This paper deals with the fracture mechanical investigations for the damage of the ICE-tyre. The crack growth began at the ICE-wheel close by the location of the maximum stresses at the inside of the tyre. The crack at first grew merely into the depth of the tyre and later on with a half elliptical shape. Only as nearly 80% of the cross section of the tyre was damaged, the tyre has been broken. On the crack surface colour effects and surface structures can be seen, which is an indicator for a discontinuous crack growth. Within the scope of this paper it will be shown that the crack growth can be explained by means of finite element simulations and experimental investigations.


The development of rubella-specific cell-mediated immunity (CMI) in splenic and bronchial lymphoid cells and antibody activity in serum and bronchial washings was studied in guinea pigs after subcutaneous or intranasal inoculation with live attenuated HPV-77 DE/5, RA27/3 rubella vaccines or live Brown strain of rubella virus. The techniques of hemagglutination inhibition, in vitro lymphocyte transformation, and assay of migration inhibitory factor with rubella virus as the antigen were employed to determine antibody and CMI in the systemic and secretory sites. Subcutaneous immunization resulted in regular appearance of serum antibody response. However, no antibody was detected in bronchial washings. Intranasal administration of the virus preparation resulted in little or no antibody response in the serum or respiratory tract. The CMI response after subcutaneous administration of rubella virus was characterized by the specific induction of lymphocyte transformation and migration inhibitory factor activity in the spleen cells without any detectable response in the bronchial lymphoid cells. Intranasal immunization resulted in the appearance of migration inhibitory factor activity in the bronchial cells with little or no response in the spleen cells. The CMI responses were initially detected 2 weeks after immunization. Peak responses were often found at 4 weeks, and no specific migration inhibitory factor or lymphocyte transformation activity was detected after 6 weeks. The results of this study suggest the development of local cellular immune response in the respiratory tract after local application of rubella virus.


In today's market driven economy countries seek to create viable industries to attract foreign investments. Solar energy is among those industries being pursued to create jobs and invigorate the local economy. The forces of supply and demand require countries to put in place strategies for competitiveness. This document provide practical steps for building viable Photovoltaic industry in countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council and the Arab region as whole by utilizing internationally recognized quality infrastructure principles and tools for designing highly reliable product and competitive manufacturing.


Objective To establish the method of screening the susceptibility to childhood lead poisoning by filter paper. Methods The genomic DNA from normal children was extracted with Chelex 100 (the filter paper method) and the chloroform method. The quantity of DNA recovered by the two methods were compared. A rapid PCR based method for precise σ aminolevulinate dehydratase (ALAD) genotyping was also established. Results The quantity of DNA recovered by the filter paper method (with Chelex 100) and the chloroform method was 17.1 μg/ml and 17.5 μg/ml , respectively. There was no difference between the two methods. Both the two methods were of great practical value in the screening of ALAD genotype in high risk people, but the filter paper method was less sensitive for PCR amplification than the chloroform method. Conclusions Technically the filter paper method might be more reliable in screening the susceptibility to childhood lead poisoning.


The distribution and mobility of macronutrients were studied in five soil profiles from virgin, cultivated and lime applied equivalent to normal, 3 and 5 times of time. requirement from a red loam sail of Ranchi. Lime application increased the orga nic carbon, CEC, total N as well as Ca saturation of soil while decreased the Mg saturation. The mobility of Mg was slightly more than Ca. Content of total P was not affected by liming but had pronounced effects on available P. Limed series. had higher total S than unlimed ones and was positively correlated with organic carbon (r=0.752). Available S showed negative correlation with soil pH (r=0.503**).


The Bode's integral is applied to analysis the robustness of active magnetic levitation systems. Based on the linear model, it is found that the unstable pole of open-loop system is determined by the bias current, and larger bias current leads to unstable pole farther away from the imaginary axis. The bias current strongly influences the dynamic performance of the levitation system. Larger bias current is needed to achieve better dynamic performance, such as higher stiffness and larger load capacity, while unstable pole farther away from the imaginary axis implies larger Bode's integral and worse robustness. The tradeoff between robustness and dynamic performance of the system is studied. The minimum available bandwidth that is necessary to achieve certain peak value of sensitivity function magnitude is derived. Simulation study is carried out to demonstrate the analysis method and to validate the results.


In the paradigm of model checking, a formal model is considered as one of the crucial sources that tends to be verified with the desired properties. The definition of the formal model should be understandable and clear in order to express the structure and behaviors of the system visually using diagrammatic tools. In this paper, we focused on the formal model which is written in Promela language that supports the non-determinism of the concurrent system. From our study, we found that the Promela syntax could probably be drawn by using NS-chart visual symbols. The classic NS-chart symbols represents the control flow of the system that was written in Promela. As a main purpose of this paper, we aim to propose a set of mapping rules for generating the NS-chart drawing from Promela source codes. The result of the drawing with the proposed NS-Chart syntax showed that the Promela control flow structure could be represented succinctly and the chart could be practically used for tracing the counterexample of the verification.


The Birge-Massart threshold wavelet methods were used to denoise lightning transient electrical signals, compared with the traditional de-noising methods such as Smoothing filter and FIR digital low-pass filter. The Means square error (MSE) and Magnitude error (ME) of simulation signals were calculated to compare the de-noising effect. The double exponential-decay pulse signals and Gaussian white-noise were composed as the simulating signals. The measured signals were also used to de-nosing with traditional and wavelet threshold methods. The results of simulation data and measured ones proved that the Birge-Massart threshold wavelet method was better than the traditional ones.


Objective To evaluate effectiveness and safety of ureteroscopic holmium YAG laser on ureteral fibroepithelial polyps.Methods Ureteroscopic holmium YAG laser was used in treatment on 14 cases with ureteral fibroepithelial polyps,including proximal 10 cases,middle 2 cases,distal 2 cases,and 9 cases combining with ureteral calculi.Results The Patients had been followed-up for three months postoperatively,and there were 12 cases with satisfactory results and preserving the renal function,1 case with ureteral stricture,1 with case residual calculi.Conclusions Ureteroscopic holmium YAG laser is a highly effective and safe treatment modality to treat ureteral fibroepithelial polyps.But long follow-up must be recommended.


The empirical data for the charge (proton) density differences and the isotope shifts of the even Ca nuclei are analyzed by means of a simple phenomenological model. The role of short and long range correlations in the description of the data is examined. Certain types of short and long range correlations are accounted for. Short range correlations are approximated through a Jastrow-type correlation function while for long range correlations the fluctuations of the nuclear surface are considered. The analysis shows that the combined effects of these correlations improves the description of the experimental data. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}


This research entitled 'A Study of Buddhadhamma Application for Solving the  Consumerism Problems of Youth in Ubonrachathani Province had three objectives: 1) to study the consumerism concept of the contemporary youth, 2) to study the consumption concept in Buddhism, and 3) to apply Buddhadhamma for solving the consumerism problems of the youth in Ubonratchathani Province. The study revealed that the youth is a stage of changing behavior from childhood to adult. The youth's behavior of consumption is mainly based on addiction in materials, luxury goods and over consumption. As the result, it leads to three main problems: 1) physical crisis, 2) mental crisis, and 3) social crisis. For the consumption according to Buddhism, there are nine principles of ideal consumption. They are: 1) Yonisomanasikara, critical reflection, 2) Indriyasamvara, Sense-restraint, 3) Sati and Sampacanna, mindfulness and awareness, 4) Bhojane mattannuta, moderation in consumption, 5) Majjhimapatipada, moderate way, 6) Santosa, contentment,7) Gihisukha, household life happiness, 8) Vatthanamukha, channels of growth, and 9) Ditthadhammikattha, virtues conducive to benefits in the  present. Whereas, there are three principles that contrast with the consumption in Buddhism: 1) Tanha, desire, 2) Akusalamula, root causes of bad deeds, and 3) Apayamukha, causes of ruins. Accordingly, applying of Buddhadhamma for solving the problems of youth consumerism in Ubonratchathani Province; there are the twenty samples in which ten students are studying in each institution; ten students at Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya University in Ubonratchathani Campus, and ten students are studying in Ubonratchathani Vocational College. All of the students accepted that all the aforesaid Buddhist principles for consumption that are effectively applicable for solving the consumerism problems.


The role of cities in fostering innovation has for long been taken for granted. Agglomeration and the knowledge spillovers generated in dense urban environments have been considered fundamental drivers of innovation. This view has, however, become challenged by research questioning the returns to physical agglomeration and local networking, placing instead more emphasis on the importance of interregional and international collaboration, and on innovation in peripheral regions. This paper delves into the debate on the role of cities for innovation by examining the interplay between urban location and local collaboration in Norway. It uses data from the Community Innovation Survey for 2006–2010 to map out the geographical dimension of R&D collaboration in Norwegian firms with a view to assessing whether different types of R&D collaboration in urban and rural locations affect firms' propensity to innovate. The results show that local collaboration is associated with increased process and organisational innovation, while it does not produce higher levels of product or marketing innovation. Conversely, international collaboration is connected with higher probabilities of product, new‐to‐market and marketing innovations. Furthermore, location in urban or rural areas makes no difference for most innovation outcomes in Norway when other characteristics are controlled for. Location in cities also does not shape the returns to local R&D collaboration. Hence, the role of cities for innovation in Norway, whether in themselves or as sites for dense local interaction, is less relevant than the urban innovation literature would predict.


available MDCT scans. The chest scans, generated by either a Siemens Sensation or Emotion scanner, were reconstructed at a resolution of 0.5 mm spacing with 0.75-mmthick two-dimensional axial-plane sections; axial-plane resolution was between 0.52 mm and 0.92 mm. We used the VNS for off-line procedure-planning and live imagebased guidance for ultrathin bronchoscopy, as described below.3 Experience with Image-Guided Ultrathin Bronchoscopy W.E. Higgins,1 R. Bascom,2 M.W. Graham,1,4 J.D. Gibbs,1,3 and D.C. Cornish1 Penn State University, 1College of Engineering, 2College of Medicine, 3Broncus Technologies, Inc., 4Google, Inc. ATS 2010, New Orleans, LA


The coatings on fruits after harvested was applied to maintain the appearance and quality up to the consumer's hands. This study aimed to maintain color and reduce the level of decay of salak madu during storage. Salak madu was obtained from Madding Fresh, trader and supplier salak from Sleman, Yogyakarta. The salak was coated with Aloe vera gel (20% and 50%) and beeswax (3, 6, and 10%). All samples were stored at 25–28 °C. The parameters used to measure the effect of treatment are skin color, percentage of decay, and weight loss. Observations were carried out for 12 days. The results of this study were found that dyeing on a coating made from Aloe vera 50% was able to slow down weight loss and percentage of decay until the 6 days, while Aloe vera 30% was better at maintaining color changes during storage. Beeswax 3% coating can slow down discoloration and percentage of decay until 6 days of storage. Long-term storage (12 days) with beeswax 10% was better in maintaining changes in the quality of salak madu, while for short-term storage (6 days), beeswax 3% gives better results.


