Abstract Studies were made on the identification, damage and chemical methods of control of rodent pests in irrigated and nonirrigated fields of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) at Ludhiana, India. Peanut fields were infested with Bandicota bengalensis, Tatera indica, Rattus meltada and Mus spp., except that B. bengalensis was absent in nonirrigated fields. These rodents reduced peanut yield by an average 3.86%, a loss of 190.18 rupees/ha ($15.12 US). Severe rodent damage was sporadic with a maximum of 18.97% reduction in peanut yield. Rodents inflicted more damage between 80 to 120 days after planting, i. e. during the pod fill stage of crop growth. A single treatment with poison bait at 80 to 90 days after planting with 2.4% zinc phosphide, 0.005% brodifacoum and 0.005% bromadiolone in cereal baits at the rate of 1 kg/ha resulted in 58.07%, 42.26% and 40.88% rodent control, respectively, in nonirrigated fields. In irrigated fields, 58.70% and 67.02% rodent control was achieved with zinc phosphide and brodif...


We describe a system that allows for controlling different robots and avatars from a real time motion stream. The underlying problem is that motion data from tracking systems is usually represented differently to the motion data required to drive an avatar or a robot: there may be different joints, motion may be represented by absolute joint positions and rotations or by a root position, bone lengths and relative rotations in the skeletal hierarchy. Our system resolves these issues by remapping in real time the tracked motion so that the avatar or robot performs motions that are visually close to those of the tracked person. The mapping can also be reconfigured interactively at run-time. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our system by case studies in which a tracked person is embodied as an avatar in immersive virtual reality or as a robot in a remote location. We show this with a variety of tracking systems, humanoid avatars and robots.


Enterprise's capital management is a course of capital collecting, administering and optimal allocating. It mainly consists of capital stock, debt, property right, and essential capital management. The surplus resulted from capital management can be evaluated in economic profits.


This paper aims to offer empirical evidence to understand action research methodology as a strategy to reflect, design, implement, refine, and gather data to explore questions of professional interest. To clear up any misinformation, action research is not the only research methodology known to scholars to explore questions of professional interest. This paper also draws on educational leaders and school administrators role in ensuring that teachers utilize action research to solve immediate, and somewhat, pressing issues in the classroom and academic environment. For example, exploring other research methods such as quantitative, qualitative, or mixed methods to solve issues in the academic environment may take several months or even years to get departmental and participant consent, research approval, extended data collection strategies, and research designs and apparatus, however, action research method models qualitative or quantitative practice and activities to clarify vision, theories, collect data, and even planning and reflection in the academic or workplace environment. Keywords: Action Research, Analyze Data, Gather Data, Explore Questions, Research Methodology, Strategy, Professional Interest, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8444-8619


In this paper, stabilization problem of parametric strict feedback class of discrete time chaotic systems is addressed. The methodology followed here utilizes recursive procedure based on contraction framework and explicit structure of controller is derived for a class of nonlinear discrete time systems. Recursive design of controller using Lyapunov based analysis are well established but contraction theory based procedures are generally lacking. Effort is made to have a recursive algorithm for discrete time chaotic systems in contraction framework. Conditions for exponential stability of system states are derived in terms of controller parameters. At each stage of recursive procedure a specific structure of Jacobian matrix is ensured so as to satisfy conditions of stability. The closed loop dynamics in this case remains nonlinear in nature. Numerical simulations for three dimensional discrete time chaotic system are presented in the end to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.


BACKGROUND
Whether smoking affects the sense of smell is in debate. To exclude a bias by presbyosmia, we analyzed the influence of acute and chronic smoking on the ability to smell in young adults.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
40 smokers (23 women, 17 men) aged between 18-34 years were included. They smoked in average 19.6 cigarettes per day and had an average of 7.96 pack years (minimum: 2.5; maximum: 25). The sense of smell was evaluated using the Sniffin' sticks© olfactory test-battery in 215 min 5 times. The impact of a 2 h controlled abstinence time and subsequent smoking of a cigarette were measured. 43 never smokers were tested as control group.

RESULTS
Smoking had a 2-fold impact on the sense of smell: there was a reversible impairment after acute smoking and a permanent reduction of olfaction in relation to the pack years. In summary, the young smokers remained normosmic, although they showed significantly worse test results compared to the group of never smokers. The olfactory capacity of different groups of smokers differed up to maximum of 4.5 TDI points (sum of olfactory threshold-, discrimination- and identification-score).

CONCLUSIONS
The damage caused by smoking seems to be settled in the border area between norm- and hyposmia. In case of an expert opinion the patient should be asked for the pack years and should keep 2 h controlled smoking abstinence prior to olfactory testing.


Objective To analyze the changes of lymphocyte, interleukin-6 (IL6) and inflammatory indexes in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 under different conditions of disease in northeast division of Chongqing Methods A total of 74 patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in Chongqing Three Gorges Central Hospital from January 28, 2020 to February 21, 2020 were selected, which including 27 severe cases, 18 critical cases and 29 mild cases They were divided into five groups according to their disease status, among whom the critically ill patients were divided into groups A, B, C and D, and the mild ill patients into group E Some patients were counted several times due to disease progression Flow cytometer and blood routine analyzer were used to detect the levels of lymphocyte, IL-6 and inflammatory indexes in patients with different conditions of disease Results The levels of IL-6 and CRP in severe patients with different conditions of disease were significantly higher than those in mild patients (P 0 05) Conclusion IL-6, lymphocyte and CRP can predict the change of coronavirus disease 2019


Using daily mean air temperature data of 25 meteorological observations in Ningxia,the space - time evolution of≥0℃accumulated temperature and its beginning and ending dates are statistically analyzed.The period and sudden change of≥0℃,accumulated temperature are revealed by complex Morlet wavelet analysis and Mann - Kendall mutation detection methods,respectively.And the cause of its climatic evolution has been primarily discussed through comparable analysis of atmospheric circulation characters between before and after climate shift.The results show that;during the past 50 years,the≥0℃accumulated temperature in the whole area of Ningxia shows an increasing trend,especially in the background of climate warming the increasing speeds are the most,with averaged increase of 231.8℃.The beginning time of stably≥0℃accumulated temperature has been early and ending time late,so its duration has became significantly longer,especially in the latest 10 years,with 8 day longer averaged in all Ningxia.The≥0℃accumulated temperature in the whole Ningxia and in the area of Yellow River Irrigation Area of Ningxia changed suddenly in 1997 from less to more,and there were about 3 -4 a and 9 a periods since 1960s.Among these periods the 9 a period is relatively stronger,and with the strongest in the 1990s.The days of extreme minimum temperature of 0℃in the area of Yellow River Irrigation Area has been significantly reduced during the period of 0℃accumulated temperature.So correspondingly the frost damages also should be reduced.And the related departments should adjust agriculture structure distribution in time according to the indices proposed in this paper.It is atmospheric circulation significant adjustment before and after climate warming that caused increasing trend and duration time longer of≥0℃accumulated temperature.Before climate wanning change,in the high-mid latitude region on 500 hPa height,especially in area near Balkhash Lake,it was easy to form low trough,so it was advantage of cold air in the polar going down southerly and affecting Ningxia,and causing temperature lower,and≥0℃accumulated temperature smaller.While after climate warming change,the atmospheric circulation on 500 hPa changed significantly.The meridional circulation has been weakened,and the latitudinal circulation strengthened.This was disadvantage of low trough forming and developing,the numbers of cold air going down southerly from polar reduced,the temperature raised in the large-scale area of downstream,and so corresponding to the≥0℃accumulated temperature increase.


The Essay suggests that environmental law may properly be sensitive to nonwelfarist and distributive considerations as well as overall human welfare. It summarizes the author's revisionary view of eBA as a decision-procedure roughly tracking overall welfare that incorporates an objectivist rather than preferentialist view of well-being, and that has a role to play even within a non utilitarian of moral framework. And it explains that eBA does not (pace Driesen) involve a static conception of efficiency, a presupposition that technological change is exogeneous, or an assumption that individuals act rationally. I. CosT-BENEFIT ANALYSIS AND "STATIC EFFICIENCY" Many thanks to David Driesen for organizing this conference, and for inviting me to participate. I should stress at the outset that I'm basically an applied philosopher, not an economist or a scientist. I'm interested in the application of moral philosophy to problems of public law, not only constitutional law but also administrative law and regulation, which have been relatively underexamined by philosophers. I've written, in particular, about the normative foundations of cost-benefit analysis (CBA). This is my work with Eric Posner,! and also some soleauthored work.2 I'm not by any means an expert in environmental law-I've never written about it specifically, or even taught it-and so much of what I say over the next few days will be tentative. * Professor of Law, University of Pennsylvania. I Matthew D. Adler & Eric A Posner, Implementing Cost.Benefit Analysis When Preferences Are Distorted, 29 J. LEGAL STIJD. 1105 (2000) [hereinafter Adler & Posner, Implementing CBA]; Matthew D. Adler & Eric A Posner, Rethinking Cost-Benefit Analysis, 109 YALE LJ. 165 (1999) [hereinafter Adler & Posner, Rethinking CBA]. 2 Matthew D. Adler, Beyond Efficiency and Procedure: A Welfarist Theory of Regulation, 28 FLA. ST. U. L. REv. 241 (2000) [hereinafter Adler, Beyond Efficiency]; Matthew D. Adler, Fear Assessment: Cost-Benefit Analysis and the Pricing of Fear and Anxiety, 79 CHI.-KENT L. REv. (forthcoming 2004); Matthew Adler, Incommensurability and Cost-Benefit Analysis, 146 U. PA. L. REv. 1371 (1998); Matthew D. Adler, Risk, Death and Harm: The Normative Foundations of Risk Regulation, 87 MINN. L. REV. 1293 (2003).


