In a recent paper, Matthew Frise argues that reliabilist theories of justification have a temporality problem (2018). He describes this as the problem of "providing a principled, explanatory account of the temporal parameters which settle a process's reliability at a time, and thus its justificatory power at a time" (926). For example, if perceptual reliability determines whether a given perceptual belief B formed at t1 is justified, one might wonder which perceptual beliefforming episodes fix the relevant truth ratio that determines B's justification. Is it every case of perception from within 20 minutes of t1? Every case of perception in the past? Every case of perception throughout all time? It's unclear, initially, what to say here. Frise considers a representative sample of principled temporal parameters that a reliabilist might invoke, and argues that there are serious problems with all of them. Frise constructs three distinct arguments to highlight the problems with these parameters: the unnatural deduction problem, the difference-maker problem, and the instability problem. He concludes that "the prospects for a solution [to the temporality problem] are bleak" (939). Moreover, Frise claims that the temporality problem is distinct from other problems with reliabilism, and that it constitutes a "new reason to avoid externalist theories that involve reliability in necessary or sufficient conditions for justification" (924, emphasis mine). In what follows, I will examine Frise's three arguments in turn. Ultimately, I argue that the temporality problem fails as a "new reason" to reject reliabilist theories of justification. As I'll show, interpreting Frise's arguments is a matter of some difficulty. I'll argue that, for each of these three arguments, there are two importantly different interpretations. On one interpretation, the arguments against reliabilism invoke intuitively plausible premises. However, for these interpretations, I show that there is a reasonable temporal parameter that the reliabilist can adopt that allows her to successfully avoid the problem at the center of the argument. On the other interpretation of each argument, it's less clear which temporal parameter might salvage reliabilism. However, this latter interpretation either invokes premises that are highly controversial and unmotivated, or invokes premises that simply reraise substantive—and much older—disputes about reliabilism. In sum, Frise's temporality


Objective To study the clinical value of level Ⅵ lymph nodes dissection for clinically node-negative(cN0) papillary thyroid microcarcinoma.Methods The clinical data of 28 cases of newly diagnosed cN0 papillary thyroid microcarcinoma that treated by radical resection with level Ⅵ lymph nodes dissection from January 2008 to May 2011 in our hospital were analyzed retrospectively.Results Eight cases(28.6%) were with positive level Ⅵ lymph nodes;2 cases(7.1%) with complications including 1 case of temporary recurrent laryngeal nerve paresis and 1 case of parathyroid temporary injury,and both cases recovered after the treatment.Conclusion The cN0 papillary thyroid microcarcinoma has a highly level Ⅵ lymph node metastasis.The conventional level Ⅵ lymph nodes dissection is necessary for the patients with cN0 papillary thyroid microcarcinoma.It can also decrease the rate of complications.


Studying of the interpretation of the West European art by the pensioners of the Academy of Arts is an analysis of the interpretation's components: the choice of art directions, styles and schools; the preference of their personal attitude; the assessment of a specific piece of art; the terminology as an indicator of their either professional or amateur position. The choice of art directions depended on the system of art views existing in the Academy of Arts in the second half of the 18th century. The Academy focused the attention of its students on the art of Antiquity, Renaissance and Classicism. Nevertheless, the pensioners spoke well on the works of Baroque. They used to prefer the art of old masters to the modern art. The specialization of a pensioner illustrated their assessment of the masterpieces. The professional terminology helped to make the description and assessment. The advent of treatises on the art in Russia made possible using the terminology.


Elastic and inelastic cross section data for exciting the /sup 22/Ne 2/sub 1//sup +/ (1.27 MeV) state by 132 MeV /sup 22/Ne scattering from a /sup 208/Pb target are presented. The data are analyzed by a rotational model coupled-channels calculation including the 0/sup +/ ground state and the 2/sub 1//sup +/, and 4/sub 1//sup +/ states of /sup 22/Ne. We extract ..beta../sub 2/ and ..beta../sub 4/ deformation parameters, as well as M(E2;0/sup +/-2/sub 1//sup +/), M(E2;2/sub 1//sup +/-2/sub 1//sup +/), M(E4;0/sup +/-4/sub 1//sup +/), and M(E2;2/sub 1//sup +/- 4/sub 1//sup +/) matrix elements for /sup 22/Ne and compare these quantities to those obtained for /sup 20/Ne. The extracted 2/sub 1//sup +/ reorientation matrix element is considerably larger than shell-model predictions. Addition of a negative spin-orbit potential improves the fit to the 2/sub 1//sup +/ differential cross section.


Together, we the authors, wonder, write, imagine, suffer, and criticize the support of the Belo Monte Monster Dam in the Rio Xingu, in the heart of the Amazon, by two of our personal heroes and fellow Brazilians: Lula, former president and iconic founder of the Workers' Party, and, Dilma Rousseff, our presidenta guerilheira. Using our autoethnographic reflections, memories, street poetry, and decolonizing wanderings, we try to make sense of this persistent disconnect between the "discovery" of Brazil by the Portuguese in 1500 and the brutal social injustices of our everyday life. And we bring constructions of childhood and history right into the center of this critique. Throughout, we invite the reader to imagine new ways of seeing and teaching children, and thus ourselves as educators and parents, to interrupt the avoidance approach to questions of inequalities in favor of decolonizing versions of history.


The impact of landslide is enormous in towns adjacent to the rift escarpments and highlands of Ethiopia, especially in rainy seasons. To study the seasonal variation and trend of slope instability in these areas with support of the current radar technology, 40 spotlight mode of TerraSAR-X/TanDEM-X (TSX/TDX) radar imageries were acquired from German Aerospace Agency (DLR). The conventional 2-pass DInSAR method has been applied to process the SAR data, and the DInSAR time series analysis result obtained by stacking 11 and 22 days interferograms from both ascending and descending orbits showed that there are 2-3 cm mass movements or deformation in the rainy season and 1-2 cm in the dry months. The results obtained from the DInSAR analysis were compared with a landslide inventory map containing more than 20 active landslides of the area of interest, and generally a good consistency was observed.


Globally the past two decades has seen a rising trend in the frequency and severity of psychiatric symptoms like anxiety and adjustment in college students [1-3]. Adjustment refers to individual's achieving an overall harmonious balance between the demands of various aspects of environment, such as home, health, social, emotional and school on the one hand and cognition on the other. Studies have reported that anxiety is one of the most common psychological disorders in school children and adolescents all over the world [4]. Studies have shown that anxiety affects cognitive ability, learning and performance in schoolAbstract


In this paper a Calculus course for students of Engineering in the virtual environment is discussed. This course used WebCT course management software only, without traditional lessons. A feedback survey obtained by questionnaires and data concerning the progress of students are presented and analysed. Conclusions point out the need for further research into the use of the virtual universe within the teaching/learning process and the necessity of re-examining the work normally done in the classroom.


Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is characterized by a bad prognosis and modest activity of systemic treatment. Currently, there is no clear agreement on the clinical role of second-line chemotherapy in patients with MPM; nevertheless, early case study reports including some pretreated patients had provided evidence that additional responses are possible with the use of further chemotherapy1 after the failure of firstline treatment. Unfortunately, the evidence supporting the efficacy of second-line treatment in this setting is globally weak. A randomized phase 3 trial, enrolling 243 patients, compared pemetrexed plus best supportive care vs best supportive care alone in patients previously treated with a first-line regimen not including pemetrexed. When this study was published, however, the use of pemetrexed in combination with cisplatin had been already accepted as standard first-line treatment. The study showed a statistically significant increase in objective response rate, disease control rate, and time to progression for pemetrexed, but without significant benefit in overall survival.2 Whether the benefit in other end points, in the absence of difference in survival, could be considered sufficient to recommend second-line pemetrexed for clinical practice is debatable. In any case, the trial recruited patients who were pemetrexed naive, which greatly reduces the current applicability of these results, with pemetrexed being part of first-line treatment in the majority of patients now. Can we consider the external validity of these results useful for clinical practice? Probably not. Even when we consider the shift from pemetrexed to other chemotherapy drugs, like vinorelbine, their use as second-line treatment is based on small, nonrandomized series. Following previous experience in the firstline setting,3 weekly vinorelbine was tested within a single-center phase 2 open-label study in 63 patients with previous exposure to chemotherapy. Like all the single-arm trials, the results obtained in this series of patients are at strong risk of being conditioned by selection bias: median interval between the end of the firstline chemotherapy and the start of the weekly secondline vinorelbine was 6 months, most patients had a good performance status, all were classified as low risk according to the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer prognostic score, and median age of this highly selected population was 59 years. A total of 10 partial responses (16%) were observed, and a further 43 patients (68%) had stable disease defined as no evidence of progression for 6 months. Median overall survival was 9.6 months. However, can we trust in the reproducibility of these results in unselected patients, with a shorter treatment-free interval, older age, and worse performance status? Probably not. Similarly, rechallenge with platinum-pemetrexed chemotherapy is sometimes considered in patients who have obtained a long progression-free interval, but the evidence supporting this strategy is again weak. This strategy is probably more supported by the analogy with the rechallenge in other solid tumors where platinumbased therapy is used, rather than by data specifically produced in patients with MPM. In this specific setting, the rechallenge has been explored by Ceresoli et al,4 describing the outcome of patients who had obtained prolonged progression-free survival (PFS) (greater than 3 months) with the previous first-line treatment. Thirtyone patients were included in the study, but there was heterogeneity in the treatment adopted: 15 patients had a rechallenge with single-agent pemetrexed alone, while 16 had a real rechallenge with both drugs. One patient experienced a complete response, whereas a partial response was achieved in 5 patients, producing a modest overall objective response rate of 19%, and an overall disease control rate of 48%. Is this evidence sufficient to consider rechallenge with pemetrexed-based chemotherapy as a second-line treatment option in patients with MPM? Probably not. Considering this absence of robust evidence supporting the use of second-line treatment in clinical practice, what is the position of existing guidelines? National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) Clinical Practice Guidelines seem to support the use of secondline treatment. In fact, although specifying that limited data are available to guide the choice, NCCN guidelines state that "second-line chemotherapy options include pemetrexed (if not administered as first-line therapy), vinorelbine, or gemcitabine, and data suggest that rechallenging with pemetrexed is effective if patients had a good response to first-line pemetrexed."5 Moving from the United States to Europe, current guidelines of the European Society of Medical Oncology, published in 2015, state that, given the absence of standard secondline or further-line therapy, it is recommended that patients who are in good clinical condition at disease progression after first-line treatment should be enrolled into clinical trials.6 There is no explicit recommendation for patients outside the opportunity of clinical trials, although the statement that "single agent vinorelbine has shown useful activity in phase II trials" implies that, although not standard, second-line treatment can be considered in clinical practice. Italian experts participating in the Third Italian Consensus Conference for MPM stated that, in patients progressing after a first-line pemetrexedbased regimen, there is no standard second-line therapy, and patients should be encouraged to participate in cliniVIEWPOINT


