Background: In 1967 a few years after the first working laser was invented, EndreMester in Semmelweis University Budapest, Hungary wanted to find out if laser might cause cancer. He took some mice, shaved the hair off their backs, divided them into two groups and gave a laser treatment with a low powered ruby laser to one group. They did not get cancer and to his surprise the hair on the treated group grew back more quickly than the untreated group. That was how "laser biostimulation" effects were discovered. Purpose of the work: The effects of pulsed monochromatic light, with fixed pulsations and wavelengths, on the healing of pressure ulcers were evaluated in this prospective, randomized, controlled study. Method: A placebo-controlled, double-blind study using low energy photon therapy (LLLT) was performed in ten patients with bedsore on the back. Treatment was given three times a week for 10 weeks, using monochromatic (red) optical sources; diode 660nm (GaAl-660). The patients who were randomized to placebo treatment received sham therapy from an identical-appearing light source from the same delivery system. Results: Ten patients with bedsore were randomized to receive LLLT or placebo therapy. At the conclusion of the study, the percentage of the initial ulcer area remaining unhealed in the LLLT and placebo groups was 24.4% and 84.7%, respectively (P = 0.0008). The decrease in ulcer area (compared to baseline) observed in the LLLT and placebo groups was 193.0 mm2 and 14.7 mm2, respectively (P = 0.0002). One patient dropped out of the study, complaining of lack of treatment efficacy; he was found to be randomized to the placebo group. There were no adverse effects. Conclusions: In this placebo-controlled, double-blind study LLLT was an effective modality for the treatment of bedsore which were resistant to conventional medical management. The results are encouraging as pulsed monochromatic light increased healing rate and shortened healing time. This will positively affect the quality of life in elderly patients with pressure ulcers. 1Head-Biomedical Science and Medical Biotechnology Department, Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College andHospital, Dhaka-1207. Bangladesh. 2Dept. of Medical Radiation Physics, Kreiskrankenhaus Gummersbach, Teaching Hospital of the University of Cologne, 51643, Germany. And-Dept. of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Gono Bishwabidyalay (Gono University), Nayarhat, Savar, Dhaka-1344, Bangladesh. 3Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College and Hospital,Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh. 4Department of Surgery, Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College and Hospital, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh. *Corresponding author Nazrulislam, Head-Biomedical Science And Medical Biotechnology Department, Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College and Hospital, Dhaka-1207. Bangladesh. Submitted: 29 July 2017; Accepted: 07 Aug 2017; Published: 07 Sep 2017


The world of children is identical with a games or playing. Children learn by playing or by playing a game. But as time goes on, many games have more negative effects on children. The creation of works with the title "Sibaaqun Educational Media Introduction to Hijaiyah Letters and Islamic Literature through the Board Game", has the purpose of conveying knowledge of Islam and introducing the Hijaiyah letters to children through board games. The creation of the work of this board game intends to reduce the negative impact that children receive when playing. By making a game by inserting education in it, and also how to make the game run is non-boring. With the creation of this work, children can learn by playing. Children will get Islamic education in a board game.Keywords: board game, Hijaiyah letters, Islamic games, children's games


In this paper, tubular structure has been obtained by self-assembly of cholesterol derivative via sol–gel process. The tube structure and the formation mechanism have been studied and certified by scanning electron microscopy, infrared, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV–vis) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) data. It is predicated that the tube has been formed by the curl of sheet structure, and the aggregates are composed of two molecules of 1 with H aggregate in laminar structure at micro level.


We provide a unified framework that links recent (and more traditional) literature on growth accounting with recent literature on the importance of shocks to the economy's ability to produce different final goods. Recent macroeconomic literature has used relative prices to proxy for relative technological change in measuring technological change in investment goods versus consumption goods. Even in a closed economy, this relative-price approach is not necessarily appropriate in empirically relevant cases such as where factor shares (including shares of different intermediate inputs) and factor prices might differ across producers, or where some sectors might have increasing returns to scale and (possibly) timevarying markups. With disaggregated data, one can relax these assumptions. In an open economy, terms of trade shocks also affect the economy's ability to provide consumption or investment goods. These shocks affect relative prices, but existing theory provides little guidance on how to interpret these shocks in the context of measuring consumption and investment sector technological innovations. 1 Boston College and NBER, Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, and University of Michigan and NBER, respectively.


Neutron dose rates at detector positions within the X-326, X-330, and X-333 buildings were evaluated for an accidental criticality outside of each building. As fissile material bearing equipment and containers are moved to and from each building, the possibility exists for a criticality accident to occur. This analysis demonstrates that a criticality accident which occurs at any position on the access roads alongside a process building can be detected. The detectable area includes all points within the access road boundary along each face of each building. This analysis also demonstrates that the criticality alarm systems of the process buildings will respond to criticality events occurring within the tie lines connecting the process buildings. This analysis was performed using the MCNP Monte Carlo neutron-proton transport code. The radiation source is the neutron leakage spectrum of a critical solution of 4.95 percent enriched UO{sub 2}F{sub 2}-H{sub 2}O at a power level corresponding to the ANSI ANS 8.3. Standard minimum accident of concern. The evaluated neutron fluxes were converted to neutron dose rates by use of the Henderson free-in-air response functions. Critical source positions correspond to the farthest source to detector distances on the access roads along each face of the three buildings,more » and the centerpoint of the building tie lines. This report contains the methodology used for this study, a background on the data used, and a section about the assumptions and limits to all conclusions.« less


AbstractOne of the most commonly used metrics for both locating the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) geographically and defining the intensity of MJO convective activity is the real-time multivariate MJO (RMM) index. However, a climatology of the MJO, particularly with respect to the frequency of activity levels or of consecutive days at certain activity thresholds, does not yet exist. Thus, several climatological aspects of the MJO were developed in this study: 1) annual and 2) seasonal variability in MJO intensity, quantified using four defined activity categories (inactive, active, very active, and extremely active); 3) persistence in the above-defined four categories; 4) cycle length; and 5) low-frequency (decadal) variability.On an annual basis, MJO phases 1 and 2 occurred more often, and phase 8 occurred less often, than the other phases throughout the year. Notable seasonality was also found, particularly in the frequency of extremely active MJO in March–May (8% of days) compared with June–August (o...


Background: Distal radius fractures are one of the most routinely encountered injuries in an orthopaedic setting. Despite the wide variety of treatment options available there is still debate about the optimal way to treat these fractures. The aim was to evaluate and compare functional and radiological outcomes of unstable distal radius fractures treated by either by using volar locking compression plating (VLP) or by using percutaneous fixation augmented by Kirschner (K) wires (EF).

Methods: A retrospective analysis was carried out on all cases of acute unstable unilateral fracture distal radius who were admitted between January 2015 and December 2017 and were treated either by VLP or EF. QuickDASH score and PRWE were documented at every follow up in OPD at 6 weeks, 6 months and 1 year post-op along with serial X-rays at immediate post-op and 01 year which were then compared.

Results: A total of 122 cases of fracture distal radius were selected for study which fulfilled the inclusion criteria out of which 49 were treated by VLP and 73 by EF. There was no statistical difference in QuickDASH, PRWE scores or wrist ROM between two groups at1 year follow up. However VLP group was better in maintaining palmar tilt, radial length and inclination at the end of 1 year.

Conclusions: Both VLP and EF show comparable and predictable good outcomes in treating unstable distal radius fractures when measured in terms of ROM and clinically validated patient outcome scores at 01 year follow up with similar rate of complications.


An article challenging the mid--late twelfth-century date for St Rule's, presenting a new interpretation of the structure. Also considered are other church buildings in eastern--central Scotland which, it is argued, provide evidence of a well-established tradition of church construction in stone before the twelfth century.


Burkholderia pseudomallei , the causative agent of melioidosis, can survive and replicate in macrophages. Little is known about B. pseudomallei genes that are induced during macrophage infection. We constructed a B. pseudomallei K96243 promoter trap library with genomic DNA fragments fused to the 5 (cid:48) end of a plasmid-borne gene encoding enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP). Microarray analysis showed that the library spanned 88% of the B. pseudomallei genome. The recombinant plasmids were introduced into Burkholderia thailandensis E264, and promoter fusions active during in vitro culture were removed. J774A.1 murine macrophages were infected with the promoter trap library, and J774A.1 cells containing fluorescent bacteria carrying plasmids with active promoters were isolated using flow cytometric-based cell sorting. Candidate macrophage-induced B. pseudomallei genes were identified from the location of the insertions containing an active promoter activity. A proportion of the 138 genes identified in this way have been previously reported to be involved in metabolism and transport, virulence, or adaptation. Novel macrophage-induced B. pseudomallei genes were also identified. Quantitative reverse-transcription PCR analysis of 13 selected genes confirmed gene induction during macrophage infection. Deletion mutants of two macrophage-induced genes from this study were attenuated in Galleria mellonella larvae, suggesting roles in virulence. B. pseudomallei genes activated during macrophage infection may contribute to intracellular life and pathogenesis and merit further investigation toward control strategies for melioidosis.


