The paper attempts to analyse the intelligibility of dialectal discourse. The analysis is based on anonymous questionnaires designed according to the principles suggested by Dennis R. Preston. The experiment was performed in several ethnic regions of Lithuania. Its overall sample includes 548 respondents. The a priori conceptualization of dialect intelligibility is related to a particular native polyglot horizon of the respondents. Only 1.39% of all female respondents and 2.39% of all male respondents a priori regard dialectal speech as completely unintelligible. Their comments help identify the image of dialectal speech within the following scenario: if I do not understand dialect X, no dialectal expression is intelligible . 69.44% of the female respondents and 59.62% of the male respondents think that dialectal speech is only partially intelligible . 19.44% of the female respondents and 20.77% of the male respondents claim that dialectal speech is nearly unintelligible . Thus dialectal speech could be described as partially intelligible due to its affinity to standard language (Mar6M10: part of the vocabulary is similar to that of standard language ) or to the respondent's language (KauĄžM23: because the majority of words sound alike ). Such arguments regarding the intelligibility of dialectal discourse are based on deductive reasoning (UkmDM32: since this language is nonetheless Lithuanian and therefore intelligible ). Only 9.72% of the female respondents and 16.92% of the male respondents regarded dialectal speech as easily intelligible . However, such data is not enough to qualify dialectal speech as a speech code which does not require adequate knowledge and competence. Such distribution of the responses leads to a conclusion that young language users are not merely passive supporters of their own speech code. In fact, while qualifying dialectal speech as a distinct code of others mainly represented by the elder members of the speech community, young respondents place their own speech code in opposition to the described dialectal speech code. The data also shows that distinguishing young representatives of a particular region of Lithuania as those who understand the code of their native dialect better than any other member of the language community is hardly possible.


A network system that comprises a plurality of communication apparatuses, each of the communication apparatuses being capable of performing a VLAN setting by using a VLAN number set for a connection port, that sets a VLAN number for each of the communication apparatuses, and that performs communication among cars of a train, wherein in a case where a specific type of packet that disables a VLAN setting is a packet of a multicast address, when a distribution target apparatus is connected to a communication apparatus that has received the specific type of packet, the communication apparatus transfers the specific type of packet to the distribution target apparatus and, irrespective of a VLAN number set for another communication apparatus, regards a VLAN different from a VLAN of the communication apparatus as a same network and transfers the specific type of packet to the another communication apparatus.


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To make the energy market reliable and transactions deliverable, transmission owners must provide the necessary ancillary services that are critical to ensure transmission open access and power quality. Spinning reserve is one of the important ancillary services to maintain system reliability in the case of a contingency. By definition, spinning reserve is the unloaded section of synchronized power that is able to respond immediately to serve the load, and is fully available within ten minutes. Since the spinning reserve must be provided by synchronized units (pumped hydro units and/or interruptible load for some ISOs), these units can either provide energy or spinning reserve or both based on their bids. Study shows that spinning reserve requirements have significant impacts on the energy market. Transmission congestion may reallocate spinning reserve among generators to release the overloads. Different market structures for spinning reserve have been investigated and illustrated by a small example. Different ISO's (California, PJM, New York, and New England) practices on spinning reserve market have been summarized and commented upon. A new spinning reserve market structure is proposed to better utilize the available resources to meet load and spinning reserve requirement with the transmission constraints.


Uptake hydrogenase in Azospirillum lipoferum and A. amazonense was studied in vivo under N2-fixing and NH4Cl-grown conditions. N2-flxing cultures of both A. lipoferum and A. amazonense showed significant uptake-hydrogenase activities which reached their maximum in late log phase, N2-fixing A. amazonense had 5 times higher H2 uptake activity than N2-fixing A. lipoferum. Uptake-hydrogenase activities of both species were negligible in NH4Cl-grown cells. However, sparging with H2 during growth caused over a 100-fold induction of uptake-hydrogenase activities, and prolonged the activities into stationary phase, suggesting that hydrogenase synthesis requires exogenous H2 as inducer. Oxygen-dependent uptake-hydrogenase activity in A. amazonense was almost unaffected by 20 kPa O2, whereas in A. lipoferum and A. brasilense activities were inhibited by 40 and 100%, respectively, in 20 kPa O2. Air caused a strong repression of hydrogenase synthesis in both species. Nitrogenase was roughly equally O2 sensitive in al...


As a result of economic and workforce trends, there is a strong interest among policy makers and educational stakeholders in graduating more engineers with entrepreneurship skills and an entrepreneurial mindset. Given the role that ABET accreditation takes in shaping undergraduate engineering curriculum, wide adoption of entrepreneurship education could be driven by demonstrating the manner in which its outcomes align with accreditation mandates. This work in progress describes research taking place that is designed to develop a robust rationale for aligning entrepreneurship education with ABET Criterion 3 a-k, and to provide examples of the manner in which entrepreneurship-related outcomes can meet these criteria.


Thermally induced stress and the relevant warpage caused by inappropriate mold design and processing conditions are problems that confound the overall success of injection molding. The numerical simulation with the finite element method is studied in this article to predict thermally induced warpage and residual stress of injection-molded parts generated during the cooling stage of the injection-molding cycle. A thermorheologically simple two-dimensional thermoviscoelastic material model is used in the numerical computing. The initial temperature field of the analysis corresponds to the end of the filling stage. The fully time-dependent algorithm is based on the calculation of the elastic response at every time step. Numerical results are discussed with respect to temperature and pressure, and compared with the experiment results in Santhanam and Wang.[14] © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 20: 14–21, 2001


The higher vocational colleges are the important carriers of our higher education.It is closest with the market economy development union.Compared with ordinory university,the vocational colleges pay more attention to the professional skills and morals.They play a very important role in the local economy development.Therefore,we must take the science development view as the instruction,thoroughly explore the vocational service function in how to serve the local economy and the livelihood of people.


Indonesian politeness system is one of among the most complicated and systematic politeness system in the world. In fact, it is hardly to define what Indonesian politeness is and how it works due to the huge diversity featuired by the 583 ethnic languages and dialects existed in the country. Other important considerations are the large number of  communities of practice existed in the society. Two important sources of inspiration to the Indonesia politeness system are: Islamic religion and cultural values. Watts's approach on research on linguistic politeness is relevant as to how to define the Indonesian politeness system by considering the differences between the politic and  polite behavior as well as the socially stricted and individually chosen strategies. Kata Kunci : politic behavior , p olite behavior , socially-stricted utterances , strategically-chosen utterances , comm unity of practice .


We would like to add a case report to the literature in response to the letter by Behrbohm et al. [1], who described a transplanted liver recipient with co-morbidity of multiple sclerosis (MS). We report for the first time on a patient with disseminated encephalitis and diabetic nephropathy who successfully underwent combined renal/ pancreas transplantation. Combined renal/pancreas transplantation has evolved as an excellent treatment option for patients with diabetic nephropathy. According to recent developments, this was achieved by several improvements in surgical techniques, immunosuppression, and patient care [2–4]. Of note, co-occurrence of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and MS has been recently reviewed [5]. Diabetes mellitus causes severe neurological complications including peripheral neuropathy or autonomic failure. For patients with other neurological disorders this can add up to severe debilitation and immobilization with significant diminution in quality of life. In these patients combined renal/pancreas transplantation might be associated with an increased risk for surgical and infectious complications, however, if transplantation is successful, they would significantly benefit from this therapy [6]. Only few patients with MS thus far have undergone solid-organ transplantation [1,7,8]. Arguments against transplanting these patients include possible requirement for interferon therapy and the subsequent risk of triggering organ rejection. Additionally, the unpredictable course of MS and limited life expectancy raise debate over the potential waste of an organ of which another individual could have benefited more effectively. Finally, if the initial transplantation were successful, there may be an impaired ability to cope with secondary surgical or medical complications in the setting of neurological impairment. Conversely, it has been hypothesized that the required immunosuppression following solid-organ transplantation might have a beneficial effect on the course of MS [9–11]. Significant clinical improvement or even complete remission of MS following liver transplantation has been reported [1,7]. Our patient was a 40-year-old male who was listed for combined renal/pancreas transplantation for diabetic nephropathy in July 2002. He had been diagnosed with IDDM in 1969 at the age of 7 years and end-stage renal failure in 2002. His co-morbidities included diffuse coronary artery disease (CAD) and hypertension. In 1993, the patient presented with optic neuritis, and the diagnosis of MS was obtained by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and cerebrospinal fluid examination. Treatment with Glatiramer (Copaxone ; Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd, Utrecht, the Netherlands) at a dose of 20 mg/day was initiated. In 1996, the patient experienced paresthesias in the right hand. MRI studies demonstrated progression of demyelinated intracerebral lesions. Further neurological and electrophysiological examination revealed profound neuropathy. Interferon was not given since the patient was awaiting organ transplantation. The patient was felt to be physically and mentally fit enough to undergo combined renal/pancreas transplantation, which took place without complication in January 2004. The cold ischemia for the renal graft and the pancreas were 11.7 and 13.6 h respectively. Immunosuppression consisted of anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) induction (4 days ATG Fresenius at a dosage of 4 mg/kg BW), tacrolimus (trough levels of 8–12 ng/ml), sirolimus (trough levels of 6–10 ng/ml) and rapidly tapered steroids; Glatiramer was withdrawn. Somatostatin was given at a dosage of 6 mg/24 h. Perioperative antimicrobial prophylaxis consisted of clindamycin (600 mg q 8 h for 3 days), levafloxacin (400 mg q 12 h for 5 days) and fluconazole (400 mg daily). Initial functioning of the renal graft was poor on account of acute tubular necrosis, however, within 3 weeks the renal graft recovered and diuresis increased to 2000 ml/day and serum creatinine declined to 2 mg/dl. Also the pancreas graft was functioning well and the patient required only minimal exogenous insulin during the immediate postoperative phase. Perioperative complications included a thrombosis of the arteriovenous fistula, which was treated by thrombectomy and a dislocation of the ureteral splint. During the second post-transplant week, the patient developed graft pancreatitis with significant fluid collection, which was drained percutaneously. Specimens grew Candida krusei, which