This paper elaborates that the public transportation enterprises in Chinese Mainland are gradually introducing market mechanism,such as invitation public bidding and vendue.Because these enterprises are mainly managed by the state,they are currently under the circumstance of cost-rising and passenger-descending.Then the paper discusses the different modes of public transportation system reform in some typical European countries,with all their advantages and defects.Also it introduces the lessons that these countries have undergone.Finally the paper brings forward the targets and measures of Chinese Mainland's economic system reform in public transportation on the basis of analyzing and using the reference of Hong Kong's economic system mode in public transportation.


loss through lack of an accurate appraisal, the severance tax may intervene as a satisfactory compromise to all concerned. While in most states it is impossible under present constitutions to provide that the severance tax shall be in lieu of the general property tax, yet the practical effect of the addition of the severance tax will bring about the desired result otherwise lost because of the incomplete valuation under general schedules. To illustrate: In the state of Louisiana, where rich pools of oil have been recently discovered, it would be impossible accurately to appraise the oil leases, whether developed or not. Even if such an appraisal were attainable, it is doubtful whether taxing officials would have the courage to put in the assessment rolls the true values so ascertained. Yet the expedient of the severance tax enables the state


A new and efficient preparation of pharmacologically and biologically important 2,5-disubstituted 6-azaindoles was achieved from cyclizations of aziridin-2-yl dipropargylic alcohols as adducts of two propargyl groups to ethyl 1-benzylaziridine-2-carboxylate. The sequential cyclizations include pyrrole formation and a novel base-catalyzed intramolecular acetylenic Schmidt reaction.


Objective:To explore the application and effect of traditional Chinese medicine iontophoresis in elderly patients with insomnia after stroke.Methods:A total of 83 cases of elderly patients were diagnosed with insomnia after stroke in our hospital from May 2015 to May 2016,and they were collected as research objects by convenience sampling method.Based on admission numbers they were randomly divided into observation group and control group.The patients in control group were given conventional intervention,while the patients in observation group were given traditional Chinese medicine iontophoresis on the basis of the conventional intervention.After 4weeks of intervention,the subjective and objective sleep status and efficacy of the elderly patients were assessed.Results:After the intervention,the score of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI)in observation group was(8.90±4.75),it decreased 4.98 and was lower than that of in control group(12.56±5.31)(t=3.311,P=0.001).Compared with that in control group,the sleep latency of patients in observation group was shortened,the total sleep time was increased,and the sleep effect was significantly better than that of patients in control group(Z =634.500,P=0.030).Conclusions:Chinese medicine iontophoresis could shorten sleep latency,improve sleep efficiency and sleep quality of elderly patients with insomnia after stroke.


This guide will provide resources from the Library for Dr. Juarez's HIST 1301 - History of the U.S. to 1865 (Thinking Historically & Creating Digitally).


Why were the guidelines written? This patient guide is based on clinical guidelines that were written to help physicians who are evaluating and treating patients with growth hormone deficiency (GHD). It summarizes information about the best way to diagnose GHD in adults, how physicians will begin care and follow-up with patients who have a diagnosis of GHD, and the potential benefits of growth hormone (GH) treatment. This guide also provides information for patients with GHD to help them improve the outcome of their treatment. The guidelines do not apply to people who want to take GH to prevent aging or to improve their strength or athletic performance. Claims about using GH to slow down the aging process or help build muscle in athletes have not been shown to be true and such use may cause harm.


BACKGROUND
The aim of the study was to investigate health problems in patients with degenerative disease of the spine (the main reason for deterioration of physical fitness) and to determine the need for health education.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
The study involved 50 people. A diagnostic survey with an ad hoc questionnaire was used. Quality of life was assessed with the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire. The HAQ-DI indicator of disability was used to assess the respondents' health status.

RESULTS
Biological problems in the respondents included pain (60%). Psychological problems included a sense of inferiority (54%) and feeling lonely (24%). The most frequent difficulties in fulfilling social roles were problems associated with low social and occupational activity (56%). The patients assessed their health as significantly worse (p = 0.006) than the quality of their lives. The quality of life was the highest (67.9 points) in the social sphere, and the lowest (60.9 points) in the psychological sphere.

CONCLUSIONS
1. The main health problems reported by the study participants were cervical and lumbar spinal pain experienced during prolonged physical activity in the course of daily living activities. 2. The quality of life decreases with increasing difficulty in performing daily activities. 3. It is important to strengthen patients' belief that physical activity, including physiotherapy, has a positive impact on physical fitness and the ability to perform daily activities. 4. An important aim of the therapeutic team is to support and motivate patients to cope with difficult situations and function in society.


Particulate pollution has become a serious health and environmental issue in Sri Lanka. Road side trees planted primarily for aesthetic purposes, provide coolness and shade, improve micro climate and reduce dust particles in air. However, there is little information on tree species for intercepting dust particles. Thus, the objective of this study was to identify potential tree species that could be used to reduce dust particles in urban areas. Six commonly used roadside tree species, Terminalia arjuna, Azadirachta indica, Tamarindus indica, Khaya senegalensis, Thevetia peruviana and Senna surattensis were selected for the study. Both quantitative and qualitative morphological characters which contribute effectively to mitigate dust particles were studied in all species. Based on the characters which contribute to a coarse texture and dense canopy, T. arjuna and S. surattensis can be recommended over other species for road side planting to reduce air pollution caused by dust particles and also to obtain aesthetic benefits in landscaping.


An experiment was performed to investigate the fluctuations in wave front shape of signals transmitted over a distance of about 75 nmi from a ship‐suspended sound source to a bottomed set of receivers. An experimental set of eight receivers, spanning a distance of about 2300 ft in both the downslope and cross‐slope directions, was laid on a 26° slope southwest of Bermuda at about 5000‐ft depth. Pulses of 200‐ and 400‐Hz signals were transmitted alternately from the projector, by the second‐order RSR mode; these were recorded on an oscillograph, and delays in arrival time at each receiver were measured. Plane wave fronts were fitted to the delay data, and the azimuth and elevation angles for the wave fronts were calculated. The effect of ship motion and stationary effects were removed from the raw delays. Plane wave front fits to the adjusted data were made, and deviations from these wave fronts were found for each receiver. The wave fronts are characterized by two actions: (1) gross wave front rocking and tilting, and (2) crinkling of the wave front (short‐scale effects, a dimension smaller than the maximum receiver spacing).


Artificial Insemination (AI) is a process which including semen collection, diluted, stored and transferring semen to oestrus female animal. Semen is normally available either as fresh, chilled or frozen. There are two main techniques in AI which are technique of passing through the cervix (normal) and the technique of inserting the back of the cervix with the trumpet (Deep insemination) The AI has brought a numerous advantage to the swine industry. Firstly, AI can enhance the rate of genetic improvement, accelerate traits performance. Secondly, using AI in swine industry decrease the number of boars needed by a farmer is an economic benefit. Thirdly, AI helps minimise the risk of disease transmission. Another advantage of AI is that it allows the mating of swine in different sizes and ages.


A 44-year-old man was admitted to the Maxillofacial Unit of Aberdeen Royal Infirmary following an assault in which he sustained bilateral fractures of the zygomatic complexes, the orbital floors, the maxillary buttresses, the naso-ethmoid complex, and left body of mandible. He also sustained a significant head injury. Following stabilisation of his neurological condition definitive repair of his facial injuries was performed via a bicoronal flap. The zygomatic fractures were reduced and plated at the frontozygomatic suture with miniplates. The zygomatic arches were reduced and fixed with microplates. The maxillary buttress was exposed using a Le Fort I incision and stabilised using miniplates. The nasoethmoid complex and infra-orbital rims were reduced and fixed with microplates (Fig. 1). The orbital contents were restored and the defects in the walls repaired. Four months postoperatively, the patient presented complaining of painful swelling over the root of the nose. An infection at the site of one or more of the microplates was suspected and their removal recommended. This was declined and the swelling was managed conservatively with antibiotics. Eight months postoperatively the patient contacted the unit stating that one of the plates had worked its way to the surface and had come out spontaneously (Figs 2 and 3). There have been no further episodes of discomfort. fractures of the midface and cranium (Kellman and Schilli, 1987). The complications of plate osteosynthesis of mandibular and midfacial fractures


An experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of weed management practices using pre-emergence(pendimethalin and trifluralin) and post-emergence herbicides (quizalofop-ethyl and fenoxaprop-ethyl) along with weed free and unweeded check in castor (cv. GCH-6) under irrigated conditions at Main Oilseeds Research Station, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh for three consecutive years during kharif 2010 to 2012. The experiment was conducted in randomised block design with three replications on medium clay soils with pH 7.9. The experimental field was infested with grasses and broad leaved weeds viz., Echinochloa colonum, Eluropus villosus, Dactyloctenium aegyptium, Brachiaria sp., Cyperus rotundus, Commelina benghalensis, Digera arvensis,Indigofera glandulosa and Amaranthus viridis. The highest castor seed yield during the study period was found in weed free control (4429, 2546 and 2581 kg/ha during yearI, II and III, respectively). Similarly, pooled mean ofseed yield (3183 kg/ha) was highest in weed free control. Among the herbicidal treatments, trifluralin @ 1.0 kg a.i./ha followed by post-emergence application of quizalofop-ethyl @ 0.05 kg a.i./ha at 25 days after sowing (DAS) recorded highest seed yield (3005 kg/ha) due to lower dry weight of weeds (374 kg/ha), higher weed control efficiency (85.9%) at 75 DAS and lower weed index (5.5%). This treatment resulted in higher gross returns(` 120208/ha), net returns (` 90398/ha) and B:C ratio (3.0). However, this was at par with application of pendimethalin @ 1.0 kg a.i./ha followed by post-emergence quizalofop-ethyl @ 0.05 kg a.i./ha at 25 DAS.


