ABSTRACT Introduction: Urinary stents have been around for the last 4 decades, urinary catheters even longer. They are associated with infections, encrustation, migration, and patient discomfort. Research efforts to improve them have shifted onto molecular and cellular levels. ENIUS brought together translational scientists to improve urinary implants and reduce morbidity. Methods & materials: A working group within the ENIUS network was tasked with assessing future research lines for the improvement of urinary implants. Topics were researched systematically using Embase and PubMed databases. Clinicaltrials.gov was consulted for ongoing trials. Areas covered: Relevant topics were coatings with antibodies, enzymes, biomimetics, bioactive nano-coats, antisense molecules, and engineered tissue. Further, pH sensors, biodegradable metals, bactericidal bacteriophages, nonpathogenic uropathogens, enhanced ureteric peristalsis, electrical charges, and ultrasound to prevent stent encrustations were addressed. Expert opinion: All research lines addressed in this paper seem viable and promising. Some of them have been around for decades but are yet to proceed to clinical application (i.e. tissue engineering). Others are very recent and, at least in urology, still only conceptual (i.e. antisense molecules). Perhaps the most important learning point resulting from this pan-European multidisciplinary effort is that collaboration between all stakeholders is not only fruitful but also truly essential.


Taking as example different editions of the GCS, the Viennese CSEL and the SC, the article shows in which types of praefationes the different introductions of the editions can be grouped. The practice originally used in Berlin differs from the Viennese model and traces back to the "Apostolic Fathers" from Lightfoot. Specific attention is given to the language of the praefatio. Finally, some problematic cases are dealt with where the difficulties of an edition can be shown already with the praefatio.


England and Wales High Court (Chancery Division), Matthews HHJ, 20 September 2017. Hand-written will with gift to the Serbian Orthodox Church and other charities, the law of England and Wales was to apply and that a residuary gift existed.


....................................................................................................................... 13 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 14 Method ......................................................................................................................... 19 Search Strategies .................................................................................................. 19 Search Terms ....................................................................................................... 19 Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria .......................................................................... 20 Inclusion Criteria ................................................................................. 20 Exclusion Criteria ................................................................................ 20 Quality Rating of Studies ..................................................................... 21 Results .......................................................................................................................... 22 Overview of the Studies ....................................................................................... 23 What interventions have been delivered to children and young people that provide contact with a target with intellectual disabilities and have been evaluated? ............................................................................................................ 33 What are the effects of these interventions on children's and young people's attitudes towards peers with intellectual disabilities? .......................................... 37


As the number of uncertain parameters affecting pile foundation capacity is large, there is a need for a more systematic and comprehensive approach to address those uncertainties. Intelligent hybrid system involving Artificial Neural Network approach and Fuzzy Logic techniques are proposed herein as an alternative that is capable of capturing the uncertainties associated with the controlling design parameters.


Carter argues that Wittgensteinian moral philosophy – typified by the work of Raimond Gaita and Christopher Cordner – rests on shaky foundations because it vacillates between grounding moral judgements in grammar and in a form of life. In this article, I respond to Carter's criticism. I defend Wittgensteinian moral philosophy by showing that Gaita and Cordner specifically repudiate the purported dichotomy between grammar and a form of life. I then go on to explain why Wittgensteinian moral philosophers are right not to try to ground moral judgements in features of a shared form of life.


The cause of the premature burn-out of incandescent lamps used in plant growth chambers was determined. Group replacement of lamps can be practiced on an annual basis with proper lamp selection.


The accumulative hatching rate of resting eggs (RE) of rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus was observed under different environmental conditions. The rates of RE stored in medium where they were formed were higher at temperature varying from 20℃ to 30℃ and the highest rate was observed when RE hatched in aerated tap water at 30℃. The rate of RE stored in rotifer culturing medium was highest when hatching in aerated tap water. In contrast the lowest was found in rotifer culturing medium. At 20℃ and 25℃, the rates were similar as in tap water, culturing medium and in filtrated lake water. The rate of RE produced by rotifer fed on green algae chlorella was higher than that produced by rotifer fed on mixed algae. The accumulative rate was not associated with photoperiod. The rates were in range of 45 to 54.2% when stored in dark for 20 to 60 days at 5℃.


Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to synthesize ten 1,4-dihydropyridine (DHP) derivatives in which substituted cyclohexane rings were fused to the DHP ring and to determine how different ester groups and the benzoyl substituent introduced in 4-phenyl ring affected their calcium channel blocking activity. Methods A microwave-assisted one-pot method was applied for the synthesis of compound 1–5 according to a modified Hantzsch reaction. The benzoyl moiety was introduced in the 4-phenyl ring of these dihydropyridines by refluxing with benzoyl chloride in acetone in the presence of anhydrous potassium carbonate. Synthesized products were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectroscopy. The inhibitory actions of compounds 1–10 on calcium channel blocking activity were tested on isolated rat aorta preparations. Results The obtained pharmacological results showed that although all compounds are potent relaxing agents on isolated rat aorta smooth muscle, introduction of a benzoyloxy substitiuent on the phenyl ring (compound 6–10) decreased the relaxant effect of these compunds. Conclusion The reported 1,4-DHP derivatives have calcium channel blocking activity on rat aorta smooth muscle.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to discuss the impact of organizational change on the competence of controllers in rail infrastructure operations. Controllers are a critical link in providing rail services. They guide train traffic 7/24 in real time from within control rooms by daily responding to a multitude of disturbances. Market reforms have radically changed their work conditions by unbundling and re-bundling control rooms. Design/methodology/approach – Ethnographically inspired research has been performed at the work stations of controllers in both unbundled and re-bundled, both Dutch and British control rooms between 2007 and 2011. The author observed how controllers deal with moderate disturbances and discusses the nature of their underlying professional capacities, what guides their decision making in discretion. Implications are discussed how organizational change affects these capacities in case of unbundling and re-bundling control rooms. Findings – The paper shows how to gain a more ex...


Although soil texture is important to plant growth, cultivation, hydraulic conductivity, and soil strength, laboratory procedures for determining partick size dir if the soil texture is near a division between 2 classes, these differences may result in different textures being assigned.


The effect of moisture content on the dielectric properties of polymer/nano-silica blends was investigated. It was found that the DC breakdown strength, electrical conductivity and complex permittivity were all strongly influenced by absorbed water. However, a control sample without nano-silica was largely unaffected by changes in moisture content. This has important implications for researchers and cable designers.


The problem of the fuzzy multi-attribute decision making (FMADM) is studied, in which the information about attribute weights is known partly and the decision maker has preference information on alternatives in the form of fuzzy reciprocal judgment matrix. The attribute values and the preference values given by the decision maker(s) are in the form of triangular fuzzy numbers. A maximum difference minimizing model is introduced to assess the weights of attributes in a FMADM problem, which integrates subjective fuzzy preference relations and objective fuzzy decision information. Theadditive weighting method is used to obtain the fuzzy overall values of alternatives. By using the priority formula of triangular fuzzy numbers, the decision alternatives are then ranked. Finally, a numerical example is given.


Load balancing is a computer networking methodology to distribute workload across multiple computers or a computer cluster, network links, central processing units, disk drives, or other resources, to achieve optimal resource utilization, maximize throughput, minimize response time, and avoid overload. In load balancing algorithms parameters like throughput, fault tolerance, resource utilization, scalability etc, are considered. In this paper firstly analysis of the diffusive load balancing algorithm for VM allocation and then compared it with a proposed weighted diffusive load balancing algorithm to achieve better response time and increase performance.


In 1962, the Ad Hoc Committee on the classification of headache offered what was to become the standard classification for head pain disorders for the next 20 years.1 This report was based on the premise of a clear distinction between migraine and tension headache (TH), and focused on symptom-specific etiologies: vasculature in migraine and musculature in TH. Despite its many citations, and its traditional acceptance by researchers and clinicians alike, many authorities have been unable to reconcile the myriad of events and phenomena of migraine, TH, and cluster headache with the basic foundations of this clas~ification.~ During the past several years, the emphasis on peripheral phenomena (blood vessels and muscles) and separateness between migraine and T H disorders has been challenged, and with it have come changing views on the treatment of this disorder. Several i n ~ e s t i ~ a t o r s ~ ~ are now citing data that they believe support the view that migraine and T H are physiologically related entities, with a varied symptomatic expression reflecting a central disturbance of neuroreceptor function within the upper brainstem, limbic, and hypothalamic reg i o n ~ . ~ . ~ The central hypothesis takes it support from the current understanding of brain mechanisms and the neurochemical and physiologic events that are purported to occur during h e a d a ~ h e ; ~ . ~ ~ ' the symptom overlap between migraine and TH;2",8 the general acknowledgement that the clinical phenomena, including pain, cannot be satisfactorily or entirely explained by disturbances of the vascular or muscular structures a l ~ n e ; ~ ~ , ' . ~ vascular flow studies that appear to challenge traditional views linking the preheadache and headache symptoms of migraine with specific changes in blood flow;lVJ1 and therapeutic considerations that raise doubt as to the presumed mechanism of well-known therapeutic agents.2,'2 On this last point, drugs initially recognized to be useful for migraine or muscle contraction headache may be of value in both disorders. Moreover, a large number of agents found useful in the treatment of T H or migraine, or both conditions, do not demonstrate a consistent system (vascular or muscular) specificity sufficient to explain their effectivenes2 In fact, the wide-ranging pharmacologic actions of drugs found useful in chronic headache disorders (see later) appear to share an influence on central brain mechanisms more than a specific vascular or muscular influence. Thus, the perspectives on chronic headache are changing, and the villains of the past hundred years (the blood vessels and muscles) are now coming to be seen as possible victims, affected by chronic, intermittent, or continuous disturbances of central phenomena.2.3,c8 Currently, the International Association for the Study of Headache is undertaking the first major attempt to reclassify headache since the Ad Hoc Committee Report of 1962. The following is an overview of the treatment of the primary headache conditions, including migraine, cluster headache, so-called TH, chronic daily headache, and others. Although the "separateness" concept still serves as the basis for treatment descriptions, the reader will soon note the substantial overlap of treatments between one headache entity and another, in part reflecting the transition period in understanding and terminology that currently exists.