Background: Piroxicam is one of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs which is widely used in treating
rheumatic disorder. Aim of the study: Studying the effects of piroxicam pertaining on the liver tissue to
the chronic administration in male albino mice Mus musculus histologically and histochemically changes.
Material and methods: A total number of (30) adult male albino mice were utilized in this study, they were
randomly distributed into three groups, the first and second groups were orally treated with concentrations
(75, 150) mg/kg of piroxicam respectively for one and two months, the third group considered as control
group were orally treated with distilled water, liver samples were collected every one and two months for
the histological and histochemically study. Results: This study recorded the presence of histopathological
changes in liver tissue of the treated mice with concentration 75 mg/kg represented by degeneration of
hepatocyte, sinusoidal dilation, inflammatory cellular infiltration, vascular congestion in the portal vein
and beginning of calcium casts formation, while the group treated with 150 mg/kg of the drug showed
portal vein congestion and dilation, blood sinusoidal were highly obliterated, proliferation of bile duct and
nuclei appeared pyknotic, in addition there were a remarkable decrease in the glycogen controls of cells.
Conclusion: It could be concluded that piroxicam drugs has drastic effects on liver tissue as represented by
the observed histopathological changes.


A new plant bug genus and species, Andrewia bochkovi gen. et sp. nov., of the Phylinae is described from the Biak Island, Papua Province of Indonesia. The described species has been characterised molecularly based on COI, 16S and 28S markers, and its phylogenetic position has been tested using model‐based (RAxML and Bayesian) phylogenetic analyses. Photographs of habitus, male and female genitalia, illustrations of male genitalia, scanning electron micrographs of morphological structures and host information are also provided. The systematic position of the new genus within Phylinae is discussed. Andrewia gen. nov. forms a separate clade sister to all other phylines except for the tribe Hallodapini.


We present WebShaman, a virtual prototyping application which shows how the work of electronics and telecommunications product designers can be supported using the World Wide Web. We describe a concept design session where two or more electronics product designers and their customers work on a design object such as a future mobile telephone. WebShaman demonstrates the computer support of synchronous product concept design over the WWW. The system represents the design object as a three-dimensional virtual prototype, which can be shown and manipulated in an information space accessible to all participants. Distributed simulation of the device can be used to mediate the designers' understanding of the prototype's functionality. To facilitate this, we use a technique called "smart virtual prototyping". It allows the users to add functionality and simulation to virtual prototypes and to use them in a collaborative fashion. We will first present the background of our work and then the application architecture and its use.


For information regarding the scope of this column, consult the headnote in the September 2011 issue. The dates of access for each review of an online source indicate the dates during which the reviewer was evaluating the resource. All Web sites were last accessed to verify availability on 1 February 2012. Variations Digital Music Library System and Variations Audio Timeliner. [Bloomington, IN]: Indiana University, 2005-. http://www.dlib.indiana.edu/projects/variations3/index.html (Accessed December 2011). [Requires a Web browser, Adobe Flash Player, and an Internet connection. Full Variations system requires installation of Linux operating system, MySQL 5 database, Java, Darwin streaming server, DjVuLibre, Apache Web server, and Tomcat Web application server. Variations Audio Timeliner requires a Pentium II 500MHz processes, 256MB RAM (512MB preferred), 2GB hard drive or better, 16-bit audio, 1024x768 resolution, and QuickTime 7.0 or higher. Required operating systems include Windows 2000, XP, or Vista for Windows or Mac OS X for Macintosh. Pricing: free.] First launched by Indiana University in the mid-1990s, Variations is a digital asset management system uniquely designed to handle music materials. The software became available to other institutions as an open source release in 2009. While there are other systems on the market that institutions have adapted to manage musicrelated assets (such as DSpace (1) and CONTENTdm (2)), none of these focus specifically on music and none handle music materials as effectively as Variations. Iii its most current incarnation, Variations offers back-end tools for digitizing audio and print materials as well as front-end interfaces for accessing streamed audio and digital scores. Since Indiana's open source release, many institutions are using Variations as a reserves system, though it has potential for much broader applications. The system could be used for delivering institutional musical performances, rare/special collection recordings, or non-music recordings such as speeches. readings, and broadcasts. In addition to providing mechanisms for digitizing and delivery, Variations also offers tools specifically designed to enrich the user experience. Such tools include customizable bookmarks, playlists, annotation options, and quizzing functions. Variations is available both as a browserbased interface and as a standalone Java application (see figures 1 and 2). Presently the Web version works only with audio (riot scores)! The stand-alone version is available for the latest Mac or Windows operating systems (Mac OS X, Windows Vista, and Windows 7) and requires QuickTime software to function. (4) Details for downloading Variations will vary by institution, as will the way in which users launch and use the system. Users who wish to explore either the standalone version or browser-based interface with sample tracks may visit the Variations Web site for more information. (5) The particular process used at Baylor University) is discussed laler in this review. [FIGURE 1 OMITTED] AUDIO PLAYER In addition to the standard playback/ control functions one would expect (volume control, play/pause.and navigation). the audio player allows users to create playlists. These playlisis are exportable as either HTML, files or native Variations files (V2P). Either Format results in a small file (approximately 4KB). Opening a playlist file or HTML document launches Variations and loads the playlist. The audio player also has a bookmarking feature that allows users to mark locations within it recording for later use. While the default name for the bookmark is taken from the track listing. users can rename and rearrange bookmarks and can also add comments to each bookmark. From the edit screen, users can manage bookmarks by organizing them into folders. sending bookmarks to a playlist, or exporting them as HTML. or Variations (V2B) files. SCORE VIEWER The Variations score viewer allows navigation of the entire score through a scrub bar. …


Subtitle: Container crane technology continues to evolve in response to the demand of the container shipping market, and this is helping to trigger further improvements in cable and reel technology.


In this paper we present an algorithm for the formation of stochastic time series with arbitrary statistical properties, using the Monte-Carlo method. Obtained in the middle of the arithmetic evaluation of the expectation and taking into account the interactions between neighboring measurements, which showed the feasibility of using the latter as a more optimal.


This paper presents the process for research and implementation a database proxy module in Oracle of the database backup software H-info Backup. This software used the modular design,and has 5 major modules:Director(As the Server of other backup software),File Daemon(as the client of other backup software),Storage Daemon(Storage Server),Console(Control backup and recovery),Catalog DataBase(Background database for record the Job information of backup and recovery).While the software running,the database proxy module transfer a dynamic link library(DLL) to the File Daemon.This DLL includes functions of backup and recovery for database.File Daemon dynamically loaded DLL to call these fuctions,then backup and recovery a concrete database.The H-info Backup also provided the logical backup.The test environment is OS:windows2000,CPU:Celeron 2.4 GB,Memory:768 MB.Under such a test environment,this software worked well in logical backup.And the speed of physical backup almost equals to that of other backup software.


This paper takes a fresh look at the arguments against path-enumeration algorithms for the traffic assignment problem and provides the results of a gradient projection method. The motivation behind the research is the orders of magnitude improvement in the availability of computer storage over the last decade. Faster assignment algorithms are necessary for real-time traffic assignment under several of the proposed Advanced Traffic Management System (ATMS) strategies, and path-based solutions are preferred. Our results show that gradient projection converges in 1/10 iterations than the conventional Frank-Wolfe algorithm. The computation time improvement is of the same order for small networks, but reduces as the network size increases. We discuss the computer implementation issues carefully, and provide schemes to achieve a 10-fold speed-up for larger networks also. We have used the algorithm for networks of up to 2000 nodes on a typical computer work station, and we discuss certain data structures to save storage and solve the assignment problem for even a 5000 node network.


A colour tunable lighting element is described, which comprises an assembly of dielectric barrier discharge lamps, each of them filled with a noble gas or a noble gas mixture, wherein a Xe low-pressure discharge generates invisible UV radiation, which is converted into visible light by one or several phosphors being coated onto the inner surface of the bulb, wherein the visible light of several dielectric barrier discharge lamps is mixed by optical means and is emitted homogeneously. Such an assembly of dielectric barrier discharge lamps is useful for the generation of white light with an arbitrary colour temperature and of saturated coloured light.


