In the physical sciences the mathematical wave model is used to accurately describe various phenomenon including sound and light. Can the wave model be used to help describe and illustrate the qualitative aspects of mental states? In a visual qualitative approach a decaying wave model is used to describe and illustrate mental states associated with depression and PTSD.Wave phenomenon is mathematically described by the following equation.f(t) = ACos( ?t + ? )Where A is amplitude, ? is the angular frequency and ? is the phase shift. With an exponential decay factor and a vertical shift function the wave equation becomes the description for a vertically shifted decaying wave.f(t) = A exp( ??t )Cos( ?t + ? ) + C(t)where ? is the exponential decay factor and C(t) is a vertical shift function. Model discussion In the model, the positive vertical axis are increasing stressors and the negative vertical axis are increasing depressors, time is on the horizontal axis. It is postulated that each person oscillates in mental stressor depressor states around an equilibrium level identified at the stressor depressor axis. These equilibrium levels are determined by ambient environmental mental stress, peer group, physical environment and traumatic/ depressive event history. A stressful event can be illustrated as a decaying wave with initial amplitude far above the equilibrium level. The wavelength and ? of the decaying wave may be a function of early intervention and treatment. The wave may decay back to equilibrium or the equilibrium stress level can be vertically shifted, raised or lowered, depending upon the event. Vertical equilibrium level shifting and the application of wave properties such as constructive and destructive interference are graphically presented in the model. Stressor and depressor ?forces? are hypothesized to bring the individual back to their and their peer group?s equilibrium level. These ?forces? could take the form of therapeutic regimens and environment or peer group changes.Critical regions in stress and depression are postulated where stress or depression are beyond personal endurance. This model can be used as a clinical aid to help patients visualize their mental states involving PTSD and depression. Future studies could attempt to quantitate the period and ? exponential decay factor parameters from published studies as a function of intervention and treatment in PTSD and depression.


Introduction: Comorbidities associated with obesity are widely recognized risk factors for poor COVID-19 outcomes;however, obesity as an independent risk facto


Background and Objective: Food is a basic human need whose fulfilment cannot be substituted with other materials. Food security is perfectly adequate for a country and its individuals, reflected insufficient food availability, both in terms of its quantity, quality, safe, diverse, nutritious, equitable and affordable. Toddler still had low nutrition and malnutrition of more than 18 % of children throughout Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to assess the Positive Deviance parenting towards toddler in Cianjur.
Material and Method: An Observation of the family with low economics levels but have a good nutrition toddler. The sample was 15 families. Interview and observation of the family are used to guide the study. The instruments used were structural and un-structural interviewing. The participant had their economic and nutrition assessed through financial and food sections. The data analysis consisted of the answer to the question that has been asked with using qualitative study.
Result: In this study, some individuals or groups have behaviour and strategy that are unusual but successful and have allowed them to find better solutions to their problems. PD is based on the belief that it is solving problems that society faces.
Conclusion: PD in nutrition improvement program aims to have under-five children with low nutrition and malnutrition, finding positive deviance behaviour in the community. This behaviour is then followed by the families of low-nourished and malnourished children, increasing their nutritional status.


Redundant temperature measurement probe having a number of aspects have been described. In one embodiment, the probe has a pair resistivity sensor, a pair of output wires, and a common ground wire about a total of three wires. The first and second resistive sensor probe, the temperature can be measured electrically connected to the controller, it can detect that the probe fails. In one embodiment, controllers can be configured to detect a change in resistance. .FIELD 1


High saline pore fluids in marine deep-sea sediments are well known, especially when evaporites exist in the underlying deep sub-surface. Nevertheless, the classification of brines is matter of debate over and over again. A major question in this context is, if the high content of total dissolved solids is generated by dissolution of evaporites or derived from evaporation residues. During RV Meteor expedition M67/2 we have taken sediment and pore water samples from an isolated diapiric elevation within the Campeche Knolls area in the southern Gulf of Mexico. At this structure, named Chapopote, asphalt volcanism and hydrocarbon seepage has been documented. Here we present and discuss results form pore water analysis on sediments which have been recovered in the vicinity of the active vent sites. The most conspicuous feature is that interstitial waters from Chapopote knoll exhibit a strong, almost linear increase in salinity (from 37 g l to about 83 g l). Modeling of transport and reaction processes give clear evidence that the pore water composition at these sites is controlled by diffusion only. Correspondingly, strong gradients observed for ratios of geochemically almost inert constituents, like Na:Cl, are solely explainable by differences in specific diffusion coefficients. Furthermore, these correlations let assume that the composition of surface pore waters at Chapopote knoll are not significantly influenced by the dissolution of salt minerals. Based on oxygenand hydrogen-isotope data, which indicate to simple dilution effects, clay mineral dehydration processes seems to be negligible. In combination with the application of geochemical equilibrium calculation, the similarity of the relative composition of the Chapopote brine to formation waters of Jurassic and Cretaceous age would seem to suggest a local upward percolation of the later. Accordingly, high saline waters at Chapopote would originate from a dilution of a Cretaceous or Jurassic residual brine, which would have to be expected 40-50 m bsf. Based on bromide concentrations its degree of evaporation can be approximated to 25-45 times. Nature and reactivity of ferrous iron forms through a subsurface redox transition zone probed by contact with the pertechnetate anion J.M. ZACHARA*, T. PERETYAZHKO, C. LIU, C.T. RESCH, S. HEALD AND R. KUKKADAPU Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA (*correspondence: firstname.lastname@example.com) Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA (firstname.lastname@example.com)


The governments and companies of the Asia-Pacific region all recognize the importance of new technology and innovation as one of the most critical factors to sustaining future economic growth. Unlike the 1980s and early 1990s, they are looking at how various aspects of the U.S. model might be adapted to their particular needs, and more importantly, are moving forward quickly to implement new ideas and institutions. This is true both for the major Asian S&T powerhouses-Japan, China and Korea-and for the increasingly strong smaller technology players like Singapore and Taiwan. They all are taking full advantage of their full access to the global economy and to scientific advances wrought by advances in information technology. The region's overall economic recovery and individual players' optimistic pronouncements about their increasing technological strength, however, mask substantial differences among individual countries. The more industrialized economies of Singapore, Korea, Taiwan, and Hong Kong, China are growing rapidly while others such as Indonesia and the Philippines are still struggling. The Japanese economy appears to be slowly turning around, pulled in part by the strength of its Asian trading partners and the resulting need for Japanese products. China continues to grow but more slowly, raising questions of whether it will be able to reach its long-term S&T targets and successfully finish privatizing its state-owned enterprises. Here, briefly, are what Asia's major S&T players are doing to enhance their innovation capabilities: Japan Seeks "Balanced R&W" Japan continues to produce close to 20 percent of the world's R&D, trailing only the United States and maintaining its edge over third-place Germany. It continues to increase its R&D expenditures and is radically restructuring its science and technology policy and institutions. Many of the institutional changes are scheduled to go into effect January 1, 2001 and could portend a greater openness toward foreign participation in the Japanese economy and in its science and technology infrastructure. In 1995, concerned about how to break its economy out of recession, Japan enacted a new Science and Technology Basic Law that sought to double government R&D expenditures by 2000 and reinvent its research institutions and policies. Japan will more than meet the first goal of doubling its government R&D expenditures, and will have radically reorganized its government S&T institutions by January 1, 2001 and its national universities by early 2003. It is clear that these changes are in response to globalization and intense economic competition with other countries, and just as importantly, the aging of Japanese society. Japan is seeking to achieve a "balanced R&D ability" that supports not only technology development but also basic science that it defines as "use-inspired" basic research. Major changes include the establishment of the National Council for Science and Technology (NCST) within the Prime Minister's Office with authority to make policy recommendations, advise on the strategic allocation of R&D resources and evaluate national R&D efforts. It is seen as combining the roles played in the United States by PCAST (President's Council of Advisors for Science and Technology) and the coordination functions of the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy. However, at least in the short term, it is very unlikely to possess the same clout. In addition, the Science and Technology Agency (STA) will merge with the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture to become the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology. This new Ministry will control almost 70 percent of national R&D expenditures, and will attempt to combine STA's reputation for innovation with the Ministry of Education's resources. The reorganized Ministry of International Trade and Industry will control approximately 16 percent of R&D funds. …


Bulan ethnic group's establishing nominal kinship has an important position in their social life and religious belief.It is not only a way for them to pray for their descendents and continue their kinship,but also a means to construct networks of interpersonal relations.


Breakdown pressure is the peak pressure attained when fluid is injected into a borehole until fracturing occurs. Hydraulic fracturing operations are conducted above the breakdown pressure, at which the rock formation fractures and allows fluids to flow inside. This value is essential to obtain formation stress measurements. The objective of this study is to automate the selection of breakdown pressure flags on time series fracture data using a novel algorithm in lieu of an artificial neural network.
 This study is based on high-frequency treatment data collected from a cloud-based software. The comma separated (.csv) files include treating pressure (TP), slurry rate (SR), and bottomhole proppant concentration (BHPC) with defined start and end time flags. Using feature engineering, the model calculates the rate of change of treating pressure (dtp_1st) slurry rate (dsr_1st), and bottomhole proppant concentration (dbhpc_1st). An algorithm isolates the initial area of the treatment plot before proppant reaches the perforations, the slurry rate is constant, and the pressure increases. The first approach uses a neural network trained with 872 stages to isolate the breakdown pressure area. The expert rule-based approach finds the highest pressure spikes where SR is constant. Then, a refining function finds the maximum treating pressure value and returns its job time as the predicted breakdown pressure flag.
 Due to the complexity of unconventional reservoirs, the treatment plots may show pressure changes while the slurry rate is constant multiple times during the same stage. The diverse behavior of the breakdown pressure inhibits an artificial neural network's ability to find one "consistent pattern" across the stage. The multiple patterns found through the stage makes it difficult to select an area to find the breakdown pressure value. Testing this complex model worked moderately well, but it made the computational time too high for deployment. On the other hand, the automation algorithm uses rules to find the breakdown pressure value with its location within the stage.
 The breakdown flag model was validated with 102 stages and tested with 775 stages, returning the location and values corresponding to the highest pressure point. Results show that 86% of the predicted breakdown pressures are within 65 psi of manually picked values.
 Breakdown pressure recognition automation is important because it saves time and allows engineers to focus on analytical tasks instead of repetitive data-structuring tasks. Automating this process brings consistency to the data across service providers and basins. In some cases, due to its ability to zoom-in, the algorithm recognized breakdown pressures with higher accuracy than subject matter experts. Comparing the results from two different approaches allowed us to conclude that similar or better results with lower running times can be achieved without using complex algorithms.


