Membrane protein from the lateral geniculate bodies and superior colliculi of the rabbit brain was subjected to sequential solubilization with various solvents. The solubilization media was: EDTA at low ionic strength, 1 M NaCl, chloroform-methanol, 6 M urea, lithium diiodosalycylate and sodium dodecyl sulphate. Each solubilized fraction was subjected to electrophoresis in the presence of dodecyl sulphate in order to study its polypeptide composition. It was found that treatment with EDTA, NaCl and urea could solubilize about 40 per cent of the membrane proteins. A large number of polypeptides was found among the EDTA and NaCl soluble proteins. Urea solubilized preferentially a polypeptide with a mol. wt. of 22,000. Lithium diiodosalicylate solubilized a polypeptide with a mol. wt. of 52,000. The remaining membrane fraction, which was solubilized with dodecyl sulphate, showed a complex polypeptide composition. The dominating polypeptides had mol. wts. of 22,000, 52,000 and 95,000.


.......................................................................................................................................... ii List of Tables ................................................................................................................................... v List of Figures ................................................................................................................................. vi Chapter 1 : Introduction ............................................................................................................... 1 Chapter 2 : Background................................................................................................................. 6 Chapter 3 : Methodology ............................................................................................................ 14 Chapter 4 : All Tornadoes, Results and Discussion ................................................................. 23 Chapter 5 : Extreme Tornadoes, Results and Discussion ....................................................... 43 Chapter 6 : Conclusion ................................................................................................................ 57 References .................................................................................................................................... 61 Appendix A: Tornado Rating and Counts Boxplots ................................................................. 64


This study is an attempt to examine fashion elements appearing in the cover-page design of fashion magazines published in Korea and aims to find Korea#s own fashion identity in fashion styling and designing of those fashion magazines. In order to do so, the study reviewed the related literature and analyzed the issues of Vogue and Harper#s Bazaar magazines published between 2004 and 2006. The results of the study can be summarized as follows: In case of fashion photographs, the largest number of 72 sampled cover-model photographs is in approximately three-quarter cut size. For the items, most take the form of one-piece dress and feature the use of a variety of accessories. In case of dresses, most are the creations of foreign designers and famous fashion models or celebrities show up, mostly alone, as features on the cover pages. Because of the nature of fashion magazines, their primary emphasis is put on the dress among other things, but on the other hand some of those magazines have differential cover pages where the model#s face is highlighted with the look of makeup or a famous female actress stands out. However, the fashion in designing the cover pages of magazines is, rather than to show the dress itself, to create a new combination of different elements as total fashion or convey an image based on such a fashion style.


The total heavy metal concentrations of some environmentally toxic metals in sediments of the Pennington River System, Bayelsa state, Nigeria was examined. The concentrations of heavy metals in each fraction were determined using a ANALYST 400 Perkin - Elmer AAS. The mean concentrations (mg/kg) for the six metals in dry season sediment samples were: 0.14±0.17(As), 0.39±0.55(Co), 2.43±5.06(Cu), 26.82±22.19(Fe), 0.69±1.10(Pb), and 1.22±1.19(Zn), while the mean met al concentrations (mg/kg) in wet season samples were:0.11±0.18(As),0.37±0.6(Co), 2.07±4.35(Cu), 26.65±24.79(Fe), 0.61±1.08(Pb), and 1.11±1.00(Zn) respectively. Speciation study applying the five - stage sequential extraction scheme revealed that As, Co, and Pb in sediment prevails mostly in exchangeable fraction. Cu and Zn were more prevalent in residual fraction, while Fe was found more in residual and Fe/Mn - Oxide fractions. In an attempt to infer anthropogenic input from natural input, comparison with sedim ent quality guideline (SQGs) and ecotoxicological sense of heavy metal contamination was employed. The concentration of the studied heavy metals in Pennington River System does not pose a threat to the sediment dwelling fauna and anyone who consumes aquati c animals, particularly fish, from the Pennington River. According to SQGs, the studied heavy metals of the Pennington River sediments were under the category of non - polluted.


This paper presents a linear programming (LP) based approach for the alleviation of line overloads by generation rescheduling and load shedding. The algorithm is based on solving a linearized set of optimal equations. The objective function for generation rescheduling is to minimize the linearized system operating cost while satisfying the system equality and inequality constraints. In respect to load shedding scheme, the objective function is to minimize the total load demand to be shed taking into account the operating constraints of the maximum load that can be shed; to ensure a minimum service at each bus; and the step of load to be shed. The results for the 6-bus and 25-bus test systems are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.


It is intended to improve the reliability of the handrail connection section. By cutting the belt-shaped molded product one end of the back (10a) and the other end of the back of (10a), a first step of the exposed tension member (4) from the end portion, one end of the belt-like molding heating the side, softened one side of the resin member (11) removed over a defined width from the end face, a second step of exposing the fabric (2) from one end of the end portion of the belt-shaped molded product (a), the belt the other end of the Jo molding was heated in the heating jig abdominal portion (10b) and (13) attached, and a third step of the other end of the abdominal cavity of the belt-shaped molded product (the 10b) recessed than ambient the adhesive after application to the other end of the terminal of the belt-like molding one end of the terminal (a) or a belt-like molded product (B), and one end side of the terminal of the belt-shaped molded product (a) other a fourth step of fitting the end side of the terminal (B), the resin in the fitting portion of the belt-shaped molded product (23) (2 ) Supplemented with fitting portions which the resin (22) is supplemented with (23) and hot pressing, a fifth step of fusing the other end of the terminal (B) and one end of the terminal (A) the method of an endless and a handrail (10).


The HIV prevalence rate among adults aged 15–49 in Lesotho was estimated at 23.2% in 2008 (Khobotle et al, 2009), making it the third highest in the world. It is estimated that there are around 270,000 people living with HIV/AIDS in the country, with 60 people dying every day from AIDS complications. Evidence suggests that Multiple Concurrent Partnerships (MCP)constitute a significant driver of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Lesotho. The Modes of Transmission study, undertaken by the Lesotho NAC, estimates that MCP is linked to more than 60% of all new HIV infections. Furthermore, concurrent partnerships often go unreported by the person with more than one partner and in Lesotho.


A number of techniques have been advocated for the treatment of recurrent temporomandibular joint dislocation. Autologous blood injection around the articular capsule and/or into the articular cavity, which is one of the treatment modality, was recently reintroduced. This article discusses a technique of autologous blood injection for the management of recurrent temporomandibular dislocation, in a 22 year old male. The outcome was successful and required no further treatment in one year follow up, as the procedure has proven to be safe, simple, minimally invasive and cost effective.


Abstract The white-nosed coati, Nasua narica , lives in large social groups, called bands, and displays a variety of complex cooperative behaviours. These behavioural patterns, such as coalition support, may influence the ability of an individual to gain access to limited resources and have attracted theoretical attention because they may be maintained by reciprocal altruism. To better understand the mechanisms influencing cooperation, coalition dynamics and time individuals spend away from the band, the relationship between kinship and specific social behaviours was assessed. The genetic relationships of individuals from six coati bands were estimated by measuring the similarity of multilocus DNA fingerprints. Results showed that coati bands primarily consist of highly related individuals. The variance in relatedness was high, however, and four bands contained some individuals that were unrelated to other band members. Males who monopolized access to band females during the breeding season did not sire most offspring. Unrelated individuals spent more time away from the group than did band members with close relatives in the band. Moreover, unrelated individuals received more aggression from band members and received less coalition support than did individuals with close relatives in the band.


Using a theory of three dimensional flow with two relative flow surfaces, velocity distribution pattern in flow passage through main components of centrifugal fan such as impeller, volute, etc is obtained and a mathematical model of gross loss with multiple coefficients is set up by considering mutual correlation and influence among different kinds of losses. The relevant coefficients in the loss model are determined by employing the experimental data available for backward coetrifugal fans and the optimization scheme as well. The validity of this model has been verified by experiments.


Introduction: In Uganda, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) was first reported at Kasensero landing site in Rakai district, in the South Western region in 1982. The district has continued to experience high HIV rates at 12% compared to the national average of 7.3% with relatively higher vertical transmission rates. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the individual determinants of adherence to feeding guidelines for infants born to HIV positive mothers in Rakai District, Uganda. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was used with a sample size of 138 respondents and employing quantitative method of enquiry. A non-probability sampling strategy called consecutive sampling was used to sample the mothers with HIV. Data were analyzed using SPSS to generate descriptive and bivariate analysis data. Results: Individual determinants found to have a statistically significant influence to feeding guidelines for infants born to mothers living with HIV were: Age (X2 = 45.967, P-value = 0.000), Number of children (X2 = 93.069, P-value = 0.000), Number of children given birth to since diagnosis (X2 = 18.604, P-value = 0.000), income per month (X2 = 50.477, P-value = 0.000), ever had breast complication (X2 = 15.039, P-value = 0.000), disclosure of HIV status (X2 = 10.740, P-value = 0.001), quantity of breast milk produced (X2 = 10.637, P-value = 0.0005) and whether mothers attended antenatal care services (X2 = 38.613, P-value = 0.000). Conclusion: Age, Number of Children, Number of Children given birth to since diagnosis, breast complications, disclosure of HIV status, quantity of breast milk produced and utilization of antenatal care services were found to have an association with the adherence to feeding guidelines among HIV positive mother and this was statistically significant. Recommendation: General improvement of socio-economic status of the mothers should be done and be given priority so that in turn it will enable the women to adequately focus on maintaining optimum and the health of their children.


