Model-based development methods are increasingly being applied in the production of software artifacts. The processing of visual models, within these frameworks, is an essential issue that can be addressed using graph rewriting techniques. The precise definition of graph rewriting-based model transformation requires that beyond the topology of the rules, further textual constraints be added. These constraints often appear repetitively in a transformation; therefore, constraint concerns crosscut the transformation. It is useful to define often applied constraints as physically separated modules and indicate the places where to use them. This effort provides solutions to structuring, modularizing and propagating repetitively occurring and crosscutting constraints. We propose an aspect-oriented approach that allows for consistent constraint management, in which repetitive and crosscutting constraints can be semi-automatically identified.


This article examines the relationship between democratic representation and spending on education in Latin America. The authors assess the impact that democracy has on the distribution of resources between different levels of schooling and on total spending on education. Specifically, they test whether democratic governments allocate a greater share of resources to primary education, the level that benefits the largest segment of the electorate and that is most critical for human capital formation in developing countries. Using time-series cross-sectional analysis, the authors find that democracies devote a higher percentage of their educational resources to primary education and that they maintain higher absolute spending levels on education in the aggregate, thereby enhancing the prospects of human capital formation.


Constructing a stable and efficient spanning tree is important to application layer multicast.This paper provided a spanning tree construction algorithm based on hierarchical clustering multi-dimension host properties.Because stability was hard to define,the algorithm calculated multi-dimension properties similarity to describe stability instead of directly definition,and constructed a hierarchical structure with similarity threshold,and applied a minimum spanning tree algorithm on the hierarchical structure to enhance tree efficiency.The simulation shows that the algorithm can obviously improve spanning tree stability and efficiency.


Grids of stellar spectra are extensively used in astrophysics in a range of applications, from derivation of atmospheric parameters in observed stellar spectra, to archaeological studies in integrated light of galaxies. Theoretical stellar libraries have been increasingly used in recent years to overcome limitations of empirical libraries by, for example, exploring atmospheric parameter spaces not well represented in the latter. Nevertheless, there are still caveats and stellar libraries can only partially model observations with accuracy. Here we discuss the current need for synthetic libraries, in particular for applications in stellar population studies. Next we briefly present a non-extensive sample of libraries available in the literature, and we then highlight how better atomic and molecular opacities are much needed to overcome the deficiencies of current synthetic libraries.


Optical absorption coefficient, dark conductivity, and photoconductivity properties of amorphous GaSe thin films are reported. The dependence of the absorption coefficient α on the photon energy ℏω at the edge of the absorption band is well described by the relation αℏω=B(ℏω−Eopt)2 with an optical gap Eopt of 1.50–1.55 eV. The dark conductivity σd at low temperature obeys the law ln σd∝T−1/4, indicating a variable range hopping in localized states near the Fermi level. From the analysis, a density of states N(EF)≂1018 cm−3 eV−1 has been estimated. The dependence of the photoconductivity on the temperature and on the light intensity is analyzed by a simple kinetic model which takes into account two Shockley–Read type imperfections.


Decision making is one of the most fundamental activities of human beings. Every one faces various situation and selection among varieties of alternatives available to us. Most of the times we need to select the most appropriate one. This is nothing but the process of decision making. Decision making is the study of how decisions are made and how decisions are actually made better or more successful. Selection is the process that an organization used to choose the most suitable one for the requirements. Effective selection is depends on effective matching. The situation of selection of expert is surrounded by many uncertain conditions going in and around the organization. Process involves many uncertain conditions in between. The study proposes the use of fuzzy logic and fuzzy decision making for the selection of best suitable person without extra workload. Allocation of suitable human resource for the new project is accomplished using fuzzy decision making method.


Walking is an important goal that patients with incomplete spinal cord injury (iSCI) want to achieve. Physiotherapy approaches to improve this ability can be divided into 2 main types: conventional and treadmill training. Conventional walking training for patients with iSCI is not unique and likely to employ the techniques used for patients with similar conditions from other pathologies. The methods are based mainly on either individual components necessary for walking or the whole task of walking. However, training on the whole task of walking requires patients to have enough strength and balance to perform both the stance and swing phases of the gait. Treadmill training is an alternative form of whole task walking training that can be started immediately when the patient has stable medical conditions with assistance from therapists and a harness. There are vast variations of the setting methods for treadmill therapy. This article reports information of these training methods which may benefit physiotherapists to choose the treatment for their patients.


Abstract Background/purpose Feedback processes in health professions education (HPE) are not always successful. While recommendations to improve feedback provision dominate the literature, studying specific learner attributes that impact feedback uptake may also improve feedback processes. Feedback orientation is a concept from management science involving four dimensions of learner attributes and attitudes that impact their feedback uptake: utility, accountability, social awareness, and feedback self-efficacy. Feedback orientation may represent a valuable concept in HPE. We aimed to understand medical learners' feedback orientation at different stages in their development. Methods We used the Feedback Orientation Scale, a 20-item survey instrument, for a cross-sectional analysis of feedback orientation in medical students and Internal Medicine residents at one large academic center. We performed descriptive statistics and analysis of variance for data analysis. Results We found the same factors (dimensions) to feedback orientation in our population as in management science. Overall feedback orientation scores were high and were largely consistent across trainee levels. Utility was the domain that was highest across learners, whereas feedback self-efficacy was lowest. Conclusions Feedback orientation represents a useful concept to explore medical learners' attitudes toward feedback's role in their development. The four domains can help guide further nuanced feedback research and application. Practice points Feedback orientation is a concept from the management science literature that describes an individual's feedback receptivity in a more durable way; it comprises 4 distinct domains: utility, accountability, social awareness, and feedback self-efficacy. The feedback orientation construct translates well to HPE. Medical learners' overall feedback orientation is largely stable across training from early medical school to late residency. Medical learners' highest scores are in the utility domain, whereas lowest are in feedback self-efficacy. Focusing on the individual domains of feedback orientation can help guide future, more nuanced research and interventions on feedback.


From aspects of the developing history of the enterprise,the operation of the coal production of the enterprise,the long-term developing strategy of the coal industry,the development and utilization of the coal bed gas,the developing course of the electric power industry,and the growth of the coal chemistry,etc,this paper introduces the experiences of the Jincheng Coal Industry Group in making full use of the information resources,grasping the opportunities,speeding up the development,and strengthening and enlarging the enterprise.


1. Intracellular Ca2+ transients were recorded from frog twitch muscle fibres in response to action potentials and repetitive stimulation, using ionophoretically injected arsenazo III as a Ca2+ monitor. A dual wave‐length optical system was used to measure absorbance changes of the injected dye from small areas of single fibres within the cutaneous pectoris muscle.


Early controlled stress on the healing tendon has proved to have many positive effects such as reduction of oedema and improved excursion. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the position of the wrist and metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints on the EDC muscle activity during MCP movement and thus: i) provide an electromyographic basis for dynamic extensor splinting, and ii) examine the safest position for early active motion in extensor tendon injuries. Electromyography was used to monitor EDC activity during MCP extension from various wrist positions. The least muscle activity was observed when the wrist was in flexion and the greatest when the wrist was at 45° extension. A statistically significant difference (p 0.05) was established among the various MCP ranges of motion, with the greatest activity per time unit occurring when the MCP joints moved up to 20° hyperextension. The results suggest that slight MCP flexion may effectively reduce EDC activity. Further research is needed to provide evidence on the influence of slight MCP flexion on the quality of repair and functional outcomes after extensor tendon repair.


ABSTRACT One of the most grievous outcomes of the Arab revolt (1936-1939) was the severe economic damage caused to the Arab community. The worsening relations between Jews and Arabs from the start of the 1936 disturbances and thereafter had distinct consequences regarding the decline in Jaffa's economic state. The slump that affected Jaffa from 1936 to the end of the Mandate period encroached on the city's status and strength, as its weaknesses became more marked. This article proposes that the Jews had a significant role in Jaffa's economic decline, principally due to their preponderance in the city's commercial life. The article examines and evaluates the extent of the Jews' influence on Jaffa's economic deterioration in the period from 1936 to 1947. It demonstrates that they constituted a significant factor affecting the city's economic decline, with evident implications for its condition toward the end of that period.


The cold hemagglutination, or the phenomenon of agglutination brought on the blood cells of men and animals of various kinds at low temperature by sera of their own, of the same blood group, or of other bodies, was first perceived by Hayem (1889) in cases of liver cirrhosis. This was followed by Reitmann (1890) who confirmed Hayem's discovery; by Durham and Blandford (1890) who noted similar phenomena in animals afflicted with trypanosis; by Ascoli and Kanthack in healthy men; and by Landsteiner (1902) in healthy horses, rabbits, cows, guinea pigs and chickens. Since then, such hemagglutination has been studied by many investigators, and proved to occur not only in men and animals in cases of various diseases but also in healthy conditions. A comprehensive perusal of literature, both in this and other countries, on the cold hemagglutination shows in noteworthy fact that, whereas in foreign countries researches are mostly conducted to find the frequency of its occurence and the agglutination titre in cases of various diseases, in Japan they consist mainly of experimental studies which attempt to ascertain its nature. However, not only the nature of the agglutination, but the process of its fluctuation still remain to be clarified. Recently, Oba and others carried out studies of the cause of the cold agglutination, and concluded that the cold hemagglutinin is to be considered as a result of autommunization caused by the so-called embryonic antigen contained in the body cells in the early stage of their growth, but their explanation has not yet been generally accepted. There are also many who consider the fluctuation of the cold agglutination to be caused by non-specific stimuli, but they, too, have been unable to supply sufficient proof to win our approval. Consequently, we have been trying to make clear the process of the cold hemagglutination by studying its fluctuations in healthy bodily conditions and in cases of various diseases as well as under varied experimental conditions.