In the study of diversity and distribution of Ephemeroptera in Gadana River and relationship between Ephemeropteran community and ecological factors, revealed a total of 2056 specimens belonging to 25 genera and 7 families. The diversity and distribution of Ephemeroptera were higher during the rainy season, contrasted with non-rainy period. The high scores of Shannon index and Simpson's index indicate that Gadana River is hale and healthy and it bolsters more diverse taxa. The pH values accomplish greatest range in the months of January and August; it legitimately impacts on diversity of mayflies. Leptophlebiidae and Baetidae were the most ubiquitous families present in the Gadana River. Canonical  Correspondence Analysis (CCA) shows that rainfall, pH, DO and water temperature were to be the significant stressor in altering the community structure of mayflies.


Criteria for the diagnosis of uraemia as a result of benign essential nephrosclerosis were established in a group of 12 patients, most of whom had a long history of inadequately treated hypertension, arteriosclerosis, cardiomegaly and mild proteinuria. They are representative of a larger group of patients with long-standing hypertension and uraemia, in whom a presumptive diagnosis of essential benign nephrosclerosis was made on clinical grounds, but in whom histological confirmation was not possible. Thus, while we have firmly established the occurrence of uraemia from benign hypertension, the incidence of this condition remains to be determined. S. Afr. Med. J ., 48, 953 (1974).


Interview with John Payne, Head Football Coach at ACU. In the interview, Coach Payne discusses his career in professional football and the upcoming ACU football season.


Assurance of the Integrated Management System in a state-run entity is determined through good practices and continuous improvement, evidenced in compliance of normativity with internal audit exercises in which nonconformities and opportunities of improvement for entity´s processes are identified, in such a way and reviewing the results, the goal to achieve is to determine reasons of recurrence of the nonconformities with the numerals 4.2.3 and 4.2.4 documented information of the NCTGP1000 [1] through the analysis of primary sources.
In order to determine reasons of recurrence of these findings, it has been made analysis and study of the internal audit reports for the years 2014, 2015, 2016 and the first quarter of 2017, as well as the choice of a sample to carry out a polls to internal auditors, promoters in assurance of the Integrated Management System and consultation to experts.
Main results found in the recurrence of the nonconformities, focuses on the public officials´ lack of awareness, nevertheless, centralized detection by the internal auditors of the negative findings, ware in paragraphs 4.2.3 and 4.2 .4 of the same standard, which focuses on control of documents and register. Similarly and giving scope to the analysis, it is determined that formulated actions for findings, don´t root attack the nonconformity directly.
In that way and given the standard clearness and that should not be given for interpretations, it is determined that according to the auditor´s circumstances, perception and judgment, a different approach to nonconformity can be generated.


Computer simulation of psychological processes presents a number of problems, which are too infrequently discussed explicitly. The most important of those are the relation between a program and the theory it embodies—it is often difficult to distinguish between the theoretically relevant aspects and those of a merely technical nature—and validation of program output. Some illustrations of the activity of detailed process simulation and some suggestions concerning validation are presented.


Visualization of urban mobility data can facilitate the analysis and the decision-making process by public managers. However, mobility datasets tend to be very large and pose several challenges to the use of visualization, such as algorithm scalability and data occlusion. One approach to solve this problem is trail bundling, which groups motion trails that are spatially close in a simplified representation. This paper presents the results of adapting and using a recent bundling technique on a big dataset of urban mobility in São Paulo. The results show that bundling allows the visualization of various mobility patterns in the city.


the leading edge of the information world everything is in available in form of digital media. Digital watermarking was introduced to provide the copy right protection and owners' authentication. Digital video watermarking is the process to embedding a digital code into digital video sequences. Digital video watermarking nothing but a sequence of consecutive still images. In recent few years the applications based on video like, pay-per-view, video-on-demand, video broadcasting are becomes more and more popular, so the requirement of a secure video distribution increases. In this paper, the concept of digital video watermarking, its terminology, principle, properties, applications, and classification is introduced. Classification is based on the types of key used for embedding/detecting purpose, types of carriers and the working domains of watermark embedding are included.


Objective To explore the diagnostic value of combined detection of TSGF,CYFRA21-1,NSE and D-D in lung cancer.Methods The serum levels of TSGF,CYFRA21-1,NSE and plasma D-D content in 55 patients with pulmonary benign disease,141 cases of patients with lung cancer and 62 health controls were detected by electrochemical luminescence and immune turbidity technology.The diagnosis sensitivity,specificity and accuracy by single of combination of detection were analyzed.Results The serum TSGF(77.5 ±11.83 U/mL),CYFRA21-1(13.67 ±5.52g/L),NSE(19.82 ±11.25g/L) and D-D(3.42 ±1.15 mg/L) in the patients with lung cancer group were significantly higher than that of lung benign disease group and control group(P0.01).Conclusion The combined detection of TSGF,CYFRA21-1,NSE and D-D could improve the sensitivity and accuracy,and might be a simple and effective detection method in lung cancer screening.


Social network analysis, a methodological approach to measuring and mapping relationships, can be used to study whole networks, all of the ties within a defined group, or connections that individuals have in their personal communities. This brief introduces the concepts behind SNA and illustrates how to use this method in process and outcome evaluations.


The apoptosis of hepatocyte and renal tabular epithelial cells of chickens infected with Marek′s disease virus (MDV) was observed with transmission electron microscope. The results showed that apoptosis could be seen in hepatocyte and renal tabular epithelial cells of the infected chickens. Under electron microscope, the apoptosis went through a multistaged process. At the early stage, the chromatin was condensed and marginated. At the intermediate stage, the chromatin condensation was very striking, the nucleus became condensed bodies. Then, it fragmented into serveral pieces. At the final stage, apototic bodies formed. The more serious the infiltration of tumor cells was, the more obvious the apoptosis in the tissue was. In the cytoplasm, the endoplasmic reticulum swelled and vacuolized, concentric laminar body and autophagosomes formed. The changes of mitochondrions were not significant. 


: Noether approach is applied to derive the conserved quantities for two non-variational third order systems of partial differential equation (PDEs) i.e. bi-Hamiltonian Boussinesq system and system of dispersive wave equations. To apply Noether approach we use a transformation to convert the considered systems into variational problems and thus standard Lagrangian for each variational system is reported. Further, inverse transformation is applied to get the corresponding conserved quantities for the considered non-variational problems.


The activation of the shape-memory effect of nanocomposites (NC) by alternating magnetic fields requires exceeding the switching temperature Ts. Different factors, which can influence this process, have been investigated. The intrinsic properties of magnetic nanoparticles (MNP), their content and distribution in the polymer matrix as well as the heat transport conditions, which are essentially determined by the surface to volume ratio (S/V) of the specimens and their surroundings, influence the achievable temperature in an alternating magnetic field. We used MNP having an iron (II, III) oxide core embedded in amorphous silica, which was homogeneously distributed in a polymer matrix by extrusion moulding. The thermoplastic polymer matrix consists either of an aliphatic polyetherurethane (TFX) for demonstration of the basic correlations between magnetic field and the sample, or of a biodegradable multiblock copolymer (PDC), which is prepared from hard segment forming poly(p-dioxanone)diol (PPDO), switching segment forming poly(ε-caprolactone)diol (PCL) and 2,2(4),4-trimethylhexanediisocyanate (TMDI) as a junction unit. We could demonstrate that a nanoparticle content up to 10 wt% does not decisively change the shape-memory properties or mechanical properties of PDC-based materials.


Abstract : A review of acquisition program outcomes would make it appear that many acquisition programs are destined to experience recurring schedule slips and cost overruns, and produce poor quality systems. We decry these circumstances, but the acquisition community has had limited success in correcting them. However, the analysis of data collected from assessments of many software acquisition programs has produced insights into some of the most common recurring counter-productive program behaviors. One result of this research has been the identification of a set of misaligned incentives that are a significant force in driving acquisition programs toward poor performance. These types of incentives affect all aspects of acquisition programs, including the competitive forces that are meant to reduce acquisition costs. The system for acquiring defense systems has many misaligned incentives that unintentionally promote program outcomes which are in direct conflict with the stated intent of the acquisition system. These occur in all phases of acquisition, from pre-award to sustainment. Some scenarios illustrating the unintended consequences of acquisition competition include * The consolidation of multiple needs into single joint acquisition programs that contractors must underbid to win creates schedule pressure that drives cost and schedule overruns, and encourages stakeholder programs to opt out, undermining the value of the joint program. * Short-term performance incentives at the program management office can forestall sustainment planning, often omitting contractual delivery of key sustainment tooling--and as a result, may inadvertently lock in the development contractor as the only viable choice for sustainment. This paper illustrates each of these dynamics with a narrative of the experience of an acquisition program, drawn from personal interviews with the program office and contractor staff.


