The paper made a review of different convictions on the discourse as a complex phenomenon being subject for the combined studies. The study explored mental, substance-specific, procedural and linguistic boundaries of the dis-course of law, the substance of it and dimensions as well; and made a description of linguistic features specific for an American English discourse of law, with a definition of American English discourse of law provided. The dis-course of law represents a specific type of institutional discourse (an occupation-specific shoptalk), with a semiot-ic domain characterized by the set of verbal and non-verbal signs (with their verbal equivalents), all these creating both institutional and non-institutional communication patterns, where an agent, an addressee and the substance (or at least either of the mentioned components) refer to the do-main of law and/ or occur at the intersection of the dis-course of law with other types of discourse (e.g. historic discourse, or political one, or educational or military ones), with the mass-media discourse, or the discourse of fiction, etc.


The 2019 Asian American/Pacific Islander Nurses Association (AAPINA) & Taiwan Nurses
Association (TWNA) Joint International Conference was held with the theme of Changes in Nursing Research, Education, and Practice: From Local to Global on August 16–17, 2019 at the Splendor Hotel, Taichung City, Taiwan. More than 700 researchers,
educators, and clinical nurses from over 10 countries participated in the conference. A dozen of internationally well-known nursing scholars and leaders including Dr.
Pamela F. Cipriono, the Vice President of International Council of Nurses (ICN), Dr. Wen-Ying Chou, the Program Director of Health Communication and Informatics Research Branch, the National Cancer Institute of the USA, and Dr. Eun-Ok Im, the AAPINA
President-Elect, and Dr. Hsiu-Hung Wang, the TWNA President provided keynote speeches. In addition, seven international scholars and leaders provided a thought-provoking forum on changes in nursing leadership in Asian countries.


This report presents the results of one year of operation of the cogeneration system capability of the Georgetown University coal- fired, atmospheric fluidized-bed (AFB) boiler. The AFB was designed and installed under a separate contract with the US Department of Energy. The AFB project funded by DOE to demonstrate that high sulfur coal could be burned in an environmentally acceptable manner in a urban environment such as Georgetown. In addition, operational data from the unit would assist the industry in moving directly into design and construction of commercially warranted industrial size AFB boilers. 9 figs., 3 tabs.


All of the three words "baoqian","daoqian"and "duibuqi" express the unease and regret in the heart,but there are many differences in the types of writing and the specific usages of them,which cause confusion in use for foreign students.The three words and their specific usages should be arranged in suitable order in Teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language.The paper makes an attempt in this aspect.


Coloured operads were introduced in the 1970s for the purpose of studying homotopy invariant algebraic structures on topological spaces. In this paper, we introduce coloured operads in motivic stable homotopy theory. Our main motivation is to uncover hitherto unknown highly structured properties of the slice filtration. The latter decomposes every motivic spectrum into its slices, which are motives, and one may ask to what extent the slice filtration preserves highly structured objects such as algebras and modules. We use coloured operads to give a precise solution to this problem. Our approach makes use of axiomatic setups which specialize to classical and motivic stable homotopy theory. Accessible t‐structures are central to the development of the general theory. Concise introductions to coloured operads and Bousfield (co)localizations are given in separate appendices.


Abstract Cucumber plants were solution-cultured with and without silicon. Both silicon-free and silicon-supplied (100 ppm SiO2) plants grew normally in the earlier growth stage. In the flowering stage, however, the newly developed leaves (8th or 9th leaves) of silicon-free plants showed malformations such as curling, whereas no abnormal symptoms were observed in leaves developing subsequently. In severe cases, the silicon-free plants began to dry up from the lower-leaves upwards. The growth and yield of silicon-free plants were markedly inferior to those of silicon-supplied plants. The pollen fertility of silicon-free plants was lower than that of silicon-supplied plants. Disease symptoms of powdery mildew were observed on al1leaves of silicon-free plants; however, no such symptoms were observed in leaves of silicon-supplied (100 ppm SiO2) plants. The silicon content of leaves and plant growth increased, proportionally to the silicon concentration in the solutions, while disease symptoms of powdery mildew...


Optimization is about inferring the location of the optimum of a function. An information-optimal optimizer should thus aim to collapse its belief about the location of the optimum towards a point-distribution, as fast as possible. But the state of the art rarely addresses this inference problem. Instead, it usually relies on some heuristic predicting function optima, then evaluates at the maximum of the heuristic. The reason there are no truly probabilistic optimizers yet is that they are intractable in several ways. In this paper, we present tractable approximations for each of these issues, and arrive at a flexible global optimizer for functions under Gaussian process priors, which performs well in comparison to a state of the art Gaussian process optimizer.


To attain the most academic success among adolescent English Language Learners (ELL), the efforts of all the people associated with them must be combined along with multiple resources. Integration of curriculum content, instructional strategies, assessment, cultural responsiveness, and community resources are all critical components of success. During instruction, strategies and supportive techniques must follow the steps adolescents go through when attaining conversation and academic language. Learning strategies to be used by teachers, students, parents and community members are offered in this paper to keep your English Language Learners from falling behind academically, and ultimately lead to academic success. Helping children who are English Language Learners (ELLs) is a multifaceted challenge that calls for strategic pedagogy to ensure the best possible success for emerging bilingual students. Recognizing that the individual cultural and linguistic strengths of such students provide a solid foundation for future learning, it is essential to not only help our students learn to communicate well in English, but also to engage with the varied curriculum offered in schools. Individual efforts by teachers, students, and helpers may be combined to reinforce the children's individual efforts and form a community of learners. Curriculum content, instructional strategies, assessment, cultural responsiveness, and community resources need to be coordinated as critical but different aspects of learning components for English Language Learners' ultimate success. Specific examples of learning strategies for teachers, students, parents, and community members will be identified in this paper. Although bilingual education has been found to provide the best outcomes for the English Language Learner (Collier, 1992), many schools lack the resources or find themselves in a political environment where bilingual education is not currently a possibility. Although often framed as a problem, we choose to frame this discussion as an opportunity for teacher development, for improved educational outcomes for all students, and for a more just system of education. This section describes the changing demography of the student population in the United States. Students arriving in classrooms who are English Language Learners (ELLs) have either come to this country as immigrants or were born in the United States, but speak a language different other than English at home. Educational backgrounds vary; some (ELLs) are immigrants who have not had much schooling in their countries of origin, while others are literate in their native language and possess excellent content knowledge. The majority of ELLs were born in the United States (i.e. 76% of elementary and 56% of secondary students are native-born) (Capps, Fix,


During the first fifteen years after the Cold War (1989-2003), the resolutions adopted by the UN Security Council contained 1,557 demands addressed to conflict parties in civil wars. Based on a statistical analysis of IPI's Security Council Compliance Database, this report shows that while the levels of compliance with these demands varied, there was a slight increase in compliance over time. What factors influence the likelihood that conflict parties will comply? This working paper presents preliminary findings on variation in compliance. Based on the tentative results reported in this paper, the authors conclude that it is particularly important for the Security Council to design its conflict management strategy with great attention to the situation on the ground in the conflict theater. They also warn against spillover effects of persistent noncompliance with its demands across conflicts. Nonetheless, they suggest that the Council should not choose inaction over taking a principled stance when needed, even if it fears aggressors will not abide by its demands.


A LiAl/Cl{sub 2} cell operating at 280{degrees}C was investigated. The electrolyte is a mixture of LiCl, KCl, RbCl, and CsCl with a eutectic melting point of 258 {degrees}C. The positive electrode is a gas-diffusion electrode formed by coating one side of a porous carbon electrode with PTFE. The limiting discharge current of the cell was controlled by solid-state diffusion of Li in the LiA1 alloy. Polarization of the Cl{sub 2} electrode was caused by the low cross-sectional area of the electrolyte film compared with the pore cross-sectional area. Deactivation of the positive electrode was caused by impurities, such as Cu{sup +}, in the electrolyte. Mathematical models of the negative and positive electrodes in a LiAl/Cl{sub 2} cell with a gas diffusion Cl{sub 2} electrode have been formulated. A thin film gas diffusion electrode model was used for the positive electrode, while solid-state diffusion of Li in {alpha}-LiAl was assumed to limit the negative electrode and the cell current. The thin film is liquid salt on the porous electrode walls through which chlorine diffuses.


We have measured the thermal conductivity of the iron pnictide superconductor LaFePO down to temperatures as low as T = 60 mK and in magnetic fields up to 5 T. The data show a large residual contribution that is linear in temperature, consistent with the presence of low-energy electronic quasiparticles. We interpret the magnitude of the linear term, as well as the field and temperature dependence of thermal transport in several pairing scenarios. The presence of an unusual supralinear temperature dependence of the electronic thermal conductivity in zero magnetic field, and a high scattering rate with minimal Tc suppression argues for a sign-changing nodal s± state.