Aiming at the problems of particle degeneracy and particle impoverishment in particle filter,this paper proposed a new particle filter which based on adaptive artificial fish school algorithm(AAFSA-PF).The new algorithm introduced the foraging behavior and cluster behavior into particle filter,adjusted the step and the view of artificial fish adaptively.The new algorithm increased the diversity of particles,overcoming the problems of particle degeneracy and particle impoverishment,driving the particles move to the optimum area,overcame the problem that particles are easy to fall into local optimum area,enhanced the global search ability of particles.Simulation results show that,compare with the conventional particle filter and the existing artificial fish school particle filer,the new algorithm improve the estimation accuracy effectively.


Recent experimental data showing the interplay between fusion hindrance effects and the onset of the quasi‐fission mechanism are presented. The aim of such investigations is understanding the role of entrance channel properties on the competing fusion‐fission and quasi‐fission processes, also in connection with the possible implications for superheavy element production. In this context, the role of mass asymmetry, nuclear deformation and shell effects is discussed.


Described in some detail here is the increasingly close economic tie between the "old" Hollywood film business and the "new" television programming production business located in the same area—and using the same people, facility, and funding. Indeed, what is discussed here is really a new amalgam of the two formerly separate industries. Dr. Guback is a research associate professor while Mr. Dombkowski is a research assistant at the Institute of Communications Research at the University of Illinois at Urbana.


Background: Concomitant placement of Feeding Jejunostomy (FJ) tubes is common after pancreaticoduodenectomy for optimizing postoperative nutrition. The aim of this study is to determine the role FJ tube placement for postoperative nutrition following pancreaticoduodenectomy.Methods: All patients undergoing concomitant FJ following pancreaticoduodenectomy (Whipples procedure) from July 2014 to July 2016 were reviewed retrospectively. FJ feeds were routinely started on POD 2. Jejunostomy feeds were discontinued once patient is able to take adequate oral feeds. Data were represented by frequency and mean.Results: A total of 28 patients underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy in the study period and concomitant FJ was performed in all those patients. A total of 18 (64.3%) were men and mean age was 47.1 years. Majority (25, 89.3%) of these patients had malignancy as an indication for surgery. Only 6 out of 28 (21.4%) patients required nutrition supplementation through FJ on POD 7. Only 2 out of 28 (7.1%) patients required FJ feeds on POD 30. None of these patients had tube related complications in 30-day postoperative period. There was no FJ related mortality in 30-day postoperative period. The patients who required prolonged FJ feeds had grade C pancreatic leak, gastrojejunal anastamotic leak and GJ anastamotic stricture.Conclusions: Concomitant FJ can be used as a routine in patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy. It is especially beneficial among patients requiring prolonged postoperative nutritional supplementation due to grade c pancreatic leak and gastrojejunal anastamotic leak. Literature review suggested that one third of the nasojejunostomy tubes dislodge and TPN doubles the risk of infection, hence FJ is considered safe and effective adjunct for patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy.


The invention discloses a wind power generation maximum output power tracking method and system based on rotation speed control. The method comprises the steps that a power given value is obtained according to the current rotation speed and the reference rotation speed; the feedforward power is determined according to the current rotation speed; the power given value is added to the feedforward power to obtain the power given value before amplitude limiting, and dynamic amplitude limiting is conducted to obtain the power given value after amplitude limiting; the output power of a wind driven generator is subtracted from the power given value after amplitude limiting, and a current given value is obtained through PI control; and the output current of the wind driven generator is subtracted from the current given value, and a control signal used for controlling the wind driven generator to generate power is obtained through PI control. The system comprises a rotation speed outer loop unit, a feedforward power searching unit, a power given unit, a power given amplitude limiting unit, a power inner loop unit and a current inner loop unit. By the adoption of the wind power generation maximum output power tracking method and system, the sensibility of external parameters containing wind speed measurement and a maximum power curve can be tracked with the maximum power, and the maximum power point can be tracked rapidly and accurately.


Based on an analysis of the hybrid P2P model, this article puts forward a design for a P2P system based on mobile central servers. This improvement on hybrid P2P can efficiently solve the problems of single-node-failure and high maintenance cost in a hybrid P2P model.


Artificial visible and near-visible electromagnetic radiation is produced and characterized in several different ways. From incandescent light bulbs and gas-discharge lamps to LEDs and lasers, light sources have been evolving for years. This chapter describes the various ways that light is produced as well as standardized. The first section discusses some of the different types of sources of radiation. Illustrated along with the different sources are examples of their uses. With all these sources, standardization and calibration are very important. The second section will discuss how, along with improved technology, the methods and procedures used to realize standards have evolved. Discussed is the evolution of radiation standards leading to the current method of realizing them. In addition, we discuss the methods used to calibrate optical devices using these standards.

Keywords:

luminous flux; incandescence;
fluorescence;
candela;
luminous intensity;
integrating sphere;
lamp;
detector-based;
blackbody;
discharge tube;
arc tube;
optical sources;
optical standards


The changing fields of pulmonary disease and cardiology and growing interest in the heart-lung interface make a text which deals with modern topics and advances particularly attractive. This third edition includes not only chapters on new developments but newly written chapters on common clinical pulmonary and cardiac problems encountered by the practitioner. Most chapters deal with structure and function and their interrelationships as a basis for understanding disease processes and possibilities in management. The 53 chapters are written mostly by well-recognized authorities in their respective fields and are current, representing recent advances in research and thought. Excellent chapters on pediatric respiratory problems are included. Discussions on diffusion and blood gas exchange are particularly good as are the disease-oriented chapters dealing with chronic lung diseases. The excellent charts and extremely good illustrations make this a handsome and interesting text. All but one chapter are nicely referenced and together include a wealth


Guidelines are being developed to help State Highway Agencies (SHAs) in the selection and design of long life pavements using existing in-place pavements. There is currently very clear design guidance and procedures for designing new long life pavements in terms of new or reconstruction. Guidance that does consider the use of existing pavement is typically directed toward pavement rehabilitation with some determinate life expectancy (ARA, 2004). There is no clear and specific guidance for designing and building long life pavements using existing pavements in place. Using the existing pavement in the design and construction of long life pavements offers numerous advantages both in facilitating rapid renewal of the roadway and in the sustainability aspect of utilizing existing materials. Using the existing pavement significantly reduces the mass movement of materials in and out of the project, and in many cases can facilitate the staging of traffic during construction as part of a cost effective rapid renewal strategy. The approaches found for designing long life pavements using existing pavements presented in the R-23 guidelines are similar to what many agencies currently use, with a few additions from international practice. It was discovered that most agencies use one or more of the approaches contained in the guidelines but have abandoned or no longer consider several of the approaches because of past construction problems. It was found that the assessment of the existing pavement and use of the appropriate design and attention to construction details are critical features of the process. An overview of the form of the guidelines and the detailed information contained in those guidelines are presented, including project assessment, design guidance, critical construction aspects, and guide specifications.


EU member countries are still lacking behind with the sustainable development goals and CE development. It relates to business orientation to short-term solutions, which bring higher profits faster. Most manufacturing regulatory efforts are focused on addressing the consequences in the value chain. There is still a significant lack of attention to the preventive approach based on circular product design. Circular product design can help prevent a product or service obsolescence by building high emotional and physical durability. Circular Design strategies are defined to counter obsolescence and go along with circular business models. The insufficient research on Circular Design challenges its application in business. This paper focuses on studying Circular Design strategies and their application in manufacturing SMEs. A literature review and case study overview are used as the method within this paper. The research shows that transformation at the product-service-system levels can potentially influence the business models to create more meaning and dematerialization within the company's production. The research results can be used in further research and business practice, contributing to diffuse the preventive approach in business and move from Material Efficiency towards Resource Sufficiency.


The upcoming decades are expected to be marked by the rise and consolidation of the People's Republic of China, PRC, as the world's first economy, dethroning the U.S. and altering global economic geopolitics. The Dragon Age will mark the 21st century, with all the consequences that can come from it. This chapter analyzes the changes that are already underway and that prepare China to be the world's great economy. The departure point will be the examination of China's economic situation. Following, the authors move on to analyzing the Belt and Road Investment, the Chinese mega investment that aims to connect China to Europe inspired by the ancient Silk Road, making a geoeconomic analysis of the main world markets and how China has long prepared this economic rise and implicates a political and military ascension statement.


Description: The goal of this project is to provide the underlying research and demonstration of a novel technology which would enable the economic utilization of dispersed biomass and solid waste resources to produce electric power, cooling, heat, and transportation fuels. This integrated gasification and power generation system combines University of Florida advances in high-temperature gasification, hydrogen generation and separation


ABSTRACT The act of parricide is one of the least understood and most underresearched acts of family violence. Work to date suggests adolescent parricide is often an extreme response to intolerable abuse. Drawing on Supplementary Homicide Reports (SHR) from 1976 to 2003, this work examines a large national sample of reported parricide incidents (N = 2,599) with an offender 21 years of age or younger. A gender-based study of offender, victim, and incident characteristics was undertaken using bivariate and multivariate techniques. Results suggest that incidents of parricide are decreasing over time. Offenses are predominantly intraracial with white male offenders peaking in late adolescence and white females peaking in mid-adolescence. White biological fathers are at greatest risk of victimization with girls significantly more likely than boys to kill a stepfather. Results both corroborate and contrast extant works, providing new baseline data and insight into this complex and dynamic crime.