Since the seventeenth century, the Crónica Mexicayotl, an invaluable account documenting the Mexica Tenochca history, has been attributed either to Domingo de San Antón Muñón Chimalpahin Quauhtle-huanitzin, to Hernando de Alvarado Tezozomoc, or sometimes to both. To examine these attributions, we focus here on the way the document as we know it today was written, pointing out the fact that it was made by assembling material from several heterogeneous sources, among which we find the famous and now lost Crónica X. Important passages allow us to emphasize the role played by Tezozomoc in the composition of the original Crónica Mexicayotl, and to propose with reference to the later version that has reached us, that a considerable number of insertions can be attributed to Chimalpahin. In that regard we present two different hypotheses regarding the relationship of the Crónica Mexicayotl to other works, as well as to the authors Tezozomoc and Chimalpahin.


basic technology, new methodologies, and the nex t generation of trained personnel. Researchers depen d upon industry for the instrumentation needed for thei r investigations and experiments. A strategic economic objective of the United States today is t o maintain its leadership in technology. For scientists and engineers to gain fundamental insights, significant investments are being made i n advanced scientific computing. The authors of this report believ e that support for visualization is the most effective way to leverage thi s investment in national competitiveness. Competitiveness requires a cycle of development that runs faster , and is better targeted, than that of one's competitors. The cycle itsel f depends on a push-pull interaction between industrialists an d researchers. Industry relies on the research community, especiall y the university-based research community, for advances in basi c technology, new methodologies, and the next generation of traine d personnel. Researchers depend upon industry for th e instrumentation needed for their investigations and experiments. If researchers cannot gain access to state-of-the-art instrumentation , research deteriorates. If they are unable to provide new insights an d solutions, they cannot pull industry with new products and industria l processes. The development of research tools more advanced tha n those commonly available in the commercial marketplace — whethe r developed in academia or industry — has to be supported, or th e productive cycle is stymied, industrial advancement slowed, and th e competitive edge lost. Researchers in the discipline sciences and related engineering field s are now starting to utilize many of the visualization technique s developed over the last several decades. They are, however , inhibited by their lack of experience in techniques for compute r manipulation of the visual concepts that are so fundamental to thei r disciplines. More than ever, they now require a means to interact wit h designs and simulate new concepts before building the product s that keep industry competitive. This proposed ViSC initiative focuses on two goals : (1) producing a generation of scientists and engineers trained in visualizatio n techniques who can migrate into industrial and educationa l environments to keep them competitive, and (2) developing a set o f visualization tools, programs and techniques that most fully leverag e the research investment over all the disciplines .


Objective:To explore the protective effect of icariin(ICA) on mice with radiation injury.Methods:50 Kunming mice were randomly divided into 5 groups,and the mice in three experimental groups were given ICA water solution in dose of 20,80,160 mg/kg daily by intragastric administration for 16 days.The mice in two control groups were given the same amount of physiological saline.On the 6th day,the mice of the experimental groups and the radiation control group were given 5.0 Gy of 60Co-γ radiation.After 10 days,hematologic parameters,viscera index,MDA content,SOD and GSH-Px activities of all mice were detected.Results:Compared with the radiation control group,white blood cells and GSH-Px activities of mice in the high dose group were markedly increased(P 0.05),platelets counts was markedly increased(P0.05)and MDA content was markedly decreased(P0.05)in the three experiment groups.Conclusion:ICA could protect mice from radiation damage.


For more than 100 years, the Argentine tango has delighted dancers, musicians and audiences. Most studies of tango in English concentrate on the dance or its cultural implications; only a few consider its musical history and unique performance practice. As one of the few American popular musical styles to feature strings, tango should have a special fascination for readers of this journal. What follows is a brief history of the role of the violin in tango music from its beginnings to the present, along with biographical sketches of the most seminal tango violinists and a guide to the most important performance practice issues. The roots of the word tango are considered by some to be of African origin: tanga in the Ki-Kongo language of West Central Africa can mean drum, dance or place of dance.1 The musical origins of tango lie most certainly in the Afro-Cuban habanera of the mid-19th century, with its characteristic bass rhythm: The Viol in in the Argent ine Tango ¡Che violin!


The role of B cells in the generation of cancer‐immune tolerance is unclear. This study aims to investigate the role of cancer‐derived microvesicles (Mvcs) in the generation of transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β+ B cells. In this study, esophageal cancer (Eca) cells were isolated from surgically removed cancer tissue. Mvcs were purified from the culture supernatant and characterized by Western blotting. The immune suppression assay was carried out with a cell culture model and flow cytometry. The results showed that Eca‐derived Mvcs were LAMP1 positive and carried MMP9. Exposure to the Mvcs induces naive B cells to differentiate into TGF‐β‐producing regulatory B cells; the latter show immune suppressor functions on CD8+ T‐cell proliferation. In conclusion, Eca‐derived Mvc can induce TGF‐β+ B cells; the latter suppress CD8+ T‐cell activities. The MMP9‐laden Mvcs may be a new therapeutic target in the treatment of Eca. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Malaria has been known to students of human disease from the dawn of history. Observers had followed the association between water collections and the prevalence of the disease since early times. The discovery by Ronald Ross, in Secunderabad, of the role of the female Anopheles mosquito in sustaining the infection has become a part of medical lore. The subsequent researchers solved the complex life cycle of the malarial parasite.' Malaria is seen in all the continents to a certain extent. While infections caused by P vivax, P malariae and P ovale are rarely life threatening or overwhelming, P falciparum infections can be fatal due to the peripheral vascular localisation of the mature trophozoites. The placental and juvenile infections by P. falciparum are associated with high mortality, particularly in Sub Saharan Africa. Elsewhere the blockage of cerebral and splanchnic vasculature by parasitised erythrocytes gives rise to the manifestations of Malignant Tertian Malaria. The complex sequence of reactions that result in the clinical manifestations are well described. 2 - 4


The temporal photoacoustic response of dissolved and dispersed absorbers (glucose and colloidal graphite) in aqueous systems have been studied by use of a time resolved technique. The logarithm of the photoacoustic signal amplitude changes linearly with the time delay, with a slope which is proportional to the product of the acoustic velocity and the optical absorption coefficient which can thus be determined. (Received June 29, 2000; Accepted October 27, 2000) The usefulness of the Open Photoacoustic technique In common with conventional absorption spectroscopy, the amount of absorbed optical energy in the photoacoustic process is determined by the optical absorption coefficient, however, the specific heat, thermal expansion coefficient, density, and the bulk modulus of the medium determine the subsequent generation of the photoacoustic wave. This aspect can be used to advantage in the detection of analytes, e.g. hydrocarbons in water [1] and [2] glucose in blood. Although the same spectroscopic features may appear in photoacoustic spectra as in absorption spectroscopy, comparison may be difficult since the relative amplitudes of the spectral peaks may be significantly different due to the involvement of physical parameters. In this paper we suggest that a simple temporal analysis of the rising front of the photoacoustic signal may be correlated with the optical absorption coefficient for both dispersed and dissolved analytes. Theory outline Using the one-dimensional wave equation for particle displacement in a liquid, it has been shown that a solution similar to (1) exists for a rectangular laser pulse of time duration τ and total energy incident energy per unit area Eo [3,4]. It is easily shown that the logarithm of the time resolved pressure pulse amplitude may be represented by:


The modern system of international relations is changing rapidly. The shift of political, economic, military and technological activity towards the East and the South-East Asia leads to the escalation and increase of the role of the irrepressible conflicts. As a result this creates a precedent of their use in the modern policy as an instrument of manipulation of the key actors. Clash of interests between the PRC and the USA in the region of SEA makes the problem of the two Chinas acute and requires solution in the short period of time. The unique approach of forecasting the development of situations on the basis of the mathematical modeling is proposed by authors.


The main objective of this chapter is to provide an analysis on whether mark-to-market accounting magnifies financial crises. Even though the results of numerous studies on this topic offer various conclusions, the majority of them conclude that fair value accounting, or mark-to-market accounting, does not cause financial crises. Most studies that had similar conclusions dealt with the 2006-2008 period, whereas we focus our research on period from 1881 to present day. Primarily, we will point out the historical context of the implementation of mark-to-market accounting and consequences it had. We consider the long term relationship between United States (US) GDP and the S&P 500 index values and key historical developments to conclude that implementation of mark-to-market accounting contributes to creating of asset bubbles and assets overestimations. Even though mark-to-market accounting does not cause financial crises, it does magnify fundamental procyclicality which is inherent in efficient markets


In this paper, a method to design Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) multi-Notch filters based on the design of the denominator of the squared frequency response magnitude is demonstrated. This denominator is expressed as a positive polynomial of x = cos(ω), which is designed by a shape factor and the local maxima positions of the frequency response magnitude. The shape factor can be computed to comply, at any filter gain, with cut-off frequencies or bandwidths specifications for any selection of the local maxima positions. The designed filter is proven to be stable, ripple-free, and to have a realization based on the realization of an all-pass filter; thus, computationally efficient structures can be exploited. The optimal selection of the shape factor and the local maxima positions by using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is also discussed. Finally, the effectiveness and performance of the polynomial design method is illustrated and compared with previous techniques through design examples.