The Gymnastics Management Center of General Sports Bureau of China has promulgated the Rated Gymnast's Specified Moves and Scoring Rules,in which the Levels 2 and 3 Gymnast Technical Rating Standards Amendment Draft has made big changes to the original standard: The standards established for competitive gym-nasts were orientated for the masses and competitive gymnastics lovers for the first time,which is conducive to the development of competitive gymnastics in universities,middle schools and elementary schools;the restriction of the levels 2 and 3 standards meeting age of gymnastics lovers was removed,so that gymnastics lovers can make plans according to their own time,which will build up a solid mass foundation;the independency of event selection was enhanced,and the standards to be met were somewhat lowered,so that the lovers can select different stan-dard-to-be-met events according to their own characteristics;the amendment of these standards is conducive to the popularization of competitive gymnastics,and the boost of further development of the nationwide citizen fitness plan.


With the special location and family characteristics,the coastal Minnan ceonomy showed its opening posture since Song and Yuan dynastie s,expecialy in Qing Dynasty.The pop ulation emigation and returning str engthen-ing the economic development and fam ily tradition.


Providing a blood color, a method of adjusting the calibration reagent that can be chromogenic reagent with the components in the blood to calibrate the measuring device for measuring the color of the state where the color you color are mixed. Further, even when the temperature condition at the time of measurement is changed to provide a method of adjusting the calibration reagent the measurement device can be calibrated accurately. According to the present invention, there is provided a method of adjusting the calibration reagent used in calibrating a blood component measurement device for measuring a blood component optically, as the properties of the calibration reagent approaches the properties of blood, two different and adjusting a combination of the above dye, a method of adjusting the calibration reagent is provided. .FIELD 9A


This paper discusses the sovereign debt crisis that has hit the EU in recent years. The main question is why the EU's bailout to Greece fail. In order to analyze this we compare it to the EU's bailout to Portugal. We find that both economic variables and government capacity are at the heart of this failure.


The global demand for critical rare earth elements (REE) is rising1 with the increase in demand for sustainable energy technologies like wind turbines2,3, electric vehicles2,3, and high efficiency lighting4. Current processes for producing REE require high energy inputs and can produce disproportionate amounts of hazardous waste. Biological methods for REE production are a promising solution to this problem. In earlier work we identified the most important genetic mechanisms contributing to the REE-bioleaching capability of Gluconobacter oxydans B585. Here we have targeted two of these mechanisms to generate a high-efficiency bio-mining strain of G. oxydans. Disruption of the phosphate-specific transport system through a clean deletion of pstS constitutively turns on the phosphate starvation response, yielding a much more acidic biolixiviant, and increasing bioleaching by up to 30%. Coupling knockout of pstS with the over-expression of the mgdh membrane-bound glucose dehydrogenase gene, results in up to 73% improvement of REE-bioleaching.


AbstractDam removal tends to produce a series of changes in river morphology. Whereas decisions pertaining to dam removal are typically evaluated from a deterministic viewpoint, this study develops...


In 1998, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) initiated a major air quality program known as the Particulate Matter (PM) Supersites Program. The Supersites Program was a multiyear, $27 million air quality monitoring program consisting of eight regional air quality projects located throughout the United States, each with differing atmospheric pollution conditions resulting from variations in source emissions and meteorology. The overall goal of the program was to elucidate source-receptor relationships and atmospheric processes leading to PM accumulation on urban and regional scales; thus providing the scientific underpinning for modeling and data analysis efforts to support State Implementation Plans and more effective risk management approaches for PM. The program had three main objectives: (1) conduct methods development and evaluation, (2) characterize ambient PM, and (3) support health effects and exposure research. This paper provides a synthesis of key scientific findings from the Supersites Program and related studies. EPA developed 16 science/policy-relevant questions in conjunction with state and other federal agencies, Regional Planning Organizations, and the private sector. These questions were addressed to the extent possible, even given the vast amount of new information available from the Supersites Program, in a series of papers published as a special issue of the Journal of Air & Waste Management Association (February 2008). This synthesis also includes discussions of: (1) initial Supersites Program support for air quality management efforts in specific locations throughout the United States; (2) selected policy-relevant insights, based on atmospheric sciences findings, useful to air quality managers and decision makers planning emissions management strategies to address current and future PM National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) and network planning and implementation; (3) selected health-relevant insights interpreted from atmospheric sciences findings in light of future directions for health and exposure scientists planning studies of the effects of PM on human health; and (4) selected knowledge gaps to guide future research. Finally, given the scope and depth of research and findings from the Supersites Program, this paper provides a reference source so readers can glean a general understanding of the overall research conducted and its policy-relevant insights. Supporting details for the results presented are available through the cited references. An annotated table of contents allows readers to easily find specific subject matter within the text. IMPLICATIONS Over 400 peer-reviewed journal articles and likely more than 1000 presentations resulted from the research conducted through EPA's PM Supersites Program. From the start, the program was developed with a policy focus— providing new information on the accumulation and sources of PM in air on urban and regional scales that might allow for the development of more effective approaches to reducing ambient concentrations of PM to below NAAQS levels. This paper synthesizes and integrates the atmospheric sciences findings from which are interpreted a series of policy-relevant and health-relevant insights developed to support policy decisions on approaches to reduce PM in air and to assist the health-effects and exposure science communities with future research planning. REVIEW PAPER ISSN:1047-3289 J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc. 58:S-3–S-92 DOI:10.3155/1047-3289.58.13.S-3 Copyright 2008 Air & Waste Management Association Volume 58, Supplement 2008 Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association S-3


Hybrid hydrogels combining gellan gum polymer gelator (PG) with a low molecular weight gelator (LMWG) benefit from both the synergistic combination of rheological characteristics and the unique activity of the LMWG.


iSCSI is a network storage technology designed to provide an economical solution over a TCP/IP Network. This paper presents a new iSCSI design with multiple TCP/IP connections. The prototype is developed and experiments are conducted for performance evaluation on Gigabit Ethernet (GE). Test results show that the new iSCSI design improves performance 20%~60% compared with normal iSCSI architecture. Throughput can reach 107MB/s for big I/O and I/O rate can reach 15000 IOPS for small I/O.


Tunnel junctions (TJs) offer alternative designs and promise in some cases improved performances for nitride-based light-emitting diode (LEDs) and laser diodes (LDs) and are widely used in academic studies. However, the voltage penalty of the LEDs and LDs, in comparison with standard contact technologies, has been a major concern especially for commercial applications. In this study, we investigated methods to achieve low excess voltage. Using ammonia molecular beam epitaxy (NH3 MBE), GaN TJs were grown on commercial metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) grown blue LED wafers. Atom probe tomography (APT) and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) indicate 1 min buffered HF (BHF) clean of the regrowth interface reduced Mg and impurity incorporation into the n++ regrown TJ layers. The wafers were processed and measured in parallel to reference wafers using both university processes and industry processes. At 20 A cm−2, TJ LEDs grown with Si δ-doping at the junction interface processed in the university cleanroom had a forward voltage of 3.17 V in comparison to 2.86 V for LEDs processed with a standard indium tin oxide (ITO) contact. Unencapsulated TJ LEDs processed by industrial process without ITO or current blocking layer had about 0.3 V excess voltage compared to reference LEDs. The TJ LEDs also had more uniform light emission profile. The low excess voltage and consistent results acquired in both settings suggest that TJ can be scaled for industrial processes.


Salinity poses a severe threat to urban and agricultural areas. Excess salt can accumulate in soils and groundwater, thereby impacting crop growth and productivity. In this study we quantify the influence of driving forces on salt transport in Colorado's South Platte River (drainage area of 62,937 km2) and investigate possible mediation strategies to reduce salinity levels in both urban and agricultural river reaches. A river salt transport model was developed that utilizes a water allocation model and accounts for multiple inputs and outputs of salt within the river network, including tributaries, wastewater treatment plants, road salt, return flows from rainfall and irrigation, and groundwater discharge. The flow and salt models are run on a monthly basis between 2002 and 2006 and tested against stream discharge and in-stream salinity concentration at multiple gage sites. A sensitivity analysis was implemented to determine the controlling factors behind salt transport in the river system by river reach and by season (spring, summer, fall, winter). SA results were used to guide selection of management practices (n = 256) that can control salinity in both urban and agricultural areas. For urban areas, during spring/summer and fall/winter, the most efficient management practice is to decrease WWTP effluent salinity concentration by 35% and to decrease applied road salt by 35%, respectively, resulting in decreases of 10–30% decrease in river salt concentration. For agricultural areas, the only management practices that achieve an in-river salinity concentration (1,000 mg/L) that prevents crop yield decrease during irrigation are aggressive practices that focus on WWTP effluent concentration, return flow salinity, and urban road salt. Results points to the extreme challenge of managing salinity in the South Platte River Basin and other similar basins and the aggressive urban approaches that must be implemented to sustain irrigation practices in the downstream regions of the basin.