Constant false alarm rate (CFAR) processors are used to detect radar targets in the nonstationary background noise distribution with unknown parameters. In this study, a new CFAR processor based on Range Ordered Statistics (ROS) is proposed. In homogeneous background, for a given probability of false alarm, the probability of detection expression of the ROS-CFAR processor is analytically derived. Also, the detection performance of ROS-CFAR processor is compared with some CFAR processors given in the literature, analytically in homogeneous backgrounds and by simulation in nonhomogeneous (multiple target) backgrounds.


General relativity may be formulated as a gauge theory more than one way using the quotient manifold approach. We contrast the structures that arise in four gravitational gauge theories, three of which give satisfactory gauge theoris of general relativity. Of particular interest is the quotient of the conformal group of a flat space by its Weyl subgroup, which always has natural symplectic and metric structures in addition to the requisite manifold. This quotient space admits canonically conjugate, orthogonal, metric submanifolds distinct from the original space if and only if the original flat space has signature n, -n or 0. In the Euclidean cases, the resultant configuration space must be Lorentzian. This gives a 1-1 mapping between Euclidean and Lorentzian submanifolds, with induced Euclidean gravity or general relativity, respectively.


We consider dynamic routing of holding-time aware demands under a sliding scheduled traffic model to satisfy demands' bandwidth and timing requirements. We propose an all hops optimal routing algorithm that iteratively finds all feasible paths of at most h hops at the end of h-th iteration. We prove the correctness and analyze the time complexity of the algorithm.


FIELD: medicine. SUBSTANCE: described are novel heterocyclic compounds of general formulae and (values of radicals are given in invention formula), pharmaceutical compositions containing them and application of said heterocyclic compounds for treatment disorders mediated with MAP kinase cascade. EFFECT: increase of compound efficiency. 67 cl, 106 ex, 2 tbl, 2 dwg


Impulsive–compulsive and related behavioral disorders (ICD) are drug-induced non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). Recently research has focused on evaluating whether ICD could be predicted and managed using a pharmacogenetic approach based on dopaminergic therapies, which are the main risk factors. The aim of our study was to evaluate the role of candidate genes such as DBH, DRD2, MAOA, BDNF, COMT, SLC6A4, SLC6A3, ACE, DRD1 gene polymorphisms in the pathogenesis of ICD in PD. We compared patients with PD and ICD (n = 49), patients with PD without ICD (n = 36) and a healthy control group (n = 365). ICD was diagnosed using the QUIP questionnaires and specific diagnostic criteria for subtypes of ICD. Genotyping was conducted using a number of PCR techniques and SNaPshot. Statistical analysis was performed using WinPepi and APSampler v3.6 software. PCA testing was conducted using RStudio software v1.4.1106-5. The following substitutions showed statistically significant correlations with PD and ICD: DBH (rs2097629, rs1611115), DRD2 (rs6275, rs12364283, rs1076560), ACE (rs4646994), DRD1 (rs686), BDNF (rs6265), these associations are novel in Russian PD patients. Our findings suggest that polymorphisms in DBH, BDNF, DRD2, ACE genes in Russian subjects are associated with an increased risk of ICD development.


Initially, 68 interviews were conducted throughout South East (SE) Asia, but of those, 51 were deemed to fit the definition of a self-initiated expatriate transnational entrepreneur. Of the 51 transnational entrepreneurs interviewed, 37 were males and 14 were females. This mirrors the general trend in Japanese entrepreneurship in that males tend to dominate the field, yet there is positive growth among women. In addition, 37 were married and 14 were single. Sixty percent of male SIEEs were aged between 26 and 35 when they became a SIEE, while for women, the majority became an entrepreneur between the ages of 26 and 40, highlighting that men tend to start slightly earlier in life than women (Table 4.1).


A new uni-planar coplanar waveguide slot antenna is presented. The antenna is used to efficiently excite the dominant transverse magnetic (TM) mode inside a grounded slab. The antenna design and optimisation using two commercially available softwares are described. The antenna was fabricated and tested. Good agreement between the numerical and experimental results is obtained.


Due to their reconfigurability and their high density of resources, SRAM-based FPGAs are more and more used in embedded systems. For some applications (Pay-TV,Banking, Telecommunication ...), a high level of security is needed. FPGAs are intrinsically sensitive to ionizing effects, such as light stimulation, and attackers can try to exploit faults injected in the downloaded configuration. Previous studies presented the results obtained with multiple laser shots across different elements of the device. The exact effect of a single laser shot was not studied; a global picture of the type of generated errors was rather drawn. This work analyses the effects of a single laser shot onto the configuration memory. Results take into account several diameters of pulsed laser spots targeted on several types of logical blocks and compare theirs effects.


Male CD-I mice were fed diets containing 10 wt% fat composed of a constant amount of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA; safflower oil, 1.5 wt%) and increasing levels of n-3 PUFA (up to 1.5 wt%); t


A method is presented for the choice of spectral regions when absorption measurements are coupled to chemometric tools to perform quantitative analyses. The method is based on the spectral distribution of the relative standard deviation of concentration (sc/c). It has been applied to the development of PLS-FTNIR calibration models for the determination of density and MON of gasoline, and ethanol content and density of ethanol fuel. The new method was also compared with the correlation (R2) method and has proved to generate PLS calibration models that present better accuracy and precision than those based on R2.


Abstract This case study investigated the practiced language policies of a French elementary school educator, Catherine, as she implemented the French National Cycle of instruction for the early elementary grades with a culturally and linguistically diverse (CLD) class of students. The findings revealed that macro-level policies—such as curriculum and teaching practices perpetuated monolingual ideologies and an overall republican goal of integration—limited Catherine's practices in her work with CLD students. The study highlights the critical need for continuing reform in practices in teacher education and development in France, as well as in the ways that CLD students are served in French public schools.


This paper relates to analyses and control of the oscillations occurring in many off road vehicles, which are designed without any suspension. Without suspension, the tire is the only elastic element acting between the vehicle and the ground but the suspension and damping properties of the tires cannot meet the demands for fast, safe and comfortable road transportation. In this paper the above-mentioned phenomenon is investigated with special focus on agricultural tractors. A control strategy is developed to make the implement counteract the movement of the tractor and thereby reducing the pitching oscillation. The control strategy is based on a linear plant model with constant or slowly varying parameters. Using a frequency-response approach the disturbance rejection is made effective over a significant portion of the system bandwidth. To improve robustness with respect to bounded disturbances (from the road) natural frequencies for the vehicle and implement is identified and the controller parameters tuned adaptively based on an optimization formulation.Copyright © 2003 by ASME


Analyses are made of the mutual interactions between shock structure and the sidewall laminar boundary layer and their effects on the quasi-steady flat-plate laminar boundary layer in ionizing-argon shock-tube flows. The mutual interactions are studied using effective quasi-one-dimensional equations derived from an area-averaged-flow concept in a finite-area shock tube. The effects of mass, momentum and energy nonuniformities and the wall dissipations in the ionization and relaxation regions on the argon shock structure are discussed. The new results obtained for shock structure, shock-tube laminar side-wall and quasi-steady flat-plate boundary-layer flows are compared with dual-wavelength interferometric data obtained from the UTIAS 10 × 18 cm Hypervelocity Shock Tube. It is shown that the difference between the results obtained from the present method and those obtained by Enomoto based on Mirels' perfect-gas boundary-layer solutions are significant for lower shock Mach numbers (Ms ∼ 13) where the relaxation lengths are large (∼ 10cm). In general, the present results agree better with our experimental data than our previous results for uncoupled ionizing flows.


This article introduced characteristics of Yili horse breeds resources and research progress on saddle horses,trotter horses,dairy horses,meat horses and other specialized new varieties(strains) based on Yili horses as breeding material,analyzed the broad development prospects of Yili horses specialized varieties(strains) breeding from the development trend of the modern industry of the horse,market demand and the xinjiang industry policy,planning,etc.


to the editor: We thank Dr. Mahe and colleagues ([2][1]) for their letter commenting on our recent findings that chronic low-dose aspirin therapy (81 mg) consistently and significantly attenuates reflex-mediated cutaneous vasodilation during heat stress ([1][2]). Daily low-dose aspirin (81 mg) is


Performance evaluation increasingly assumes a more important role in any organizational environment. In the transport area, the drivers are the company's image and for this reason it is important to develop and increase their performance and commitment to the company goals. One way of doing so is through evaluation, which can be used to motivate drivers to improve their performance and to discover training needs. This work aims to create a performance appraisal evaluation model of the drivers based on the multi-criteria decision aid methodology. The PROMETHEE and MMASSI methodologies were adapted by using a template supporting the evaluation according to the freight transportation company in study. The evaluation process involved all drivers (collaborators being evaluated), their supervisors and the company management. The final output is a ranking of the drivers, based on their performance, for each one of the scenarios used. The scenarios have been constructed according to the organization needs. The results produce are to be used as a decision tool to allocate drivers to the national transportation service. In addition, the results obtained can be used to develop the driver's skills since it allows for the identification of specific and personal needs for improvement and development.