The "Lindstrom strain" represents a union between the 42 chromosomes of bread wheat and a variable number of accessory chromosomes from rye. In order to check the effects of the accessories especially on fertility and vigour, measurements were taken in the Lindstrom strain and Transbaikal rye, the strain representing the donor of the accessories. These chromosomes reduce pollen fertility in the Lindstrom strain at least as efficaciously as in rye. There is also a pronounced negative effect on female fertility, but marked or absolute sterility is attained still more rapidly in varieties of rye. This difference is ascribed to a slight buffering effect of the 42 wheat chromosomes.

In the Lindstrom strain, in contrast to rye, there was a significant positive correlation between acc. chromosomes and vegetative vigour. Probably due to a slight buffering effect of the wheat chromosomes, vegetative vigour is less negatively affected by accessories in the Lindstrom strain than in rye. Increase in straw weight may then result from an indirect effect of the sterility induced by the accessories. The nutrients not utilized for seed production may instead favour vegetative development. In spite of various weak indications of positive functions of accessory chromosomes in rye and some other organisms the present data demonstrate that their primary negative effects are predominant in the Lindstrom strain as well as in rye varieties.


The liquid phase epitaxial growth of InGaPAs layers on (100) GaAs is described for growth temperatures of 785 and 815 °C. Photoluminescence (PL) spectra and electron Hall mobility of the layers are investigated as a function of crystal composition. The width of PL spectra measured at 300 K is 40 meV, approximately the same value as that of GaAs, when the energy gap Eg of the layers is 1.9 eV or lower than 1.6 eV. The spectral width is around 80 meV when the energy gap of the layers is around 1.75 eV. The increase in the spectral width is attributed to variation of the local energy gap from analysis of dependence of the PL spectra on temperature and on excitation intensity. The indication that local energy gap varies in layers with Eg around 1.75 eV is consistent with the composition dependence of electron mobility. The mobility shows a sharp dip down to 1000 cm2/Vs around this composition, while it depends on composition only slightly for layers with Eg lower than 1.6 eV. The dip in composition dependence...


The growth of sweet cherry cultivars Regina, Skeena and Sweetheart was evaluated when grafted onto the Edabriz rootstock and at four planting densities. The trial was set on March 2003 at four locations in the North and Centre of Portugal, with two replications in Caria, Vila Real and Alcongosta and three in Carrazedo de Montenegro. Within row spacing is approximately 5,0 m and plant spacing along the row is 0.7, 1.4, 2.1 and 2.8 m, corresponding to densities of 2600, 1300, 860 and 650 trees/ha, respectively.
The trunk diameter of every plant was measured each year and trunk cross sectional area (TCSA) was calculated. At the end of the second leaf stage, significant differences in growth were already observable, concerning both trial location and plant density. The sweet cherry trees of the C. Montenegro trial grew 76, 36 and 9% more than those of Alcongosta, Vila Real and Caria, respectively, thus trial location accounted for 25% of the expected total variance. Plant density corresponded to 3% of the total variance, and the trees at 0.7 m grew 22% less than those the furthest apart. Results show that cultivars grew poorly when grafted onto this rootstock in Alcongosta and Vila Real. Therefore, in analogous situations, it is important to adjust water and nutrient supply to the specific requirements of the rootstock, so as to better manage vegetative growth and to prepare the trees for their major role: fruit yielding.


The utilisation of amine based solvents such as monoethanolamine (MEA) during the post-combustion CO2 capturing process is of increasing interest. The use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to simulate the process would be advantageous for the optimisation of operating conditions and reactor designs to reduce costs and increase performance. The process requires exhaust fumes to be counter-currently mixed with an MEA solution over a large interfacial area in a large column reactor, known as an absorber. Unfortunately, CFD modelling of the complete process is difficult due to the different scales which need to be considered, such as the near-wall liquid-gas interface, the meso-scale behaviour between the compact structured packing and the large-scale flow dynamics within the complete absorber. The present work looks at the flow dynamics within a meso-scale element of Montz-Pak commercial structural packing. The pressure drop is determined over a range of velocities for different fluid properties and variation of the corrugated inclination angle are considered, which was not carried out previously. The pressure drop data gained could then be implemented into large-scale porosity models in future work. This would be an improvement over previous models which estimated the pressure drop in the structured packing sections of the absorber.


This study analyzes the regulatory and supervisory authority of banks conducted by the Financial Services Authority set out in Law no. 21 of 2011, which was previously undertaken by Bank Indonesia, to apply the principles of prudence and good faith principles to banks to prevent the risk of banking crime. Banking supervision and regulation after the issuance of the Financial Services Authority Law, Bank Indonesia, as the central bank only acts as a monetary policy regulator to maintain monetary stability. The problem in this research is about the concept of law of regulation and supervision of the banking sector by the Financial Services Authority and how the legal relationship with Bank Indonesia. The type of research used is juridical normative, then the data used secondary data and primary data, the approach in this study using a conceptual approach, and comparative approach. Bank Indonesia's regulatory and supervisory duties transferred to Financial Services Authority are only related to micro-prudential, and the banking arrangements by Bank Indonesia are still conducted by Bank Indonesia only macro-prudential, while the regulation of banking by Financial Services Authority is not fully independent.


Background: The kinetic chain theory proposes a functional relationship between the core and extremities, and suggests that optimal shoulder function requires contributions from the lower extremities and core. However, there is lack of robust body of evidence to support core instability and shoulder injuries hypothesis. This study was carried out to find whether lack of core endurance correlate with shoulder dysfunction. Methodology: Twenty male recreational cricket players with mean age of 21.25±2.09 years, playing at collegiate level were recruited in the study. Kerlan-Jobe Orthopaedic Clinic Shoulder and Elbow Score (KJOC) Questionnaire had been used to assess shoulder dysfunction. Assessment of core endurance was carried out by using McGill's torso muscular endurance test battery. Results & Conclusion: Correlation between shoulder dysfunction and trunk flexor endurance with the p value of 0.977 (>0.05), trunk extensor endurance with the p value of 0.183 (>0.05), trunk right side flexor endurance with the p value of 0.505 (>0.05), trunk right side flexor endurance with the p value of 0.680 (>0.05).This study observes no statistical significant correlation between core endurance scores and shoulder dysfunction among recreational cricket players.


This article was prepared by Edna Watson, R.N., 2nd Vice President of the AAIN, for delivery at the organizational meeting of the Missouri Association of Industrial Nurses, held October 15, 1961. Mrs. Watson was unable to attend the meeting and the paper was presented by Helen M. Coates, R.N., of the AAIN Board of Directors.


The Altamira creek basin is located in the eastern part of the Eastern Cordillera and is part of the buffer zone of the Chingaza National Natural Park. The environmental favorable conditions of the basin for the implementation of a payment scheme for environmental services (PSA) are its vegetal coverings of Andean forest, presence of water springs, private properties with strategic areas for conservation, favorable perception of people about the conservation of the basin and presence of activities that generate environmental degradation. The Andean forest covers almost 70% of the basin, while 30% corresponds to pasture coverings for livestock and crops. Six farms with productive activity and strategic importance were identified due to the presence of springs and wetlands in the quotas higher than the catchment point of the San Francisco town aqueduct. Regarding the perceptions of 3 Working Papers ECAPMA water users, it has been found that 100% have improved forest conservation in water recharge zones, but 58% are not willing to pay an additional fee such as a report and an outline of (PSA) mainly because of the bad perception of their aqueduct service and would not know who would manage those resources. These conditions show that there is an environmental service to protect, productive activities that improve and a beneficiary community of water that requires a process of awareness and economic support for a future implementation of a PSA


The global poultry industry is facing severe economic pressure due to high prices of feed ingredients. High soya prices make alternative ingredients more attractive. However, their availability is limited. When partially replacing soya bean meal, DGGS and rape seed meal, both by-products of the biofuel industry are of particular interest. However, their protein digestibility is lower compared to soya and can be more variable. Therefore, all formulations with alternative ingredients must be based on digestible amino acids. Amino acids (AA) are important in poultry nutrition not only for protein deposition, but also for other metabolic functions; such as improving immune and gut function. Recent advances have been made in developing industrial process for economical production of synthetic amino acids. L-Lysine, DL-Methionine, L-Threonine and L-Tryptophan, L-Valine in commercial poultry birds to reduce the feed cost. This has resulted in poultry Nutritionists reducing the crude protein levels while maintaining the bird performance and profitability. This review examines broiler literature on L-Threonine and makes extrapolations relating to commercial conditions. Further functions of L-Threonine in metabolism and threonine content of feedstuffs are discussed.