Rhodiola rosea produces nearly 150 bioactive compounds. Cinnamyl alcohol glycosides (CAGs) are among the most important secondary metabolites which are specific to this plant species, exhibiting adaptogenic properties along with salidroside. However, raw material supplies for the pharmaceutical industry are hindered by limited access to the plant material. The species is endangered and protected in many areas: cultivation is long and ineffective. Precursor feeding has been found to be an effective strategy for improving the production of secondary metabolites in various plant tissues cultures, including in Rhodiola species. In this study, whole R. rosea plants grown in vitro were subjected to three different precursor treatments, including with trans-cinnamic acid, cinnamaldehyde and cinnamyl alcohol at 2 mM concentrations. The different treatments affected the secondary metabolite production differently. Trans-cinnamic acid did not affect the synthesis significantly, which contradicts earlier studies with cell suspensions. On the other hand, cinnamyl alcohol and cinnamaldehyde were beneficial, improving the production rate of rosin and rosavin by 13.8- and 6.9-fold, and 92.7- and 8.0-fold, respectively. The significant improvement in CAG accumulation due to cinnamaldehyde treatment was unexpected based on previous studies. In addition, cinnamaldehyde triggered the production of rosarin, which the other two treatments failed to do. The study presents the beneficial application of precursors to whole plants grown in vitro.


Abstract Low RCS targets detection is a challenging problem for marine radar in sea clutter. In this paper, a new detection algorithm is developed based on Radon and inverse Radon transform which accounts for the linear feature of the targets in sea clutter. After Radon transform the SCR is increased and clutter can be suppressed more easily in Radon domain. Then the data in Radon domain can be inverse Radon transformed into time-range domain, and the target track can be detected. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm makes the detection of very small targets possible.


'Soul' is one of the fundamental categories of our consciousness. What does it mean for a child? Russian children from an urban area (n = 148) were interviewed to answer this question. The data shows that children understand soul as an internal phenomenon, which is responsible for the social, emotional and moral life of a person. Children believe that the soul has primacy over the body, serves to control and guide human behaviour and performs such functions as emotions, thinking, memory and wishes. Children communicate animistic, ethical and psychological meanings to the concept of soul. Comparative data obtained in four age groups of children (5-6, 6-7, 7-8, 9-10 year olds) are discussed.


Due to their facile synthesis, biocompatibility, high apparent photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield and applications in photocatalysis, sensing and biomarkers carbon nanodots (CNDs) have been investigated intensively in recent years. Solvothermal...


Agriculture for small fields technology is changing rapidly. Farm machinery, farm building and production facilities are constantly being improved. Agriculture for small fields applications which is done by photovoltaic (PV) solutions. These applications are a mix of individual installations and systems installed by utility companies when they have found that a PV solution is the best solution for remote agricultural need such as water pumping for small fields or livestock. A solar powered water pumping system is made up of two basic components. These are PV panels and pumps. The smallest element of a PV panel is the solar cell. Each solar cell has two or more specially prepared layers of semiconductor material that produce direct current (DC) electricity when exposed to light. This DC current is collected by the wiring in the panel. It is then supplied either to a DC pump, which in turn pumps water whenever the sun shines, or stored in batteries for later use by the pump.


Abstract The use of diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings to improve the performance of more complex mechanical components or systems is currently increasing rapidly. Higher demands on robustness and reliability and less maintenance imply that incremental improvements in steel or lubricants is no longer sufficient and therefore DLC coatings, belonging to the family of hard wear-resistant coatings, have become a realistic option also for components such as bearings, gears, joints or cams. This paper describes the development of DLC coatings for highly loaded components with complex geometry made from low-temperature stabilized steel, exemplifies their performance with test results and discusses relevant test and quality control methods for component coatings. Finally, an outlook on the future of surface engineering of components is given.


Physical states in canonically quantized, finite, 4 dimensional quantum gravity. Quantized constraints of the full theory. Abstract This is the first in a series of papers outlining an algorithm to explicitly construct a finite quantum theory of gravity in Ashtekar variables. The algorithm is based upon extending some properties of a special state, the Kodama state for pure gravity with cosmological term, to more general models. We then illustrate a presciption for nonperturbatively constructing the analogue of the Kodama state for a general case, in preparation for subsequent works in this series. We also touch in the last section upon some issues in quantum gravity which may be addressed within the context of our approach, mainly for future work in the seires. These include issues of finiteness, renormalizability, reality conditions on the Ashtekar variables and the problem of time in quantum gravity.


This paper presents a possibility of approaching the theme "nuclear stability of the elements" that can be used in university courses of basic  chemistry, or even in high school.


Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of semi-hip and total hip arthroplasty in femoral neck fractures.Methods Totally 96 femoral neck fracture patients in our hospital from January 2007 to January 2011 were elected and studied.51 cases of patients(total hip group) were performed with total hip arthroplasty and the other 45 cases(semi-hip group) were performed with semi-hip replacement.The operation time,blood loss,hospital stay,postoperative complications,pain and hip joint function recovery time and other related indicators were observed.All the patients were followed up more than one year.Results The operation time,blood loss,and function recovery time of the two groups showed an obvious difference(P0.05) while the postoperative complications and function recovery of the two groups showed no significant difference(P0.05).And the semi-hip group of postoperative pain was significantly higher than that of the total hip group(P0.05).Conclusion For patients with femoral neck fractures both semi-hip replacement and total hip replacement are effective treatments to improve their quality of life,but total hip arthroplasty is a better choice for the treatment of elderly femoral neck fracture.


The invention relates to a test tube storage device used for a water quality detector. The test tube storage device comprises a base, a supporting platform, a protective sleeve and a locating clamping mechanism, wherein the supporting platform is connected with the base by virtue of a lifting mechanism, a through hole is formed in the supporting platform, a test tube is placed in the protective sleeve, the protective sleeve is connected in the through hole of the supporting platform, the protective sleeve is formed by connecting a first sleeve and a second sleeve up and down, the upper end of the second sleeve is movably connected in the lower end of the first sleeve, a threaded hole is formed in the outer side wall of the lower end of the first sleeve, a pre-tightening bolt is connected in the threaded hole, the pre-tightening bolt passes through the threaded hole to be connected with the second sleeve, and the locating clamping mechanism is arranged between the first sleeve and the through hole. The test tube storage device provided by the invention has the advantages of simple structure, easiness in manufacturing, practicability and high efficiency.


Summary Pathogen detection in the meat inspection plays an important role for public health. Prevention of raw material contamination is particularly important for control of food poisoning caused by Campylobacter and Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC). Application of highly sensitive and rapid screening methods for these pathogens is therefore required. With the progress of globalization, the transboundary movement of humans, goods and animals (including meat, animal feed, and waste) has been increasing throughout the world. Transboundary animal diseases (TAD), such as African swine fever, foot-and-mouth disease and highly pathogenic avian influenza, cause vast economic losses. While it is crucial to identify the sources and transmission routes of the spread, such strategies are rarely successful due to the low contamination level in environmental samples. We developed the micro-amount of virion enrichment technique (MiVET) for elucidation of their circulation dynamics in the environment, and for the early diagnosis of TAD and strengthening of early containment scheme.


Mr. Jacobsen's article and the accompanying discussions on the scope and outlook for the current interpretational practices in aeromagnetic surveys are very timely and deserve the attention of all geophysicists as well as exploration management. Since World War II the aeromagnetic surveys have replaced the ground magnetic surveys as a reconnaissance exploration tool chiefly because of the former's rapidity and cheapness in data‐gathering. In this process, however, the aerial technique has lost one advantage going with the ground surveys. In land surveys the practice has been to make simultaneous magnetic and gravity observations and the interpretations of basement features are made from these paired observations. I believe that the absence of concurrent information on gravity has been a real handicap with aeromagnetic interpretation in reliably locating basement features in the early stages of exploration. Perhaps the present aerial gravitymeter instrumentation can be soon improved to desired sensitivity ...


Meta-biomaterial with rationally design geometrical features provides an exciting opportunity to reduce stress shielding effect and enhance biological fixation as vital criteria for longer durability load-bearing implants. Recently, selective laser melting (SLM), an additive manufacturing has shown significant advantages to produce complex shape which component's dimensions are close to final dimensions with high degree of interconnected structure. Nonetheless, the available data on achievable accuracy of parts with different geometries from this manufacturing process is scarce. In this study, meta-biomaterials with two different unit cells types made of cobalt chrome molybdenum (Co-Cr-Mo) namely square and diamond are designed with varied unit cell length, Lcell of 1.5 mm and 2.5 mm while strut size, ΦS of 0.4 mm and 0.6 mm then fabricated by SLM. The effects of unit cell geometries on the manufacturability and density were investigated. The manufacturability accuracy has a good geometric agreement between fabricated samples and original computer aid designed models (CAD). The optical microscope images reveal the partially melted metal particles are bonded to the strut surface. The structures with bigger strut size have higher density due to denser struts.


The effects of such main environmental factors during edible fungus production as temperature,humidity,aeration,pH value,light and wind speed on the growth and development of edible fungi's mycelia and fruiting bodies and their interactions were reviewed,and the future research direction was also discussed on the bases of previous researches and their results.