Abstract Hollow cylinder torsional shear tests on loose isotropically and anisotropically consolidated calcareous sand were conducted to investigate the cyclic behavior under three different linear stress paths, including horizontal line, oblique line, and vertical line stress paths, in a coordinate system of the normal stress difference and the horizontal shear stress. The dominant strain components of the isotropically consolidated specimens are affected by the stress paths. With increasing consolidation stress ratio, axial strain gradually becomes the dominant strain component under the three different stress paths. The cyclic strength of the isotropically consolidated specimens under the three different stress paths are almost the same, while for the anisotropically consolidated specimens, the cyclic strengths are strongly affected by the stress paths. These results indicate that conventional cyclic triaxial tests may overestimate cyclic strength in some cases. Irrespective of the stress paths and cyclic stress ratios, the terminal residual excess pore pressure ratio decreases with increasing consolidation stress ratio. Moreover, an empirical equation is proposed to describe the relationship between the normalized shear work and the normalized residual excess pore pressure ratio. The comparative study reveals that the relationship proposed for silica sand is not suitable for the dynamic analyses of calcareous sand.


A company's ethics is one of the key factors of its effectiveness. Having poor business ethics usually lead to the lack of payment discipline. The main purpose of the study was to identify the possible impact of management ethics on the financial discipline of companies. The study involved 273 Slovenian public and private companies, which represented 9.1% of all companies invited to take part in the survey. The data on management ethics were collected using the Corporate Ethical Virtues measurement instrument questionnaire and the data concerning average late payments were obtained from the database of the Slovenian rating agency "I d.o.o.". Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS 20.0 for Windows. We conducted a factor analysis and a regression analysis using the stepwise method. We found that management ethics has a positive impact on payment discipline. At the end of the article, we give suggestions for improvement of payment discipline.


The study provides an assessment of the disaster risk financing mechanisms in the Philippines. It looks at the sources and levels of disaster financing specifically for recovery and reconstruction. It also looks at the adequacy and execution of the current disaster risk finance and insurance mechanisms. Case studies are presented showcasing detailed analysis at the sectoral level. The study notes that the government has been mainly relying on budget allocations to fund recovery and reconstruction. The uncertainties in terms of annual budget allocations and the protracted funds flow processes slow down reconstruction/rebuilding thus, adversely affecting economic recovery of disaster areas. To mitigate the impact of disaster, the government has to improve its overall disaster risk financing and insurance (DRFI) program. DRFI has to be anchored on an adequate, effective (in terms of implementation or execution), and efficient (i.e., cost efficient and timely) strategy. It requires government to combine the use of various financing and insurance instruments considering risk profile, fiscal position, and market conditions.


Various samples of groundwater were collected from different areas of in and around Gadchiroli District, Maharashtra state (India) and analyzed for their physicochemical characteristics. The various physicochemical parameters such as pH, Electrical conductivity, BOD, DO, Turbidity, Lead, Zinc, Calcium ,Magnesium, Iron ,Total dissolved solids, Chloride , Sulphate, Nitrate ,Fluoride, Total Alkalinity, hardness etc. were determined using standard procedures of USPHS. The results of analysis were compared with the water quality standards of Indian Standard Institute (ISI), Indian Council for Medical Research (ICMR) and World Health Organization (WHO). The overall groundwater quality of the study area has pH values, Nitrate, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, phosphate, and chlorine contents show variation within different sites. The study indicates that the water at present do not possess any pollution problem for the ecosystem. Keywords— Physicochemical parameters, Quality of groundwater, Water quality standards.


serum (DMEM, GIBCO). Physiologi c saline (0.85% NaCl) was utilized as a control medium for maintaining nymphs and eggs. Penicillin (10,000 lU/mml) and streptomyci n (10,000 /*g/ ml) were included in both systems (MEM and DMEM) and cultures were maintained at 30°C in 5% CO2 and the medium changed weekly. Nymphs maintained in either MEM with serum or DMEM without serum remained viable and infective to hamster s or mice for at least 6 wk. Nymphs maintained in physiologi c saline at 30°C died over a 1-wk period. Adult females survived for similar periods of time in both MEM and DMEM (3-6 wk) and produced from 75 to 4,200 eggs/wk in MEM. Egg production was not assesse d in DMEM nor were sufficient adults available for control cultures in saline. Adults were more difficul t to maintai n than nymphs, possibl y becaus e they were removed from the lungs of alligators that had died several hours earlier as opposed to nymphs that were recovered by dissection of freshly killed mosquitofish. However, the possibility that adults are more fastidious in their culture requirement s than nymphs was not ruled out. Eggs deposited in vitro contained a quadruped larva and the morphology of both the egg and larva strongl y resembled that described by Esslinger for Porocephalus crotali (1962, Journal of Parasitology 48:457-462) . Eggs kept in saline at 4°C contained live larvae for periods as long as 2 mo. Attempts to infect hatchling alligators with eggs obtained from in vitro cultures were unsuccessful . These relatively simple culture techniques have allowed us to maintain both nymphs and adults of 5". mississippiensis and to obtain large numbers of eggs and larvae. Exploitation and modifications of these methods may provide other workers with a tool for further investigations of 5. mississippiensis as well as other species of pentastomes . We thank Tracey Howell of Plant City Gator Jungle for his cooperation. This paper was published as Florida Agricultural Experiment Stations Journal Series No. 6746.


S Psychiatria Danubina, 2022; Vol. 34, Suppl. 1, pp 26-888 S611 characteristics" and "enhancing drivers' safety education", Moreover, the number of experts who believe that the impact of the above opinions is greater than the "general impact" is 29, 21, 12 and 10 respectively. Conclusion: In view of the problems that need to be improved in the implementation of China's road safety management planning, this study analyzes the psychological characteristics and common psychological misunderstandings of pedestrians and vehicle drivers on the road from the perspective of psychology. On this basis, combined with China's road safety management planning strategy, this study puts forward some suggestions conducive to improving road traffic safety, The Delphi method is used to optimize and verify the reliability of the suggestions. The Delphi consultation results show that the expert group believes that the two psychological suggestions of "signs remind pedestrians of psychological misunderstandings" and "road electronic signs remind common psychological misunderstandings" have the most significant impact on the application of road traffic safety planning theory. The results show that considering the psychological factors of pedestrians and drivers in the development of road traffic safety management is helpful to improve the level of road safety management and reduce the possibility of road safety accidents.


The editio princeps of the Kuṭṭanīmata was brought out by Pandit Durgaprasad of Jaipur in Bombay in 1887.3 The text was constituted by Durgaprasad with the help of two manuscripts procured by him in Jaipur.4 Although he took notice of the palm-leaf manuscript (Stam)5 discovered by P. Peterson in 1883 that bears the title Śambhalīmata, 6 a perusal of his edition shows that he did not utilize it. This edition is incomplete and very corrupt from verse 486 onwards. The last verse bears the number 927 and corresponds to verse 950 of the Bombay edition (Bo).7 The verses 445-454, 641-644, 646, 649 and 651 as found in Bo are missing. Without making exact reference to the manuscripts


Variations on hydrophobicity were monitored in two marine obligate hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria: Alcanivorax borkumensis SK2T and Thalassolituus oleivoras MIL-1T. These strains were inoculated, separately in ONR7a mineral medium with different concentration of sodium acetate. During 10 days measurements of cellular abundance and cellular hydrophobicity (capacity to adhere at polystyrene) were carried out. Data obtained revealed that the natures of carbon source and growth phase are important factors in the regulation of adhesion of bacteria to the surfaces. Moreover Alcanivorax showed a major capability to colonize polystyrene respect on Thalassolituus in the experimented conditions. The understanding of capacity to adhesion of these bacteria for utilization of hydrophobic compounds is fundamental for their potential use in the mitigation of oil spills phenomenon.


Introduction
 In the last decade, the incorporation of anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) (rituximab, obinutuzumab), bendamustine, B-cell receptor inhibitors (ibrutinib) and Bcl-2 antagonists (venetoclax) have changed the paradigm of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) treatment, improving overall survival (OS).
 Methods
 We conducted a retrospective observational study of patients diagnosed with CLL between 2003 and 2016 at our center to evaluate: i) the influence of date of diagnosis, before or after 2010; ii) having received new drugs (MoAb or target therapies) in first line or not.
 Results
 A total of 182 patients were evaluated: 104 men (57%) and 78 women (43%); median age 74 years (39 - 97), 132 patients were >65 years (72.5%). At diagnosis, 135 (74%), 19 (10%), 15 (8%), 4 (2%) and 9 (5%) were diagnosed as stages 0, I, II, II, III and IV of the Rai classification. While 154 (84%) 15 (8%) and 14 (8%) were classified as Binet's stages A, B and C. Regarding the presence of comorbidities, the median CIRS scale score was 4 (0 - 15). 71 patients (39%) were diagnosed before 2010 and 111 (61%) from 2010 onwards.
 With a median follow-up of 76 months (range, 20-212), 77/182 (42%) patients had received ≥1 line(s) of treatment: 1: 53%, 2: 26%, 3: 8%, ≥4: 13%. 20 patients (26%) received the first line of treatment before 2010, and 56 (74%) from 2010 onwards. Half of the patients received new drugs in 1st line (n=39), 92% of them from 2010 onwards. 32 patients (41.5%) achieved complete response after 1st line, and 24 (31%) at least a partial response.
 The median OS of patients diagnosed before 2010 was 66 months (35.32 - 96.68) vs 143 months (95% CI 90.5 - 195.5) (p=0.032) as of 2010. In those ≤ 65 years median OS has not been reached, being 80.5% at 10 years: 65% for those diagnosed before 2010 and 97% after 2010, p=0.036. The median OS of patients > 65 years was 6 years (95% CI 4.17 - 7.83), and increased from 82 months for those diagnosed before 2010, to 110 months in those diagnosed after 2010, p=0.744.
 Patients treated with new drugs in 1st line increased the median OS from 76 months and 13% at 10 years to a median not reached and OS of 77% at 10 years, p=0.000. This difference was more evident in those ≤ 65 years: 20% vs 100% at 10 years (p=0.012), while it was not statistically significant for those > 65 years (11% vs 50% at 10 years, p=0.181) (Figure 1). However, in a multivariate model including age, sex, CIRS>6 and year of diagnosis (before or after 2010), treatment with new drugs retained statistical significance (HR 0.414; 95% CI 0.183 - 0.935) along with age ≤ 65 years (HR 0.256; 95% CI 0.085 - 0.771) and CIRS ≤ 6 (HR 0.247; 95% CI 0.111 - 0.551).
 Conclusions
 In our experience, the introduction of new drugs in the first line has led to an increase in OS, especially in young patients.
 Figure 1 Figure 1.