Formulating a suitable stream processing pipeline for a particular use case is a complicated process that highly depends on the processed data and usually requires many cycles of refinement. By combining the advantages of visual data exploration with the concept of real-time modifiability of a stream processing pipeline we want to contribute an interactive approach that simplifies and enhances the process of pipeline engineering. As a proof of concept, a prototype has been developed that delivers promising results in various test use cases and allows to modify the parameters and structure of stream processing pipelines at a development stage in a matter of milliseconds. By utilizing collected data and statistics from this explorative intermediate stage we will automatically generate optimized runtime code for a standalone execution of the constructed pipeline.


"Copyright is a vast area with shades of gray and lots of interpretation. This work helps to overcome some of the confusion...Extremely readable, this is an excellent resource...(A)n overview of various aspects of copyright law, such as fair use, library copying...off-air taping...electronic environments, computer software, multimedia and distance education...each overview is followed by questions and answers which offer further explanation. It includes appendixes on requesting permission, developing policy, selected court cases, resources and addresses, sources on the Internet, intellectual property, electronic fair use and Sections 106-110 of the Copyright Law". -- Emergency Librarian


This paper describes the work that we did at Indian School of Mines towards Social Book Search Track for CLEF 2016. As per requirement of CLEF-2016 we submitted six runs in its Suggestion Task. We investigated individual effect of title, group, request, as well as combined effect of title, request and group fields of the topics in our runs. For all the runs we used language modeling technique with Dirichlet smoothing. The run using combined effect of title, request and group field was our best. Overall, our performance is good but it needs some improvement, our scores are encouraging enough to work for better results in future.


Abstract:The article examines the contradictory nature of the lineage of the "fils du feu," a recurring and mythical anti-royalty theme in Nerval's work. It argues that ideas of two competing royalties and of an essential fire are present in his earliest works and initially associated with various historical and fictional figures. With the publication in April 1850 of the story "Histoire de la reine du matin," the combination of these elements is endowed with a fully detailed explanatory and descriptive myth. Nerval imagines two parallel destinies for the lineage of fire, of which one tends to dominate in his later work, against the backdrop of political events of the time. The evolution of Nerval's royalty of fire attests to the utopias and disillusionment inspired by the Revolutions of 1830 and 1848. (In French)


Aortic insufficiency (AI) is a frequent problem after continuous‐flow left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation and results in increased morbidity and mortality. Advances in transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) technology have resulted in this being discussed as a potential option for LVAD patients with AI. While small case series have been published, we report the first case of TAVR thrombosis in an LVAD patient. This case highlights a major diagnostic and management dilemma that should become more present if this strategy becomes more widespread.


The utility model relates to an air-cooling heat-pump whole-year cold water and hot water machine set. The utility model is composed of an air-cooling heat-pump cold water machine set, a refrigerant working medium-water heat exchanger, an air-water heat exchanger, an electromagnetic valve, a refrigerating water circulating pump, a hot water circulating pump, and a microcomputer control system. The utility model forms a whole-year cold water and hot water machine set with a fan coil pipe of an air conditioning system and a living hot water tank. The utility model has double function to replace refrigeration air conditioners and boilers, is suitable for medium and small hotels, hostels, villas and houses with large area. The utility model is used for refrigerating in summer, and is used for heating for the areas with the outdoor temperature which is larger than-10 DEG C in winter. The utility model can provide living hot water for the whole year.


This paper proposed the actual protection measures and suggestions through the evaluation of the current ground water and analysis of it's pollution change trends using the comprehensive evaluation method and function evaluation method.So this paper can have great significance of guidance for the actual protection work of water resource and for the construction of ecological civilization and the construction of accord development between human and water resources.


Recently, it was demonstrated1 that the clustering considered in this articlec, which consists in partitioning a set of data points into subsets depending on the proximity of some properties, can be performed using quantum annealing on a system of two-level quantum elements - qubits. In previous work2, we proposed to pass from qubits to qutrits - three-level quantum elements showed the advantages of such a replacement and obtained a time-dependent effective Hamiltonian. In the present paper, we have found a sequence of selective rotation operators that allows one to realize adiabatic evolution with this effective Hamiltonian in the discrete-time approximation. On five qutrits, represented by spins S = 1, we performed a simulation of clustering a set of six points on a plane into three groups by means of quantum annealing.


(1) Background: The ratio of railway tunnel to line is larger, which produces tunnel entrance and exit effect, aerodynamic resistance, and sudden pressure changes. When the train passes through the tunnels at high-speed, the interaction between the pantograph on it and its surrounding air intensifies and the coupling effects between the pantograph and tunnel become more significant; (2) Methods: A coupling method between aerodynamics and multi-body dynamics is proposed based on hybrid meshing and grid motion. The layered grid motion method is combined with the viscous mesh deformation method with swift, effective data exchange. The significant coupling effects between the pantograph and tunnel are revealed; (3) Results: The influence laws and evolution mechanism of running speed as it affects important service characteristics and behaviors of the pantograph are accurately quantified. Noteworthy factors include the temporal characteristics of panhead aerodynamic lift, the contact force between the pantograph and catenary, vertical displacement and acceleration of the contact strip, the phase diagram of the contact strip, and various frequency-domain characteristics. The action mechanism of running speed on the coupling effect between the pantograph and tunnel is comprehensively and accurately revealed by the proposed method; (4) Conclusions: The larger service characteristics amplitudes of the high-speed pantograph appear at low frequencies and are not multiple frequencies of the basic frequency. By comparisons, the coupling calculation results are closer to the test results than the non-coupling results regardless of the maximum, minimum, or mean.


International trade protectionism is frequently supported on the assumption that importables provide more jobs for unskilled labour than does the exportable sector. This contention is questioned here by reference to the factor intensity of New Zealand trade. Exportables are found to be more intensive in the use of unqualified labour services, especially females. The paper examines these issues before and after the recent reforms with their associated trade changes and analyses these effects on the sectoral employment of labour, capital and land.


This note derives a simple expression for the expected number of idle servers in a queue under very general conditions.


We consider reflection principle for classical solutions of the homogeneous real Monge–Ampère equation. We show that both the odd and the even reflected functions satisfy the Monge–Ampère equation if the second-order partial derivatives have continuous limits on the reflection boundary. In addition to sufficient conditions, we give some necessary conditions. Before stating the main results, we present elementary formulas for the reflected functions and study their differentiability properties across the reflection boundary. As an important special case, we finally consider extension of polynomials satisfying the homogeneous Monge–Ampère equation.


Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to present a new method based on the homotopy analysis method (HAM) with the aim of fast searching and calculating multiple solutions of nonlinear boundary value problems (NBVPs).

Design/methodology/approach

A major problem with the previously modified HAM, namely, predictor homotopy analysis method, which is used to predict multiplicity of solutions of NBVPs, is a time-consuming computation of high-order HAM-approximate solutions due to a symbolic variable namely "prescribed parameter". The proposed new technique which is based on traditional shooting method, and the HAM cuts the dependency on the prescribed parameter.

Findings

To demonstrate the computational efficiency, the mentioned method is implemented on three important nonlinear exactly solvable differential equations, namely, the nonlinear MHD Jeffery–Hamel flow problem, the nonlinear boundary value problem arising in heat transfer and the strongly nonlinear Bratu problem.

Originality/value

The more high-order approximate solutions are computable, multiple solutions are easily searched and discovered and the more accurate solutions can be obtained depending on how nonhomogeneous boundary conditions are transcribed to the homogeneous boundary conditions.


Given an arrangement of subtori of arbitrary codimension in a complex torus, we compute the cohomology groups of the complement. Then, by using the Leray spectral sequence, we describe the multiplicative structure on the associated graded cohomology. We also provide a differential model for the cohomology ring, by considering a toric wonderful model and its Morgan algebra. Finally, we focus on the divisorial case, proving a new presentation for the cohomology of toric arrangements.


Over the past decade, multiple endocrine neoplasias in dogs and cats have been presented in case reports and small case series. Various combinations of endocrine neoplasias have been described, with involvement of the parathyroid, thyroid, anterior pituitary and adrenal glands being the most common.1–8

The term multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN), used to describe the condition in people, cannot simply be applied to dogs and cats, because the concurrent lesions in animals do not resemble the condition that occurs in people;9 for example, in people, several types of MEN are classified based on organs affected. Patients with MEN1, for instance, have tumours of the parathyroid glands, pancreas and pituitary. MEN2. MEN3 and MEN4 involve other endocrine tumors. Until recently, the term MEN-like syndrome has been used in animals instead, but in a study summarised on p 323 of this week's issue of Vet Record , Beatrice and others10 introduce the term concurrent endocrine neoplasias (CEN), as an alternative to MEN-like syndrome, for animals. While CEN is still considered to be rare, it is more common than previously thought. The information provided in the study about the most frequent co-involvement of endocrine neoplasias in dogs and cats provides novel insights into the clinical management of the condition.

In dogs, concurrent adrenal medullary, adrenal cortical and/or pituitary gland pathology was found most commonly, with the most frequently reported combination of tumours being pheochromocytoma and an adrenocortical tumour, and an adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-secreting pituitary tumour with adrenal tumour. However, differentiation between …


Small Radios Big Televisions (2016) guides the player through a series of abandoned modern factories to locate objects and solve puzzles, including cassette tapes that transport them to virtual locations. Each tape presents a diorama-like environment, ranging from natural environments,
 including forests and beaches. Throughout Small Radios Big Televisions players must warp and electronically distort music and sounds, magnetizing tapes. These musical disruptions of the tape tracks are a core game mechanic. This article draws on autoethnographic gameplay, material and
 spatial analysis to investigate how players explore abandoned worlds stored on glitchy analogue cassettes full of visual and sonic noise.