A multilayer model of the interface between a solid and a regular solution has been developed by treating the solution phase in the grand canonical ensemble. The partition functions necessary for the evaluation of the grand partition function are obtained using either the quasi-chemical or Bragg-Williams approximations. The equilibrium concentration profile normal to the interface is then found from the maximum term in the multiple sum for the grand partition function. The adsorption, surface tension, and heat of wetting for the multilayer model are derived, and methods of obtaining the model parameters from experimental data are suggested. A comparison has been made between the quasi-chemical and Bragg-TVilliams approximations for the multilayer model. The monolayer model is also discussed, and compared with the multilayer for both the solid-regular solution and the low-density vapour-regular solution interfaces. It is shown that the monolayer model can often be fitted to the multilayer model by a suitable choice of parameters. It is concluded that in the absence of absolute methods of obtaining the area of the solid-solution interface, the experimental data may not provide outright support for the multi- layer model, but internal inconsistencies discourage the use of the monolayer model. There is an increasing interest in the properties of the interface between a solid and a non-electrolyte solution.1 The majority of experimental studies of this type of interface have been restricted to the measurement of adsorption, but in some instances the heat of wetting as a function of bulk phase composition has also been determined. In most cases, the complexity of the liquid phase and the surface region has allowed only a qualitative interpretation of the experimental results. Neverthe- less, there have been a few investigations in which solutions of comparatively simple molecules have been used and the experimental results have been treated in a quantitative manner.2-5 Some simple monolayer models of the solid-solution inter- face have been proposed for which the structure of the solid phase has been ignored, Division of Applied Chemistry, CSIRO Chemical Research Laboratories, Melbourne, Vic. 3001. Kipling, J. J., "Adsorption from Solutions of Non-Electrolytes." (Academic Press: London 1965.) Billet, D. F., Everett, D. H., and Wright, E. H. &I., Proc. chem. Soc. 1964, 216. 3 Blackburn, A., and Kipling, J. J., J. chem. Soc., 1954, 3819. 4 Blackburn, A., Kipling, J. J., and Tester, D. A., J. chem. Soc. 1957, 2373. 5 Wright, E. H. &I., Trans. Paraday Soc., 1966, 62, 1275. Aust. J. Chem., 1968, 21, 827-51


In this analytical approach we fabricate and characterized a Titanium Dioxide Dye sensitized solar cell using Doctor-Blade Technique. The samples were given annealing treatment at various time of 20, 30 and 40 minutes respectivelyat constant annealing temperature of 450oC. The device under test (DUT) were tested using a Kiethley 2400, source meter under A.M 1.5 (1000W/m2) illumination from a Newport class A solar simulator.The results shows that at the miscellaneous annealing time, the open circuit voltagesVoc= 0.28V, 0.30V and 0.29V, the short circuit current density Jsc=95.5µAcm-2 , 104.1µAcm-2and 105µAcm-2, the fill factor FF= 0.411, 0.448 and 0.525 and the energy conversion efficiency, η = 0.011, 0.014 and 0.016 respectively.With best results of open circuit voltage Voc=0.30, short circuit current density Jsc= 105mAcm-2, fill factor FF= 0.525 and energy conversion efficiency η= 0.016 was achieved.It was observed that the power density, Fill Factor and efficiency increases with increasewith increase in annealing time.


This commentary responds to the recent enthusiasm for the idea of interregnum, revived by Gramsci in the 1930s and now by Zygmunt Bauman and Carlo Bordoni. While sympathetic to its impulse, the suggestion is made here that rather than being trapped in between, the West is entering a new authoritarian normal, where innovation as well as repetition are apparent. Trump Fever, in particular, may be a kind of smokescreen or western liberal obsession, not because the problems involved are less than fully serious, but because we allow their anxieties to disable us. Meantime, the serious global contender for global hegemony, The People's Republic of China, is often occluded from vision. Ergo Spengler: this may be not only the epoch of the decline of the West, but also the rise of the New China.


Compulsory citizenship behavior is the extra workload that the employee is exposed to outside of the job description. The job performance of the employee is effected by the physical and psychological weight of the workload. However, self-confidence and motivation provided by psychological comfort can regulate the effect of compulsory citizenship behavior on job performance. The aim of this research is to examine the moderator role of psychological comfort in the effect of compulsory citizenship behavior on job performance. The research sample consists of 203 people working in the field of service in the private sector. Convenience sampling method was used in the research, SPSS.23 statistical program and multiple regression technique were used. In the research, demographic questions, compulsory citizenship behavior, psychological comfort and job performance scales were used. According to the results of the research, compulsory citizenship behavior effected job performance negatively and significantly. According to another result of the research, the moderator role of psychological comfort in the effect of compulsory citizenship behavior on job performance has been determined. The results of the research show that the negative effects of increasing workloads and work stress on work performance in today's business conditions can be regulated by factors such as psychological trust, support and sharing of ideas. In this context, it is hoped that the results of the research will contribute to HR experts, managers and employees in terms of employee productivity.


Polyvinyl chloride (vinyl or PVC) is a substance widely used in children's products. Because children in contact with these products may ingest substantial quantities of potentially harmful chemicals during normal play, especially when they chew on the product, this Greenpeace study examined the levels of lead and cadmium in a variety of consumer products. A collection of 131 PVC products, including clothing, backpacks, toys, and household items, were purchased (in the Chicago area) at national chain stores such as K-Mart, Walmart, Target, and Toys R Us. Findings indicated that about 20 percent of the products contained from 100 to over 22,000 parts-per-million lead, with 18 percent of the products exceeding the maximum lead limit recommended by the Consumer Product Safety Commission. All the lead-containing products contained varying levels of cadmium, a known carcinogen. The study was replicated with the same results with products purchased in California, 10 major U.S. cities and Montreal, Canada. Several products released leador cadmium-contaminated dust over a 4-week period. (Additional materials appended to this report include a consumer bulletin, the summary of an additional study on the level of phthalates in PVC products, a scientific contact list, and background information on soft PVC toys. Five separately issued news releases, fact sheets, and copies of newspaper articles are appended; they discuss: lead and cadmium toxicity, exposure, and regulation; the reason for the Greenpeace investigation; regulation of lead in vinyl products, stabilizers in PVC, and the materials and methods used in the study. Contains about 35 references.) (KB) ******************************************************************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * * from the original document. * ******************************************************************************** U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and tmprovement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION )1///. CENTER (ERIC) his document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. 0 Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy. LEAD AND CADMIUM IN VINYL CHILDREN'S PRODUCTS by Joseph Di Gangi, PhD ( PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY C C(\sar TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) GitEENIVACeri_ 1436 U STREET, NW WASHINGTON, DC 20009 1-800-326-0959 http://www.greenpeaceusa.org


Acquiring Multiword Verbs: The Role of Statistical Evidence Afsaneh Fazly, Aida Nematzadeh, and Suzanne Stevenson Department of Computer Science University of Toronto {afsaneh, aida, firstname.lastname@example.com Abstract In addition to words and grammar, young children learn a large number of multiword sequences that are semantically idiosyn- cratic and have particular syntactic behaviour, e.g., expressions formed from the combination of a verb and a noun, such as take the train and give a kiss. Given the high degree of polysemy of verbs that commonly participate in such constructions, an important question is what cues children use to identify (non- literal) multiword combinations. We provide evidence that cer- tain statistical cues tapping into the properties of non-literal expressions are useful in separating these from literal com- binations. Moreover, our experiments on naturally occurring child-directed data show that these cues are easily extractable from the input children receive. Introduction Traditional theories of grammar distinguish between lexical knowledge (the individual words that a speaker knows) and grammatical knowledge (the rules for combining words into meaningful utterances). However, there is a rich range of lin- guistic phenomena in the less explored area between words and combinatory rules/constraints. For example, a multiword lexeme such as take the train has an idiosyncratic semantics ("use a train as mode of transport") that suggest its treat- ment as a lexical unit, but also behaves as a syntactic phrase (e.g., took a train, take the fast train, take trains all over Europe). Much research on language has thus focused on a range of multiword lexemes such as idioms, light verb con- structions, and collocations (e.g., Cowie, 1981; Moon, 1998). Psycholinguists have also shown the importance of contin- gent frequency effects among words and syntactic patterns in the learning and processing of language (Nation et al., 2003; Sosa & MacFarlane, 2002). In theories of language acquisition in particular, especially usage-based accounts of language learning (which eschew complex innate linguistic knowledge), the role of multiword constructions has been emphasized (e.g., Goldberg, 1995; Tomasello, 2003). However, computational modelling of lan- guage acquisition has continued to focus on various aspects of word learning (e.g., Li et al., 2007; Regier, 2005; Yu & Smith, 2006), or grammar learning (e.g., Clark, 2001; Sakas & Fodor, 2001), with work on intermediate constructions mostly limited to identifying general properties of verb argu- ment usages (e.g., Alishahi & Stevenson, 2008; Chang, 2004; Dominey & Inui, 2004). Thus there is a gap in the study of child language acqui- sition that has largely left unaddressed questions about the computational mechanisms that underlie how the child learns to identify multiword lexemes (i.e., recognizing that mean- ing is associated with a group of words, rather than single words plus combinatory rules), and how she determines what syntactic manipulations of them are valid. In contrast, there has been significant work in computational linguistics on this very topic, with development of statistical measures for iden- tifying multiword lexemes in a corpus, and for extracting their usage properties (e.g., Evert et al., 2004; Fazly et al., 2007). Our goal here is to explore whether this computational work on multiword lexemes can be extended in a natural way to the domain of child language acquisition, where an informa- tive cognitive model must take into account the two issues of what kind of data the child is exposed to, and what kinds of processing of that data is cognitively plausible for a child. In pursuing these questions, we focus in particular on the acquisition of multiword verbs, such as take the train and give a kiss. These constructions are a rich and productive source of predication which children must master in most languages, doing so at very young ages (Goldberg, 1995). For exam- ple, consider the following conversation from the CHILDES database (Brown, 1973, sarah130a.cha): *MOT: you're not gonna take any toys down to the beach today you know. *CHI: why? *MOT: we have to take the train. Here, the mother uses the verb take first in its core literal meaning, and then within a multiword lexeme in which take has a non-literal meaning and combines with the particular argument to express the use of a mode of transportation. The child's further responses within this conversation give no in- dication that she is puzzled by these very different usages of take. Yet they do pose a very significant puzzle for re- searchers: It has been noted that children learn highly fre- quent verbs (such as take) first (Goldberg, 1995), and yet it is precisely these verbs that are also the most polysemous, showing a wide range of metaphorical sense extensions in multiword lexemes, which children must recognize and deal with. Research over the last few years has shown that the dis- tinctions among literal and non-literal verb–argument combi- nations (such as take the toys versus take the train or take a turn) are in principle learnable based on statistics over usages of such expressions (Fazly & Stevenson, 2007; Venkatapathy & Joshi, 2005). However, such work depends on very large amounts of data (from corpora on the order of 100M words) and on sophisticated statistical and grammatical calculations over such data. The goal here is to determine what is learn- able through the means available to a child — that is, on the