There are many old traditional wooden frame buildings which were specified as cultural heritage or will be specified as Japanese important building in the near future. But there are many buildings which do not have good performance against seismic action. The purpose of the investigation is to develop the earthquake proof fittings, and to apply them to the traditional wooden structures. In concrete terms, the types of the earthquake-proof fittings are the Kamachi door, the acrylic door and the hinged wooden door. Strength and rigidity of the earthquake proof fittings were estimated experimentally, and they were applied to reinforce the two old Buddhist temples.


Summary form only given. The magnetic moment of planets, stars and pulsars are proportional to their angular momentum over twelve orders of magnitude. This was empirically derived by Van Allen. The theory put forward in this paper reproduces the relationship. This model assumes that the magnetic field is produced due to the rotation of the celestial body in a nonrotating plasma cloud that surrounds it. The plasma cloud is constituted by a Faraday electrical generator, which acts as the primary source of the magnetic field. The exceptions to the curve plotted in the graph are planets lying substantially below it. This is explained by the theory giving only the limiting value. Transient behavior giving zero or changing magnetic fields is not yet included. A limiting value to the magnetic field is found by using "Bohm conductivity" across the magnetic field. The assumption in this theory is in contrast to the previous assumption that the source of the magnetic field was the flow of magma in the celestial body itself. The paper puts forward a simple mathematical model, which matches the experimental results with no adjustable parameters


The invisible God: The Earliest Christians on Art. By Paul Corby Finney. (New York: Oxford University Press. 1994. Pp. xxviii, 319. $45.00.) Paul Corby Finney a professor of Roman imperial and early church history in the University of Missouri at St. Louis. From gymnasium studies in Germany in the late 1950's and a doctoral program at Harvard in the early 1970's up through a university career in the mid 1990's, he has had an intense Interest in the earliest literary attitudes toward and the oldest material remains of early Christian art. This tome is a detailed statement of his findings and a challenge to the traditional interpretive framework on early third century lamp decorations and catacomb paintings. Dr. Finney starts by reviewing how eighth-century Byzantine iconoclasts, sixteenth-century Protestant reformers, and modern German scholars from Adolf von Harnack to Theodor Klauser have built up an interpretation of "primitive Christianity" as "a religion simultaneously hostile to pictures in theory (iconophobic) and opposed to their use in practice (aniconic)" (p. 10). He points out how this interpretation seemed to be buttressed on the one hand by the literary attacks of second-and third-century Christian apologists on pagan art, and on the other hand by the lack of a distinctive Christian art before the year 200. This traditional interpretation presented the appearance of catacomb paintings thereafter as a fall from primitive spiritualism to crass materialism forced on the educated clergy by the uneducated laity. The author spends the rest of his book analyzing early Christian apologetic attacks on pagan art and early Christian motifs on Roman lamps and in catacomb paintings to challenge this scenario. Finney's analysis of the Christian literary attack on pagan art attempts to prove that the apologists were not opposed to art per se, but were using this genre of literature as "a clever ploy" (p.47) to win over the philosophically inclined political elite of the Roman world to sympathy for the Christian cause. By attacking the excesses of pagan art, the apologists were showing that it was not the Christians, but the crass devotees of the pagan gods who were really guilty of atheism, superstition, and sexual misconduct. The author posits that "the reasons t the nonappearance of Christian art before 200 have nothing to do with principled aversion to art, with other-worldliness or with antimaterialism. The truth is simple and mundane: Christians lacked land and capital. Art required both. As soon as they acquired land and capital, Christians began to experiment with their own distinctive forms of art" (p. 108). Although admitting that Christians had inherited through Judaism and a strand of Hellenism the belief that God was invisible, Dr. …


The article examines the legal regulation of labor mobility of workers in Ukraine as one of the conditions for the development and functioning of social and labor relations in today's conditions. It is noted that the labor market, as an integral part of the country's economic system, mirrors most of the political and socio-economic processes taking place in the state, and focuses on the most acute problems: high unemployment, increasing structural disparities in employment, uncontrolled outflow of labor force abroad , changes in the quality of the workforce and work motivation, a drop in the level of income of the population. These problems become a significant factor in the deepening of crisis phenomena, hold back structural changes, and their solution creates prerequisites for social and economic growth. In the conditions of martial law in Ukraine, the problem of labor mobility of workers, which forms the basis of ensuring the balance of the labor market, is an integral component of which territorial movements of the population in search of a new place of work are of particular importance. It is noted that today there is a global migratory mobility of the population and large migratory movements of labor resources mainly outside the country, which clearly reflects the situation that has developed in the country on the labor market. The reasons for the activation of labor mobility are: unemployment; inconsistency of employees' wages with their education and qualifications; lack of career growth; impossibility of professional development; competitiveness in the labor market; martial law in the country. It was concluded that in order to increase the level of employment in wartime and the period of economic recovery of the country, it is very important to ensure the mobility of the labor force, which will contribute to strengthening its adaptability, increasing competitiveness, as well as the efficiency of use. In order to preserve the labor force and minimize the process of its washing out of Ukraine, including the outflow of youth, workers with formed qualifications and professional skills, an important task is to create jobs at modernized, restored and newly created enterprises.


ABSTRACT Aim: Patients cured of Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL) have an increased risk of developing Second Neoplasms (SN). We compared characteristics of patients with Thoracic malignancies (TM), (lung cancer or mesothelioma) to other SN. Methods: 604 patients treated of HL and monitored in our hospital from 1968 to 2012 were retrospectively analyzed. Results: We found 90 (14.5%) SN: 27 (30%) patients developed TM and 63 (70%) other SN. Median age at HL diagnosis was similar in both groups (p=0.31) whereas elapsed time until SN diagnosis was 16.5 and 11.0 years respectively (p=0.004). In TM group, 85.5% of patients were men (p=0.001) and 85.2% were smokers (RR 3.4 CI95% 1.3-8.9, p=0.003). Concerning HL stage at diagnosis 25.9% in TM and 50.8% in other SN had advanced stages (p=0,029). Chemotherapy treatments received for HL were similar in both groups whereas radiotherapy when compared with combined treatment or chemotherapy was associated with an increased risk of TM (RR=2.3, CI 95% 0.9-5.9 p=0.07).The majority (59.2%) of patients with TM were diagnosed after consulting for new symptoms and had advanced stages. Adenocarcinoma was the most prevalent histology. Overall survival at 1 and 5 years in TM and other SN group was 59%/62%, and 24%/41% respectively (p=0.05). Considering the 604 patients, cumulative incidence of SN in general at ten and twenty-five years was 7.6% and 31.3% respectively and in TM group 1.5% and 9.7%. Conclusions: Smoking habit, male gender as well as radiotherapy are associated to the development of TM. Patients diagnosed of advanced stages of HL develop more frequently other SN. Moreover we found longer elapsed time until diagnosis of SN in TM group and shorter overall survival. The role of SN screening has yet to be prospectively evaluated. Disclosure: All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.


This paper presents a simple two-sector two-factor model with endogenously determined industrial composition. It is shown that by shrinking the cone of diversification, service liberalization may enable the economy to switch from equilibrium where both traditional and modern goods are produced to another where specialization in the modern good takes place.


The parameters of water quality, productive performance and economic viability were evaluated in tambaqui juveniles fed with different levels (0, 15, 25 and 35%) of Brazil nut meal (BNM). The water parameters measured were: surface temperature (TEMP), dissolved oxygen (OXY), hydrogenic potential (pH), total ammonia (AMO), alkalinity (ALK), hardness (HAR) and nitrite (NIT). Weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), feed intake (FI), apparent feed conversion (AFC), condition factor (K), daily feed intake (DFI) and daily weight gain (DWG) was avaluated. The cost of feed per kilogram consumed (CF US$/kg), cost of feed per kilogram of live weight gain (CF kg/LWG), economic efficiency index (EEI) and cost index (CI) were evaluated. TEMP, AMO, NIT, HAR did not differ (P>0.05), the means were 26.8°C, 0.16 mg L-1, 0 mg L and 17.8 mg L-1, respectively. The pH differed (P<0.05) and the treatment with 35% BNM was lower (6.5) when compared to the control (6.7). There was a decrease (P<0.05) in the levels of ALK and a linear increase (P<0.05) for the levels of OXY. The addition of BNM in the diet changed (P<0.05) the WG, SGR, FI, AFC, K, DFI and DWG. There was a downward trend (P<0.05) in the CF US$/kg, CF kg/LWG and CI and a linear increase (P<0.05) in the EEI. The BNM improved the production rates and changed the parameters of water quality, the inclusion of up to 35% of the BNM reduces the cost of production of feed and tambaqui juveniles.


The effects of the addition of Ta205 or Nb205 on the sintering and refractory properties of 2ZrO2·P2O5-based ceramics have been investigated. The solid solution with Nb2O5 has a lower average thermal expansion coefficient than the pure phase. The strength of the polycrystalline ceramic is reduced when the grain size exceeds the transition grain size for microcracking. The thermal expansion of the ceramic is abruptly lowered when the grain size exceeds a value which should be termed the "second transition grain size" for additional wider microcracking. SiO2 was found most effective for inhibiting grain growth to prevent microcracking and for obtaining a strong ceramic.


Standard parton distribution functions contain neither information on the correlations between partons nor on their transverse motion, then a vital knowledge about the three dimensional structure of the nucleon is lost. Hard exclusive processes, in particular DVCS, are essential reactions to go beyond this standard picture. In the following, we examine the most recent data in view of the dipole model predictions and their implication on the quarks/gluons imaging (tomography) of the nucleon.