Soil or seed applications of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) have been used to enhance growth of several crops as well as to suppress the growth of plant pathogens. In this study, we selected a PGPR strain, Paenibacillus polymyxa strain E681, out of 3,197 heat-stable bacterial isolates from winter wheat and barley roots. Strain E681 inhibited growth of a broad spectrum plant pathogenic fungi in vitro, and treatment of cucumber seed with E681 reduced incidence of damping-off disease caused by Pythium ultimum, Rhizoctonia soiani, or Fusarium oxysporum. When inoculated onto seeds as vegetative cells or as endospores, E681 colonized whole cucumber root systems and root tips. Different temperatures such as 20C and 30C did not affect root colonization by strain E681. This colonization was associated with a consistent increase in foliar growth of cucumber in the greenhouse. These results indicate that strain E681 is a promising PGPR strain for application to agricultural systems, particularly during the winter season.


Services for mentally retarded adults have undergone major changes over the past 15 years in the United States of America. Through the impact of "normalization", the calls for implementing fundamental civil rights for all citizens, and by applying methods of an essentially behavioural nature, services have gradually been moved out of the institutional sector and into the local communities. A regional service delivery model established in the state of Nebraska illustrates this development toward individualized living and competitive employment in the community.


The invention discloses a method for gate dielectric etching suitable for submicro gate length semiconductor device production. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, coating a photoresist layer on a dielectric layer, and the thickness of the dielectric layer is 150-250 nm; secondly, forming a gate foot image A on the photoresist layer through exposure development, and the line width of the gate foot image A is 50-250 nm; thirdly, performing etching for the dielectric layer in the gate foot image A through adopting ICP (Inductively Coupled Plasma) etching method with the photoresist layer as mask, the reaction gas is CHF3, the gas flow rate is 5-20 sccm, the reaction pressure is 0.1-0.5 Pa, the upper electrode power is 0 W, the lower electrode power is 30-100 W, and 60-80 % of the total thickness of the dielectric layer is removed by etching; and fourthly, performing etching removal for the remaining dielectric layer through adopting low damage dry etching method. The method has the advantages of low line width loss, low damage, smaller gate length under same photoetching line width, so that better device frequency characteristic can be obtained.


Melanie Pomphrett reveals what it takes to inspire others – and why she thinks oral health education has a healthy future


Let X be a real Banach space and let A be a multivalued operator from X into X, that is, to each x^X a subset Ax of X be assigned. We define D(A) = {x<=X; Axφφ}, R(A) = \J Ax and G(A) = {[x, x ' ]<EXxX; x'eΛx}. We denote xeX by F the duality mapping of X into the dual space X*, i.e., it is defined by Fx = {X*<Ξ**; <x, x*> = iMI = l |x*H } for x e X, where < , > denotes the natural pairing between X and Z* and || || denotes the norms in X and X*. An operator A is called accretive in X9 if for any [xf, x{] e G(y4), i = l,2, there is an element f^F(xi — x2) sucn tnat Ί ~~ 2>f> ^0> or equivalently,


Philosophy of Pancasila is a basic norm in Indonesian Nation economic
activity. The economy of Pancasila as its derivation becomes the spirit for
economic development and ideally becomes reference in all economic activities
developing at policy level and society activity. Concept of Philosophy of
Pancasila in practical level seems to be a textual symbol because the economic
development is even getting far from those fundamental values. Tin, as a nonrenewable
and irreplaceable natural resource, has been exploitatively managed by
putting aside the attaching values in the state ideology. This research wanted to
trace the ongoing tin character, give critical analysis, and recommend a new
perspective for the Philosophy of Pancasila implementation in a new tin
structuring.
This research is a philosophy research that has a qualitative characteristic
by taking actual problem topic, i.e. tin economy in Bangka Belitung Islands
Province. It was a literature research enriched with data collection from various
sources, i.e. interview, observation, and documentation. Data analysis technique
used in this research was descriptive, interpretative, historical continuity,
abstraction, and heuristic.
This research yielded some important findings. First, it took close
attention of tin history and tin practice that has been ongoing up to this moment


Based on the problem which is water quality instability and high energy consumption in the running of modified A2/O system in Changchun northern sewage treatment plant, we established the optimum parameters and optimized the operation conditions to provide technical support for the stable operation of the wastewater treatment plant by analyzing effect of the system in different conditions Test results showed the best dissolved oxygen concentration in the end of the aerobic tank, sludge recycling ratio and inner recycling ratio should be chosen 1.5~2.5mg/L, 80% and 180%. The operation results with optimal operation conditions showed that COD, ammonia nitrogen, SS, TN and TP removal rate were 89.07%, 80.44%, 95.27%, 61.09% and 89.88%. The process system effect is stable and effluent can satisfy the sewage discharged standards.


The epigraph is from Bruce Nauman, Please Pay Attention Please: Bruce Nauman's Words; Writings and Interviews, ed. Janet Kraynak (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2003), 62.


The six monarchies on the Arabian Peninsula have devoted enormous sums to defense in past decades. Nevertheless, the gap between their expensive armaments and their capacity to deter aggression and/or project military strength has narrowed but little in that time. This Element takes a political economy approach and argues that structural factors inherent in the Gulf states' political systems prohibit civilian oversight of the defense sector and are responsible for this outcome. Lax restraints on military outlays, in turn, enable widespread corruption, lead to large-scale waste, and account for the purchasing of unneeded, unsuitable, and incompatible weapons systems. The Element explores the challenges caused by plummeting oil prices and the resulting budget cuts and considers the development of domestic defense industries in Saudi Arabia and the UAE, intended as a part of their economic diversification program. The setbacks of the Saudi-led coalition's on-going war in Yemen starkly illustrate the narrative.


Abstract,
      This research seeks to explore the needs of the information required by stakeholders as management accountability college, so it can be prepared the annual reporting form that is required to describe the performance of financial and other information about the operational and development PT future.
      The research method used in this research is descriptive qualitative method, the process of extracting data through direct interviews structured with informants of stakeholders college, then the results of our interview in-depth analysis to collate and make adjustments to the rules Kemenristek dikti and regulations BAN PT, reporting is required for a college.
      The results showed annual reports uploaded or composed by several major colleges in Indonesia, there are still about reporting is dominated economic performance, in accordance with SFAS No. 45, while the operating performance reported by the academic colleges to PDPT in Kemenristek dikti, are not integrated and reflect the sustainability of the college. Researchers proposed the application of sustainable annual report which disclose the results or outcomes that occurred during a period in the context of the commitment, strategy, approach to the management of PT.


This report documents the removal of radiologically contaminated water from the Plutonium Recycle Test Reactor (PRTR) ion exchange vault. Approximately 57,000 liters (15,000 gallons) of water had accumulated in the vault due to the absence of a rain cover. The water was removed and the vault inspected for signs of leakage. No evidence of leakage was found. The removal and disposal of the radiologically contaminated water decreased the risk of environmental contamination.


Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) and American black ducks (hereafter black duck; A. rubripes) are closely related species with little niche separation, increasing likelihood of competition. In the 1950's, mallards began filling the functional niche of black ducks, now a species of conservation concern, by expanding their range eastward. I investigated ecological separation between mallards and black ducks in the Finger Lakes Region (FLR) of New York, January – March 2016 and 2017. The FLR provides some of the only inland wintering habitat for black ducks. My goal was to identify management actions to help sustain this population of wintering black ducks. I conducted occupancy surveys and used dynamic multi-species occupancy modeling to determine factors affecting the distribution of black ducks along the lakeshores, including the influence of mallards and human development. Occupancy of lakeshore points by black ducks varied negatively with the presence of buildings, local colonization varied negatively with proportion of developed land, and local extinction varied positively with dock density. Local extinction of both species varied by week, and corresponded to seasonal changes in weather. Colonization and extinction of lakeshore points by black ducks were positively correlated with those same parameters in mallards. My results suggest that black ducks are less tolerant of human structures (or human activities) than mallards. Due to the close association of mallards and black ducks, it appears to be difficult to manage black ducks separately when the two species are wintering along the shores of the Finger Lakes.


The invention discloses a preparation method for a surfactant produced from rhodococcus; the rhodococcus isolated and screened from the mud of the coastal beach is utilized, and is fermented to produce the surfactant; the technical steps comprise strain activation, strain seed liquid culture, strain fermentation culture and biosurfactant preparation; rhodococcus strain is firstly inoculated into solid fermentation medium for activating, and then is inoculated into liquid fermentation medium to obtain seed liquor; the seed liquor is inoculated into the liquid fermentation medium to obtain fermentation culture liquid, and then acid precipitation, centrifugal separation, organic solvent extraction and rotary evaporation are performed on the fermentation culture liquid; a biosurfactant finished product with high surface activity is prepared. The preparation method for the surfactant produced from the rhodococcus has a simple preparation technology, good emulsification on petroleum, good market application potential, and is convenient for popularization and application.


Since its appearance, the teaching mode "flipped classroom" has quickly become a most popular teaching mode in recent years. In practice, many a scholar has tried exploring this teaching mode and has got remarkable effectiveness. According to the characteristics of "flipped classroom" teaching mode and its realization form, this paper mainly explores the feasibility of applying "flipped classroom" and analyzes the implementation strategies of cooperative learning in higher vocational English teaching.


The invention discloses a multiplicative fractional order chaotic system and a mathematical model and a realization circuit thereof. The mathematical model is constructed by three nonlinear equation functions, wherein each nonlinear equation function is composed of one linear term absolute value and one linear term sum. The corresponding simulation (realization) circuit consists of three channel circuits and one function unit circuit. A first channel circuit, a second channel circuit and a third channel circuit respectively achieves the three nonlinear equation functions of the mathematical model, and a fourth channel circuit function unit circuit achieves a nonlinear absolute value function. The fractional order chaotic system only containing a middle multiplier based on the mathematical model can produce various chaos phenomena. The multiplicative fractional order chaotic system is simple in circuit structure and convenient to understand and integrate and has great promoting effect on secret communication, radar application and other aspects.