 Gonzalez-Lopez: Grifols: Other: Advisory board honoraria; Sobi: Other: Advisory board honoraria; Amgen: Other: Advisory board and speakers honoraria, Research Funding; Novartis: Other: Advisoryboard and speakers honoraria, Research Funding.


• Creation of the Entrepreneur's Guide to Starting a Rabbit Agricultural Enterprise in the form of a manual. • Knowledge and experiences can assist in advocating the growth of the rabbit industry. • Utilization aids in determining: • Type of Rabbit Enterprise • How to practice, train, prep, and show rabbits • Considerations for preand post production • Future with niche markets. • This enterprise was created with the hopes of showing students the basics of a production, how to create profit and manage or expand a rabbit enterprise. • Created outline, containing project needs, researched sources and materials for the manual. • The "For Dummies" series as inspiration for frame work for the manual. • The proposition was proposed but advised to take another approach • Obtained local FFA chapters help by acquiring five students to create a rabbit enterprise with only the aid of the manual. • When students have were completed, they were questioned and feedback was used to improve the manual. • Student feedback influenced a lot of the design and helped guide the overall tone for the manual. • Changes were made to alter the design, form, and content of the manual. • Four out of the five students were able to successfully complete and show their rabbit projects for their enterprise projects and fair competitions. • Students reported that the manual well prepared them. • The manual was altered to display key times in the season to have start the project for future references. Introduction: Methodology:


This research centers on the Featherlight Information Network with Delay-Endurable RFID Support (FINDERS), composed of passive RFID tags which are ultra light, durable, and flexible, without power supply for long-lasting applications under strict weight constraints and harsh environments. It expands the use of RFID gear for wireless network construction, aiming to find events of interest and gather aggregate information. FINDERS faces unprecedented challenges in communication and networking, due to its sporadic wireless links, unique asymmetric communication paradigm, intermittent computation capability, and extremely small memory of tags. Analytic and simulation data are collected to show the feasibility and efficiency of FINDERS.


The article considers the main changes in the institute's work during the 50s of the XX century. The problem of "modernization" of the institution of higher education in the course of the political, social and economic reforms taking place in the country at this period is the centre of the research. The special attention is paid to the formation of new faculties and departments, organization of the scientific work, questions of everyday life of the tutors and students.


Lactoferrin (Lf)—a glycoprotein of the transferrin family—has been investigated as a promising molecule with diverse applications, including infection inhibition, anti-inflammation, antioxidant properties and immune modulation. Along with that, Lf was found to inhibit the growth of cancerous tumors. Owing to unique properties such as iron-binding and positive charge, Lf could interrupt the cancer cell membrane or influence the apoptosis pathway. In addition, being a common mammalian excretion, Lf offers is promising in terms of targeting delivery or the diagnosis of cancer. Recently, nanotechnology significantly enhanced the therapeutic index of natural glycoproteins such as Lf. Therefore, in the context of this review, the understanding of Lf is summarized and followed by different strategies of nano-preparation, including inorganic nanoparticles, lipid-based nanoparticles and polymer-based nanoparticles in cancer management. At the end of the study, the potential future applications are discussed to pave the way for translating Lf into actual usage.


The embryonic development of Cynoglossus semilaevis was observed with tissue slice method.Notochord,optic vesicle,mesoderm,spinal cord floor-plate,neural tube,gut,otic vesicle,brain,oropharyngeal membrane and tubular heart of C.semilaevis embryo were described for the first time.The result indicated that,myomeres were initial differentiated at the back of the embryo after formation of the optic primordium.Then the neural keel was enlarged anteriorly to form the brain rudiment.After formation of the embryo,the otic vesicle presented behind the hindbrain.The notochord was ventral to the brain.During the development of the embryo,the cells of the notochord were vacuolated and beneath the notochord was the gut.Dorsal to the embryo was a row of cuboidal cells,the spinal cord floor-plate.This plate was ventral to the neural tube.The floor-plate extended anteriorly to the hindbrain.The heart was a thin-walled tube containing erythrocytes.It was ventral to the head paralleled with diencephalon.


As a result of studying interviews with Korean migrants (miners and nurses who moved to Germany and [some of them] further on to North America) we show how this group finds or "comes to religion". After presenting a concept of religion, following the model of Ulrich Oevermann, parts of autobiographical narratives are analyzed and the complicated, intertwining and often conflicting relationships between religion and transnationalism are studied; we ask, among other things, if religion is becoming a compensation for moving back and forth between the home country and the country of residence. This discussion leads to further considerations concerning the connection between religion, church religiosity, and transnationality.


In this paper, three methods of immersion ellipsometry based on measuring the ellipsometric parameters in air and non-absorbing liquids are used for analysing silicon, germanium and gallium arsenide single crystals covered with very thin native oxide layers under normal laboratory conditions. If the values of the extinction coefficients of the semiconductors are known with sufficient accuracy, the values of the refractive indices of these semiconductors and the thicknesses and the refractive indices of the effective surface layers can be determined with satisfactory or high accuracy (the effective layer represents a double layer consisting of the native layer and the interface layer). If the values of the optical parameters characterizing the interface layer between the silicon substrate and its native oxide layer are known, the values of both the thickness and the refractive index of the native oxide layer can be determined. The values of all the optical parameters (including the extinction coefficient) of the system formed by a silicon surface covered with the native oxide layer can be determined with good accuracy if the experimental data corrresponding to this system are interpreted together with those corresponding to a silicon surface covered with a thick SiO2 (amorphous) film. This procedure can be used if the values of the optical parameters of the interface layer are known in a reliable way. The methods are applied at a wavelength of 632.8 nm.


Objective To approach the relationship between schizophrenia(SP) and homocysteine(Hcy) leve1.Methods The Hcy level of 319 cases with schizophrenia and 136 normal individuals(control group) was detected by one-step immunoassay.Results The mean level of Hcy in the schizophrenia group was obviously higher than that in the control group(p0.05).The mean level of Hcy in male patients was higher than that in female patients,the difference has statistics significance.Conclusion The level of serum homocysteine is increased in patients with schizophrenia,and have a correlation with sex.Homocystaine may be one of the risk factors of schizophrenia.


Data integration in the distributed data system is introduced to solve the problem that data model has. The data integration in the distributional systems can be supported effectively. Data conversion is still a challenge in distributed system integration. Community based system is used for distributed data integration. It comprises of three elements: community, data model and communication protocol. The integration system solves the data heterogeneous problem in production management, making users check data more transparently and conveniently. The construction of central database is a comprehensive giant engineering system, which directly serves the demands of various application subsystem developments.


scholarship. He thinks of Puritans as the "godly," a minority that took religion seriously. Fearing the Antichrist, they embarked on a quest for assurance of salvation by stressing "Bible-reading and sermon-going" (p. 76), and sought to discipline themselves and the rest of society. They did not, he argues, as has been often proclaimed, try to subvert the established authority of the state by pleading an individual creed, nor did they try to provide "a key to capitalist attitudes" (p. 68) though they did insist on a work ethic. Curiously, Hirst contends that "the existence of a theological consensus helped blunt other points of conflict" (p. 66); but, he says, the assumption that both Anglicans and Puritans were Calvinists ignores the distinction between the "loose" Calvinism of the Thirty-Nine Articles and the "strict" Calvinism of the Lambeth Articles (reinforced by the English at the Synod of Dort). Similarly, when Hirst discusses the covenant of grace in connection with William Perkins, he argues that one should distinguish between a conditional covenant, which was more closely related to Arminianism, and an absolute covenant of grace, which was more closely related to antinomianism.


Being main leaders of our party, Maozedong,Dengxiaoping and Jiangzeming were in power in different periods. But fighting against corruption and building a clean government is their basic policy to administer our country and party. The theory of fighting against corruption and building a clean government was originated by Maozedong, developed by Dengxiaoping and enriched by Jiangzheming. Their theories overlap in some areas. At the same time they show their respective characteristics. Studying seriously and comprehending their ideologies and theories of fighting against corruption and building a clean government can help us achieve understanding of and a complete success in fighting against corruption and building a clean government, which has far reaching historic and realistic significance.


Mobile edge computing is an emerging trend of cloud computing that enables terminal users, which have limited computing ability, to offload their tasks to the edge servers. In this paper, we study the performance of mobile edge computing system using non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) and radio frequency energy harvesting techniques. Specifically, a user harvests energy and offloads tasks to the edge servers by using NOMA scheme over wireless channels. The exact closed-form expression of successful computation probability is derived to evaluate the system performance. In addition, the numerical results are also provided based on system parameters to investigate system behaviors. The analytical results are verified by Monte-Carlo simulation.