Introduction The Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), flown in February of 2000, collected data for over 80% of the Earth's land area. This data is currently being processed to create the first near-global high resolution digital elevation model (DEM) available to the public and the scientific community. Preliminary DEMs for many parts of the world are available on-line (USGS, 2004; GLCF, 2004) and final products are now (2004) being released, including United States coverage at 1and 3-arc second intervals. Much excitement about this product is due to the impact its availability will have on projects involving vast data-poor regions of world. Prior to SRTM release, the best available global elevation dataset provided roughly 1 kilometer spatial resolution. The benefits of this product for scientific and planning applications in other parts of the world are clearly tremendous. One significant issue regarding the utility of the new DEMs concerns their fidelity to the real world terrain they depicts. In particular, what sorts of errors might one expect, and how might they affect the results of applications employing the data?


The 1/f noise phenomena associated with devices involving semi-insulating materials, for instance GaAs MESFET's on semi-insulating GaAs, has long been a perplexing problem. In this particular case the 1/f noise corner frequency can be up to 100 MHz before the mean square noise current at the drain is dominated by the Nyquist noise associated with the channel conductance. No reasonable explanation has ever been given, although there are many different theories. 1/f noise is a common phenomena in nature and other devices involving semi-insulating materials. We propose here that this 1/f noise is a bulk phenomena associated with localized high frequency variations and long range low frequency fluctuations, the lowest frequency being limited only by the volume of the material. Specifically the proposal here is that injection of a current I into a semi-insulating material will result in a mean square noise voltage at the point of injection given by v/sub n//sup 2/~=2(kT/q)q/spl Delta/fR(/spl omega//sub c///spl omega/) Volts/sup 2/ where /spl omega//sub c/=1/t/sub t/, for the radian frequencies, /spl omega/, larger than /spl omega//sub c/ which is the reciprocal of the transit time of the carriers. For a long sample and long transit times then this 1/f noise voltage due to current injection will be larger than the Nyquist mean square noise of the sample alone as long as the DC voltage developed across the semi-insulating sample exceeds ((2kT/q)l/sup 2/(/spl omega///spl mu/))/sup 1/2/. This theory then gives the 1/f or 1//spl omega/ frequency dependence. The dc current I might be injected for instance by the substrate current in a GaAs MESFET being injected into the semi-insulating substrate, or gate current in an IGET being injected into the gate insulator. >


Structure–property relationship has been performed in the lanthanum-modified lead–zirconate–titanate (PLZT) with a lanthanum content 8 and Zr/Ti ratio 40/60. The X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and sintering behavior have evidently demonstrated that it is possible to tailor the structural properties of PLZT 8/40/60. Structure of PLZT 8/40/60 had pure perovskite with tetragonal without secondary phase. Tetragonality (c/a) was observed in the range of 1.01093-1.02095. SEM micrographs were shown a development of mean grain size to clarify the development of grain after sintering processing. The result shows that increasing of sintering temperature resulted in mean grain size increasing from 1.70 to 3.08 μm. Ferroelectricity of PLZT ceramics were normal ferroelectric and dielectric constant increased with the increasing sintering temperature.


The constraint of static dispatching for public transport vehicles (PTV) is expounded in the paper.On the basis of its constraint, dynamic dispatching strategy and its on-line adjusting for PTV are put forward. The corresponding lash-up dispatching measure and scheme are discussed for supervisors to adopt in the case of contingency, fault and delay of PTV.The experimental results demonstrate that implementing dynamic dispatching strategy of PTV could effectively solve the shortcoming of static dispatching for PTV, with operation efficiency and service quality enchanted, therefore automatic command and dispatching for PTV is realized. The feasible dispatching method will be provided for intelligent dispatching of urban PTV.


The increasing number of menopausal women has an impact on health problems, including dyspareunia which can be treated by Kegel exercises. Posbindu is a place to get to learn about and develop healthy lifestyle, however in Posbindu RW 01 and 03 Pajajaran Subdistrict there is no educational program related to Kegel exercises and menopause. The purpose of this community service is to increase the knowledge and skills of postmenopausal women regarding Kegel exercises in the prevention and treatment of dyspareunia. The method used was training and mentoring for Posbindu cadres RW 01 and RW 03 Pajajaran Village, the working area of the Pasirkaliki Health Center in Bandung, which was carried out from May to September, the evaluation was carried out 2 times, namely the pretest and post test. The targets were 20 posbindu cadres and 40 menopausal women. The results show an average increase in knowledge of cadres of 19.16 points and skills of 92.49 points. The average knowledge of postmenopausal women also increased by 20.83 points, and skills increased by 90.82 points. Cadres after being trained feel more confident in providing education and becoming Kegel exercise instructors. In conclusion, training and mentoring for cadres can motivate menopausal women to do Kegel exercises as a prevention and treatment of dyspareunia. It is recommended that the Pasirkaliki Health Center continue coaching the implementation of Kegel exercises at Posbindu RW 01 and RW 03, and disseminate them to other cadres in their working areas.


We derive a memory-efficient first-order variable splitting algorithm for convex image reconstruction problems with non-smooth regularization terms. The algorithm is based on a primal-dual approach, where one of the dual variables is updated using a step of the Frank-Wolfe algorithm, rather than the typical proximal point step used in other primal-dual algorithms. We show in certain cases this results in an algorithm with far less memory demand than other first-order methods based on proximal mappings. We demonstrate the algorithm on the problem of sparse-view X-ray computed tomography (CT) reconstruction with non-smooth edge-preserving regularization and show competitive run-time with other state-of-the-art algorithms while using much less memory.


Three cultivar maize,Xinshiduo 2,Dongdan 7,Zhongyuandan 32,were used to investigate the mutual relationship between MDA content,CAT activity and plasmic membrane relative osmotic of different maize cultivars under osmotic stress in moisture coerce condition(PEG 6000).Results showed that in these cultivar maize,MDA content and plasmic membrane relative osmosis ncreased with the coerce intensity increasing,but CAT activity had the opposite result.There had remarkable or very remarkable negative relationship between CAT activity and MDA content,plasmic membrane relative osmosis,and there had variation between different cultivars.The ability of resistance to Osmotic Stress in Xinshiduo 2 seedlings was prior to Dongdan 7 and Zhongyuandan 32.


at the plasma membrane during adhesion to COL-I. On a striking note, inhibition of mda-9/syntenin impaired COL-I-induced plasma membrane translocation of the IPP complex and assembly of integrin β1-IPP signaling complexes. Thus, our study defines the role of mda-9/syntenin in ILK adaptor function and describes a new mechanism of mda-9/syntenin for regulation of cell migration.


The purpose of this study was to explore the emotional experiences of youth in dance activities. For this purpose, nine youth participating in dance activities were selected as research participants, and the emotions of youth experienced in dance activities were explored based on phenomenological research, which is one of the qualitative research methods. Data collection consisted of open-ended questionnaire, in-depth interview, and participatory observation, and the collected data were categorized through inductive category analysis. Youth experienced experiential and relational emotions according to the breadth of emotions in dance, and the emotions was divided into surface (sensational and interpersonal emotions) and inner (existential and communal emotions) level according to the depth of emotions. Each emotion was mixed at the empirical level and revealed at the same time, making it difficult to distinguish clearly. However, classification at the logical level according to the level and depth of emotion and the contextual difference of emotion generation provided a clear discussion of the youth emotional experiences. Experiential emotions were closely related to personal experience, and relational emotions were more closely related to interpersonal relationship with the other person. In addition, the surface level of emotions acted as a key pathway for the inner level of emotional experiences, and the inner level of emotions were closely related to the educational growth of youth. Emotional experiences of youth in dance activities has educational implications in terms of the importance of 'emotional integration' in youth dance education and the necessity of practicing youth dance education through understanding the 'relationship of emotions'. Based on the results of this study, suggestions were made for the practice of dance education and follow-up research for youth emotional cultivation.


Background and aim The aim of the study was to assess prevalence of male reproductive system disorders and/or diseases revealed in school and adolescent medicine health service in Croatia. Subjects and methods Data were obtained in school year 2015/16 from routine preventive examination reports for elementary school - first, fifth and eighth graders, secondary school first graders and first year higher education or university students. Results Analysis of the data revealed disorders and/or disease of male reproductive system in 18.3% (N=24635) elementary school first graders, 11.3% (N=17455) fifth, 8.1% (N=19775) eight graders, 7.2% (N=15164) first year secondary school students and 6.6% (N=6746) first year higher education or university students. Among elementary school first and fifth graders, the most prevalent diagnosis was phimosis and adhesions (14.5% and 6.5%, respectively). Among eight graders of elementary, first grader of secondary school and higher education or university students, the most prevalent diagnosis was varicocele (2.6%, 3.6% and 3.8%, respectively). In year 2015, 111 boys aged 10-14 years, 192 young men aged 15-19 years and 57 young men aged 20-25 years with diagnosis varicocele were treated in hospital. Conclusion Monitoring of growth and development, detection of male reproductive system disorders and/or diseases trough preventive measures provided by school and adolescent medicine service, enable well-timed and appropriate intervention for preservation of reproductive health.


The article enriches imperative programming with a form of dependent types. We start by explaining some motivations for this enrichment and mentioning some major obstacles that need to be overcome. We then present the design of a source level dependently typed imperative programming language Xanadu, forming both static and dynamic semantics and then establishing the type soundness theorem. We also present realistic examples, which have all been verified in a prototype implementation, in support of the practicality of Xanadu. We claim that the language design of Xanadu is novel and it serves as an informative example that demonstrates a means to combine imperative programming with dependent types.


Retailers always face such a decision whether to add an online channel. This paper considers a supply chain made up of one manufacturer and one retailer and incorporates product web-fit as a variable in demand function. Furthermore, a Stackelberg game model is presented and the equilibria of price and profit with and without internet channel are compared. Theoretical analysis and numerical examples show that retailer always benefits from dual-channel when product web-fit is in a certain range, while whether the profits of manufacturer and the whole supply chain will be increased depends on the value of product web-fit.