The recent election of Benjamin Netanjahu as the new prime minister of Israel has created apprehensions, particularly among the country's Arab neighbours, that the peace process in the Middle East could result in deadlock or even fail. First Arab reactions to the change in the political leadership have been characterised by a mistrust of Netanjahu and of his coalition government. However, both the summit meeting of the Arab League held on 22/23 June, 1996 and the diplomatic activities of leading Arab politicians have made it clear that those countries which have already concluded peace treaties with Israel have no wish to jeopardise them. Even Syria whose negotiations with Israel were suspended months ago does not seem to wish to exacerbate the situation.


Nowadays the application status of Software-Intensive Systems(SISs) introduces a category of system failure caused by unforeseen operation or environment change. Generally speaking this kind of failure can be observed as system emergent behavior or degraded running. Because it relates to both the running time and state, it is called Time/State(TS)-based SISs failure. Moreover it is one of the significant sources of SISs failure. However the related researches are few. This paper presents the life cycle of software-related failure of SISs firstly. Secondly it analyzes the TS-based SISs failure mechanism and establishes the corresponding model. Moreover it introduces the traditional verification methods of SISs. Furthermore it presents the definition, classification and ontology representation of TS-based SISs failure mode. The instance validation shows the existence of TS-based SISs failure and feasibility of detecting the failure by using combined test method primarily. Finally this paper analyzes the problems and prospects the future researches.


With over 800 million active Whatsapp users, Mobile Social Networks (MSNs) have become one of the most vital means of social interactions, such as forming relationships and sharing information, sharing personal experiences. The mass adoption of MSN raises concerns about privacy and the risk of losing one's personal information due to personal data shared online. This paper sought to examine the role of Privacy Concerns in the continuance use of Mobile Social Media. The Effects of factors such as Perceived Ease of Use, Perceived Usefulness and Perceived Risk and Perceived Enjoyments on Satisfaction and Continuance intention were also explored. Survey data was collected from 262 students in Ghana Technology University College and analysed using the Partial Least Square approach to Structural Equation Modelling with the use of SmartPLS software. Results from the analysis showed that Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Risk and Perceived Enjoyment were significant predictors of Satisfaction. Satisfaction in turn was found to be a significant predictor of Continuance Intention. Satisfaction also mediated the paths between Perceived Risk, Privacy Concern and Continuance Intention. The results are discussed and practical implications drawn. Journal of Cyber Security, Vol. 4, 105–124. doi: 10.13052/jcsm2245-1439.426 c © 2016 River Publishers. All rights reserved. 106 K. S. Ofori et al.


This article conducts a historical-theological analysis of compatibility of the theory and practice of Marxism-Leninism with Christianity. The relevance of this question is substantiated by the ongoing polemics on the subject matter, which is directly related to the social structure. The historical-theological aspects are examined on the basis of critical study of the historical-philosophical works and historical documents on the topic. An attempt is made of systemic analysis of the subject under review. Three questions are examined: communalization of property, ethics, and justice. For comprehensive examination of this topic, the author provides the views of the opposing sides, texts of the Holy Scripture, and opinions of the Fathers of Orthodox Church. The novelty is defined by the fact that this article is first to examine certain documents the context of the indicated problem. The author also presents a more in-depth historical-theological analysis of the comparison of Marxism-Leninism and Orthodox Christianity, of compared to other existing research. The goal consists in consideration of the historical documents and historical-theological works on the topic. The conclusion is made that despite seeming similarity of certain provisions, Marxism-Leninism is incompatible with Christianity. From the theoretical perspective, socialism, in case of eliminating all contradictions, could have exist in symbiosis with Christianity. However, by no means such socialism would be founded on Marxism-Leninism.


Background: The usage of smartphone played a significant role in everyday life especially among students. Concern has risen universally of possible musculoskeletal symptoms among smartphone users due to excessive use. Objective: To determine the prevalence of neck and upper extremity symptoms among University students who were using a smartphone. Methods: A cross – sectional survey using self – administered questionnaires were conducted on 250 undergraduate students from one of the leading university in Malaysia. Six out of 250 participants (2.4%) were excluded as they were not a smartphone user. The number of participants from two faculties, namely Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences (FMHS) and Faculty of Accountancy and Management (FAM) were determined with stratified random sampling using Kish Leslie sample size formula. Results: The frequency of six measures of smartphone use was ranked from highest to lowest in order: Internet browsing and E – learning (85.20%), making phone calls (78.30%), texting and emails (77.00%), music, video, and pictures (75.40%), gaming (51.20%) and scheduling (32.80%). Out of 244 participants, 49 (20.1%) of the smartphone users were found to have developed some degree of upper extremity and neck symptoms. The prevalence of neck symptoms was the highest with 44 (18.03%) sufferers, followed by right shoulder symptoms (13.93%) and left shoulder symptoms (11.07%). Despite the symptoms experienced, only 5 (10.20%) participants received treatment while 30 participants (61.22%) claimed that they continued using the smartphone during these episodes. Conclusion: It is postulated that there is a positive relationship between smartphone usage and prevalence of upper extremity and neck symptoms. Recommendation: It is high time to disseminate the basic education on proper usage related to ergonomics is warranted to the university students to increase their awareness.


Abstract Background This study evaluated the hemoglobin dose response, other efficacy measures and safety of daprodustat, an orally administered, hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor in development for anemia of chronic kidney disease. Methods Participants (n = 216) with baseline hemoglobin levels of 9–11.5 g/dL on hemodialysis (HD) previously receiving stable doses of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) were randomized in a 24-week dose-range, efficacy and safety study. Participants discontinued rhEPO and then were randomized to receive daily daprodustat (4, 6, 8, 10 or 12 mg) or control (placebo for 4 weeks then open-label rhEPO as required). After 4 weeks, doses were titrated to achieve a hemoglobin target of 10–11.5 g/dL. The primary outcome was characterization of the dose–response relationship between daprodustat and hemoglobin at 4 weeks; additionally, the efficacy and safety of daprodustat were assessed over 24 weeks. Results Over the first 4 weeks, the mean hemoglobin change from baseline increased dose-dependently from −0.29  (daprodustat 4 mg) to 0.69 g/dL (daprodustat 10 and 12 mg). The mean change from baseline hemoglobin (10.4 g/dL) at 24 weeks was 0.03 and −0.11 g/dL for the combined daprodustat and control groups, respectively. The median maximum observed plasma EPO levels in the control group were ∼14-fold higher than in the combined daprodustat group. Daprodustat demonstrated an adverse event profile consistent with the HD population. Conclusions Daprodustat produced dose-dependent changes in hemoglobin over the first 4 weeks after switching from a stable dose of rhEPO as well as maintained hemoglobin target levels over 24 weeks.


Oncologists use tumor size, appearance and lymph node status and routine markers such as estrogen/progesterone receptors or proliferative rate, to assess likely disease outcome in breast cancer patients. Although a majority of women with node-negative breast cancer have a good prognosis, 30% experience recurrence and death from metastatic disease. As a result, systemic therapies are routinely administered to nearly all of these node-negative patients. Markers that better predict recurrence risk could be used to effectively target adjuvant therapies to those patients most likely to benefit from them. Our aim is to characterize the genetic markers that 1) are differentially expressed in good versus bad outcome node-negative breast cancers, 2) help dichotomize node-negative patients into high and low-risk categories so that adjuvant treatment could be more effectively utilized, and 3) delineate the genetic pathways associated with metastatic phenotype. Using cDNA arrays (Clontech Inc), we analyzed 30 untreated, primary tumors from node-negative breast cancer patients who were either cured by their surgery alone, or who experienced metastatic recurrence. In this blinded study, the tumor samples were matched for age, menopausal status, tumor size and grade, and ER/PR status. At the p = 0.05 level of significance, 137 genes involved in cell cylcle, apoptosis, cell adhesion, cytoskeleton, signal transduction etc were found to be differentially expressed between the 2 types of tumor samples. Clustering and Tree-View analyses generated dendrograms showed that the 2 categories of tumors mostly but not completely formed outcome-related clusters. We have validated some of these genes by semiquantitative RT-PCR. We are attempting to use Immunohistochemistry on Tumor Tissue Arrays to assess the prognostic significance of some of the candidate metastatic markers. Clinicians could use these gene expression patterns to select the appropriate adjuvant therapy regimen to node-negative breast cancer patients.


Calcium-binding protein was separated from rat milk by gel filtration, followed by ion-exchange chromatography using a DEAESephadex A-25 column and characterized partially. Rat milk calciumbinding protein (mCaBP) has a molecular weight of about 16,000 as measured by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and about 34,000 by gel filtration using a Sephadex G-75 column. This protein specifically bound calcium with high affinity (Kd=1.45 x 10-6 M). The mobility of mCaBP in regular PAGE was accelerated by the presence of EGTA and was delayed by calcium binding. Divalent cations such as Sr, Cd, and Mn produced an effect similar to that of calcium on the mobility of PAGE, but Zn and Fe did not. Ca-bound mCaBP was heat-stable and resistant to digestion by trypsin. These results indicate that the mCaBP undergoes a conformational change by the binding of calcium and other metal ions. The rat mCaBP was immunologically different from bovine mCaBP and human mCaBP. The properties of rat mCaBP are very similar to those of bovine mCaBP, except that it is a glycoprotein containing about 5 % carbohydrates.


SUMMARY
Statistical analysis confirms that, among dicotyledons, not only are leuco-anthocyanins correlated with primitive characters but so, also, are ellagitannins. The most primitive dicotyledons, and especially those in tropical rain-forests, tend to possess both kinds of tannin while the most advanced lack both kinds.