Conventional shearing of sheep is labour-intensive, expensive and presents significant occupational health and safety risks. The only alternative at present is based on injection of epidermal growth factor, which severs the fibre at the follicle level. This technology cannot be used in pregnant animals and requires application of a net to retain the severed fleece. An alternative is to create a weakened zone within the wool staple, which would be sufficiently strong to retain the fleece on the sheep while a protective covering regrows, but sufficiently weak as to allow painless and automated removal of the fleece. We demonstrate that this approach is possible using mixtures of amino acids lacking lysine and methionine. Initially we demonstrate the relationships between staple strength, a subjective 'harvestability' score and a subjective 'pain' score, using fleeces from animals treated with varying levels of cortisol to create a wide range of strengths of wool attachment. We assigned a score to the ease with which we could manually break the staples, and also to the animal's response to breaking the staples still attached to the skin. The relationships between these variables indicated that a staple was considered harvestable and could be removed with minimal skin flinch response at a staple strength of ~10–13 N/kTex. Staples within this range were then produced by intravenous infusion of mixtures of amino acids lacking in lysine and methionine for a 5-day period. The weak point was uniformly created across the entire fleece and when a prototype roller-pin device was applied to the weakened wool, it uniformly broke the fleece of the three sheep tested. The mode of action of the amino acid treatment on wool growth was studied. There was no effect of unbalanced amino acids on the rate of follicle bulb cell division, the number of active wool follicles, or the length of the keratinisation zone in the wool follicle. Fibre diameter was reduced by ~4 microns by treatment, and intrinsic fibre strength (strength relative to cross-sectional area of the wool fibres), was reduced by ~50%. Results of these trials are encouraging but further work is required to develop a practical, on-farm method of altering systemic amino acid supply and to design an automated, high-throughput system of severing the weakened wool.


Information system of production and marketing is a system designed to ease and optimize the processing of production and marketing data in order to give useful information for employees as well as customers in a company. This system is created by using SQL Server data base and C# programming language. This application can only be accessed by employees at BBIB Singosari who have been registered in the system. The information given in this system is based on the users' needs. Thus, users in each department would get information data based on their own login. By using this system, users are able to get information needed more easily and effectively.


The image, i.e. perception of the social services' activities supporting population is one of the important aspects of functioning of such organizations. The aim of the image formation is creating, maintaining and strengthening positive public opinion concerning the system of social protection of population and the quality of social services. The purposeful formation of positive image becomes an essential task for social services and experts since it defines the degree of public confidence in the state. The article presents the analysis of the public social services' image through the lens of the trust factor. The authors identify the following indicators to determine the level of confidence: evaluation ofquality of services by population, demand for various types of social services, confidence of the interaction between citizens and state social services' experts. In order to identify the evaluation given by St. Petersburg residents to the quality of received services in the city social and in-demand services, the SPSU opened Resource Center "Center for Sociological and Internet Research" has conducted phone surveys in July, 2012 and repeatedly in summer of 2013. 1005 respondents participated in the 2012 phone survey, and 1002 — in 2013. The unified tool (a questionnaire jointly developed by the authors and the Resource Center's experts) was applied in the research. The collected data are analyzed in the article. Refs 15. Tables 3.


Breathy phonation has a high open quotient compared to modal phonation which results in greater influence of the subglottal cavity on the estimated short-time spectrum. This is reflected as an increase in spectral density at frequencies below the first resonance of the vocal tract around the glottal formant. On the contrary, pressed phonation has lesser influence of the subglottal cavity, and hence has a relatively lesser spectral density at low frequencies. In this paper, the use of low frequency spectral density (LFSD) as a feature for analysis and classification of breathy, modal and pressed phonation types is investigated.


In-flight absolute radiometric calibration is one of the critical techniques for quantitative remote sensing.High spatial resolution remote sensor based on large area of gray-scale tarps vicarious calibration method relies on traps BRDF,diffuse global ratio and atmospheric optical thickness measurement,the calibration approach could isolated the DN signal created by the traps from the response produced by background radiance sources,which simplify the calibration process and eliminating the assumption of aerosol scattering.Uncertainty analysis showed that the calibration uncertainty is 4.7% at present,and could improve to 3%—4% in the near future.We describe the rationale,methods,and results of a large area gray-scale tarps based vicarious calibration campaign that was conducted between July and August,2011.Through regression analysis of the observed values of the target and total irradiance of the two days,initially to determine the performance of band 3 might changed.


The authors employed ultrafast pulse trains generated by a pulse shaper to measure the time-resolved reflectivity of Bi. It is shown that coherent phonon vibration can be manipulated by the pulse train. Also, the materials' removal is independent of the separation time of the pulse train.


The zona glomerulosa is well developed in the adrenal glands of CBA/FaCam mice and poorly developed in those of Peru mice. Measurements were made of the width of the subcapsular zone in hematoxylin and eosin stained paraffin sections of the adrenals of young adult malemice from these 2 strains, their F1, and the backcrosses to the parental strains.The pattern of results found in these stocks implies that the major portion of the strain difference is controlled by genetic variation at a single locus. The results of progeny tests of individual backcross backcross mice are in agreement with this hypothesis. It is suggested that the dominant allele found in CBA mice be called Ezg and that found in Peru mice, ezg. Sodium deficiency results in glomerular hypertrophy in CBA mice but not inPeru mice, even though urinary sodium measurements implied that both kinds of mice could effectively conserve sodium. The relationship between the difference in the zona glomerulosa and known differences in the metabolism of el...


Magnetic properties of synthetic 29at%Ni-Fe alloy were investigated for the purpose of understanding magnetization process of some meteorites. It was found that a stable remanent magnetization is acquired by cooling the alloy at 77K under the influence of geomagnetic field. This new type of remanent magnetization seems to be due to martensitic transformation from fcc to bcc phase of the alloy during which the crystalline anisotropy becomes zero. Natural remanent magnetization of some meteorites may possibly be of this origin.


The paper concerns the topic of contracts entered into by a person suffering from mental incapacity. The matter is analysed considering the rules of invalidity given in three legal systems (Italy, France and United Kingdom) and their limits as well as the broader framework where incapacity has to be seen (CESL). It is argued that the special rules of invalidity and the traditional distinction between capacity and incapacity will lose their importance in the light of the attention paid by the new instruments to bargaining power abuse.


Chemical mimicry is an essential part of certain interspecific interactions, where the outcome for both species may depend on the degree to which the original signals are mimicked. In this review, we discuss a number of specific cases relating to pollination and obtaining nutrient resources that we believe exemplify recent advances in our understanding of chemical mimicry. Subsequently, we suggest avenues for future ecological and chemical research that should allow us to gain further insight into the evolution of chemical mimicry.


Antioxidant from natural ingredients is important to reduce an incident of degenerative diseases and to prevent free radicals. One of them is mangosteen fruit rind which is rich in antioxidants, especially α-mangostin as a major component. The developed formulation of oral solution contains mangosteen fruit rind extract that needs an assay method for quality testing. The α-mangostin compound can be used as chemical marker. To determine a very low concentration of analyte in sample with very complex matrix, such as in oral solution, it needs a selective and sensitive method, that can be obtained in high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In this study, α-mangostin assay was performed by RP-HPLC system using octadecylsilane (C18) stationary phase with various ratios of mobile phase and flow rate. The best result are given by system with methanol-water (90:10) as mobile phase, flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, and UV detector at 316 nm. In addition, the retention time of αmangostin was 9.622 minutes.


Two-phase,compressible flow in porous media is governed by a system of nonlinear equations,which includes pressure equation and concentration equation.The finite difference procedure is based on the methods of characteristic difference and bilinear interpolation.The convergence analysis based on the max-norm estimates is proved.