In this paper, an output regulation problem for multi-agent linear systems is considered. For such a problem, we have proposed a distributed controller design strategy based on composite nonlinear feedback (CNF) control. The composite nonlinear feedback (CNF) control consists of the dynamic state feedback servo-regulator and the nonlinear control part. The dynamic state feedback servo-regulator includes an internal model to achieve the objectives of asympototic tracking and disturbance rejection. And the nonlinear part is further applied to improve the transient performance of the closed-loop system. Finally, we have applied the proposed algorithm into the leader-follower robot's formation control problem. Using the software MobilesSim® developed by the MobileRobots company, we have also presented the simulations to verify the effectiveness of the algorithm.


We consider a large-scale, cross-classified nested (CRON) joint model for modeling customer responses to opening, clicking, and purchasing from promotion emails. Our logistic regression-based joint model contains cross-ing of promotions and customer effects, and allows estimation of the heterogeneous effects of different promotion emails after adjusting for customer preferences, attributes, and historical behaviors. Using data from an email marketing campaign of an apparel retailer, we exhibit the varying effects of promotions not only based on the contents of the email but also across the three different stages, viz. open, click, and purchase, of the conversion funnel. We conduct Bayesian estimation of the parameters in the joint model by using a block Metropolis-Hastings algorithm that not only incorporates nested subsampling to tackle the severe imbalance between conversions and no conversions, but also uses additive transformation-based modifications of random walk Metropolis to scale estimation for large numbers of customers. We extend our approach to a segmented cross-classified nested (SCRON) joint model that encompasses the possibility of varying promotion effects across different customer segments. The resultant high-dimensional model is estimated using spike-and-slab priors on the promotion and customer segment interactions. Our nested joint model accounts for the correlations in customer preferences across the conversion funnel. Based on the promotion estimates from the model, we demonstrate how marketers can use different priced, non-priced, and combination of price and non-price promotions to increase brand awareness or increase purchases. Comparing estimates from CRON and SCRON models, we display the benefits of targeted marketing by using email promotion lists which are separately optimized for the different customer segments.


T315I mutation of Bcr-Abl in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) leads to therapeutic resistance. It is known that Bcr-Abl transformation causes ROS-induced DNA damages and replication stress, which can be exploited for anti-nucleotide therapy. We developed a small compound, JMF4073, which inhibited pyrimidylate kinases and selectively eliminated Bcr-Abl-transformed, but not untransformed myeloid cells, due to dTTP exhaustion and ROS-induced replication stress. However, T315I-Bcr-Abl-transformed cells were less vulnerable to JMF4073 because of higher dTTP pool and low replication stress. Unlike WT-Bcr-Abl-transformed cells, T315I-Bcr-Abl cells lacked Sirt1- regulated OXPHOS with increased glutamine flux to reductive carboxylation in TCA cycle and glutathione synthesis. Blocking mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) by UK-5099 reduced NADH and glutathione levels with replication stress induction, thereby converting T315I-Bcr-Abl cells sensitive to JMF4073 with dTTP and dCTP depletion. The combination of JMF4073 with UK-5099 showed in vivo eradication of T315I-Bcr-Abl-CML. These data reveal that T315I mutation causes reductive metabolic shifts in Bcr-Abl-CML, and demonstrate the therapeutic option by co-targeting MPC and pyrimidylate kinases.


Predicting the etch and deposition profiles created using plasma processes is challenging due to the complexity of plasma discharges and plasma-surface interactions. Volume-averaged global models allow for efficient prediction of important processing parameters and provide a means to quickly determine the effect of a variety of process inputs on the plasma discharge. However, global models are limited based on simplifying assumptions to describe the chemical reaction network. Here a database of 128 reactions is compiled and their corresponding rate constants collected from 24 sources for an Ar/CF4 plasma using the platform RODEo (Recipe Optimization for Deposition and Etching). Six different reaction sets were tested which employed anywhere from 12 to all 128 reactions to evaluate the impact of the reaction database on particle species densities and electron temperature. Because many the reactions used in our database had conflicting rate constants as reported in literature, we also present a method to deal with those uncertainties when constructing the model which includes weighting each reaction rate and filtering outliers. By analyzing the link between a reaction's rate constant and its impact on the predicted plasma densities and electron temperatures, we determine the conditions at which a reaction is deemed necessary to the plasma model. The results of this study provide a foundation for determining which minimal set of reactions must be included in the reaction set of the plasma model.


This research is an investigation of the relationship between reading ability and integrated writing ability of EFL Korean university students and the...


We present a summary of our experimental understanding of the top quark and discuss the significant improvements expected in Run II at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider. We also discuss prospects for a Higgs boson discovery at the Tevatron.


Библиотека журнала "Филологические науки" Все подробности в разделе "Книжная полка" You are here Home » Archive » 2021 In search of the lost: Lituanistica of the first quarter of the 20th century Правка P.A. Ambrosovich, V.N. Bazylev UDC 811.172 https://doi.org/10.20339/PhS.5-21.137 Ambrosovich Peter A., Member of the Belarusian Public and Cultural Partnership (St. Petersburg) e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Bazylev Vladimir N., Doctor of Philology, Professor, National Research University "Higher School of Economics" e-mail: email@example.com The article is devoted to the historiography of the post-revolutionary linguistics in Russia: research on lithuanistics, restoration of forgotten names of those Russian scientists who contributed to the development of Lithuanian linguistics in the first quarter of the XX century. In this context, we are interested in the activities of the little-mentioned and almost forgotten researcher Nikolai Sokolov (1875–1923), a full member of the Lithuanian Scientific Society since June 27, 1912. N. Sokolov's scientific legacy is very fragmentary. So, today we can talk only about the reconstruction of his activities in Lithuania, for which the authors used in their study receiving Sokolov's self-description of his own work , based on three variants of the list of "Lithuanian" (i.e. in the Lithuanian language and about Lithuania) publications: N. Sokolov's letter to Nikolai Durnovo, dated 6 November 1918, N. Sokolov's сurriculum vitae from 1909 and 1921, and obituary written upon N. Sokolov's death, by N. Durnovo from June 2, 1923.


and activation of caspases (Xiang et al., 1996; JürgensThe proapoptotic mammalian protein Bax associates meier et al., 1997). It remains unclear whether these with mitochondrial membranes and confers a lethal effects of Bcl-2 and Bax on mitochondrial physiology phenotype when expressed in yeast. By generating are a direct result of their intrinsic activities as channel Bax-resistant mutant yeast and using classical comproteins, which conceivably may transport either ions plementation cloning methods, subunits of the mitoor proteins, as opposed to an indirect consequence of chondrial F0F1-ATPase proton pump were determined their effects on other channel proteins associated with to be critical for Bax-mediated killing in S. cerevisiae. mitochondrial membranes. A pharmacological inhibitor of the proton pump, oligoWhen expressed in either the budding yeast Sacchamycin, also partially abrogated the cytotoxic actions romyces cerevisiae or the fission yeast Schizosaccharoof Bax in yeast. In mammalian cells, oligomycin also myces pombe, theproapoptotic mammalian protein Bax inhibited Bax-induced apoptosis and activation of cell confers a lethal phenotype (Sato et al., 1994; Ink et al., death proteases. The findings imply that an intact F0F11997; Jürgensmeier et al., 1997). Yeast cells undergoing ATPase in the inner membrane of mitochondria is necBax-induced death exhibit ultrastructural changes that essary for optimal function of Bax in both yeast and include massive cytosolic vacuolarization and apparent mammalian cells. disruption of mitochondria (Ink et al., 1997; Jürgens-


Non-lethal genetic damage or mutation to important proto-oncogenes and some tumor suppressor genes can cause uncontrolled cellular proliferation. Such mutant alleles of proto-oncogenes are called oncogenes. When mutation is seen in tumor suppressor genes they are called recessive oncogenes. Such mutation can occur in genes involved in various stages of cell proliferation. Mutation can occur in genes regulating growth factor receptors like epidermal growth factor receptor , signal transduction proteins mainly RAS, nuclear transcription proteins like MYC, MYB, cell cycle promoters like CDKs Cyclin-D and cell-cycle inhibitors. An overview of important oncogenes is


This article aimed to apply Design Management in occupational therapists' provision of Assistive Technology services. It is an applied, qualitative, and exploratory-descriptive study. The technical procedures were divided as follows: Moment 1 — Theoretical Framework, consisting of bibliographic research that addressed the central topics of Design Management, Assistive Technology Service, and Occupational Therapy; and Moment 2 — Case Study, carried out through applied research that discussed the provision of Assistive Technology service in the academic environment. The collection techniques employed were systematic observation, document analysis, and focus group. We concluded that the applied Design Management contributed to an accurate diagnosis, which pointed out weaknesses in the planning of joint actions, communication and systematization of processes; and potentialities in the performance of the interdisciplinary team, with the sharing of knowledge and technologies, strengthening the actions of the Assistive Technology service.


Sholberg, P., Shepard, T. and Moyls, L. 2003. Monitoring acetic acid vapour concentrations during fumigation of fruit for control of post harvest decay. Canadian Biosystems Engineering/Le genie des biosystemes au Canada 45: 3.13-3.17. A fumigation technique using brief exposure of fruit to acetic acid (AA) vapour reduces post harvest decay if levels of AA are not exceeded that damage the crop. Two methods of monitoring AA vapour concentrations during fumigation are evaluated in this study. The first method uses a gas chromatograph (GC) for monitoring AA intermittently during fumigation. This method can be used to establish AA guidelines for fumigating fruit. For example it was determined that concentrations above 0.6 mg/L (224 ppm (v/v)) could blacken pears rendering them worthless. The second method relies on solid-state gas sensors to continuously monitor AA. An initial study with a methyl bromide gas sensor (International Sensor Technology, Irvine, CA), recalibrated to read AA, correlated reasonably well with the GC method but did not give a linear response from 0 to 1000 ppm (2.68 mg/L). In more recent studies, more advanced sensors (Model 4-20IQ and SM95) were evaluated. These sensors gave a linear response over the entire range from 0 to 1500 ppm AA. If these sensors could be manufactured so they would not easily lose their calibration, they could be used to maintain safe levels of AA during fumigation.