In this note, we study the asymptotic behaviour of Levy processes with no positive jumps conditioned to stay positive and some related processes. In particular, we establish an integral test for the lower envelope at $0$ and at $+\infty$ and an analogue of Khintchin's law of the iterated logarithm at 0 and at $+\infty$, for the upper envelope of the reflected process at its future infimum.


Abstract : This Technical Note, IFC-TN-75-1, presents the results of the USAF Instrument Flight Center Helicopter Display Improvement Study (CDG-PFH-1). A representative cross-section of active duty Air Force Helicopter Pilots were sampled by means of a questionnaire. The returned questionnaires provide a data base of approximately 20% of the active helicopter force. Pilots responded to questions directed at their current instrument panels, as well as future panel designs with instrument location, lighting, and operation being addressed. Specific displays were also treated in that pilots were asked to rate their attitude indicators, altimeters, heading indicators and airspeed displays. The desirability of stability augmentation systems, as well as the priority the pilots place on augmenting the various axes is also established. The remaining questions treated helicopter flight directors, tape displays, navigation systems and the control and performance concept of instrument flying.


The research was carried out to analyse a legislative text as a product of translation. It is referred to Seiddel's qualitative data analysis where the data processing was performed by selecting, identification, and tabulating. (2%), compensation (1%), description (2%) discursive creation (5%) generalization (5%), literal translation (10%), modulation (8%), particularization (5%) reduction (5%) completion (4%), and dilation (14%). Meanwhile, the four categories shift are implemented as the following frequency: Intra-system shifts; 90 (52.02%), followed by Unit Shifts 46 (26.59%), Structural Shifts 24 (13.88%), and then Class Shifts 13 (7.51%). The other finding was inaccurateness. It was found that there were inaccurate translation for 5 phrases, and resulted not equivalence ones in rendering the source language into the target language.


This report is the result of a Master Thesis work that has been performed between October 2003 and March 2004. The purpose of the work was to evaluate a part of the signal chain in a product of Mic ...


Mechanical behavior of lattice structures is important for a range of engineering applications. Herein, a new semiempirical model is proposed that describes the entire range of stress–strain response of lattice structures, including the stress‐instability region which is modeled as an oscillator. The model can be fit to individual stress–strain curves to extract elastic modulus, yield stress, collapse stress, post‐yield collapse ratio, densification strain, and the energy absorbed per unit volume. The model is fit to 119 unique experimental stress–strain curves from 13 research papers in literature covering four different lattice designs, namely, octet truss, body‐centered cubic with vertical members, body‐centered cubic, and hexagonal. Manufacturing methods (additive and conventional) and materials (metals and polymers) were also included in the analysis. The fitted model yields several new insights into the compression behavior of previously tested lattice structures and can be applied to additional lattice designs. Among other results, analysis of variance (ANOVA) reveals that the octet truss lattice demonstrates the highest post‐yield collapse ratio and the smallest normalized energy absorption per unit volume amongst the lattice structures investigated. The proposed model is a powerful tool for designers to quantitatively compare and select 3D lattice structures with the desired mechanical characteristics.


ObjectiveTo demonstrate that antibodies against amino acids (aa) 603–622 of the SIV gp41 transmembrane glycoprotein enhance infection of SIV in vivo. DesignA synthetic peptide derived from aa 603–622 of SIVmac251 gp41 was synthesized and tested for immunogenicity in rabbits and SIV-infected rhesus macaques. Next, SIV-naive animals were immunized with either a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing the SIV gp160 envelope glycoprotein (Wrgp160) and boosted three times with aa 603–622 (group 1, four animals), wild-type vaccinia virus and boosted with aa 603–622 (group 2, two animals), or VVrgp160 followed by three doses of an irrelevant peptide (group 3, two animals). Animals were challenged with SIVmac251. ResultsPeptide aa 603–622 was immunogenic in rabbits. SIV-infected rhesus monkeys immunized with the peptide developed two-three log increases in antibodies to this peptide and antibodies that could enhance SIV infection in vitro. SIV-naive rhesus macaques in group 1 had higher levels of antibody to the peptide by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and higher levels of enhancing antibodies at the time of SIV challenge than the animals in groups 2 or 3. Following challenge with SIVmac251 the group 1 animals had detectable p27 antigen longer than animals in group 2 and 3 and died of simian AIDS before the respective animals in the two control groups (P<0.05 by log-rank test). Conclusionsaa 603–622 of SIV gp41, like aa 579–613 of HIV gp41, can stimulate production of antibodies that enhance SIV and HIV infection in vitro. Furthermore, immunization with this peptide suppressed beneficial effects of a gp160 vaccine and appeared to enhance SIV infection in vivo.


In the presence of N, N′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), (Bu4N)2[Mo6O18(NAr)] (1) and (Bu4N)2[Mo6O17(NAr)2] (2), Ar = o-CH3C6H4, have been synthesized via the reaction of [α-Mo8O26]4— with o-toluidine. If the hydrochloride salt of o-toluidine was added into the reactive mixture, only the monofunctionalized imido derivative of [Mo6O19]2— was obtained; the bifunctionalized derivative of [Mo6O19]2— was exclusively synthesized in the presence of non-protonated o-toluidine. The molecular and crystal structures of the hybrid compounds 1 and 2 were determined by X-ray single crystal diffraction, and their UV, IR and NMR spectra were compared. Additionally, a possible reaction mechanism was proposed.


Due to climate change, the rise in global temperature causes an increased need for cooling to satisfy occupants' thermal comfort. Application of architecture passive design strategies, so-called bioclimatic architecture strategies, based on the local climate to forego active cooling measures to decrease the conventional heating need and ensure thermal comfort are, thus, becoming highly relevant and vitally important. In an effort to adapt and promote passive architecture design strategies in the new design or renovation of building projects, this literature review fills the gap by identifying suitable bioclimatic architecture strategies in the Danish setting. The literature review adopts the PRISMA flowchart (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses), and the outcome is supplemented by screening 25 actual bioclimatic architecture-based building design projects in Denmark. The study shows that a wide range of passive strategies are being researched and practiced in Denmark, whereby the focus for passive heating strategies lies on solar gains, thermal insulation and thermal mass. Among passive cooling strategies, natural ventilation and solar shading are the main strategies investigated. Based on the analysis, it is expected that the use and research of those measures will continue, whereby the passive cooling measures will be of particular future interest in light of increasing outdoor temperatures.


By determination of the enthalpies of solution of lanthanum oxide and of lanthanum trihalides in 4n HX we derived the enthalpies of formation of the trihalides at 298 K using tabulated data. On the basis of these data and measured enthalpies of solution in 4n HX of diammonium lanthanum pentahalides, the enthalpies of formation of (NH4)2LaX5 were obtained. ΔH°B(LaCl3,f,298) = -258,5 ± 0,8 kcal/mol; ΔH°B((NH4)2LaCl5,f,298) = -411,5 ± 1,4 kcal/mol; ΔH°B(LaBr3,f,298) = -218,7 ± 1,7 kcal/mol; ΔH°B((NH4)2LaBr5,f,298) = -352,8 ± 2,5 kcal/mol; ΔH°B(LaI3,f,298) = -166,9 ± 2,0 kcal/mol; ΔH°B((NH4)2LaI5,f,298) = -264,7 ± 3,0 kcal/mol.


Background: Wounds which results from an injury or trauma to any tissue of the body, has been claimed to be managed by traditional healers, with over fifty plants reported to have shown wound healing effect or properties. A good example is the Napoleona Vagelii commonly called Mkpodu in Igbo language. Extract from this plant is sometimes prepared as polyherbal medicine. The use of plant extract in the external management of wound is becoming widely acceptable because there is a growing interest in the clinical practice of wound management with the use of chemical component impregnated dressing. Objectives: To confirm the wound healing property of Napoleona Vagelii plant as claimed by folkloric medicine. Methodology: A total number of 20 adult albino rats and 12 mice were used for the wound healing study and for the LD50 study respectively. They were provided with adequate food, drinking water and comfortable cage and housed at the Madonna University animal house. The rats were grouped into five groups of four rats in each group. The hairs of the trunk part of the rats were shaved with a razor and 1.5cm wound was inflicted on each rat using a surgical blade. Petroleum jelly (Vaseline) was applied topically on the wounds of Group A rats, 2mg of Neobacin was applied topically on the wounds of group B rats, while 50mg, 100mg and 150mg of Napoleona Vagelii leaf extracts were also applied topically on the wounds of group C,D, and E rats respectively. The various applications for each group of rats were done on alternate days and the diameter of the wounds measured to assess healing responses. Results: It showed that the methanol extract of Napoleona Vogelii leaf has a wound healing activity, which was however not dose dependent. It showed a very significant wound healing (P < 0.5) Conclusion: Improvement in wound healing by the application of extract of Napoleona Vogelii leaf has been demonstrated by this research. Further works should be carried out by researchers to formulate a medicament for human use from it.