Numerical simulation of temperature and velocity field was taken on a freezer based on PHONEICS code. The physical and mathematical models were established by suitable geometric simplifying. The different inlet velocity and inner fence of freezer were compared and analyzed. The research shows that inlet velocity, production output, the energy consumption and their match are important factors which affect the freezing time. The addition of fence can improve the production output, and detract the energy consumption


EQTOOLS is a computer program that has been specifically designed with the objective of providing engineers, researchers, and students with facilitated access to powerful state-of-the-art computational tools in the field of engineering seismology and earthquake engineering within a performance-based design framework. EQTOOLS constitutes an easy and efficient way to process strong -motion data, featuring a user-friendly visual interface and the capability to derive a number of strong-motion parameters often required by structural engineers, s eismologists, and geotechnical earthquake engineers. In addition to this, EQTOOLS also provides the necessary means to investigate frequency content of accelerograms, carry out high pass, low-pass, band-pass, and band-stop filtering using three different digital filter types, generate and scale elastic response spectra, and perform time -domain linear or nonlinear site response analysis. While EQTOOLS may be used for professional practice or academic research, the fundamental purpose behind the development of the software was to make available a classroom/laboratory tool that provides a visual basis for learning the principles behind the selection of ground motion histories and their scaling/modification for input into time domain nonlinear (or linear) analy sis of structures. This paper describes the basic features of EQTOOLS, and provides suggestions for its application in a learning environment. The latest version of EQTOOLS may be obtained at no cost by sending an e -mail to the authors of this paper. Programming Philosophy EQTOOLS was developed using Microsoft's Visual Basic 6.0, Enterprise Edition. All the input in the EQTOOLS environment is carried out interactively through the use of the computer keyboard and the mouse. The application i s graphics-intensive and every effort has been made to make it as user -friendly as possible. For the current version, plots generated using the computational tools in the EQTOOLS environment are displayed on the screen in seve ral different "windows" and tabular output information can be saved in tab-delimited Microsoft Excel format. This feature allows the user to perform further processing of the data or to graph the output data for inclusion in reports and other documents. H ard copies of any of the screen plot windows may be obtained.


Description is done to the manufacturing status of China sewing machine industry.Conclusion is made that the main cause of the slack development of the accessorial parts of the sew machines is to lack of talents.The development of the industry lies in the mechanical-electrical integration,increase of added value of the parts and talent education.


The results of the investigation of tunnel magnetoresistive effect in a large number of metal-dielectric nanocomposites obtained by the same technology and under identical conditions are presented. The composites with multi-elemental amorphous metal phase were considered. It has been shown that the large values of the tunnel magnetoresistive effect in these composites are ensured when the value of the density of electronic states on the Fermi surface is large while other conditions are being equal. The conditions for the appearance of an anomalous positive tunneling magnetoresistance are formulated based on the study of composites with a mono-elemental ferromagnetic phase from cobalt.


A describes a method and system for utilizing outer decoder in a broadcast service communication system. Outer decoder and an inner decoder encode a block of information to be transmitted, to improve protection by adding redundancy. Redundancy allows for decoding of information from those less than complete encode blocks of information. As a result, to determine when a sufficient amount of information has been received for successful decoding received station, by utilizing the time remaining before the information of the next block arrives, other Akti Byi tee performs for example a hard handoff on a broadcast channel, inter-frequency hard handoff, and the other activator Byi tee. Alternatively, the receiving station can stop receiving, thereby reducing power consumption. Further, it may be used a part of the information block for transmission of signaling information.


Access to medical data is highly regulated due to its sensitive nature, which can constrain communities' ability to utilise these data for research or clinical purposes. Common de-identification techniques to enable the sharing of data may not provide adequate protection for an individual's personal data in every circumstance. We investigate the ability of Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) to generate realistic medical time series data to address these privacy and identification concerns. We generate synthetic, and more significantly, multichannel electrocardiogram (ECG) signals that are representative of waveforms observed in patients. Successful generation of high-quality synthetic time series data has the potential to act as an effective substitute for actual patient data. For the first time, we demonstrate a multivariate GAN architecture that can successfully generate dependent multichannel time series signals. We present the first application of multivariate dynamic time warping as a means of evaluating generated GAN samples. Quantitative evidence demonstrates our GAN can generate data that is structurally similar to the training set and diverse across generated samples, all whilst ensuring sufficient privacy guarantees for the underlying training data.


................................................................................................................................3 Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................. 4 Table of contents ..............................................................................................................................5 Index of Figures ...................................................................................................................... 11 Index of Tables............................................................................................................................... 17 Abbreviations.....................................................................................................................18 Chapter one: Introduction .................................................................................................... 21 1.1 History of haematopoietic cell transplantation................................................................22 1.2 T-cell reconstitution after haematopoietic cell transplantation....................................26 1.2.1 Thymic dependent T-cell expansion.............................................................................. 26 1.2.2 Thymic independent T-cell expansion........................................................................... 26 1.2.3 Effect of T-cell depletion on T-cell expansion ............................................................ 26 1.3 Mechanisms of T-cell expansion ............................................................................... 28 1.3.1 Lymphopenia-induced vs homeostatic proliferation............................................. 28 1.3.2 TCR signalling ...............................................................................................................29 1.4 T-cell differentiation ......................................................................................................33 1.4.1 Models of T-cell differentiation ................................................................................ 33 1.4.2 Phenotypic classification of T cells .......................................................................... 33 1.5 Cord blood transplantation ............................................................................................. 35 1.5.1 Differences in the graft composition cord vs adult source...........................................35 1.5.2 T-cell deplete cord blood transplantation .....................................................................36 1.5.3 T-cell replete cord blood transplantation...........................................................................36 1.6 Are cord blood and adult blood T cells distinct? ....................................................... 40 6 1.6.1 Snapshot of haematopoiesis in the foetus ..........................................................................40 1.6.2 T-cell development in the foetus .........................................................................................42 1.6.3 Phenotypic differences in cord blood and adult blood T cells ..................................... 45 1.6.4 Functional differences in cord blood and adult blood T cells ...................................... 45 1.6.5 T-cell homeostasis in cord blood and adult blood T cells .......................................... 47 1.6.6 Foetal versus adult adaptive immune system..................................................................... 49 1.7 Graft versus leukaemia effect .............................................................................................. 51 1.7.1 Mechanisms of the GvL effect.......................................................................................51 1.7.2 Targets for the GvL effect............................................................................................53 1.7.3 GvL in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.........................................................................56 1.7.4 GvL in acute myeloid leukaemia...................................................................................56 1.8 Humanised mouse models of GvL................................................................................ 57 1.9 Measurement of tumour in vivo ..................................................................................... 58 1.10 Project aims..................................................................................................................... 59 Chapter two: Materials and Methods................................................................................. 60 2.1 Materials ............................................................................................................................ 61 2.1.1 Reagents........................................................................................................................... 61 2.1.2 Buffers and solutions....................................................................................................... 62 2.1.3 Kits.................................................................................................................................... 63 2.1.4 Magnetic selection beads (Milteyni)............................................................................. 64 2.1.5 Flow cytometry antibodies............................................................................................. 65 2.1.6 Reagents for RNA isolation .................................................................................................66 2.1.7 Reagents for gene profiling............................................................................................ 67 2.1.8 Cell lines........................................................................................................................... 68 2.2 Methods.............................................................................................................................. 69


This paper aims at giving an overview of the Valibel database as it stands today. In addition, it opens up new perspectives with respect to more recent advances regarding (semi-automatic) annotation, as well as with regard to new corpora created to address societal issues (cf. the Corpage corpus). Particular attention is paid here to the automatic detection of disfluencies in the corpus data (using the DisMo program), with a developmental view on language and aging.


Through the development of information technology,more and more enterprises and companies selected MIS for internal man-agement. Based on Struts,Spring,Hibernate framework,the MIS user management module which use object-oriented development method can not only support the secondary software development,but also be a common module that can be applied to different types of systems. Users can manage the system dynamically due the roles they act,by this way the system's security and stability can be ensured.


During the last years, laparoscopic surgery has shown safety and efficacy in the treatment of different pediatric urologic problems. With the rapid development of new surgical options in the minimally invasive field, robotic surgery has emerged as a solid alternative, with good outcomes. The principal objective of this article is to review the current literature on the current status of robotic surgery in pediatric urology and future perspectives.


Pheochromocytoma is a rare tumor of chromaffin tissues most commonly arising from the adrenal medulla. We retrospectively reviewed the records of 38 patients with pheochromocytoma who underwent surgical treatment between 1977 and 2004 at our Yokohama City University Medical Center and Yokohama City University Hospital. Twenty two patients (57.9%) were females and 16 (42.1%) were males. The most frequent symptoms were headache (58%). One patient had bilateral adrenal tumors and pathological examination revealed malignant pheochromocytoma. Six patients had an extra-adrenal tumor and in 2 patients the tumor occurred in the urinary bladder. Twelve patients (31.6%) had sustained hypertension, 21 patients (55.3%) had paroxysmal hypertension and 5 patients (13.1%) remained normotensive. The 24-h urinary total metanephrines and vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) were the most sensitive biochemical tests for the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma. The sensitivity of urinary total metanephrines was 92.0% for all the patients and was 92.3% for the patients without paroxysmal hypertension. Fifteen patients had intraoperative hypertensive reactions in the surgical manipulation or hypotension after tumor resection. This group had more urinary excretion of VMA before surgery, compared with that with stable intraoperative blood pressure (p < 0.005).