Previous studies have shown factors including media ownership, socio-political censorship, ethnic division and, the lack of professional training as obstacles to practising Peace Journalism principles. This research explored how social psychological processes including intergroup contact and outgroup attitudes influence Peace Journalism attitudes. Turkish Cypriot (TC) and Greek Cypriot (GC) journalists living in the divided and conflicted island of Cyprus participated. Findings highlighted that quantity and quality of contact are positively correlated with positive feelings, common ingroup identity (CII) and Peace Journalism attitudes and negatively correlated with intergroup anxiety and War Journalism (WJ) attitudes. Results shed light on the benefits of positive and frequent contact among journalists and with outgroup members that enhance positive social psychological processes as well as Peace Journalism attitudes. By recognizing the importance of intergroup contact, Peace Journalism attitudes can be improved by decreasing social-psychological tensions and contribute to reconciliation, peace-building processes, and sustainable peace in conflicted societies.


This report gives a global view of the importance of medicinal plants in international development. It examines issues that are economic, political, legal, and social; and covers fields in human and animal health and medicine, agriculture, and forestry. The experiences and efforts of China and India are highlighted. During the past decade, dramatic sales increases attest to a renaissance of both medicinal plants and the traditional health practitioners who prescribe them. Over the last five years in China, sales have more than doubled, while during the last decade in India, exports have soared almost three-fold. This booming trade -most of it fueled by citizens of the developing world but some of it serving affluent customers in wealthy nations- is damaging the supplies. A number of medicinal plants are so overharvested that they feature high on the lists of threatened or endangered species. Unless action is taken, more are headed towards extinction. At the same time, the global clamor for more herbal ingredients created possibilities for the local cultivation of medicinal crops as well as for the regulated and sustainable harvest of wild stands. Such endeavors could help raise rural employment in the developing countries, boost commerce around the world, and contribute to the health of millions. However, creating a regularized production of these species also raises many difficult issues. Some of these issues relate to medical efficacy and its proof. Some relate to the protecton of fragile tropical habitats. Yet others relate to local empowerment, gender equity, regulatory measures, and the rights to traditional knowledge.


The action of ultraviolet light (wavelength 2537Å) on cysteine, cystine, methionine, reduced and oxidized glutathione, and reduced insulin has been studied. Special attention is focussed on the influence of pH and of oxygen tension upon all reactions. On irradiation disulphides in acid medium, reductive cleavage of S‐S bonds dominates. This reduction is not greatly influenced by oxygen. On irradiation of thiols in alkaline solution, however, the C‐S bond is reductively split if oxygen is excluded. Most of the data obtained are discussed with regard to these two very interesting reactions. On irradiation of methionine, a‐aminobutyric acid is the main product when oxygen is excluded. In the presence of oxygen the cleavage of the C‐S bondage is inhibited. The thioether is then oxidized.


Acute T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is a malignant disorder of thymocyte progenitors, accounting for 10-15% of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The activation of NOTCH1 signaling in T-ALL, by either NOTCH1 (Weng A et al, Science, 2004) or FBW7 (Thompson BJ, J Exp Med, 2007) mutations, is one of the major events that contribute to disease development. DEPTOR emerges as an endogenous mTOR inhibitor, whose expression is low in most cancer cells but surprisingly high in multiple myeloma, resulting in activated AKT (Peterson TR et al, Cell, 2009). However, its implications in other hematological malignancies and the mechanism of regulation remains largely unknown. In this study, we present a novel NOTCH1-mediated transcriptional regulation of DEPTOR in T-ALL and show that DEPTOR is required for T-ALL cell proliferation and survival, and regulates T-ALL cell glucose metabolism via AKT activation.

In T-ALL cells, gamma-secretase inhibitor (GSI) treatments resulted in an appreciable decrease of deptor mRNA ([Figure 1][1]A) and protein levels ([Figure 1][1]B). We then analyzed 174 T-ALL patient specimens (Haferlach J, J Clin Oncol, 2010) and found the expression level of deptor was highly correlated with notch1 and hes1 ([Figure 1][1]C). Sequence analyses within the deptor promoter revealed two CSL binding consensus sequences ([Figure 1][1]D) and the results from chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays indicated a strong physical interaction of ICN1 and the deptor promoter, which was abolished by gamma-secretase inhibition ([Figure 1][1]E). Taken together, our data demonstrate that NOTCH1 directly binds to the deptor promoter and activates transcription.

To understand its functional role in T-ALL, we depleted DEPTOR in HPB-ALL cells and observed dramatic decrease of cell viability ([Figure 2][2]A and 2B) and noticeable enhancement of cell apoptotic death ([Figure 2][2]C). Moreover, DEPTOR knockdown significantly reduced glucose uptake and lactate release ([Figure 2][2]D), very likely, due to impaired AKT activation reflected by decreased AKT phosphorylation at the Ser473 and Thr308 sites ([Figure 2][2]E). These findings provide strong evidence suggesting that high expression of DEPTOR is essential for maintaining T-ALL cell metabolism and survival through promoting AKT activation.

Our findings thus establish DEPTOR as a key regulator in mediating the crosstalk between NOTCH1 and AKT signaling pathways, two master oncogenic players in T-ALL. Furthermore, these data provide rationale of developing small molecules or biological agents targeting DEPTOR, in combination with current therapies, for T-ALL treatments.

![Figure 1][3]

Figure 1
Deptor is a direct downstream target of NOTCH1 signaling. Compound E treatments decreased the mRNA (A) and protein expression (B) of deptor . (C) Analyses of 174 T-ALL patients revealed that mRNA expression of deptor is highly correlated with notch1 and hes1 . (D) The schematic presentation of deptor promoter. Two CSL binding site sequences are shown. TIS, transcription initiation site. (E) ChIP assays revealed that NOTCH1 directly bound to the deptor promoter and Compound E treatments abolished the association. hes1 and actin promoters are shown as positive and negative controls.

![Figure 2][3]

Figure 2
DEPTOR is required for T-ALL cell proliferation, survival and glucose metabolism. In HPB-ALL cells, DEPTORdepletion inhibited cell proliferation (A, B) , enhanced cell apoptosis (C) , reduced the rates of glucose metabolism (D) and attenuated AKT phosphorylation (E) .

Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

 [1]: #F1
 [2]: #F2
 [3]: pending:yes


We analyze the decay Ds→�� with QCD factorization in the heavy quark limit. The nonfactorizable contributions, including hard spectator contribution are discussed and numerical results are presented. Our predictions on the branching ratio of the decay are in agreement with the experiment. We also use a pure phenomenological method to estimate the branching ratio for Ds→�� with the existed D 0 →K � � data.


Based on the analysis of source of water vapor and DEM data from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission,SRTM,USA),the spatial changes of precipitation with altitude in Tibetan Plateau was simulated by using Arc/Info software.Firstly,based on data from the metrological stations of 92 the research region was felled into eight sub-regions in terms of changes of precipitation with altitude,then,the climatologically statistical formulation between recorded precipitation and geographical factors was built up for eight sub-regions.Combine with the DEM data(altitude,slope degree and slope direction) of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,the spatial distribution of precipitation was calculated and simulated with the spatial resolution of 0.05°×0.05°.The results showed that the precipitation rise with the altitude in the Eastern Asian monsoon effecting region and decrease with altitude in the Indian monsoon effecting region in general.In fact,the precipitation change with elevation also is effected by the landform and source of air mass in the plateau.


This study aimed to determine the optimal approach for estimating stem diameter distributions (SDD) from airborne laser scanning (ALS) data using point cloud metrics (Mals), a canopy height model (CHM) texture metrics (Mtex), and a combination thereof (Mcomb). We developed area-based models (i) to classify SDD modality and (ii) predict SDD function parameters, which we tested for 5 modelling techniques. Our results demonstrated little variability in the performance of SDD modality classification models (mean overall accuracy: 72%; SD: 2%). Our best SDD function parameter models were generally fitted with Mcomb, with R2 improvements up to 0.25. We found the variable Correlation, originating from Mtex, to be the most important predictor within Mcomb. Trends in the performance of the predictor groups were mostly consistent across the modelling techniques within each parameter. Using an Error Index (EI), we determined that differentiating modality prior to estimating SDD improved the accuracy of estimates for bimodal plots (~12% decrease in EI), which was trivially not the case for unimodal plots (<1% increase in EI). We concluded that (i) CHM texture metrics can be used to improve the estimate of SDD parameters and that (ii) differentiating for modality prior to estimating SSD is especially beneficial in stands with bimodal SDD.


In this experimental nonfiction essay, the author recounts her (many) experiences with having her creative work rejected by mainstream outlets. Detailing the blessing and the curse that is the Ctrl Find command, she pokes fun at the creative writing process, and links her difficulties as a writer to her work as a middle school Language Arts teacher. She concludes with a final story about rejection (which happened to arrive as she was writing this very piece). Subtle implications about the difficulty of the writing process may or may not have been made for those who assess student writing.