This paper aims to analyze the discourses provided in the Portuguese daily newspapers when covering criminality perpetrated by immigrants and minority ethnic groups. We gathered and analyzed news published in the press during 2008 and 2009. Our purpose is to understand how media narratives, whether tabloid or reference, create and reproduce the representations of the established powers and, simultaneously, to discuss the possible implications of those discourses on the dissemination of stereotypes that associate criminality to specific social groups. Current studies about the effects of the media on the representations about criminality allow for the conclusion that citizens are influenced not only about what they think about but also how to think. That is, media dissemination of imagery about criminality tends to produce consensual and shared views, fostering the public construction of stereotyped notions about "criminals", associating criminality with socially excluded groups and ethnic minorities, such as gypsies and immigrants. This paper discusses the media coverage of criminality as an example of a product of a cultural industry; an industry that promotes certain representations of criminals and of causes for criminality, all of which are subordinated to the market's logic and to prevailing cultural and political structures. Thus, these media narratives frame visions of social order and foster consensus and social control, through the exaggeration about victimization risks and by exploring public and social emotion, constituting what might be called a "moral panic". These media narratives are nourished by global logics of commodification of the public sphere based on criminalization of poverty and the fear of "troublesome" populations.


In recent years, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) has been increasingly reported in patients without human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The increased occurrence of PCP in non‐HIV‐immunocompromised subjects has been attributed to several factors: use of stronger immunosuppressive regimens, higher awareness of PCP, advanced diagnostic technology and nosocomial spread of P. carinii. Appearance of PCP subsequent to the use of immunosuppressive drugs has been noticed in many inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and ulcerative colitis. Dermatologists frequently use immunomodulating agents, but the occurrence of PCP in patients receiving immunosuppressive drugs for skin diseases is largely unknown. We report four cases where PCP appeared following the use of immunosuppressive drugs primarily for cutaneous diseases, namely pemphigus, cutaneous necrotizing vasculitis (two cases) and Behçet's syndrome. These cases were identified in a computerized database study (1979–95) to evaluate the occurrence of PCP among immunocompromised hosts without HIV infection.


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The paper presents the design and development of an ultra-high efficiency bidirectional isolated full bridge dc-dc converter using Gallium Nitride (GaN) devices. To achieve ultrahigh efficiency, GaN devices, synchronous rectification and high efficiency magnetics are used. The proposed bidirectional converter allows a power flow in both directions using the same power components; this increases power density and reduce the cost. The performance of a 1.7 kW bidirectional converter is experimentally validated in both forward direction (buck mode) and backward direction (boost mode). The converter operates at a switching frequency of 50 kHz with a voltage of 130V at one side and 52V at the other side of the converter. The fast switching speed of the GaN devices are utilized to achieve extremely high conversion efficiency thus reducing the total volume of the converter. The high power GaN converter has attained an extremely high efficiency of 98.8% in both the directions. This paper demonstrates the highest achievable conversion efficiency with the present technology.


For the preparation of specialists in computer and machine mathematics and the development of scientific work in this area, the department of computer mathematics was created in 1949 in Moscow State University within the staff of the mechanical-mathematics faculty. This was headed by Academician S. L. Sobolev beginning in 1952.


Shear connectors ensure effective interaction between wood beams and concrete slabs of composite beams, and their properties noticeably affect the fire resistance of timber-concrete composite beams. To investigate the shear stiffness of notched connectors in glued laminated timber (GLT)-concrete composite beams under fire conditions, 16 shear tests were conducted. The effects of fire duration and notch length on shear properties of the connectors for a given spacing were studied. The fire tests indicated that the reduction of the notch length from 200 mm to 150 mm remarkably affected the failure mode of the shear specimens, changing from compression failure of notched wood to shear failure of notched concrete. The increase in fire duration reduced effective width of the notched wood, negatively affected the shear stiffness and shear capacity of the connectors, and the shear stiffness decreased more rapidly. The notch length did not have a substantial effect on the shear stiffness of connectors. Based on the experimental results, an analytical model to estimate the shear stiffness of notched connectors in GLT-concrete beam under fire conditions was established.


OBJECTIVE
The Disease Activity Score in 28 joints (DAS28) is a key measure in clinical practice and clinical trials. There are at least five different versions of the 'Patient Global' Visual Analogue Scale (PG-VAS) being used in the DAS28. The developers suggested that the PG-VAS can be an assessment of global health or disease activity, but did not specify the wording of the question. There is no consensus on what the PG-VAS is intended to capture, and the different words and phrases have not been evaluated. The aim of this study was to test if phrasing affects PG-VAS scores and hence yields different results for the DAS28.

METHODS
Fifty patients with rheumatoid arthritis taking biologic agents in a rheumatology outpatient department completed a self-administered questionnaire containing five versions of the 100 mm PG-VAS.

RESULTS
All PG-VAS versions correlated strongly with each other (rho = 0.67-0.87, p < 0.0001). However, individual scores for each PG-VAS, when compared with the comparator on a Bland-Altman chart had wide limits of agreement--the largest being -42 mm to +45 mm. The five overall DAS28 scores were calculated for each patient using the five different PG-VAS. The largest difference in DAS28 scores was 0.63.

CONCLUSION
Different phrasing of the PG-VAS gives different DAS28 results. As the DAS28 is a key outcome measure, such differences have the potential to influence clinical decisions relating to eligibility for biologic agents and evaluation of new therapies. We urgently need to decide on the concept to be measured and the phrasing required to capture this. The PG-VAS phrasing should then be standardized and validated.


A 42-year-old man presented with a painless mass in the left preauricular area which had been rapidly enlarging over a period of 1 month. There was no evidence of tumor spread beyond the parotid gland. The patient has a history of liposarcoma of the thigh soft tissues 5 years before, treated by surgery and radiotherapy. At the time, no metastatic disease was identified at the medical examination including X-ray of the chest and abdominal ultrasound. No other past medical or surgical history is noticed. Computed tomographic scan revealed a 6 cm heterogeneous mass of the parotid with areas of adipose density (see Figure 1). The patient underwent a total parotidectomy with facial nerve sacrifice but without lymph node dissection. The original resection consisted of a parotidectomy specimen measuring 7 × 4, 5 × 4 cm and weighing 65 g. The tumor was a relatively well-demarcated tan/yellow, measuring 5, 5 × 3 × 2, 5 cm, with focal myxoid areas, surrounded by scant glandular parenchyma. Microscopically, the tumor infiltrated extensively the parotid gland (see Figure 2). It had a nodular growth pattern, and it consisted of a proliferation of mixture of uniform round to oval-shaped primitive nonlipogenic mesenchymal cells and small signet-ring lipoblasts without significant mitotic activity in a myxoid background and delicate plexiform capillary network (see Figure 3). A postoperative radiotherapy was performed but the patient developed pulmonary and cerebral metastasis two months after the diagnosis, and he died of disease two weeks after.


SO LONG AS THEY REMAIN UNDAMAGED, CEMENT LININGS ARE A SATISFACTORY, LOW-COST METHOD OF PROTECTING PIPES AGAINST CORROSION. TO TEST THE EFFECT OF DAMAGING THE LINING, LABORATORY TESTS WERE CONDUCTED WITH A CLEANED STEEL SURFACE COATED WITH A MEMBRANE MATERIAL. MORTAR MIX WAS APPLIED OVER THE MEMBRANE AND CURED, THE EDGES WERE SEALED WITH EPOXY, THE CEMENT WAS CRACKED, AND THE SPECIMEN WAS IMMERSED IN AERATED 5% BRINE FOR PERIODS RANGING FROM 21 DAYS TO A YEAR. THE RESULTS SHOW THAT CORROSION TAKES PLACES IN VARYING DEGREES BENEATH CRACKED CEMENT LININGS AND CAN BE PREVENTED THROUGH USE OF A MOISTURE BARRIER BETWEEN CEMENT AND STEEL. THE MOISTURE BARRIER MEMBRANE IS HIGHLY DESIRABLE WHEN IT IS NECESSARY TO USE CORROSION- SUSCEPTIBLE, ELECTRICALLY RESISTANT WELD PIPE WITH CEMENT LININGS.


To elucidate the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying seizures according to electroencephalogram (EEG) signals, a neurophysiologically-based neural mass model that can produce EEG-like signals was adopted to simulate ictal and interictal EEG signals. A delay unit and a gain unit were added to the Wendling model to fit EEG signals in the time domain. An optimal parameter set minimising the error between observed and simulated EEG was identified using a genetic algorithm. To compare the inhibition and excitation during the ictal and interictal periods, the model parameters were determined for two sets of EEG signals using the proposed method. The results show that the model with identified parameters can simulate the real EEG signal well, with a mean square error of 0.0315-0.2138. Fifty repetitions for every selected EEG signal showed that the dispersion of the identified parameters was small in most cases, and the identification procedure generally showed similar values. Comparison of the model parameters of seizure and non-seizure EEG signals showed enhanced excitability, attenuated inhibition, and a more concentrated energy distribution in the frequency domain during the ictal periods. The experimental results for long-term EEG signals revealed continuous changes in the model parameters during epileptic seizures.