One in five political scientists with biographies on Wikipedia are women and almost half are American. Biases onWikipedia can cause real harm, so I created or expanded a political science–related Wikipedia article every day for a year, focusing on writing new pages about political scientists from underrepresented groups. This article shows that Wikipedia's coverage of political scientists remains skewed by gender and nationality, and I suggest ways for political scientists to improve Wikipedia's representation of the discipline. Anyone can write an article on Wikipedia, including a biography of another person, but an overwhelming proportion of these biographies are about men from wealthy countries. This has prompted a type of digital activism: for almost as long as Wikipedia has existed, there have been collective efforts to make its coverage of people fairer (Redden 2016).1 Almost a decade of work has focused specifically on increasing the proportion of biographies about women in science (Wade and Zaringhalam 2018). However, whereas thousands of new pages have been written about underrepresented natural scientists, medical researchers, and engineers, Wikipedia's treatment of social scientists has not received the same level of attention. Yet, Wikipedia's coverage of social sciences suffers from the same problems as its coverage of natural and medical sciences. Adams, Brückner, and Naslund (2019) found that sociologists who are men or who are white are disproportionately likely to be the subject of a biography onWikipedia, and Schellekens, Holstege, and Yasseri (2019) identified similar gender gaps among pages about economists, physicists, and philosophers. As Alter et al. (2020) argued, and as Ackerly and Michelitch (2022) discuss in this symposium, there is reason to expect that these biases also would apply to political scientists. Tomatch the estimated proportion of women among full-time political scientists in the United States, Wikipedia's biographies of women in political science would need to appear at almost double the overall proportion of Wikipedia biographies about women (APSA 2011).2 These types of biases echo the enduring problems in political science. Gender gaps have been consistently identified in political science citations, syllabi, and books, whereas the academic study of politics historically has focused on a small number of wealthy countries (Dion and Mitchell 2019; Wilson and Knutsen 2020). The prominent initiativesWomen Also Know Stuff and People of Color Also Know Stuff were motivated partly by a closely related bias: publications and events about politics are less likely to include experts who are white women or people of color (Beaulieu et al. 2017; Lemi, Osorio, and Rush 2019). Like other types of bias in the discipline, biased coverage on Wikipedia can have serious effects. In a typical month, Wikipedia articles about politics are viewed hundreds of millions of times.3 Experiments demonstrate that text on highly viewed Wikipedia pages can affect outcomes from the way that scientific topics are described in academic papers to the revenue of tourist destinations (Hinnosaar et al. 2017; Thompson and Hanley 2018). Researchers specifically argue that biased coverage of a profession on Wikipedia can discourage people from joining that profession due to an absence of visible role models (Hinnosaar 2019; Wade and Zaringhalam 2018). To address these issues, I undertook a year-long project to reduce bias among political science–relatedWikipedia articles, in which I focused on gender and regional disparities in biographies about political scientists. Every day in 2020, I created or expanded a Wikipedia article about a political scientist from an underrepresented group. How productive were these efforts, and how much work remains before Wikipedia biographies of political scientists are a fair representation of the field? First, I describe the distributions of gender and nationality among Wikipedia pages about political scientists. I then discuss the limitations of an individual effort like mine that aims to address a systemic problem. Finally, I provide concrete suggestions for how others can contribute.


Raimondo, F. M.: Genista madoniensis (Fabaeeae), a new species from Sicily. - Fl. Medit. 9: 319-322. 1999. - ISSN 1 120-4052. Genisla madoniensis, a new shrub species in the northem slope of Madonie Mts (C.-N. Sicily), is described. The ncw taxon, occurring in the Querells suber woods, is close to Genisla cupanii, endemie to the same mountains, and G. Iriaeanthos Brot. occurring also in the cork woods in the southern Iberian Peninsula (Spain and Portugal) and in N. Africa (Marocco and Algeria). According to Gibbs (1968), Pignatti (1982) and Greuter & al. (1989), in Sicily two endemie species belonging to Genista L. sect. Voglera Gaertn. occur. These are namely G. aristata C. PresI, occurring in the Madonie and Nebrodi Mts (N. Sicily), and G. cupanii Guss. closely localized in the montane part of Madonie on quartzarenitic soils. A new species, also endemie to the northern slope of Madonie Mts, is now to be added to the former ones. A population of this new species had been found during phytocoenotic surveys in the local cork woods and formerly referred to Genista cupanii by Schicchi & al. (1995). Subsequently it appeared quite distinct from both morphological and ecological point of view, as results from comparison with G. cupanii itself and with other related taxa, such as G. triacanthos Brot. occurring in N. Africa and S. Iberian Peninsula (Valdes & al. 1987, Talavera 1999). Also with regard to the distribution, the new taxon is distinct from G. cupanii; besides, it shows both biologically and ecologically homogeneous characters. Therefore it can taxonomically be described and named as Genista madoniensis.


The invention belongs to the technical field of making of special type paper, and discloses nano-silver composite antibacterial paper, a making method of the nano-silver composite antibacterial paper and the application of the nano-silver composite antibacterial paper. The making method includes the following steps that (1), a silver nitrate solution is evenly sprayed to a basic paper material until the material is in saturated moisture absorption; (2), moisture of the basic paper material in saturated moisture absorption is removed through a physical method, and the material is not completely dry; (3), a reducing agent solution is sprayed to the basic paper material in the step (2) until the paper is completely soaked; (4), the basic paper material is taken out when the color completely changes, and the nano-silver composite antibacterial paper is obtained after being washed and dried; (5), the steps (1) to (4) are carried out repeatedly, and the nano-silver composite antibacterial paper with high silver loads is obtained. The making method is simple, silver loads and silver distribution are easy to control, silver in the made antibacterial paper is small in size and uniform in distribution, the nano-silver composite antibacterial paper is good in antibacterial effect and bonding strength and high in stability, the prior quality of the paper is not affected, and the nano-silver composite antibacterial paper is applicable to the field of medical nursing packaging and antibacterial packaging.


Indoor shop recognition can not only help mobile users to quickly recognize a shop to know about the information of interest without needing to enter the shop, but also assist in achieving more accurate user localization in a shopping mall. However, the existing Wi-Fi fingerprint based approaches or image based approaches cannot accomplish this goal well due to the huge cost of constructing large-scale fingerprint database and poor accuracy. In order to address these issues, we propose a simple but efficient fingerprinting approach to collect various valuable sensory data with smartphones, which can not only reduce the randomness of fingerprints and the negative impact of pedestrians in image matching, but also be used to calculate the user-to-shop distance based on the perspective projection model for assisting in determining an accurate fingerprint searching scope. We also propose an efficient fingerprint searching and matching method to improve the recognition accuracy. We have implemented a prototype system, and collected a fingerprint database of 36 shops in a shopping mall. Extensive experiments demonstrate our approach achieves promising results in realistic scenarios.


In what follows, a plausible version of the panpsychist thesis is worked out before two arguments for panpsychism are examined for their soundness. In a next step, two arguments against the developed panpsychist thesis are discussed, which, prima facie, pose theoretically insurmountable aporia for it. In a final step, it is argued that panpsychism as located in analytic philosophy can overcome these problems when it is included in the wider theoretical framework of panentheism, as it is paradigmatically set out in the classical German philosophy of the panentheist Karl Christian Friedrich Krause and his pupil Arthur Schopenhauer.


Electrical characteristics of the diagonally connected MHD generator are studied analytically using a two-dimensional time dependent numerical modeling technique. The method is based on a Finite Element Mathematic formulation for the generator electrodynamics. The analysis is directed at study of near electrode electrical behavior as influenced by slag coverage. Physical characteristics of the 1A4 CDIF generator are used to fix the geometry of the generator that is analyzed and experimental results from CDIF testing are used to impose boundary values to the electrical model. In this fashion, a model to data type comparison can be inferred from the results. The simulations produced solutions which agree well with CDIF experimental results, i.e., the electrical measurement for the electric field and current density based upon Faraday voltage and inter electrode voltage data. The CDIF generator has an ion-oxide injection system to prevent electrode shorting and slag polarization on the electrode walls. The following observations are drawn from the analyses. By the influence of the Hall field, the current patterns are slightly complex in the boundary layer. Because of the slag coverage thermal insulating effect, the current transport is by diffuse discharge through the boundary layers due to the enhanced temperature from slagmore » coverage. Through elevated electrical conductivity of the slag and the strong influence of the Hall effect in the boundary layer, the equipotential lines bend into complex patterns near electrodes. The numerical simulation was also carried out considering the effects of slag polarization. The leakage current in the slag layer had some effect on the behavior of the slag. Slag polarization causes a reversed current phenomenon by which a cathode exhibits operation of an anode within the slag layer. High electrical conductivity of the slag is a main factor to support leakage currents and are currents in the slag layer.« less


The paper is a brief research summary of the field for studies on Adorno's aesthetics,including studies on Adorno's aesthetics within China since the 1980's,and studies on it in both the English-speaking world and other countries. This paper also discusses textual studies on Adorno's Aesthetic Theory,as well as my personal way of reading it.


ABSTRACTEmbedded systems constitute the class of computers that presentthe most significant volume and are increasingly present ineveryday life. The main element of these systems is the processor,which can be found in discrete form, represented by a physicalcomponent, or cores, as used in programmable logic devices.Processors of the same architecture share the same instructionset but may differ in the organization's implementation. RISC(Reduced Instruction Set Computer) is the class of architecturesthat favors a simple, reduced instruction set. RISC-V is an exampleof such architecture, which consists of an initiative by academiaand industry to be open and free, aiming for easy and optimizedimplementations. However, due to the recent disclosure of itsfeatures and specifications, RISC-V needs more reference materialfor digital and embedded system designs. This work proposesthe RVSH, a simple RISC-V processor for teaching and researchactivities. The implementation aims to allow the adoption of thisarchitecture in topics such as digital systems, computer architecture,microcontrollers, and embedded systems design.


The purpose of this work has been to calculate the total amount of freight transportation initiated by the activity in a Norwegian production sector. This involves two 'levels' of transportation activity. The first level, called direct transportation, is transportation that is executed or paid for by the production sector itself. The second level, called indirect transportation, is executed or paid for by suppliers of intermediate goods to the production sector and their suppliers.