Jinghe river is originated at the Liupan Mountains of Shannxi province in Northwest China, and is one of the secondary tributaries of the Yellow River. The Jinghe River basin is located on the Loess Plateau which is notorious for its widespread problem of soil degradation and wind erosion. The native ecosystems of the Jinghe River basin exhibit gradient changes from the upper ranges to the lower ranges, and all are rather vulnerable to human disturbances because of their fragile environment. The goals of this study are two-fold: (1) to quantify the gradient variations in land use and land cover pattern along the main channel of the Jinghe River using landscape metrics, and (2) to explore the driving forces that may have caused the gradient changes in this riverine landscape. Based on MODIS remote sensing data for the year of 2002, we identified nine land use and land cover types using unsupervised classification techniques, and georeferenced them with global position system (GPS) points. The most dominant land use and land cover types are farmlands and grasslands. Forests, although rare, are also found in this region. To analyze the riverine landscape pattern, we created a buffer zone along the main channel of the Jinghe River with a buffer width of 10 km. The land use map and the river buffer map were overlaid, and the analysis was conducted with a moving window (10×15 km) starting from the upper edge of the river buffer area downward. A selected group of landscape metrics was used to quantify the changing pattern of land use and land cover in the study region. All of the analyses were performed using a geographic information system (GIS) and the landscape pattern analysis software, FRAGSTATS. Our results showed that the landscape metrics exhibited three different kinds of variations at the landscape scale: (1) increasing, (2) decreasing, and (3) no consistent trend. In particular, patch number, patch richness, and patch connectivity all increased from the upstream to the downstream of the Jinghe River. The area-weighted shape index, the area-weighted fractal dimension, and patch size decreased. Grasslands were the most dominant land use type in the upper ranges, characterized by convoluted, ambiguous boundaries. In contrast, farmlands dominated the downstream region and, like most other human-created patches, had regular shapes and clear-cut boundaries. At the patch type level, the most dominant classes were farmland, grassland and the ecotone between the two classes. Farmland was the only dominant class in the Jinghe River buffer area, a land use type that has less capability for conserving water and soil than forest, shrubland, and grassland. In general, the values of landscape indices for grassland, farmland, and the ecotone between the two types showed distinctive peaks along the landscape gradient. The spatial variations of the riparian landscape along the river were affected by a suite of natural and anthropogenic factors, such as temperature, precipitation, soil, and various human activities. Human population density was one of the most important factors. Rapid population growth and economic development may have significantly influenced the spatial pattern of the riverine landscape. Quantifying the landscape pattern and its change should provide useful information for effectively monitoring, assessing, and managing these ecosystems.


''PREVALENCE OF MOUSE MAMMARY TUMOR VIRUS (MMTV) IN WILD HOUSE MICE (MUS MUSCULIS) IN SOUTHEASTERN AUSTRALIA'' by Faedo et al. [Journal of Wildlife Diseases 43(4): 668–674]. The scientific name for the house mouse should read (Mus musculus domesticus) throughout this manuscript. The editors are responsible for this mistake and apologize to the authors. Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 44(2), 2008, p. 535 # Wildlife Disease Association 2008


Structural, electrical and infrared optical properties of screen printed vanadium oxide thick films have been studied for the first time. It is seen that the original starting material, in the form of V2O3, undergoes a global transformation to its next higher oxide V2O5 during firing. This has been confirmed through DTA and XRD. The crystalline morphology of the transformed V2O5 seems to improve as a function of firing temperature in the range of 400-600 C. The associated screen printed resistors have temperature coefficient of resistance in the range of -37,000 to -17,000 ppm per K over a temperature range of -65 to +155 C and thermistor constant equal to 2000 K, which are independent of firing temperature. It is observed that both electrical resistivity and infrared emissivity decreases with increase of firing temperature, attaining values of 1.12 x 100 ohm cm for electrical resistivity and 82 percent for IR emissivity at a 550 C firing.


The purpose of this paper is to understand the narrative characteristics of the webtoons  and , their impact on the transmission of the Dangun myth and the significance of that impact. The stories of these webtoons are based on the 'Dangun Myth' recorded in Samgukyusa, especially the transformation of bear and tiger and the marriage of the bear and Hwanung. The 'Dangun Myth' in Samgukyusa is a well-known story to Korean readers, who learn about the Dangun myth at school. The webtoon which is using parody of Dangun myth can maximize the effect of parody. Readers of these webtoon easily understand the complex events using their background knowledge, and they actively express their feelings about the events unfolding in webtoons. In addition, the transcontextualization that occurs in the parody process heightens the entertainment value of the story of the Dangun myth while diluting its mythological power. This can be seen as an example of how the generation ranging from teens to 30-year-olds are enjoying the Dangun myth in a different way than before.


Low concentrations of paclobutrazol and daminozide at 0, 5, 10 and 15 mgt] were foliar sprayed on 12 week old A. mangium seedlings at three different frequencies of application i.e. 1 (week 0), 2 (week 0 & 4) and 3 (week 0, 4 & 6). Either chemical was effective in controlling growth but paclobutrazol was more potent than daminozide. A low concentration of 5 mgt] paclobutrazol at 1 application was sufficient to cause a significant reduction in height growth compared to daminozide which required a minimum concentration of 10 mgt] with 2 applications. In general, the main effects of the chemicals increased with increasing concentration and frequency of spray.


AbstractThis study investigates the impact of dimethyl ether (DME) on the combustion and exhaust emission characteristics at low engine load operating and pilot injection conditions in a four-cylinder diesel engine that was modified for DME application. The combustion characteristics were analyzed based on the combustion pressure, the rate of heat release, the accumulated heat release, and the premixed combustion characteristics. The emission characteristics were analyzed through the analysis of the nitrogen oxides (NOx), soot, hydrocarbon (HC), and carbon monoxide (CO). The heat release amount per unit crank angle in DME combustion is higher than that in diesel combustion in a pilot injected combustion mode. The accumulated heat release of DME during the main combustion is higher than that of diesel fuel. The pilot injection combustion of DME fuel started earlier than single-injection combustion does. The advanced pilot injection timing caused a decrease of premixed combustion duration and a retardation ...


The Energy Optimization, Control and Markets Lab (OCM-Lab) performs its activities at the Electrical Engineering Department at Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile. Led by two faculties, Assistant Professors Daniel Olivares and Matias Negrete Pincetic, focuses its activities on developing state of the art research on the boundaries of power systems, control, operation research and economics. Currently, the group has 15 postgraduate and undergraduate students and has international cooperation with several groups around the world including researchers from UC Berkeley, University of Notre Dame, University of Toronto, University of Waterloo and The University of Texas, Austin. The electrical power system is a fundamental and vital part of a modern society's infrastructure: Its objective is to deliver reliable electrical energy to consumers efficiently. Many countries have decided to incorporate information technologies into the grid, in order to enhance the system reliability and efficiency and to harness more renewable energy sources, resulting in the smart grid vision. Along this transformation, the salient characteristics of electricity continue to impose stringent requirements on the power grid. Thus, it is challenging to maintain reliable operation, as well as functional markets, for this highly complex system. Our research activities are in the realm of power and energy systems, combined with elements from decision and control sciences, economics and energy policy. On the past, we have been able to work on the understanding of the m ieee-cps.org Page 14 impact, viewed from the ideal competitive equilibrium setting, of dynamics, constraints, and uncertainty which are inherent to power and energy systems [1]. In a general dynamic setting, we established many of the standard conclusions of the competitive equilibrium theory: Market equilibria are efficient, and average prices coincide with average marginal costs. However, these conclusions hold only on average and the dynamics of prices can be extreme. Price volatility, negative prices and price spikes hold even in a perfect competitive setting in which price manipulation is excluded. These findings along with other recent academic results and the empirical experience of the last decades illustrate the need for developing new models and tools for analyzing energy systems and its associated markets. Developing such models and tools is a challenging task. Mainly, because energy markets require the coexistence of two coupled dynamical systems: a physical system driven by hard and soft engineering constraints in which reliability is one of the main objectives, and a market/financial system driven by self-interests of players in which economic efficiency is the leading metric. In the particular case of electricity markets and as a result of the many changes expected by the Smart Grid vision — the use of information technologies, new energy policies, active demand participation and renewable energy sources among other ones — increased levels of uncertainty and exotic dynamics will naturally emerge. These features will make even more challenging the operation and planning of energy systems and the coexistence with its associated markets. Our research has been focused on understanding the interaction between these two complex systems, developing models and tools tailored for a grid with increased levels of uncertainty and dynamics, and proposing market designs and energy policies appropriate for this new setting. Some of our previous and current research activities include: Electricity Market Design: Development of alternative architectures for electricity markets based on the notion of multi-attribute products and the definition of contracts. Designing markets for flexibility. Investigate the role of the product definition in electricity auctions and its key role on market outcomes. Study of the design and outcomes of electricity auctions and capacity markets. Understanding the interaction of low marginal cost technologies in current market structures [2, 3, 4]. Impact of Dynamics and Uncertainty: Study of the impact of volatility and dynamics on electricity markets. Using current operational schemes and typical assumptions, it was showed that under current electricity market designs the volatility of wind can reduce its inherent value. Moreover, the loss in social welfare is skewed to the supplier. The results also illustrate the need to move beyond snap-shot-based models for analyzing electricity markets and reinforce the idea of multi-attribute products [5]. Resource Planning Models: Development of models and tools for planning energy systems with increased levels of uncertainty and dynamics. The inherent complexity, uncertainty and dynamics is handled by using techniques and methodologies from decision and control, and simulation and learning. Discussion about the need to upgrade usual power and energy reliability metrics. Study of composite reliability metrics suitable for planning studies in a market environment. Upgrading of SWITCH planning model. Demand Response Aggregators: Our research group focus in developing new operation and economics models for Demand Side Management (DSM), for example a Demand Response (DR) aggregator that participates in electricity markets, and study the value of being flexible for the end-user. As mentioned, it is well known that DSM can give several benefits for the power systems, but what incentives can be used and how to promote the participation of the consumers is a challenging task that our group is trying to understand. Tools and Models for Vehicle-to-Grid: Electric vehicles are expected to have a key role on the grid of the future. In this realm our research have been focusing on control and market aspects of the vehicle to grid concept. On the control side, we have been developing algorithms for the real-time control operation of a fleet of electric vehicles participating on ancillary services markets [6]. On the market side, our work have been focusing on pricing schemes for EVs charging stations [7]. m ieee-cps.org Page 15 ÂăUrban Microgrids and Power System Resilience: Distribution networks are especially sensitive to natural disasters as they are normally designed with little redundancy and little autonomous control; thus, the loss of a line or a transformer may cause a disruption of the supply to an area for a long period of time until the damaged asset can be repaired. This research aims to overcome this weakness by using urban microgrids. Microgrids are distributionscale networks with clusters of loads, distributed generation and energy storage systems that operate autonomously to reliably supply electricity. A key aspect of micro grids is their ability to seamlessly switch between operating with or without a connection to a wider power system. This feature makes microgrids a potential solution to reduce the number of power outages following a natural disaster [8, 9, 10].