Seaweeds are established sentinels for metal contamination and are utilised for biomonitoring. Metallothionein (MT) is a protein that is induced by metal exposure, and has been widely used as a biomarker for metal pollution. MT has not been reported in spiral wrack (Fucus spiralis), but has been identified in bladder wrack (Fucus vesiculosus), where it has been suggested as a protective mechanism against metal exposure. This study aimed to evaluate the potential use of MT in F. spiralis as a biomarker for metal pollution for the first time. Samples were collected from Poole Harbour, UK, over a year-long period, from January to October 2015. MT and metal concentrations were quantified during winter, spring, summer, and autumn seasons. Linear regression analysis showed few relationships between MT and metal concentrations, apart from in summer. During summer, significant positive relationships existed between MT concentrations and iron (R 2 = 0.631), nickel (R 2 = 0.486), tin (R 2 = 0.579), and lead (R 2 = 0.415). It is possible that for most of the year, metal concentrations in Poole Harbour are not high enough to elicit a MT response in F. spiralis, as it is a metal tolerant species. However, during summer, rates of photosynthesis and growth increase, which may increase metal toxicity, due to the inhibition of photosynthesis and growth. Thus, MT may be induced in order to prevent disruption. This study suggests that the use of MT as a biomarker for metal pollution in F. spiralis may not be a sensitive biomarker at low levels of metal pollution. However, MT concentrations in F. spiralis may respond to metal exposure when natural processes are vulnerable to pollution. The potential for MT to be used as a biomarker in Fucus spp. has been highlighted, warranting further research to develop a promising cosmopolitan bioindicator for metal pollution.


Early Paleozoic to Pennsylvanian age strata are exposed in several of the Paleozoic arc sequences of the western United States cordillera where they form depositional basement for thick volcanic and volcaniclastic sequences of Permian age. New work in the Pine Forest range, BRD, however, indicates that this range contains a previously unrecognized, but extensive and structurally intact section of metamorphosed middle (and early ) Paleozoic through Late Permian age strata. This section has been dated paleontologically and radiometrically, and consists of the following (protolith descriptions in ascending stratigraphic order): (1) quartzo-feldspathic sedimentary and mafic volcanic rocks of probable early Paleozoic and/or Devonian age, and mafic volcanic rocks of probable Devonian age; (2) generally deep marine, chert/argillite/quartz-rich clastic rocks of post-late Devonian( ) to Late Mississippian age; (3) shallow marine carbonate of middle Carboniferous age; (4) volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks of Early Pennsylvanian age; (5) shallow marine limestone and volcaniclastic rocks of Early Permian( ) age. This stratigraphic succession documents a history that is very similar to that recorded in other Paleozoic arc sequences of the western United States cordillera, including a record of early Paleozoic to Devonian( ) quartzose sedimentation and volcanism, Mississippian deep marine siliciclastic sedimentation, some renewed volcanismmore » in Pennsylvanian time, and generally shallow marine to emergent conditions in Pennsylvanian to Early Permian time. A significant difference between the Paleozoic record in the BRD and that in other arc sequences further west, however, is the much greater thicknesses of volcanic rocks in the latter areas. This relation suggests that the BRD lay in a back-arc position relative to the main axis of Paleozoic arc volcanism.« less


The inclusion compounds, diclofenac sodium(DS) with β cyclodextrin (β CD) were prepared by con precipitate method. Determining physical constant and quantitative analysis showed that the molecular ratio of β CD to DS in the inclusion compounds was 1∶1 and 2∶1, respectively. The solubility of inclusive state DS was larger than that of the drug DS, and itsirritation to stomach was smaller than that of DS,and this irritation of 2∶1 inclusion compound was the smallest.


2. The kinetics of the hydrolysis of 2-naphthyl β-D-glucofuranosiduronic acid by β-glucuronidase were investigated. The pH optimum of the β-D-glucofuranosiduronic acid is 5.0 in phosphate-citrate buffer at 38°. The reaction velocity is constant with time. The Michaelis-Menten constant is 1.75×10-2M. The kinetics of the hydrolysis of 2-naphthyl β-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid by the enzyme were also investigated. The pH optimum is 4.7. The Michaelis-Menten constant is 1.3×10-3M. 3. In view of the above facts, it was concluded that β-D-glucofuranosiduronic acids could be a substrate for β-glucuronidase.


This chapter brings wealth into the picture, again in a comparative perspective, to bring out key features of recent trends and their implications for the prosperity and prospects of ordinary families. Data on the distribution of wealth has been improving in recent years, and new data are exploited here to examine patterns of wealth holding across the income distribution. In doing so, particular attention is paid to the extent and nature of wealth held by middle and lower income working-age families, and how this differs from those higher up the distribution. The chapter also looks at inequality in the distribution of wealth compared with income, and whether wealth inequality has widened as income inequality has grown.


A treatment agent for use in treating multiple sclerosis or relapsing-remitting secondary progressive at the time of relapse, comprising N- [7 - [(methylsulfonyl) amino] -4-oxo-6-phenoxy-4H -1- benzopyran-3-yl] formamide, or a salt thereof.


A physical model of microwave measuring of the permittivity on the basis of the waveguide T-junction with the multimode resonator is considered. The rigorous solution of the diffraction problem is obtained in the form of the linear algebraic equations system. Amplitude-frequency characteristics for various relations between wavelengths, geometrical sizes of structure and the material parameters of media are calculated. The practical application of the considered model — the trapped modes regime in the multimode resonator and resonant wave propagation in the medium are selected.


Electrical manipulation of lattice, charge, and spin is realized respectively by the piezoelectric effect, field‐effect transistor, and electric field control of ferromagnetism, bringing about dramatic promotions both in fundamental research and industrial production. However, it is generally accepted that the orbital of materials are impossible to be altered once they have been made. Here, electric field is used to dynamically tune the electronic‐phase transition in (La,Sr)MnO3 films with different Mn4+/(Mn3+ + Mn4+) ratios. The orbital occupancy and corresponding magnetic anisotropy of these thin films are manipulated by gate voltage in a reversible and quantitative manner. Positive gate voltage increases the proportion of occupancy of the orbital and magnetic anisotropy that were initially favored by strain (irrespective of tensile and compressive), while negative gate voltage reduces the concomitant preferential orbital occupancy and magnetic anisotropy. Besides its fundamental significance in orbital physics, these findings might advance the process towards practical oxide‐electronics based on orbital.


The dairy industry is one of the industrial activities classified within the food industries in all phases of the dairy industry, which leads to an increase in the amount of wastewater discharged from this industry. The study was conducted in the Abu Ghraib dairy factory, classified as one of the central factories in Iraq, located in the west of Baghdad governorate, with a design capacity of 22,815 tons of dairy products. The characteristics of the liquid waste generated from the factory were determined for the following parameters biological oxygen demand (BOD5), Chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), pH, nitrate, phosphate, chloride, and sulfate with an average value of (1079, 1945, 323, 9.2, 24, 23, 429, 235 mg/litre), respectively, and the biodegradation rate of wastewater (BOD5/COD) was determined, which amounted to 0.58. A model was created to predict the rate of biodegradation, which was 0.58. The results indicate that the generated wastewater is highly polluted with high concentrations of pollutants and causes considerable environmental damages that lead to the deterioration of aquatic life in the receiving water bodies and that the sewage generated by dairy factories is biodegradable and can be effectively treated through biological treatments.


We report the results of muon-spin relaxation measurements on the low-dimensional antiferromagnet
Rb4Cu(MoO4)3. No long-range magnetic order is observed down to 50 mK implying a ratio TN/J < 0.005
(where J is the principal exchange strength along the spin chains) and an effective ratio of interchain to
intrachain exchange of |J⊥/J | < 2 × 10−3, making the material an excellent realization of a one-dimensional
quantum Heisenberg antiferromagnet. We probe the persistent spin excitations at low temperatures and find that
ballistic spin transport dominates the excitations detected below 0.3 K.


This paper presents an efficient technique for energy minimisation based on dynamically variable supply voltages. The efficiency is achieved by considering that power consumed by the core depends on the computation carried out on it. Energy is further minimised by allowing the voltage supply to vary continuously. The computational delay introduced due to supply voltage reduction is tolerated by exploiting the idle time while meeting the system time constraint. The energy minimisation problem is formulated and solved using a iterative improvement algorithm. Various examples with different task set complexities show the efficiency of the proposed technique.


We study the problem of minimizing the vector norm $||\cdot||_p$ of the workloads. We examine move-optimal assignments and prove a performance guarantee of

$\frac{2^p-1}{p} \cdot \left(\frac{p-1}{2^p-2}\right)^{\frac{p-1}{p}},$

for any integer $p>1$ and moreover, we show that this guarantee is tight.

Additionally, we consider assignments obtained by applying the LPT-heuristic of Graham (1969). We prove that an LPT-assignment has a performance guarantee of

$\frac{3^p-2^p}{p} \cdot \left(\frac{p-1}{2 \cdot 3^p - 3 \cdot 2^p}\right)^{\frac{p-1}{p}},$

which reproves a result of Chandra and Wong (1975).


Cohesion is an affective group phenomenon. It has received a lot of attention from scholars both in Social Sciences and in Affective Computing that showed that cohesion and emotion influence each other, highlighting the need to jointly analyze them. This study presents 2 deep neural network architectures grounded on multitask learning to jointly predict cohesion and emotion. Inspired by 2 major Social Sciences approaches on group emotion (i.e., Top-down and Bottom-up), these architectures exploit cohesion and emotion interdependencies intending to improve the prediction of the dynamics (i.e. changes over time) of the Social and Task dimensions of cohesion. Emotion, here, is addressed in terms of its valence. Both architectures are evaluated against the performances of a similar model that only predicts the dynamics of both the Social and Task dimensions of cohesion, without integrating valence. Statistical analysis shows that only the deep model implementing the Bottom-up approach significantly improved the predictions of the Task cohesion's dynamics. This result confirms the theoretical and practical benefits of multitasking as it takes full advantage of the inherent relationships between group emotion and cohesion to improve Task cohesion's predictions.