Recent years have brought about new challenges to media landscapes across Europe. Pressures from commercial broadcasters and declining audiences have been compounded by political and financial pressures that have led to questions about the very existence, role and purpose of public service broadcasting. An event held at the LSE last week addressed the future of public service media in Europe. One of the speakers, Peter Bajomi-Lazar of Budapest Business School, discusses here the challenges for public service broadcasting in the Western Balkans.


1. Intro&ction Much work has been done on obtaining estimates from below for the greatest prime factors of the terms of certain sequences of integers. Let P(W) denote the greatest prime factor of nz and letf(x) be any irreducible polynomial with degree > 1 and integer coefficients. It can easily be deduced from Siegel's work [& 121 that P(f (x)) + w as x 3 co and recently Sprindzhuk and Kotov [7], using deep techniques of Baker, have shown that indeed


The present invention discloses a method for obtaining a service list and multimedia broadcast multicast service data, the method comprising: acquiring an electronic service guide (ESG) information, read from system information block SIB13 system broadcast message, and acquiring the ESG information according to SIB13 cell service list. The present invention also discloses a system for obtaining a service list and multimedia broadcast multicast service data, the system, cell service list acquisition unit for acquiring the ESG information, is read from the system broadcast message SIB13, SIB13 and acquiring ESG information according to cell service list. Multimedia broadcast multicast service method and system of the present invention, a cell can acquire service list, and receives the service list acquired cell (MBMS) service data.


This article implies a proposal for a lossy compression system using polynomial coding with color and gray images. The proposed system contains two main parts: coding and decoding. In the coding, each block of the image is represented as a twodimensional quadratic polynomial to prune the main low variation component to get better compression gain. The size of each image block is variable depending on quadtree partitioning. Then, the signal residue of the polynomial representation (i.e., the residue is the component produced due to subtraction of polynomial from the original image); then the polynomial coefficients and the residue are encoded, separately in different manners. The transformation coding (i.e., Discrete Cosine transform or bi-Orthogonal Wavelet transform) is used to compress the residual component of each band. The applied transform on the residue band can map the values more compactly. Also, uniform quantization is applied to the residue to effectively reduce the number of consumed bits required to represent the residue. Various encoding operations are performed to encode the polynomial coefficients. Finally, the all-out output is compressed using an LZW encoder. The results of the conducted test indicated that the introduced structure is lightweight and its implementation is straightforward. Besides that, it can lead to high compression ratios with an acceptable fidelity tolerance. The results are comparable to those of the current study and it has made progress.


An odontogenic cutaneous sinus tract (OCST) is an uncommon finding caused by prolonged periapical inflammation. Patients typically seek treatment from dermatology and ENT clinics due to a lack of intraoral symptoms and the presence of a cutaneous lesion. Misdiagnosis in certain circumstances may result in ineffective treatment. This current article describes four cases of recurrent OCST that were initially misdiagnosed and treated with surgical excision and orally administered antibiotics, without healing. These cases were referred to the endodontic clinic and diagnosed noninvasively using cone-beam computed tomography. The cases were managed by nonsurgical endodontic treatment, followed by dermatologic treatment protocol to prevent scar formation and healing was observed with a 3-year follow-up. These cases emphasize the importance of considering dental infection as a primary etiologic factor in OCST. Referral for dental care management is essential for diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up.


The present invention provides a structured abrasive article in the form of a fixed abrasive pad (100), the spacer having a structured abrasive layer (120) disposed on a backing (110) on. Structured abrasive layer (120) comprises a polymer binder, and abrasive particles dispersed nonionic polyether surfactant dispersed in a binder in a binder. The abrasive grains having an average size less than about 200nm, and a structured abrasive layer total weight, the amount of the surfactant in the binder is 0.75 wt% to 2.2 wt%. The present invention also provides the use of a fixed abrasive polishing pad workpiece provided a method.


Abstract : The authors define a controlled Markov chain as one for which the passage probabilities are defined by P(xi sub (n + 1) = X sub (n + 1) (vertical line) xi sub n, d sub n); n = 0,1,... where d sub n is an element which may be chosen from a space D as a function of x sub 0,...,x sub n. A choice of d sub n(x sub 0,...,x sub n) for each n = or > 0 is called a control delta; and it is noted that the process (xi, delta), xi = (xi sub 1, xi sub 2,...), delta = (d sub 1, d sub 2,...) is generally not really Markovian (since the further past has too much influence). The control delta is called Markovian if each of the functions d sub n depends only on x sub n, and homogeneous Markovian if in addition, all d sub n are the same. The authors define admissible controls; they define optimal controls in terms of a loss function W(x, d) where x is the state of the system and d the chosen control. They answer the question of existence of optimal controls and optimal homogeneous Markov controls for the very special case of finite state and control spaces.


This report presents the derivation of a circuit model for homogeneous f inline. It also describes several models for inductive strips in homogeneous finline. The models are simple, accurate and completely compatible with existing CAD software.


Nursing has lacked a professional voice in the workplace, which contributes to delays in recognising and addressing patient safety concerns, as identified by national reviews into patient care failings. Nurses often lack structured or consistent approaches to clinical supervision, with poor access to real-time professional and personal support and development. In 2017, midwifery reformed its supervision model, with the change from supervisors of midwives to professional midwifery advocates. This new model links continuous quality improvement, staff wellbeing, patient experience and education to improve care. Adopting this approach of professional advocacy in nursing under national leadership to continuously develop self-learning, professional confidence and communication skills in a structured way could benefit nursing. This articles discusses the potential advantages of this model over the current nursing clinical supervision approach.


A 50-cm fillet flap permitted above-knee amputation in lieu of hip disarticulation in a 20-year-old woman who had sustained severe injuries in a motorcycle accident. Although the flap was unusually long, the principles followed were the same as those for posterior flaps used in below-knee amputations and fillet flaps of the digits. The flap allowed preservation of maximal length in the residual limb and fully sensible skin coverage, both of which facilitated prosthetic usage.


To estimate the prognostic value of stress echo (SE) with the assessment of coronary flow velocity reserve (CFVR) and heart rate reserve (HRR) in patients admitted for chest pain with non-diagnostic EKG, negative troponin, and without inducible regional wall motion abnormalities (RWMA).

 658 patients (age 67±12 years) admitted to our Emergency Department with chest pain, non-diagnostic EKG, and negative serial troponin underwent dipyridamole (0.84 mg/kg in 6') SE with simultaneous assessment of RWMA, CFVR in the left anterior descending artery, and HRR as peak/rest heart rate. The outcome measure was all-cause mortality.

 Of the 658 patients initially enrolled, 20 (3%) showed RWMA during SE and were referred to ischemia-driven revascularization. In the remaining 638, CFVR was abnormal (<2.0) in 148 patients (23%). HRR was abnormal (<1.22 in patients in sinus rhythm, or <1.17 in patients with permanent atrial fibrillation) in 196 patients (31%). The main clinical and echocardiographic characteristics according to CFVR and HRR response are shown in Table 1. During a follow-up of 7.3±4.3 years, 151 (24%) patients died. Survival at 8 years was 93% in patients with normal CFVR and HRR, 76% in patients with abnormal CFVR only, 73% in patients with abnormal HRR only, and 38% in those with abnormal CFVR and HRR (p<0.0001) (Figure 1). At multivariable analysis, abnormal CFVR (HR 1.49, 95% CI 1.05–2.10, p=0.02) and abnormal HRR (HR 2.01, 95% CI 1.43–2.84, p<0.0001) were independent predictors of survival.

 In admitted patients with non-ischemic EKG, negative serial troponin, and whitout RWMA during dipyridamole SE, a reduced CFVR and blunted HRR independently identify a subset with worse survival in the long-term.

 Type of funding sources: None.


A grid resource allocation and task scheduling algorithm based on intelligent is proposed,because the grid resources scheduling is a discrete problem,the discrete particle swarm algorithm based on self-adapting inertia is adopted.Aiming at the later of algorithm,the discrete particle swarm algorithm is easy to fall in local optimum,it is combined with tabu search algorithm.At prophase,the discrete particle swarm algorithm is presented,in the late tabu search algorithm is using to local search.And by using the grid simulation tools Gridsim Toolkit,a grid simulation system for experiments is developed.Experimental results show that the algorithm is of higher optimization ability.


PNEUMOCOCCUS INVASION OF THE THROAT. MEDICAL science can point with justifiable pride to the almost complete extinction of some diseases, notably typhus, and to the great diminution in the prevalence of others, such as small-pox, tuberculosis, and typhoid fever, which are among the results achieved by it during the last half-century. But, like the voice behind the hero of a Roman triumph telling him that he was mortal, there is one disease that whispers a like chastening reminder in the ear of victorious hygiene. Professor Osler says that " among "the maladies of modern life, pneumococcic infections "alone have increased in frequency and severity." The pcneumococcus, though it has not yet got the ill


The fates of a total of 30 pharmaceutical compounds, which have been frequently administrated, in a local wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) were evaluated. The main process of the WWTP was the conventional activated sludge. Wastewater and sludge samples were collected from each unit process of the plant. The collected samples were extracted and quantitated following the procedure proposed by the National Institute of Environmental Science. The quantitation of residual pharmaceuticals were performed using HPLC-MS-MS. In general, the conventional biological treatment process did not seem to be effective in treating antibacterial compounds. It should be noted that the sampling for the study was performed once. To draw a more concrete conclusion out, more sampling events should be designed to have more data.