This paper focuses on the adaption challenge that confronts the top management team (TMT) of science incubators in situations of substantial technological uncertainty. To do that, we draw on the three-year longitudinal analysis of a major bioscience catalyst in the UK. Through the lens of 'prospective sensemaking', we follow the TMT as they work with stakeholders in their ecosystem to make sense of a significant technological shift: the convergence of life sciences, IT and other sciences in the health care environment. Our analysis reveals how prospective sensemaking resulted in the launch of a new strategy to exploit these emerging opportunities. However, stakeholders' increasingly fragmented interpretation of the term convergence and the anticipation of legitimacy challenges in the wider ecosystem resulted in the repositioning of the incubator. Our findings contribute to extant research on science incubation. In particular, the paper sheds light on the complex interactions of incubator TMT's with stakeholders in situations of technological change and uncertainty. Moreover, responding to technological change does not only affect the structural conditions of an incubator. Rather, it may also require changes to the positioning of the incubator in order to maintain legitimacy in the wider ecosystem. The paper also suggests managerial as well as policy level implications.


It is difficult to couple the fan-shaped beam into fiber as its large divergence angles and beam size. Coupling equipment for fan-shaped beam was designed, which consists of two parts: parabolic mirror and GRIN lens. Firstly, the model of fan-shaped beam was founded. Secondly, the fan-shaped beam focalized by parabolic mirror and the beam compressed by GRIN lens were studied. Finally, the experiment of coupling fan-shaped beam into multi-fiber was finished. The result of the experiment indicated that using the coupling experiment to couple fan-shaped beam into multi-fiber can obtain sufficient power to satisfying the requirement of application.


This thesis presents a novel nonlinear kinodynamic planning method including collision avoidance embedded in a global randomized search algorithm which can be applied to highly constrained orbital dynamics motion planning problems. The method is implemented in the C++ language as a software package called \texttt{p2pOpt}, for point-to-point optimization. \texttt{p2pOpt} combines four integral phases, physics simulation, virtual scene description, randomized sampling, and collision avoidance. The software has been tested on key benchmark problems including planar translation in a highly constrained, cluttered environment, 3DOF translation in orbit using the linearized Hill Dynamics and coupled, non-linear motion of a pendulum. It has been shown to be a fast, near-optimal alternative method to traditional randomized methods that is also capable of evaluating fully non-linear physical problems.


In this paper, a comparison of two kinds of acceleration models under temperature and humidity joint stress is given. The traditional generalized Arrhenius model and Eyring Model give two ways to describe the accelerated life of products. First, through some mathematical transformation and synthesizing of these two models we have concluded two acceleration models under temperature and humidity joint stress which are described in detail in this paper. Estimations of model parameters are also given. Secondly, by comparing accelerated life coefficient and coefficient of variations, we can take a glimpse of the models in their fitness of actual conditions. Then, since the models presented in this paper follow the features of nested models, a likelihood ratio test is conducted which takes a further step in the work of model selection. At last, these two models are compared through an application example – Smart Electricity Meter.


A great deal of algorithms currently available to assess the quality of photoplethysmogram (PPG) signals is based on the similarity between pulses to derive signal quality indices. This approach has limitations when pulse morphology become variable due to the presence of some arrhythmia as in the case of atrial fibrillation (AFib). AFib is a heart arrhythmia characterized in the electrocardiogram mainly by an irregular irregularity. This arrhythmicity is reflected on PPG pulses by the presence of non-uniform pulses and poses challenges in the evaluation of the signal quality. In this work, we first test the performance of few algorithms from the body of methods reported in literature using a dataset of PPG records with AFib, and demonstrate their limitation. Second, we present a novel SVM-based classifier for PPG quality assessment in 30s-long segments of PPG records extracted from pulse oximetry data of 13 stroke patients admitted to the UCSF medical center neuro ICU. 40 time-domain, frequency domain and non-linear features were extracted from all segments. Using an independent test set, the classifier reached a 0.94 accuracy, 0.95 sensitivity and 0.91 specificity. These results demonstrate the robustness of the proposed method in properly evaluating PPG signal quality in the presence of atrial fibrillation.


Summary

The interactions between the flavan-3-ol (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and bovine β-casein in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) of pH 6.5 subjected to thermal processing at various temperatures (25–100 °C) were investigated using fluorescence quenching. The results indicated that different temperatures had different effects on the structural changes and EGCG-binding ability of β-casein. At temperatures below 60 °C, the β-casein–EGCG interaction changed little (P > 0.05) with increasing temperature. At temperatures above 80 °C, native assemblies of β-casein in solution dissociated into individual β-casein molecules and unfolded, as demonstrated by a red shift of the maximum fluorescence emission wavelength (λmax) of up to 8.8 nm. The highest quenching constant (Kq) and the number of binding sites (n) were 0.92 (±0.01) × 1013 m−1 s−1 and 0.73 (±0.02) (100 °C), respectively. These results provide insight into the potential of interactions between β-casein–EGCG that may modulate bioactivity or bioavailability to be altered during thermal process.


Overlay networks are expected to be a promising technology for the realization of QoS(Quality of Service)control.Overlay networks have recently attracted considerable attention due to the advantages:a new service can be developed in a short duration and it can be started with a low cost.The definiton and the necessary of the overlay networks are introduced firstly,then overlay networks are categorized based on their characteristics.Overlay networks for QoS control are surveyed,which are important in QoS control research,and the description and analysis of thoughts,application environments and disadvantages of each overlay network are introduced in detail.Further more,the architecture and QoS routing algorithm of overlay networks are emphasized,the problems in recent research are pointed out,and the future research is prospected.


Capacitive sensor, which in a seat (9) of a vehicle is disposed and detects the presence of an occupant on the seat (9), wherein the capacitive sensor: an occupant detection electrode (20, 410a-410f), which is embedded in the seat (9) and abuts the either a high or a low electrical potential, which is generated by means of a driving device (32; an empty seat capacitance compensation electrode (21, 345) for reducing the capacitance between the occupant sensing electrode (20, 410a-410f) and the vehicle body at unoccupied seat, which the occupant sensing electrode (20, 410a-410f) is connected in parallel with respect to, and (between the occupant sensing electrode 20, 410a to 410f) and the seat frame (26) of the seat (9) which is electrically connected to the vehicle mass (42) is arranged, and abutting either a high or a low electric potential that is generated (by a drive device 32) becomes; a current detection device (31) connected to the empty seat compensating electrode (21, 345) and either the seat frame ...


The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of financial health on profitability with Islamic Corporate Governance as a moderating variable. The population in this study was all Islamic Banks in Indonesia. Based on the data from Islamic Banking Statistics, the number of Islamic Banks was 12. The sample used numbered 10 Islamic Banks by using purposive sampling technique. Data collected in the form of Islamic Banks annual reports from 2010 to 2015. The analysis technique in this study used descriptive analysis and inferential analysis. The method of analysis used was Multiple Linear Regression Analysis. Hypothesis testing used SPSS 21. The results showed that directly health variable of NPF and FDR had a positive effect on profitability (ROA) and health variable of CAR did not affect the profitability (ROA). While the results of the study after the existence of moderating variable that Islamic Corporate Governance (ICG) by using MRA showed that ICG moderated the positive influence of NPF and FDR health variables on profitability (ROA), and ICG was not able to moderate the positive influence of CAR health variable on profitability (ROA). © 2016 Universitas Negeri Semarang  Correspondence Author : Gedung L2 Lantai 2 FE Unnes Kampus Sekaran, Gunungpati, Semarang, 50229 Email: firstname.lastname@example.com ISSN 2252-6765


The last of all possible worlds and the temptation to do. parallel universes in fiction. possible worlds of fiction and history jstor. cosmos possible worlds explores space history and the. possible worlds 1 definition narratology. possible worlds of fiction and history the postmodern. heterocosmica fiction and possible worlds by lubomír doležel. possible worlds of fiction and history the postmodern. impossible worlds philosophy oxford bibliographies. possible worlds of science fiction. i possible worlds an introduction to fictional worlds. possible worlds semantics fiction and creativity. truth in fiction impossible worlds and belief revision. possible worlds within possible worlds literature the. possible worlds of fiction and history the postmodern stage. possible worlds of fiction and history the postmodern. possible and fictional worlds springerlink. impossible worlds stanford encyclopedia of philosophy. cosmos possible worlds season 1 123movies hulu to. alternative realities counterfactual historical fiction. many possible worlds chapter 5 samurai ron part 1 a kim. reading the identity of dramatis personae through the.


This paper describes how the Ro-Ro ferries damage stability has become one of the main topics of great interest in the maritime community over recent years. The first stage in the initial flooding after collision is one of the most interesting effects of the study. The primary objective of these tests carried out at the El Pardo Model Basin was to contribute to a better understanding and to acquire data and experimental knowledge about the effect on stability and survivability of the water inflow in the lateral tanks, double bottom ducts, machinery spaces and the garage deck in the first transient period after a side collision.