The research carried out is related to solving the urgent issue of choosing the most competitive alternatives from a variety of options for the designed and manufactured science-intensive engineering products. The aim of the work is to develop a new competitiveness index, on the basis of which alternatives can be relatively reliably evaluated. The developed index "level of digitalization" makes it possible to quantitatively evaluate high-tech machine-building products based on expert data on the level of the used digital technologies. To assess the competitiveness, the proposed index takes into account various aspects of digital technologies: the level of impact of digital technology on the market of the studied products, the degree of correspondence of the applied digital technologies to the existing digitalization trends, the quality of information flows between digital devices of products and the external environment, the dependence of technical and economic characteristics on the digital technologies used, the quality of direct and feedback connections within digital devices of products and between the actuators controlled by them. The expert index has been tested in the study of the competitiveness of self-propelled sprayers used in the Siberian region. Based on expert assessments, a rating was determined for each alternative on the market for the specified products. Correlation and regression analysis of the expert index "digitalization level" was also performed. The developed index can be used for expert rapid assessment of the competitiveness of various types of high technology products at each stage of the life cycle.


This paper describes the blower performance used for single-stage high pressure regenerative blower. The blower considered is widely applied to the field of a fuel cell system, a medical equipment and a sewage treatment plant. Flow rate and rotating frequency of a impeller of the blower are considered as design parameters for the proper operation of the blower. Three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations are introduced to analyze the performance and internal flow of the blower. Relatively good agreement between experimental measurements and numerical simulation is obtained. Throughout a numerical simulation, it is found that small and stable vortical flow generated inside the blade passage is effective to increase pressure and efficiency of the blower. Large local recirculation flow having low velocity in the blade passage obstructs the generation of stable vortical flow, thus increases the pressure loss of the blower. Detailed flow field inside the blower is also analyzed and discussed.


The long-term success of lung transplantation has been challenged by chronic graft dysfunction, which is manifested as obliterative bronchiolitis (OB). We demonstrated that allograft airway fibrosis is a dynamic process of tissue remodelling, in which cellular and matrix components dynamically change before or after complete obliteration of the airway lumen. This dynamic process was associated with changes in expression and activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). The early inflammatory phase was associated with MMP-dependent migration of blood-borne fibrocytes, which highly express MMP-9 and MMP-12. 'Established' fibrosis was associated with MMP-2 and MMP-14 expressed by myofibroblasts in both human OB lesions and their animal models. In established allograft airway fibrosis, general MMP inhibition resulted in apoptosis of myofibroblasts in vivo and in vitro, while low-doses of MMP-inhibitor treatment induced upregulation of MMP-2, increased collagenolytic activity, and significantly decreased myofibroblasts and collagen. The dynamic process of tissue remodelling in established allograft airway fibrosis was supported by underlying continuous alloimmune responses, in particular, direct T-cell-myofibroblast contact.


On 11 February 2013, the Competition Tribunal approved the acquisition of the South African Infant Nutrition Business of Pfizer, by Nestlé South Africa subject to conditions. The remedy imposed in the merger was a first for South African competition law, based on a transitional re-branding remedy. Using only pre-merger data, we estimate a nested logit demand model and then use the estimates to simulate the merger using a model of Bertrand competition. The model predicted prices would have increased by and 2.5-8.9% (assuming 12% of household income is used) and 1-4% (assuming 28% of household income is used to purchase infant milk).The model is further used to predict the change in consumer welfare. We find that competition authorities rightly assumed that competition concerns are "common cause" in this industry as between 2.18-4.8% of consumer welfare would have been reduced.


The split in South Africa's ruling National Party (NP) delivered the coup de grace to the traditional image of white South African politics as a contest between Englishand Afrikaans-speakers, but the new conventional wisdoms are hardly more satisfactory. After the myth of the Afrikaner monolith was shown up by the events of February and March 1982, most observers switched from ethnic to ideological analysis, attributing them to the differences in outlook between verligte ('enlightened') and verkrampte ('narrow-minded') Afrikaners. Some on the left wrote off the split as inconsequential, due to the NP's unwavering support for white political control and capitalism. However, both these types of ideological exegesis ultimately offer only another way to describe the split, not an explanation of its origins or significance. While the split was precipitated by disagreements between verligtes and verkramptes over responses to the political and economic crises facing the South African state, its roots lay in a process of class realignment. They can be traced to the evolution of the National Party into a party dominated by the Afrikaner bourgeoisie, who need new strategies and new allies. The split freed the NP to restructure the training, use, and living conditions of black workers, as capital demands, while attempting to broaden the base of the regime. Nevertheless, liberals who viewed the split as a 'step in the right direction' are likely to be disappointed. While the class character of the NP now encourages a degree of economic liberalisation, it still seems to rule out political liberalisation. Although the Afrikaner bourgeoisie shares the interest of English-speaking capitalists in the efficient employment of black labour, it is still too dependent upon state power and patronage to accept genuine power-sharing or majority rule. To justify these claims, this article first examines the class character of the National Party split, and then the struggles which followed it. The conclusion explains why the party's new class base still imposes narrow limits to reform.


The mass of a black hole is the sum of the irreducible mass and the mass associated with the rotational or spin energy of the black hole. The contribution of spin energy (divided by $c^2$) to the total black hole mass is studied here for four samples of sources including 576 LINERs, 100 classical double radio sources, 80 relatively local AGN, and 102 measurements of four stellar mass X-ray binary systems. The spin mass-energy of a black hole may be extracted causing the mass of the black hole to decrease. The ratio of spin mass-energy to black hole mass ranges from about ten to thirty percent for the sources studied here, where the maximum possible value of this quantity is close to thirty percent. Typical fractions of the black hole mass available for extraction for the samples studied are about $0.2 \pm 0.1$. The spin energy of black holes represents a major reservoir that when tapped may impact the immediate and extended black hole environment, decrease the black hole mass, and perhaps modify relationships between black hole mass and galaxy properties. These results are consistent with expectations based on other observations and numerical simulations.


(a) Show that if you stack cubes one on top of the other, there's no way the resulting tower will fit in any room. (b) Suppose that you want to design a rectangular storage box in which you can keep your entire set. If you are allowed to stack the cubes in any way you wish, find the dimensions of a box that will hold your entire collection. Also, precisely state how you will place your entire cube collection inside the box.


In U.S.A.Northridge Earthquake and Japanese Kobe Earthquake the steel frames were seriously damaged.Afterwards a lot of domestic and foreign scientists conducted plenty of investigations for anti-earthquake of the steel frames and obtained many achievements.This paper draws a conclusion concerning the earthquake hazards to steel frames and analyzes reasons of earthquake,and discourses the progress of anti-earthquake investigations of the steel frame.


Steam injection is widely used in the extraction of heavy crude oil; by heating the oil in its geologic reservoir, the viscosity of the oil is reduced and significantly improved production of the oil can be achieved. The mass flow rate and quality of the steam injected are important because they directly affect the amount of oil that can be recovered and the efficiency with which it is produced. In the INSIGHT steam quality monitor, which was developed by AECL Research in partnership with two major oil companies, a beam of thermal neutrons is passed through a pipe carrying wet steam and the reduction in beam intensity due to absorption and scattering reflects the ratio of steam to water plus steam, i.e., the steam quality. Its principal advantage over competing technologies is that it is most sensitive to light nuclei.


We could find primarily in our studies on the inflammatory cell reactions in the animals with the insufficient adrenalglands that an increase in the capillary permeability induced by the inflammatory irritant was suppressed in adrenalectomized mice. Afterwards, we could see that the water quantities in the tissue fluids of our experimental adrenalectomized animals were falling off in a remarkable degree. It is well-known that these changes of the water quantities are attributable mainly to a decrease in the intracellular water quantities, accompanied by a decrease in Na quantities. Then we tried to study the diffussion of the powdered dyes in the tissue fluids of the contrast animals and experimental ones (having the experimental insufficient adrenalglands). We could find that the diffusion of the dyes, spreading over the tissues and mixing in the tissue fluids, was suppressed in a reasonable degree in the experimental animals, which we will mention in another paper. In the experimental animal the inflammatory cell reactions were suppressed and we attribute these to the insufficient communications between the extravascular tissues and the intravascular elements and to the depression of the diffusion in the tissues accompanied by the decrease of the water quantities. In the present paper we state that the animals with insufficient adrenalglands suppressed in a reasonable degree the reactions of the histiocytes against the antigen, and that this might be also one of the important factors which depressed the inflammatory cell reactions. The rabbits, the adrenalglands of which were made insufficient by means of an experimental operation devised by Aoki, were carefully raised for one week after the operation. After recovery from the operation, they were used as the experimental animals. Into both contrast and the experimental animals we injected simultaneously, subcutaneouslly 2c.c. of diluted India ink suspension of horse serum, and we observed the connective tissues in


The purpose of this paper is to study an economic efficiency for the prediction of additional truck turnaround time and for determining the number of the port security inspection equipment required at a terminal inspection station. The economic efficiency with six base models was developed to assist terminal operators' decision-making. In addition, this study developed an optimal procedure that terminal operators could use to optimally run in terms of various statistics processes including exponential, deterministic, and others, seeking a solution that was beneficial for both terminal operators and truckers. As a result of this research of the additional cargo turnaround time for port security delay, the following conclusion can be drawn and made. The average additional delay time in the inspection station is very dependent on the inspection rate of the lower stage. The higher weighted inspection time based on raising security level allows less number of trucks to be inspected, which will derive high delay in the inspection station. Increase of rate of Green Lane usage will allow a decrease in the arrival rate, which may derive improvement of inspection equipment efficiency and average delay time at the inspection station. In multiple stage model, total number of trucks and delay time very closely follow those of low inspection stage rate and number of inspection units. Free Lane is to be followed by Customs-Trade Partnership Against Terrorism and standardization of customs, packing, loading and unloading, documents, procedure, and exchange working in each country. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Language: en