This article deals mainly with the formation and dissolution of storage materials in the cotyledon cells of watermelon ( Citrullus lanatus L.).At 20 DAF(day after flowering),electron microscopic studies reveal that big vacuoles are subdividing into two to several small ones and protein bodies (PBs) forming in endoplasmic reticulums (ERs).Then they enter into vacuoles by autophagy of tonoplast.The number of lipid body (LB) increase,while the starch grains (Ss) decrease.Some regions of the cell wall in matured seeds are discontinuous.During seed germination,the storage protein and lipid dissolute,while small vacuoles merge into large ones.When the cotyledon become green,the plastids in mesophyll cells develop into chloroplast,and some of them have Ss.Mitochondrions with developed membrane,plastids and ERs,ribosomes are abundant in cotyledon cells,which suggests that the metabolism is active in those cells.


The EMC analysis addressed only the direct effects of electromagnetic emissions from the SPS on other technological systems. Emissions were defined quite broadly, including not only those from the microwave system, but also thermal blackbody emission and scattered sunlight from the satellite. The analysis is based on the design for an SPS as described in the Reference System Report and some quantitative conclusions, e.g., ranges from rectenna sites at which effects are expected are specific to that design. The methodology and qualitative conclusions, however, apply to an SPS concept using microwave power transmission. Quantitative conclusions have been obtained parametrically and can be adjusted as SPS designs change. The electromagnetic environment that the Reference System would produce, and in which other systems would have to function, is described. As an early part of the EMC Assessment, the problems expected for a hypothetical rectenna site, in the Mojave Desert of southern California, were analyzed in detail. This effort provided an initial quantitative indication of the scope of potential EMC problems and indicated the importance of EMC considerations in rectenna site selection. The results of this analysis are presented. The effects of SPS microwave emissions on important categories of electronic systems and equipmentmore » are summarized, with many examples of test results and demonstrated techniques for mitigation of problems encountered. SPS effects on other satellite systems are presented. Astronomical research frequently involves measurement of extremely low levels of electromagnetic radiation and is thus very susceptible to interference. The concerns of both radio astronomy with microwave emissions from SPS and optical astronomy with sunlight scattered from SPS spacecraft are discussed. Summaries of mitigation techniques, cost estimates, and conclusions are presented. (WHK)« less


In a deviation from the claim of rationalists that international politics is conducted on the basis of rational calculations of predatory actors, international relations, from a constructivist standpoint, are made not only of interests, but also of social identities and social relationships that deeply influence states' respective foreign policies. Unit-level Constructivism argues that social trends, especially trends in public opinion, are a dependent variable when explaining states' foreign overtures. This paper posits that this is not usually the case. It is indeed common to see examples of paradoxes between favorable social identities and perceptions, and estranged foreign policies between two states or entities, such as the Japan-Republic of China (Taiwan) relationship case study. Taiwan feels it is under political house arrest, and presumes that Taipei is trying to court more vigorous Japanese support for a greater degree of independence. Why Tokyo is unable to support Taipei's international bids or upgrade its diplomatic relationship with Taiwan, despite favorable social realities in both countries as successive public opinion polls have consistently shown, is the central question which this work seeks to answer in relation to the Unit-level Constructivist perspective. The analytical approach this work seeks to test is constructivism, especially the unit-level constructivist argument epitomized by Peter Katzenstein. The reason for applying unit-level constructivism is to demonstrate that Japanese and Taiwanese respective social identities and domestic politics, which are mutually sympathetic, have not been translated into tangible political gains that could help break Taiwan's house arrest, and therefore to draw the attention to the validity of unit-level constructivism regarding the Taiwan-Japan case study. This paper, however, argues that explaining the paradox between what Taipei expects from Japan in standing by Taiwan in its efforts to gain more international recognition and what Tokyo could do in this direction requires exploring the link between three major variables. The first is the paradox between Taipei's expectations of Japan and of Tokyo's ability to deliver, despite the mutually positive perception between the Taiwanese and Japanese peoples, recalling Katzenstein's (1996) argument here. The second variable is the volatile Sino-Japanese relationship as a barometer to fathom the depth of Tokyo's interaction with Taipei; and the third variable is the U.S. impact on Japan's options towards Taiwan as a geostrategic variable to which unit-level constructivism pays little attention as a major element in studying interstate relationships.


Three trends in the study of forecasting methods are apparent today. First, the popularity of forecasting is currently on the upswing, in part because of practitioner concerns with the effective management of assets over multiple planning horizons and the rising costs of forecasting error. Second, because advances in computer technology allow sophisticated forecasting methods to be used by several management echelons, companywide understanding of basic forecasting concepts is needed. Finally, the study of forecasting methods has gradually left the domain of economics courses and has found favor in the business curriculum. In light of these trends, it is not surprising that a growing number of texts on business forecasting are available for marketing students and practitioners alike. The four texts presented here illustrate the variety of approaches brought to the study of forecast-


The mutual fund universe is vast not only in the number of offerings it makes available to investors, but also in the asset class and strategy exposures that the individual funds provide. US mutual fund assets as of 2017 amounted to roughly $18.7 trillion dollars in assets.1 This behemoth of a complex is difficult to navigate even with the existing fund category methodologies provided to the investor community by several investment research and consulting firms. In a universe of such complexity, a categorization or classification system is necessary to help distill these funds into common groups that share overwhelming asset class and risk exposures.


The Ostrogothic king Theoderic is the only non-Roman ruler of Late Antiquity to have acquired the epithet the Great, albeit only in modern times. Born around 453 in Pannonia (Hungary) as the son of a Gothic king named Thiudimir, he grew up in Constantinople, where he was held as a hostage for ten years. He returned to Pannonia in 471, in 474 succeeding his father, who had meanwhile led the "Pannonian Goths" into Macedonia. For several years Theoderic fought a Gothic king and rival claimant to imperial favor likewise named Theoderic whose power base was in Thrace (hence "Thracian Goths"). Only after the latter's death in 481 did he succeed in uniting the two groups under his leadership. Although he was subsequently appointed magister militum and held the consulship in 484, relations with the emperor Zeno soon became hostile. In 488, Theoderic and Zeno made an agreement that Theoderic should take his people to Italy and eliminate Odovacer. After a devastating war, he slew Odovacer by his own hand in March 493, in breach of an oath sworn shortly before to share rule in Italy. Having secured sole rule in Italy, Theoderic turned his mobile and militarized followers into a standing army by allotting them ownership rights to landed estates (rather than shares in land tax, as some have argued). He defined his position as ruler over two peoples, Goths and Romans, to which he assigned complementary but separate roles ("integration by separation"). While Goths were warriors by definition, the civilian population was labeled Roman. Theoderic won over the senatorial elites by preserving their privileges, wealth, and social power and by giving them a share in his rule. He left the administrative structures of the Late Roman state largely unaltered and filled all positions of a civilian nature with people from the senatorial milieu. Although he belonged to a Christian denomination considered heretical by Catholics ("Arian") he treated Catholic bishops with respect; they in turn asked him to act as an arbitrator when in 498 Symmachus and Laurentius were simultaneously elected to be bishop of Rome. From 508 to 511 he extended his rule over Provence and the Iberian peninsula. Relations with the senatorial elites and the Roman church became strained at the end of Theoderic's life. He died in Ravenna on 30 August 526 without having nominated an heir to the throne. His kingdom fell within a generation after his death, but his memory lived on in Italy and in all Germanic-speaking lands where legend transformed him into Dietrich of Berne.


The objectives of this research are: 1) to describe the students' science process skills after being taught by the project work learning model in class VII SMP Sawunggaling; and 2) to determine the effect of the project work learning model on the cognitive learning outcomes of grade VII students of SMP Sawunggaling. This type of research is a quasi-experimental research design using pre-test-post-test control group design. The population in this study were all seventh grade students of SMP Sawunggaling in the 2018/2019 academic year. The research sample was class VIIA as the experimental class and class VIIB as the control class. Determination of the sample is done by using the Cluster Random Sampling technique. Data analysis techniques are descriptive and t-test. Based on the results of data analysis, science process skills showed that the first meeting in the experimental class was 84.88% in the very skilled category, while at the second meeting it was 91.36% in the very skilled category. The test data of students' cognitive learning outcomes showed the average value of the experimental class was 79.56% with classical completeness 86.36%, while in the control class the average value was 65.22% with classical completeness 56.52%. The test data of students' cognitive learning outcomes were then analyzed using t-test, obtained tcount of 2.39 and ttable of 1.68. Because tcount > ttable, the conclusion of this study is that there is an effect of the project work learning model on students' cognitive learning outcomes.