: In this study, a force reflection control structure is developed for the surgery training haptic system. In the surgery training haptic system, the surgical operation is cooperatively performed by a trainer and a trainee. The participation of each surgeon in the operation is established through their own haptic consoles. Although the operation is primarily performed by the trainee, the trainer is able to interfere into the procedure in case of observing any deviation on the part of trainee and correct the probable mistakes. To transform the task authority between the trainer and the trainee, the hand force of the trainer is reflected to the hands of the trainee. Utilizing the haptic system, the position of the trainee is transformed to the hands of the trainer, thus the trainer has necessary information regarding the current position of the surgical operation. Stabilizing controllers are developed for each haptic console. The stability of the closed loop system is analyzed using the Input-to-State Stability (ISS) approach. The simulation results confirmed the appropriate performance of the proposed structure.


Hani/Akhais the oldest one of the nationalities in our country 's southwest and south peninsula.Shangshu Yugong recorded that "Heyi"belongs to southwest nation,although this is not a national special term,it includes ancestors of "Hani ".Since "Heyi" appears,the migration route of Hani from north to south is clearly discernable.Most are concentrated in the southern mountain areas of Yunnan province of the upstream of Red River and the upper Mekong Lancangjiang,a few moved to Vietnam,Lao,China-Myanmar border areas and the Thai-Myanmar border areas.This paper not only explains the domestic and foreign Hani/Akha's historical nationality names,and also reveals the secret history of migration.


Since the reform and opening up,the level of urbanization has increased year by year,but the proportion of residents' consumption demand in GDP is a decreasing function.There are some arguments about the question among scholars.Based on the scholars' opinions,this essay studies these papers from the theories background,suggestions,and summarize the research trends and forecasts the research trend of related questions on China's urbanization and residents' consumption demand.


Deep self-folding cavitands have been shown to stabilize the charged enolate intermediate of the alpha-deuteration of activated olefins by means of a network of organized solvation.


Summary Living parental thymus cells injected into heavily irradiated F1 hybrid recipients augmented erythropoiesis resulting from transplanted bone marrow from the same, but not the second, parental strain. The augmentation increased as parental thymus cell dose was increased. Thymus cells alone, regardless of origin, gave rise to no erythropoiesis. When recipient spleen weight, 8 days after marrow transplantation, was used as a criterion of marrow growth, the data for parental cell doses 4 × 107 and above paralleled those from 59Fe-uptake studies in the same mice. Parental thymus cells were effective even when administered 1 to 2 days before or after the marrow transplant.


This study deals with the vocational education policy with the objective of evaluating
the implementation of the National Program for Access to Technical Education and
Employment - PRONATEC in the 2012 period - 2015, seeking to describe its results.
To achieve this objective, the research design used was the descriptive statistics,
aided by the use of secondary data collected in the 2012-2015 Multi-Year Plan of the
Federal Government, major actions and responsibility programs of the Ministry of
Education and through the analysis of standards and documentation produced by
federal managers to implement the Pronatec. As the unit of analysis, we used the
transfers of the Professional Education Program and Technology between 2012 and
2015 and the targets set for achieving the goals set in the plan. Therefore, the main
results indicate that aggregate implementation of Pronatec mode in the period 20122015
did not take place efficiently, with respect to budget execution and the
fulfillment of goals, and reaching only some of the foreseen in the law program
creation . However, if we use as reference the actions of programs, we realize that
there are effective Islands. That is, the fact that actions have been shown to have a
high performance transfer budget, based on what was provided.


Hydrological simulations under climate change scenarios can be a useful tool to understand how a change in global climate could affect the availability and variability of regional water resources and water quality. The main goal of current study is to assess the impacts of climate change on water resources and sediment loads in cold climate condition of Ontario. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was selected to evaluate the impacts of climate change in Canagagigue Creek watershed in Ontario. The climate scenario under consideration in this study is based on CRCM, PRECIS which generated outputs under A1B for Ontario corresponding to the baseline (1960-1990), mid-century (2015-2065) and end-century (2065-2095). The results demonstrated that SWAT model adequately simulated the hydrology and water quality of the watersheds and performed satisfactory results. SWAT simulations results indicate that for the Canagagigue watershed, in general, the climate of the study area will be warmer and wetter. The increase in min/max temperatures in winter leads to more rainfall-dominated regime and less snowfall. This will result an increase in length of the growing season. Therefore, the climate change seems to alter both magnitude and seasonality of flow. In general climate change effects more spring and winter hydrology than summer hydrology. The results show that the annual flow is expected to increase significantly in future, which leads to an increase in the sediment load at the in the stream.


In this paper,the uncertainty evaluation method was established for the determination of benzoic acid in dry whole milk by HPLC, and the factors contributing to the uncertainty were also analyzed. The results showed that based on GB 21703-2010, the content of benzoic acid in dry whole milk was X=(2.04±0.06)mg/kg,K=2. The uncertainty of this experiment were mainly caused by measurement repeatability and recovery, while other factors had less effect.


This article gives an overview of the Incident Management Program for I-25 in the City of Pueblo, Colorado. This project is reflective of an Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) and incident management application in a small urban area.


We also recommend an alternate method for evaluating human health risk than that selected by the Agency. We describe an ED10 (estimated dose for 10 percent response) method for evaluating excess lifetime cancer risk for three of the tumor types found at statistically significant levels in animals dosed with PFOA. We also describe a Benchmark Dose (BMD) methodology for non-cancer risk assessment recommended by the National Academy of Sciences as the preferred approach in a situation analogous to that for PFOA, in which a dose without harmful effect has not been identified for lowdose endpoints, and for which risk levels are defined on the basis of concentrations in blood (2). This method was also selected by 3M in its recently published evaluation of human health risks from PFOA exposures (3).


The optical injection of charge and spin currents are investigated in Ge$_{1-x}$Sn$_{x}$ semiconductors as a function of Sn content. These emerging silicon-compatible materials enable the modulation of these processes across the entire mid-infrared range. Under the independent particle approximation, the one- and two-photon interband absorption processes are elucidated, and the evolution of the coherent control is discussed for three different polarization configurations. To evaluate the contribution of high-energy transitions, a full-zone 30-band k$\cdot$p is employed in the calculations. It was found that, besides the anticipated narrowing of the direct gap and the associated shift of the absorption to longer wavelengths, incorporating Sn in Ge also increases the one-photon degree of spin polarization (DSP) at the $E_1$ resonance. Moreover, as the Sn content increases, the magnitude of the response tensors near the band edge exhibits an exponential enhancement. This behavior can be attributed to the Sn incorporation-induced decrease in the carrier effective masses. This trend appears to hold also at the $E_1$ resonance for pure spin current injection, at least at low Sn compositions. The two-photon DSP at the band edge exceeds the value in Ge to reach 60 % at a Sn content above 14 %. These results demonstrate that Ge$_{1-x}$Sn$_{x}$ semiconductors can be exploited to achieve the quantum coherent manipulation in the molecular fingerprint region relevant to quantum sensing.


NASA is currently conducting flight tests of a remotely piloted subscale advanced fighter configuration as part of the Highly Maneuverable Aircraft Technology (HiMAT) program. This paper describes the initial development, user modification, and flight test experience of a back-up control system (BCS) contained within one of two onboard microprocessors. The development of the BCS proceeded in two distinct steps: the initial contractor development of control laws and logic to satisfy BCS design objectives, and user modifications required to satisfy operational requirements. A brief resume of flight qualification procedures and pilot comments is presented.


Smart transformative services such as digital contact tracing apps are a means to offer transformative and economic value by selfmonitoring contacts and improving the well-being of users, while also reducing concerns when using services during pandemics such as COVID-19. In this study, we identify significant factors as well as communication and promotion strategies to encourage digital contact tracing app nonusers to use such apps in order to benefit from their value-creating potential. This research contributes to transformative service literature by identifying digital contact tracing apps as a means to regain confidence in using services during a pandemic, thereby offering transformative and economic value. By integrating two trust dimensions as meaningful mediators, this research sheds light on the conditions under which social influence and Internet privacy concerns influence nonusers' usage intention. Moreover, the results not only identify significant factors influencing intended app usage but also reveal strategies for increasing actual app usage.


True rubrics feature criteria appropriate to an assessment's purpose, and they describe these criteria across a continuum of performance levels. The presence of both criteria and performance level descriptions distinguishes rubrics from other kinds of evaluation tools (e.g., checklists, rating scales). This paper reviewed studies of rubrics in higher education from 2005 to 2017. The types of rubrics studied in higher education to date have been mostly analytic (considering each criterion separately), descriptive rubrics, typically with four or five performance levels. Other types of rubrics have also been studied, and some studies called their assessment tool a "rubric" when in fact it was a rating scale. Further, for a few (7 out of 51) rubrics, performance level descriptions used rating-scale language or counted occurrences of elements instead of describing quality. Rubrics using this kind of language may be expected to be more useful for grading than for learning. Finally, no relationship was found between type or quality of rubric and study results. All studies described positive outcomes for rubric use.


PROGNOSIS. Until 1890, when laparotomy first was systematically employed as a means of treatment in this class of injuries, the mortality was a very high one. In 1887 Edler collected 96 cases (uncomplicated) of rupture of the liver, of which 21, or 21.8 per cent., recovered and 75, or 78 per cent., died. Of rupture of the spleen (uncomplicated) only 8 recovered spontaneously, or 15.8 per cent., and 44, or 84.6 per cent., died. Of ruptures of the kidney (uncomplicated) there were 55 cases, of which 36, or 65 per cent., recovered and 19, or 35 per cent., died. Since laparotomy was not performed in any case the recoveries must be regarded as spontaneous ones. In 1896 Petry collected 160 ruptures of the intestine, of which 149, or 93 per cent., died and 11, or 7 per cent., recovered. He also collected 23 perforations of the stomach due to subcutaneous


The cooling device uses a counter-flow principle with a vertical cylindrical pressure vessel (23) containing a helix steam generator with its wound pipe (30) occupying the space between inner and outer mantles (26,41). The wound pipe is supplied with water (12) at its bottom end and provides steam (14) at its upper end. The cooling air (11) is fed through the interior of the inner mantle and passed through the space between the mantles from top to bottom.