This literature review aims to present the historial evolution of the gingival recession treatment. Advantages, disadvantages, indications and counterindications of current treatments are discussed with special focus on aesthetic and


Recent years have witnessed unprecedented amounts of data generated by telecommunication (Telco) cellular networks. For example, measurement records (MRs) are generated to report the connection states between mobile devices and Telco networks, e.g., received signal strength. MR data have been widely used to localize outdoor mobile devices for human mobility analysis, urban planning, and traffic forecasting. Existing works using first-order sequence models such as the Hidden Markov Model (HMM) attempt to capture spatio-temporal locality in underlying mobility patterns for lower localization errors. The HMM approaches typically assume stable mobility patterns of the underlying mobile devices. Yet real MR datasets exhibit heterogeneous mobility patterns due to mixed transportation modes of the underlying mobile devices and uneven distribution of the positions associated with MR samples. Thus, the existing solutions cannot handle these heterogeneous mobility patterns. To this end, we propose a multi-task learning-based deep neural network (DNN) framework, namely <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${{\sf PRNet}}$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mi mathvariant="sans-serif">PRNet</mml:mi></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="rao-ieq1-3232361.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula><inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^+$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:msup><mml:mrow/><mml:mo>+</mml:mo></mml:msup></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="rao-ieq2-3232361.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>, to incorporate outdoor position recovery and transportation mode detection. To make sure that <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${{\sf PRNet}}$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mi mathvariant="sans-serif">PRNet</mml:mi></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="rao-ieq3-3232361.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula><inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^+$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:msup><mml:mrow/><mml:mo>+</mml:mo></mml:msup></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="rao-ieq4-3232361.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> can work, we develop a feature extraction module to precisely learn local-, short- and long-term spatio-temporal locality from heterogeneous MR samples. Extensive evaluation on eight datasets collected at three representative areas in Shanghai indicates that <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${{\sf PRNet}}$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mi mathvariant="sans-serif">PRNet</mml:mi></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="rao-ieq5-3232361.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula><inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${^{+}}$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:msup><mml:mrow/><mml:mo>+</mml:mo></mml:msup></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="rao-ieq6-3232361.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> greatly outperforms state-of-the-arts by lower localization errors.


The maintenance and preservation of heritage structures is of particular importance from a historical, cultural, socio-political, economic and not least architectural and aesthetic point of view. An efficient maintenance scheme requires periodical inspections associated with a reliable condition determination of the structure. Especially the process of data acquisition is a time consuming, labour intensive and technically complex task. This paper presents a vision-based inspection and monitoring approach for heritage structures based on high quality aerial photos taken by remote controlled Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS). In terms of quality, time and investment this approach provides an important contribution to data acquisition processes and monitoring strategies and will provide an increased efficiency in preserving architectural heritages. UAS's equipped with high quality photo or video cameras open up the possibility of simplifying and accelerating data acquisition and monitoring tasks. The extreme flight stability of the UAS and the fully compensated camera provide high quality data which are essential for reliable condition monitoring and inspection results. This also offers the possibility of highly accurate survey and geo-referenced 3Dmodelling of structures in relation to direct referenced visualisation of detected damages. The paper shows three case studies. Furthermore, it presents a combination of conventional inspection measurements with modern www.witpress.com, ISSN 1743-3509 (on-line) WIT Transactions on The Built Environment, Vol 153, © 2015 WIT Press Structural Studies, Repairs and Maintenance of Heritage Architecture XIV 621 doi:10.2495/STR150521 photogrammetric and computer vision methods for an automatic post-flight georeferenced 3D reconstruction based on aerial images.


PURPOSE: A container seal with a straw hole and a manufacturing method thereof are provided to provide an induction heating seal in which a straw hole is formed, thereby enabling users to easily take contents of the container through a straw. CONSTITUTION: A surface layer (1) made of materials with non-heat adhesiveness is formed in the upper end of a container seal. A laminate layer (2) is formed at the bottom of the surface layer to be laminated with a thermoplastic resin or a polyolefin foaming agent. An upper layer (a) comprising the surface layer and the laminate layer is punched to form a hole (3). A sealing bonding layer (5) is bonded to a container made of a heat-adhesiveness plastic resin or an adhesive. A heat generation layer (4) consisting of aluminium foil is bonded to the upper end of the sealing bonding layer to form a sealing layer (b). Each layer is bonded to each other with an adhesive of which the coating amount is 8-12 g/m2.


The Carpathian National Nature Park is described as a multi-structural unit. The purpose of the park is not only to preserve the natural, historical and cultural heritage of the people, but also to manage recreational (tourist) activities, including visiting the territory. It is a conservation, recreational, cultural, educational, research institution of national importance, created with the purpose of preserving, reproducing and efficient use of natural complexes and objects that have special nature conservation, wellness, historical, cultural, scientific, educational and aesthetic. value. Literary and stock materials on geological structure and geomorphological features of the territory of the Carpathian NNP and the main features of its relief are presented. Using the functionality ArcGis applications, by digitizing topographic maps of scale 1: 100,000, a three-dimensional terrain model and a series of morphometric maps are concluded (vertical and horizontal dismemberment of terrain, terrain steepness surface), which characterized the features of the relief of the conservation institution. Using the methodology of relief assessment Functional recreational assessment of KNPP terrain was performed by A. Bredikhin. According to the method, for each the score is assigned a point scale based on morphometric values metrics. The points received are added to the pivot table and the points are predominant, the suitability of the territory for an appropriate type of recreational activity is determined. According to the results of the assessment, the landscapes of the middle and low mountains are suitable for the needs of health tourism, and the high mountains are the least suitable. The most suitable for sports tourism are the alpine, subalpine and subalpine highlands; these are areas that are suitable for skiing and snowboarding.


Descriptive representation (being represented by someone who shares your demographic characteristics) and substantive representation (being represented by someone who shares your policy preferences) are both important components of the legislator-constituent relationship. Some have suggested that descriptive representation breeds blind loyalty to politicians, which can weaken accountability for their actions. Philip Edward Jones evaluates the effects of descriptive representation of gender on female voters. He finds that while women are not more likely approve of a politician because of her gender, they are more knowledgeable about and responsive to female senators' records and adjust their assessments accordingly.


Influence of plasma-forming gas composition on its residual ionization is studied. Microwave discharge system is adapted for usage as gaschromatography detector. Dependence of peak area from carrier gas flow is defined


A new toroidal electrostatic analyzer (ESA) configuration for medium energy ion scattering has been designed and fabricated for structural analysis of surfaces. The present analyzer has a wide interelectrode distance of 16 mm and an energy range of 10% of the pass energy at a constant applied voltage. The analyzer is mounted horizontally on a turntable and accepts ions scattered within a well defined angular range. To get a good energy resolution, we employed a photon-counting image acquisition system (PIAS: Hamamatsu Photonics) with spatial resolution of 40–50 μm, combined with a three-stage microchannel plate. The electric fields of the toroidal ESA including the fringing fields were calculated by a finite element method. Ion trajectories through the analyzer were calculated using a Monte Carlo method. In this way, the optimum conditions of the geometry and size of the entrance and exit slits were determined. Our toroidal analyzer resolved three surface peaks from the Si isotopes (28Si, 29Si, and 30Si) ...


Objective: To compare the differences between lamivudine alone and adefovir dipivoxil combined with lamivudine in the treatment of hepatitis B cirrhosis in therapeutic effect. Hepatitis B virus (HBV)-DNA negative conversion rate, hepatitis Be antigen (HBeAg) negative conversion rate, liver function changes, quality of life score, and incidence of adverse reactions were investigated. Methods: A total of 70 patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis were selected as subjects. The patients were divided into an observation group and a control group, with 35 patients in each group. All patients were given routine treatment. During one year of treatment, the patients in the control group were treated with lamivudine alone, while those in the observation group were treated with adefovir dipivoxil combined with lamivudine. Results: After one year of treatment, compared with control group, the total effective rate of the observation group was significantly higher (91.4% vs 71.4%; P<0.05). After one year of treatment, compared with control group, the HBV DNA negative conversion rate (77.1% vs 54.3%) and HBeAg negative conversion rate (57.1% vs 31.4%) of the observation group were significantly higher (P<0.05), but both indexes were not significantly different between two groups at the time point of 3 months and 6 months after treatment (P>0.05). Compared with control group, liver function indexes including alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase and total bilirubin levels were significantly improved in the observation group , and the quality of life score was significantly higher (P<0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group was higher than that in the control group, without significant difference (P>0.05). Conclusion: Compared with lamivudine alone, adefovir dipivoxil combined with lamivudine has significant advantages in treating patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis, including better therapeutic effect, increased HBV-DNA negative conversion rate and HBeAg negative conversion rate, better improvement in liver function, higher quality of life and adverse reactions.


This study aims to determine the role of microfinance on the business of MSME customers at Bank Syariah Indonesia at the Sarolangun Branch Office. This is field research with descriptive qualitative in nature. Sources of data used are primary and secondary data sources. Data was collected using interview and documentation techniques. The data from the findings are described descriptively and analyzed using inductive thinking. The results of this study also concluded that the role of micro-financing at Bank Syariah Indonesia Sarolangun Branch Office in MSME business has less effect on increasing customer business income, this can be proven by the absence of an increase in revenue for several customer businesses that have done micro-financing at Bank Syariah Indonesia KCP Sarolangun. Due to the lack of adequate and equitable direction to the customer's business, other factors cause the customer's income not to increase, namely the lack of human resources in financial reporting and lack of marketing knowledge.