The article substantiates the use of preliminary static loading and subsequent forging force when stamping thin sheet parts of complex shape with an elastic punch. The static load provides a relative deformation of the order of 20– 30% in the processing zone, which guarantees the stability of the position of the workpiece during subsequent pulsed loading. This technique is very important in the manufacture of asymmetric parts with a thickness of 0.01 – 0.3 mm. As a result, the accuracy of the products obtained corresponds to the 7th grade.The article provides a schematic diagram and a description of the proposed design of a double-action press, and analyzes the cyclogram of the device.It is recommended to carry out a static load with an electric drive, a pulsed one with a magnetic hammer, which is connected to a generator of impulse currents with a capacitive storage with an energy capacity of up to 40 kJ with a natural discharge frequency of the current of 20 kHz.


In this paper,an practical CAD software (RBDS) is introduced, and its modularity structure, program composition and interface technology are also discussed.


Contrary to the predictions of the traditional Phillips curve model, the euro-area experienced subdued wage growth despite a tightening labour market during the period 2013 to 2017. This has led to a debate around whether the standard unemployment rate, or indeed currently used broader measures, adequately capture the level of labour slack in an economy. In this paper, we construct a measure of labour market slack for twelve European countries, the Non-Employment Index (NEI). The NEI weighs each group outside the labour force by their relative probability of transitioning into employment. Using pseudo out-of-sample conditional forecasts, we show that the NEI is a better predictor of wage dynamics during the period 2013-2017 than other traditional measures of slack in countries exposed to the european sovereign debt crisis. The improvement is seen both in terms of point and density forecasts. We confirm this result in a panel framework, controlling for expectations, external factors, and productivity.


PURPOSE: An apparatus and a method for generating a preamble sequence in an OFDM communication system are provided to improve a characteristic of the preamble sequence by using an odd-numbered sub-carrier short preamble sequence having a low PARP(Peak to Average Power Ratio). CONSTITUTION: An apparatus for generating a preamble sequence in an OFDM communication system includes a first antenna preamble sequence generator and a second antenna preamble sequence generator. The first antenna preamble sequence generator(517) is used for the first preamble sequence in order to perform a transmitting operation through one of two antennas. The first preamble sequence includes odd-numbered data of the preamble sequence as null data and even-numbered data of the preamble sequence as non-null data. The second antenna preamble sequence generator(529) is used for the second preamble sequence in order to perform the transmitting operation through the other antenna of two antennas. The second preamble sequence includes the even-numbered data of the preamble sequence as the null data and the odd-numbered data of the preamble sequence as the non-null data.


SYNOPSIS Degree-days are widely utilised to evaluate heating energy consumption in buildings. An auxiliary criterion, which can provide useful information about the diffusion of energy demand in a given territory, is the analysis of the population distribution performed on the basis of the local winter climate. This paper studies the possibility of correlating heating energy consumption in buildings and the territorial distribution of degree-days and population. The distribution of the Italian population was analysed in relation with heating degree-days and population-weighted degree-days were calculated. Correlated consumption indexes were then introduced and their nationwide distribution was analysed. These indexes enabled us to locate the distribution of energy demand and pick out the areas where consumption density is highest. The predictive method was successfully validated by comparison with real data on natural gas consumption in Italy for the winter heating of buildings.


Ectopic pancreas (EcP) is an uncommon congenital anomaly that can be found anywhere along the Gastro-Intestinal tract, most frequently in the stomach (antrum), in the duodenum or in the jejunum. EcP is often asymptomatic and benign, but it can show the same pathological features of the pancreas gland, even malignant transformation. Preoperative diagnosis is difficult. The prognosis of adenocarcinoma developed from ectopic pancreas is still unknown. We report the clinical case of a female 67 years old patient, admitted in our department for vomiting. The aim of our case report with review of the literature is to highlight that in clinical practice EcP is a rare pathological condition but it has to be considered in the differential diagnosis of upper gastrointestinal tract disease, because of the risk of malignant degeneration.


Similarity search in very high dimensions is vital for many scientific research activities as well as real applications. A high performance, scalable, and optimal quality solution to the problem still remains challenging. We\footnote{Both authors have contributed equally to the work.} propose a vote count based algorithm using $p$-stable distribution for approximate similarity search. Approximate similarity search effectively serves purpose for many real applications. Our algorithm is efficient and scalable with both dimension and database size. We also propose a novel hardware implementation of the algorithm using simple modification to Random Access Memory (RAM). The hardware design gives real time search for millions of points at practical cost. We empirically achieve high accuracy for query results using our algorithm on 128 dimensional synthetic and real datasets.


This article on families in Bangladesh is a abridged version of an article published in UNESCOs "The Changing Family in Asia" in 1992. The author concludes that further research is needed at the micro-level multiregionally on changing life styles on the impact of increased nucleation on the social structure on the impact on family life from womens greater involvement in agricultural and manual labor pursuits and on the disintegration of families due to migration. A descriptive summary is given of the basic social organization of families including the "gusthi" (all male patrilineal descendants of a great-grandfather) and the "samaj" (people grouped on the basis of kinship and territory and with a socio-political identity). Families follow the patterns of joint extended and nuclear. Joint families include three or more generations living together. Extended families are a group of nuclear families and related individuals from several generations living together. In 1972 the number of nuclear families was reported to be about 51-58% in villages. Population growth in Bangladesh did not result in an increased number of households only in increased household size. Higher average size of households predominated in Buddhist households followed by Muslim and Hindu households. Household size has been gradually increasing in Chittagong Khulna and Rajshahi while fertility has been declining. This pattern is attributed to a decrease in single member households a decrease in mortality and more extended families. Bangladesh had an excess male population during 1901-74. The sex ratio in rural areas has not changed over the decades before 1974. Mean age at marriage is increasing in urban and rural areas but at a faster rate in urban areas. 48% of total population are women and 90% live in rural areas. Male dominance continues to be reinforced by the kinship system. The practice of purdah keeps women isolated from society. The causes of family changes are not well researched in Bangladesh.


We describe a interactive PDP-11 simulator that runs on the Apple Macintosh. The simulator has been extremely easy for students at the University of Arkansas to learn and operate after a fraction of one lecture period of explanation. It has been utilized for three years in two undergraduate courses: computer organization and assemblers, translators & compilers. Compared to using an actual PDP-11 or a simulator (not the author's) running on our University's mainframe, we have found that the students using the Macintosh simulator achieve higher productivity, measured not by the number of lines assembled or executed in a second but by the number of human hours spent writing and debugging a program. Students gain a clearer understanding of concepts that are intrinsically dynamic (such as the birth and death of activation records) due to the ease with which (simulated) memory and registers can be monitored during execution.


In this thesis for the degree of Master of Science from Stockholm University we explore the ideas of Symmetric Informationally Complete Positive Valued Measures (SIC-POVMs; commonly just SICs). Thi ...


Billions of units of electrical equipment are deployed world wide. Recent work has shown that, for the vast majority of these devices, the input power supply can operate well outside the design safe operating area under line conditions that are frequently encountered. Discussions with several major equipment manufacturers, as well as tests with commercial equipment have confirmed that input power stage failure is the leading cause of field failure. Input stage failure has typically been attributed to voltage surges, and has led to the UL 1449 standard and test protocol being widely adopted by industry. This paper shows that current-inrush surges, and not voltage surges, are the leading cause of equipment failure. These current-inrush surges occur at the end of frequent voltage sag events, when the inrush current limiting circuits are bypassed and offer minimal protection. The paper presents definitive data on the statistics of power disturbances, detailed analysis of the failure mechanism for various types of input stages, and a methodology for predicting the susceptibility of equipment. The paper also proposes the concept of a Power Disturbance Safe Operating Area (PD-SOA) specification for electrical equipment, and the possible need for a new standard specifying equipment behavior under voltage sag conditions.


ABSTRACT Influence of three different deposition methods (namely, feed shoe, funnel and rainy) on the compression response of two powders was studied using a medium pressure (< 35 MPa) flexible boundary cubical triaxial tester (CTT). The two test powders were: (I) a silicon nitride-based ceramic powder (KY 35001), and (2) a microcrystalline cellulose-based pharmaceutical powder (Avicel PH 1022), The fundamental stress-strain engineering parameters of the powders (such as bulk modulus, shear modulus, compression index and swelling index) were determined for each of the three deposition methods at different isotropic pressure values. Analysis of CTT test results showed that deposition methods significantly affected (p < 0.05) certain elastic and plastic parameters of the two powders. In case of KY 3500 powder, it was found that the shear modulus and compression index values were sensitive to deposition methods (p < 0.05). However, the bulk modulus and swelling (i.e., recovery) index values of KY 3500 were i...