Uniaxially aligned azobenzene liquid-crystalline polymers crosslinked by hydrogen bonding can deform in response to actinic light. The polymers can be precisely shaped due to high processability of hydrogen-bonded polymers. The mechanical properties of the polymer fibers were improved by introducing single-walled carbon nanotubes as a filler material. Because of weak hydrogen bonding, starting materials can be recovered, reused and recycled, which is very useful in view of chemical resource utilization.


In 2007, the population of Sub-Saharan Africa was estimated around 11. 5% of the world population. For the same year, the African Gross Domestic Product represented, however, only about 1. 5% of the world GDP. Besides, according to the World Bank projections, 46% of Africans will live on less than one dollar per day in 2015 and over 70% on less than two dollars per day. The current situation in which Sub-Saharan Africa is struggling can no longer be explained by the effects and defects of colonization, triangular commerce, or climatic conditions. The failure of the African development calls upon economic science, the successive paradigms of which turned out not to be able to set Africa along a path of sustainable growth. The subject of this dissertation is to attempt to prove that, in order to be pertinent, the debate on the failure of development policies in Sub-Saharan Africa should be, despite constraints linked to the "Westphalian" system, centered on the deficiencies of post-colonial State and therefore on "public governance".


Ganoderma lucidum , a renowned fungus for its medicinal properties and content of bioactive compounds include polysaccharides, triterpenoids, immune modulatory proteins, among others; it has generated a significant increase and interest in its production. Most species of fungi respond and adapt to various environmental signal including light, which affects it not only in productivity, but also in quality and quantity to be closely related to the fruiting bodies. Therefore, the objective of this study was evaluating the biological efficiency (EB) and the rate of production (TP) as production parameters of the solid culture of Ganoderma lucidum at under irradiation of the substrate with light emitting diodes blue (LED) with two levels of photo-stimulation constant 12 and 24 h during all steps of culture to induce mycelial growth and the formation of fruiting bodies. Conventional parameters were applied to stimulate the growth and development of the fungus in the stages of production. For the formulation of substrates agro-industrial waste and lignocellulosic materials were used. The diameter of the fruiting bodies under blue light treatments was higher than those exposed to white fluorescent light (control). The results show that the cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum with exposure to blue light is useful for induction of fruiting bodies of high quality, achieving a reduction of the period of fermentation in 16 days for the photo-stimulation of 24 h with EB of 28,04% and TP of 0,64.


The name Cupressinoxylon was introduced by Göppert who included the type of Retinodendron Zenker (Göppert, l.c.: 199). Cupressinoxylon is thus illegitimate under Art. 52.1 and 52.2 of the ICBN (Greuter & al., Regnum Veg. 138. 2000) as a superfluous renaming. Retinodendron is based on R. pityoides Zenker, a species that was established on unidentifiable material as Göppert (l.c.: 199) and Kräusel (Palaeontographica 62: 238. 1919) already stated. It is precisely because of its poorly preserved type that Göppert (l.c.) choose not to use Retinodendron. As already pointed out by Vaudois & Privé (Palaeontographica, Abt. B, Paläophytol. 134: 61-86. 1971), Cupressinoxylon has an intricate story. A similar name, Cupressoxylon Kraus (in Schimper, Traité Paléontol. Vég. 2: 374. 1870) has been considered either as an orthographic variant, e.g., by Saporta (Paléontol. Franç., Pl. Jurass. 3: 641. 1884) and by Knowlton (Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 11: 6. 1888); as a later nomenclatural synonym, e.g., by Seward (Foss. Pl. 4: 186. 1919); or as the name of a distinct genus, e.g., by Gothan (Abh. Königl. Preuss. Geol. Landesanst. 44: 7. 1905) and by Kräusel (l.c.: 197–206. 1919). As only one nomenclatural type is involved (vide Kraus l.c.: 374), under the present Code it must be treated as an orthographic variant (Art. 61.2). As the woods of Cupressaceae, Taxodiaceae and Podocarpaceae are sometimes difficult or even impossible to distinguish, etymological inferences have been used in various and contradictory ways (Prill & Kräusel in Jahrb. Preuss. Geol. Landesanst. 38: 205–213. 1920). There is a long tradition to use Cupressinoxylon in a broad sense, i.e., for a genus comprising all woods of Cupressaceae type (e.g., by Kräusel, l.c. 11919, Torrey in Mem. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 6: 94. 1923 and Sahni in Palaeontol. Indica 11: 66. 1931). On the other hand, several present-day workers adopt it in a restricted sense, i.e., for a genus comprising only those woods of Cupressaceae type which cannot be assigned to a more precise fossil genus (Vaudois & Privé, l.c.: 82). ICBN rules have never been strictly applied to the case of this generic name, as is illustrated by Müller-Stoll & Schultze-Motel (Z. Deutsch. Geol. Ges. 141: 66–67. 1990). They ascribe Cupressinoxylon to 'Schenk 1890' because the oldest species described in Cupressinoxylon that they accept is from that publication. In spite of the fact that there have been these disputes surrounding Cupressinoxylon, this name has been commonly used for the last 50 years with the diagnosis given by Kräusel (l.c.: 150, 151, 174. 1919), for example by Radforth (Trans. Roy. Soc. Canada, Sect. 5, Biol. Sci. 52(5): 48–50. 1958), Greguss (Foss. Gymn. Woods Hungary: 59. 1967), Barale (Doc. Lab. Geol. Univ. Lyon 81: 208. 1981), Desplats (in Alvarez-Ramis & al., Cretaceous Res. 2: 341. 1981), Gottwald (Palaeontographica, Abt. B, Paläophytol. 179: 138-151. 1981), Zhang Shan-Zhen & Cao Zheng-Yao (Acta Palaeobot. Palynol. Sin. 8(1): 23. 1986), Rajanikanth & Sukh-Dev (Geophytology 19: 52–64. 1989), Shilkina (Voproci Paleoflorist. Stratigr.: 89. 1989), Müller-Stoll & Schultze-Motel (Z. Deutsch. Geol. Ges. 141: 66. 1990), Philippe (Palaeontographica, Abt. B, Paläophytol. 236: 67. 1995), Yadav & Bhattacharyya (Palaeobotanist 45: 60–61. 1996), Zhang Wu & Shang Ping (Palaeobotanist 45: 389. 1996) and Morgans (Palaeontology 42(2) : 308. 1999). Dozens of species have been described under this generic name and are widely used, even by authors who


Objetive: To assess the level of empathetic orientation of the dentistry students at the Fundación Universitaria San Martín, sede Puerto Colombia (Atlántico, Colombia). Materialsand methods: There were carried out a descriptive, crosssectional research. 102 students of the Dentistry School who belonged to 1°, 2°, 3° 4°, and 5° levels participated in the study. The Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy was applied. The ShapiroWilk normality test and homocedasticityLevene test were performed for the data analysis. Descriptive statistician statigraphs were considered in all the studied factors. Finally, average comparison mean was made through a Bifactorial analysis of variance. Results: No significant differences (p> 0.05) in the course and factor in ongoing interaction and gender, but highly significant differences were observed (p <0.005) in the "gender" factor. Empathic orientation is higher in females than males, but both are independent of each other in the study population. Conclusions: The results show that the studied variable does not change much between the different race courses, but if you mark in fourth year. No significant differences between genders.


Abstract Samples of New Zealand effluents and receiving waters were analysed for enterococci by the USA Environmental Protection Agency membrane filter method. Enterococcus counts were typically an order of magnitude lower than corresponding faecal coliform counts. Pinprick‐size colonies were a problem in minimally treated effluent samples analysed by this method. These colonies required verification to obtain an accurate count. Similar samples were also analysed for Enterococci by an In‐house MPN method, developed for turbid samples. The In‐house method, which involves presumptive isolation in azide dextrose broth and confirmation on the media used for the membrane filter method, was found to be simple to use and to give satisfactory results. Quality control tests, also described, found that this method performed similarly to the membrane filter method and also to an MPN method recommended by the American Public Health Association for Enterococci. Effluents could be analysed by this method without proble...


Summary The average urinary excretion of vit. B12 in 14 subjects on normal diets was found to be 31 my per day. Similar values were obtained in 28 subjects maintained for 3 days on the following diets: milk, alkaline ash? low protein, and high protein. A somewhat higher value was found in 8 subjects on high purine diets, and the increase over normal was shown to be due to interfering compounds. On the third day of fasting, 6 subjects were found to excrete an average of 62 my vit. B12 per day. The average CF excretion by the subjects on the above diets accounts for only part of the total FA compounds excreted, and appears to be correlated with the total FA values. Differences in vitamin B12 excretion resulting from dietary changes are not similar to those observed in CF and FA excretion.


The lined seahorse, Hippocampus erectus, is an Atlantic species, which mainly inhabits shallow sea beds or coral reefs. Seahorse has become very popular in China due to its wide use in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). However, the aquaculture of the lined seahorse has been threatened by a variety of diseases, especially bacterial infections. Skin ulcer syndrome becomes more and more common in the culture of seahorses, leading to skin ulcer, liver erosion and minority tail rotting. These diseased seahorses die in only 72 hr, causing huge economic losses in aquaculture. Pathogen HMT‐1 was isolated from the lined seahorses with skin ulcer syndrome, which was identified as Vibrio harveyi. The median lethal dose (LD₅₀) of HMT‐1 was 2.88 × 10⁸ cfu/ml. The pathogenic mechanism of HMT‐1 was preliminarily studied, and the pathological changes of the diseased lined seahorses were also investigated. Moreover, the activities of ACP, complement 3, SOD and LZM at different time post injection were measured by commercial kits. Our findings can provide reliable reference for diagnosis and treatment in the future.