Online Information Services (OISs) have become an important medium for meeting the information needs of consumers for e-commerce purposes. Yet, there is little existing research that has investigated the factors which govern users' intentions to adopt OISs. The study addresses this gap. Data collected from 511 users of a travel company OIS in Taiwan through a cross-sectional survey were analysed using the Structural Equation Modelling technique. It was found that: (a) subjective norms manifested through social influences, information sharing and word-of-mouth directly influence the Behavioural Intention (BI) to adopt and, (b) social interaction in the form of 'networking' among users is not associated with the BI or with the Trust of the service provider to adopt OIS. The results extend earlier research by showing that social media interactions underpinned by subjective norms are significant in influencing adoption behaviours. Evidence is provided that people's behaviours are shaped by how they will be perceived by people they trust or wish to be aligned with. Therefore, subjective norms should be viewed from users' networks perspective, rather than broad societal context. Managers need to focus on social networks made up of people with close alignments and common interests, where people look to each other to maintain a level of positive perception and trust. Simply focussing on social networks composed of loose relationships may neither lead to trust nor affect the behavioural intentions of users. The work offers empirical evidence of the design factors that can encourage OISs adoption.


A combined experimental and theoretical study of very low-energy electron diffraction at the (0001) surface of ${2\mathrm{H}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{N}\mathrm{b}\mathrm{S}\mathrm{e}}_{2}$ is presented. Electron transmission spectra have been measured for energies up to 50 eV above the Fermi level with ${\mathbf{k}}^{||}$ varying along the $\ensuremath{\Gamma}K$ line of the Brillouin zone. Ab initio calculations of the spectra have been performed with the extended linear augmented plane-wave $\mathbf{k}\ensuremath{\cdot}\mathbf{p}$ method. The experimental spectra are interpreted in terms of three-dimensional (3D) ${\mathbf{k}}^{||}$-resolved one-electron band structure. Special attention is paid to the quasiparticle lifetimes; by comparing the broadening of the spectral structures in the experimental and the calculated spectra, the energy dependence of the optical potential $\ensuremath{-}{\mathrm{iV}}_{\mathrm{i}}$ is determined. A sharp increase of ${V}_{\mathrm{i}}$ at 20 eV is detected, which is associated with a plasmon peak in the Im$[\ensuremath{-}1/\ensuremath{\varepsilon}]$ function. Furthermore, the electron energy-loss spectrum and the reflectivity of ${\mathrm{NbSe}}_{2}$ are calculated ab initio and compared with the optical experiments. The obtained information on the dispersions and lifetimes of the unoccupied states is important for photoemission studies of the 3D band structure of the valence band.


SUMMARY : The present research work deals with the limnology of two ground water samples selected from in and around Kinwat region, dist. Nanded. Total ten physico chemical parameters such as total dissolved solids, sulphate, pH, dissolved oxygen biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, total hardness, chlorides, calcium and magnesium were tested for a period of one year. Considering all the aspects and problems from the present study, it was concluded that there must be regular monitoring of water quality is necessary.


We investigate the electrical and thermal conduction properties of low- (ON) and high-resistance (OFF) states in Pt/NiOx/Pt based unipolar ReRAM devices during cooling and warming cycles between 300 and 180 K. The conduction electron-trap activation energy was found to decrease upon warming. Although thermal cycling did not significantly affect the average resistance-temperature coefficient of the Pt diffused conductive filaments in the system, the ON-state resistance fluctuations increase at high temperatures, indicating that ambient temperature significantly affects the sizes of the formed filaments. The mechanism behind these thermally activated changes is discussed.


Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (SZC, formerly ZS‐9) is a selective K+ binder to treat adults with hyperkalaemia. HARMONIZE‐Global examined the efficacy and safety of SZC among outpatients with hyperkalaemia from diverse geographic and ethnic origins.


: This paper designs and implements a parallel programming environment——POVPE that based on CORBA.It distributs the functional modules of traditional programming environment into distributed environment and implements the interactive between these modules with CORBA.This paper introduces the function and architecture of this system.Emphasis is given to such key technologies as thin client,real-time remote compile and off-line run.At the same time,this paper gives the implementation with respect to language.


In Web societies,many obstacles are met in the development of norms governing behavior.First of all,there is a contradiction between the global Internet and the regional cultures.The international crimes on the Internet reguire a set of laws valid worldwide,but this is difficultly operated because countries differ greatly in terms of national interests,cultures,values,and the levels of economic development.Due to the lack of institutional support,it is difficult for the systems of norms goveming behavior on the Internet to be coercively enforced,and because of the absence of groups meting out moral sanctions and the fact that the netuser as a social actor tending to play only one role in a given Web society,moral constraints on his/her behavior is greatly reduced.It is difficult for the customs to take shape in Web societies because of the lack of proper conditions for the formation.However,if the development of norms governing behavior on the Internet lags behind too far,the healthy development of Web societies will be affected.


Since the majority of pipelines in China are required to be installed underground, external corrosion becomes a major threat to their useful lifetime. The factors affecting the likelihood and severity of external corrosion of buried pipelines includes soil corrosivity, coatings, presence of moisture (e.g., river crossing), electrical fields, cathodic protection system, coatings, etc. In order to help understand the potential impact of this problem, a survey of a 70-km gas pipeline was conducted, including measurements of soil corrosivity, soil resistivity, stray electrical currents, IR drop, depth of cover, coating integrity, and the effectiveness of cathodic protection. Additional information was collected regarding interference potential by Pipeline Current Mapper (PCM), Closed Interval Potential Survey (CIPS), and Direct Current Voltage Gradient (DCVG) techniques. The collected information was integrated into a database which was used to build a non-linear model using the Support Vector Machine (SVM) method. By investigating the non-linear relationship among these factors with respect to their influence on the external corrosion of pipelines, it is possible to predict the most likely locations of external corrosion along other pipelines. The model was applied to another (50 km) pipeline and the results indicate the method is accurate and efficient.


4702 Background: Thalidomide's anti-RCC activity, the potential that its immunomodulatory and anti-angiogenic effects may augment the antitumor activity of IL-2, and the promising early efficacy and safety findings observed with the combination of low dose sc IL-2 plus thalidomide therapy in the treatment of patients with metastatic RCC (ASCO, 2003) form the foundation for the current study. GM-CSF increases the number and activity of macrophages, which may provide a means to enhance the immune system against tumor cells, thus improving the antitumor activity of thalidomide plus IL-2. Methods: Eligibility includes histologic diagnosis of confirmed RCC excluding papillary, sarcomatoid, or collecting duct tumors, measurable disease, normal organ/marrow function, life expectancy >3 months, Zubrod performance status ≤ 2, no prior chemotherapy or immunotherapy, and no active CNS disease. Thalidomide was started at 200 mg after 48 hours to 400 mg at week zero. IL-2 at 7 mIu/m2 and GM-CSF at 250 mcg/m2 were give...


Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. Boston College is an equal opportunity, affirmative action employer. Acknowledgments This report is the culmination of effort by many individuals who contributed their considerable expertise, energy, and creativity. We are grateful to the National Science Foundation for funding this important analysis of the TIMSS data. As our project officer, Larry Suter was extremely helpful in guiding the project. We also thank Elizabeth Van der Putten, who carried out Larry's role as our project officer while he was on sabbatical, for her guidance and support. played a critical role in the scale anchoring analysis. Without their expertise and the energy they devoted to reviewing the TIMSS items and drafting descriptions, this report would not have been possible. We also thank United States panel members, for their work comparing the benchmarks with the NCTM Standards. Their expertise in mathematics education in the United States made the analysis possible. We also would like to thank all of the panel members, and in particular Mary Lindquist, for the time and energy they spent reviewing the results of the analyses. Many people at the TIMSS International Study Center at Boston College played important roles in this project and were critical to the production of this report. Eugenio Gonzalez provided guidance in the analysis plans for the scale anchoring analysis and directed the programming for the scale anchoring analysis. Ce Shen constructed and managed the database and Isaac Li assisted with data entry and verification. Kathleen O'Connor worked with the mathematics panel in developing the benchmark descriptions and comparing the benchmarks with the NCTM Standards. Amanda Waterman prepared materials for the panel meetings. The analysis of the TIMSS science results was conducted in parallel with mathematics and thus the two companion reports benefited mutually from each other. We would like to specially acknowledge Teresa Smith, who coordinated the science report, for her contribution to this report. Thomas Hoffmann provided his creative expertise in the design and production of the cover and layout of the report.


Review(s) of: The Afterlife of Images: (The River of Big Torrents), by Larissa N. Heinrich, Taipei, Tianxia Wenhua, 2009, 600 pp.


An 3D elastic-plastic rough contact solution and code is developed using a modified semi-analytical method. It is supposed that the total surface deflection is induced by the contact pressure and plastic strain. The purely elastic contact and the influence of the plastic deformation are calculated iteratively until convergence is satisfied. The distributions of contact pressure, residual stress and plastic strain are obtained through simulation. The effects of roughness and plastic hardening upon the pressure distribution are discussed.© 2005 ASME


The training targets of the norms of the civil engineering majors required by the construction markets after china's entering the WTO are analyzed. The major courses offered in the university are dealt with and a series of engineering management courses are suggested according to the training targets of Hunan City College in order to improve the students' engineering management ability by putting them into teaching practice.