In this paper,research on diffusion bonding of AZ31 magnesium alloy was carried out according to atomic diffusion theory.Gleeble-1500 testing machine is used in the diffusion bonding experiment on the AZ31 magnesium alloy.In addition,shear experiments of welded joints are carried out with electronic universal testing machine,and the optimum diffusion bonding parameters are obtained. The microstructures of the welded joints are analyzed through metallographic microscopy and SEM.It's deduced that the micro mechanism of diffusion bonding is the slide of original grain boundaries caused by atom diffusion and the growth of grains of the AZ31 material,sound joint was obtained through sufficient diffusion of the surface atom of the joints.


This work deals with the computationally-efficient inversion of microwave scattering data for brain stroke detection and monitoring. The proposed multi-step approach is based on the Learning-by-Examples (LBE) paradigm and naturally matches the stages and time constraints of an effective clinical diagnosis. Stroke detection, identification, and localization are solved with real-time performance through support vector machines (SVMs) operating both in binary/multi-class classification and in regression modalities. Experimental results dealing with the inversion of laboratory-controlled data are shown to verify the effectiveness of the proposed multi-step LBE methodology and prove its suitability as a viable alternative/support to standard medical diagnostic methods.


This research aims to test whether the promotions carried out by Bank Syariah Indonesia Jember through instagram are effective in increasing the number of customers. This study uses AIDA method as the variables namely Attention(X1), Interest(X2), Desire(X3), Action(X4). The problem raised in this study is that there are still many people with relatively low interest in saving in islamic banking because some people are not yet interested in choosing Islamic products over conventional products and because Islamic financial literacy in society is still low. Some of the deficiencies in the instagram account of Bank Syariah Indonesia Jember, such as the lack response from followers on each post, made reseacrchers interested in testing how effective the instagram acoount of Bank Syariah Indonesia Jember is in increasing the number of customers. The type of research used quantitative with descriptive research methods. The data collection method is through surveys and distributing questionnaires via Google Form and distributed to 80 respondents. The result of this study indicate that at the attention stage, the score is 77%, instrest is 77% desire 78%, action 77%. Based on the results of this study where all stages are in the good category, the results of this study are in accordance with the theory by Paulus (2012) that if the effectiveness valuereaches the 60%- 80% catgeory it is catgeorized good. This reflects that promotions through instagram carried out by Bank Syariah Indonesia Jember are well able to attract customers to use the products offered by Bank Syariah Indonesia Jember.


The paper describes MICE, a prototype implementation of MPI on the Converse interoperable parallel programming environment. It is based on MPICH, a public-domain implementation of MPI and uses the Abstract Device Interface (ADI) which has been retargeted on top of Converse. MICE makes use of message-managers and allows use of thread-objects to let MPI modules co-exist with other types of computations and communication (such as a library computation in Charm++ or asynchronous computations in multipol) within a single application. It also makes it possible to interoperate PVM (in a restricted form) and MPI modules. Thread-objects make it possible to build multi-threaded MPI programs. This MPI implementation demonstrates that it is possible to provide interoperability without any significant performance degradation.


An electric connector component comprises a plug connector and a socket connector matched with the same. The plug connector comprises an insulating body, a plurality of conductive terminals and a cable, wherein the conductive terminals are contained in the insulating body, the cable is electrically connected with the conductive terminals, the insulating body comprises a base and a plurality of rodlike inserts integrated to the base, a fastening block integrated to the base is arranged on the upper surface of the base of the insulating body and comprises a push portion, a support portion and a connecting portion, the support portion connected with the base can serve as a fulcrum, the connecting portion extends forward from the support portion, a transverse extension socket is arranged at the front end of the connecting portion, and two ends of the socket are provided with fins. The socket connector comprises an insulating body, the insulating body defines an upper end face and a lower end face parallel to the same, the fins match with the upper end face, and the lower end face is provided with retainer walls for stopping insertion of the fins.


As part of an ongoing research project that involves interviewing people who work in script-related roles within the film and television industry, I travelled in May this year to Los Angeles. There, I was very fortunate to have the opportunity to spend some time with Christopher Vogler, a long-standing Hollywood story consultant and author of the hugely successful book The Writer's Journey: Mythic Structure for Writers. I wanted to share some of this interview with readers of the Journal of Screenwriting, not just because the material is interesting - I hope you agree! - but because it might be of value to those who are currently researching the film and television industry. In the interview, Vogler tells me about how he became interested in storytelling, his early days of working the story departments at various film studios, his work with Disney on several successful animation films, and how the success of his book has led to much work as a freelance story consultant, working with some of the biggest names in Hollywood.


Janusin is an extracellular matrix glycoprotein with structural homology to tenascin. In search of extracellular matrix components which govern the differentiation of neurons in the central nervous system, we have investigated the influence of janusin on the differentiation of hippocampal neurons in vitro. Janusin coated onto nitrocellulose was a good substrate for attachment of cell bodies and neurite outgrowth after 21 h of culture. Most cells exhibited a polarized morphology with one long major neurite and one or two short minor neurites. When janusin was coated onto a polyornithine‐conditioned plastic surface, it increased the polarity of neurons in that the length of major neurites was increased and the length and number of minor neurites were decreased when compared with the control polyornithine‐conditioned plastic without janusin. As we have shown before for tenascin, laminin and fibronectin, polarization was preceded by an increase in the number and length of all neurites during the first hours after cell plating. This study therefore adds janusin to the increasing number of extracellular matrix glycoproteins which promote axonal but not dendritic growth.


This work describes investigations into the growth of mesophilic Bacillus spores from very small inocula in pasteurized and sterilized milk. A comparison of growth in sterilized milk with that in pasteurized milk, showed that the process of sterilization could set up inhibitory conditions. Over the range of heat treatment, 107.5


In this study, the antibacterial activity of Syzygium aromaticum commercial essential oils against eight different clinical bacteria was investigated. Five different commercial essential oils, the research material, were obtained from the market. Proteus mirabilis, Shigella dysenteriae, Serratia marcescens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Staphylococcus caprae, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus were used as clinical bacteria in the study. Antibacterial activity of commercial essential oils was determined by disk diffusion and Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC) tests. Disc diffusion findings obtained from essential oils against clinical bacteria were evaluated by comparing them with findings from various antibiotics. By considering the results of disk diffusion, the MIC values of three commercial oils were determined. When the results of the research were evaluated in general, two different commercial essential oils of Syzygium aromaticum species were found to be more effective than antibiotics against tested bacteria. In the next stages of the research, it is planned to determine the chemical components of commercial essential oils by GC-MS analysis and to demonstrate the effectiveness of essential oils on bacterial cells by electron microscopy. Keywords: Clov bud, Essential oil, Clinic bacteria, Antimicrobial activity. DOI: 10.7176/JSTR/6-10-02


The design of a 1kW photovoltaic grid-connected inverter is presented.The fundamentals and key technique, and the technique for inverter to connected with grid are discussed in detail.The experiment proves the feasibility of the control scheme and the inverter.


The fast acceleration for environmental decompositions triggers stakeholder's growing green compassion. It has created extreme pressures for today's firms to incorporate the leading method "green marketing strategy" as the conventional business tactics have become unproductive to attain the expected performance levels. This study reviewed the existing literature to develop a conceptual framework for the association between green marketing strategy and sustainability performance. The green marketing strategy was identified as a profitable and practical business opportunity for a firm to achieve sustainability performance with regard to environmental, social and economic aspects. With the application of stakeholder theory, the authors have developed propositions representing a conceptual approach by incorporating a green marketing strategy as a path to sustainability performance by managing the stakeholders' pressures. Scholars will benefit from the concept put forth in this study as it suggests specific avenues to pursue empirically in order to comprehend the substantial effect of green marketing strategy in attaining the sustainability performance. Pragmatically, the incorporation of green marketing strategy can provide a new direction to the managers to deal with the environmental insecurities and secure their firm's sustainability performance by managing the stakeholders' expectations.


Let H be a (finite) solvable group, K a free abelian group (of finite rank) and k an algebraic number field (of finite degree). Safarevic [4] proved the existence of a Galois extention L of k with Galois group (isomorphic to) H. On one hand, the authors ([1] or [3]) constructed such an extention M of k that the k-automorphism group of M is K. Then we see that the k-automorphism group of the composite LM is the direct product H ® K. The proof is almost the same as in [2]. By taking suitable k, we have as an extention of the result of [2].


SUMMARY Chlorophyll fluorescence has been used to predict and monitor coral bleaching over short timescales (hours to days), but long-term changes during recovery remain largely unknown. To evaluate changes in fluorescence during long-term bleaching and recovery, Porites compressa and Montipora capitata corals were experimentally bleached in tanks at 30°C for 1 month, while control fragments were maintained at 27°C. A pulse amplitude modulated fluorometer measured the quantum yield of photosystem II fluorescence (Fv/Fm) of the zooxanthellae each week during bleaching, and after 0, 1.5, 4 and 8 months recovery. M. capitata appeared bleached 6 days sooner than P. compressa, yet their fluorescence patterns during bleaching did not significantly differ. Changes in minimum (Fo), maximum (Fm) and variable (Fv) fluorescence throughout bleaching and recovery indicated periods of initial photoprotection followed by photodamage in both species, with P. compressa requiring less time for photosystem II (PS II) repair than M. capitata. Fv/Fm fully recovered 6.5 months earlier in P. compressa than M. capitata, suggesting that the zooxanthellae of P. compressa were more resilient to bleaching stress.


A 775 nm femto-second laser annealed approach for the inter-pixel isolation, without mesa etching, to reduce dark currents of type-II InAs/GaSb superlattice photodiodes is presented. A greater than two fold improvement of the pixel isolation and a corresponding reduction in the dark current are observed for laser annealed superlattice photodiodes with a 5.5 μm cutoff wavelength, operating at 10K. A higher band gap barrier material from the superlattice structure in the inter-pixel region is expected to form after femto-second laser annealing, which has been explained on the basis of a superlattice inter-diffusion model. The increase in inter-pixel barrier height at 10K is estimated to be ~ 4 meV in the laser annealed superlattice photodiodes.