A new adaptive nonlinear state predictor (ANSP) is presented for a class of
unknown nonlinear systems with input time-delay. A dynamical identification with neu-
ral network (NN) is constructed to obtain NN weights and their derivatives. The future
NN weights are deduced for the nonlinear state predictor design without iterative calcu-
lations. The time-delay and unknown nonlinearity are compensated by a feedback control
using the predicted states. Rigorous stability analysis for the identification, predictor and
feedback control are provided by means of Lyapunov criterion. Simulations and practical
experiments of a temperature control system are included to verify the effectiveness of
the proposed scheme.


This experiment was conducted to study the effects of energy restriction on Indexes Related lipid metabolism in embryonic yolk and tissues during the late laying period in broiler breeders. A single factor design was adopted and 270 AA broiler breeders(20 weeks of age) were randomly allocated into 3 groups with 6 replicates per group and 15 birds per replicate. The experiment was conducted when laying rate reached 5%. The birds in the control group were fed a based diet and those in trial groups were fed the diets with 80% and 70%energy levels of the basal diet,respectively. During the experimental period,feed intake in each group was restricted and set the same for each day. After artificial insemination at 60 weeks of age,150 hatching eggs in each group were collected and hatched. The samples of tissues and yolk were allocated on days 12(12E),14(14E),16(16E),18(18E),20(20E) and 21(21E) of embryonic development. The results showed as follows: 1)Dietary energy restriction significantly decreased yolk ether extract and energy contents on 16E,18E and 20E in 70% and 80% energy groups,as well as yolk cholesterol content at each embryonic day in70% energy group(P 0.05). 2) Dietary energy restriction significantly decreased the weight of embryo on20E in 70% energy group(P 0.05). 3)Dietary energy restriction significantly decreased cholesterol content in both breast muscle on 14E and liver on 16E,18E and 20E in trial groups(P 0.05). M eanwhile,notable decreases displayed in cholesterol content in breast and thigh muscle on 16E in 70% energy group while opposite results displayed in thigh muscle on 20E,and breast muscle and liver on 21E in 80% energy group(P 0.05). Additionally,ether extract content in breast muscle on 21E in 80% energy group was significantly increased(P 0.05). The results demonstrate that dietary energy restriction directly affects lipid metabolism in embryonic yolk and tissues during the late laying period. The maternal effect occurs and becomes manifest after the day 12 of embryonic development.


Comprehensive research and development work at the National Metallurgical Laboratory, Jamshedpur, India has resulted in the development of aluminium based sacrificial anodes for cathodic protection of ship hull, harbour installations, off-shore drilling and processing platform, underground pipelines and heat exchanger4 components. SUPERAL a medium output and HOPAL a high output aluminium alloy based anodes have been developed keeping in view of specific uses. For the cathodic protection of ship hull, harbour installation and underground pipelines, the former can be considered whereas HOPAL is a tailor made anode for the protection of off-shore drilling and processing platform where high efficiency and long life are desired. The anodes developed, especially by Hopal have been able to substitute the imported anodes used to protect oil platforms at Bombay High. The HOPAL anode has an electrode potential of -1.2V SCE in 3% NaCl solution and anode life of 3.0 kg per amp, year with an efficiency of 96% at ambient temperature. Various electrochemical properties of the anode material and performance at elevated temperatures have been discussed in detail in the paper. Design of HOPAL anode for a typical off-shore structure in Indian conditions has also been presented.


: With the digitalization of industry and society, product management of digital technologies such as software, data and AI is rapidly becoming critically important. Digitalization offers new tools for product managers to increase the return on investment of R&D including DevOps, DataOps and MLOps. These fast feedback loops allow product managers to adopt a much more experiment-and data-driven approach, e.g. using A/B testing and other experimental approaches. Product management is at the transition point from "what to build" to "what outcomes to accomplish". The keynote addresses this transformation, the challenges that one has to address while transitioning, the benefits as well as the new techniques available. The talk will share numerous examples from industry based on our research in the context of Software Center (www.software-center.se), a collaboration between 15 international companies and 5 Swedish universities focused on accelerating the digital transformation of the European software intensive industry.


The study focuses on the synthesis of chitosan/ Fe2O3 nanocomposite, its characterization and
application in methyl orange dye degradation.

The synthesized chitosan/ Fe2O3 nanocomposite was
characterized with Powder X-Ray Diffraction, Fourier Transformation Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR),
Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and UV-Vis Spectroscopy.

The characterization
showed that the Fe2O3nanoparticles were embedded in the polymer matrix of chitosan. The size of the
Fe2O3nanoparticles were less than 10nm and the crystallite size was 1.22 nm.The synthesized chitosan/
Fe2O3nanocomposite was tested for methyl orange degradation using different parameters such as effect of contact time,
effect of dose, effect of concentration and effect of pH for the degradation of methyl orange dye in aqueous solution.The
Fruendlich, Langmuir and Temkin isotherm studies were also conducted for adsoption of methyl orange on Chitosan/
Fe2O3nanocomposite.

The study indicated that the synthesized chitosan/Fe2O3 nanocomposite had
the potential of degrading methyl orange dye up to 75.04% under the set condition in this experiment which indicate that
Chitosan/ Fe2O3 nanocomposite is a viable option that can be used for the degradation of methyl orange dye.


Modern manufacturing supply chains are highly fragmented, multi-actor and international. Supply chain structural diversity ranges from simple vertically integrated systems to scaled decentralised networks (food). Irrespective of supply chain complexity, all need to exchange data, whether on the physical flow of goods, finances, environmental measures, standards and specifications. Data exchange underpins productivity across the whole of the economy; optimising just in time operational deliveries, product provenance, the monitoring of environmental, product and regulatory standards and financial transactions. Modern supply chains have to be sustainable, not only economically but environmentally. The evolution to environmental sustainability widens the scope and urgency for data sharing and needs to be informed by deeper stakeholder engagement (e.g. consumers) in supply chain function. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated the vulnerability of supply chains to disruption. Supply chains are now transitioning to shorter networks with a hybrid emphasis on both "just in case" and "just in time". This transformation requires highly flexible supply chains where data provision effects high speed decision support without additional cost (e.g. inventory, redundant capacity).


We developed an experimental program to monitor how interparticle forces control fine-grained soils' mechanical behavior when saturation changes from the tightly adsorbed regime to saturation. The testing program uses stiffness (i.e., S-wave velocity) and strength (i.e., Brazilian tensile strength) tests on kaolinite, silica flour, and diatomaceous earth soil samples at very low confining stresses (< 5 kPa). Three fine-grained soils yield a range of different properties, including particle size, specific surface area, negative charge density, and internal/external particle porosity. Results show that shear stiffness and tensile strength follow similar trends, emphasizing that the same interparticle forces control the mechanical responses. In particular, the interpretation of S-wave velocity measurements shows three different behavior ranges: a van der Waals attraction range, a capillary-dominated interparticle forces range, and the continuous decrease in the capillary forces from the saturation at the air-entry pressure until full saturation. We show that the interparticle forces respond to a complex function of water content, particle size, particle separations, surface charge density, and the presence of internal particle porosity.


The current business English teachers have problems such as lack of experience and lack of professional ability in the professional development path. Based on this, the development path of professional English teachers is studied, and the development status of business English teachers in a university is analyzed. The quality structure of professional teachers should be finally studied. The professional development path of business English teachers consisting of "learning, guidance, practice, scientific research and evaluation" was designed. Through more than two years of implementation, the development path has achieved remarkable results and has certain enlightenment for the professional development of business English teachers in other institutions.


The technology of preparation and processing of chips with burning-off refinement in rotary furnaces and hot compression of briquettes is offered.


Evaluation tools of dialysis patients' self - management have an extremely important role to evaluate the level of self management in dialysis patients.In aspect of self - management intension and tasks,the development condition of an evaluation scale for self - management behavior,the evaluation meaning,and points for attention in dialysis patients,this article reviewed self - management evaluation tools to select and use tools properly for health care workers.

Key words:
Dialysis;  Self-management;  Review;  Evaluation tools


Scaevola is a coastal shrub that grows in many tropical islands in both the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans including the islands of Puerto Rico. On the island of Culebra, Puerto Rico the native species of Scaevola, S. plumieri, is co-occurring with an invasive species, S. taccada, introduced from the indo-pacific islands. The introduction of this non-native invader is hypothesized to have been facilitated by its use as decoration for commercial business such as hotels on the island as well as being dispersed from commercial businesses on the Virgin Islands. In other studies focusing on the relationship between S. taccada and S. plumieri, the invasive S. taccada has shown to flourish do to many physiological advantages for dispersal and disrupt the natural growth of S. plumieri when both species are co-occurring (Finkle and Elliott 2011).


We present this work on physical and humiliating punishment because we consider important bond with this subject, because it is an established worldwide and quite ingrained practice in society. It has been culturally transmitted from generation to generation , to move from multiple strategies and interventions implemented by different individuals and organizations worldwide working for the defense and protection of human rights in childhood and seeking to eradicate corporal punishment and humiliating It is used in different areas such as foster or method of disciplining children. There are still those who practice legitimizing it as a method of upbringing, finding in the XXI century many child victims of punishment, who continuously suffer physical punishment and some form of violent discipline ( psychological aggression and / or physical punishment ) by their parents or caregivers.