objective To explore changes of plasma beta-endorphin(β-EP),neuropeptide Y(NPY) and Ghrelin levels in patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS) and their correlations with PSG indicators,and observe changes of the three peptides after CPAP treatment.Methods There were three groups,including 32 cases of obese OSAHS patients(OSAHS group),26 cases of obese adult without OSAHS(simple obesity group) and 27 normal healthy adults(normal controls group).Polysomnography(PSG) was performed in the OSAHS group and the simple obesity group.Concentrations of plasmaβ-EP,NPY,Ghrelin were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent(ELISA).Results Plasma β-EP concentration in the OSAHS group was significantly higher than in the simple obesity group and the normal control group(P0.01),and there were positive correlations betweenβ-EP and sleep apnea hypopnea index(AHI) or the longest sleep apnoea time(LAT)(P0.05).There was negative correlation betweenβ-EP and lowest oxygen saturation(LSaO2) or mean oxygen saturation(MSaO2)(P=0.016,0.000 respectively).Plasma NPY concentration in the OSAHS group was significantly higher than in the simple obesity group(P0.05) and the normal control group(P0.01).Plasma NPY level in the OSAHS group was positively correlated with BMI, AHI,arousal index(MAI),or Epworth Sleepiness Scale(ESS score)(P0.01).NPY changes in the simple obesity group were positively correlated with BMI(P0.05).Plasma Ghrelin concentration in the OSAHS group was lower than those in the simple obesity group and the normal control group(P0.01).No significant correlation was found with PSG indicators.After continuous positive airway pressure(CPAP) treatment for 3 months,β-EP,NPY levels were decreased(P0.05) and Ghrelin levels rose higher than that before the treatment without significant difference.Conclusion In the OSAHS group,the plasma β-EP,NPY levels were increased,and Ghrelin levels were decreased due to repeated apnea and hypopnea.In addition to obesity,recurrent apnea and arousal may play a more important role for the changes of NPY levels.Elevated NPY plays a catalytic role in daytime sleepiness in the patients with OSAHS.CPAP treatment for 3 months can reduce β-EP and NPY levels to some extent,but exerts a limited role for Ghrelin.


Background. The profitability in Islamic bank is influenced by murabahah receivables, musyarakah financing and lease financing. Therefore, it is essencial to analysis profitability in PT. Bank Aceh. Effectiveness of oral corrective feedback (OCF) in language learning is influenced by learners' comprehension and response to various OCF techniques. Therefore, it is essential for teachers to consider learners' preferences for OCF strategies.Purpose. This research aims to analyze the influence of Murabahah, Musyarakah, and Lease Receivables on the profitability of Bank Aceh Syariah.The population of this study is Islamic Banks in Indonesia in 2012-2017 are 13 BUS.Method. The data was analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis, path analysis, and sobel test. This research is a field study with a quantitative approach. The data used in this study is secondary data in the form of Financial Statements quarter 2017 to November 2020 registered with the Financial Services Authority (OJK). This type of research data is panel data that are analyzed using descriptive statistics, classical assumptions, and multiple linear regressions.Results. The results showed that there was no effect of murabahah receivables on the profitability of PT. Bank Aceh with a significance of 0.938, with alpha (α) 0.05 or 5%.  The effect of musyarakah financing on profitability in PT. Bank Aceh with the significance of 0.010 with alpha (α) 0.05 or 5%. The absence of the effect of lease / ijarah on profitability in PT. Bank Aceh with the significance of 0.082, with alpha (α) 0.05 or 5%. There is a significant influence between murabahah receivables, musyarakah financing, and simultaneous lease financing on the profitability of PT. Bank Aceh period 2017-2020 is 26% while the remaining 74% is determined or influenced by other variables that are not included in this study.Conclusion. This study has significant implications for assessing profitability in Islamic bank bg using murabahah receivables, musyarakah financing and lease financing.


The CO-ethene copolymerization has been efficiently carried out in the water/CH2Cl2 emulsion by using water insolvable Pd(II) complexes. By using the surfactant SDS very high molecular weight copolymers have been obtained with high productivity (ca. 13,000 g/(gPd.h)).


The article, in preparation for paleographic research, reviews the already encyclopedically accepted and recent results of several relevant scientific disciplines to delimit the temporal, geographic, and civilizational relationships of the formation of Minoan civilization from the assumptions of the Sumerian Origin Theory. He concludes that the archaic Sumerian population that flourished civilization c. 3100 BC moved to South, Southwest Anatolia, where they lived with the Luwi people for c. 900 years, then around 2200 BC they settled on the Cyclades, Thera, and Crete, forming a palace farming system, transforming the social system of the neolithic natives, bringing in more advanced agriculture, crafts, and extensive maritime trade. He states that the Minoan writing systems are the descendants of a proto-writing created as a result of a coevolution took place in a Luwi environment, conveying an archaic Sumerian language. By reinterpreting a number of oddities, he hypothesizes that the power center of the Minoan world was in fact Thera. The confirmation of this assumption related to Crete, would clarify many open question so far.


The diagrammatic approach, including three-boson contact interactions, is used to study four-boson systems in a leading-order effective field theory (EFT). To determine at what order a four-boson force is needed in an EFT, an renormalization group (RG) analysis, e.g., a study of the cutoff dependence, must be performed for four-boson observables. The method used in this calculation works at higher cutoffs than existing four-boson calculations, which are limited below a threshold cutoff, $\Lambda_{t}$, above which deeply bound trimers appear. The trimer poles in the four-boson calculation are systematically incorporated in this work. Tetramer binding energies for cold $^4$He atoms are computed numerically and it is necessary to go above $\Lambda_{t}$ in order to obtain convergence. No four-boson force is needed at LO, as argued by previous studies, but more rigorously demonstrated here by the convergence at much higher cutoffs. Tetramer binding energies for cold $^4$He atoms agree with existing calculations. Tetramer binding energies and decay widths are also computed near the unitary limit and agree with existing calculations. The method used in this paper may be extended to study four-body nuclear systems and their cutoff dependence at high cutoffs.


This paper contributes to the accurate and efficient computation of control system equations in electromagnetic-transient simulation tools. The proposed approach is based on the formulation of a reduced rank Jacobian matrix in a fully iterative Newton method. In addition, this paper compares the accuracy and efficiency for the proposed method's variants, including a hybrid approach with a fixed-point solution.


AbstractThis study investigated the availability and present use of microcomputers in vocational education. In addition, the study sought to determine the knowledge, skills, and attitudes of vocational teachers toward microcomputers as well as their opinions regarding a number of computer-related topics. The majority of vocational teachers were somewhat informed about all aspects of computer usages. They favored the use of microcomputers in vocational education and expressed an interest in acquiring necessary computer skills and knowledge. There were significant differences in teachers' attitudes toward using microcomputers among various groups of teachers in terms of their community type, school level, prior microcomputer training, and the availability of microcomputers.


Automatic summarization of text is on of the area of interest in the field of natural language processing. The proposed method utilizes the sentence extraction in a single document and produces a generic summary for a given Malayalam document (Extractive summarization). Sentences in the document are ranked based on the word score of each word present in it. Top N ranked sentences are extracted and arrange them in their chronological order for summary generation, where N represents the size of summary with respect to the percentage of original document size (condensation rate). The standard metric ROUGE is used for performance evaluation. ROUGE calculates the n-gram overlap between a generated summary and reference summaries. Reference summaries were constructed manually. Experiments show that the results are promising.


Abstract : A multidisciplinary study was conducted offshore of the mouth of the Columbia River to characterize the baseline physical, chemical, and biological aspects of the nearshore zone and to investigate the effects of open-water disposal on the study area. Physical data analyzed during the study indicate that dredged material deposited in the nearshore zone off the mouth of the Columbia River maintains its identity relative to surrounding sediments for periods of years and that such material migrates towards the north at a rate of approximately 0.6 kilo-metre per year. Chemical data suggest that the release of dredged material at the experimental disposal area has no measurable effect on either ambient water quality or quality of the sediments. Dredged material removed from the Columbia River entrance channel can be characterized as fine to medium sand with insignificant levels of pollutants. Bottom sediments examined from the tidal delta in the region of disposal site B consistently showed higher levels of nutrients and metals than sediments from adjacent sampling sites. Biological studies indicate that the disposal of dredged material had a measurable effect on both the benthic macroinvertebrates and the demersal finfish at the experimental disposal area.


Internet texts have a wide circulation.Through literary interpretation and cultural analysis of these texts,we can understand partial character of contemporary cultural trend of thought.Then we can know the literary value and cultural meaning of internet text.This paper takes messages of QQ group for example.The author peruses and analyzes some classical internet texts and tries to see clearly the essence through phenomena.Based on the above,the author contemplates and reflects this question in a cultural perspective.


Despite being the work of one of the 20th-century's most famous philosophers, Jean-Paul Sartre's Critique of Dialectical Reason has never been fully integrated into our collective philosophical consciousness. None of the book's key concepts, from seriality to the group, have come to play an important role in other philosophers', sociologists', or political theorists' work. Amongst Sartre scholars, while work on the Critique has increased steadily in recent years, in particular in France and Belgium, no critical consensus exists about the book's overall meaning or value. On the occasion of the Critique's 60th birthday, in this article I provide a summary of its main aims and concepts with a view to establishing a new basis for reading and discussing the book. I will argue that the Critique is a coherent and unique work of social theory that speaks to a world suffering an overwhelming wave of what Sartre calls 'counter-finality' in the form of climate change.