Chronic kidney disease (CKD) earlier used to called as chronic renal failure (CRF). Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is having higher rate of morbidity and mortality. CKD is a globally recognized public health problem. It involves all degrees of decreased renal function, progressively leads from damaged–at risk through mild, moderate, and ultimately end-stage kidney failure. Most patients are asymptomatic until the disease has significantly progressed, they remain unaware of the condition. Thus, it is essential to have clinical guidelines, aimed at early detection, evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment for slowing down the progression of this condition. CKD is more common in the elderly population. Whereas in younger patients with CKD typically experience progressive loss of renal function, about 30% of patients over the age of 65 years with CKD have stable disease [1]. CKD is recognized for its association with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Major cause for chronic kidney disease may be by diabetes, high blood pressure and other disorders. Early detection and treatment can often useful to keep chronic kidney disease from getting worse. When kidney disease progresses, it may eventually lead to end-stage renal disease (ESRD), which requires dialysis or a kidney transplant to sustain life. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is classified according to the degree of kidney damage – measured by the level of proteinuria – and the decline in glomerular filtration rate. The most severe form is end-stage renal disease. CKD define as either presence of kidney damage or a decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) which is less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 for at least 3 months. Whatever the underlying cause, once the loss of nephrons occurs and reduction of functional renal mass reaches to a certain point, the remaining nephrons begin a process of irreversible sclerosis which leads to a progressive decline in the GFR [2].


A combination of anion photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations has elucidated the geometric and electronic structure of gas-phase endohedral Pt/Pb cage cluster anions. The anions, and were prepared from "preassembled" clusters generated from crystalline samples of [K(2,2,2-crypt)]2[Pt @ Pb12] that were brought into the gas phase using a unique infrared desorption/photoemission anion source. The use of crystalline [K(2,2,2-crypt)]2[Pt @ Pb12] also provided access to K[Pt @ Pbn]- anions in the gas phase (i.e., the K+ salts of the anions). Anion photoelectron spectra of , , and K[Pt @ Pb12]1- are presented. Extensive density functional theory calculations on and provided candidate structures and anion photoelectron spectra for and . Together, the calculated and measured photoelectron spectra show that and endohedral complexes maintain their respective D4d and slightly distorted Ih symmetries in the gas phase even for the charge states with open shell character. Aside from the fullerenes, the endohedral complex is the only bare cluster that has been structurally characterized in the solid state, solution, and the gas phase.


The idea of social capital contains two opposite terms: (private) capital and (public) society. This duality is condemned to remain unsolved in the modern society. In fact, modernity uses knowledge as a productive force, and knowledge needs both these two sides: cognitive property (private rents and investments), on one hand; and social sharing (open access, cognitive reserves), on the other. Hence, social capital is a necessary feature of modern economy. We have utilized social capital in the last 30 year to overcome the crisis of fordist production. Small firms and industrial districts, in Italy, made a deep use of the social capital produced by history and tradition, and embedded in local systems. But today we are facing another problem: how to produce the new social capital that is needed for a post-fordist social organization of production. We are looking for a new form of modernity, suitable for a more complex world. And the social capital, that is to be produced in the future, ought to be designed to fit this more complex economy and society.


Modified CaO has been prepared and investigated in transesterification of rapeseed oil with methanol to determine its viability as a basic catalyst for use in biodiesel synthesis. It has been found that the fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) yield is greatly enhanced from 66.2 to 96.5% over modified CaO with methanol/oil ratio of 15:1 at 65°C after 4 h. Furthermore, the good catalytic activity, 83.8% yield of FAME, remains even in the 2% water-contained condition over modified CaO. The catalyst has been characterized by Brunaure-Emett-Teller (BET), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR).


the purpose of this study was to examine the effect of type of communication (online or face-toface) on self-disclosure. a group of 58 college students engaged in a conversation either face-to-face or using an instantmessaging system. those who conversed online reported a significantly higher amount of personal and perceived partner self-disclosure as measured by an adapted version of the Revised self-Disclosure scale (Wheeless, 1978) than those who conversed face-to-face. implications regarding online communication and its impact on counseling, educational, and personal relationships are discussed. online veRsus face-to-face coMMunication 2 The abstract is a single block paragraph. Length limits vary for different journals. Information from Method (participants and design). Information from Introduction (purpose). In the Abstract, all numbers are expressed as numerals. Do not begin a sentence with a number in the Abstract. Elsewhere in the manuscript, any number greater than or equal to 10 is also expressed as a numeral (unless it begins a sentence). However, numbers less than 10, with some exceptions, are expressed in words. Citations in the Abstract do not "count" as the first citation within the text of the manuscript. Information from Results that includes specific measure used. Information about Discussion. tell Me More: online versus face-to-face communication and


This essay has studied the extent to which research on language learning strategies has influenced four Swedish syllabi for the English subject in compulsory school year 7-9. The study has made use ...


OBJECTIVE
Dementia is a progressive, degenerative brain disease characterized by an increasing loss of memory and other cognitive functions. Early diagnosis and intervention is important to enhance quality of life, as well as prevent costly nursing home admissions. Pharmacists can be used to assist in the selection and management of medications.

SETTING
In the state of Florida, Memory Disorder Clinics are one approach to assist in the diagnostic process not only of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but also other causes of dementia. These clinics also provide community resources for caregivers and families.

PRACTICE DESCRIPTION
The clinics provide services such as memory screenings, caregiver education, workshops for health professionals, and training for students in the allied health professions.

PRACTICE INNOVATION
The clinic at Tallahassee Memorial Hospital utilizes clinical pharmacists to provide medication evaluations and education as a part of their services.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS
The pharmacists' involvement has allowed an opportunity for interdisciplinary collaboration on the management and education of AD, other dementias, and the associated behavioral, psychiatric, and medical disorders.

RESULTS
In the first six years of the clinic's existence, 408 evaluations were performed, with recommendations concerning medications. Almost 2,000 individuals have received medication evaluations through screenings.

CONCLUSIONS
Pharmacists have valuable skills to assist in the management of diagnosis and management of dementia.


MIII(WVIO2)2 (P2O7)(PO4) (M: Sc, V, Cr, Fe, Mo, Ru, Rh, In, Ir) are obtained via vapor phase moderated solid state reactions of P4O10, WVOPO4, β-VOPO4, and trivalent transition metal phosphates using PtCl2 as mineralizer and Cl2 source (evacuated silica tubes, 1.