On 24 June 1985 the U.S. Navy's Deep Submergence Rescue
Vehicle AVALON [DSRV-2] was used to locate low-level
radioactive waste containers and make observations of
deepwater benthic fishes and invertebrates at the 900 m (2952 ft) radioactive waste disposal site approximat1y 4.4 km SW of the Farallon Islands off San Francisco, California. During the three hours on the bottom in depths of 975 to 1039 m (3198 to 3408 ft) five identifiable species of demersal fishes were observed: Dover sole, Microstomus pacificus; thornyheads, Sebastolobus spp.; deepsea sole, Embassichthys bathybius; sablefish, Anoplopoma fimbria; and Pacific hagfish, Eptatretus stoutii. Unidentifiable demersal fishes from the families Macrouridae and Zoarcidae were also
observed. Several species of macroinvertebrates were also
identified, including the tanner crab, Chionoecetes tanneri,
and a large sea pen, Stylatula elongata. One low-level waste
container was located. The biology of the observed fishes and their commercial importance is discussed. (22pp.)


The work considers the solution to the urgent problem of reloading grain into vehicles and reducing its damage. The possibility of throwing grain at a given range by creating an appropriate ballistic flight path by adjusting the speed of the electric drive of the belt when it is powered by a frequency converter is substantiated. The problem of reducing the focus of grain scattering by forming the flow of grain and controlling its movement not only when moving on the belt, but also after the separation of the flow and its movement in the air. Focusing of the lower layer is achieved by giving it an additional initial speed, which is provided by the air flow from the fan installed under the belt. For the frequency converter of the electric drive of the fan, in the form of a regression model, the control law which considers parameters of grain and necessary range of transportation is synthesized. Experiment planning theory was used to synthesize the control law.


Melioidosis is a communicable disease caused by the gram-negative bacterium of Burkholderia pseudomallei. There were founded in soil, water and mammals. In 2017, Thailand was highest a prevalence of Melioidosis at Northeast area. The aimed of this study were to determine the factors affecting the prevalence of Melioidosis. According to sample, there was 265 patients, who has diagnosed by IHA/IFA in 2018-2019. The results showed that the majority of the samples 67.17% were male, 31.32% were agriculture, and 41.89% had underlying disease. The factors associated with the prevalence of disease in the area were: Sex (p-value 0.019, 95%CI = 1.108 - 3.132), household environment (p-value 0.025, 95%CI = 0.163 - 0.885), patient exposure [p-value= 0.001, 95%CI = 0.186 – 0.644), smoking (p-value <0.001, 95%CI = 1.468 – 2.914), underlying disease (p-value<0.001, 95%CI = 1.48 – 4.047), season (p-value 0.016, 95%CI = 1.112 – 2.763), perceived susceptibility (p-value<0.001, 95%CI = 0.207 - 0.726) and perceived severity (p-value 0.005, 95%CI = 0.416 – 0.854). Finally, establishing people aware of the risk of disease combined with these surveillances should be carried out using a geographic map that monitors risk areas, so that can prevent and control Melioidosis appropriately for people at risk area.


A feeling for the gods going beyond the gods the love which moves the sun the God of the philosophers the poet of the world the darkness between stars the personal ground of being.


Eric Forbes has dedicated more than a decade toward editing and translating the work of Tobias Mayer, and the present biography represents the culmination of those patient researches. It would be wrong to dismiss Tobias Mayer as a 'secondary' figure in the history of science, he concludes, and in this account he describes the Hanoverian virtuoso as a child prodigy who became a leading cartographer and surveyor, and ultimately a professor ofastronomy at Gottingen. There he earned his greatest fame with his lunar tables, which eventually, after his premature death at age thirty-nine, won part of the longitude prize from the English parliament. Forbes places this contribution in a broader context: we see Mayer at work with a large Bird mural quadrant, trying to eliminate the errors in the positions of the zodiacal stars, errors that prevented the lunar observations from being tallied as correctly as his tables were actually predicting them. We also see Mayer constructing a repeating circle so that better lunar observations could be recorded aboard ships. And beyond this we see Mayer lecturing on topics ranging from artillery to the theory of colours. To document Mayer's accomplishments, Forbes includes mathematical analyses, a long list of lecture topics, and occasional lengthy extracts from original sources. He prints Mayer's long but interesting commentary on problems in Ptolemy's work, but he doesn't mention that this is a letter previously published in his The Euler-Mayer correspondence. Certainly the biography would have been more readable if some of this extensive documentation had been relegated to footnotes or appendices. Quite apart from such stylistic quibbles, we have to ask if Forbes has convinced us that Mayer is of more than secondary importance. This depends entirely on where one draws the line. Halley, Herschel, Euler, and Laplace are surely far more interesting and important eighteenth-century astronomers. On the other hand, Mayer surely outranks Thomas Wright, Messier, Bode, or Rittenhouse. From a twentieth-century perspective, Bradley's discoveries are more memorable than Mayer's, and Mayer's more so than Lacaille's. Does this make him more than secondary? Die Kunst ist lang, das Leben kurz, ... die Gelegenheitfliichtig (Goethe, quoting Hipparchus).


The genesis of soils developed from hard gypsum rocks in the northern taiga of European Russia is considered. These soils are formed by the following processes: surface accumulation of a low-ash litter and raw humus, humus formation from roots and fungal hyphae, local migration of humus compounds, physical disintegration, dissolution, leaching, and local accumulation of gypsum in the form of coatings. Pedogenesis on hard gypsum is a model of a bio-abiotic exogenous process that does not form stable mineral products. The existence of the soil profile is possible provided that the rates of physical disintegration of hard gypsum rocks and formation of loose gypsum fine earth are higher than the gypsum dissolution rate. The synthesis of calcium carbonates in the soil profile that is often mentioned in literature is not observed: calcite in calcareous varieties of gypsum-bearing soils is inherited from the parent rock.


Recent studies suggest that sphincter of Oddi dysfunction (SOD) is one of the possible causes of unexplained recurrent acute pancreatitis in children. A 14-year-old boy who had suffered from idiopathic recurrent acute pancreatitis was diagnosed with SOD. Abdominal ultrasonography, computerized tomography, and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography revealed no evidence of stone, tumor, or pancreatic ductal anomaly. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and sphincter of Oddi manometry (SOM) revealed elevated basal pressure and tachyoddia consistent with SOD. Hence, an endoscopic pancreatic sphincterotomy was performed. We report a case of recurrent acute pancreatitis associated with SOD in a child. ERCP and SOM may be considered in patients with multiple unexplained attacks of pancreatic pain and negative abdominal imaging. (Korean J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2008; 11: 193∼197)


The author is grateful for the time and thought reflected in the referee's comments regarding this paper. They will lead to improved discussion in the revised paper. However, I believe that these comments are incorrect in some respects, as detailed below, and very importantly miss the significant value of the analysis presented. U.S. policy makers must set national ambient air quality standards (NAAQS) for criteria air pollutants including ozone. A major uncertainty they face is the contribution to measured ambient concentrations made by transported background ozone. Currently policy makers must rely on estimates of the background ozone contribution calculated by models


Introduction. The WHODAS 2.0 questionnaire is used internationally to assess disability. The goal was to perform a cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Ukrainian version of WHODAS 2.0, and examine the tool's efficacy, particularly for screening studies. Methods. The participants of the study were cadets ( n = 256, age – 18–21 years). This study used the Ukrainian versions of WHO Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (36 items, self-administered, WHODAS) and Medical Outcomes Study: 36-Item Short Form Survey (MOS SF-36). The WHODAS was translated according to the WHO protocol. The level of disability, quality of life, and complaints of injuries and pain during training were assessed. Results. Translation into Ukrainian of WHODAS was conducted. The overall score of the WHODAS questionnaire correlates with the values of the MOS SF-36 questionnaire scales. Numerous negative moderate or significant correlations were found between virtually all MOS SF-36 questionnaire scales and WHODAS domains. The strength and number of correlations in the study group were lower than in populations with significant health disorders. The level of vitality, fatigue and low efficiency were critical for the respondents. Conclusions. The Ukrainian version of the 36-item WHODAS questionnaire is easy to use and is suitable for use in the form of interviews to assess the health, functioning, and disability of the general population. This tool will contribute to the more effective clinical practice of clinical professionals, in particular in rehabilitation, and will enable the integration of research results related to the assessment of the level of disability at the national and international levels.


This paper addresses the optimization of power at the circuit level in the main blocks of CMOS APS image sensors. A pixel bias current of zero during the readout period is shown to reduce the static power and enhance the settling time of the pixel. A balanced operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) has been demonstrated to be a better candidate as an amplifier when employed in a correlated double sampling (CDS) circuit or as a comparator in an analog-to-digital (A/D) converter, as compared to a Miller two-stage amplifier. Using common-mode feedback (CMFB) in an OTA can further reduce the quiescent power of the amplifier. The low power capability of a CMFB OTA is discussed in this paper by performing a comparison with a conventional OTA using a 0.18 μm technology.


The structures of 14 products derived from the selenium dehydrogenation of manool have been determined. The formation and disappearance of these compounds in the dehydrogenation mixture is discussed.


Using the anaerobic digester gas as a fuel, fuel cells have the potential to provide significant environmental and economic benefits. A molten carbonate fuel cell power plant was installed in the municipal sewage works of Tancheon in Seoul. The fuel cell unit operates on anaerobic digester gas and provides power and heat for the sewage works. This is the first project of its kind in Korea. This article outlines the experiences of gas purification process with planning, installation and operation. The engineering and installation phase is described regarding to the special features of digester gas, for example impurities in gas composition. Such impurities would be harmful to fuel cells. Operational results from the field test with a gas purification process plant were presented in this paper.