Glogau (1920), Jones (1930), Rodger (1933), Irvin (1943), Emerson and Dowdy (1943) and Proud (1953) all confirm the above held view in their studies. Ito (1968) studied 324 normal and 336 abnormal cases in the age group 3-20 years by measuring the adenoid thickness and found adenoids to be abnormally hypertrophied in cases of chronic sinusitis, suppurative ear diseases and obstructed breathing.


Optimization of the process industry has been an issue of concern for process industry and control sector.Development and mathematical description of the optimal control,the optimal control research in recent years and the characteristics of the process industry are described in this paper.The present paper also makes a survey of optimal control applications in the process industry in recent years,and commands a broad prospect of the application of optimal control in the following years.


Abstract Background Racotumomab is an anti-idiotype vaccine, a mirror image of N-Glycolylneuraminic acid (NeuGcGM3), which mimics this ganglioside and triggers an immune response in various tumors. In this study we investigated the prognostic significance of tissue NeuGcGM3 expression level and prognostic as well as predictive value of circulating tumor cell count monitoring in patients on Racotumomab treatment. Methods Out of 48 patients characterized, 40 were non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), 12 stage III and 28 stage IV. 19 Adenocarcinoma and 21 Squamous Ca. 2 were small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and 6 with other carcinomas. Male/Female ratio was 3.36(37/11) and median age was 63 (31-84). All patients received Racotumomab as switch maintenance after chemotherapy. 7 PD-L1 (+) Pts also received check point inhibitors on progression. Expression of NeuGcGM3 was detected with 14F7 monoclonal antibody IHC staining and graded as 0,1+,2+ or 3+ according to intensity. Circulating tumor cell (CTC) count was monitored using Cell Sorter throughout the treatment course, before starting Racotumomab and every 3 months or on clinical progression. Results NeuGcGM3 IHC were performed 25 out of 48 patients whose paraffin blocks were available. 9 Patients had strong (3+), 12 had (2+) and 4 patients had (1+) NeuGcGM3 staining intensity. There was no statistically significant difference in the mean overall survival of the patients according to IHC staining level (1+) mean OS:55.3 months, (2+) mean OS:40.9 months, and (3+) OS:39.0 months. In 14 Patients, circulating tumor cell count was monitored from the blood and correlated well with clinical outcomes in 11 out of 14 patients (%78.5). Significant reduction of the CTC counts was compatible with clinical response whereas increased CTC counts were early messengers for clinical progression. Conclusions This study revealed that any grade of NeuGcGM3 positivity in the tumor tissue is adequate to select a patient for Racotumomab treatment regardless of the IHC intensity. We also concluded that CTC monitoring in patients receiving immunotherapy is a good predictive and prognostic tool. Legal entity responsible for the study Necdet Uskent. Funding Has not received any funding. Disclosure All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.


[ScCl2{N(SiMe3)2}(THF)2] – a Precursor for the Synthesis of Scandium Nitride

[ScCl2{N(SiMe3)2}(THF)2] (1) has been prepared by the reaction of [ScCl3(THF)3] with the trisamide Sc[N(SiMe3)2]3 in tetrahydrofurane solution forming colourless moisture sensitive crystals, which were characterized by a crystal structure determination. Space group P 1, Z = 2, lattice dimensions at –50 °C: a = 841.4(1), b = 924.2(1), c = 1550.0(1) pm, α = 90.046(7)°, β = 95.671(9)°, γ = 106.066(6)°, R1 = 0.0329. In the molecular structure of 1 the scandium atom has a distorted trigonal-bipyramidal coordination with the THF molecules in apical positions. At 400 °C 1 is converted into scandium nitride, ScN, by stepwise leaving of THF and ClSiMe3.


The mass of the τ lepton has been measured at the Beijing Electron Positron Collider using the Beijing Spectrometer. A search near threshold for e+e−→τ+τ− was performed, requiring that one τ decay via τ→eνν, and the other via τ→μνν. The mass value, obtained from a fit to the energy dependence of the τ+τ− cross section, is mτ=1776.9+0.4−0.5±0.2 MeV.


Substrate specificity of the crystalline neutral protease of B. amylosacchariticus was investigated using the B-chain of oxidized beef insulin as the substrate, and the results were compared with those of proteases obtained from other strains of Bacillus subtilis. The neutral protease split the B-chain at eleven sites of the peptide linkages, indicating the narrow specificity as compared with subtilopeptidase A, The results also indicated that the peptide bonds susceptible to the action of the neutral protease were mainly those involving amino group of hydrophobic amino acids and tyrosine, with a few exception. The enzyme showed potent activities in casein digestion at near neutrality and in milk clotting at pH 5.6, whereas it was completely inert on esters and keratin, and only slightly active toward elastin.


We review previous results providing sufficient conditions to determine the global dynamics for equivariant maps of the plane with a u niq e fixed point which is also hyperbolic.


This thesis focuses on employment termination conflicts between Indonesians and FCRs. Foreign Country Representatives argued that the Indonesia Industrial Relations Court lacks the authority to decide a quo issue since it has diplomatic and state immunity. This study uses normative legal approach and international and domestic law as sources. The 1961 Vienna Convention and the 1963 Vienna Convention, the International Labor Organization's Termination of Employment Convention 1982, and the United Nations Convention on Jurisdictional Immunities of States and Their Property 2005 are the primary sources of international law, while Indonesia's national laws are the Code of Civil Law, Act Number 2 of 2004 on Settlement of Industrial Relations (PPHI), Act Number 11 of 2020 on Job Creation, and a few others. The research also reviews three court decisions on Foreign Country Representatives' termination of employment with Indonesians and compares them to the aforementioned laws. This study found that terminated local employees can sue in Industrial Relations Court. Due to the defendants being foreign state representatives, the case must also comply with the employees' and Foreign Country representations' agreement (e.g. Embassy, Consulate). The Agreement between the two nations controls the Industrial Relations Court's authority in disputes involving Indonesian (local) workers and foreign country representations in Indonesia, as well as court judgements.


: In investigator-initiated clinical trials, protocols with inappropriate methods might cause bias. However, insufficient data are available to determine which items are important or difficult to discuss in protocol development. We recorded protocol-writing support conferences to determine what items methodologists and investigators discussed. We obtained approval from all applicants to attend our Intelligent Clinical Research and Innovation Center writing support conferences, recorded all the discussions, characterized them, and sorted the items iteratively. In 1 year, we had 18 conferences: nine early protocol conferences and nine rejected protocol conferences. The latter were rejected by the institutional review board, which requested consultation. The most discussed item was outcomes, accounting for ∼ 20% of the total discussion time. In three trials, the main problem was multiple primary outcomes. The second most discussed item was control. Early protocol conferences had more non-preliminary proposal items than rejected ones ( P , 0.001). This study showed important items (especially outcomes and control) for investigators to write protocols. Early protocol-writing conferences helped investigators find questionable items.


Background—Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) displays significant gender-based differences. 17&bgr;-estradiol (E2) plays an important role in this process because it can attenuate pressure overload hypertrophy via 2 distinct estrogen receptors (ERs): ER&agr; and ER&bgr;. However, which ER is critically involved in the modulation of LVH is poorly understood. We therefore used ER&agr;-deficient (ER&agr;−/−) and ER&bgr;-deficient (ER&bgr;−/−) mice to analyze the respective ER-mediated effects. Methods and Results—Respective ER-deficient female mice were ovariectomized and were given E2 or placebo subcutaneously using 60-day release pellets. After 2 weeks, they underwent transverse aortic constriction (TAC) or sham operation. In ER&agr;−/− animals, TAC led to a significant increase in ventricular mass compared with sham operation. E2 treatment reduced TAC induced cardiac hypertrophy significantly in wild-type (WT) and ER&agr;−/− mice but not in ER&bgr;−/− mice. Biochemical analysis showed that E2 blocked the increased phosphorylation of p38–mitogen-activated protein kinase observed in TAC-treated ER&agr;−/− mice. Moreover, E2 led to an increase of ventricular atrial natriuretic factor expression in WT and ER&agr;−/− mice. Conclusions—These findings demonstrate that E2, through ER&bgr;-mediated mechanisms, protects the murine heart against LVH.


This paper shows the development of Digital Thyristor GMA Welding machine system. This system using 8 bit microprocessor. The system has the digital welding process and also constant voltage using fuzzy controller.


The low efficiency of phosphorus fertilization in weathered soils can limit plant development. The application of biochars in these areas has been seen as an important way to increase the efficiency of phosphorus fertilization and to promote better plant growth. However, biochars are alkaline materials that can increase soil pH and thus change the nutrient dynamics, which has been often ignored in studies of this nature. Here, all treatments had their pH standardized at 6.1 to eliminate the influence of pH on biochar application responses. The main goal of this study was to evaluate the real potential of coffee straw and eucalyptus bark biochars, produced under different pyrolysis temperatures, in the optimization of phosphorus fertilization and the development of Brachiaria brizantha. A greenhouse experiment was set up in a 2 × 2 × 5 factorial scheme, conducted for 120 days. The biochars, prepared from coffee straw and eucalyptus bark at 350 and 600°C, were applied at five rates in a Red‐Yellow Oxisol. The application of biochars may reduce the demand for nutrients and correctives, optimize phosphorus fertilization and improve the development of Brachiaria brizantha, but this ability depends on the raw material and the pyrolysis temperature used in its production. All analysed biochars can contribute to higher tillering and dry matter production, but only coffee straw biochars and eucalyptus bark biochar produced at 350°C were efficient in the optimization of phosphorus fertilization until 120 days of cultivation of Brachiaria brizantha.