Background and Aims Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are characterized by impulsivity, distraction, and hyperactivity and have high comorbidity with sluggish cognitive tempo. This study aimed to investigate the effect of mentalization-based treatment (MBT) on slow cognitive tempo and clinical symptoms (symptoms) of children with ADHD. Methods The study method was semi-experimental with pre-test, post-test, and follow-up with a control group design. The statistical population in this study were 7-9 years old students with ADHD studying in public schools in the six districts of Isfahan. To select the sample, 28 mothers of students who met the inclusion criteria were assigned and randomly divided into experimental and control groups (14 students in each group). The research instruments were the sluggish cognitive tempo questionnaire and the connors parent form questionnaire. The sessions of this treatment were 8 sessions of 60 minutes that were presented to the mothers of the experimental group and were not provided to the educational control group. After examining the assumptions of statistical tests, repeated measures analysis of variance was used. Data were analyzed using SPSS software, version 21. Results Comparing the experimental group with the control group showed that the SCT and symptoms of ADHD in the experimental group compared to the control group were significantly reduced (P<0.01). Also, the comparison of mean scores showed a significant difference between pre-test and post-test and follow-up scores in both variables. Still, there was no significant difference between post-test and follow-up stage scores. There is a significant difference between the mean scores of SCT and the ADHD symptoms in the experimental and control groups and pre-test, post-test, and follow-up. Conclusion Considering the effectiveness of mentalization-based therapy on sluggish cognitive tempo and ADHD symptoms, this approach can be used as an effective treatment method in Iran.


We have programed for the multinomial trend surface analysis and made the plane and stereoscopic isopleth maps on the MAPGIS, which display the characteristics and trend of changes in space of 7 parameters, such as the undulation of top(bottom) bedding plane of ore-bearing horizon in Kuangshanchang ore-block, the thickness of ore-bearing horizon, orebody thickness, Pb grade, Zn grade. And we have summarized the distribution rule and variation tendency of orebody in space, put forward the deep target area of metallogenetic prognosis.


The purpose of this study is to make an analysis on 'The Influence of Culture in Conflict Resolution'. Daily news on media is packed with information on various conflict resolutions going on throughout the world in an attempt to end ongoing disputes. Nations, organisations, communities, governments and individuals negotiate as final attempts to resolve differences in a diplomatic forum rather than combative retaliation. These negotiations can be protracted and tenuous especially when the disputing parties come from different cultures. It's influenced by cultural differences which play a significant role in determining peace and development in a conflict situation among individuals, ethnic groups or nation. This thesis asserts that, culture is a neglected aspect in a conflict resolution especially between Israel and Palestine conflict as a case study. Cultural misunderstandings are main additional confounding factors that cause complications in communication creating misperceptions hindering acceptable compromise. This happens when arbitrators/negotiators come from different cultural background.


The utility model relates to a mobile phone SIM card tray, and belongs to the technical field of mobile phone structures. The mobile phone SIM card tray includes a tray and an end cover. An SIM card placing position is disposed on the tray. The end cover includes a cover plate and at least two clamping lugs. The clamping lugs are respectively fixed to two ends vertically at the same side of the cover plate, and a tray insertion groove is disposed between the clamping lugs disposed on the two ends vertically at the same side of the cover plate. An end, connecting to the cover plate, of the tray is inserted into the tray insertion groove, and is fixedly connected to the clamping lugs. By use of the structure, the exterior of the SIM card tray matches a mobile phone better as the tray and the end cover are fixedly connected through the movement of the clamping lugs, the installation is facilitated, the gap error is smaller, and the problem of poor contact with an SIM card can be effectively avoided. In addition, the mobile phone SIM card tray is simple in structure, low in cost and wide in application range.


In this paper, we study the impact of task reallocations/migrations on a grid platform, composed of parallel resources, each supervised by a batch scheduler. Results of simulations using real life traces show that gains of 40% can be attained on the average waiting time of jobs even if tasks are initially mapped by a meta-scheduler on the cluster giving the best completion time.


An efficient strategy to produce unnatural glycooligomers containing thiourea intersaccharide bridges has been developed. The presence of the thiourea groups in these oligomers should promote the association with polyphosphates, including nucleic acids, due to the hydrogen-bonding capabilities of the thioureas. Moreover, glycooligomers built from thiourea groups should form complex secondary and tertiary structures due to the interplay of hydrogen bonding and rotational restriction at the bonds adjacent to thiocarbonyl groups. Herein, the preparation and conformational properties of both linear and dendritic architectures are described. This synthetic method relies on the coupling of peracetylated azidoglycosyl isothiocyanates and fully unprotected amine-functionalised growing oligomers. Deacetylation of the hemiacetylated thiourea adduct and reduction of the azido groups allow entry into a new coupling cycle. The procedure is quite general, should be easily extended to molecular diversity-oriented and solid-phase approaches and will allow the investigation of intermolecular interactions. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)


It has been known that tensile residual stresses occurring by the thermal expansion coefficient mismatch between fiber and matrix is a cause of the weak strength of metal matrix composites(MMCs). In order to solve this problem, TiNi alloy fiber was used as a reinforced material in TiNi/A16001 shape memory alloy composite in this study. TiNi alloy fiber improves the tensile strength of the composite by causing compressive residual stress in matrix on the basis of its shape memory effect. Pre-strain was imposed to generate the compressive residual stresses inside the TiNi/A16001 shape memory alloy composites. AE technique was used to quantify the microscopic damage behavior of the composite at high temperature. The effect of applied pre-strains on the AE behavior was also evaluated.


We read with great interest the recent publication by Rugge et al, in which the authors conducted a cohort study to evaluate the association between autoimmune gastritis (AIG) and gastric cancer (GC). No excess risk of gastric or other malignancies was observed over a cumulative followup time of 10 541 personyears, except for (marginally significant) thyroid cancer (standardised incidence ratio=3.09; 95 % CI 1.001 to 7.20). They concluded that, compared with the general population, corpusrestricted inflammation/atrophy observed in patients with AIG do not increase the risk of GC. The excess GC risk reported in patients with AIG may be influenced by unrecognised previous/ current Helicobacter pylori comorbidity. We previously reported 76 GC cases, positive for the antiparietal cell antibody (APCA) test; among them, 8 cases developed cancer in pure AIG stomachs without an apparent history of H. pylori infection. Nevertheless, in regions such as Japan, where the H. pylori infection rate is high, the diagnosis of AIG is often difficult because many patients who test positive for APCA tend to have an unrecognised H. pylori infection. While we agree with the authors' opinion, we understand the ongoing debate on this topic given that gastric atrophy and metaplasia (including spasmolytic polypeptideexpressing metaplasia (SPEM) and intestinal metaplasia), which are thought to be definite precancerous lesions in the inflamed stomach, develop in patients with AIG, often at an even greater degree than H. pylorirelated gastritis. Considering this discrepancy, we hypothesised that the presence of autoimmune responses in patients with AIG might cause unknown molecular changes, in atrophic and metaplastic glands, compared with H. pylorirelated cases. To address this, we performed histological analyses on cases from a previously matched cohort study. A total of 16 patients who developed GC were examined: 8 APCA+, AIGsuspected cases and 8 H. pylori+/APCA– matched cases. Immunohistochemical staining of markers for Tcells (CD3), proliferation (Ki67), cancer stem cells/SPEM (CD44v9) and dysplastic transition (TROP2) were performed. CD3 was assessed based on the number of intraepithelial CD3expressing cells per field. Ki67, CD44v9 and TROP2 were evaluated using three grades. Patient characteristics and representative images are shown in table 1 and figure 1, respectively. Patient characteristics (sex, age, serum gastrin level and atrophy/metaplastic grades) were matched between the two groups. Precancerous lesions adjacent to cancerous lesions showed a greater intraepithelial infiltration of CD3positive cells in the APCA+ group compared with the H. pylori+APCA− group (22.75±10.89 vs 10.25±5.52, p=0.008), consistent with T celldependent autoimmune reaction. No differences in Ki67 or CD44v9 expression were observed, suggesting that immunological differences did not affect epithelial proliferation or SPEM development. The precancerous lesions in H. pylori+ cases and cancerous lesions in both groups were diffusely positive for TROP2, whereas precancerous lesions in APCA+ cases had much lower positivity for TROP2 (6/2/0 vs 1/1/6 in grade Letter


Wang Tao was the first historian who went out to see the world.He not only learned ancient Chinese classics from childhood but also understood the Western learning.He was not only influenced by Chinese traditional culture but also clearly aware of the irresistible tendency of the social change.In studying the formation of Wang Tao's historical view of change,one should investigate the influence of modern Western learning and the effect of Chinese culture.One should take into account the political society of deep-rooted weakness and economic environment of long-standing poverty,and the potential spur of Chinese traditional culture.These two aspects seem to be contradictory and conflicting,but in reality there exists a bridge that can link them up.


Cellular DNAs from 64 human hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) and 4 human HCC cell lines were studied for gross structural alterations in c-myc and c-Ha-ras proto-oncogenes. A 12th codon mutation of the c-Ha-ras gene in the DNA of one tumor tissue and a 3 to 4-fold amplification of the c-myc gene in that of 2 tumor tissues were found. There was no gross DNA rearrangement of c-myc and c-Ha-ras genes or significant gene amplification of the c-Ha-ras gene in any of the tumor tissues or cell line DNAs. Although these results do not exclude the possibility that more subtle changes occur in these proto-oncogenes that play some role in human hepatocarcinogenesis, the 12th codon mutation of the c-Ha-ras gene and gross structural alterations, such as DNA rearrangement or gene amplification of c-myc and c-Ha-ras genes, appear to occur in a minority of human HCCs.