The present invention relates to flame retardant polymer compositions, mixtures and salts dihydro-phospha-phenanthrene (of DOPO) the composition comprises a phosphinic acid. The mixture is particularly useful for the production of epoxides based polyfunctional epoxy resin compositions and flame retardant composition, the resulting laminate has excellent surface characteristics and reduced delamination tendency.


Deteriorated concrete structures thanks to corrosion cracks and with fallen concrete cowl area unit typically remodeled by removing the cracked concrete round the unsound reinforcement and replacement it with new concrete or with special repair mortar. This method is usually brought up as "Mechanical Repair" and is wide used for repairing deteriorated concrete members. Mechanical repair ends up in the formation of Associate in Nursing 'interface' between the 'parent concrete' and remodeled material. The structural behaviour of the remodeled members is critically relied on the attainment of the interface. This paper reports the results of Stagnant and lethargytests performed on a complete of twenty stagnant also the repair material area unit taken as variables within the study. Results of the Stagnant tests on remodeled beams reveal that Stagnant attainment will be remodeled by the mechanical repair. Compressive face repair will even improve the attainment looking on the properties of repair material and also the attainment of the bond. However, the lethargyattainment of the remodeled members is found terribly totally different to their Stagnant performance. All most all remodeled beams either the repair of the compression face or of the stress face failing at considerably lower variety of cycles compared to the management beam. Among the remodeled beam, tension face remodeled beams showed the foremost important reduction within the lethargyperformance


ABSTRACT Teacher persistence has been a growing issue in recent decades. This raises the problem of the sustainability of the teaching workforce, the professionalism of working teachers and preserving the quality of education. In this study we aim to create and test an empirical model that makes it possible to predict teachers' plans to remain in or leave the profession. Proceeding from earlier research, this study focuses on investigating the role of motivations, job demands, and school climate as potential factors of teacher retention. A sample of 373 teachers responded to an electronic questionnaire compiled using questions from FIT-Choice, Norwegian Teacher Self-Efficacy Scale, and the Delaware School Climate Survey. Structural equation modelling was applied to find the model that predicts teachers' plans to remain in or leave the profession. The findings revealed two main factors – the combination of perceived teaching ability and intrinsic motivation, and job security – that have a positive impact on plans to continue teaching. Perceived teaching ability and intrinsic motivation, in turn, is affected by relations with students and maintaining discipline in class. Emotional exhaustion and workload impacting the latter, predict the risk of attrition. Contrary to earlier research, age and years of teaching experience appeared to be unrelated to plans to continue teaching.


A simple and reproducible UV spectroscopic methods have been developed and validated for the determination of lacosamide (LCM) in bulk and tablet dosage forms of two different brands. The standard and sample solutions were prepared using methanol: water (50:50 % v/v) as solvent. The maximum absorbance was obtained at 257 nm. Beer's Lambert's law was obeyed at the concentration range of 400 – 600 μg/ml and the correlation coefficient was found to be 0.9996. The developed method was validated according to ICH guidelines and was found to be accurate and precise for the determination of lacosamide in bulk and its tablet dosage form.


A higher order Lagrangian or an affine Hamiltonian is totally singular if its vertical Hessian vanishes. A natural duality relation between totally singular Lagrangians and affine Hamiltonians is studied in the paper. We prove that the energy of a totally singular affine Hamiltonian has as a dual a suitable first order totally singular Lagrangian. Relations between the solutions of Euler and Hamilton equations of dual objects are studied by mean of semi-sprays. In order to generate examples for k > 1, some natural lift procedures are constructed. M.S.C. 2010: 53C80, 70H03, 70H05, 70H50.


In anaesthetized rabbits, the effect of introducing acid into the lumen of the duodenum on the frequency of action potentials in the afferent nerves was investigated. Hydrochloric acid, 0·1 and 0·05 M, and acid sodium citrate, buffered with hydrochloric acid to a pH of less than 2, induced action potentials in the distal portions of cut mesenteric nerves coming from the part of the duodenum exposed to the acid. Two types of response were noted from the upper part of the duodenum. One consisted of an intense volley of action potentials beginning almost immediately and lasting for about 15 sec. The other response was less intense; it reached its maximum in about 30 sec and lasted for periods of at least 90 sec. It is postulated that there are two types of nerve receptor in the wall of the duodenum of rabbits which may be stimulated by acid in the lumen, and evidence is presented in favour of the suggestion that the concentration of hydrogen ions is the important factor. The relationship of acid in the duodenum to inhibition of gastric secretion is discussed.


OBJECTIVES
To study the association of using an electronic health record (EHR)'s clinical reminder functionality with increased human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine administration among US office-based physicians.

STUDY DESIGN
National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey data from 2007-2012 were pooled together to determine if EHR systems that employ clinical reminders are associated with increased immunization rates in different populations.

METHODS
The administration of HPV vaccine served as the dependent variable, with the EHR reminder being the primary independent variable of interest. Logit regression was used to assess the relationship between using EHR reminders and HPV vaccine administration.

RESULTS
Analyses indicated that compared with physicians without clinical reminder functions, physicians with clinical reminder functions were more likely to order HPV vaccines. Clinical reminder functions were particularly effective at increasing HPV vaccine use among adolescent males.

CONCLUSIONS
Overall, physicians who report using clinical reminders were more likely to order HPV immunizations. However, the association of clinical reminders with HPV immunizations was not significant in the younger adolescent subpopulation. Further, given that HPV incidence decreases significantly even with small gains in vaccination rates, the increase in HPV immunizations found in the male population aged 11 to 21 years is promising. Therefore, targeting males to receive HPV vaccination immunizations through clinical reminders provides a positively disproportionate return on vaccination rates and disease burden.


'Surveillance' conjures up images of a conspiracy of secret knowledge. It calls to mind big government eager to pounce and rend our privacy, toss aside our sanctity, and trample our dignity and rights. It elicits cloak-and-dagger imagery of hapless citizens diminished under a vast network of power, a power unimaginably dark and deep. Less prolific is the understanding that how we think about surveillance is the product of the peculiar interests and institutions we live by. Such an understanding is elided, it may be argued, because the popular view serves, rather than harms, the interests and institutions that keep the few concealed and the many exposed.


On 4 April 2005 two new sentences for adults aged 18 and above became available to the courts in England and Wales: the Community Order and the Suspended Sentence Order (SSO). Both sentences are intended to narrow the custody/community divide, and therefore are important factors for the development of the National Offender Management Service (NOMS). Both are also intended to offer more robust, demanding and credible alternatives to short custodial sentences, thereby contributing to reductions in the prison population which, at 16 May 2008, stood at 82,682.1 Both should be served in the community and both have the same number of requirements available. Essentially, the Community Order is a restructuring of what were the available community sentences – the Community Rehabilitation Order (CRO), the Community Punishment Order (CPO), the Community Punishment and Rehabilitation Order (CPRO), the Drug Treatment and Testing Order (DTTO), the Curfew Order and the Attendance Centre Order – and the various conditions that could be attached to the CRO and the CPRO. The SSO, on the other hand, can be seen as an attempt to revive the old-style suspended sentence by adding conditions to it.


Necrotizing fasciitis is a rare complication of dental infection and is associated with a significant mortality rate. Prompt recognition and urgent referral are therefore essential. Surgical debridement and broad-spectrum intravenous antibiotic therapy are the mainstay of management. This report outlines a case of necrotizing fasciitis of odontogenic origin in an otherwise healthy 32-year-old patient. CPD/Clinical Relevance: This article highlights odontogenic necrotizing fasciitis to the dental team, discusses its management and serves as a reminder of the potential severe complications of unmanaged dental infection.


In this paper, the stress and strain for loss in stability of soft AL are analysed on single tension, column shell and sphere shell by employing stress -strain relationshop of soft AL.


Studies were conducted in order to find out whether it is possible, with the aid of chemotherapeutic preparations, to prevent the development of bacteremia in animals repeatedly subjected to small doses of ionizing irradiation. The solution of this problem would also make it possible to explain what significance the infectious agent has during radiation sickness caused by fractional irradiation. Nineteen 1 1/2 to 2 years-old monkeys, all carriers of Flexner's bacilli, were subjected to daily gamma irradiation in fractional doses (25.2-26.34 r) from a Co/sup 60/ source up to a total dose of 1000 r. After a 650 r dose had been administered, the monkeys were separated into two groups. Nine of them were treated with antibiotics in combination with vitamins, while the other ten served as controls. The animals were treated for one month. The monkeys were given, simultaneously, 50000 U streptomycin and 100,000 U penicillin intramuscularly, and 50000 U streptomycin and 0.25 g levomycetin orally. Besides antibiotics, once daily the monkeys were eated with 0.1 g vitamin C, 0.5 ml of a 5% vitamin B/sub 1/ solution injected intramuscularly and 5 ml of a 10% calcium gluconate solution taken intravenously. After a short time symptoms of a developingmore » radiation sickness appeared. Changes in the peripheral blood of two monkeys are discussed. The chemotherapeutical results show that the combined administration of antibiotics in radiation sickness in monkeys caused by fractional radiation gives a high therapeutic effect and favors the survival of the majority of the animals irradiated with 1000 r. (OTS)« less


Using Scaling group transformation technique, class of similarity solution for steady, two dimensional laminar MHD boundary layer flows of incompressible nonNewtonian is derived. From the present analysis it is interesting to observe that for non-Newtonian viscoinelastic fluids of any model, which is characterized by the property that its stress and the rate of strain can be related by arbitrary continuous function, the similarity solutions exist only for the flows past 90° wedge. Numerical solution for the Prandtl-Eyring model is also discussed.