The main features of photolysis of organic polymers by the light 147.0 and 123.6 nm (resonance xenon and krypton lamps respectively) were investigated by methods of analysis of gaseous products by mass spectrometry, of analysis of polymer transiormation by UV and VUV absorption spectroscopy and of measurement of gel dose. The quantum yields of main products were measured for photolysis of polyethylene, polypropylene, polyisobutylene, polyisoprene, polybutadiene, silicone rubbers, polymethylmetacrylate and some other polymers. The quantum yields of products in the VUV photolyis are compared with radiation yields of these products in the radiolysis by gamma-rays


The principles for the proposed compilation of a map of recent geomorphological processes in the USSR at 1:2,500,000 are outlined. A highly detailed draft of the legend for this map is provided with an intricate breakdown of exogenous, endogenous, technogenic, and technogenically induced processes. Translated by Edward Torrey. Alexandria, VA 22308 from: Geomorfologiya, 1990, No. 1, pp. 4–14.


This prospective study investigated the effects of mild maternal stress during pregnancy on object permanence performance in rhesus monkey infants (Macaca mulatta). Beginning on day 45 postpartum, 24 rhesus monkey infants were tested four times per week on a series of tests examining Piagetian object permanence. Twelve infants were derived from females exposed to a daily 10-minute mild stressor during the midgestational period of pregnancy, while 12 were derived from females undisturbed during pregnancy. Prenatally stressed infants took longer to recover an object that was partially obstructed or observed to vanish from view, suggesting that prenatally stressed infants may be cognitively impaired. Implications of the findings for occupational therapy practice are discussed.


The seismic coherence attribute provides a quantitative vision of subsurface geological discontinuities by measuring the dissimilarity among adjacent seismic traces. The first coherence algorithm is based on cross correlation. It is not robust enough in the presence of noise by measuring coherence between only two adjacent seismic traces. It is also not sensitive to subtle faults which have small displacement. We propose a dip-steered, multichannel, correlation-based coherence algorithm in this study. This new algorithm first estimates local reflector dip values and calculates two averaged traces within local analysis window. It then measures trace similarity between these two averaged traces along the local reflector dip direction. Tests show that it is more robust than the traditional cross-correlation-based algorithm. Furthermore, this new algorithm is comparable with the eigenstructure-based coherence algorithm.


This chapter studies how 19th-century New York lacked a social safety net for the poor and dispossessed. Poverty was especially widespread among African Americans. The boom and the inequalities meant New York was a chaotic place, and much happened on the streets. A good many, native-born New Yorkers and immigrants alike, eked out a living as peddlers and hawkers. A dearth of reputable work also meant that many women found themselves forced into prostitution. The chapter then looks at the work of the reform movement, focusing on those like Charles Loring Brace who established homes for homeless newsboys. It likewise considers the formation of the City Reform League in 1852 in response to the rapacious ways of William Tweed and his fellow aldermen. Finally, the chapter highlights Fernando Wood's ascension as mayor of New York City, much of which was made possible by his control of the city's Municipal Police force and the support of street gangs such as the Dead Rabbits. His rule would lead to major riots along the city's streets.


In this paper, we propose a method to analyze radio frequency interference (RFI) from a device's internal noise. To provide a well-fitted analysis for a biomimetic chassis-mode antenna, RFI is analyzed based on characteristic mode theory (CMT). The relationship between CMT and RFI is derived using a reaction theorem.


With the wind turbine become larger due to technology development, the effects of wind load on the dynamic behaviors of wind turbine system play a more important pole, especially for offshore wind turbine system with floating platform. To research such effects, the dynamic behaviors of a new semi-submersible platform of a 10 MW wind turbine in 300 m deep seawater are studied in this study. Firstly, frequency domain analysis is done to show the performances of the semi-submersible platform and prepare hydrodynamic coefficients for time domain analysis. Then time domain analysis is studied with the consideration of the coupled load effects of the wind turbine floating platform, mooring lines and ocean environment. Main load components on the wind turbine floating platform are disposed, and the effects of wind load are studied as a key point. Though the result shows that wave load still dominates the contribution to motions of rolling, heaving and surging, the contribution of wind load becomes more important than current load in the operation case, which is different of traditional floating platform.


In the Sri Lankan Highlands erosion and chemical weathering represent the low end-member of global mountain denudation rates. In this tropical humid setting, highly weathered deep saprolite profiles have developed from high-grade metamorphic charnockite bedrock during spheroidal weathering of the bedrock. The spheroidal weathering produces rounded corestones and spalled rindlets at the rocksaprolite interface. We used detailed textural, mineralogical and chemical analyses to reconstruct the sequence of weathering reactions and their causes. The first mineral attacked by weathering was found to be pyroxene initiated by in situ Fe oxidation. Volumetric calculations suggest that this oxidation leads to the formation of micro-fractures allowing for fluid transport and the dissolution of biotite and plagioclase. The strong ensuing plagioclase weathering leads to formation of high secondary porosity over a small distance and eventually to the final disaggregation of bedrock to saprolite. The first secondary phases are oxides or amorphous precipitates from which secondary minerals (mainly


In the current study, birds (Columba livia ) were used as a new model
to study the effect of streptozotocin on the pancreas gland and the blood glucose
level. Three concentrations of 75,65,55 mg/kg were adopted for five consecutive
days with one IP dose daily. The experimental animals showed a gradual rise in
blood glucose the average glucose in the first week of the experiment was usual
for the three groups compared with the control group, while there was a significant change in the blood glucose level in the three groups at the end of the experiment (4th week), where the average glucose in the streptozotocin groups was 55
mg/kg (213.80 ± 12.43) mg/dl and the group 65 mg/kg(282.60 ± 16.78) mg/dl
and a group of 75 mg/kg( 371.0 ± 38.39) mg/dl.
Keywords: Streptozocin, Langerhans islands, pancreas.


Study Design. The Kaneda multisegmental instrumentation is a new anterior two‐rod system for the correction of thoracolumbar and lumbar spine deformities. This system consists of a vertebral plate and two vertebral screws for individual vertebral bodies and two semirigid rods to interconnect the vertebral screws. Clinical results of 25 thoracolumbar and lumbar scoliosis patients treated with this new instrumentation were analyzed. Objectives. To evaluate the efficacy of the new anterior instrumentation in correction and stabilization of thoracolumbar and lumbar scoliosis. Summary of Background Data. Since Dwyer first introduced the concept of anterior spinal instrumentation and fusion for scoliosis, anterior surgery has gradually gained acceptance. In 1976, a useful modification for the anterior spinal instrumentation, which reportedly provided means of lordosation and vertebral body derotation, was described. However, some authors reported a high tendency of the implant breakage, loss of correction, progression of the kyphosis, and pseudoarthrosis as the major complications. To overcome the disadvantages of Zielke instrumentation, the authors have developed a new anterior spinal instrumentation (two‐rod system) for the management of thoracolumbar and lumbar scoliosis. Methods. Anterior correction and fusion using Kaneda multisegmental instrumentation was performed in 25 patients with thoracolumbar or lumbar scoliosis. The average follow‐up period was 3 years, 1 month (range, 2 years to 4 years, 7 months). There were 20 patients with idiopathic scoliosis (13 adolescents and seven adults) and five patients with other types of scoliosis, including congenital and other etiologies. All patients had correction of scoliosis by fusion within the major curve, and for 16 of the 25 patients, the most distal end vertebra was not included in the fusion (short fusion). Radiographic evaluations were performed to analyze frontal and sagittal alignments of the spine. Results. The average correction rate of scoliosis was 83%. Over the instrumented levels, the correction rate was 90%. Preoperative kyphosis of the instrumented levels of 7° was corrected to 9° of lordosis. Sagittal lordosis of the lumbosacral area beneath the fused segments averaged 51° before surgery and was reduced to 34° after surgery. The trunk shift was improved from 25 mm before surgery to 4 mm at final follow‐up evaluation. The average improvement in the lower end vertebra tilt‐angle was 97% in those patients whose lower end vertebra was included in the fusion and 83% in patients whose lower end vertebra was not included in the fusion. Apical vertebral rotation showed an average correction rate of 86%. At final follow‐up evaluation, all patients demonstrated solid fusion without implantrelated complications. There was 1.5° of frontal plane and 1.5° of sagittal plane correction loss within the instrumented area at final follow‐up evaluation. Conclusions. New anterior two‐rod system showed excellent correction of the frontal curvature and sagittal alignment with extremely high correction capability of rotational deformities. Furthermore, correction of thoracolumbar kyphosis to physiologic lordosis was achieved. This system provides flexibility of the implant for smooth application to the deformed spine and overall rigidity to correct the deformity and maintain the fixation without a significant loss of correction or implant failure compared with conventional one‐rod instrumentation systems in anterior scoliosis correction.


Children are particularly vulnerable to disasters. As schools are an integral part of most communities, continuance of a school routine after a disaster is perceived by children as a sign of resiliency. Furthermore, schools also provide an avenue to supply recovery related support to children. However, contemporary crisis preparation models do not adequately address how children will continue their education and how educators and school mental health professionals will appropriately serve children when schools are destroyed after a disaster. One way to sustain school operations in the wake of disasters is through emergency online schools. Optimally, emergency online schools can offer immediate, sustained schooling and support services after a catastrophic disaster when the event makes it impossible for school buildings to operate. This paper examines the viability of and resources necessary for constructing and implementing emergency online schools with an eye toward broad socioeconomic and geographic application. Implications and future directions also are presented.