The 1974–79 Labour governments were elected on the basis of an agreement with the TUC promising a redistribution of income and wealth known as the Social Contract. However, the government immediately began to marginalise these commitments in favour of preferences for incomes policy and public expenditure cuts, which has led the Social Contract to be described as the 'Social Contrick'. These changes were legitimised through a process of depoliticisation, and using an Open Marxist framework and evidence from the National Archives, the article will show that the Treasury's exchange rate strategy and the need to secure external finance placed issues of confidence at the centre of political debate, allowing the government to argue that there was no alternative to the introduction of incomes policy and the reduction of public expenditure.


Objective To investigate the molecular basis of alteration of L type calcium channel current ( I Ca L ) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF).Methods The gene and protein expression of atrial L type voltage dependent calcium channel α1c (LVDCC α1c) subunit were detected respectively by semi quantitative RT PCR, immunohistochemistry and immunoelectron microscopy in patients with paroxysmal AF and chronic AF with a history of 6 months or less and more than 6 months. Semi quantitative analysis of α1c protein expression was performed with pathological image analytic system. Results The mRNA and protein expression of LVDCC α1c decreased significantly in patients with chronic AF for more than 6 months and remained stable in patients with paroxysmal AF. The protein expression of LVDCC α1c reduced obviously and the mRNA expression of it kept unchangeable in patients with chronic AF for 6 months or less, compared with that in patients with sinus rhythm. Conclusion Chronic AF is predominantly accompanied by down regulation of protein expression of L type calcium channel, which may serve as molecular basis of decreased I Ca L in patients with AF.


Crack-fiber interaction in brittle matrix composite has been studied using a layer PMMA/glass composite. Fracture experiment was carried out using SEN specimen and crack tip stress intensity factor was directly measured by a laser caustics technique. The result showed that the critical value of the crack tip stress intensity was constant just before the arrival of a crack at the interface, however, the critical applied stress intensity increased with approaching the crack tip to the interface. Interfacial debonding occurred prior to the arrival of the crack at the interface and the crack growth rate was accelerated after the onset of the interface debonding.


E. D. LUBY et alii (Psychosom. Med., January-February, 1959) describe six patients who became ill at a time when either anxiety or depression was produced by disturbing life situations. In three of these the acute episode of porphyria followed immediately after the emotional stress, and in a most dramatic manner. The mean porphobilinogen level was determined in one family group over a period of 12 weeks, and there was a close correspondence with its fluctuation and the presence of emotional stress. At a time when one member was moribund in a respirator the porphobilinogen excretion of the family rose dramatically, and as he improved it gradually diminished. The personality configurations of these patients and their families, as assessed by the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, showed no common pattern. The authors found that pethidine, together with ACTH and chelating agents, had been of greatest value in treatment, but cautioned about the danger of addiction to pethidine.


Abstract Catalytic combustion is considered as one of the most efficient routes for removing volatile organic compounds. In recent years, the catalytic activities of catalysts have usually been evaluated by the values of TOF and T98. It is difficult, however, to measure the values accurately because the influencing factors are numerous and easy to be overlooked. In this work, the influence of the catalytic test procedure on TOF and T98 values was investigated. Supported Pd or Pt catalysts were prepared via the incipient wetness impregnation method. The catalytic activities of the same catalyst were very different when evaluated in different catalytic test procedures. Indeed, the catalytic test procedures affected the TOF and T98 values remarkably. It was found that the different coking behavior in different catalytic test procedures is the major cause. The influences on coke formation in toluene combustion – such as reaction temperature, reaction time, and catalyst type – were investigated.


Concerns have been raised regarding the impact of time‐restricted eating (TRE) on sex hormones in females. This study examined how TRE affects sex steroids in premenopausal and postmenopausal females.


We propose a novel reordering model for phrase-based statistical machine translation (SMT) that uses a maximum entropy (MaxEnt) model to predicate reorderings of neighbor blocks (phrase pairs). The model provides content-dependent, hierarchical phrasal reordering with generalization based on features automatically learned from a real-world bitext. We present an algorithm to extract all reordering events of neighbor blocks from bilingual data. In our experiments on Chinese-to-English translation, this MaxEnt-based reordering model obtains significant improvements in BLEU score on the NIST MT-05 and IWSLT-04 tasks.


DR. DUEL said that the point made by Dr. Page in regard to the possibility of injury to the bulb by myringotomy was very well taken, and recalled an instance which had occurred the year before in which the bulb was undoubtedly injured during a myringotomy performed by a pediatrist who does this operation very frequently. There was no subsequent infection of the bulb, however, although a packing was re quired for some days in order to control the hemorrhage. DR. JARECKY told of a case admitted to the Sydenham Hos pital three years ago on account of profuse hemorrhage from the ear. This patient had an otitis media, for which the fam ily physician had incised the tympanic membrane. The tem perature was not high when admitted, about 102° ; that soon subsided somewhat, but the bleeding continued. An injection of horse serum, 20 cc , was given, the temperature dropped to normal, the hemorrhage ceased, and the membrane became normal in a short time. Undoubtedly the jugular bulb had been incised. DR. SEYMOUR OPPENHEIMER said that the knowledge that a myringotomy is not such a simple thing ought to be more generally disseminated. It was quite certain that if we could get reports from all the" men who are doing myringotomies we would learn that many accidents are occurring, resulting in subsequent impairment of the hearing function. He has ^een three cases in which there was an ossicular dislocation


There have been significant developments in neutron capture therapy(NCT) in the past tenyears and more,especially owing to the development of the neutron beams and new NCTcompounds. The results of experimental trial and clinical studies are optimistic. In U.S.A andJapan,this method has been recommended by those institutes which were engaged in NCTstudies.Also,their short and long term projects have been made for NCT by these institutes.A-part from neutron beams and NCT compounds,the studies of biophysics in NCT are very impor-tant in the future. The recent developments in NCT will introduced by this paper.


The information about macronutrients and microelements of some kinds and lines of cotton, such as: Mehrgon, Hisor, L-15 and L -53 is presented in the article. In the course of biochemical research macronutrients and microelements of cotton seeds were completely characterized for the first time by means of atomic emission spectral analysis.


This article provides an overview of health information systems, including a description of the six components of a HIS as provided by the Health Metrics Network. Common issues and challenges, such as underinvestment and neglect, are also discussed, along with recommendations for advocating, prioritising and strengthening HIS.


The authors discuss three-dimensional text, the architecture developed to organize a large amount of information in a hypertext system so that it is easily accessible by a diverse group. Information is divided into topics, sections, and level of detail; this organization can be represented as a three-dimensional knowledge space. This methodology has been applied to the Entropy Multimedia Database on cardiac arrhythmias. Three-dimensional text can be applied to many large information systems, resulting in improved organization and ease of navigation.<<ETX>>


Cesium quinoline-8-oxide (Csq), as an organic salt, was synthesized and applied as an electron injection material for organic light-emitting diodes. A typical bilayer structure of N,N′-bis-(1-naphthyl)-N,N′-diphenyl-1,1′-biphenyl-4,4′-diamine/tris-(8-hydroxy-quinolinolato) aluminum (III) (Alq3) was used to evaluate the electron injection of Csq. The results showed Csq/Al had better electron injection than LiF/Al cathode, and a maximum current efficiency of 4.13 cd/A (3.33 cd/A for LiF/Al) was obtained when the Csq layer is 2.0 nm. It is proposed that the enhanced electron injection by Csq is related to the interfacial chemical reaction between Csq and Al and the self-doping of Csq by librated Cs.


An undergraduate optics laboratory sponsored by the National Science Foundation of the United States was established to foster a link between local industry and academia. A series of innovative experiments was developed utilizing high-speed data acquisition equipment and signal processing software to demonstrate the fundamentals of diffraction, fiber optics, and physical optics principles. The experiments were performed in two complementary settings. The university experiments concentrated on basic optical principles and experimental techniques. A parallel industrial component was provided by local industry. Students were invited to industrial research laboratories to work on real-life optical problems of current interest. The students were able to see the relevance between fundamental optical principles and real industrial problems, use state-of-the-art equipment, and experience working in an industrial laboratory. Feedback was also solicited from industry management regarding improvements to academic training of students for the work force.


The 100 Kg/hr low-level radioactive waste (LLW) incinerator and the 1,500 ton supercompactor are two main vehicles in the Taiwan Power Company`s Volume Reduction Center. Since the hot test of the incinerator in mid 1990, various problems associated with the original design and operating procedures were encountered. During the early stages of putting an incinerator in service, the modification and fine-tuning of the system would help future reliable operations. The probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) method was introduced to evaluate the interaction between potential system failure and its environmental impact and further help diagnose the system defects initially. The draft Level 1 system analysis was completed and the event and fault trees were constructed. Qualitatively, this approach is useful for preventing the system failure from occurring. However, Levels 2 and 3 analysis can only be done when sufficient data become available in the future.