1 Quantales In this section we introduce the basic deenitions and results of the theory of quantales (a good reference is Ros]). Quantales were introduced by Mulvey ((Mul]) as an algebraic tool for studying representations of non-commutative C-algebras. Informally, a quantale is a complete lattice Q equipped with a product distributive over arbitrary sup's. The importance of quantales for Linear Logic is revealed in Yetter's work ((Yet]), who proved that semantics of classical linear logic is given by a class of quantales, named Girard quantales, which coincides with Girard's phase semantics. An analogous result is obtained for a sort of non-commutative linear logic, as well as intuitionistic linear logic without negation, which suggest that the utilisation of the theory of quantales (or even weaker structures, such that *-autonomous posets) might be fruitful in studying the semantic of several variants of linear logic. As usual, we denote the order in a lattice by , while W and V denote the operations of sup and inf, respectively. We write > for the largest element in a lattice and 0 for its smallest element. Deenition 1.1 A quantale is a complete lattice Q with an associative binary operation : Q Q?! Q , which distributes on the right and on the left of arbitrary sup's, i.e.: Q1] a (b c) = (a b) c, for every a; b; c 2 Q Q2] a (W i2I a i) = W i2I (a a i), (W i2I a i) a = W i2I (a i a) A quantale Q is unital if it has an element 1 2 Q such that a1 = 1a = a, for every a 2 Q. A quantale Q is commutative if a b = b a, for every a, b 2 Q. A morphism of quantales is an operator between quantales which preserves and arbitrary sup's. It's easily seen that the above axioms imply that is increasing in both coordinates, that is If a b then, 8 c 2 Q, a c b c and c a c b We register a classic result:


ADAM (Application of Detectors and Accelerators to Medicine), a CERN spin-off company, is developing the Linac for Image Guided Hadron Therapy, LIGHT, which will accelerate proton beams up to 230 MeV. The design of the linac will allow fast intensity and energy modulation for pencil-beam scanning during cancer treatment. The linac consists of a 40 keV Proton Injector; a 750 MHz Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ) accelerating the proton beam up to 5 MeV; a 3 GHz Side Coupled Drift Tube Linac (SCDTL) up to 37.5 MeV; and a 3 GHz Cell Coupled Linac (CCL) section up to 230 MeV. A prototype of LIGHT is being commissioned progressively with the installation of the accelerating structures at a CERN site. The beam commissioning of the RFQ, which was designed and built by CERN, was completed in 2017 using a movable beam diagnostic test bench with various instruments. This paper reports on the RFQ commissioning strategy and the results of the beam measurements. INTRODUCTION LIGHT is a normal conducting 230 MeV medical proton linear accelerator being constructed by ADAM. The linac structures up to 70 MeV are being installed in the ADAM test facility, at a CERN site, and being commissioned progressively with the increasing beam energy [1, 2]. The first accelerating structure of the LIGHT prototype, a 750 MHz Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ) [3-5], which was designed and produced by CERN, accelerates the proton beam from 40 keV to 5 MeV in only 2 meters. The RFQ is being used as an injector to the subsequent 3 GHz linac section which has strict input requirements in terms of transverse and longitudinal beam emittance. Therefore, it was crucial to determine the RF amplitude set point of the RFQ within the tolerances and measure the output beam properties to ensure high injection efficiency from 750 MHz to 3 GHz. MEASUREMENT SETUP Figure 1 shows the layout of the linac during the beam commissioning of the RFQ at 5 MeV. As it can be seen from the figure, the diagnostic test bench was installed downstream of the Medium Energy Beam Transport (MEBT) where the RFQ and MEBT could be commissioned together. The MEBT houses two permanent magnet quadrupoles, two steering magnets, a beam position monitor (BPM) and an AC beam current transformer. Along with the diagnostic devices on the movable test bench, the permanent diagnostics on the MEBT were also used for the beam commissioning. Figure 1: Layout of the LIGHT structures during the beam commissioning at 5 MeV. Figure 2 shows the movable diagnostic test bench [6] and its components used for the beam commissioning. Each diagnostic box (Dbox) has vertical and horizontal slits followed by a Faraday Cup (FC) for beam profile and beam current measurements. The two Dboxes can be used together for transverse emittance measurements. The spectrometer line of the bench can be used for average energy and energy spread measurements (together with the electromagnetic quadrupoles). In addition, on the straight section of the test bench there are two BPMs, and three phase probes for the time of flight (ToF) measurements. Figure 2: Diagnostic test bench with measurement instruments. RFQ INPUT BEAM AND SIMULATIONS The properties of the beam at the end of the Low Energy Beam Transport (LEBT) section was fully characterized during the source commissioning in 2016. The transverse emittance of the beam was measured 1 cm away ___________________________________________ † email@example.com 9th International Particle Accelerator Conference IPAC2018, Vancouver, BC, Canada JACoW Publishing ISBN: 978-3-95450-184-7 doi:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2018-TUPAF002


Purpose: To collect data on indoor air quality (IAQ) and environmental hygiene in subdivided units (SDUs). Methodologies: Forty-one questionnaires and environmental assessments were conducted from July to September 2013. Twenty of them were spot checked with IAQ parameters. Airborne microbial diversity was analysed. Allergens, endotoxins and glucans in settled dusts were measured in 8 SDUs. Results: Questionnaire results indicated IAQ and hygiene problems. Temperature and relative humidity were the worst performed IAQ parameters, while most SDUs reached Good Class in CO, total VOCs and PM10 levels. Some units had high microbial counts and endotoxin and glucan levels, and showed regional microbial disparity. Discussion: Biological pollution is a concern in SDUs and linked to building, occupant and environmental factors. Conclusions: This study gives some insights into the conditions of SDUs and the unique research needs in this environment.


The ability to quickly adapt to new environments and incorporate new knowledge is of great importance for robots operating in unstructured environments and interacting with non-expert users. This paper reports on our current progress in tackling this problem. We propose the development of a framework for teaching robots to perform tasks using natural language instructions, visual demonstrations and interactive dialogue. Moreover, we present a module for learning objects incrementally and on-the-fly that would enable robots to ground referents in the natural language instructions and reason about the state of the world.


Abstract:This article explores unionist concerns about Irish unity and asks what forms of Irish unity might accommodate those concerns. It also explores the concept of accommodation and the status of unionist fears—do they concern physical or ontological security? Thus the article is concerned with paradigms of thought, the conditions of accommodation, respect and recognition, the nature and meaning of identity, as well as with the institutional and constitutional forms of a possible future united Ireland. It attempts to free a discursive space away from identity politics and to open a wider range of constitutional futures to negotiation and informed choice.


Introduction: One of the most common complaints in pregnancy is sleep disturbances which can cause depression. Depression, too, is one of the most common complaints in pregnancy that can affect mother and fetus and even mother and neonate in postpartum period. Therefore this research was accomplished by the objective assessment of relationship between sleep pattern and depression in the third trimester of pregnancy in pregnant mothers who referred to Mashhad Pregnancy Care Centers (MPCC) in 2002. Materials & Methods : This study was a descriptive, analytic and cross sectional one in which 320 of mothers who were in third trimester of pregnancy and referred to MPCC in 2002 were selected. They had inclusion criteria and hadn't trait depression personality. The data were collected by sleep log score, Beck depression inventory and demographic information and pregnancy history. To analyze the data, t-test, ANOVA and linear regression model were employed. Results: The findings showed that the mean of depression scores was 13.30 ±8.56 and the mean of total sleep scores was 26.05 ±8.75. The results also showed that there was a significant relationship between depression score and total sleep score (P<0.001) and between depression score and sleep duration, quality (P<0.001), insomnia (P<0.001) and day time alertness (P<0.001). Conclusion: Sleep pattern associated with pregnancy was related to depression. So, there should be established supporting and prenatal care for mental health and preventing the side effects of sleep disturbances and depression on pregnancy, delivery, post partum period and health of mothers and neonates


This research is to find out the factors that influence the community Waqf Interest in Lhokseumawe City. The data used are primary data with a sample of 100 respondents. The data analysis method uses multiple linear regression with OLS (Ordinary Least Square) method. The results showed that community religious knowledge had a positive and not significant effect on waqf interest in Lhokseumawe. Perception of Waqf has a positive and insignificant effect on community Waqf Interest in Lhokseumawe City, and Revenue has a positive and insignificant effect on Waqf Community Interest in Lhokseumawe City. The determination test results used were 4%. Keywords: Wakaf Interests, Religiosity Knowledge, Wakif Perception, Income.


Playing outdoors after dark can be exciting and challenging. Julie Mountain advises on making the most of outside spaces all day.


The acknowledgement that texts are materialized in genres encourages a perspective of a language study which does not separate it from this subject – either for the study or for the teaching in its multiple particularities. In this work, we present a reflection about educated and non-educated reading practices from the relationship between the photograph (imagery text) and the following comments. The data analysis highlights that the comprehension strategies that are frequently stimulated by the readers are based on superficial evidences. Besides, the few manifestations of strategies that mobilize other evidences – not always visible – lead to the necessity of a resizing in the way tests are read considering the multimodality, for instance.


The so called Cusp deterministic catastrophe model extends the classical linear regression adding nonlinearity into a model. A property of a stochastic catastrophe model connected with stochastic differential equation could be described by density, which is known in closed-form only in stationary case. The approximation of the transition density is done here by finite difference method. JEL: C01,C53


Trade among Mercosur's members has grown substantially since this common market's creation. However, its relative importance has varied considerably, as it made up a relatively small proportion of ...


essays will contain selections from journal articles rather than new, commissioned papers, thus avoiding the danger of second-rate papers by first-rate men (we suspect there are first-rate papers by first-rate men even now). That it will be the teacher's job, meanwhile, to supply what is wanting is not necessarily disadvantageous. Teaching should be creative, and these books provide the teacher with a foundation on which to build. RENDIGS FELS AND JEFFREY G. WILLIAMSON, Vanderbilt University


Abstract Oil-in-water emulsions, as used in metal working and fire-resistant hydraulic fluids, often show poor lubricating performance and one reason for this is their inability to form effective elastohydrodynamic films. This paper considers how the composition of an oil-in-water emulsion contributes to its lubricating properties. A key factor in oil-in-water emulsion performance lies in the ability of the dispersed oil droplets to wet polar metal surfaces and thus promote full elastohydrodynamic lubrication, without starvation, up to high speeds. In this paper it is shown how this ability can be quantified in terms of measurable surface chemical parameters. Based on this work, three rules for designing lubricious oil-in-water emulsions are proposed. Where possible (a) the emulsifier concentration used should be just below its critical micelle concentration value, (b) the base oil should be polar and (c) the base oil should be viscous. The first two of these factors will promote oil-phase surface wetting while the third will ensure thick-film formation in the full elastohydrodynamic regime.