The utility model relates to a connector and a connector assembly, including a plate terminal connector which is suitable for being fixedly connected to a circuit board and a cable terminal connector which is suitable for electric signal transmission between the circuit board and other devices. The plate terminal connector possesses an inclined guiding path, through which the cable terminal connector is inclinely and insertedly connected to the plate terminal connector. The plate terminal connector possesses a first metal housing; the cable terminal connector possesses a second metal housing; the first housing is butted against the second metal housing to form an electromagnetic shielding structure; and the plate terminal connector and the cable terminal connector are fixed mutually. In the utility model, the electrical characteristic in signal transmission is more stable, and the integral height is reduced after the connectors are combined.


The present invention is the data read / write method, and relates to an apparatus, the input and output lines instead of a column decoding by using the line to enable the read / write operation, reduce the area of the chip data read / write method connected to a bit line, and It relates to an apparatus.


This study is trying to propose alternative methods for budget elaboration, in order to be able to forcast the budget. For presenting the practical part of ZBB (Zero Base Budgeting), we have decided to apply ZBB method for forecasting Cluj-Napoca budget - Chapter Education. To estimate the values of the principal expenditures we will study the data from a budgetary centre, and a tertiary unit. The accuracy of our predictions is trying to underline the necessity of using modern methods for budget elaboration.


A Kinetic study of the very low pressure thermolysis of phenylacetic acid above 900 K reveals that its decomposition occurs in a concerted manner, yielding toluene and carbon dioxide, probably via a four-centre transition state [reaction (1)] [graphic omitted] with log[k_∞(1)/s^(–1)]=[(13 ± 0.3)–(12 200 ± 500)]/T.


We report our measurement on longitudinal spin transfer, DLL, from high energy polarized protons to Λ and hyperons in proton-proton collisions at √s = 200 GeV with the STAR detector at RHIC. The current measurements cover Λ, pseudorapidity |η| < 1.2 and transverse momenta pT up to 4 GeV/c using the data taken in 2005. The longitudinal spin transfer is found to be DLL = −0.03 ± 0.13(stat) ± 0.04(syst) for inclusive Λ and DLL = −0.12 ± 0.08(stat) ± 0.03(syst) for inclusive hyperons with ⟨η⟩ = 0.5 and ⟨pT⟩ = 3.7GeV/c. The prospects with 2009 data and the future measurements are also given.


We would like to thank Passalacqua and Foufoula-Georgiou [2015.] for their comment on our work and their clarification of the GeoNet methodology [Passalacqua et al., 2010a]. The main concern that they express in their comment is on the use of user-defined parameters in our testing of the GeoNet method [Clubb et al., 2014]. In particular, they argue that the contributing area parameter, which we set at a constant value across each field site of 3000 m, should be changed for each field site according to either field-based knowledge of channel head locations, or based on scaling relationships from slope-area plots. In our reply, we aim to clarify our motivation for keeping a constant contributing area parameter for each field site, along with discussing the alternative strategies for channel identification and their applicability in different landscapes.


In the framework of NRQCD and parton model, we estimate in detail,the production cross section for polarized J/psi from B meson decays. In order to contrast with data, we also take into account additional J/psi production due to decay of excited charmonium states. We calculate the helicity parameter, alpha, and as an application, we study our results for the Tevatron. This is in contrast to the earlier studies which were performed for prompt J/psi production from p pbar collisions. Our estimates are, for J/psi from B decays, alpha_{J/psi} = -0.04 +- 0.06 and for B decays to psi', alpha_{psi'}= -0.03 +- 0.07. These results have been evaluated in the J/psi transverse momentum interval, 10 GeV < k_T < 30 GeV. In the limit of the color singlet model, alpha shows a direct dependence on the Peterson parameter, thereby reflecting the dynamics of the b quark hadronization. With Run II of the Tevatron, it is expected that the fits for alpha will improve by about a factor of 50, leading to better limits on the matrix elements.


Tax expenditures are of interests to researchers and practice-makers because of their implications for government policy goals; however, the lack of homogeneity in tax expenditures data lead to remarkable limitation on the number of research on this topic (Dom & McCulloch, 2019; von Haldenwang, Redonda, & Aliu, 2021). As the world confronts the COVID-19 pandemic, tax expenditures are back to being a contemporary topic, discuss the role of fiscal policies in financing inclusive development or post-pandemic recovery requirements (De Mooij, Fenochietto, Hebous, Leduc, & Osorio-Buitron, 2020; Dom & McCulloch, 2019; Harman et al., 2021). On the basis of secondary data analysis, this article focuses on analyzing aspects of Vietnam's tax responses in the period of 2019 - 2022 in order to draw a picture of Vietnam using fiscal tools to support recovery during the Covid-19 pandemic. The article finds similarities between Vietnam's tax expenditures and the global context, which is their importance during the Covid-19 period along with the limitations of systematic statistical data.


Author Nicholas Jose was born in 1952 in London, to Australian parents. From 1986 to 1990 he worked in Shanghai and Beijing, where he taught at Beijing Foreign Studies University and East China Normal University. Nicholas Jose was President of Sydney PEN from 2002 to 2005. He is now Professor of English and Creative Writing in the School of Humanities at the University of Adelaide. His books include the novels Original Face (2005), The Red Thread (2000), The Custodians (1997), The Rose Crossing (1994), Avenue of Eternal Peace (1989) Chinese whispers: Cultural Essays (1995) He is also general Editor of the Macquarie PEN Anthology of Australian Literature and the Literature of Australia. In china, he is a cultural celebrity among academics and has made outstanding contributions to China-Australian cultural and literary exchanges. In this interview, Nicholas Jose shares with us some stories behind his novel. He also talks about transnational literature and Sino Australian literary interactions, which offers us a new perspective to the study of Australian literature.


The recent theoritical interest in the body is in part due to several societal developments (the extension of consumer culture with its cult of the well-looking, eroticised body, as well as problems in the bio-political sphere such as AIDS and euthanasia) that have made the body a hot social issue. But it is also the result of specific developments in sociological theory. In this article an attempt is made t reconstruct some of these theorical tendencies. It is shown that at first the body occupied an excentric position in sociological theory and was simply conceptualised as a reflection of social surroundings, while later it gradually became more and more important. Different stages in this conceptual development are further exemplified : the body as instrument (M. Mauss), as symbol of the social order (M. Douglas) and as tamed materiality (B. Turner).


Detailed understanding of chemoreceptor cell transduction and filtering depends on precise control and thus measurement of the chemical stimulus. In contrast to vision and hearing, accurate stimulus measurement in chemoreception has not been possible at biologically relevant spatial and temporal scales. In this paper we introduce a new high-speed (200 hz) electrochemical method for the direct measurement of odor signals at biologically relevant space scales (10— 100 fim). We tested this system in three applications: (i) temporal and spatial features of odor plumes, (ii) stimulus calibrations in physiological recording chambers and (iii) boundary layer diffusion measurements within receptor structures.


Aims: Despite task absence the brain remains functionally and metabolically active exhibiting coherent activity in characteristic sets of brain regions, called resting state networks (RSN). RSN manifest as correlation patterns in "spontaneous" BOLD signal fluctuations with 10–100 s period [1]. Their origins remain obscure. Typically, in a wake resting state experiment data stems from subjects resting with eyes closed in the MRI scanner for ~10 min [2]. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that in resting state experiments subjects do not maintain constant wakefulness but that (1) the temporal profiles of RSN are influenced by fluctuations in vigilance and (2) cortical activity fluctuations by subcortical brain activity [3]. Method: We studied 55 non sleep-deprived German subjects with EEG-fMRI under above-mentioned conditions. Vigilance throughout the experiment was scored [4]. Next, a support vector machine classifier was trained to perform sleep staging [5] based on RSN functional connectivity matrices and applied to an independent resting state fMRI data set of 76 Chinese subjects [6]. Results: 50% of the 55 subjects did not maintain steady wakefulness until minute 5, vigilance state switches occurred up to a rate of 1/min. Sleep stage classifier performance was 87%, and results could be reproduced in the independent data set ("Chinese"). Excluding the thalamus from the classification procedure resulted in poorer (<70%) sleep scoring performance. Conclusion: 1. changes in vigilance occur at a similar temporal scale as that of RSN fluctuations. 2. RSN configuration is sleep stage specific and highly dependent on thalamic activity. 4. In classical resting state experiments up to 50% of the subjects do not maintain steady wakefulness for beyond 5 minutes. When proposing RSN differences as biomarkers for diseases [7], vigilance bias between patient (e.g. resulting from drugs, encephalopathy, age) and control groups needs to be controlled for. Literatur: 1. Fox, M.D. and M.E. Raichle, Spontaneous fluctuations in brain activity observed with functional magnetic resonance imaging. Nat Rev Neurosci, 2007. 8(9): p. 700-11. 2. Van Dijk, K.R., et al., Intrinsic functional connectivity as a tool for human connectomics: theory, properties, and optimization. Journal of neurophysiology, 2010. 103(1): p. 297-321. 3. Friston, K., Functional and Effective Connectivity in Neuroimaging: A Synthesis. Hum Brain Mapp, 1996. 2: p. 56-68. 4. AASM, The AASM Manual for the Scoring of Sleep and Associated Events- Rules, Terminology and Technical Specifications. 2007, Chicago: American Academy of Sleep Medicine. 5. Crisler, S., et al., Sleep-stage scoring in the rat using a support vector machine. Journal of neuroscience methods, 2008. 168(2): p. 524-34. 6. Biswal, B.B., et al., Toward discovery science of human brain function. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2010. 107(10): p. 4734-9. 7. Greicius, M., Resting-state functional connectivity in neuropsychiatric disorders. Curr Opin Neurol, 2008. 21(4): p. 424-30. Funding: Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung (grant 01 EV 0703) and Landes-Offensive zur Entwicklung Wissenschaftlich-okonomischer Exzellenz (LOEWE, Neuronale Koordination Forschungsschwerpunkt Frankfurt).