This article establishes an index system that comprehensively reflects capital structure characteristics of listed companies in electric power system in China.These indexes are synthesized into a few principal factors using factor analysis.These principal factors as independent variables,and Tobin Q representing company performance as dependent variables,are used in a regression analysis.With the established model,key factors affecting company performance in terms of capital structure and the relation between these factors and the company performance are studied.The model can supply a decision basis for the listed companies in electric power system to optimize their capital structure to improve performance.


This research is entitled the empowerment of street vendors (PKL) as a potential for culinary tourism in Kupang City. The objectives of this study are 1) To determine the existence of street vendors (PKL) as a tourism potential in Kupang City. 2) To know the concept of empowering the existence of street vendors (PKL) as a tourism potential in Kupang City. This research uses descriptive qualitative research method which is a case study on the research object, namely the 3 selected clusters, the government concerned, and consumers (visitors). The existence of street vendors itself still brings problems in the Kupang City cluster, so it is necessary to have a reengineering process, namely partnerships and business reengineering as an appropriate empowerment effort so that the existence of street vendors can become a potential culinary tourism for both local and foreign tourists. Keywords—empowerment, street vendors, tourism, culinary


Background: Iraqi people were exposed to mass disasters for long periods of time. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may be of particular interest following a mass disaster. Evidence of poor school outcomes among adolescents affected by violence has been reported.Objectives: To study the effect of PTSD on school achievement among secondary school children in Baghdad, Iraq.Materials and methods: A total of 240 secondary school students from 4 secondary schools (2 for boys and 2 for girls) from Baghdad city were included. Multistage random sampling was carried out. Each student was interviewed and a questionnaire (consisted of demographic information, Harvard Trauma Questionnaire, and academic failure) was filled. Academic failure was indicated by poor school achievement.Results: Students with PTSD were 37.1%. No significant association was found between age, sex and PTSD.Of those with PTSD, 86.5% had bad school achievement.Conclusion: high rate of PTSD was reported among secondary school students, and PTSD had a negative impact on their school achievement


High, low, and zero quantities of methionine, histidine, or lysine were infused intravenously into lactating cows fed a corn–corn silage–urea ration to assess whether any of these amino acids were limiting for milk production. Feed intake was significantly higher (P   0.05) by any treatments, but protein yield was significantly greater (P < 0.05) with the low than with the high or zero levels of infusion of methionine, and the infusion of either level of histidine significantly decreased (P < 0.05) milk protein yield compared with zero level of infusion. The changes in levels of plasma amino acids that occurred during these studies have been interpreted as implying that methionine was the first limiting and either valine, leucine, or isoleucine was the second limiting amino acid for milk production.


The I2C (Inter-Integrated Circuit) protocol is used to attach two devices for communicating with each other in a fast way excluding data losses. With the fast development of Integrated Circuits (ICs) technology, the complication of the circuits has also raised. Therefore, the complexity of the circuit requires self-testability in hardware to palliate the product failure. Built-in-self-test (BIST) is such a technique which can meet the necessity of self-testability with an effective solution over pricy circuit testing system. This paper represents designing and implementation of Inter-Integrated Circuit (I2C) protocol with self-testing ability. The need of programming for setting up a network with two devices is no longer needed in this proposed system. In order to attain compact, stable and reliable data transmission, the I2C is designed with Verilog HDL language and synthesized on Spartan 2 FPGA. An EEPROM and FPGA Spartan 2 are used for the communication testing where the FPGA is master and EEPROM is a Slave.


The enlargement of NATO s membership has been one of the most prominent items on its agenda in the post cold war period. enlargement is not, however simply a product of this time, for as article 10 of the north Atlantic treaty states:the parties may, by unanimous agreement, invite any other European state in a position to further the principles of this treaty and to contribute to the security of the north Atlantic area to accedes to this treaty. Any state whether invite may become a party to the treaty by depositing its instrument of accession with the government of the United States of America. This provision ensured from the outset that there was a possibility for countries which shared NATO s values and objective to join it. Although opinions are divided about whether enlargement will ultimately have a positive or negative impact, there is no doubt that it will have far reaching consequences


A novel algorithm to synthesize large-scale virtual terrains from a set of images is presented based on digital image processing technologies and radially weighted blending method.The algorithm first creates standardized terrain-blocks from the images,and smoothes the blocks by employing fast Fourier transform and Butterworth's low-pass filter.A radial weight defined on each block,which is utilized to synthesize four local neighboring blocks to a single blended area,is subsequently constructed for each block.As a result,a complete and smooth large-scale terrain can be obtained by blending operators with the radial weights.The algorithm also provides users a method to control the terrains effectively by adjusting several control parameters.Experimental results show that the algorithm can generate terrains with various scales and styles automatically,fast and effectively.


Image processing involves processing a vast amount of data, and hence requires a large amount of computing power. Multiprocessor systems have been suggested as sources of large amount of computing power. For eecient execution of an algorithm in a multiprocessor system , the structure of the algorithm should mirror the architecture of the multiprocessor system. A linear array multiprocessor architecture for low level image processing is described in this paper. The application under consideration relates to a road traac situation where vehicles must be counted and velocities determined in order to permit online urban traac control strategies and freeway incident detection. A parallel algorithm to perform the above task and its multiprocessor implementation are described in this paper.


Biological nitrogen fixation is an important alternative to provide nitrogen (N) to legumes. This study aimed to evaluate the quality of Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Vell.) Morong seedlings depending on the inoculation and natural nodulation in soils from southwest of Piaui, Brazil. The experimental design was completely randomized with five replications and treatments arranged in a (5 x 4) factorial design, consisting of five soil classes and four N treatments (a-inoculation with strain BR 4406, b- with application of mineral N, c- with mineral N and inoculation with BR 4406, d- without mineral N or inoculation). Seventy five days after sowing number and fresh weight of nodules, N2 fixation efficiency, nitrogen concentration in shoot and morphological parameters of seedlings were evaluated. The seedlings of E. contortisiliquum presented natural nodulation only when grown on Organosol and Fluvic Neossol. The inoculant strain BR 4406 showed a very low adaptation to the soils from Southwest of Piaui. Seedlings grown in Quartzarenic Neosol, Organosol and Fluvic Neossol have better quality compared to those grown in Oxisol and Litolic Neosol.


We study and compare the critical properties of the two-dimensional (2D) XY model in a transverse magnetic field with magnetic filling factors f=1/3 and f=2/5. In addition to the spin waves, the low energy excitations of the system consist of various domain walls between degenerate ground states. The lowest energy domain wall has a similar structure for both f=1/3 and f=2/5 and its properties dictate the nature of the phase transition. For f=2/5 these lowest energy walls have a negative energy for binding to each other, giving rise to a branching domain-wall structure and leading to a first order phase transition. For f=1/3 this binding energy is positive, resulting in a linear critical interface. In order to make a comparison to recent experiments, we investigate the effect of small quenched bond disorder for f=2/5. A finite-size scaling analysis of extensive Monte Carlo simulations strongly suggests that the critical exponents of the phase transition for f=1/3, and for f=2/5 with disorder, fall into the universality class of the two-dimensional Ising model.


In the autumn of 1943, the United States armed forces, with the cooperation of the British government, evacuated seven villages and took over 30 acres of Devon to set up a high security camp where thousands of young American recruits could be trained for the forthcoming invasion of Europe. Known as Exercise Tiger, the operation included manoeuvres and rehearsals on landing craft in the English Channel. On the night of April 28th 1944, the landing craft had inadequate escort of warships and seven German E-boats in the area moved in. At first, the Americans thought they were part of the exercise, but then they saw that their friends were being wounded and killed on several of the vessels, the order was given to abandon ship. Many of the soldiers who jumped, drowned soon after hitting the water. Through research and interviews with survivors, Lewis uncovers incompetence, cover-ups, hasty midnight burials and possible official misrepresentation in the events surrounding the debacle of Exercise Tiger, when hundreds of men died in a dress rehearsal for D-Day in April 1944.


Abstract Two generations of Japanese quail were weighed in order to estimate genetic parameters of body weight throughout the growth phase of the life cycle. Sexual dimorphism became evident at the age of sexual maturity. This was due to an acceleration of weight gains by females just prior to laying their first egg. Body weight at 1 day of age reflected a large maternal influence which rapidly declined with age. Unrealistic estimates of the heritability of female body weight were obtained at the time of sexual maturity. At other ages heritability estimates of body weight were generally moderate to high. All phenotypic correlations between weights at various ages were positive, with the magnitude generally decreasing as the interval between weighings increased. Genotypic correlations were larger and followed the same general trends as phenotypic correlations with certain exception, namely when one of the ages was day 1 and when the ages involved maturity of females.


On the basis of the acceleration measurement of high impact, a high-g acceleration sensors of the piezoresistive beam — island structure at four-terminal all fixed supported was designed. The experimental results show that the structure existed the impact failure. To solve this problem, the structure processed the optimization design from improving inherent frequency of device and enhancing resistance overload ability of device. The structure parameters of the ultra-high overload acceleration sensor were made the corresponding adjustment. Through the comparison, it can be seen that the optimized structure can be more effectively prevent structure resonance. In full range load, the maximum stress of the structure can protect better the structure. Resistance overload ability also improved, the sensor can can guarantee normal work under 200, 000 g overload.