Cenozoic gneiss domes comprise one third of the surface exposure of the Pamir and allow an unparalleled view into deep crustal processes of the India–Asia collision. The largest of these is the ~350 × 90 km Shakhdara–Alichur dome of the southwestern Pamir, Tajikistan and Afghanistan. These composite gneiss domes exhumed crust from up to 30–40 km depth along two opposite-verging normal shear zones, the south-dipping South Pamir shear zone and the north-dipping Alichur shear zone. Smaller domes have been recognized in the central and northern Pamir. Comprehensive structural [1] and geochronologic and thermochronologic data [2] unravel the formation of the Shakhdara–Alichur gneiss domes by footwall exhumation of low-angle detachments. Crustal thickening in the Oligocene caused prograde metamorphism and peaked in widespread migmatization of the southwestern Pamir crust in the late Oligocene to early Miocene. The onset of doming at 21–20 Ma is attributed to graviational collapse of the weak, partially molten crust. Dome formation resulted in ≤90 km N–S extension in the southwestern Pamir at rates of ≤10 cm/yr in the Miocene and Pliocene; extensional doming ended at ~2 Ma. Isostatic surface uplift of the dome basement drove river incision at ≤1.0 mm/yr contrasting with low erosion rates (0.1–0.3 mm/yr) in the southeastern Pamir hanging wall cover; this contrast is reflected in the high-relief topography of the southwestern Pamir compared to eastern Pamir plateau. Overall, erosion of the basement domes was minor, preserving most of the extruded deep crust, including the top of the South Pamir shear zone at peak elevations throughout the dome. Extension in the Pamir is coeval with ongoing convergence between India and Asia. It opposes shortening in a fold-thrust belt north of the domes and in particular in the Tajik depression, where an evaporitic decollement facilitated upper crustal shortening. Gravitational collapse of the Pamir-plateau margin drove core-complex formation in the southwestern Pamir and shortening of the weak foreland adjacent to the plateau. Overall, this geometry defines a 'vertical extrusion' scenario, comprising frontal and basal underthrusting and thickening, and hanging gravitationally driven normal shear. The main difference between the Pamir and the Himalaya is the intense erosion of the Greater Himalayan crystalline rocks, which is in contrast to negligible erosion affecting the Pamir gneiss domes; this is an effect of a drastically different climatic scenario, with the Himalaya dominated by the Monsoon and the Pamir by the Westerlies.


Supercooling and freezing points of overwintering larvae of Cephus fumipennis are determined on the average -24 8±1 25℃ and -14 9±1 59℃,respectively.In low temperature the longer the time of treatment is,the lower the pupate rate of overwintering larvae is .At the same time the effect of the abnormal low temperature in spring of Qinghai on the overwintering larvae is of vital importance.It will provide the basis for field sampling and control decision.


Summary Atresia of the outflow tract of the right ventricle in the presence of an intact ventricular septum poses major problems for surgical management. In the light of known problems, 43 autopsied hearts with this congenital abnormality were evaluated to note the arrangement of the myocardium and the cavity of the right ventricle, the state of the tricuspid valve, the precise substrate for pulmonary atresia, and the presence offistulous communications between the ventricular cavity and the coronary arteries. The specimens could be divided into two groups. The first group (38 hearts) had hypoplasia of the cavity of the right ventricle with mural hypertrophy while the second group (5 hearts) had a dilated right ventricular cavity with thinning of the wall. The larger group could be divided into two subgroups on the basis of the substrate for pulmonary atresia. Twenty hearts had muscular atresia of the right ventricular outflow tract and 18 had a potentially patent outflow tract blocked by an imperforate pulmonary valve. A comparison of these two subgroups revealed that mural hypertrophy and cavitary hypoplasia were more severe in hearts with muscular atresia. The tricuspid valve was hypoplastic and its leaflets were not dysplastic in this group but the leaflets were dysplastic in hearts with valvar pulmonary atresia. Fistulous communications between the ventricular cavity and the coronary arteries were only seen in the cases with muscular atresia. In this series, recognition of muscular pulmonary atresia would have identified those patients with the worst surgical prognosis.


The specific objective of this study was to establish the extent to which computer literacy amongst academic librarians affect faculty members' satisfaction with information services in university libraries. The population of this study composed of 112 librarians and 4469 lecturers in eleven (11) universities in South-East Zone of Nigeria. The research design used was a combination of descriptive survey and linear correlation. Two (2) researchermade rating scales were used for data collection. The first of these instruments is "Rating Scale for Librarians' Computer Literacy in University Libraries" while the second is called "Rating Scale for Lecturers' Satisfaction with Information Services in University Libraries". Census sampling was applied in choosing librarians while stratified random sampling technique was used to select respondents from the lecturers' sub-stratum. Out of the 447 and 112 copies of research instrument administered, 87 and 366 copies were returned by librarians and lecturers, respectively giving a total return-rate of 81.0%. Descriptive and inferential statistics was used for data analysis. The Spearman Rank Correlation was used to ascertain the strength of the relationship between the independent and dependent variables. Results from


Reliability template is a key factor of airborne vision navigation system. This paper proposes a new metric for region template selection. Firstly, a measurement model for uncertainty and inaccuracy of edge feature is given in detail. Furthermore, the influence of spatial distribution of edge features of correct recognition probability is analyzed in statistical probability theory. Then an "ideal" spatial distribution of region template which is the most easy to be recognized is proved by extreme-case analysis. Finally, a new metric is proposed by calculating the shape distance from this "ideal" spatial distribution, called CIRCULARITY, which can be deemed as "geometry self-similarity" to one target. The validity of new metric is experimentally demonstrated by using real ground targets. The results show that the new metric can meet the requirements of matching area selection and generating template.


This paper presents a dielectric-property determination system that measures magnitude of reflection and coupling coefficients of coupled antennas. They are plotted on a epsivr' epsivr" plane, and the intersection of these two quantities provides the value of epsivr' and epsivr". Measurement results of paddy validate the effectiveness of the proposed technique. The system provides accurate results. The error from the results of proposed system differs from the use of network analyzer of less than 4%.


This paper describes a novel approach to field oriented control of a BLDC (Brushless Direct-Current) motor producing a significantly reduced torque ripple. This paper presents a standard mathematical model of a BLDC motor in the abc reference frame which is suitable for simulation of the six-step control strategy, and a mathematical model of a BLDC motor in the dq reference frame suitable for standard and modified field oriented control strategies. An extended dq transformation, in other words a Park's-like transformation, is described and implemented in the simulation model. Simulation results of all the control strategies are evaluated and compared.


Transformer design has been a subject of research work for many years and it continues being a subject of interest [1–26]. In the last two decades, a total of 2000 papers have been published on transformers (24 international journals were investigated). It reveals that transformer remains an active research area. Increasing competition in the global transformer market has put tremendous responsibilities on the industry to increase reliability while reducing cost. With this book Prof. Pavlos Georgilakis contributes to the diffusion of power transformer design in a fresh way. More specifically, Spotlight on Modern Transformer Design introduces a novel approach to power transformer design using artificial intelligence (AI) techniques in combination with finite element method (FEM). Today, AI is widely used for modeling nonlinear and large-scale systems, especially when explicit mathematical models are difficult to obtain or completely lacking. Moreover, AI is computationally efficient in solving hard optimization problems. On the other hand, FEM is particularly capable of dealing with complex geometries, and also yields stable and accurate solutions. The main objective of this book is to solve the transformer design optimization (TDO) problem using various methods. First, TDO is solved using the conventional multiple design method. Moreover, TDO is solved combining advanced numerical methods such as finite element method and efficient optimization algorithms such as sequential quadratic programming, the branchand-bound technique, and genetic algorithms. Another very interesting aspect of this book is the detailed treatment of transformer selection by electric utilities and industrial users based on the total owning cost (TOC) method, and the incorporation of the environmental cost of transformer losses into the TOC method. One more strong point is that many numerical examples throughout the book clearly illustrate the application of the techniques discussed to a variety of real-life transformer design problems. This reference book presents practical and useful information about transformer design. The industrial experience of the author is reflected in the book in many detailed practical examples. Along with all the practical design examples, the book is filled with significant figures and tables. Prof. Georgilakis is author of three papers per year in international refereed journals during his sixteen years of professional experience, which is an excellent performance. He has theoretical and practical experience in power transformer field. This ensures the theoretical and practical treatment given to his book. The material of the book is organized in eight chapters grouped in three parts. Part I of the book contains two chapters, and Parts II and III contain three chapters (3–5 and 6–8, respectively). Chapter 1 presents basic transformer theory (magnetic circuit, equivalent


Significance Meiosis is the essential cell division process that generates haploid gametes from diploid precursor cells. It relies on a dramatic reorganization of chromosomes around a central axis, which establishes a platform for homologous pairing and its subsequent stabilization by the formation of a proteinaceous structure, the synaptonemal complex, and by physical linkages resulting from crossover recombination events. Despite their central role in regulating key meiotic events, little is known about the organization of the chromosome axes. Here, we use superresolution microscopy, combined with CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing, to build a three-dimensional model of the synapsed chromosome axis. Our data link axis structure to its functions in synapsis and regulation of partner choice during meiotic double-strand break repair. When cells enter meiosis, their chromosomes reorganize as linear arrays of chromatin loops anchored to a central axis. Meiotic chromosome axes form a platform for the assembly of the synaptonemal complex (SC) and play central roles in other meiotic processes, including homologous pairing, recombination, and chromosome segregation. However, little is known about the 3D organization of components within the axes, which include cohesin complexes and additional meiosis-specific proteins. Here, we investigate the molecular organization of meiotic chromosome axes in Caenorhabditis elegans through STORM (stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy) and PALM (photo-activated localization microscopy) superresolution imaging of intact germ-line tissue. By tagging one axis protein (HIM-3) with a photoconvertible fluorescent protein, we established a spatial reference for other components, which were localized using antibodies against epitope tags inserted by CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing. Using 3D averaging, we determined the position of all known components within synapsed chromosome axes to high spatial precision in three dimensions. We find that meiosis-specific HORMA domain proteins span a gap between cohesin complexes and the central region of the SC, consistent with their essential roles in SC assembly. Our data further suggest that the two different meiotic cohesin complexes are distinctly arranged within the axes: Although cohesin complexes containing the kleisin REC-8 protrude above and below the plane defined by the SC, complexes containing COH-3 or -4 kleisins form a central core, which may physically separate sister chromatids. This organization may help to explain the role of the chromosome axes in promoting interhomolog repair of meiotic double-strand breaks by inhibiting intersister repair.