Following independence and building on Gorbachev's policy of perestroika, the democratic
process in the Central Asian states has stalled. This thesis presents a detailed study of political
developments in Uzbekistan and Tajikistan and argues that, contrary to recent studies on
region, the failure to democratise is a result of the employment of a form of nationalism
focused on their respective Presidents by the newly empowered elites of Tajikistan and
Uzbekistan. Previous scholars have argued that the development of authoritarianism in the
Central Asian republics was a result of the legacy of the Soviet rule, especially issues of
regionalism, clan politics, and the role of Islam in the area. This thesis argues that the
concerns with stateness, which have in turn led to the development of authoritarianism in
Central Asia, are of greater importance when considering the stalling of transition.
This thesis also argues that after the sudden collapse of the Soviet Union and the declaration
of independence, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan like many other former Soviet national republics,
were faced with the issues of nationalism, ethnicity, identity and territorial delineation. These
were the concerns that brought the issue of stateness to the fore, as many post-Communist
nation-states made claims and counterclaims on each other's territories. Many post-Soviet
countries faced issues of stateness, identity, nationalism and ethnicity, but Tajikistan and
Uzbekistan experienced different problems resulting from the Bolshevik policy of the national
delineation of Soviet Central Asia in the 1920s. The employment of personalised nationalism
in post-Communist Tajikistan and Uzbekistan has been the elites' strategy to address all these
issues: to maintain the stateness of their respective countries, as well as the unity of their
nation; to fill the ideological void of post-Communism; to prevent the rise of Islam; and to
legitimise their authoritarian practice.
In this context, the elites promoted and imposed on their native countries a titular form of
identity, grounded around the persona of the president, with the purpose of maintaining the
stateness and national unity of their countries. This has helped the Presidents to acquire
enormous power, which they have used to further their personal interests, develop
authoritarian rule and stall democratisation. This thesis concludes that an analysis of the
factors contributing to the development of authoritarian rule in Central Asia as a tool to
preserve the nation's stateness allows a better understanding of the reasons behind the stalling
of the transition to democracy in the region.


Objective To analyse the harm of ocular burn caused by chromate salt.Methods Clinical analysis of 12 patients(20 eyes) of ocular burn by chromate salt from the year 2003 to 2004.Results the chromate salt had more harm to ocular tissue and its treatment methods were different from normal acid burn.Conclusion It is important to prevent ocular burn caused by chromate salt.


Objective:To construct a recombinant plasmid enconding HCV core gene and induce the expression of core protein in the human hepatocyte and identify the core protein.Methods:HCV core gene was clone by using PCR from plasmid pBRTM/HCV1-3011 which concludes the full length of HCV gene.We recombined the core segment with expression plasmid pcDNA3.1(-) to construct eukaryotic plasmid pcDNA3.1(-)/core.Then the plasmid pcDNA3.1(-)/core was transfected into human hepatocytes by using poly-cation.The expression of core protein was detected by immunochemical staining method and Western blot.Results:The clone core segment had correct length and sequence the QSG7701 cells were successfully transfected and expressed core protein.Conclusion:We have successfully constructed eukaryotic expression plasmid pcDNA3.1(-)/core which included the HCV core gene.And the vector successfully expressed core protein in human hepatocytes these result provide a good core protein expression system for the study of the hepatocarcinogesis of the core protein and lay foundation for developing the HCV DNA vaccine.


We propose an image encryption scheme based on the double phase encoding in fractional Fourier transform domain for securing two gray-scale images. For encryption, an image to be encrypted is converted into a phase-only image using modified Gerchberg-Saxton algorithm, which serves as a fractional Fourier domain key for encrypting another image employing double random phase encoding framework. For decryption, original images are obtained using the concept of known-plaintext attack. The numerical simulation results are presented in support of the proposed scheme.


The main purpose of this study was to analyze how emotional factors such as anxiety, stress, and concern for the cancer recurrence influence the life quality of patients who are suffering any neoplasm, and to reach conclusions to improve the life quality of the patients by investigating the controlling effects of social supports for the patients in relations with the emotional factors. For this study, 150 subjects who were undergone for cancer treatments as outpatients or inpatients in a general hospital located in Changwon city were enrolled for self survey with structured questionnaires. Among them, survey data of 148(98.7%) subjects were analyzed. Main results were obtained from multiple regression analysis. That is, when the controlling effect of social supports in relation with the emotional factors such as anxiety, stress, and concern for cancer recurrence of cancer patients were analyzed, emotional factors which were considered as independent variables had negative influence on life quality. However, social supports which were controlling variables had significantly positive influence on life quality. Among the social supports, only family support variable showed a significant controlling effect in relation between the emotional factors such as anxiety, stress, and concern for cancer recurrence and life quality. The results of this study suggest that the efforts to reduce concerns on the emotional factors are required to improve life quality of cancer patients. Additionally, this study implies that the family support is the most important factor to improve life quality of the patients.


To improve the interaction between syndiotactic polypropylene (SPP) and fibrous cellulose (FC), the effects of the addition of maleated polypropylene (MAPP) and FC surface modification with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) on SPP/FC composites were studied with respect to the morphology and the tensile properties. The addition of MAPP brought about an improvement in the interfacial adhesion between SPP and FC according to scanning electron microscopy observations and tensile testing. This improvement was, however, less effective than the improvement in the interfacial adhesion between isotactic polypropylene (IPP) and FC. SPP and MAPP partially or microscopically phase-separated because of the IPP-like polymer chain structure of MAPP. With respect to the compatibility between SPP and FC, FC surface modification with APTES was more suitable. The increase in Young's modulus was remarkable in the SPP/silanized FC composite with APTES. The tensile strength of the SPP/silanized FC composite with APTES was, however, considerably lower than that of the SPP/FC/MAPP composite. These results suggest that interfacial improvement between SPP and FC requires a compatibilizer or a surface modifier with a suitable primary structure. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009


On the premise that access to natural language meaning, the result of a hybrid human-computer effort, belongs in cognitive computing, the paper explores the nature of such composable properties as SIZE or TASTE. Each is associated with a number of component properties, and every value of a composable property, as expressed by natural language expressions, such as large or small for SIZE or tasty, salty or sweetish for TASTE stands, in fact, for a combination of component properties, each with its own value (range). To emulate human understanding of composable properties, the computer must analyze them as having a varying number of component properties, each with its own specified value. Thus, large animal should be understood as an animal with a high value on at least one, salient component property and not necessarily (but quite possibly) on all. Because none of the component properties is actually explicitly mentioned, the computer understanding of the composable property SIZE is a step in the direction of machine understanding of implicit meaning, which is the holy grail of deep meaning analysis and the ultimate goal of this strand of research. Introduction to Property Composability The paper deals with an important semantic phenomenon that needs a more adequate representation in order to be understood and manipulated by computer correctly. It is based on the premise that access to natural language meaning is an important component of cognitive computing (cf. Taylor and Raskin 2013) and that, applied to a richer knowledge base, the powerful algorithms for big data will lead to higher precision in applications. The paper is based on limited data, and the human subject experiment is an initial exploration but the proposed treatment of composable properties and its computational implementation scales up to apply to hundreds of such properties in big data. The Need for Understanding/Representing Property Composability Correctly The following two brief dialogs seem to be perfectly ac-


The use of a combined Lewis acid/base system consisting of aluminum tris(2,6-diphenylphenoxide) (ATPH) and MeLi has allowed the electrophilically activated nucleophilic ("amphiphilic") cleavage of C(alpha)-C(beta) bonds in gamma-stannyl ketones. Through combination with the conjugate addition of alpha-stannyl carbanion to enone, this approach constitutes a novel two-step conjugate addition - cleavage sequence that leads to functionalized ketones (see reaction).


This chapter begins by discussing Erich Ludendorff's early career and memoir, the only document containing information about his prewar life. It recounts Ludendorff's time in Poland, in which he embarks on one brief tangent concerning the pernicious influence of the Catholic Church there, and makes occasional reference to a Masonic plot. The chapter then presents Ludendorff's role as the section chief, a position of enormous responsibility, from 1908 until 1913. In this role, he oversaw the technical section of the General Staff and was responsible for modernizing Germany's artillery, managing the army's communications, and evaluating and incorporating new technologies such as automobiles and aircraft. The chapter also elaborates the details of the Schlieffen Plan and the issue of army enlargement. Ultimately, the chapter discusses how the twin victories at Liège and Tannenberg established Ludendorff's reputation as a courageous officer and gifted operational commander.


Introduction Infant crying is exceptional among early behaviours for its central role in the survival, health and development of the child. The sound of crying is comprised of a myriad of temporal and acoustic characteristics that serve as a biological siren, a signal that alerts and motivates the caregiver to attend to the infant's needs. The perceived meaning of, and response to, this biological siren varies as a function of the specific combination of acoustic properties that comprise the cry. For this reason, the sound of infant crying plays an important role in the development of infants who are at risk for poor psychosocial outcomes due to prenatal and other conditions that adversely affect neurobehavioral organization. These infants often have distinctive, unusually high-pitched cry sounds that are particularly salient to caregivers and may contribute to the infant's future developmental course by eliciting responses that either ameliorate or exacerbate the infant's risk condition. The nature of responses to hyperphonated (high-pitched) cries depends on individual differences among caregivers and the perceptual set they bring to caregiver-infant interactions.


Some of the data could have been brought up past 1962 (e.g., Chapter IV). But, although there have been developments in Scandinavian regionalism since 1966, (e.g., the NORDEK negotiations and revival of the EEC question) none of these really impinges on the usefulness of the book. Tn a larger sense, it can serve as a reminder of the homely truth that not all regionalism need involve integration in the currently acceptable senses. Full-blown unification does not seem to have been entertained seriously as an objective, and its lack of attainment may not really amount to failure.