Pilots and Vessel Traffic Service (VTS) operators work to improve the safety of navigation of seagoing
vessels. As in many other safety-critical domains, work is increasingly characterised by the integration
and dissemination of information between humans and technology, across disciplines and over
multiple geographical locations. Empirical studies of navigational assistance were analysed using the
Functional Resonance Analysis Method (FRAM) in order to understand what pilots and VTS operators
do and how it contributes towards maritime safety. Successful assistance was found to be dependent
on: (i) the use of local knowledge, preparation and foresight to integrate information from a wide range
of sources, and; (ii) communication and trust between the pilot, VTS operator, and the master and
crew of the vessel, to provide timely assistance to vessels. FRAM was found to be a valuable tool for
describing sociotechnical work, but was enriched by borrowing from ethnographically-inspired work
studies traditions, with their strong grounding in empirical studies and themes of 'making work visible',
symmetry between human/non-human, and work as activity. This approach indicates that bringing
ideas from different traditions together to understand a real work practice may bring us closer to
describing 'work as done', and its contribution


Programming is the process of designing and writing a set of instructions (a program) for a computer in a language it can understand. This can be really simple, such as the program to make a robot toy trace out a square; or it can be incredibly sophisticated, such as the software used to forecast the weather or to generate a set of ranked search results. Programming is a two-step process. • First, you need to analyse the problem or system and design a solution. This process will use logical reasoning, decomposition, abstraction and generalisation (see pages 6–17) to design algorithms to solve the problem or model the system. • Secondly, you need to express these ideas in a particular programming language on a computer. This is called coding, and we can refer to the set of instructions that make up the program as 'code'. Programming provides the motivation for learning computer science – there's a great sense of achievement when a computer does just what you ask it, because you've written the precise set of instructions necessary to make something happen. Programming also provides the opportunity to test out ideas and get immediate feedback on whether something works or not. It's possible to teach computational thinking without coding and vice versa, but the two seem to work best hand-in-hand. Teaching computational thinking without giving pupils the opportunity to try out their ideas as code on a computer is like teaching science without doing any experiments. Similarly, teaching coding without helping pupils to understand the underlying processes of computational thinking is like doing experiments in science without any attempt to teach pupils the principles which underpin them. This is reflected in the new computing curriculum, which states that pupils should not only know the principles of information and computation, but should also be able to put this knowledge to use through programming. One of the aims of the national curriculum for computing is that pupils can analyse problems in computational terms, and have repeated practical experience of writing computer programs in order to solve problems. In key stage 1, pupils should be taught how simple algorithms are implemented as programs on digital devices. The phrase 'digital devices' encompasses tablets, laptop computers, programmable toys, and perhaps also distant web servers. It can be useful for pupils to be able to see their algorithms, in whatever way they've recorded these, and their code …


This article puts forward the concept of political paranoia as a useful category to understand some contemporary manifestations of the pathologies of power. For this aim an interdisciplinary approach has been used, namely, the knowledge provided by psychoanalysis, political philosophy, theology and literary or aesthetic studies. Freud's and Lacan's psychoanalysis allows us to understand why the paranoid subject is a megalomaniac and hyperrational subject who wants to be in control of everything. It is a sovereign subject, who has adapted not only to the Society of Control initially defined by Deleuze, but also to a conception of philosophy that aims for totality. After dealing with the close relationship between paranoia and conspiratorial political theory, the article explains the reason why contemporary political paranoia represents a case of the most radical political theology: political Gnosticism. This term stands for a conception of politics that reduces the Other to the condition of an absolute enemy that needs to be eliminated. Lastly, the article establishes a close link between the cure for political paranoia and the assumption of an ontology of incompleteness


This study explores the role of social credit system construction, an informal institution, in improving corporate environmental performance. To identify the causal connections between social credit and corporate environmental performance, the progressive difference-in-differences (DID) method is adopted by introducing the social credit system construction pilots aiming to improve the social credit environment of China as a quasi-natural experiment. Empirical results imply that social credit system constructions exert a significant improvement effect on corporate environmental performance. In addition, corporate innovation, financial constraints alleviation, and the strengthening of environmental cases enforcement are three effective action mechanisms by which social credit system constructions helping improve corporate environmental performance. Moreover, this promotion effect presents heterogeneity characteristics due to enterprises ownership and the environmental pollution degree of the city where the enterprise is located. This study provides an informal institutional perspective for the green development of enterprises.


The effect of war on suicide rates has been widely investigated since it was first discussed by Emile Durkheim1 more than a century ago. Great national wars such as world wars, referred to as 'popular wars', are considered to increase social integration, patriotism and a sense of purpose among citizens, resulting in fewer suicides, while 'unpopular wars', such as civil wars, are believed to cause despair, social disintegration and resignation to fate, with a resulting increase in suicides during the war.1


Abstract Cosmic rays are able to heat interstellar dust grains. This may enhance molecule mobility in icy mantles that have accumulated on the grains in dark cloud cores. A three-phase astrochemical model was used to investigate the molecule mobility in interstellar ices. Specifically, diffusion through pores in ice between the subsurface mantle and outer surface, assisted by whole-grain heating, was considered. It was found that the pores can serve as an efficient transport route for light species. The diffusion of chemical radicals from the mantle to the outer surface are most effective. These species accumulate in the mantle because of photodissociation by the cosmic-ray induced photons. The faster diffusion of hydrogen within the warm ice enhances the hydrogenation of radicals on pore surfaces. The overall result of the whole grain heating-induced radial diffusion in ice are higher abundances of ice species, whose synthesis involve light radicals. Examples of stable species synthesized this way include complex organic molecules, OCS, H2O2 and cyanoplyynes.


Through the expansion of Solow Model and Learning by Doing Model,the paper elaborates theoretical foundation and practical significance of the research on the carrying capacity of resources.An empirical analysis is made on the differences of resource carrying capacity in western China,and the results show:the ecological environment in western China is destroyed in a sense,that is,the resource carrying capacity has always been in a state of overloading,and its economic development develops at the cost of destroying the environment to a certain degree;resource carrying capacity is different among the 12 provinces and cities in western China;and resource carrying capacity is different between western China and eastern or middle regions in China.Compared with eastern and middle regions of China,though the comprehensive resource carrying capacity in the west has increased,it is in a situation of overloading,especially compared with eastern regions,the situation of overloading is very serious.


Cross-listed foreign private issuers (FPIs) experience abnormal stock returns of -10%, on average, in both the U.S. and their home markets in response to the passage and implementation of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX), whereas Pink Sheets traded FPIs that are exempt from SOX compliance are not affected. The abnormal returns are generally more negative for better governed FPIs. Further, many more cross-listed FPIs "go dark" in the U.S., i.e., voluntarily delist and deregister to avoid SEC reporting obligations, in the post-SOX period relative to the pre-SOX period. The abnormal returns at the delisting and deregistration announcements are negative in the pre-SOX period and positive in the post-SOX period, with the difference being highly significant. Taken together, the results suggest that SOX imposes excessive compliance costs on cross-listed FPIs. These findings are also consistent with the existence of legal bonding benefits and the weakening of these benefits by SOX compliance.


In the first half of the 20th century,great transition and change took place in China,and the circle of ideology and culture formed the tripartite structure of Marxism,liberalism,conservatism.In the three,Marxist thought has the biggest influence.Of these, the impact of historical materialism is the most significant,as a major trend,it directly participated and influenced the six large-scale controversies at the time in ideological field.The form of controversies were varied,which focused on the idealism or materialism,eco- nomic determinism or pluralism,the class struggle,the role of masses in history and proletarian dictatorship,and other issues.By the controversies,scientificalneas of theory and vitality of practice of historical materialism were further demonstrated and become an impor- tant thought and action guideline,which greatly affected the politics,economic,academic and ideology and culture,and promoted the culture of modem transformation.


The 'Murcott Honey Orange' is grown rather extensively in Florida and is highly desired because of its fine flavor and dark orange colored flesh. Its origin is unknown, but the 'Murcott' is probably a hybrid of mandarin and sweet orange parentage. This variety bears very heavy crops with much of the fruit set in clusters. These extremely heavy crops result in a collapse of the trees near the time of fruit maturity. Depending on the severity of this decline, the trees may require from one to several years to recover (Figs. 1,2,3) or in extreme cases, die. The leaves and fruit from severely affected trees turn yellow and drop followed by dieback of the branches. These symptoms appear in December and January and become progressively worse as the fruit matures. Fruit on less severely affected trees are usually small and fail to develop the dark orange color characteristic of the variety. The problem of 'Murcott' collapse is probably the main reason this variety is not more widely grown. Knorr and Collins (1) previously described this condition and reported that in some cases, severe root deterioration occurs. The problem apparently is not limited to 'Murcotts' since similar symptoms have been reported in California for the 'Wilking' and 'Kinnow' mandarins (3).


When the present invention is to provide a nozzle and a shot peening apparatus, the shot peening process to be injected in the workpiece with the abrasive blasting medium containing high pressure gas, even if the abrasive grains is increased, the abrasive grains is formed dispersion increasing the concentration of the slurry at the time the slurry liquid ejection can be stably performed without the abrasive grains deposited on the interior of the nozzle. The nozzle includes a nozzle holder, gas nozzle, and an injection nozzle. Said gas introduction nozzle is a high pressure gas from the high-pressure gas injection port portion is formed in a hollow shape with a high-pressure gas flow path toward the high pressure gas injection ports includes: a cylindrical straight portion; continuously toward the reduced diameter end reduced in diameter compressing the gas nozzle portion; and a reduced diameter from the diameter of the continuous gas nozzle acceleration portion. Further, the movable gas nozzle inserted into the nozzle holder.


Thank you for downloading systematics and the origin of species on ernst mayrs 100th anniversary. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have search numerous times for their favorite readings like this systematics and the origin of species on ernst mayrs 100th anniversary, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some malicious virus inside their computer.