The implementation of lightweight high-performance motion systems in lithography applications imposes among others lower requirements on actuators, amplifiers, and cooling. However, the decreased stiffness of lightweight designs brings the effect of structural flexibilities to the fore especially when the so-called point of interest is not at a fixed location. This is for example the case when exposing a silicon wafer. To deal with structural flexibilities, a feedforward controller is proposed that combines two concepts: (a) continuous compliance compensation control and (b) snap feedforward control. Expanded to a subclass of LTV motion systems, the resulting controller compensates for the position-dependent and time-varying compliance of a flexible structure. The compliance function used will be derived using partial differential equations (PDE). The method is validated by simulation results.


The effect of outdiffusion of Mn interstitials from (Ga,Mn)As epitaxial layers, caused by post-growth low-temperature annealing, on their electronic- and band-structure properties has been investigated by modulation photoreflectance (PR) spectroscopy. The annealing-induced changes in structural and magnetic properties of the layers were examined with high-resolution X-ray diffractometry and superconducting quantum interference device magnetometry, respectively. They confirmed an outdiffusion of Mn interstitials from the layers and an enhancement in their hole concentration, which were more efficient for the layer covered with a Sb cap acting as a sink for diffusing Mn interstitials. The PR results demonstrating a decrease in the band-gap-transition energy in the as-grown (Ga,Mn)As layers, with respect to that in the reference GaAs one, are interpreted by assuming a merging of the Mn-related impurity band with the GaAs valence band. Whereas an increase in the band-gap-transition energy caused by the anneal...


This article analyses how policy changes affect shareholder wealth by exploiting the unexpected German reaction to the Japanese nuclear disaster. Event study results show that energy companies' shareholder wealth was affected by the policy reaction and not by the disaster.


This paper deals with six species of Apanteles Forster from China. Among them, two species are described as new to science and four species are recorded for the first time. All type specimens are deposited in the Hunan Agricultural College.Apanteles phragmataeciae You et Zhou sp. nov. (figs. 1-3)This species belongs to the thompsoni-group (Papp, 1976), and is colsely related to the-Apameles ihompsoni Lyle, but differs from the latter in that the antenna is longer than the combined length of head, thorax, and 1st segment of abdomen; 2nd section of discoidal vein of fore wing is about 2 times longer than 1st one; hind tibial spurs equal in length, less than half the length of the basal joint of the hind tarsus; the disc of 2nd tergite smooth, with longitudinal striation within its sulci.Male: Similar to female in many respects except for sexual differences.Length: (?) 2.2-2.3 mm, (?) 2.0 mm.Host: Gregarious parasites of Phragmataecia castaneae (Hubner); cocoons white, found in-large group covered with white fluff and inside the reed or amur silvergrass stem.Type: Holotype (?), allotype (?), paratypes 17 (?) 4 0V, Nanxian, Hunan Province, V. 30_ 1983, collected by Wang Zong-dian Yang Zhen-xiu.Apanteles chiloniponellae You et Wang sp. nov. (figs. 4-6)This species belongs to the glomeratus-groups (Nixon, 1965), and is similar to Apanteles-ferrugineus Marshall, but it is different from the latter by: Ocelli in low triangle; propodeon without median longitudinal ridge; inner spur of hind tibia about 1/4 the length of the basal joint of the hind tarsus; ovipositor sheath almost conceal in hypopygium. Further more, this species differs from A. ferrugineus Marshall in the morphological characters of 1st and 2nd-tergites of abdomen.Male: Much darker than female.Length: (?) 2.4 mm.Host: Chilo niponella (Thunberg).Type: Holotype (?), allotype (?), paratypes 16 (?), 1(?), Hanshou, Hunan Province, Ⅳ. 25.. 1983, collected by Wang Zong-dian. paratypes 32 (?), 10 (?), Shishou, Hubei Province, Ⅵ- VIII, 1987, collected by Xu Guan-jun Ceng Xian-shun. Apanteles pieridis (Bouche), New Record Host: Colias sp.Distribution: Shandong: Jinan, Ⅶ. 17. 1982. Apanteles corbetti Wilkinson, New Record Distribution: Guangxi: Beiliu, Ⅴ. 8. 1980. Apanteles papilionis Viereck, New Record Host: Papilio sp.Distribution: Yunnan: Menhai, Ⅹ. 9. 1981. Projects Supported by the Science Fund of the Academia Sinica.


SUMMARY. 1. It is argued that modern limnology is excessively concerned with the study of fresh waters in the northern temperate region. Limnology has been and is unbalanced in its interests and emphases and, as a result, many widely held limnological concepts need revision.

2. The genesis of the argument is outlined. It involved the initial assumption that Australia was limnologically distinctive. Later, it was realized that since most of the world is arid, semi-arid, tropical or semi-tropical, Australia was much less distinctive than originally thought.

3. Other limnological assumptions considered in the paper concern saline lakes and salinization, the importance and nature of temporary bodies of standing fresh water, biological diversity in tropical fresh waters, the evolutionary importance of permanent freshwater lakes, and the global applicability of the River Continuum Concept. Consideration suggests that some widely-held views on these matters are erroneous.

4. Thus, saline lakes are more important (scientifically, commercially), widespread and numerous environments than is generally thought. Salinization is a significant environmental hazard for many rivers in semiarid regions. Temporary bodies of standing fresh water are geographically widespread and abundant aquatic environments with high species diversity, and in which many species have restricted distributions and low dispersal abilities. Biological diversity appears to be low in tropical fresh waters. Permanent freshwater lakes are perhaps less important loci for the evolution of the freshwater biota than generally thought, temporary fresh waters more so. Finally, the River Continuum does not seem to be applicable to many running waters outside the north temperate region.

5. A number of suggestions are made of how a better balance in limnology may be arrived at: how a more globally comprehensive intellectual framework may be built. Suggestions include: an increased awareness of the frequently different natures of waters within and beyond the northern temperate region; recognition of the potential benefits to be gained from the study of waters outside the northern temperate region;


The role of sea ice melting on the air-sea CO2 flux was investigated at two ice camps in the East Siberian Sea of the Arctic Ocean. On average, sea ice samples from the two ice camps had a total alkalinity (TA) of ∼108 and ∼31 μmol kg–1 and a corresponding salinity of 1.39 and 0.36, respectively. A portion (18–23% as an average) of these sea ice TA values was estimated to exist in the sea ice with zero salinity, which indicates the excess TA was likely attributed to chemical (CaCO3 formation and dissolution) and biological processes in the sea ice. The dilution by sea ice melting could increase the oceanic CO2 uptake to 11–12 mmol m–2 d–1 over the next 21 days if the mixed layer depth and sea ice thickness were assumed to be 18.5 and 1.5 m, respectively. This role can be further enhanced by adding TA (including excess TA) from sea ice melting, but a simultaneous release of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) counteracts the effect of TA supply. In our study region, the additional impact of sea ice melting with close to unity TA:DIC ratio on air-sea CO2 exchange was not significant.


A low-power low-voltage bandgap reference using MOS transistors operating in subthreshold region will be presented. In order to decrease the relatively large value of the temperature coefficient for a first-order compensated voltage reference, a new logarithmic curvature-correction technique based on the difference between two gate-source voltages of transistors working at drain currents with different temperature dependencies will be described. The low-voltage operation is achieved by a virtual reduction of V/sub T/ using a DTMOST. The circuit was implemented in 0.35 /spl mu/m CMOS technology on a die area of 50 /spl mu/m x 60 /spl mu/m. The experimental results show a temperature coefficient of the circuit of about 6.1 ppm/K for an extended temperature range, 223K<T< 333K. The current consumption was about 720 /spl mu/A for a supply voltage V/sub cc/ =1.8V.


This scientific work is an experimental research. It was aimed to investigate the
effectiveness of Audio Lingual Method in teaching vowels pronunciation to Junior
High School students.
The subjects of this study were the students of 8C, 8D, and 8E of SMPN 32
Semarang; which consist of 32, 29, and 30 students. This research was conducted in
seven meetings, started on 5
th
 of March 2015 to 28
vii

th
 of March 2015. On the first
meeting, the pre-test was conducted. While on the second to the sixth meetings were
for the treatment sessions. Here, I gave some treatments. I gave treatments using
ALM to experimental group (8C), Songs to the first control group (8D) and Fidel
Charts to the second control group (8E). The seventh meeting was the last meeting of
this research. In the last meeting, the post-tets was conducted.
Based on the data analysis, it could be concluded that the use of Audio Lingual
Method is more effective than the use of Songs and Fidel Charts as a media in
teaching vowel pronunciation. This is shown by the comparison between the result of
Initial Pre-test from and that of post-test score. The mean score of experimental
group using Audio Lingual Method improved by 10 points; from 67 to 77. The score
of Control group using Songs improved by 2 points; from 65 to 67. Meanwhile, the
mean score of the control group using Fidel Charts improved by one point from 66 to
67. In line with it, the students" motivation in learning English after getting treatment
using ALM is higher than the students" motivation that are taught by using Songs
and Fidel Charts as the media. The students" motivation score in Exper imental Group
is 3.14, 2.97 for Songs group and 2.93 for Fidel Charts group. These score were
included into high motivation in learning English.
By referring to the result of the study, I suggested Audio Lingual Method be
used to teach pronunciation, especially vowel pronunciation of English words.


The objectives of this research are 1) To know the description of the usage of learning media video of IPA class III SD Inpres Lanraki 2 Subdistrict Tamalanrea Makassar City, 2) To know the description of student interest in third grade SD Inpres Lanraki 2 Tamalanrea Sub-District Makassar City, 3) learning videos of science to the interest of third grade students of SD Inpres Lanraki 2 District Tamalanrea Makassar City. This study used a quantitative approach. In this approach the data will be analyzed quantitatively by using statistics to test the hypotheses that have been prepared. The type of research used in this research is Pre- Experimental with the design of One Group Pretest-Posttest design research. Population and sample of this research is third grade student of Inpres Lanraki 2 2016/2017 academic year. Data collection techniques in this study are: questionnaires, observation sheets, and documentation. The data analysis technique used in this research is descriptive statistical analysis and inferential statistical analysis. To see the difference, the data were analyzed using Paired Sample t-Test. Based on the results of hypothesis testing with inferential statistics shows there is a significant influence of the use of learning video media on the interest of learning IPA.