Pentacene organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) were fabricated and investigated with thermal oxide and a self-assembled SiO/sub 2/ (SA-SiO/sub 2/) nanoparticle thin-film as the gate dielectrics. SA-SiO/sub 2/ film functions well as a gate dielectric with a breakdown field larger than 0.57 MV/cm and leakage current less than 2 nA/mm/sup 2/ with an applied voltage of 20 V. Being a low-cost and low-temperature process, self-assembly is extremely suitable for OFET fabrication. Dual-gate pentacene FETs containing SA-SiO/sub 2/ thin-film are presented as a new structure with good performance.


This article brings together an experimental study involving L2 knowledge of negation in English and an analysis of how English language textbooks treat negation, in order to consider whether textbook explanations of negation could better exploit linguistic insights into negation. We focus on the English negative polarity item any, whose distribution is contingent on negation, whether through the explicit negator not or through lexical semantic negators (e.g. hardly). Our experiment compares Chinese-speaking learners with existing data from Arabic-speaking learners, finding lower accuracy on any with lexical semantic negators in both groups. Our textbook analysis reveals an approach to negation that is limited to form, focusing on the explicit negator not without explicit treatment of other types of negation. We propose that emphasizing the meaning of negation, with explicit treatment of the full range of negative forms could facilitate more complete acquisition across a range of grammatical properties where negation plays a role.


From the perspective of a supervising public health nurse at the Bunkyo Public Health Center (Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo), we reviewed the response to the novel coronavirus infection up to the end of May, and described the role of the public health nurses in coordinating the system of public health nurse activities, including information collection, clarification of issues, and allocation of support personnel, as well as the challenges for the future


12 Although timing of the termination of the African Humid Period (AHP) is relatively well13 established now, modes and controlling factors are still being determined. Here, through a 14 geomorphological approach, we characterize the evolution of the final regression of Lake 15 Turkana at the end of the African Humid Period. We show that lake level fall during this 16 period was not constant, yet rather stepwise consisted of five periods marked by rapid rates of 17 lake level fall separated by periods of lower rates of lake level fall. Even the overall regressive 18 trend is associated with regional decreased precipitations due to reduced insolation controlled 19 by orbital precession, we discuss the origin of the five periods of accelerated rates of lake 20 level fall. Finally, we propose that accelerations are associated with periods marked by solar 21 activity minima that locally resulted in the repeated westward displacement of the Congo Air 22 Boundary (CAB), thereby reducing rainfall across the Lake Turkana basin. 23 24 Solid Earth Discuss., doi:10.5194/se-2016-95, 2016 Manuscript under review for journal Solid Earth Published: 20 July 2016 c © Author(s) 2016. CC-BY 3.0 License.


By analyzing the rheological behavior and stress to the metal in cross-axle during a radial extrusion with floating-die, establishing a computational model of rigid-perfectly plastic and the stressing model similar to the forward extrusion, and introducing a simple forward extrusion calculation into a complicated radial extrusion calculation, a new calculation for radial extrusion is proposed, then the axial clamping force on female-die and other load parameters are calculated. Through verifying the result by Deform-3D numerical simulation, the formula proposed in this paper is approved to be of a relatively small error and a high accuracy, which can be applied to various calculations of forward extrusion model.


The preoperative demonstration of a lymphatic cyst of the mesentery by selective superior mesenteric angiography is reported.The classification, location, etiology, treatment, as well as the clinical and roentgenologic diagnoses, are briefly discussed.


Quality Risk Management (QRM) and Knowledge Management (KM) have been positioned as co-enablers to the Pharmaceutical Quality System since the 2010 issuance of ICH Q10. Yet these disciplines have remained largely distinct and disconnected in practice. This paper presents a two-part literature review on this topic. First is a review of how other industries have connected risk management and knowledge management. This is followed by a review of relevant biopharmaceutical industry regulatory guidance to explore expectations for how risk, risk management, knowledge and knowledge management are interdependent. The results suggest there is a strong argument in favor of linking risk management and knowledge management and other industries have demonstrated benefits in doing so. Furthermore, the review of the biopharmaceutical industry regulatory guidance shows the clear and persistent benefits of connecting the expectations of managing risk and knowledge together. A key conclusion is that risk varies inversely with knowledge application and therefore, a lower level of risk to quality (and ultimately to the patient) can be achieved through risk management practices when a thoughtful and programmatic approach to knowledge management is in place, providing the best possible knowledge to assess and control risk.


The study attributes to confirm the role of talbinah to adjust protein and mineral level as a nutritional problem of adult girls. Chemical composition of barley grains was examined. Nutritional value of talbinah was calculated. Body mass index as weight marker was calculated and nutrient percentages to Dietary Reference intakes (DRIs).  Hemoglobin (Hb), serum iron, ferritin, total iron binding capacity (TIBC), serum zinc and albumin were tested as biochemical blood data. The results of barley grains chemical composition recorded mild content of protein, fiber, calories and minerals. Calculated nutritional value of talbinah revealed high content of nutrients. Body mass index percent were high percent of ideal weight followed by overweight and low percent in obesity and underweight girls. On daily intake of talbinah the percent of macronutrients and vitamins were increased compared to DRIs in all groups. But minerals percent recorded high decrease in all groups. All blood results of Hb, serum iron, ferritin, TIBC, zinc and albumin levels were improved by girls taking 2 cups then 1 cup of talbinah. So, this results can confirm that use of the talbinah improved adult girl's nutritional status.


In this paper, we construct the Lax operator of the multi-component Boussinesq hierarchy. Based on the Sato theory and the dressing structure of the multi-component Boussinesq hierarchy, the adjoin...


Integrated library management system is focus of the work in building a digital campus,which is based on the portal platform and included uniform identity authentication integration,data integration and information sharing portal integration.Three major areas of the integrated objectives and methods are described,and the realization of practical technology solutions to access remote digital resources for which enable the staff to live in out of school through uniform identity authentication to visit it,which provide a reference for someone who engaged in this domain research work in other colleges and universities.


Euskadi Ta Askatasuna (ETA) announced in September 2010 that it was ending its armed campaign against the Spanish State. Since the late 1960s, ETA had waged a violent campaign that, at times includ...


This paper deals with market reactions to dividend announcements on the German stock market. Our study is based on a model of expected dividends with regard to the reluctance-to-change-dividends hypothesis. State-of-the-art models are used to detect price and volume reactions to dividend news. Empirical results provide evidence that announced dividend changes convey new information to the market. On average, stock prices move in the same direction as dividends. One can observe an increase in stock-return volatility in anticipation of expected news. For the entire sample, we find that trading volumes exhibit significant increases around dividend announcement dates. This supports the hypothesis that dividend change in either direction causes an increase in investors' propensity to revise their portfolios.


This paper examines the extent to which Georgia's lottery-funded HOPE Scholarship transfers resources. Unlike most papers that analyze lotteries, we determine the distributional impacts of both the program's revenue, obtained through the lottery, and its expenditures, distributed through the scholarship. Georgia's scholarship provides a unique opportunity to examine disbursements, because it is an entirely new program and the beneficiaries of the increased spending can be clearly identified. The lottery revenue results confirm the basic conclusions from other studies. Counties with relatively large shares of African Americans, low-income and poorly educated people spend relatively more on lottery tickets, and bear the largest share of the implicit lottery tax burden. However, our estimates of lottery sales go beyond the existing literature by including important variables like religious commitment and the amount of transfers from the government. The fraction of black Baptists significantly lowers lottery purchases and areas that receive more unemployment and income maintenance payments from the government spend significantly more on lottery tickets. The black Baptist effect is larger than any other SES variable. Because the religious commitment of African Americans dampens lottery purchases and is highly correlated with the percentage of African Americans, previous studies of lottery sales suffer omitted variable bias and underestimate the coefficient on the black variable. The distribution of resources through the HOPE Scholarship definitely does not ameliorate the initial differences. Scholarships are more likely to be awarded to counties with higher per capita incomes, thus exacerbating the difference from the lottery sales. Counties with larger percentages of African Americans are awarded scholarships at a higher rate to private institutions, which comprise only about 5% of the total award recipients. In contrast, counties with large shares of African Americans receive significantly fewer scholarships to state institutions, which constitute about 60% of recipients. Counties with larger shares of poorly educated African Americans receive less aid to all types of institutions.


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A method for obtaining a dynamical route through a navigation system includes the steps of obtaining multiple destination navigation routes based on destination information, the location of the start point of the route, roads image information and multiple route choices, so as to allocate each destination navigation route to one of the route choices, the destination navigation routes having same route before a bifurcated point and having at least two different routes after the bifurcated point; outputting the same route before the bifurcated point; outputting selection information about at least two different routes; receiving information about driving behavior which may performed by a driver and shows the preferable route that the drive has chosen over at least two different routes; selecting subgroup of the destination navigation routes corresponding to the preferable route; and outputting the preferable route until the next bifurcated point (250) or the destination.


In this paper the principle of frequency coded pulse(FCP) signal radar has been analyzed,and the ambiguity function of the frequency coded pulse-signal has also been derived.A criterion named ambiguity similitude for optimizing FCP signal has been proposed and two coding rules for optimizing FCP signal have been presented.The optimized coding results have been given in the end.The high range-velocity resolution performance of optimized FCP signal has also been concerned in this paper.