While the 20th-century media practice was marked by the focus of visual and audio screen cultures, the 21st-century media can be characterized by three key features: locative, mobile and social. With the transformation of mobile media from a communication tool into a multimodal device accompanied by global positioning systems (GPS), the significance of location-based services (LBS) has taken centre stage. Google maps, Facebook places and Foursquare are but a few of the locative media, a phenomenon creating new forms of co-presence that disrupt old binaries between online and off-line. In this transformation, a paradoxical relationship between identity, personalization and place occurs. On one hand, we see new ways for engaging with people, place and co-presence. On the other hand, we see the potential for corporations to create new levels of surveillance – a type of 'überveillence' – that put into question individual's sense of privacy and identity. If 'social networking sites don't publicize community, they privatize it' as Andrejevic notes, then second-generation locative media further challenge these distinctions. In this paradoxical struggle, we see that locative media highlight the pivotal role place has played in the evolution of mobile media practices. In each location, various factors such as sociocultural and technonational inform the types of media practices. One location experiencing a covert paradoxical struggle with locative media is South Korea. As one of the centres for technological innovation and tech-savvy youth, Seoul provides a fascinating case study for the tensions around localized notions of identity, privacy and sociality as it plays out through locative media.


In high power solid state lasers, thermal lens effect always give rise to the multi-modes oscillation in the resonator. The beam quality will deteriorate with the increase of output power. In this paper, an intra-cavity beam shaper is introduced to actively compensate the thermal lens in the laser resonator. One round trip ABCD matrix of the resonator with an intra-cavity beam shaper and thermal lens is calculated. The design parameters with wide stable zone are concluded through the ABCD matrix. The mode size and stability diagram of the resonator are calculated under different focal length of the thermal lens. The relationship between the adjustment of the intra-cavity beam shaper and the mode size under different thermal lenses are concluded, and general method to actively control the modes contents by adjusting the intra-cavity beam shaper is introduced. The effectiveness and performance of active mode control with the intra-cavity beam shaper are verified by simulations of the output modes of resonators. It shows that the M2 factor is well maintained below 1.6 even the focal length of the thermal lens changes from 5m to 0.5m.


The aim of this discussion paper is to suggest a framework for the evaluation of policy instruments designed to affect development and dissemination of new energy technologies, e.g energy efficiency technologies. The proposed evaluation approach is based on the analysis of policy outcome as a complement to the more conventional impact assessments, e.g. saved energy and emission reductions. With the suggested evaluation approach policy instruments are analysed based on selected outcome indicators. Outcome indicators allow analysis of the outcome scope , i.e. describing changes in the socio-technical energy system. The different phases of an outcome-based evaluation process are presented and the advantages and disadvantages of the proposed approach are discussed. Disadvantages associated with the approach are for example complexity, possible high cost and the requirement of qualified evaluators. Despite these shortcomings, it is argued that evaluations using outcome indicators have several advantages compared to more traditional evaluations focused on impact assessment. The main argument is that the information of the continuous performance of policy instruments and their effects on the introduction and dissemination of new energy technologies, provided by this evaluation approach, is essential for an improved adoption and implementation of energy and climate policy.


prevention. However, 72% never made the diagnosis of PPA deficiency. Regarding extreme obstacles in making this diagnosis, 62% reported limited clinic time and 56% reported lack of parental concern. 85% were unaware that ICD-9 codes exist for reimbursement of PPA evaluation and intervention and 80% reported that insufficient insurance reimbursement was an obstacle for properly diagnosing and treating PPA deficiency. Regarding a lack of exercise science education, 81% reported none in medical school and 54% reported none in post-doctoral training. Only 18% reported that a lack of formal training in exercise science or exercise prescription was not an obstacle to PPA evaluation during an office visit. CONCLUSION: Nearly all of physicians surveyed reported a perceived importance of PPA evaluation and intervention. However, the majority of physicians surveyed have never made a diagnosis of exercise deficiency in children. This is likely related to a lack of concern regarding PPA in the normal weight child, financial concerns surrounding clinic time and reimbursement, and a lack of medical education in exercise science.


evaluate the probability of occurrence of each of the policy scenarios; (2) to estimate the expected impacts, in terms of variation from a business-as-usual baseline policy scenario, on various forest sector parameters (forest area, production, trade and consumption of forest products); and (3) to identify the specific driving forces for each of the expected policy scenarios. The analytical outcomes were grouped into five policy scenario packages. The main reason for this grouping was to combine similar scenario areas in terms of issues, concerned stakeholders and policy experts dealing with these issues.


For the past 20 years, astronomers have had compelling evidence that there is more to the universe than meets the eye: About 90% of the mass of the universe seems to be invisible. This "dark matter" could consist of dim stars, not bright enough to be seen from Earth. It could simply be neutrinos. But there is a more exotic alternative: Dark matter could be made up of massive particles yet to be discovered, collectively known as WIMPs, and a new wave of experiments is now coming on line to catch one.


A 48- year- old man presented with lower limb petechiae. A blood count showed WBC 2.97 × 10 9 /l, haemoglobin concentration 61 g/l and platelets 38 × 10 9 /l. A peripheral blood film revealed no blasts or dysplasia. A bone marrow (BM) aspirate showed 12% blasts. Dysplasia was seen in both erythroid and granulocytic lineages. Interestingly, many of the blasts had deep purple inclusions and numer-ous long filamentous projections and a few blasts showed erythrophagocytosis (all images, Wright- Giemsa stain; ×100 objective). Myeloperoxidase (MPO) was negative in the blast cells. The inclusions were MPO negative but posi-tive on periodic acid- Schiff staining. Immunophenotyping of BM showed 4.17% of abnormal cells which were posi-tive for CD33, CD13, CD34, CD117, CD38 and HLA- DR, and negative for CD64, CD14, CD7, CD11b, CD15, CD19, CD36 and CD56. Cytogenetic analysis demonstrated 43~44,XY,add(3)(q21),del(5)(q31),- 7,- 8,del(12)(p11),add(17) (p11)[cp5]/46,XY[11]. A bone marrow trephine biopsy was consistent with a diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndrome with excess blasts 2 (MDS- EB- 2).


The work was aimed at determining the mechanical characteristic for providing a safe resource of composite materials in conditions of fatigue and complex stressed state, under static loads and various (high and low) temperatures. The research also deals with the possibility to forcast mechanical properties of promising materials on the development stage.


The formation of higher alcohols or fusel oil during the fermentation of grape musts was greatly increased under vigorously aerobic conditions compared to anaerobic fermenations. In one free-run must the increase was sevenfold, but it was usually about double the amounts formed under anaerobic conditions. Naturally occurring suspended solids also stimulate higher alcohol formation. Isobutyl and isoamyl alcohols accounted for most of the increase resulting from either aerobic conditions or the presence of suspended matter for which the amounts of n -propyl and active amyl alcohols were little changed. Both grape skins and inert solids stimulated higher alcohol formation. Evidence was obtained to indicate that the influence of suspended solids was attributable to adsorbed oxygen. Very high levels of acetoin and diacetyl were formed under aerobic conditions, and significant amounts of these compounds were found in some submerged culture "flor" sherries.


The printed log-periodic antenna used in seeker was analyzed by FDTD and zigzag dipole was introduced to reduce the antenna size and meet the practical application. Experiment antenna is fabricated and measurement shows this antenna is applicable to seeker with good performance.


In this paper, we are interested in the transition between regimes where either visco-thermal or multiple scattering effects dominate for the propagation of acoustic waves through a 2D regular square array of rigid cylinders embedded in air. An extension of the numerical method using Schlomilch series is performed in order to account for visco-thermal losses. Comparison with experimental data and results from classical homogenization theory allows to study the transition between a low frequency limit (where viscous and thermal effects dominate) and a high frequency regime (where multiple scattering effects become predominant). For this particular geometry, a large frequency domain where visco-thermal and multiple scattering effects coexist is found.


Abstract We present an early-look analysis of the "Cosmic Skidmark". Discovered following visual inspection of the Geach, Murphy & Bower (2011) SDSS Stripe 82 cluster catalogue generated by ORCA (an automated cluster algorithm searching for red-sequences; Murphy, Geach & Bower 2012), this z = 0.19 1.4L⋆ galaxy appears to have been caught in the rare act of transformation while accreting onto an estimated 1013–1014h−1 M⊙-mass galaxy group. SDSS spectroscopy reveals clear signatures of star formation whilst deep optical imaging reveals a pronounced 50 kpc cometary tail. Pending completion of our ALMA Cycle 2 and IFU observations, we show here preliminary analysis of this target.


The dramatic productions of Jean-Francois-Louis Nepomucene Lemercier (1771-1840) reveal a transition between Neoclassicism, Preromanticism and Romanticism. This writer and academician witnessed the political and social upheavals that characterized France from the twilight of the Enlightenment until the July Revolution and thereafter. The span of his life and works amply exceeds the "long Eighteenth Century" that literary historians have extended to 1820 (Claude Pichois). This dissertation includes two main parts: a monographic study of Lemercier's dramatic production and a critical edition of the playwright's major works, Agamemnon (1797), one of the most successful tragedies during the "Directoire" and to 1826; and Pinto, a "historical comedy" composed between 1798 and 1800, and which was seen as a "romantic" triumph in 1834. Lemercier has often been regarded as the author of one of the last classical tragedies (Agamemnon i.e.); nevertheless, in spite of being, at times, one of Romanticism's fiercest detractors, he emerges in Nineteenth century criticism – and above all in Schlegel's writings – as one of the most influential pioneers of romantic drama. The intrinsic ambiguity of Lemercier's dramatic production reveals the uncertainties of this transitional age. This ambiguity thus demands a holistic approach: the context of Lemercier's literary works will be analyzed from an esthetic, historical and political point of view, emphasizing their intricate relationships with literary and political authorities and censorship issues throughout the period.