Background: Cancer patients' interpretations of the meaning of words used when given bad news are not well studied in medical settings. The aim of this study was to ascertain what significance verbal expressions had for cancer patients when they were given information about ending active tumour treatment, and what message they felt they received. Methods: Tape-recorded semi-structured interviews were performed and analysed using a qualitative phenomenographical approach. Results: Thirty patients with incurable cancer admitted to hospital-based home care unit in Sweden participated. Three main categories about the significance of words emerged: 1) words could indicate indirect warnings as being forewarnings, evasive or ambiguous; 2) words could also be perceived as emotionally trying, as threats or abandoning; 3) other words were fortifying and strengthened the patient in this situation. The overall message given during the information could be interpreted differently: either focused on treatment, on quality of life, or on threat and death. Conclusion: The understanding of the significance of words to tailor the information to patients helps the physician to use forewarnings and fortifying words and to identify and avoid the use of threatening words.


Owing to the problems existed in China's investigative interrogation and the judicial practice,the theory of investigative interrogation should be changed from presumption of guilt to presumption of innocence,from confession centered doctrine to material evidence centered doctrine and from attacking crime to protecting human rights.Meanwhile,it can ensure the legitimacy of investigative interrogation based on system to endow the criminal suspects with right to silence and lawyer presence right during interrogation,to construct the system of synchronous sound and video recording and the reverse of proving obligation,and to establish exclusionary rule of evidence illegally obtained.


paper on which to print his logarithmic tables. The early volumes contain Soelberg Wells's papers on paralytic affections of the muscles of the eye, and Jonathan Hutchinson's on syphilitic inflammations of the eye. Here, too, are Hughlings Jackson's papers on defects of sight in diseases of the nervous system. In vols. iii and iv he finds chiefly optic atrophy; in vol. iv he distinguishes between nerve atrophy (primary) and cerebral atrophy (post-neuritic); in vol. viii he publishes two cases, one of cerebral tumour without optic neuritis, and another of double optic neuritis without cerebral tumour. And so we may bid farewell. The familiar brown-covered parts will no longer be seen. The spirit which gave them birth sometimes flagged, but never died. It is not dead now, but re-kindled into a newer and livelier flame. Le roi est mort! Vive le roi!"


Abstract Crystals of Pb 2 Cu(II) 7 (AsO 4 ) 6 and Pb 2 Cu(I) 2 Cu(II) 6 (AsO 4 ) 6 have been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions. Their crystal structures were determined from single-crystal X-ray data (space group P 1 ; a = 5.154(1), 5.210(1) A; b = 8.363(2), 8.390(2) A; c = 11.301(3), 11,406(3) A; α = 90.19(2), 90.16(2)°; β = 90.34(2), 89.88(2)°; γ = 92.83(2), 93.60(2)°; Z = 1; R w = 0.039, 0.034). The crystal structures are topologically related: Pb 2 Cu(II) 7 (ASO 4 ) 6 contains Cu(II) 3 O 10 and Cu(II) 4 O 12 chains formed by edge and corner connections of Cu(II)O 4 squares and remarkably regular CuO 5 polyhedra; they are interconnected by the arsenate tetrahedra. In Pb 2 Cu(I) 2 Cu(II) 6 (AsO 4 ) 6 one of the former Cu(II)[ 4 ] atoms is substituted by two linearly [2]-coordinated Cu(I) atoms, and the other atomic positions are maintained; the result is a connection of Cu(II) 3 O 10 chains and Cu(II) 3 O 12 groups via Cu(I) atoms to corrugated sheets. The Pb atoms are tetragonally antiprismatic coordinated; each two are edge connected to dimers.


Agricultural future is the first listing of futures in the world, which was introduced by Chicago Exchange Market one hundred years ago. Agricultural future is still the mainstream of China's futures market today, and it is a natural response to information technology analysis and price discovery of agricultural futures. Different from general price discovery measures, this paper produced methodologies with gray periodic incidence judged on slope to measure discovery of the largest trading volume soybean futures with HS300 Index Futures based on high frequencies data. It shows that our model result is consistent with the general model, but is superior on dynamic discovery model.


LEXER is a useful tool for lexical analysis. It is designed to give an application programmer the ability to write code that will quickly parse commands to an interactive program. It is also useful in parsing character data stored in a file. This is done by lexically analyzing the input character string and placing its components and related information into arrays stored in common blocks. The code is written in FORTRAN which conforms to the ANSI Standard FORTRAN 77 in all but a few carefully documented areas. 2 refs.


The ac field measurement technique (acfm) for sizing surface breaking cracks in metals exploits the fact that the high‐frequency alternating current tends to flow in a thin skin on the metal and crack surfaces. The method seeks to interpret measured perturbations in the surface voltages produced by a crack so as to deduce its size and its shape and for this purpose a suitable mathematical model of the field is required. In the past, solutions of direct problems in which the crack shape is assumed to be known have been used for this purpose. This paper addresses the inverse problem in which the crack shape is not specified. The problem is formulated as a two‐dimensional Laplace problem and a boundary element method is used for its iterative solution. The algorithm for predicting crack profile and size has been tested against synthetic input data obtained from known solutions of direct problems and also against surface voltage data obtained on real surface‐breaking cracks. Good agreement has been found in a...


A resistive coupling circuit is used to model the recently discovered dissipative coupling in a hybridized cavity photon-magnon system. With this model as a basis we have designed a planar cavity in which a controllable transition between level attraction and level repulsion can be achieved. This behaviour can be quantitatively understood using an LCR circuit model with a complex coupling strength. Our work therefore develops and verifies a circuit method to model level repulsion and level attraction and confirms the universality of dissipative coupling in the cavity photon-magnon system. The realization of both coherent and dissipative couplings in a planar cavity may provide new avenues for the design and adaptation of dissipatively coupled systems for practical applications in information processing.


This study aims to examine the effect of internet banking and mobile banking on the financial performance of banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). The population in this study is all banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2016-2020. This sampling technique uses purposive sampling with the company's criteria stating the number of transactions through internet banking and mobile banking during 2016-2020. There are 7 banks that become the research sample. The data collection technique used in this research is documentation. This research is a quantitative research with multiple linear regression analysis method. The results showed that internet banking has a significant influence on the financial performance of banks. Meanwhile, mobile banking has no effect on banking financial performance.


Background: The burden of morbidity among elderly population is reported to very vast and especially noncommunicable diseases found to be prevalent among elderly population such as cardiovascular illness and hypertension, endocrine disorders like diabetes and thyroid disorders, psychological diseases, musculoskeletal disorders and malignancies. Material & Methods: The present prospective study was conducted among 400 study participants who were more than 60 years of age were enrolled from outdoor department by simple random sampling. Written informed consent was taken from each study participant. Results: The most common morbidity was anemia, found among 264 (66%) of patients which was followed by ophthalmic disorders present in 216 (54%) of patients. 192 (48%) patients had disorders of Gastrointestinal system and 188 (47%) patients had disorders of musculoskeletal system. 168 (42%) of patients had diseases related to respiratory system, 156 (39%) patients had dental problems, 124 (31%) patients diagnosed with skin disorders and diseases related to ear, nose and throat were found in 88 (22%) patients. Diseases related to female genitourinary tract were found in 64 (16%) of patients, psychiatric disorders present among 60 (15%) patients, diseases of male genitourinary diseases found in 56 (14%) of patients. Diseases related to cardiovascular system was found in 56 (14%) patients, endocrine diseases found in 48 (12%) patients and 20 (05%) patients had diseases of central nervous system. Conclusion: We concluded from the present study that there was higher burden of morbidities reported among elderly population, hence geriatric health care should be given preference in health policy making and implementation.


In this study, polyarylate nonwoven fabrics were manufactured by a wet-laid process by using viscose rayon and amorphous PET fiber as binding fibers. The engineering performance was evaluated after calendering to obtain a compact structure. From the polyarylate wet-laid nonwoven fabrics, it was conf...


Cancer cells reprogram their metabolism to increase the synthesis of macromolecules for rapid proliferation. Compared to fatty acids, much less is known about the synthesis of phospholipids, which is essential for membrane biogenesis in cancer cells. We found that LPIN1, which encodes lipin‐1, a phosphatidic acid phosphatase (PAP) controlling the rate‐limiting step in the phospholipid synthesis pathway, is highly up‐regulated in basal‐like triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC). Moreover, high LPIN1 expression correlates with the poor prognosis of these patients. Knockdown of LPIN1 increases apoptosis in basal‐like TNBC cell lines, whereas it has minimal or less effect on normal human mammary gland epithelial cells (HMECs) and estrogen receptor‐positive breast cancer cell lines. Fatty acid incorporation and lipidomics analyses showed that LPIN1 knockdown blocks phospholipid synthesis and changes membrane lipid compositions that ultimately induce the activation of 1 of the 3 branches of unfolded protein responses, the inositol‐requiring enzyme‐1α pathway. We also show for the first time, to our knowledge, that lipin‐1 knockdown significantly inhibits tumor growth in vivo using an orthotopic xenograft breast mouse model. Our results suggest that lipin‐1 is a potential target for cancer therapy.—He, J., Zhang, F., Tay, L. W. R., Boroda, S., Nian, W., Levental, K. R., Levental, I., Harris, T. E., Chang, J. T., Du, G. Lipin‐1 regulation of phospholipid synthesis maintains endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis and is critical for triple‐negative breast cancer cell survival. FASEB J. 31, 2893–2904 (2017). www.fasebj.org


Abstract Australians are responsible for the world's highest per capita greenhouse gas emissions, 27% higher than produced by US citizens and more than double the average for other industrialised countries. With only 25% of the nation's population, Victorian residents also produce almost 60% of greenhouse emissions attributed to the heating and cooling of Australian homes. In response to this situation, the Victorian government introduced an important environmental initiative for new housing in 2003: the 5 Star Standard. This standard is designed to deliver signifi cant reductions in Victoria's greenhouse gas emissions by improving the energy effi ciency of new homes. Sophisticated economic analyses were undertaken to validate the government's decision to introduce these new regulations. These studies examined the economic impacts of upgrading the energy effi ciency of new houses and apartments from both a homeowner perspective and at a societal level through macroeconomic modelling of the Victorian state economy. Results of the analyses demonstrate that the 5 Star Standard will not only deliver planned greenhouse gas abatement outcomes, but also signifi cant economic benefi ts for the state's economy. These economic benefi ts represent a remarkable outcome for what is essentially an environmental regulation. To maintain consumer and industry confi dence in the house energy rating process on which the regulation is founded, rigorous administrative arrangements have been established to certify both the energy rating software and the technical specialists who assess individual house designs.