Recently, it has been claimed that rational choice theory provides the best framework for understanding how oppression is reproduced and maintained over time, particularly through the mechanism of inducing individuals to participate in their own oppression. This paper subjects this claim to critical scrutiny, drawing on a detailed discussion of the example of marital power to argue that rational choice theory does not and, indeed, cannot fully explain how individuals are compelled to participate in their own oppression.


: Camera-trapping provides an excellent tool for biodiversity and wildlife protection research. In this study, mammals and birds in Chishui Alsophila National Nature Reserve were monitored using 20 grid-ded camera traps. A total of 1,936 independent images (out of 45,953 recognizable images) were collected with an extensive survey effort of 6,370 camera-days during August 2015 to August 2017. We identified 19 mammal species and 28 bird species, of which 7 species were second-class National Protected Wildlife in China. The relative abundance index (RAI: number of records per trap effort) is widely used to assess the regional species abundance. The five most abundant mammal species with highest RAIs in Chishui Alsophila National Nature Reserve were Elaphodus cephalophus , Melogale moschata , Macaca thibetana , Muntiacus reevesi , Sus scrofa , and the five most abundant bird species with highest RAIs were Myophonus caeruleus , Tragopan temminckii , Bambusicola thoracicus , Garrulax chinensis , Pomatorhinus ruficollis . Rarefaction and species accumulation curves suggest that mammal sampling asymptotes around 300 days, suggesting monitoring efforts were sufficient although bird species continued to grow over time. The results of this extensive survey provide a comprehensive diversity study of mammals and birds in Chishui Alsophila National Nature Reserve and may provide primary baseline data for biodiversity management resources.


This presentation describes a model for demonstrating the feasibility of using a multimode fibre optic gyroscope for improving vehicle ride. Various applications of optical fibre sensors in vehicle technology are presented and results of experiments using the gyrometer model are discussed.


With the development of computer science,multi-core processor has been widely applied in many areas.In this paper,implementation technique of voltage regulator module for multi-core processor in high-performance computer is introduced in detail.The main circuits,output filter and feedback control circuits are designed detailedly,and the parameters are calculated.The application results show that it can fully meet the power requirements of multi-core processor.


DISTRICT AND community nurses *are to be offered education and support in caring for cancer patients at home as part of a £2 million drive by the government.


Kraton/polyaniline ionomer is synthesized and further characterized by electrochemical
studies to check the redox properties of the material. Ion exchange capacity, proton conductivity,
and selectivity of the synthesized membrane were determined. And found that the membrane
was selective for Cu (II) ions.

The dry Kraton membranes were weighed and kept in 25 mL of 10 % prepared aniline solution
in a conical flask for 5, 10, 15, and 20 minutes below 10 0C for socking. The prepared solution
of 30 mL of 0.1 M potassium peroxydisulfate was added in a conical flask at constant stirring below
10 0C for half an hour. Finally, the aluminum foil-covered conical flask was kept in the refrigerator
for 24 h and modified Kraton membranes were weighed again before carrying out further studies.

The membrane was characterized by some physicochemical methods like SEM, TGA, T-IR,
IEC, proton conductivity and selectivity sorption studies. An ionomeric membrane of Kraton polymer
was developed as reported earlier. Kraton membrane showed the IEC of 1.9 meq·g-1. The FTIR
spectrum of Kraton/PANI film reveals that weight loss up to 400°C may be found because of the
thermal degradation of composite substances.

Ion-selective potentiometric was carried out using the self-prepared ion-selective membrane
electrode. The membrane was prepared by solution casting method. The membrane was characterized
by some physicochemical methods like SEM, TGA, T-IR, IEC, proton conductivity and selectivity
sorption studies. On the basis of selectivity studies, the composite material was found selective
for Cu (II) ion. A copper ISME was successfully fabricated using the solution casting method.
The ISME possessed good selectivity, linearity, working pH range, and response time which was also
used as an indicator electrode for the titration of copper using EDTA.


to epoch. During a few decades of the nineteenth century, historians were overwhelmed by so many questions and by such high expectations that there existed a large public space for them that they merely had to occupy. At other times, they have had to conquer this space first if they wanted to gain continued attention. To be sure, a differentiation has to be introduced: any society has particular interests, e.g., in parts of its more recent past or in events that society sees as having something like a &dquo;mythical quality&dquo; about then, events that represent a major divide, that are deeply imprinted on that society's memory, that have attained a special role through tradition. There is, of course, always a space commanding wider public attention for these aspects. However, they are no more than small specks on the large canvas of history. Still, however receptive the public may be to the historian's work, it is safe to assume that historical scholarship can have


This paper carries out the mathematical modeling, simulation, and control law design for a quadrotor with variable-pitch propellers. The use of variable-pitch propeller for thrust variation instead of RPM regulation facilitates generation of negative thrust, thereby augmenting the rate of change of thrust generation amenable for aggressive maneuvering. Blade element theory along with momentum theory is used to estimate propeller thrust and torque essential for formulating equation of motion of the vehicle. The proposed flight dynamics model is used for non-linear control design using dynamic inversion technique, which is then used to stabilize, track reference trajectory, and simulate flip maneuver. The rotor torque is an irrational function of the control input which makes the control design challenging. To address this problem, the control design employs three loops. The outer loop solves the translational dynamics to generate the thrust, pitch angle, and roll angle commands required to track the prescribed trajectory. Using the command generated in the outer loop, the inner loop simplifies the rotational dynamics to provide the desired rate of angular velocities. A control allocation loop is added to address the problem of nonlinearity associated with rotor torque. This is done by introducing the derivative of thrust coefficient as a virtual control input. These virtual inputs determine the derivatives of thrust and body moments, which in turn is used to generate the required thrust and body moments. The concept is validated by showing attitude stabilization in real flight for a variable pitch quadrotor. The performance of the proposed design is shown through simulated results for attitude stabilization and trajectory following. Reverse thrust capability of variable-pitch quadrotor is also shown by performing flip maneuver in which quadrotor roll angle changes from 0 to 180 degrees.


We show how a symmetric game with incomplete information can be represented by an influence diagram. Object-oriented Bayesian networks allow its extension to a repeated game where the uncertainty about a further stage is modelled via a suitable  Bayesian network connected to the influence diagram.  Based on real cases of financial intermediation mergers a  decision support system is built and its use is illustrated indifferent scenarios.


Prostate cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among men in the United States. In contrast, cancer of the seminal vesicle is exceedingly rare, despite that the prostate and seminal vesicle share similar histology, secretory function, androgen dependency, blood supply, and (in part) embryonic origin. We hypothesized that gene‐expression differences between prostate and seminal vesicle might inform mechanisms underlying the higher incidence of prostate cancer.


Abstract The present article investigates the relationship between stated preferences for firm's characteristics and asset allocation decisions. Data from the survey of retail investors in Malaysia are used for estimations by employing binary logit and ordered logistic models. The analyses show that preferences for a firm's value characteristics, quality of management and product characteristics, risky characteristics, liquidity and trading volume characteristics affect holding of a particular financial asset, number of asset holding, quite diversified portfolio holding and hypothetical asset allocation. However, a firm's characteristics have no influence on fully diversified portfolio. In Malaysia, the regulators may consider the investor's preferences for specific firm's characteristics in designing policies to reduce the apparent structural imbalance in the capital market.


Business Intelligence (BI) is defined as the intelligent transfer of data from all variety of sources with a view to providing a real time quantification of business performance. Moreover, by utilizing BI senior managers are able to make better-informed decisions, guided by the integration of comprehensive information from all facets of an organization in real time. Further, the quality of corporate decision making is directly dependent upon the quality of data. Quality dimensions have proven to be of importance in evaluating how an organization understands and manages its data. Hence, in this study we employed the data quality model of Wang and Strong as our benchmark, and by questioning experts five additional factors (Usefulness, Efficiency, Availability, Navigation, and Usability) were added to the model to improve the reference model. Furthermore, the importance of these factors (and how they relate to each other, in terms of their dimensions) will be measured by the AHP method and an expert panel. Finally, we will reveal how the findings demonstrate that the intrinsic, contextual, representational and accessibility IQs in terms of their dimensions and reputation, accuracy, believability, and reliability, proved to be the most important factors..


Piezoelectric has drawn significant attention as the smart and straightforward generator as energy harvester for decades. The principle of this theology is to transform the vibration from itself blending become electricity through the piezoelectric effect phenomenal. Piezoelectric has been used to generate electricity through the cantilever form. However, it still hard to apply with the rotational movement. This research represents the practical optimization test of the rotational piezoelectric generator for a low-speed application such as application in ocean wave or wearable device under the speed between 10 to 100 RPM. The design was applied a pushing force of two permanent magnets which, attached at the far end of the piezoelectric cantilever in stator and the rotational disk in rotor. When the application load drives the rotor, the magnetic field from each permanent magnet will repulse each other and generate AC electricity. The experimental result shows the possibility to harvest energy in the range of 5.92 and 234.47 microwatts at 10 RPM (0.167 Hz) and 100 RPM (1.667 Hz) in order.


The aim of this paper is to present the specificity of nature conservation in the area of urban forests on the example of the city of Poznań. The article presents the basic legal acts in force in Poland which relate to the nature conservation. The authors present recommendations concerning the nature protection within the urban forests that are currently in force in Poznań.