This paper proposes several ways in which the theory and operationalization of sovereignty in the study of international relations is complicated by the transnational nature of the internet and the architecture of online networks themselves. Basing the analysis in theories of space drawn from critical theory, it analyzes which aspects of sovereignty are more or less affected by internet use, arguing that theories of social space can inform concepts of territoriality in IR. The paper uses the Chinese case as an example throughout, illustrating that existing practices of government and societal actors inside and outside China represent a constantly shifting field for understanding political territoriality in the era of widespread internet use.


The concept of ecosystem services facilitates the valuation of the multiple services from ecosystems and landscapes, the identification of trade-offs between different land use scenarios, and also informs decision making in land use planning. Unfortunately, cultural services have been mostly neglected within the ecosystem services framework. This could result in trade-off assessments which are biased and mislead ecosystem management and landscape planning. However, cultural landscape research approaches have proven valuable in the assessment of different nonmaterial landscape values and cultural services. In this paper, we compare the objectives, approaches, and methodologies adopted by eco system services research and cultural landscape research through a bibliographic research. Both research communities investigate the human dimension of ecosystems and landscapes and, hence, study the same object. A closer link between the two research communities would enrich and possibly sharpen both approaches. In particular, landscape research on cultural services such as aesthet ics or cultural heritage could provide valuable results and methods for a comprehensive assessment of ecosystem services.


1. An Introduction to the Entertainment Industry 2. Staged Story and Variety 3. Music 4. Bars, Pubs and clubs 5. Cinema and Film 6. Broadcast Media 7. Audio-Visual Media 8. The Internet 9. Gaming 10. 10. Printed Media 11. Commercial Gambling 12. Spectator Sports 13. "Thrillertainment" 14. "Edutainment" 15. "Sellertainment" 16. "Culturtainment" 17. Spiritual Entertainment 18. Health Entertainment 19. Adult Entertainment.


Quality function deployment (QFD) is a customerdriven quality management, product and service development system for achieving higher customer satisfaction. This paper suggest a six step model for House of Quality (HOQ), the first and most important phase of QFD, the outcome of which is prioritized Voice of Customers (VOCs) that can be calculated with the help of Relative importance of customers, Customer competitive analysis and Improvement Ratios. In the proposed model, a 9 point scale is used to measure the voice of customers (VOCs) and their relative importance. The customer competitive analysis is conducted and the probabilities of each VOC for all the competitors are considered to assess the standing of each competitor vis-à-vis individual VOC. Normalization of VOCs has been done using mathematical formulae. A thorough explanation is given to understand the concept and applicability of the model to a Sauce manufacturing company. Without loss of generality the proposed model can be used to get the prioritized VOCs for any product.


This paper proposes a new nonlinear visual mapping model for the 3D ro botic visual tracking problem and a novel visual tracking controller is designed based on artificial neural network without explicit external and internal calib ration. Simulation results show that this method can drive the static tracking e rror to zero quickly and keep good robustness and adaptability at the same time. Additionally, the algorithm is very easy to be implemented with low computation al complexity.


Context: Injuries to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) are immediately disabling and are associated with long-term consequences, such as posttraumatic osteoarthritis. It is important to have a comprehensive understanding of all possible risk factors for ACL injury to identify individuals who are at risk for future injuries and to provide an appropriate level of counseling and programs for prevention. Objective: This review, part 2 of a 2-part series, highlights what is known and still unknown regarding hormonal, genetic, cognitive function, previous injury, and extrinsic risk factors for ACL injury. Data Sources: Studies were identified from MEDLINE (1951–March 2011) using the MeSH terms anterior cruciate ligament, knee injury, and risk factors. The bibliographies of relevant articles and reviews were cross-referenced to complete the search. Study Selection: Prognostic case-control and prospective cohort study designs to evaluate risk factors for ACL injury were included in this review. Results: A total of 50 case-control and prospective cohort articles were included in parts 1 and 2. Twenty-one focused on hormonal, genetic, cognitive function, previous injury, and extrinsic risk factors. Conclusions: Several risk factors are associated with increased risk of suffering ACL injury—such as female sex, prior reconstruction of the ACL, and familial predisposition. These risk factors most likely act in combination with the anatomic factors reviewed in part 1 of this series to influence the risk of suffering ACL injury.


With the development of artificial microstructures and photothermal conversion, solar vapor generation (SVG) has become one of the most exciting fields of solar thermal energy utilizations, among which plasmonic photothermal evaporators have garnered tremendous interests. As the most important components of solar evaporators, plasmonic microstructures possess at least three appealing photothermal advantages with respect to traditional solar-thermal conversion devices. Firstly, plasmonic microstructures based solar absorbers can achieve highly efficient light harvesting across the entire solar irradiance spectral range with weighted solar absorptivity up to 95% or even higher. Secondly, plasmonic absorbers possess unique local heating effects which originate from both the material level (plasmonic hot spots effect) and system level (interfacial heating effect). Thirdly, plasmonic microstructures can exhibit tunable absorption and thermal emission properties in full wavelength range (from ultraviolet to mid-infrared), ideal for effective thermal loss suppression. In addition, plasmon-based solar vapor generation is also featured by a couple of pronounced materials and/or chemical priorities, such as effective anti-corrosiveness, strong recyclability as well as fast thermal response, which make them ideal candidates for some point-of-use off-grid applications, such as solar desalination for high salt concentration, wastewater treatment, domestic solar sterilization, etc. Aiming at the recent progresses on plasmon assisted efficient solar evaporation, this review demonstrates the photothermal designs on the emerging plasmonic solar vapor generation systems, which mainly focus on the microstructures enabled nanophotonic designs and thermal manipulation. Finally, the plasmonic solar evaporation based photothermal applications and a couple of crucial issues for the future prospective are outlined as well.


Fully variable valve lift technology could realize continuously variable valve lift,which is one of the core techniques to solve the conflict between engine fuel economy and emissions performance.The paper introduces the classification of some typical representatives at present,discusses the different fully variable valve lift train,and points out the future research direction of the Multiair technology taking the new product launched by an auto firm as an example.


A model utilizing simple structural defect theory in molecular monolayers quantitatively accounts for the relationship between measured friction coefficients at monolayer coverage and additive properties such as enthalpy of fusion, chain length, chain symmetry, and solubility in hydrocarbon media. This model is an extension of a recent model of boundary lubrication for a simple two-component lubricant (i.e., base lubricant and one additive) relating friction coefficient to surface coverage. For a given polar end group, it is shown that the lateral cohesive interactions between the hydrocarbon chains in the monolayer play the major role in reducing friction and that the sum total of these interactions approximates the enthalpy of fusion. The coupling between friction coefficient at monolayer coverage and solubility directly follows from thermodynamics. Presented at the 41st Annual Meeting, in Toronto, Ontarlo, Canada, May 12–15, 1986


Aiming at addressing difficulties in the development of embedded system, this paper proposes a new method. Based on the object-oriented concepts and by reference to the touching operating mode of the smart phones or tablet PCs, we achieved a new set of smart touching UI controls and device driver classes library in C# with the .NET Compact Framework environment. This method improves the programming efficiency of embedded system, greatly reducing the workload of programmers. Using this method, we have successfully developed a data acquisition and monitoring system based on the InsLink's iPC2016, the system is running for environmental monitoring.


Objective To investigate relationship between HSP70 and neuronal apoptosis measured by optical density in rats treated with cerclage spinal cord injury and decompression at different early time,and to evaluate the efficacy of early decompression.Methods Cerclage rat model of spinal cord injury, rats were randomly divided into four groups,divided into control group,eight hours of spinal cord decompression group,72 hours spinal decompression group and non-decompression group,in 1 d,3 d,7 d,14 d and 21 d of each group were killed after spinal cord damage in rats with HE staining, immunohistochemistry,optical density measurement of spinal cord cells, the expression of HSP70,TUNEL apoptosis of nerve cells was observed. SPSS 17.0 statistical software for data analysis.Results Experimental group HSP70,TUNEL-positive cells and HSP70 integrated optical density were significantly different, each group P0.05 significant difference in HSP70 expression in the experimental group and the number of TUNEL-positive cells compared with the statistics, the two were positively correlated (r=0.675-0.921).Conclusion Early decompression of spinal cord injury can reduce neuronal apoptosis and reduce spinal cord injury;HSP70 expression is related with apoptosis cell induction after spinal cord injury,and no-related with the decompression time.


Experimental studies are reported concerning surface states and current transport properties of the Schottky barrier diodes prepared by evaporation of various metals under high vacuum on chemically etched n-type GaAs (111) surfaces. Surface state density, determined from a relation of the barrier height and vacuum work function of metals, amounts to 7×1013 cm-2 eV-1 and the effective thickness of interfacial layer is estimated to be 3∼8 Å from an analysis of various diode characteristics. Density distribution of the surface states in the lower half of the band gap is derived. Dependences of current-voltage characteristics on donor concentration in the range 2×1015 to 5×1017 cm-3 and on temperature, 4.2 to 400°K, are accounted for in terms of thermionic-field emission and field emission theories. Effects of deep-lying donors on reverse characteristics and others are discussed. Changes in barrier properties by heat treatment at temperatures up to 400°C are presented.