The new dimension in cardio-metabolic health: Cardio-metabolic disorders (CMDs) encompass various disorders like there have evolved potential strategies for therapeutically targeting intestinal microbiota and microbial processes. The MTT appears to be a promising strategy to prevent and treat metabolic disorders as well as CVD. The most frequently used measures to manipulate the gut microbiota to reduce CV risk and CVD are therapeutic use of probiotics, prebiotics and certain nutraceuticals. The therapeutic intervention to repair microbial dysbiosis through fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) appears to be a potential therapy for CVD and various metabolic disorders like metabolic syndrome, T2DM and obesity.


The invention discloses a method capable of achieving data back-up and migration in a peer-to-peer (P2P) network. The method includes that when service data are required to be backed up, a node which requires service data back-up backs up the service data to a back-up node in a service overlay network through the service overlay network where the node is located; and/or, when the data are required to be migrated, a node which requires data migration migrates the service data which contain subscriber data to a target node in the service overlay network through the service overlay network where the node is located, and the node migrates route data to the target node through a route overlay network where the node and the target node are located. The invention further discloses a system capable of achieving data back-up and migration in the P2P network. By means of the method and the system, when service data back-up and/or data migration are/is performed among heterogeneous nodes, expenses can be effectively reduced, and performances of the P2P system are improved.


The increase in the abundance of gray snapper (Lutjanus griseus) in Texas bays and estuaries over the past 30 years is correlated to increased wintertime surface water
temperatures. Trends in the relative abundance of gray snapper are evaluated by using monthly fishery-independent
monitoring data from each of the seven major estuaries along the Texas coast from 1978 through 2006. Environmental conditions during this period demonstrated increasing
annual sea surface temperatures, although this increase was not seasonally uniform. The largest proportion of
temperature increases was attributed to higher winter temperature minimums since 1993. Positive phases of the North Atlantic Oscillation, resulting in wetter, warmer winters in the eastern United States have occurred nearly uninterrupted since the late 1970s, and unprecedented positive index values occurred between 1989 and 1995. Increases in water temperature in Texas estuaries, beginning
in the early 1990s, are postulated to provide both favorable over-wintering conditions for the newly settled
juveniles and increased recruitment success. In the absence of cold winters, this species has established semipermanent estuarine populations across the entire Texas coast. A shift to negative phases of the North Atlantic Oscillation will likely result in returns to colder winter temperature
minimums that could reverse any recent population gains.


This report is based on a session held during the 13th Annual Meeting of the British Uro‐oncology Group (BUG) in London in September 2016. The session discussed the clinical implications of genomics in the management of advanced prostate cancer, in the context of the potential use of biomarkers to predict outcomes to treatment and the future of biomarker‐driven trials.


ABSTRACT Broome's target in his paper is the popular claim that rationality consists in responding correctly to reasons. He takes this to be the reductive claim that rationality reduces to responding correctly to reasons, which in turn he takes to entail that the property of rationality is identical to the property of responding correctly to reasons. It is this identity claim that Broome attempts to refute by showing that the properties that are supposed to be identical cannot be so because they themselves do not share all properties. In this short commentary, I shall say something about the overall structure of Broome's argument. More specifically, I shall argue that in its current form his argument rests on a very controversial premise, but that it can be replaced with an argument that avoids it and has wider significance. I shall also question the way Broome deals with the so-called Kantian argument against his own argument. Finally, I shall sketch an alternative view of rationality, which agrees with Broome that it supervenes on the mind, but disagrees with him on the question of whether it itself is a purely mental property.


High‐field magnetic moment measurements have been completed in NixCu1−x alloys1 near the critical concentration2 (x≃0.44). Fields of 150 kG or higher and temperatures from 4.2 to 1.5 K were employed. The general features of the data are: (1) the differential susceptibility at high field, χHF, decreases with increasing field and with decreasing temperatures; (2) χHF increases with increasing x up to x=0.42 and is relatively constant from x=0.44 to 0.48; (3) linear extrapolation to H=0 yields a moment σ(0) which is linear with x for x≥0.44 corresponding to about 0.6 μB/added Ni atom; (4) for x<0.44, σ(0) decreases less rapidly down to x=0.32 (the lowest value of x investigated so far). These results are compared with recent low field measurements of Kouvel and Comly3 and Robbins et al.4 The general features of χHF and σ(0) are compared with uniform and nonuniform (or clustering) models3,4 for occurrence of ferromagnetism in Ni–Cu alloys.


We suggest that, close to the time of maximum luminosity in both solar and stellar flares, the ratio of thermal X-ray luminosity, L/sub x/, to optical luminosity, L/sub v/, is given by the ratio of radiative to conductive energy loss rates from the X-ray flare plasma. This leads to values of L/sub x//L/sub v/ in UV Ceti which may be more than an order of magnitude smaller than the mean value L/sub x//L/sub v/ in solar flares. Scaling from solar flares may therefore lead to overestimates of the X-ray fluxes expected in stellar flares. Our results are consistent with recent detection of X-rays from a large flare on UV Ceti. According to our treatment, the light curve of an optical stellar flare has a decay time which is determined not by radiative recombination but by the time scale for heat conduction from the X-ray plasma. With this interpretation, stellar flare plasma is found to have a density no less than approximately 6 x 10/sup 10/ cm/sup -3/. Temperatures in stellar flare plasma are probably in the range (1--4) x 10/sup 7/ K, similar to solar flares. (AIP)


In recent years, using different decision making methods has become a requirement in decision making processes which have high uncertainty and variability. The aim of this study is to suggest an usage of scenario analysis and cognitive maps together in strategic decision making process, by this modeling, offer a structure for the qualitative scenario texts by cognitive maps and establish a hierarchical structure with targets, strategies, actions which will give input to the decision making process. Also this study is supported by an application on future of automotive industry.


This research was held on the sandy and paddy field in Bantul District. The
location which chosen purposively were Sanden and Kretek Sub-District. The
aims of this research were to determine (1) factors that affecting red chili
production in Bantul District (2) the level of allocative efficiency (price
efficiency) of production factors in red chili farming (3) the level of production
risk of red chili farming in Bantul District. The respondent waschosen by
purposive random sampling, 16 farmers as a representative red chili farmers in
each type of land. Log-linear regression function and Cobb-Douglas production
function was used to analyze factors that affecting to the red chili production.
allocative efficiency of production-factors used was determined by calculating the
value of allocative efficiency index. Production risk of red chili was determined
by calculating the variance coefficient. The factors affecting positively to the first
planting season of red chili production were were land acreage, TSP fertilizer,
KCL fertilizer, and land type. Factors that affecting to the second second planting
season red chili production were land acreage, insecticide, fungicide, and land
type. In the first planting season, the usage of land acreage, TSP fertilizer, and
KCL fertilizer had been inefficient yet so its needed to be increased


Summary
The aim of the present study was to elucidate whether vertebral deformities influence on the growth performance of salmon, and if so, at what level of severity the growth performance/welfare is affected. To do this, Atlantic salmon postsmolts were individually tagged and reared in a common seacage from January 2005 until January 2006. At the end of the experiment, dissected vertebral columns were radiographed, evaluated for vertebral deformities, and the location and type of deformity was recorded. For statistical analysis the fish were grouped according to the number of deformed (d) vertebrae (v); 0 dv (n = 173), 1–5 dv (n = 43), 6–10 dv (n = 11), 11–20 dv (n = 18) and 21–44 dv (n = 31). In fish with less than six dv, the deformities were found within the tail fin region (v 50-58). Fish with 11–20 dv also had a high occurrence of dv within the tail region (V31-49), and fish with more than 20 dv also had a high occurrence of dv within the caudal trunk region (V9-30). Growth was significantly influenced by the number of dv. At the end of the experiment, fish with more than 10 dv were shorter and had a higher condition factor than normal fish, and fish with more than 20 dv were shorter, had lower weight and a higher condition factor than normal fish. In the first period in seawater (January–June) there was no detectable differences in growth (length or weight) between the groups, but the condition factor of the individuals with a high number of dv increased. In the second period (June–January), fish with more than 10 dv, had a significantly lower growth rate. This study indicate that a low occurrence of vertebral deformities have little effect on the growth performance/welfare of salmon.


This study was conducted by considering the importance of students to have awareness and care in this era of ecological crisis that threatens human life. Service learning is one of alternative learning models used to enhance students' ecological care and responsibility with the concept of direct experience, applications and real work. This study is a qualitative research using a case study method with an interpretive paradigm. The population of this study is students of Civic Education Department in Syiah Kuala University. The research subjects were purposively selected using the purposive sampling technique. To collect the data, this study accomplished interview and observation to students, community members and 20 students' supervisors (lecturers). This study reveals that: students have a level of ecological concern when they experience the reality, observe, experience and see ecological damage directly by themselves. Besides, they must initiate to take action so that the environment exists harmoniously with nature.


Modern visual surveillance systems are aiming for automatic monitoring wide-area. In order to monitor wide-area more efficiently, one of the prior settlements is to construct a system independent of physical video devices. In this paper, we propose a visualization technique about video devices centering around camera visualization.


We evaluate two methods to improve the background internal friction of the Double Paddle Oscillator (DPO), which has a nominal low temperature value of Q-1 ≈ 2×10-8. We find that annealing the DPO in vacuum at 300°C for 3 hours systematically reduced Q-1 at all temperatures and revealed a 100K internal friction peak by permanently removing it. We also find a striking decrease of low temperature Q-1 as the DPO geometry is altered through extended etching. This decrease is evaluated via Finite Element Method modeling in terms of mode mixing and attachment loss.