The study provides an empirical evidence of the relationship between macroeconomic variables and bank stock returns in the context of GCC countries using a panel data approach. The data for this study is retrieved from the DataStream World Bank Data archive. The data of 66 banks for the period 2005-2014 was examined using GLS estimation for the analysis. The findings revealed that there is a statistically positive relationship between macroeconomic variables and Islamic bank returns. The positive relationship implies that most banks in the GCC countries engage in numerous off-balance sheet transactions and implement efficient and effective methods of risk management, which reduces their exposure to changes in macroeconomic variables.


Objective: The production of vital sign data is characterized by high concurrency and large amount of data. The data of user's vital sign hashigh medical and economic value, and it is very necessary to store it.Methods: Using a single-threaded, asynchronous I/O, event-driven Node.js and non-relational database MongoDB to build a data platformsuitable for high concurrency and massive data storage of vital signs.Results: By establishing the data storage platform of vital sign data, we can further analyze and utilize the data, and it is of great significanceto develop other health services on this basis, which is of great significance for cultivating users' health care consciousness, preventingdisease and medical research.


In this paper, we mainly show a novel fast fractional order anisotropic diffusion algorithm for noise removal based on the recent numerical scheme called the Fast Explicit Diffusion. To balance the efficiency and accuracy of the algorithm, the truncated matrix method is used to deal with the iterative matrix in the model and its error is also estimated. In particular, we obtain the stability condition of the iteration by the spectrum analysis method. Through implementing the fast explicit format iteration algorithm with periodic change of time step size, the efficiency of the algorithm is greatly improved. At last, we show some numerical results on denoising tasks. Many experimental results confirm that the algorithm can more quickly achieve satisfactory denoising results.


The objective of this study was to assess the effect of processing fresh milk into dairy products on conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) content of total and individual CLA isomers (cis-9, trans-11; trans-10, cis-12; cis-10. cis-12) of dairy cow products, raw milk powdered and condensed milk. Additionally, samples of raw milk from two regions of southern Chile (Los Angeles and Los Lagos), obtained by a dairy plant were collected and analyzed. The processing of fresh milk dairy products affected the CLA and its isomers, finding a significant interaction between product type and sampling month, with the total average values of 1.35 g CLA / 100 g of fatty acids (AG) in fresh milk and 1.45 and 0.93 g / 100 g AG transferred to the milk powder and condensed respectively. As isomers, the cis-9, trans-11 had higher levels in the powdered milk that fresh milk in 7 months of the 10 months studied with values from 0.50 to 0.84 g / 100 g AG. The isomer trans-10, cis-1 + cis-10, cis-12 CLA was found in a range of 0, 24 to 0.64 g / 100 g AG always low in fresh milk. It is concluded that further research is necessary to elucidate the precise effect of processing and storage of milk and milk products on the content of CLA needed.


An overview is given of recent advances toward the realization of high density, high confinement plasmas with radiating mantles in limiter and divertor tokamaks worldwide. Radiatively improved mode discharges on the Torus Experiment for Technology Oriented Research 94 (TEXTOR-94) [Proceedings of the 16th IEEE Symposium on Fusion Engineering, 1995 (Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Piscataway, NJ, 1995), p. 470] have recently been obtained at trans-Greenwald densities (up to n/nGW=1.4) with high confinement mode free of edge localized modes (ELM-free H-mode) confinement quality. Experiments in DIII-D [J. Luxon et al., Proceedings of the 11th IAEA Conference on Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research (International Atomic Energy Association, Vienna, 1987), Vol. 1, p. 159] divertor plasmas with a low confinement mode edge have confirmed the dramatic changes in confinement observed with impurity seeding on TEXTOR-94. Recent experiment with impurity seeding on the Joint Europea...


Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) is a new nanotechnology for the implementation of nano-sized digital circuits. This nanotechnology is remarkable in terms of speed, area, and power consumption compared to complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology and can significantly improve the design of various logic circuits. We propose a new method for implementing a T-latch in QCA technology in this paper. The proposed method uses the intrinsic features of QCA in timing and clock phases, and therefore, the proposed cell structure is less occupied and less power-consuming than existing implementation methods. In the proposed T-latch, compared to previous best designs, reductions of 6.45% in area occupation and 44.49% in power consumption were achieved. In addition, for the first time, a reset-based T-latch and a T-latch with set and reset capabilities are designed. Using the proposed T-latch, a new 3-bit counter is developed which reduces 2.14% cell numbers compared to the best of previous designs. Moreover, based on the 3-bit counter, a 4-bit counter is designed, which reduces 0.51% cell numbers and 4.16% cross-section area compared to previous designs. In addition, two selective counters are introduced to count from 0 to 5 and from 2 to 5. Simulations were performed using QCADesigner and QCAPro tools in coherence vector engine mode. The proposed circuits are compared with related designs in terms of delay, cell numbers, area, and leakage power. 量子点元胞自动机(QCA)是一种用于实现纳米数字电路的新型纳米技术。这种纳米技术在速度、面积和功耗方面都优于互补金属氧化物半导体(CMOS)技术, 并且可以显著改善各种逻辑电路设计。本文提出一种在QCA技术中实现T型锁存器的新方法, 该方法利用了QCA在时序和时钟相位上的固有特征, 因此, 所提单元结构与现有方法相比占用面积更少, 功耗更低。与之前的最佳设计相比, 该T型锁存器的占用面积减少6.45%, 功耗降低44.49%。此外, 本文首次设计了基于复位的T型锁存器和具有置位和复位功能的T型锁存器。基于所提T型锁存器, 开发了一种新型3位计数器, 与之前的最佳设计相比减少2.14%的单元数。在3位计数器的基础上, 设计了4位计数器, 与之前的设计相比, 减少0.51%的单元数和4.16%的截面积。此外还引入两个选择性计数器, 分别从0到5和从2到5进行计数。在相干矢量引擎模式下, 使用QCADesigner和QCAPro软件进行模拟, 并将所提电路与相关设计在延迟、单元数、面积和漏电功率方面进行了比较。


Ten different pre-harvest treatments were applied on sapota cv. Kalipatti viz., T1–25 kg FYM + 400 + 60 + 300 g NPK/tree,T2–25 kg FYM + 350 + 60 + 250 g NPK/tree, T3–25 kg FYM + 300 + 60 + 200 g NPK/tree, T4–25 kg FYM + 250 + 60 + 150 g NPK/tree, T5–25 kg FYM alone/tree, T6–5 kg vermicompost + 250 + 60 + 300 g NPK/tree, T7–5 kg vermicompost + 350 + 60 + 250 g NPK/tree, T8–5 kg vermicompost + 300 + 60 + 200 g NPK/tree, T9–5 kg vermicompost + 250 + 60 + 150 g NPK/tree and T10-5 kg vermicompost alone/tree. Among all pre-harvest treatments, 5 kg vermicompost + 400 + 60 + 300 g NPK/tree was found to be superior in respect of extending post-harvest shelf-life as well as other physico-chemical parameters, viz., volume, peel weight, pulp weight, colour acceptance, TSS, reducing sugar, non reducing sugar, acidity and vitamin-C content, while maximum firmness of fruits was found under 25 kg FYM + 400 + 60 + 300 g NPK/tree. Organoleptic test in respect of colour and texture was more acceptable under 5 kg vermicompost + 400 + 60 + 300 kg NPK/tree while flavour and taste was superior under 25 kg FYM alone/tree.


IT is probable that no gynaecological ailment has givei rise to more discussions or acute differences of opinion than that of backwiard displacement of the uterus. Onie of the reasons for this is the fact that in many cases the varied types of backward disgtlacement have not been clearIly differentiated or defined. It is advisable to put oIi onel side -those classes of case about which everyone is agreed and to concentrate on the types about wlhich there is room for discussion, and if possible to bring forward argumenits suplported by definite evidence on the pathological significance of a backwald displacement of tlhe uterus, and as to the conditions under which a backward displacement requires treatment. Accordingly I shall exclude from-l this discussion the following conditions: (1) The mobile retrodeviation in which the uterus changes its position with the distension of the bladder, and may perlhaps be found retroverted during an examination oIn one occasion, while on another it is in that positioni of anteversion which is regarded as normal. The misuse of the word " mobile " is the cause of much misunderstanding in its connexion with backward displacements, and I shall use it only for this class of case where symptomiis should be absent and no treatment will be required. There is nio doubt that in the past a great deal of unnecessary pessairy treatment has been adoptedl for tem-iporary aberrations which woulde very probably have riglhted themselves. I would emiiphasize, therefore, the importance of, and necessity fol, repeated pelvic examinations before any treatment, either operative oIr otherwise, is undertaken. (2) The fixed, adher ent, painful displacements of the uterus where an infection, either puerperal, or of appendix origin, or gonococcal, has been or is plresent. (3) Retroversion of the uterus associated witlh prolapse. In both these classes the backwalrd displacelment is only par t of a miiore comlplicated condition, anid its treatmiient will also probably be an incident in the treatment of that conildition. (4) Leaviiig on one side these extreme classes, I shall direct particular attention to another group, which I sllll lescr ibe as the immobile, non-adherent, backward displacement, and in this group I shall include both etrover sion -namiiely, the backward rotation of the uterus round a tr anisverse axis passing through the oervix and retroflexion, which is actually not a displacement, but a clhange in the shape of the uterus. In 1912, in a paper read before the North of England Gy nnecological Society, founded on 100 cases of backward displacement treated by Gilliam's operation, I expressed the opinion which I had formed as a clinical assistant at the New Hospital for Women-where, though the cases werc not uniformily gynaecological, a pelvic examinationi wa isIa(le as a routine-that one did not often finid a (lefinit^e retroversion which was not givinig rise to sviiIptoms. I have not changed this opinion, but I think it woul(d be usefnl if a series of cases taken from medical or