During the signal identification process, massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems must manage a high quantity of matrix inversion operations. To prevent exact matrix inversion in huge MIMO systems, several strategies have been presented, which can be loosely classified into similarity measures and evolutionary computation. In the existing Neumann series expansion and Newton methods, the initial value will be taken as zero as a result wherein the closure speed will be slowed and the prediction of the channel state information is not done properly. In this paper, fish swarm optimization algorithm is proposed in which initial values are chosen optimally for ensuring the faster and accurate signal detection with reduced complexity. The optimal values are chosen between 0 to 1 value and the initial arbitrary values are chosen based on number of input signals. In the proposed work, Realistic condition based channel state information prediction is done by using machine learning algorithm. Simulation results demonstrate that the suggested receiver's bit error rate performance characteristics employing the Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) methodology outperform the existing Neumann series expansion and Newton methods.


The inhibitory 2DL1 and activating 2DS1 killer Ig-like receptors (KIR) both have shared ligand specificity for codon sequences in the C2 group HLA-Cw Ags. In this study, we have investigated NK cell activation by allogeneic target cells expressing different combinations of the HLA-KIR ligand groups C1, C2, and Bw4. We demonstrate that fresh NK cells as well as IL-2-propagated NK cells from 2DS1 -positive donors that are homozygous for the C1 ligand group are activated in vitro by B lymphoblastoid cell lines expressing the C2 group. This response is, in part, due to the absence of C1 group recognition mediated by the inhibitory receptor 2DL2/3. This "missing self" alloresponse to C2, however, is rarely observed in NK cells from donors lacking 2DS1 . Even in presence of 2DS1 , the NK alloresponse is dramatically reduced in donors that have C2 group as "self." Analysis of selected NK clones that express 2DS1 mRNA and lack mRNA for 2DL1 demonstrates that activation by the C2 ligand and mAb cross-linking of 2DS1 in these clones induces IFN- (cid:1) . Furthermore, this C2 group-induced activation is inhibited by Abs to both HLA class I and the receptor. Collectively, these studies demonstrate that NK cells from 2DS1 -positive donors are activated by target cells that express the C2 group as an alloantigen. This leads to increased IFN- (cid:1) -positive fresh NK cells and induces NK allocytotoxicity in IL2-propagated polyclonal NK cells and NK clones. This study also provides support for the concept that incompatibility for the HLA-KIR ligand groups C1 , C2 , and Bw4 dominates NK alloactivation in vitro. The Journal of Immunology, 2007, 179: 854–868. our studies is mediated by the direct activation of 2DS1 by allogeneic C2 Ag. Our results support the concept that C2 Ag binding to 2DS1 contributes to the alloactivation of 2DS1- positive NK cells in addition to "missing self" recognition. We demonstrate that polyclonal IL-2 propagated NK cells derived from Bw4 homozygous, C1 homozygous donors are cytotoxic against C1/C2 heterozygous target cells, whereas no cytotoxicity was obtained against the C1 group homozygous targets. This NK alloresponse cannot be fully explained by the "missing HLA-KIR ligand group" on the target cells because both effector and target express Bw4 and C1. The results do not exclude a contribution by other interactions, because both the effector cells and the target cells in our in vitro assays express additional pairs of activating and inhibiting receptor ligands. We also demonstrate that some EB6-positive NK clones express mRNA for 2DS1 but no mRNA for 2DL1. In addition we present data on 14 EB6 positive NK clones with cytotoxicity against C2 group homozygous BLCLs. This allocytotoxicity was significantly reduced by mAb blocking of receptor (mAb EB6) or ligand (mAb 4E). Some of these NK clones were also tested for mRNA expression of 2DS1 and 2DL1. There were rare clones that were cytolytic to C2-positive targets and expressed mRNA for both the activating and the inhibiting EB6 positive receptors, but the majority of the EB6-positive clones with anti-C2 group cytotoxicity expressed only mRNA for 2DS1 and not for 2DL1. The combination of (1) EB6 positivity (2), anti-C2 group cytotoxicity (3), mRNA for 2DS1 without mRNA for 2DL1 (4), and the inhibition of cytotoxicity by EB6 and anti-HLA class I strongly supports the concept that C2 Ag binding to 2DS1 contributes to the activation of these NK cells. In the present study


hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms Background: The aim of this study was to compare the long-term outcomes of ab externo trabeculotomy in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and uveitic glaucoma (UG). Design: This was a retrospective single-center case series study. Participants: Twenty eyes of 17 patients with POAG and 22 eyes of 18 patients with UG were included in this study. Patients and methods: The medical records of all consecutive patients with POAG and UG who underwent ab externo trabeculotomy since 2004 were reviewed. Main outcome measure: The main outcome measure was change in median intraocular pressure (IOP). Success was defined as IOP #21 mmHg (success 1) and IOP #21 mmHg and at least 25% reduction from baseline (success 2). Seven eyes in the UG group failed within the first year after surgery compared to none in the POAG group. Of these, four eyes had Fuchs' uveitis syndrome and two had granulomatous uveitis. No sight-threatening complications occurred in both POAG and UG groups. Conclusion: Ab externo trabeculotomy effectively reduced IOP in both UG and POAG groups. However, the success rates in the UG group were significantly lower due to the high failure rate in patients with Fuchs' uveitis syndrome and granulomatous uveitis. The procedure demonstrated a high safety profile in both UG and POAG patients.


Research indicates that individuals with Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) are more likely to offend, and that some ACEs, such as offending and child maltreatment, are transmitted from one generation to the next. However, the extent to which ACEs are transferred across generations and its subsequent impact on offending has not been examined. Using data from the Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development, this study examined the intergenerational transmission of ACEs and the extent to which this was associated with offending in the second generation. Although parental ACEs increased the likelihood of the subsequent generation's ACEs, other risk factors attenuated this effect. Additionally, ACEs' impact on the second generation's convictions was also weakened after controlling for other risk factors. This provides evidence of intergenerational transmission of ACEs and additionally the effects of ACEs on the risk of offending. However, these associations are not straightforward and other risk factors likely play an important role in elucidating these relationships.


In this paper the author seeks to examine if the interest rates and interest rate volatilities have any impact on the Islamic and conventional stock indices returns and return volatilities respectively, in Malaysia and the United States. The author also aims to establish which of the various monetary policy variables have larger impact on the Islamic indices returns and their volatilities in these two countries and if investing in Islamic indices offer a good hedge against inflation.


I propose to confine my remarks to varices occurring elsewhere than in the anal canal, and, in order not to provoke too wide a discussion, to consider chiefly varicose veins in the lower limb ; but it is necessary to remember that they may be met with in the pampiniform plexus, in the lower oesophageal region, occasionally in the walls of the chest or abdomen, and in the scalp, and also that they are not very uncommon in both the cranial and spinal parts of the pia mater. The fact that varicosity may affect the veins of the pia mater indicates a developmental. origin, and the view, therefore, that varicose veins in the legs are the result of the upright posture anid occupational factors such 4s prolonged standing would appear to be incomplete unless the influence of a congenital factor is assumed to be present also. It is probable that posture, by throwing an increased strain upon the unsupported leg veins, is contributory, but since varicose veins are occasionally found in quadrupeds such as horses the upright posture in man cannot be held to be solely responsible, while their occurrence in the meninges and the fact that many people who do prolonged standing go through life without developing varicose veins would further discount the effect of the upright position as the all-important factor in aetiology. That a primary congenital defect, whether in the venous walls, in the valves, or in the innervation of the veins themselves, is not the whole story is apparent from the fact that we do not find varicose veins in the legs of infants. Their frequent occurrence during pregnancy emphasizes the importance of an obstructive factor and possibly an endocrine one also, since varicosities sometimes appear quite early in pregnancy. Whether the weakness of the venous walls is df an inflammatory or non-inflammatory character, whether it is due to lack of nerve tonus or vaivular insufficiency, or is the result of a form of new growth comparable to an angioma, is debatable, but in the case of the leg veins there can be no doubt of the influence


BACKGROUND: Persistent HPV infection can lead to high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) in cervical cells; current treatments are exclusively ablative which can lead to long-term reproductive morbidity. VB10.16, an investigational immunotherapy designed to treat precancers and cancers induced by HPV16, is a highly potent DNA plasmid vaccine with intrinsic adjuvant effect designed for efficient delivery of antigens E6 and E7 from HPV16 to elicit strong immune responses. Here we explored in a first in human clinical study the safety/tolerability, immunogenicity and efficacy of VB10.16 in patients with HPV16+ CIN 2/3. METHODS: Safety, efficacy and immunogenicity of VB10.16 were assessed in patients with HPV16+ associated CIN2/3 in an exploratory open-label phase I/2a study. 16 patients were enrolled and treated in the dosing phase to assess two different vaccination schedules (week 0, 3, 6 or week 0, 4, 12) and 17 patients completed four injections with VB10.16 in the subsequent expansion cohort (dosed week 0, 3, 6 and 16). VB10.16 is delivered i.m. using the needle-free PharmaJet™ Stratis injector device. The trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02529930). RESULTS: Vaccinations were well tolerated. The AEs were mainly mild to moderate and related to the injection site. No SAEs or DLTs were reported. A strong HPV16-specific T cell response (IFN-γ ELISpot) was observed correlating with lesion size regression. Mean T cell response was stronger in patients dosed with shorter intervals. Mean peak response was observed at week 24 when a boost vaccination was administrated in week 16. Flow cytometric analysis revealed the induction of HPV16-specific CD8(+) T cells. Interim analysis of 17 patients in the Expansion cohort 8 weeks after last dose (week 24), demonstrated regression in lesion size in 14 patients and in lesion grade (CIN1/0) in 8 patients. 15 patients were assessed as responders (PR/CR) by investigator. Patients not achieving CIN1/0 at week 24 had persistent other high-risk HPV infections or locally upregulated PD-L1 which might be induced by the strong immune response elicited by the vaccine. CONCLUSION: We report strongly encouraging phase 1/2a safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity results for a therapeutic HPV16 DNA plasmid vaccine VB10.16. These data demonstrate that VB10.16 is capable of eliciting CD8+ T cells and driving robust immune responses to antigens from HPV16 contributing to elimination of HPV16-infected cells, subsequent regression in lesion size and grade in treated CIN2/3 patients. Up-regulation of PD-L1 argues for the rationale for investigating the combination of checkpoint inhibitors with VB10.16 in HPV16-associated cancers in future trials. Citation Format: Peter Hillemanns, Karl Ulrich Petry, Linn Woelber, Gerd Bohmer, Elisabeth Stubsrud, Irene Skjorestad, Karoline Schjetne, Agnete Fredriksen, Mads Axelsen. Safety, efficacy and immunogenicity of VB10.16, a therapeutic DNA vaccine targeting human papillomavirus (HPV) 16 E6 and E7 proteins for high grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN 2/3): 6-month data from an exploratory open-label phase I/2a trial [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr CT209.