In recent years, due to the increasing popularization of various data broadcast services, the amount and the variety of broadcast data have been increasing. As a result, there is a strong demand for filtering techniques that automatically extract only the necessary data. The optimum filtering processing method changes according to such environmental factors as computational capability, number of receivers, and network load. However, to change the processing method according to the environment, filtering results must be consistent among multiple processing methods. In this paper, we describe the implementation of an information filtering system that optimizes the processing method based on mathematical properties. This system automatically changes the processing method to the optimum method according to the environment.


component. The behavior of real surfaces at large angles of incidence would be of extreme interest in view of off-specular peaks which have been studied by Torance, Sparrow, and Birkebak, e.g., Ref. 5. The significant point to be made is that photon-induced forces cannot be predicted satisfactorily for real surfaces that have combined diffuse and specularly reflecting properties by using ideal reflectance models. Lastly, a few remarks are in order on possible changes in the result for solar energy that could be experienced if experimental reflectance data were available to permit relaxation of the assumption that reflection occurs only in the plane of incidence. The same total reflected energy is assumed as follows: 1) Diffuse model. Pz and Py would be zero and Px would not be changed in magnitude. 2) Specular model. By definition of pure specular reflection, there would be no change in results and Py = 0. 3) Real surface model. The general trend would be to increase the diffuse characteristics of the reflected energy. Assuming the same orientation of axes and a reflection func-


This paper describes the geology of the Wilburton gas field of the Arkoma basin (McAlester coal basin) which extends from 12 miles SW. of Wilburton, Okla., to 4 miles NE. of that city. The field is economically significant and sufficiently interesting and unusual to be worthy of a description of the petroleum geology; in addition, it is advantageously situated along the Choctaw fault, the boundary between the Arkoma basin and Ouachita Mt. provinces, so that a comparsion of the 2 provinces can be made. Nearly continuous 3-dimensional data are available across the Arkoma basin, the Wilburton Field, and southward to the central Quachitas. Nowhere else is the relationship between the provinces so well documented. (16 refs.)


Out ing an drought of organization the the perspective adversity came a that document of of six are California years changand of drought came a document and an organization that are changing the p rspective of Cal fornia water utilities on water conservation. During previous periods of drought, conservation helped water agencies to make it through short-term shortages, but using conservation to reduce long-term water demand is a newer concept for many of these water suppliers. Because of continued population growth and limited raw water supplies in the state, water planners are now looking at reduction of demand as a way to supplement existing supply.


Harel's [2] notion of intel lectual need is refined by employing Davis' [1] findingsabout interesting propositions in social sciences. A few hypothetical examples of how thisrevised definition might aid in planning mathematics lessons which provide meaningfulnessfor the students are presented.


The work is devoted to studying the denitrification of wastewater station CBS. For this purpose, the bacteria were grown denitifitsiruyuschie. After 7 days at the expense of the life of bacteria concentration of nitrate ions decreased by almost 1,000 times. In order to accelerate the development of denitrifying bacteria used in the activator-drug Mikropan RN, comprising heterotrophs. It is noted that the use of bioactivator can accelerate the process of denitrification. As the environment for "growing" and the development of natural soil bacteria was used. If we draw growing bacteria on the activated sludge, denitrification several indicators worsen. In determining the dependence of the rate of the denitrification process from the time determined that while the waste water denitrification to MACs in static conditions is not less than 1 hour. Biological denitrification technology is implemented in the existing aeration basin, where there was a zone of denitirifikatsii. Performs quality control of the entire plant according to the following sampling points: the raw water, sludge mixture zone denitrification sludge mixture aerobic zone, purified water. A fixed concentration of dissolved oxygen, redox potential, the pH value (pH), concentration of the sludge volume and weight, sludge index, COD, turbidity and the concentration of nitrite and nitrate ions. After the test for 6 months it found that the main limiting factor for the efficient removal of nitrogen is dissolved oxygen. To reduce the concentration of dissolved oxygen is expedient increase in the size of all of the aeration tank, which will enable to expand the dimensions of the denitrification zone. It is also necessary to provide an additional selection organic carbon source.


This paper reports the isolation, characterization, and GC-MS analysis of Mugil parsia fish oil collected from the Rupsha River in Khulna. The oil was extracted from the dried fish by using the Soxhlet apparatus with n-hexane, with an oil yield of 17± 4.0 %. The moisture, ash, and protein content of the raw fish were found to be 75.45 %, 1.258 %, and 20.00 % respectively. The physicochemical compositions of the extracted oil like color, specific gravity, peroxide value, saponification value, free fatty acid (FFA), acid value, and iodine value were determined and were found to be yellowish brown in color, 0.913±0.31, 9.9±0.1 meq/kg, 295.4±3.0 mg KOH/g, 11.9±2.0%, 5.7±0.11mg KOH/g, and 150.3±0.12 mg/100g respectively.  Fatty acid composition was identified by GC-MS analysis of the Mugil parsia fish oil, showed the Phthalic acid, mono-(2-ethylhexyl) ester, palmitic acid, oleic acid, stearic acid, icosanoic anhydride, glycidyl stearate were identified as the major constituents.


Crohn's disease is an idiopathic chronic transmural inflammatory condition of the intestine. Common complications include intestinal obstruction, internal and external fistulae, and spontaneous abcess formation. Intra- abdominal abscess affects 7-28% of patients with Crohn's disease. This discussion will provide an overview of intra- abdominal abscess in Crohn's disease focusing on risk factors, clinical features, evaluation and management.


Air quality in residential premises equipped with modern airtight windows and entrance doors causes public complaints. We discussed peculiarities of air quality changes in residential buildings resulting from large-scale use of window glass units, which
are characterized by increased thermal resistance and high-quality insulation, used in modern residential construction. Regulatory and law documentation are analyzed. Advisability of using mechanical supply and exhaust ventilation in residential premises, as well as special inlet devices – ventilation valves, which ensure sufficient air exchange in the apartment, unlike
currently used exhaust ventilation system with natural inducement, are substantiated. It is suggested to coordinate the requirements of current sanitary standards and rules for residential premises with the requirements of engineering regulatory documents.


the nature and diversity of moral codes can be understood in terms of a few basic propensities honed by diachronic dialectics between what people do and what they are supposed to do in the culture in question. many of the moral heuristics presented by sunstein can be seen as by-products of these processes.


. Parental burnout and distance education arrangements during the 2020 COVID-19 lockdown. The Finnish Journal of Education 54 (2), 101


Although many devices have recently been proposed for pressure regulation and energy harvesting in water distribution and transport networks, very few applications are still documented in the scientific literature. A new in-line Banki turbine with positive outflow pressure and a mobile regulating flap, named Power Recovery System (PRS), was installed and tested in a real water transport network for the regulation of pressure and flow rate. The PRS turbine was directly connected to a 55 kW asynchronous generator with variable rotational velocity, and coupled to an inverter. The start-up tests showed how automatic adjustment of the flap position and the runner velocity variation are able to change the characteristic curve of the PRS according to the flow delivered by the water manager or to the pressure set-point assigned downstream or upstream of the system, maintaining good efficiency values in hydropower production.


Female metropolitan novels in the 1990s have drawn the public attention in and out of the literary world.That has a close relationship with the literary production.In the context of consumer culture,literature and the identity of the woman magazine and press the role of fundamental transformation,this switch profoundly affects 1990s female writing behavior,and then decides the fate of the text with them,and at the same time also makes readers in their works produced interest.Production mechanism for women actively involved in writing brings prosperity landscape,but also to a certain extent,the writer makes a feminist ideology charisma,female writing sank into consumerism trap,and its cultural and political significance.


: In this work, the routes for inbound / outbound from each berth in the port of Chornomorsk were designed according to the ship's pilotage plan for navigational purposes. On the basis of the received information, a computer ‐ aided planning of recommended routes for pilotage of all types of vessels, which would call the port of Chornomorsk, was developed. The results of the automatic analysis by the computer program are designed as the matrix of coordinates for inbound / outbound at the port. In order to verify the cybersecurity of the introduced model of automatic planning of the path by the coordinates of trajectory points and using the decision support systems for the automatic control of the parameters of maneuvering by technical methods, radar observations were carried out. After observation the comparing analysis of the accuracy of ship and shore radar systems was done, the methodology of the observations for coastal systems developed. Conducted radar observation of 300 arrivals and 200 departures of vessels from the port of Chornomorsk according to the developed plans for each berth in the port. The recommended routes were integrated into the expanded computer program «Path Planning IS», which made it possible to obtain the matrixes of coordinates of the observations. A comparative analysis of the computer simulation and practical transition of ships in the recommended water area of the port demonstrated that the introduced model is confirmed by the results of the observations. On the basis of the analysis, it is determined that the developed model ensures the cybersecurity of the processes of maneuvering in confined waters.


Abstract : The current understanding of droplet generation processes from liquid films is reviewed. Films are defined as liquids with one free and one wall-bound surface. In many of the systems where films occur, atomization is an undesirable side-effect of the two-phase flow. The motivation for this study, however, is a process where atomization from the film is the goal--an injector used in a rocket combustion chamber. Because atomization is often unwanted in film configurations, few studies focus on the mechanisms that cause atomization in this set-up. The large body of literature on the atomization of jets and sheets is, therefore, utilized in this review. Similarities and differences between the geometries are discussed when applicable. Generally, the atomization is considered to involve two steps: the creation of a disturbance on the film surface and the breakdown of this disturbance into droplets. Prompt Atomization, where atomization occurs directly at a nozzle exit, is also briefly discussed. Several atomization mechanisms are identified from the literature. Theoretical descriptions are given where available, but, due to limitations in the current understanding and the complexity of the atomization process, these are somewhat incomplete. Consequently, important nondimensional groupings and a selection of empirical correlations are also given to aid in the understanding of film atomization.


A low power and portable EEG with active electrodes for continuous monitoring of brain waves is presented. Main innovation in the project is the development of high performance dry active electrodes, which are more practical and wearable than the conventional wet electrodes. The device was built with discrete low power analog and digital integrated circuits provided by Texas Instruments, with minimal power consumption in mind. The results obtained shows that, the device performs similar or even better than the conventional EEG systems.