Although speculation and research on consciousness continue to hanker after an explanation, what coma is and what it entails is now broadly understood. There are widely used standardised coma scales for clinical assessment, such as the Glasgow coma scale, which allow simple rapid recording of conscious level and monitoring over time. In addition, instrumental and laboratory tests have accelerated the diagnosis of coma. Including the cause of coma, prompt and appropriate treatment are the decisive elements determining a favourable evolution. Rather than state of coma per se which requires a standardised approach, the Montecatone debate focused on the possible evolution of coma, notably the vegetative state. Following advances in medical technology unthinkable until a few years ago, an increasing number of people emerge from coma to enter a transient or permanent vegetative state. No definite epidemiological figures are available for Italy, but partial data or figures have been extrapolated from international literature. According to these reports, the incidence of vegetative state varies from 1 to 14% in severe head injury and is greater for non-traumatic coma. The vegetative state therefore increasingly represents a condition affecting large numbers of people world-wide. The definition of this state of "wakefulness without awareness" is now internationally established thanks to the publication of the guidelines of the Multi-Society Task Force on Persistent Vegetative State (1994). Despite this, the terminology is misused and serious clinical errors are made daily in Italy. This is in part due to the delay in tackling the problem of vegetative state and discussing the topic in medical debate, something which has been done abroad for some years. In the United States and Great Britain the topic has been debated not only in academic circles but by the public at large. This followed in the wake of some emblematic cases of vegetative state referred to the courts and the growth B. Zanotti


Chemical fertilizers currently poison arable agriculture, so organic fertilizers are now a new trend for soil improvement. This study investigates the appropriate ratio of fertilizer use and materials mixed with sewage sludge in the anaerobic co-digestion treatment method, which will best support agriculture. In the study, bio-organic fertilizer was composted of the co-digestion anaerobic with sewage sludge and agricultural wastes such as rice husk, rice husk charcoal, water hyacinth, cassava peel, and then tested on rice. The specific criteria of fertilizers such as total organic (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), and effective phosphorus (P2O5) and plant growth parameters such as germination rate (%), tillering rate, total weight (g) were evaluated. Initial results show the untreated sludge can be impacted negatively on plant development. The concentration of nutrients in the co-digestion composts was meet the requirements of the Ministry of Agriculture's standards of organic fertilizer. These bio-fertilizers will play an important role in soil productivity and sustainability. Hence, the widespread use of organic fertilizers from waste to partially replace chemical fertilizers will open up opportunities to reduce farming costs for farmers and develop agriculture sustainably.


Nanocomposite materials provide many opportunities for synthesizing materials with improved or unique properties. The challenge for exploiting this potential resides in the difficulty in elaborating such materials at the nanometric scale. An attractive way to overcome this difficulty is to employ the self organization of the composition field generated by ion beam mixing at the atomic scale. This composition field is mainly driven by thermal spikes induced by the slowing down of incident particles. Despite some attempts were made to describe the effect of a thermal spike on the composition field, no clear analysis of the effect of a displacement cascade on this field has been established. Using a simple Cahn Hiliard model, we present a first attempt to describe this effect. In this presentation, we focus our attention on the concept of "effective temperature" to describe the ion beam mixing.


Because of their ability to convert dissolved organic matter into cell substances and to synthesize protoplasm below the depths to which radiant energy penetrates sea water


We generalize several important results from the perturbation theory of linear operators to the setting of semisimple orthogonal symmetric Lie algebras. These Lie algebras provide a unifying framework for various notions of matrix diagonalization, such as the eigenvalue decomposition of real symmetric or complex Hermitian matrices, and the real or complex singular value decomposition. Concretely, given a path of structured matrices with a certain smoothness, we study what kind of smoothness one can obtain for the corresponding diagonalization of the matrices.


The purpose of this study is to define the hormonal regulation of pulmonary surfactant secretion in two models, the isolated perfused rat lung and the isolated alveolar type 1l cell in culture. In the perfused lung, both cholinergic and adrenergic stimulation independently increased labeled disaturated phosphatidylcholine secretion, the major phospholipid component of surfactant, each by 2.3-fold. A concomitant increase in lung cGMP and CAMP concentration of 275and 25-fold, respectively, was observed. The effect of each agonist was inhibited only by its appropriate antagonist. In alveolar type I1 cells in culture, both adenylate and manylate cyclase responded to their appropriate agonists and antagonists. The release of 3H-labeled disaturated phosphatidylcholine was enhanced by P-adrenergic but not a-adrenergic or cholinergic agonists. The effect of isoproterenol (10 p ~ ) on surfactant release was seen by 2.5 min, and secretion was stimulated 2.9fold at a half-maximal concentration of 1 m. Cyclic AMP levels were increased by 4.9-fold by isoproterenol at a half-maximal concentration f 40 n ~ . These results indicate that while in the perfused lung, secretion is stimulated by both adrenergic and cholinergic effectors, in the type IT cell model, surfactant secretion is under only 8-adrenergic control.


Antithrombin and protein C gene deficiencies are commonly inherited risk factors for VTE patients. We aim to investigate the deficiency of these two gene in 202 Chinese patients with venous thromboembolism (VTE).


Objective
To verify the criteria validity and effectiveness of the QCSS-E for screening of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and early dementia with Alzheimer's type (DAT) among the elderly in community.

Methods
With stratified convenient sampling, 1 298 elderly aged 55 and over recruited from Wuxi community, who finished the clinical interviews, laboratory examination and psychological tests such as QCSS-E, ADL, MMSE, ADAS-cog, CDR, and Core Neuropsychological Test.Then they were divided into health control group(HC), MCI group and DAT group by the diagnostic criteria of Peterson's MCI and DSM-5 AD dementia.The criteria validity and screening efficacy of QCSS-E were verified and the optimal cut off value for detecting MCI and DAT were explored.

Results
There were statistically significant differences in age, education level, marital status, family structure, occupation, and scores of MMSE, ADAS-cog, CNT, and QCSS-E total score and domain scores among three groups (all P<0.01). The total score and every domains score of QCSS-E were significantly correlated with test scores such as MMSE, ADAS-cog and CNT (all P<0.01). Using the total QCSS-E score to discriminate MCI from health control, the area under the curve (AUC) was 83.5%. When the cut off value was 74.5, the accuracy rate of classification was the highest (75.0%). Using the total QCSS-E score to discriminate DAT from health control, the AUC was 83.5%. When the cut off value was 64.5, the accuracy rate of classification was the highest (94.2%).

Conclusion
The QCSS-E has better criteria validity and higher effectiveness in screening MCI and DAT.

Key words:
Cognitive screening scale; Alzheimer's disease; Mild cognitive impairment; Validity


In order to accelerate the "green and digital" transition and the achievement of carbon neutrality objectives, the EU has launched a profound transformation of the global energy system in the regions of member countries. In this context, the research project, which addresses the reduction in impacts from climate change through mitigation and adaptation processes and strategies, has the objective of activating a demonstration (Living Lab) in the SNAI pilot area "Grecanica" (RC). It envisages developing and transfering advanced sustainable technologies for "energy self-production of communities", with processes enabled by technologies belonging to advanced systems for customised production and distributed generation from renewable sources, smart grids and digital flow management.


This article revisits the Frankfurt School's reflections on race, anti-Semitism and fascism, focusing especially on the theory of race implicit in Dialectic of Enlightenment. It argues that this theory has the potential to be developed into a critical functionalist theory of race that avoids both class and race reductionism, offering a thoroughly intersectional competitor to currently dominant philosophies of race. The key to such a theory is the view that racialization plays a functional role in sustaining capitalist exploitation. While Horkheimer and Adorno focus on the scapegoat function of racialization, I argue that this function, while important, does not exhaust the possible functionalities of racialization and neglects an especially crucial function: the maintenance of a specifically racial form of exploitation.


The objective of this work was to determine if metals and As contained in agricultural soils irrigated with wastewater are of anthropic or natural origin. For this, the geoaccumulation index and the enrichment factor were calculated from the content of Cd, Pb, Ni, Cu, Co, Cr, Zn and As, in the irrigated soils with the wastewater of the Atoyac and Zahuapan rivers, as well as the Valsequillo channel. Samples of wastewater and soil were collected in 16 sites grouped into four zones in two seasons of the year (summer and spring). The determination of metals and As was carried out with a plasma optical emission spectrometer with inductive coupling (ICP-OES) after digestion in a microwave equipment. The differences (p Cr (17.7) > Ni (14.8) > Pb (14.7) > Cu (13.06) > Co (5.5) > As (5.3) > Cd (1.2) mg/kg. The geoaccumulation index was 0.003 to 3.0, Cd the one with the highest geoaccumulation. The enrichment factor fluctuated from 1.84 to 6.0. Both indices show the existence of anthropic contamination of agricultural soils in the Alto Balsas sub-basin.


We developed a new measuring equipment which makes it possible to perform on-line measurements with the merits of its simplicity and the time-saving characteristics. By using the newly developed measurement system, the amount of aeration is directly measured on several parameters, i. e., engine speed, oil quantity. oil deterioration, oil temperature and viscosity, etc. It showed that oil aeration is strongly related to the gas movements in crankcase and the residence time of circulating oil in oil pan. In addition, in order to clarify the mechanism of aeration and to quantify the degree of aeration, a modelling analysis to predict aeration was performed, and as a guiding parameter, Aeration Index was defined. Finally, the parameter was compared with the actual amount of aeration, and it was confirmed that they gave a good correlation with each other.


In a recent paper in this journal Moss and Thomson discussed some functional attributes of the South Italian family.1 The following remarks are concerned rather with change in structural features of families in a South Central Italian community. Of interest to the applied anthropologist is the influence upon forms of social organization of planned change in the areas of property and productivity. Our specific focus here is on the relationship between familial structure and land ownership.


Two types of common mode voltage (CMV) exist in medium-voltage motor drive system based on modular multilevel converter (MMC) type topology, that are, arms CMV (ACMV) and system CMV (SCMV). The former will produce circulating current between phases, and the latter will do harm to the motor. This article proposes a suppression scheme of CMV with a dual dc bus MMC-based solid-state transformer (DBM2C-SST) based drive system. The horizontal submodules (SMs) of MMC are cascaded with a quadruple-active-bridge (QAB), then a low voltage is formed. Plus the original medium voltage bus, the system is characteristic as a dual dc bus. The primary triple-active-bridge of QAB which characterized by low-impedance and synchronous-switching helps to achieve the natural suppression of the fluctuating voltage of the MMC horizontal three SMs within the entire operating frequency range under the relevant modulation strategy, thus realizing the full suppression of ACMV and low-frequency components suppression of SCMV simultaneously, and with the additional minimum method of SCMV high-frequency components, the DBM2C-SST can achieve zero CMV. As the SMs fluctuating voltage and CMV are decreased, the values of SMs capacitance and arms inductance can be significantly reduced.