Neurodegenerative diseases of aging do not occur in isolation, but rather, they develop in the context of other chronic conditions. Therefore, optimal treatment requires recognition and management of these comorbidities. Both Parkinson's disease (PD) and cerebrovascular disease (CVD) are common in aged populations, and there is substantial overlap in their clinical spectrums. Symptoms, including tremor, rigidity, slowness, gait disturbance, postural instability, urinary incontinence, mood disorders, and cognitive impairment, may be observed in either condition and contribute to disability. Understanding the relationship between these conditions has driven the emergence of an expanding, but often conflicting, body of literature on the association of PD and CVD. In this issue, Schwartz et al. report on a pathological analysis of CVD in autopsy-confirmed PD with a focus on the role of vascular risk factors. A number of previous studies have examined the relationship between PD and CVD with mixed results. Several groups have described an increased risk of CVD in PD, whereas others suggested PD conferred a protective effect from CVD and others found no clear realationship. Much of this disagreement may be explained by differences in the study designs. In particular, there were significant differences in the definitions and ascertainment of CVD (e.g., clinical transient ischemic attack or stroke, radiologic stroke or white matter lesions, or death from stroke, pathologic evidence of infarct, or other vasculopathy). Although each approach offers unique benefits, pathological studies assure certainty of PD diagnosis and are not vulnerable to the same biases of ascertainment and reporting observed in epidemiologic studies. However, pathologic analyses require autopsy and typically include many fewer subjects than epidemiologic studies. In a relatively large pathologic analysis of an Australian cohort, investigators found no significant difference in the number or type of infarcts between 100 PD and 100 control brains. Another, even larger case-control study examining the brains of 617 PD and 535 control subjects, found no difference in the severity of vascular pathology, lacunar, or large vessel infarcts between the groups. A more-recent study examined not only the prevalence of CVD in PD (and dementia with Lewy bodies) patients versus controls, but also the relationship between severity of vascular lesions and Lewy pathology. As had previously been described, the prevalence and distribution of infarcts was similar between patient and control groups. However, there was a consistent inverse correlation between Lewy pathology (measured by semiquantitative synuclein immunohistochemistry and Braak PD staging) and a variety of vascular pathologies, including atherosclerosis, infarcts, and small vessel disease, suggesting a morecomplex interaction. Although the relationship between PD and CVD remains unsettled, it is of interest to consider how PD characteristics or risk factors might influence the development of CVD, and this topic has been recently reviewed. One possibility is that PD risk factors somehow offer protection against CVD, as has been suggested by investigators finding a lower prevalence of CVD in PD. Tobacco smoking is thought to be protective against PD, and lower rates of smoking in PD might lead to less CVD. In addition, nearly all PD patients, at some point, are treated with carbidopa/levodopa, which could potentially influence CVD risk through several different mechanisms. L-dopa treatment has been associated with lower serum cholesterol and triglycerides as well as risk of diabetes, each of which is a risk factor for the development of CVD. L-dopa may lower systemic blood pressure through central D1 dopamine (DA) receptors or peripheral D2 receptors. Indeed, it is a common clinical scenario that PD patients treated for hypertension at presentation will require tapering or discontinuation of antihypertensives as the disease progresses, and it seems feasible that these changes could influence vascular risk. It has also been proposed that DA deficiency, as observed in PD, could limit excitotoxicity in cerebral ischemia. Conversely, observations of higher prevalence of CVD in PD patients could be explained by shared causative or predisposing factors. Orthostatic hypotension is a common finding in PD, likely arising through a combination of Lewy pathology in the autonomic nervous system and the effects of dopaminergic medications on blood pressure (BP) ------------------------------------------------------------


Throughout history invasive methods for analyzing deflections and deformations have been used in concrete structures at the laboratory, but the advancement of technology has allowed the development of new non-invasive alternative methods such as digital image correlation (DIC). With this technique, it is possible to obtain information about the deflections, strains and strain fields in a structure. The current study consists of performing a flexural test on plain concrete beams and concrete arches reinforced with FRP rein-forcement. All tests were recorded with a cheap, small camera, then transferred into a series of images in or-der to apply the digital image correlation technique. The analysis with DIC results in the displacements, strains and strain fields of the surface under analysis. Finally, the percentage of error between the displace-ment derived from the DIC technique and the displacement measured by Linear Variable Differential Trans-formers (LVDTs) is calculated. In conclusion, the study shows that it was not possible to reach accuracy on the values of deflections and strains by the applied method and that a higher-speed camera is necessary to capture the moment of failure.


Gunshot injury of forearm with bone and soft tissue defects often require multiple stages in reconstruction to restore maximum function. We report a patient who sustained a gunshot injury, involving his right forearm with extensive soft tissue loss, multiple extensor tendon avulsions and segmental ulna bone defect. Four procedures are used in the treatment. Including adequate debridement, wound coverage, tendon transfer, internal fixation with plate, screws and bone graft. After sequential reconstructive forearm surgery, good restorations of hand function were achieved.We believe that sequential surgeries offer one of the best method of reconstruction in this severely injured case.


The present report describes the results of the cooperative experimental study organized by the High-Speed Marine Vehicle Committee of the Korea Towing Tank Conference. The study aims to improve model test technique and accuracy and to self-evaluate their own capabilities. The resistance tests of a 23m class planing hull were performed at the towing tanks of the Korea Research Institute of Ships and Ocean Engineering (KRISO), Hyundai Maritime Research Institute (HMRI), Seoul National University (SNU), Inha University (IU) and Pusan National University (PNU). In addition, the longitudinal wave cut was measured antral and analyzed at the KRISO. All the results of total resistance, trim and mean sinkage are presented in this report and the results show fairly good agreements comparing with the ITTC HSMV committee′s report.


Removing Mountains: Extracting Nature and Identity in the Appalachian Coalfields By Rebecca R. Scott Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2010. xvi + 271pp. Photographs, tables, endnotes, bibliography and index. $32.00, (cloth), ISBN 978-0-8131-2411-7.Mountaintop removal (MTR) coal mining is a mining technique that, for expediency, explodes mountains in order to extract coal, as an alternative to traditional underground mining. Previous scholarly texts on the topic have focused upon 1) MTR as a process, 2) environmental activism, or 3) the effects of MTR on the environment and economics. Author Rebecca Scott, a native of West Virginia, has resided out of that state about the same amount of time as she did inside, mostly in Greenbrier County. The author discovered that her prior residence in West Virginia minimized the skepticism of the West Virginians to strangers, and allowed her to present an insider's perspective, while her distance allowed an objective analysis of coalfield life. Scott, a sociology professor at the University of Missouri, considers the cultural interactions of race, gender, and nature in the Appalachian coalfields with MTR as an exemplary issue (p. 20).Removing Mountains investigates cultural space, place, and environmental politics while investigating how interdependencies of Appalachia and America relate to the cultural politics of MTR. In the introduction: "The Logic of Extraction," Scott analyzes and deconstructs the coal industry's viewpoint, noting that this system contradicts its own existence by the destruction of its own natural basis. Such a system survives only because it creates an illusion of safety for the poor.Scott's writing is as much about perception by those outside Appalachia as it is about Appalachian coal culture (p. 49). As part of her description of the national sacrifice zone of Appalachia, Scott describes how various books have depicted the culture of West Virginia and mountain people.Scott identifies cultural elements of Appalachia through the analysis of films, both documentary and entertainment, and television programs. These vary between those that are derisive of the Appalachian culture and those which stereotype the region's inhabitants. With its famous "Dueling Banjos" scene, the dramatic thriller, Deliverance (1972) "represents a watershed moment in cultural representations of the mountain South." (p. 231) At the same time, the film suggests that the "only way modern society can relate to nature is through total domination." (p. 51) Wrong Turn (2003) is more derisive of the culture in West Virginia, as it describes mountain men as products of inbreeding. But this view has been perpetuated for nearly half-a-century. Jack Weller described the people of southern Appalachia in terms of double first cousins and close intermarriage, (p. 52) Television programs, such as "The Beverly Hillbillies" and "Saturday Night Live" depict those in Appalachia in stereotypical manners. …


Despite substantial advancements in thermal and photochemical catalysis, the evolution of similar processes within the realm of organic electrochemistry has seen a slower pace. However, recent years have heralded a remarkable surge in molecular electrocatalysis. This innovative technique harnesses the power of molecular catalysts to expedite electrochemical transformations. This article underscores the application of ferrocene (Fc) as a redox catalyst in organic electrosynthesis. It delves into the extensive utilization of Fc in organic electrosynthesis, particularly emphasizing its role in the electrocatalytic generation and reactions of heteroatom‐ and carbon‐centered radicals, among various other reactions.


After the outbreak of anti-Japanese war,Fujian provincial government moved inland and launched land reform movement in order to solve problems of insuffi-cient grain supply and fiscal difficulties,which sparked fierce land-ownership struggle between new and old gentry within the same clan,between the government and the clans.In that process,old gentrys land-ownership was deprived while new gentry inces-santly encroached on new lands and the government tightened control over land re-sources,which led to the change of power structure in rural area.