Emotions are everywhere in our criminal justice system. However, society does not yet have a consensus on when to incorporate emotions and when to exclude them at the different stages and processes of the criminal justice system. This paper examines literature based on the role of emotions in punishment, specifically, how correctional officers are affected by emotionally intense work environments. In order to mobilize justice, society relies on correctional institutions to control the conditions of custody and punitive consequences. Prisons are emotionally painful not only for inmates, but officers as well. Emotions such as anxiety, sadness, or disgust can impact the way that officers control their own emotions and how they treat offenders. Punitive conditions and long-term exposure to violent and emotionally disturbed inmates becomes difficult for correctional officers to separate their work-selves from their societal-selves. The lack of training or preparation by Correctional Services Canada contributes to officers' deteriorating mental health. Further, gender differences between female and male correctional officers are not recognized in the minimal training that is offered. The 'one size fits all' approach continues to be employed when training officers on how to display and control emotions in punitive settings. The emotional intelligence training and practices that Correctional Services Canada offers is inadequate in order to appropriately prepare front line-workers with the emotional longevity to govern inmates. The existing issues that are reported on job posting websites and government sources continue to support the scholarly literature on emotional hardships that correctional officers experience.


If you cross the river to East Dubuque or go to the City of Galena which is close by and then travel in any direction across the State of Illinois, you will find that the farther you proceed, the poorer are the ground water resources. The principal water-bearing strata in the state are sandstones of the Cambrian system often referred to as Potsdam sandstone. Sandstones of this system outcrop in the central and western part of Wisconsin, north of a line through Milwaukee as far north as Wisconsin Rapids, to the northeast and northwest of that city, and in Iowa and Minnesota along Mississippi River. The St. Peter sandstone, which is above the Cambrian sandstones, is next in importance. The principal outcrop of this sandstone is in southern Wisconsin. It is exposed in Illinois in an area near Oregon on the Rock River, near Ottawa along Fox and Illinois Rivers, and is exposed or close to the surface in a few other small areas. These strata slope downward to the east and south with one sharp fold, the LaSalle anticline, from near the northwest corner of the state southeastward through LaSalle, as given in detail in publications of the State Geological Survey Division. Possibly the statement that the farther we travel from East Dubuque or Galena the poorer are the ground water resources, is a little broad, for, to the east throughout much of the northern part of the state, considerable water is available in gravel deposits and in the underlying rock strata, especially the sandstones referred to. As far to the east as Rockford, water obtained from Cambrian sandstones is of as good quality as that at Galena and it is available in large quantity. Farther east, in the northeastern part of the state, waters from these sandstones are more highly mineralized and the sandstones are also probably softer than the same strata in other sections. Conditions are probably worst at Des Plaines. Gray Brothers drilled a well there into Cambrian sandstone and, after


The 2021 Venice Architecture Biennale explores the way in which cultures collide: how we blend, merge, adapt. The history of the mosque in Britain embodies this process in the way it incrementally reshapes space and the urban fabric with its own language. Any group of people can start a mosque, simply by establishing congregational worship in any space they designate as being for prayer. Most mosques have been created through the adaptation of existing buildings, which range from houses, shops, cinemas, pubs and other former places of worship. It is an organic process of architectural development, highly responsive to the immediate circumstances of the congregation. These mosques are in a continuous state of flux, as the community grows and its needs change, the buildings are continuously adapted to meet these changes. Grass-rooted, designed and in many cases built by its users, the mosque has generated an entirely new architecture for Britain. In many cases the adapted buildings, after serial extensions and modifications, are eventually demolished and a large new build mosque is built to replace it and accommodate the evolved community.

The VA Brick Lane Mosque (built as a French Huguenot church), Old Kent Road Mosque (a former pub) and Harrow Mosque (a converted terrace house), the installation represents the historical layering and adaptations of each mosque. Key parts of each mosque are replicated as 1-2-1 copies and arranged along a gallery wall. This wall physically and visually ties together the fragments of the mosques, suggesting a narrative thread interlinking them. The 1-2-1 fragments are of significant parts of the mosques that have been inserted or grafted into their existing buildings to create this new hybrid architecture.

My specific role within the exhibition focuses on the social representation of each mosque community through a series of site-specific films and individual interviews. This content has been developed through my current research project 'Assembly'. Assembly attempts to represent the ethnic diversity within the Muslim community. Each film is made in collaboration with the congregation, respecting the religious and cultural rules of each specific mosque. A tracking shot, filmed from above of Jumu'ah prayer is a social record of the congregation as a whole whereas the interviews tell personal stories of individual worshipers. The three examples chosen for 'the British Mosque', Old Kent Road Mosque (Nigerian), Brick Lane Mosque (Bangladeshi) and Harrow Mosque (Pakistani) are not only key examples of architectural diversity but also the social diversity within the Muslim community. Detailed 3D scans of each mosque have also been made capturing an otherwise unrecorded stage of the history of Britain's religious architecture. These digital scans will enter the V&A collection as permanent digital artefacts.

This project had been planned for the 2020 Venice Architecture Biennale, postponed to 2021 due to COVID-19.


This paper first addresses the research problems in wayfinding map design and studies. This will be followed by the explanation of constructivism and its relevance to wayfinding and spatial learning behaviour. The paper will then describe the methods used in the field study that uncovered the construction of spatial knowledge in people-map-space interactions. Finally, conclusion will be made based on the findings from the field study.


Although massively parallel architectures are expected to provide the next major advance in computing power, writing applications on parallel distributed computers is considerably more diicult than programming conventional computers. Today's parallel distributed programming requires from the programmer to take care of quite complex tasks such as data and load distribution, data communication, process coordination, and tuning according to hardware characteristics. No programming environment taking care of this additional complexity is available. In this paper we present our concept and realization of a sophisticated program development environment PDE for parallel distributed programming. Strong use of expert knowledge and AI techniques within the PDE make it possible to free the application programmer from all parallelization complexity. Good parallel eeciency is achieved through application domain knowledge and by extracting the parallel structure of applications at the design and speciication level. A skeleton-based approach ensures rapid and reliable software development through software reuse. The enabling role of AI technology and the integration of various AI elds are discussed in light of the PDE.


An analytical solution for two-dimensional steady, viscous, incompressible hydromagnetic free convective flow past a uniformly moving vertical porous plate embedded in a porous medium in the presence of the Soret effect and chemical reaction is investigated in this paper. A uniform magnetic field is applied perpendicular to the plate and directed into the fluid region. The asymptotic series expansion method is used to solve the non-dimensional governing equations. The effects of thermal diffusion, magnetic field, thermal radiation, Grashof number, and chemical reaction are mainly focused on discussing the present problem. One of the significant findings of this study includes that an upsurge in the chemical reaction causes a downfall in the fluid temperature. It is seen that the Soret number enhances the velocity and temperature. Further, the fluid's velocity, concentration, and temperature decrease with an increase in the magnetic field parameter. In most works dealing with convective MHD flow, ohmic dissipation and viscous dissipation are neglected. In this work, these two effects are considered. Further, the Soret effect and the effect of first-order chemical reactions are also considered.


American history textbooks often use the story of Anne Hutchinson's trial and banishment as evidence of patriarchal dom ination of women in Puritan Massachusetts. They tell us that John Winthrop "ruled with an iron hand," that religion "endorsed female subjec tion," and that Hutchinson's judges "were almost as outraged by her 'mas culine' behavior as by her heretical beliefs."1 These shorthand accounts of a complex story inadvertently lose one of its most interesting dimensions? Hutchinson's ability to unsettle and potentially unseat the iron-handed gov ernor. It would be hard to find another time or place in American history where the theological speculations of a housewife could carry such political weight. Far from endorsing female subjection, the Puritan movement ini tially encouraged female assertiveness, not by overt questioning of social norms but by nurturing lay engagement in religious discourse. English settlers were attempting to put the new wine of dissenting protes tantism into the old bottle of patriarchal order. As childbearers, sexual part ners, passionate believers, good housekeepers, and fragile sinners, Puritan women both challenged and defined the boundaries of appropriate behavior. Although some succumbed to doubt and despair, others used the demanding doctrines of reformation to refigure their lives. Speaking their minds they provoked a conservative leadership to limit the possibilities of religious and political expression. Because religious ideas mattered in Boston in 1636, a struggle over the meaning of salvation turned presumably subject women into political actors.


An association between histologic category of benign breast disease (BBD) and breast cancer risk has been well documented. However, the influence of a positive family history (FH) on breast cancer risk among women with biopsy‐confirmed BBD is less certain.


In the reform of state - owned enterprises, the manager compensation system proves very important. In view of the existing problems in the currnet system, this paper makes a theoretic exploration and comments on the practice of the overseas manager compensation system.


On 2 July 2013, the Lithuanian Parliament amended Article 39 (1) of the Lithuanian Law on Competition of 23 March 1999 (the "Competition Law") in relation to payment of fines imposed by the…


The invention belongs to the field of spectrometers and discloses a miniature handheld spectrometer, comprising a housing and an internal structure. The internal structure begins with a light source; a condensing lens is arranged along the light path of the light source; a spherical reflector I is arranged after the condensing lens along the light path; an optical grating I is arranged at 45 degrees downwards in the vertical direction of the spherical reflector; a spherical reflector II is arranged upwards in the vertical direction of the optical grating I; the light source comes from a spherical reflector III and then enters an integrating sphere; a detect opening is arranged at the integrating sphere; a display screen is arranged at the rear end of the housing and is fixed with fine screws. According to the invention, through minifying all the lenses and installing an oval structure in the middle of the housing, by installing an annulus reflection structure, the space is greatly saved; light path is repeatedly refracted in the oval structure so that the measurement accuracy of the spectrometer is increased; size reduction is realized as well as the accuracy is retained.