In this work we investigate the coating damages in optical fibers under the simultaneous effects of high optical power and tight bending. The power losses and coating heating imposed by the high power propagation have been measured for a SMF fiber. We have implemented a theoretical thermal model for the fiber bend and the minimum safety bend diameter has been established.


In the present study, the role of five categories of characteristics of a reciprocal peer coaching context was studied in relation to teacher learning. Both self-reports and student perceptions were used to measure teacher learning. Data were gathered on 28 secondary school teachers (14 coaching dyads). A mixed-method approach was adopted combining quantitative and qualitative data. To study the associations between five categories of characteristics of a peer coaching context (independent variable) and teacher learning (dependent variable), questionnaire results (quantitative data) and digital diaries (qualitative data) were examined. It was found that teachers learn when they are intrinsically motivated to take part in professional development programs; when they feel a certain pressure toward experimenting with new instructional methods; and when they are able to discuss their experiences within a safe, constructive, and trustworthy reciprocal peer coaching environment.


Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), accounting for about 40% of all cases NHL. Analysis of the tumour microenvironment is an important aspect of the assessment of the progression of DLBCL. In this review article, we have analyzed the role of different cellular components of the tumour microenvironment, including mast cells, macrophages, lymphocytes, in tumour progression of DLBCL. We examined several approaches to confront the available pieces of evidence; three key points emerged. DLBCL is a disease of malignant B-cells spreading and accumulating both at nodal and in extranodal sites. Both in patients with nodal and extranodal lesions, the subsequent induction of a cancer-friendly environment appears pivotal. DLBCL cell interaction with mature stromal cells and vessels confers tumour protection and inhibition of immune response while delivering nutrients and oxygen supply. Single cells may also reside and survive in protected niches in the nodal and extranodal sites as a source for residual disease and relapse. This review aims to molecularly and functionally recapitulate the DLBCL-milieu crosstalk, to relate niche and pathological angiogenic constitution and interaction factors to DLBCL progression.


Abstract The rheological properties of PAN/DMSO solution and the size and distribution of PAN coils were studied by rheology and dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements. It was found that water could be used as a gel accelerator and increase the gel transition temperature T gel and the storage modulus G′ as well as decrease the damping factor tan δ through rheological measurements. DLS test shows that the average size of PAN coils increases significantly with the increase in gel accelerator content. In addition, the gel accelerator can change the mobility of PAN chains during the cooling process. The results show that the gel accelerator can enhance the entanglement of PAN macromolecular chains and improve the formation of three-dimensional network gel structure, so that PAN solution is more prone to gel transition during the cooling process.


Abstract : Formation rules are presented for an W-order logic with lambda operator in which each term has a well defined type. Transformation rules are given defining lambda-conversion, special conversion, substitution, and alphabetic change of bound variables. The notion of one term being an 'instance' of another is then defined using these transformation rules. The main problem of the paper is to develop a 'matching procedure' for pairs of terms, so that every common instance of the two given terms is an instance of some term produced by the matching procedure. This is accomplished by analysing the terms according to the formation rules, matching the outermost parts first, then proceeding inductively inward. Examples are given to show that an infinite set of terms may be needed for this purpose. Conditions under which such an infinite set is needed are discussed. A procedure is developed for producing at least one common instance, if one exists.


The reaction of europium metal with HCN and (CN)2 at elevated temperatures has been shown to yield Eu2C3, EuC2, and compounds of the type EuNxCy. X-Ray parameters for these phases are reported and they are shown by 151Eu Mossbauer spectroscopy to be band systems. EuN is shown to be ionic and to contain Eu3+ ions. The reactions in liquid NH3 of europium with HCN, C2H2, and NH4SCN have been shown to produce europium(II) and europium(III) cyanide, europium(III) acetylide, and europium(III) thiocyanate respectively. The width of the 151Eu Mossbauer resonance is discussed in relation to possible bonding situations and the relationship between chemical isomer shift and bond ionicity is considered.


The CMS experiment uses a sophisticated two-level triggering system composed of hardware-based Level-1 Trigger, and a software-based High Level Trigger to select 1 kHz of events out of 40 MHz for later analysis. A new Level-1 trigger architecture improves the data taking performance at high luminosity experienced during Run II. The upgraded muon trigger increases the redundancy of the three muon detectors Cathode Strip Chambers (CSC), Drift Tubes (DT), and Resistive Plate Chambers (RPC) by combining information in the muon track finders with new track reconstruction, which yields a better efficiency and lower rates. The upgraded muon trigger system and the algorithms designed to select events for both precision measurements and new physics searches are described. The performance of the upgraded muon trigger system is demonstrated using proton-proton collision data collected in Run II. Presented at TWEPP2018 Topical Workshop on Electronics for Particle Physics The CMS Level-1 muon trigger for the LHC Run II Jaana Heikkilä∗ on behalf of the CMS Collaboration Helsinki Institute of Physics E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com The CMS experiment uses a sophisticated two-level triggering system composed of hardwarebased Level-1 Trigger, and a software-based High Level Trigger to select 1 kHz of events out of 40 MHz for later analysis. A new Level-1 trigger architecture improves the data taking performance at high luminosity experienced during Run II. The upgraded muon trigger increases the redundancy of the three muon detectors Cathode Strip Chambers (CSC), Drift Tubes (DT), and Resistive Plate Chambers (RPC) by combining information in the muon track finders with new track reconstruction, which yields a better efficiency and lower rates. The upgraded muon trigger system and the algorithms designed to select events for both precision measurements and new physics searches are described. The performance of the upgraded muon trigger system is demonstrated using proton-proton collision data collected in Run II. Topical Workshop on Electronics for Particle Physics 17-21 September 2018 Antwerp, Belgium


. Antioxidants, in particular vitamin E (VE), have been reported to protect against diabetic renal injury. a -Lipoic acid (LA) has been found to attenuate diabetic peripheral neuropathy, but its effects on nephropathy have not been examined. In the present study, parameters of glomerular injury were examined in streptozotocin diabetic rats after 2 mo on unsupplemented diets and in diabetic rats that received the lowest daily dose of dietary LA (30 mg/kg body wt), VE (100 IU/kg body wt), or vitamin C (VC; 1 g/kg body wt), which detectably increased the renal cortical content of each antioxidant. Blood glucose values did not differ among the diabetic groups. At 2 mo, inulin clearance, urinary albumin excretion, fractional albumin clearance, glomerular volume, and glomerular content of immunoreactive transforming growth factor- b (TGF- b ) and collagen a 1 (IV) all were significantly increased in unsupplemented D compared with age-matched nondiabetic controls. With the exception of inulin clearance, LA prevented or significantly attenuated the increase in all of these glomerular parameters in D, as well as the increases in renal tubular cell TGF- b seen in D. At the dose used, VE reduced inulin clearance in D to control levels but failed to alter any of the other indices of glomerular injury or to suppress renal tubular cell TGF- b in D. VC suppressed urinary albumin excretion, fractional albumin clearance, and glomerular volume but not glomerular or tubular TGF- b or glomerular collagen a 1 (IV) data suggest renal cortex been quick-frozen liquid nitrogen. the lower limit of detection method renal cortex 0.2 ng/mg protein (1 pmol/mg protein). Recovery of LA added to renal cortical extracts exceeded


Adessowiki is a collaborative environment for teaching and research in image processing. Adessowiki is composed of a collection of collaborative web pages in the form of a wiki. The articles of this wiki can embed programming code that will be executed on the server when the page is rendered, incorporating the results as figures, texts and tables on the document. The integrated collaborative environment of Adessowiki, containing documentation, programming code and execution results is able to create several possibilities of applications. This paper presents some of the applications where Adessowiki has been used, such as Scientific Writing and Virtual Learning Environment.


Objective: To determine analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of a oily formulation containing camphor, menthol and thymol as ingredients in wistar albino mice and rats. Methods: Acute toxicity studies were done as per OECD 423 guidelines. No signs of toxicity were observed up to 2000 mg/kg. Based on the mortality rate dose was designed. Analgesic activity was performed in Swiss albino mice by Hot plate method. Anti inflammatory activity was performed in male Wistar rats by turpentine induced inflammation model. Results: The formulation at a dose of (100 mg/kg & 200 mg/kg) produced a dose dependent significant analgesic effect in hot plate method (p<0.001). However the formulation at a dose of (250 mg/kg & 500 mg/kg) showed anti-inflammatory effect (p<0.001) when compared with the control group. Conclusion: In the above investigations OFCMT (oily formulation of camphor, menthol and thymol) has shown tremendous protection from pain and Inflammation in experimental animals the above pharmacological effects may be due to the presence of monoterpenoids in the formulation.