There is a unique religious ritual, called "Pilgrimage to the Holy Land" in Hindu India. In India, there are lots of holy places but the Ganges is considered as the most important holy place by the Hindus. The Ganges is a symbol of Hindu culture and civilization which have been changed constantly and it is the most Holy River. Its water is accepted as Sacred Water. The myths of the Ganges mentioned in Rig Veda(BC 12) and Ramayana are innumerable. In this paper, I examine the myths of the Ganges, the story about the Ganges which flows in heaven, then came down to the ground, and the story of severe penance done by descendants to save their ancestors and give them salvation with that water. Also, this paper was focused on the image of the Ganges shown in contemporary literature of major Indian writers. The poem "Jan-Gan-Man" that is written about the sancity and dynamic of the Ganges by Taogre becomes India"s national anthem. It is a song which prays dream, hope and victory of India. I choose Gitanjali(35) to show that India is Holy Land and it has the future image of colonial India which pursues more higher dream, liberality, truth and rationality.


The incorporation mechanisms of residual impurities in GaAs layers grown by molecular‐beam epitaxy has been investigated by high‐resolution photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy at 2 K. A systematic study of near‐band‐edge emissions of undoped GaAs layers grown at a wide range of growth temperatures (Tg), 470–750 °C, demonstrates that PL spectra related with residual impurities are significantly dependent upon Tg. It was found that maximum emission intensity of free exciton is obtained at Tg ∼550 °C, and the minimum impurity incorporation is established at Tg of 550–650 °C.


This note is an illustration of the density-increment method used in the proof of the density Hales-Jewett theorem for k = 3. (Polymath project [2]) I will repeat the argument applying it to a problem which is easier than DHJ. In the last section I will describe the proof of the density Hales-Jewett theorem for k = 3. The results stated here are direct interpretations of the project's results, no originality is claimed.


In 1927 Emil Kraepelin updated his pre-War textbook Klinische Psychiatrie , highlighting the impact of cocaine on the mental health services of that era. In 2007 Pat McFadden, the Minister for Social Exclusion, discussed the cost of 'chaotic' people, defined by Baker & Velleman as those mentally


Preventive lymphaticovenous anastomosis (LVA) may be an ideal method to diminish occurrence of lymphedema after mastectomy and axillary dissection. Identifying the location of the end of arm drainage lymphatic vessels in the axillary area is one key point for this approach and generally is very difficult. Boccardo et al. described their experience on using methylenum coeruleum to localize arm drainage lymphatic vessels for lymphedema prevention with LVA. However, this method may not be reliable. A near-infrared illumination system-integrated microscope allows intraoperative microscopic indocyanine green (ICG) lymphography in which location of lymphatic vessels are guided simultaneously during microscopic dissection of the vessels. Primarily, the microscope was developed to visualize blood flows during microscopic neurosurgical procedures, and used in identifying lymphatic vessels in treatment of lymphedema with LVA. However, none was reported in application of this technique in lymphedema prevention with LVA. From April to June 2015, we used the microscope with a near-infrared illumination system for ICG lymphography to perform LVA to prevent lymphedema immediately after mastectomy and axillary dissection in three patients. Two of three patients also underwent breast reconstruction with the deep inferior epigastric perforator flap and latissimus dorsi flap combined with tissue expander. With the assistance of microscope (Zeiss Pentero 900, Carl Zeiss, Oppenheim, Germany) with ICG lymphography, the main arm drainage lymphatic vessel was identified around 2 cm below the axillary vein and just beyond the second intercostobrachial nerve in all of three cases. Anastomoses of lymphatic vessels to lateral chest veins were performed and the patency was confirmed within 20–30 min (Fig. 1). The use of the microscope with near infrared imaging function for ICG lymphography would facilitate the procedure of LVA in prevention of lymphedema to the patient undergoing mastectomy and axillary dissection.


MMPs play a key role in tumor cell invasion, angiogenesis, and growth. The aim of the study was to determine the expression and cellular distribution of MMP-26 in endometrial cancers and benign endometrium throughout the menstrual cycle and the correlation with tumor histological subtype, stage, and grade by immunohistochemical analysis. The result indicated that MMP-26 was expressed in endometrial carcinomas and benign endometrium at various stages of the menstrual cycle. The highest staining intensity was associated with endometrial epithelial cells, followed by vascular endothelial cells, myometrial smooth muscle cells, and endometrial stromal cells. Increased staining intensity of MMP-26 correlated with tumor grade and MMP-26 with the depth of myometrial invasion in tumors. Therefore, the results suggest that MMP-26 may play a key role in endometrial tumor progression.


: We investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of hydroxyethyl starch (HES) 6% 200/0.5 on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells based on the high mobility group protein B1/nuclear transcription factor-κB (HMGB1/NF-κB) signaling pathway. The mouse monocyte macrophage RAW264.7 cells were divided into control group (no additional treatment), LPS group (0.2 pg/ml LPS), LPS+HES group (0.2 pg/ml LPS+6% HES) and LPS+TAK-242 (HMGB1/NF-κB signal pathway blocker) group (0.2 pg/ml LPS The LPS+HES+TAK-242 group (0.2 pg/ml LPS+6% HES+1 μ mol/l TAK-242) was cultured for 48 hours. Griess method and ELISA were used to detect the levels of nitric oxide (NO), tumor necro sis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β in cell supernatant. The level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detected by flow cytometry. The mitochondrial membrane potential was detected by immunofluorescence. The mRNA expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), HMGB1, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), nuclear factor-κ b in hibitory protein α (IκBα) and NF-κB were detected by qRT-PCR. The expressions of HMGB1, TLR4, IκBα, phosphorylated IκBα (p-IκBα), NF-κB and phosphorylated NF-κB (p-NF-κB) were detected by western blotting. Compared with the control group, the expression levels of NO, TNF-ɑ, IL-6, IL-1β, ROS, iNOS, HMGB1, TLR4, NF-κB mRNA, HMGB1, TLR4 and p-NF-κB proteins in the LPS group, LPS+HES group, LPS+TAK-242 group and LPS+HES+TAK-242 group increased (P<0.05), the expression levels of mitochondrial membrane potential, IκBα mRNA and p-IκBα protein decreased (P<0.05). Compared with LPS group, the expression levels of NO, TNF-ɑ, IL-6, IL-1β, ROS, iNOS, HMGB1, TLR4, NF-κB mRNA, HMGB1, TLR4 and p-NF-κB proteins in the LPS+HES group, LPS+TAK-242 group and LPS+HES+TAK-242 group in creased (P<0.05), the expression levels of mitochondrial membrane potential, IκBα mRNA and p-IκBα protein decreased (P<0.05). The expression levels of mitochondrial membrane potential, IκBα mRNA and p-IκBα protein increased (P<0.05). Six % HES 200/0.5 could down-regulate the expression of molecules related to HMGB1/NF-кB signaling pathway, and re duce the inflammatory response of RAW264.7 cells induced by LPS. expressions of HMGB1, TLR4 mRNA and protein, NF-κB mRNA and p-NF-κB protein increased, and the expressions of IκBα mRNA and p-IκBα decreased, suggesting that LPS promoted the expression of mol ecules related to HMGB1/NF-кB signaling pathway. Compared with LPS group, the levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in the supernatant of LPS+HES group, LPS+TAK-242 group and LPS+HES+TAK-242 group decreased, the expressions of HMGB1 and TLR4 mRNA and protein, NF-κB mRNA and p-NF-κB protein decreased, and the expressions of IκBα mRNA and p-IκBα increased, suggesting that HES 200/0.5 affect ed HMGB1/NF-кB. The mechanism may be related to the inhibition of TLR4 receptor, but the stimulation of LPS on RAW264.7 cells can af fect many signal pathways, and the anti-inflammatory effect of HES 200/0.5 may also be related to other signal pathways, which needs fur ther experimental verification.


Purpose:Long-term topical antiglaucoma therapy is considered a significant risk factor for failure of trabeculectomy. We investigated the effects of antiglaucoma drugs on proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine release from cultured human Tenon's capsule fibroblasts (HTFs) as well as the signaling pathways that underlie such effects. Materials and Methods:Release of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-6 and the chemokines IL-8 and monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1 was measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The phosphorylation (activation) of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) as well as the phosphorylation and degradation of the nuclear factor-&kgr;B (NF-&kgr;B) inhibitor I&kgr;B-&agr; were assessed by immunoblot analysis. Results:Latanoprost stimulated the release of IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1 from HTFs in a concentration-dependent and time-dependent manner, whereas timolol maleate and pilocarpine had no such effects. Latanoprost also activated the MAPKs extracellular signal-regulated kinase, p38, and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase as well as induced the phosphorylation and degradation of I&kgr;B-&agr; in these cells. The latanoprost-induced release of IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1 was attenuated by inhibitors of MAPK (PD98059, SB203580, or JNK inhibitor II) or NF-&kgr;B (I&kgr;B kinase 2 inhibitor) signaling pathways. Conclusions:Latanoprost induced proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine release from HTFs in a manner dependent on MAPK and NF-&kgr;B signaling. These effects of latanoprost might influence bleb scarring after filtration surgery.


Based on the absolutely average convergence of a number sequence,the concept of absolutely average bounded number sequence is given.Space Aab(K) is defined as absolutely average bounded number sequences over the real or complex scalar field K,which is a space between space l∞ of bounded number sequences and space Ab(K) of approxmatively bounded number sequences.Moreover,that an equivalent condition of a number sequence is absolutely average bounded is given,and space Aab(K) is a non-separable,non-reflexive Banach space which has neither the Kren-Mil'man property nor Radon-Nikodm property are proved.


The footprints I joined in my pilgrimage were made by grandparents who built schools and a church in China despite encountering the Boxer Rebellion, polio, drowning, and smallpox. They were carried on by a father who continued to serve through two world wars and as a chaplain of Chinese prisoners in the Korean War, and by a mother who refused to be deterred when she was rejected by every mission to which she applied because of ill health. Instead, when she heard a mission executive say that anyone who could work at the CatherineStreet Mission in Hell's Kitchen in New York could go anywhere in the world, she proved she could. These footprints pointed a direc tion for me to follow.