Endothelial dysfunction plays a key role in the pathogenesis of hypertension and represents a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Despite treatment with multiple drugs, only 1 in 4 patients has blood pressure under control. We discovered a new synergistic control point with the potential to address this problem. We have shown that Sirt3 level is reduced in essential hypertension and endothelial Sirt3 overexpression attenuates endothelial dysfunction and hypertension. We proposed that induction endothelial Sirt3 after onset of hypertension rescues endothelial function and reduces hypertension. To test this hypothesis, we used genetic- and pharmacological Sirt3 induction. To genetically induce the expression of endothelial Sirt3 we used Sirt3
 flox/flox
 mice crossed with VeCad-Cre mice treated with low dose of 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4HOT, i.p. 0.3 mg/20 g daily, 5 days) which does not have off-target cardiovascular effects. Mice underwent telemetry placement and ten days later received 4-week osmotic pumps containing vehicle (saline) or angiotensin II (0.7 mg/kg/day). 14-days later half of mice received 4HOT to induce endothelial Sirt3 overexpression. Treatment of mice with 4HOT after onset of hypertension slightly reduced blood pressure but most importantly completely rescued endothelial-dependent relaxation, normalized mitochondrial O
 2
 .
 - and restored endothelial nitric oxide. Second, we tested if pharmacological induction of Sirt3 by hexafluoro (i.p. 8 mg/kg, 4 days) after onset of angiotensin II-induced hypertension improves endothelial function and reduces hypertension. It was found that hexafluoro substantially reduced systolic blood pressure, significantly diminished vascular mitochondrial O
 2
 .
 - and improved endothelial nitric oxide. To test the role of endothelial Sirt3 in pharmacological effect of hexafluoro we used endothelial specific Sirt3 knockout mice and angiotensin II model of hypertension. Interestingly, hexafluoro was not effective in endothelial Sirt3 deficient mice supporting critical role of endothelial Sirt3. These in vivo studies demonstrate therapeutic potential of genetic and pharmacological endothelial Sirt3 induction after onset of hypertension for treatment of endothelial dysfunction.


Solar energy conversion is a nonequilibrium process in which high temperature light is converted into low temperature electrical power. Yet, photovoltaic cells are usually treated in an equilibrium thermodynamics formalism, assuming quasi-equilibrium electron distributions.
I will unravel how different timescales of interaction determine the applicability of quasi-equilibrium models in the photovoltaic concepts of multi-exciton generation, hot carrier, and intermediate band solar cells. In hot carrier solar cells, the sparsity of the solar flux plays a key role in establishing quasi-equilibrium, making the local density of optical states a critical parameter for enabling high efficiencies.


Prudential requirements The federal government agency responsible for the prudential supervision of the superannuation industry is the Australian Prudential Regulation


The experiment was conducted on Rawa area at AL-Anbar Governorate- Iraq, during the 2021 and 2022 seasons by using 72 olive trees (cultivar Ashrasi) treated with 0, 15, and 25 kg per olive tree from composted of common reed waste + cow, sheep, and poultry manure, also tree treated with 0 and 50 liters from aqueous extract of compost. The results of the statistical analysis showed that: The treatment of 25 kg.tree−1 from compost consisting of 80% common reed waste with 20% poultry manure with 50 liters of aqueous extract of the compost led to a highly significant improvement in vegetative growth traits (shoots length, number of leaves per shoots and leaf area), concentration of chlorophyll and leaf mineral content (N, P, and K) compared with control treatment during 2021 and 2022 seasons.


The presence of edge dislocation in crystalline materials plays an important role in physical properties, mainly in those related to plastic deformation [1]. In graphene and graphene-like materials, and because its 2D nature, dislocations acting as charge scattering and trapping sites might influence their electrical, magnetic and optical properties, which in turn may affect the efficiency of devices developed for practical applications [2].


The article highlights the problem of formation of national identity of student youth, analyzes the current state and prospects of this problem, and examines the effective ways of this phenomenon development through the educational potential of educational discipline ethnopsychology. The author shares his own experience in conducting classes, which may be useful to teachers of this subject, effective forms and methods of national identity of person formation in practical classes on ethnopsychology.


In horses, paranasal sinuses form an elaborate system of interconnected cavities in the viscero‐and neurocranium. These sinuses are clinically significant, because sinus infections can affect vital structures, such as the optic nerve. To treat sinus infections, bony landmarks are used, such as the nasoincisive notch, for locating and accessing the sinuses via trepanation. In order to better understand the topographic and age‐related changes of the paranasal sinuses in relation to bony landmarks, we evaluated the postnatal development of the sinuses in horses, ages ranging from 3 days to 31 years old, via 3D reconstruction based on CT images. This non‐invasive method of virtual dissection avoids artifacts, such as those incurred due to incomplete filling of corrosion casts, because the paranasal sinuses can be segmented and reconstructed in their entirety. The reconstructed dimensions of the various paranasal sinuses are correlated to the growth of the cranium, as well as to the age of the horse, to determine whether there are size‐or age‐specific topographic relationships. For example, in the 6 years between 3‐year and 9‐year old horses, the volume of the caudal maxillary sinus increases 5 times, whereas the volume of the sphenopalatine sinus increases only 3 times and the volume of the neurocranial cavity increases only about 10 %. This study may also contribute to the understanding of NO production in the sinuses.


(1) Background: Motion planning is an important part of exoskeleton control that improves the wearer's safety and comfort. However, its usage introduces the problem of trajectory planning. The objective of trajectory planning is to generate the reference input for the motion-control system. This review explores the methods of trajectory planning for exoskeleton control. In order to reduce the number of surveyed papers, this review focuses on the upper limbs, which require refined three-dimensional motion planning. (2) Methods: A systematic search covering the last 20 years was conducted in Ei Compendex, Inspect-IET, Web of Science, PubMed, ProQuest, and Science-Direct. The search strategy was to use and combine terms "trajectory planning", "upper limb", and "exoskeleton" as high-level keywords. "Trajectory planning" and "motion planning" were also combined with the following keywords: "rehabilitation", "humanlike motion", "upper extremity", "inverse kinematic", and "learning machine ". (3) Results: A total of 67 relevant papers were discovered. Results were then classified into two main categories of methods to plan trajectory: (i) Approaches based on Cartesian motion planning, and inverse kinematics using polynomial-interpolation or optimization-based methods such as minimum-jerk, minimum-torque-change, and inertia-like models; and (ii) approaches based on "learning by demonstration" using machine-learning techniques such as supervised learning based on neural networks, and learning methods based on hidden Markov models, Gaussian mixture models, and dynamic motion primitives. (4) Conclusions: Various methods have been proposed to plan the trajectories for upper-limb exoskeleton robots, but most of them plan the trajectory offline. The review approach is general and could be extended to lower limbs. Trajectory planning has the advantage of extending the applicability of therapy robots to home usage (assistive exoskeletons); it also makes it possible to mitigate the shortages of medical caregivers and therapists, and therapy costs. In this paper, we also discuss challenges associated with trajectory planning: kinematic redundancy and incompatibility, and the trajectory-optimization problem. Commonly, methods based on the computation of swivel angles and other methods rely on the relationship (e.g., coordinated or synergistic) between the degrees of freedom used to resolve kinematic redundancy for exoskeletons. Moreover, two general solutions, namely, the self-tracing configuration of the joint axis and the alignment-free configuration of the joint axis, which add the appropriate number of extra degrees of freedom to the mechanism, were employed to improve the kinematic incompatibility between human and exoskeleton. Future work will focus on online trajectory planning and optimal control. This will be done because very few online methods were found in the scope of this study.


We optimize finite-time stochastic heat engines with a periodically scaled Hamiltonian under experimentally motivated constraints on the bath temperature T and the scaling parameter λ . We present a general geometric proof that maximum-efficiency protocols for T and λ are piecewise constant, alternating between the maximum and minimum allowed values. When λ is restricted to a small range and the system is close to equilibrium at the ends of the isotherms, a similar argument shows that this protocol also maximizes output power. These results are valid for arbitrary dynamics. We illustrate them for an overdamped Brownian heat engine, which can experimentally be realized using optical tweezers with stiffness λ .


FIELD: process engineering. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to metal sheet 1 intended for rubbing with first outer surface 7 and second outer surface 7, and core area between said surfaces. Rubbing material comprises absorbing fibers 4 and non absorbing fibers 5, 6. Rubbing material 1 has stratified with fiber gradient and higher content of absorbing and not absorbing fibers on rubbing material outer surfaces 7 compared with core area. EFFECT: higher rubber properties. 23 cl, 5 dwg


This paper studies the problem of finding efficient deletion algorithms for the coalesced hashing method, in which a portion of memory (called the address region) serves as the range of the hash function while the rest of memory (called the cellar) is devoted solely to storing records that collide when inserted. We present a deletion algorithm, which solves the open problem described in [Knu73, §6.4-23]. The main result of this paper, Theorem 3, shows that the deletion algorithm preserves randomness for the special case of standard coalesced hashing, in that deleting a record is in some sense like never having inserted it. This means that the formulas for the search times (which are analyzed in [Vit80a] and [Vit80b]) are still valid after deletions. There is as yet no known deletion algorithm that preserves randomness for the general case (when there is a cellar). We give some reasons why and then discuss some heuristics that seem to make deletions practical anyway.