Despite great strides made in transforming the State from authoritarian rule to multi-party democracy since 1994, the government of South Africa is facing the challenge of high influx of migrants especially from African countries north of the Limpopo River. The project of building a Rainbow Nation has been mainly centred on racial transformation but the high influx of migrants especially from African countries resulted in the reproduction of new forms of hatred and resentment. The new African migrants increased the competition of accessing national resources in a country with high inequalities yet with plenty of resources. It may be suggested that the increase in xenophobic violence since the early 2000s might be posited in a broader context. This study insisted on the argument that the xenophobic violence against African immigrants in South Africa is also embodied in the new ethnic constructions of nationalism in Africa in the era of globalisation where human mobility has become an important element in defining the African political landscape and access to resources. Historically, tensions and conflicts among ethnic groups in colonial and post-colonial sub-Saharan Africa, in general, also manifested the competitions resulted from the desire to control national resources and safeguarding social order. Xenophobic violence reflects discriminatory tendencies which are not only driven by the desire to legitimise entitlements to national resources but also of perceiving African non-nationals as a threat to social order and ethnic identity.


The deficiencies in the current management practices in terms of rising inequalities, waning corporate ethical environment and absence of cultural context have become the crucial causal antecedents of change. In cultural context, the multidimensional space of spirituality adds ethics, notion of self-development and environmental activism in management discourses. The objective of this paper is to elucidate the strong interconnectedness between Indian spirituality and sustainable development goals and to bring better understandings and perspectives for the novel paradigm shift in management. Indian spirituality and philosophy outline the underlying ontological framework required to counter ambiguity for contemporary sustainable development agenda and help to develop organic perception for sustainable development goals. Indian spirituality brings an enriching perspective on the methods of improving ecological consciousness, communitarian roots and compassion at workplace among others.


David Selbourne returned from Bucharest in January 1990 having witnessed the startling events in the overthrow of communism in Eastern Europe. In this book he gives an account of what led up to these political changes, based on discussions with a wide range of men and women, both in power and out. When he began to write his book, he was obliged to disguise the names of his informants to protect them, but in the final chapters their identities are restored as many of them find themselves thrust into the centre stage of political leadership. Selbourne suggests that the transformations which are occurring in Eastern Europe reflect those of the French Revolution, exactly 200 years earlier.


The inconsistencies and variations in design of pavements arising from using different methods has become a critical issue in Sudan. This paper is aimed to develop a structural design procedure for flexible pavements in order to simplify the design process by using a software program and provide a uniform structural design result. The literature of the conventional design methods commonly experienced in Sudan was intensively reviewed. In fact, these design methods were not designed to cater for the current needs and conditions of Sudan. Thus, an attempt was made to establish a simplified design procedure to accommodate the ever increasing traffic loads, available pavement materials and significant change in climate conditions in Sudan. Based on previous experiences, a design chart for a particular set of traffic loading and CBR values of subgrade soils and granular materials was developed. A software program using Visual Basic language of the Microsoft was created to facilitate the design process. To verify the validity of the developed design chart, three existing roads in Khartoum were redesigned by the new design chart and compared with their previous designs. The results proved that the new design is more realistic, reliable, and accurate design than the previous design. Therefore, adopting the developed design procedure in Sudan might help in enhancing the performance and sustainability of roads. Finally, recommendations are provided for further improvement in design of pavements in view of future developments.


A general selective modal control design methodology is presented for piezolaminated anisotropic shell systems, which uses selective modal transducers recently developed by the authors for piezo-shells in order to realize any number of possible modal control strategies. A selective modal control design procedure, which dee nes a step-bystep framework through which structural and control subdesign processes are effectively integrated, is specie ed. Several conditions that sufe ciently ensure asymptotic stability are derived and then discussed in the context of deriving selective modal control methods, which are stability-robust to modeling and implementation errors. Several design examples are given. A numerical example is then presented in which a stability-robust optimal selective modal control design is developed for a cantilevered anisotropic cylindrical shell panel. Maintaining a linear feedback law, a selective modal transducer is employed, whose design parameters were chosen so as to optimize the system response to a given initial excitation. Frequency and transient response analyses demonstrate a dramatic enhancement in system performance and are shown to accurately concur with theoretical predictions.


Introduction In Hospital the safety and satisfaction of the patients become the main priority in providing the health services. One of services in the hospital is food service of provide a right diet in order to help healing the process of a disease. The precision of diet for the patients is influence by several factors, including: education, knowledge, and tenure of the involved employees.
Purpose To determine the relationship of education level, knowledge level on diet, tenure of the food distribution employees to the precision of diet for the patients in RSUD RAA Soewondo Pati.
Research Method This is a descriptive analitical research using the cross sectional approach. 24 subjects were recruited and data were analyzed using chi square test.
Results of the Research The study result shows that the majority of the employees' educational level was an advance education (87.5%), the majority of knowledge level was good (70.8%), and the majority of employees' tenure was long (75%). Statistic analysis shows that there was a relationship between the education level and the precision of providing diet (p : 0.000). However, relationship of and education to precision of providing diet was found.
Conclusion there was a relationship between the knowledge level on diet and the precision of providing the diet to the patients. However there was no significant relationship between the education level and the precision of the patiens diet. There was also no relationship of the tenure and the precision in providing diet to the patiens.


It is believed that high antibiotic consumption and horizontal transfer of resistance genes are two major causes of antibiotic resistance in bacteria. To confirm or reject this belief, we studied the role of drug administration in antimicrobial resistance (AMR), prevalence of Class I and II integrons and integron-mediated resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from human and animal specimens. Recording demographic data, E. coli from different specimens including human, chicken, cattle and sheep was isolated followed by phenotypic antibiotic susceptibility testing and detection of Class I and II integrase genes. The correlation between integrons and resistance (P value) was evaluated using SPSS software. According to demographic records, chickens received the highest dose and variation of antibiotics. As expected, the most prevalent MDR strains and integrons were found in chicken strains. Chi square analysis showed a significant correlation between integrons and resistance pattern mostly in E. coli strains isolated from chicken rather than other specimens. Our survey confirmed that the use of antibiotics is strongly associated with the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance and integrons in commensal E. coli. Such results confirm that high doses of antibiotics and selection pressure may remove susceptible intestinal microorganisms followed by resistant ones.


In the caudate‐putamen of the rat a patch/matrix organization can be recognized on the basis of the immunohistochemical distribution of several markers, which include enkephalin, substance P, dopamine, and calcium‐binding protein. In the present experiments the distributional relations of these markers were investigated in the nucleus accumbens. The distribution of enkephalin fibers shows different inhomogeneities according to their location in the nucleus. Rostrally, heavily labeled areas stand out against a moderately stained background, whereas caudally, in medial and ventral parts of the nucleus, lightly stained areas delineate regions in the moderately stained neuropil. In the distribution of substance P, areas with high staining intensity were observed in the medial and ventral parts of the nucleus accumbens. Inhomogeneities in the distribution of strong dopamine immunoreactivity consist of weakly immunoreactive areas throughout the rostrocaudal extent of the nucleus accumbens and extremely heavily labeled areas in the medial and ventral parts of the nucleus. Calcium‐binding protein immunoreactivity can only be detected in dorsal parts of the nucleus. The generally intense immunostaining for calcium‐binding protein is interspersed with "blanks" of weak immunoreactivity.


Abstract This study uses interviews with 64 Canadian and 65 United States scientists to compare and contrast their perspectives with respect to environmental policy making across borders, both geographic (Canada versus United States) and disciplinary (natural versus social science). The findings indicate that important imbalances remain between Canadian and United States scientists' perceptions about cross‐border pollution. There appears to be a great divergence between the responses of natural and social scientists in the United States and a robust similarity between the responses of natural and social scientists in Canada. In the end, the results support the view that issues centered on the Canada‐United States environmental borderlands remain firmly linked to national differences and issues centered on the science‐ policy linkage remain substantially linked to disciplinary differences.


Abstract: The use of Model Jigsaw With Picture Media in Increasing English Learning Students in Grades V SDN 2 Wonoyoso. The experiment aims to improve English learning in class V by using Jigsaw model with media picture. The experiment was conducted in three cycles. The subjects were 28 students of class V SDN 2 Wonoyoso. Source data came from students, peers and documents. Data collection techniques used observation, tests, and documents. The validity of the data using triangulation of data sources and methods. The data analysis technique use is quantitative and qualitative analysis. The results showed that the use of jigsaw model with media picture can improve English learning fifth grade students SDN 2 Wonoyoso. Keywords: Model Jigsaw, Picture Media, Learning, English.


Water companies play a strategic role in the economy of each country and determine the sustainability of the related resources involved. It is therefore interesting to analyze the profitability of water companies, operating in particular during the sales phase, during a ten years period. The aim of this paper is to analyze the profitability of the aforementioned companies, to check how they have affected by the effects of the reforms of public services. To this end, data from the AIDA database relating to Italian companies in the sector were used. The profitability of these companies has been analyzed using the main profitability, ROA and ROE ratios. An analysis of the trends of these indices was carried out for the period 2008-2017 and an ANOVA oneway. In this way, it has been verified whether the reforms of public services have affected the profitability of water companies in Italy.


Seven glass beads from Bupwha-ri site, Yeongdong dated Joseon dynasty were analyzed with SEM/EDS and X-ray diffraction methods. Six samples were classified to potash glass system() with HCA(High CaO and ) and high concentration of MgO suggested raw materials to plant ashes. Especially one sample from tomb no. 8 was highly different concentration of and MgO with others. It was shown that they were different sources of raw materials. Mostly coloring agents of potash glasses were owing to Fe and Cu. One sample was found to lead glass system(PbO-) with 12% PbO. The content of PbO was differentiated with other lead glasses since we analyzed so far. It needs more study for compositions of lead glasses with regions and ages.