Abstract: The polar code is a channel coding technology which can reach the Shannon limit in theory and has the advantage of low coding and decoding complexity. It is now one of the channel coding solutions in 5G communication. The successive cancellation list (SCL) decoding algorithm is the most commonly used decoding method for polar codes, but it has high memory and time complexity. Fast succesive cancellation (Fast-SC) decoding algorithm can effectively reduce the decoding complexity, but it has the problem of low reliability. In order to take into account the decoding efficiency and reliability of polar codes, a preFast-SCL decoding algorithm for adaptive channels is proposed. The algorithm combines the advantages of Fast-SC and SCL decoding algorithms. At the beginning of decoding, the Fast-SC algorithm is used to quickly obtain a group of decoding results and verify them. If the verification is passed, it will be outputed as the result, but if not, SCL decoding will be used to ensure the reliability. Simulation results show that the complexity of preFast-SCL decoding algorithm decreases gradually with the improvement of channel conditions. In additive white Gaussian noise channel, the reliability of preFast-SCL is basically the same as that of SCL decoding algorithm. When the signal to noise ratio (SNR) is 2. 0 dB, the decoding complexity of preFast-SCL is reduced by 45% compared with SCL, and the time performance gain is better under the condition of higher SNR.


The following paper describes some basic problems which have to be tackled if a morphosyntactic parser is to be configured in a grammar and style checking environment. Whereas grammar checking has to deal with ill-formed input which by definition is outside the scope of a grammar, style checking has problems in grammar coverage and intentionality of style.To overcome these problems, a method is presented based on the METAL grammar formalism which allows for fallback rules, levelling and scoring mechanisms, and other features which can be used. It will be described what kinds of information and processing are needed to implement such checkers.Finally, some examples are given which illustrate the mode of operation of the method described.


We provide a new elementary proof for a Ramanujan-type congruence for the overpartition function modulo 40, which was previously conjectured by Hirschhorn and Sellers and later proved by Chen and Xia. We also find some new congruences for the overpartition function modulo 5 and 9.


During the rule of the National Party in South Africa, the Bantustans were founded on the basis of discrimination along the lines of race as well as ethnicity. At the same time, some were offered "independence" which to many Black South Africans was suicidal especially in respect of their human dignity. However, this did not end there as it also advocated territorial advancement along the same lines mentioned above. The ecumenical movement in South Africa then was vocal in respect of the socio, political, economic and religious injustices of the time. The founding of the "Independence of Bophuthatswana" also opened a window of "opportunity" for them to establish what they called Bophuthatswana Minister Fraternity. Its functions were in direct opposition to what the South African Council of Churches stood for and believed in. This article will examine the socio, political, economic and religious context of that time.


Milk production is an important line within the agricultural sector and the economy of a country. In Mexico, the contribution of the agricultural sector to the nominal Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is 4.2 %, with a 30.2 % livestock share. This type of production has several improved systems to increase the profit rate. However, it is necessary to know the production costs associated with feeding cattle in terms of dry matter consumed. In this paper, we analyzed the variable feeding costs within the milk production process for high and low producing cows in a semi-specialized bovine system. We carried out diagnosis and information gathering processes, bromatological and milk production analyses, calculation of associated costs, and finally, the evaluation of cost reduction under the multi-criteria methodology of the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Feeding costs associated with forage, silage, and concentrate feed were calculated, reaching 20.3 % and 21.9 % of the total income from milk sales for groups of cows with high and low production, respectively. We determined that the cost reduction strategy that generates better results in terms of productivity criteria, efficiency, environment, and financial factors corresponds to the elaboration of different diets according to the milk production rate. The savings associated with this strategy demonstrate the potential to lower annual feeding costs by up to USD 444 for the cows under study.


Abstract In this paper, an all-optical XOR-AND gate operation has been proposed using one-dimensional periodic nonlinear material model. This structure consists of alternating layers of different nonlinear materials. In this design, we can obtain XOR and AND logical operation simultaneously at the reflected and transmitted port of the periodic structure. Numerical simulation has also been done using the finite-difference-time-domain (FDTD) method. The response time of this switching operation is picoseconds (ps) range order. We find low insertion loss (−3.01 dB), high contrast ratio (14.13 dB) and high extension ratio (10.93 dB) of this device. This design will be useful in future all-optical computing.


The article provides an overview of the use of space division multiplexing (SDM) technology in radio-over-fiber (RoF) data transmission systems in future high-speed scalable 6G wireless networks. The features of using the SDM technology in the radio access network are analyzed. The application of new specialized few-mode fibers in 6G networks for the useful information transmission is proposed. The results of experimental studies of custom optical fibers designed for vortex mode generation are also presented.


Flooding is considered as a risk and brings out many challenges to children. The increasing of floods incidents is impact on the interference of academic performance of children. Resilience is an ability to maintain well-being of children despite difficult time when they face severe floods. The main purpose of this study was identifying factors affecting resilience in elementary school-aged children exposed to major floods. To accomplish this study, a cross-sectional correlation design was employed. The participants were 162 children from 9–12 years old who exposed to major floods in 2013. The instruments used were a self-report questionnaire. The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale- 10, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, The After-School Environment Scale, The Cultural Competence Self-Assessment Tool, The Daily Spiritual Experience Scale, The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and The Physical Activity Questionnaire were utilized in this study based upon the validity and reliability test. Descriptive and Multiple Regression analyses were employed for analyzing data. The results showed that significant affecting factors for were family support (b = 0.276, P < 0.01), peer support (b = 0.264, P < 0.01) and culture (b = 0.221, P < 0.01) respectively with the overall R adjusted was 0.317. In conclusions, family support, peer support and culture could affect to resilience in elementary school-aged children. A comprehensive intervention program for children to promote the development of positive relationships with family is recommended. The cultural approaches in bringing out the positive relationship between children and family would be helpful to increase the resilience.


Abstract. Wild relatives of wheat have served as a pool of genetic variation for understanding salinity tolerance mechanisms. Two separate experiments were performed to evaluate the natural diversity in root and shoot Na+ exclusion and K+ accumulation, and the activity of four antioxidant enzymes within an extensive collection of ancestral wheat accessions. In the initial screening experiment, salinity stress (300 mm NaCl) significantly increased Na+ concentration in roots and leaves and led to a significant decline in root and shoot fresh weights, dry weights, and K+ contents. Principal component analysis of the 181 accessions and 12 species identified three first components accounted for 63.47% and 78.55% of the variation under salinity stress. We identified 12 accessions of each species with superior tolerance to salinity for further assessment of their antioxidant defence systems in response to salinity. Both mild (250 mm NaCl) and severe (350 mm NaCl) levels of salinity significantly increased activities of four enzymes, indicating an enhanced antioxidant-scavenging system for minimising the damaging effects of H2O2. Some of the wild relatives—Aegilops speltoides (putative B genome), Ae. caudata (C genome), Ae. cylindrica (DC genome) and Triticum boeoticum (Ab genome)—responded to salinity stress by increasing antioxidants as the dominant mechanism to retain oxidative balance in cells. Further evaluation of salt-tolerance mechanisms in these superior wild relatives will help us to understand the potential of wheat progenitors in the development of more salt-tolerant varieties.


The influence of the catalyzer on crushed coke gasification reactivity and its structural changes during steam gasification were studied in the present paper. Crushed coke samples were loaded with ...


This chapter reviews how marine ecosystems respond to parasites. Evidence from several marine ecosystems shows that parasites can wield control over ecosystem structure, function, and dynamics by regulating host density and phenotype. Like predators, parasites can generate or modify trophic cascades, regulate important foundational species and ecosystem engineers, and mediate species coexistence by affecting competitive outcomes. Sometimes the parasites have clear positive impacts within ecosystems, such as increasing species diversity or maintaining ecosystem stability. Other times, parasites may have destabilizing effects that signal an ecosystem out of balance. But it is now clear that some (but not all) parasites can have strong and, at times, predictable effects, and should thus be incorporated into food web and ecosystem models


A survey of ninety eight processes for the production of heavy water was made. Eight processes having economic advantages over the remaining ninety are described. These processes include: hydrogen-water exchange; hydrogenwater- hydrazine; phosphine-water; hydrogen iodidewater; reversible electrolysis of water; direct electrolysis of deuterium; and char adsorption of water. Equations for the calculation of the dry and wet cross section are given. (C.J.G.)


A driving apparatus for driving a semiconductor element comprises: an identification signal generation circuit which generates an identification signal depending on a kind of an input error signal; a protection mode signal generation circuit which generates a protection mode signal having a pulse width which is similar to that of one of the error signal and the identification signal having a longer pulse width; an identification signal terminal which switches the identification signal and outputting; a protective operation signal terminal which switches the protection mode signal and outputting; and a protection circuit, the error protection operation depending on a self-phase protection operation signal that is generated by the protection mode signal generation circuit, and input by the protection operating signal terminal a third phase protection operation signal executes.


Within the isospin-dependent Brueckner framework, we investigate the contribution of three-body force (TBF) rearrangement to isospin symmetry potential as well as its momentum and density dependence.In particular, we investigate the TBF rearrangement effects on the isospin splitting of neutron and proton effective masses in neutron-rich nuclear matter. We show that the rearrangement contribution of TBF to neutron and proton single-particle potentials is repulsive and increases rapidly with increasing density and momentum. At low densities, the influence of the TBF rearrangement on symmetry potential is rather small, and the TBF rearrangement effect becomes more and more pronounced as the density rises. At high densities, the contribution of TBF rearrangement increases considerably the symmetry potential and modifies remarkably the momentum dependence of the symmetry potential. In both cases with and without including the TBF rearrangement contribution, the predicted neutron effective mass in neutron-rich matter is greater than the proton effective mass. The TBF rearrangement effect is to decrease remarkably both the proton and neutron effective masses, and reduce the magnitude of neutron-proton effective mass splitting in neutron-rich matter at high densities.


are widely documented, and indeed earned that country the WHO Award for Outstanding Achievement in health in 1983. Vaccination campaigns conducted with the help of the mass organizations have helped eradicate polio and have dramatically reduced the incidence of measles, diptheria, malaria, and other diseases. Access to health care, particularly in the rural areas, has increased significantly, and infant mortality, while still high (82/1000) has dropped substantially from 121/1000 before the revolution.2 2