A detailed theoretical and experimental study of techniques necessary for quantum-enhanced laserinterferometric gravitational wave (GW) detectors was carried out. The basic theory of GWs and laser-interferometric GW detectors, quantum noise in GW detectors, the theory of squeezed states including generation, degradation, detection, and control of squeezed states using sub-threshold optical parametric oscillators (OPOs) and homodyne detectors, experimental characterization of these techniques (using periodically poled KTiOPO4 in an OPO at 1064 nm for the first time), key requirements for quantum-enhanced GW detectors, and the propagation of a squeezed state in a complex interferometer and its interaction with the interferometer field were studied. Finally, the experimental demonstration of quantum-enhancement in a prototype GW detector was performed. By injecting a squeezed vacuum field of 9.3 dB (inferred) or 7.4 ± 0.1 dB (measured) at frequencies above 3 kHz and a cutoff frequency for squeezing at 700 Hz into the antisymmetric port of the prototype GW detector in a signal-recycled Michelson interferometer configuration, the shot noise floor of the detector was reduced broadband from 7.0× 10−17 m/ √ Hz to 5.0× 10−17 m/ √ Hz while the strength of a simulated GW signal was retained, resulting in a 40% increase in signal-to-noise ratio or detector sensitivity, which is equivalent to a factor of 1.43 = 2.7 increase in GW detection rate for isotropically distributed GW sources that are confined to the frequency band in which squeezing was effective. This is the first implementation of quantum-enhancement in a prototype GW detector with suspended optics and readout and control schemes similar to those used in LIGO and Advanced LIGO. It is, therefore, a critical step toward implementation of quantum-enhancement in long baseline GW detectors. Thesis Supervisor: Nergis Mavalvala Title: Associate Professor of Physics Acknowledgments This thesis has been supported by a number of people. First of all, I would like to thank my supervisor Nergis Mavalvala for her incredible support. Without a doubt, the 40m squeezing project would not have been made possible without her constant support. Her leadership, intellectual talent and curiosity, and unlimited efforts about education for her students including myself have greatly influenced and inspired me. I admire these aspects of hers and have learned many things from them. It is not an overstatement that she is one of the greatest mentors at MIT. I am sure her other students agree on this. I have had the biggest fortune to work with many talented and inspiring people. First, I must mention the name of the greatest Russian, Eugeniy E. Mikhailov at the College of William & Mary. His superb technical skills and expertise about building experimental apparatus impressed me greatly during his three years at MIT. The 40m squeezing experiment could not have been realized without the squeezing-related techniques we acquired at MIT. His friendship has been invaluable. I have to say that I very much enjoyed dining at good restaurants in and near Pasadena almost every night while he visited Caltech. Osamu Miyakawa at Caltech has been an incredible supporter as well. Although they were tough, I enjoyed midnight squeezing experiments with him. He is very good at explaining things and making difficult concepts easy to understand, which helped me a lot with understanding the 40m interferometer. Among few Japanese people in LIGO, he is a unique scientist with talent in many aspects and it was the most fun to work with him. Without a doubt, he is a Japanese role model. I would like to thank my research collaborators. First, I am grateful to Shailendhar Saraf at Rochester Institute of Technology for helping me with building important circuits for the squeezing experiment such as the quantum noise-locking servo with higher stability. I also thank my Australian collaborators, Kirk McKenzie, Warwick Bowen (currently at University of Otago), Ping Koy Lam, David McClelland, and Malcolm Gray at Australian National University. Squeezing started in the LIGO Quantum Measurement Group thanks to these people who told me how to squeeze during my four-week visit at the university. I would also like to thank the Caltech 40m team, Bob Taylor and Steve Vass, for clean room work and 40m maintenance, and in particular, Alan Weinstein for his patient support for the 40m squeezing project. His good nature has maintained the 40m lab healthy and humorous. I also thank my colleagues in the Quantum Measurement Group at MIT, Thomas Corbitt, Christopher Wipf, David Ottaway, and Edith Innerhofer. I am grateful to Chris for helping me with low-noise photodetector development for the 40m squeezing project, Dave for supervising me on the wavefront sensor experiment and squeezing work at MIT, and Thomas for stimulating discussion about squeezing. I remember my old days when Thomas, Chris, and I had to go through the painful General Exams at MIT. I would also like to send my gratitude to other LIGO staff members at MIT, Keith Bayer for his support about computer software and hardware and Ken Mason, for purchasing machined parts. The squeezing project was based on their help. One of the greatest assistants is LIGO's secretary, Marie Woods. Her secretary work is more than excellent in that she does things on time without a mistake. This was extremely important to do long distance work between MIT and Caltech for the past two years. I am thankful to David Shoemaker and Scott A. Hughes for their support as thesis committee members. Their constructive criticism assisted me with writing my thesis better. I would also like to thank my collaborators on the research outside of the 40m squeezing project. Kentaro Somiya at Albert Einstein Institute and Yanbei Chen at Caltech are impressive people and also fun to work with on displacement-noise-free interferometers. I am also grateful for Kentaro's help on understanding squeezing in the two-photon picture. I also thank my personal research collaborators in the MIT Spectroscopy Lab, Gabriel Popescu (currently at University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign), Ramachandra R. Dasari, and Michael Feld, and Takahiro Ikeda (currently at Hamamatsu Photonics). I would like to send my special thanks to Takahiro for showing me the interesting labs and factory of Hamamatsu Photonics and introducing me to the president of the company, Teruo Hiruma. I personally admire Hamamatsu's products since their quality is extremely important for basic science research. I am also thankful for another personal research collaborator, Eriko Watanabe, in Kodate Lab at Japan Women's University. Her strong motivation has always stimulated me. Seiji Kawamura at National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ) kindly gave me many seminar opportunities at NAOJ. Outside work hours, there have been numerous people who have helped me. I would like to thank (in alphabetical order) Akira Okutomi (Nikon), Alexander Patrikalakis (Computer Science, MIT), Arisa Watanabe, Ayako Komuro, Gautam Kene (Law, Columbia University), Haruka Tanji (Physics, Harvard University), Hiromi Sato, Kanako Ueno (Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo), Kanna Watanabe (Massachusetts General Hospital), Kenji Taira (Olympus Corporation), Kenya Suzuki (NTT Photonics Laboratory), Magnus Hsu (Quantum Optics, Australian National University), Masaru Tsuchiya (Applied Physics, Harvard University), Misayo Matsumoto (Coach), Nami Yokofuke, Naoko Kurahashi (Physics, Stanford University), Noriko Shimodaira (XL Soft Corporation), Noriko Yogo (Sun International Group), Paula Popescu (Physics, Harvard University), Rhea M. Dah-Nomoto (Medical, University of Southern California), Saori Kato, Saori Kitagawa, Tatsuya Takahashi (Silicon Library Inc.), Tomoko Tada (Neuroscience, MIT), Yasunori Chiaya (Gehry Partners), Yasushi Takamatsu (Mitsui Chemicals), Yui Ikeshima (L.A. Walker), Yuka Oshimi (L.A. Shokutsu Club), and my parents Emiko Goda and Masao Goda. I would like to cherish my memory with my MIT colleagues who have spent a few to several years at MIT as graduate students with me: Fuwan Gan (Research Lab. of Electronics, MIT), Bo Bai (Goldman Sacks), Ryan Rygg (Plasma Fusion Center, MIT), Yoshiaki Kuwata (Aeronautics and Astronautics, MIT), Shinya Kurebayashi (Goldman Sacks), and Fumiaki Toyama (Advanced Micro Devices). I am sure they will be successful anywhere they are. In addition, I have enjoyed 5 years of soccer life at MIT with dozens of teammates. Finally, I thank SPIE, Optical Society of America (OSA), and New Focus Inc. for awards and scholarships. Their financial support helped me with attending conferences and meeting people for discussion. SPIE and OSA also helped me establish SPIE and OSA student chapters at MIT to encourage optics research on campus. I acknowledge National Science Foundation's long-term financial support for the squeezing research. This work has been supported by the National Science Foundation Grant Nos. PHY-0107417 and PHY-0300345. Keisuke Goda August 8, 2007


We present a method for measuring water content in a sample using CW terahertz reflectometry. A Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) is used to irradiate a 300 GHz band terahertz wave to a wet sample, and the complex reflection coefficient is measured. The temporal change of the water content is thus observed by analyzing the change of the complex reflection coefficient. By fitting the measurement result with a multi-reflection model, we experimentally confirmed the observation of the moisture change on a paper sample.


It is shown that with gain and index profiles of typical x-ray laser experiments the x-ray beam is guided by the gain profile rather than defocussed by the refractive index distribution. An arbitrary beam generated within the medium or injected into the medium is quickly transformed into a 'matching' beam, propagating without change. The effective gain of the matching beam is somewhat, lower than the gain at the maximum of the gain distribution.
 If the gain distribution exhibits a small curvature in direction of beam propagation the effective gain is dramatically reduced.


Background Cationic antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) is one group of small peptides which is retained in the long-term evolutionary process.On the one hand,AMPs mediate the innate and adaptive immune responses of sepsis,play important roles in defending the body against invading microorganisms and repairing damaged tissue; on the other hand,in response to infection or tissue injury,AMPs as endogenous danger-associated molecular patterns released into the local tissue and circulating,cause disorders of the internal environment and development of sepsis.Objective Re-understanding of the role AMPs in the immune response in sepsis.Content Systematically illustrate that AMPs are double-edged swords in modulation of the innate and adaptive immune response of sepsis.And focus on the mechanisms of AMPs medicate the immune injury of sepsis in recent years.Trend To provide scientific basis for further clarify the AMPs in the pathogenesis and mechanisms of sepsis.

Key words:
Cationic antimicrobial peptides;  Endogenous danger molecules;  Immune injury;  Sepsis


The invention discloses an intelligent EPG (electronic program guide) system of an internet television, which comprises the internet television, a digital television set-top box and an internet television server. The internet television further consists of an internet television EPG module and a set-top box remote control module, the internet television EPG module is connected with the internet television server by an internet and used for receiving EPG information provided by the internet television server, and the set-top box remote control module can transmit remote control signals outwards and is used for remotely controlling the digital television set-top box. By the aid of the intelligent EPG system of the internet television, a personalized EPG menu can be customized for a user. The invention further provides the internet television in the EPG system.


There are many researches about e-mail spam filters. However, only a few look at the issue for SMS (Short Message Service) systems. This is a result of the difficulty in having access to SMS platforms of mobile operators. Furthermore, the volume of spam to SMS systems has increased year after year. The main objective of this study is to propose the implementation of a content filter for SMS systems based on the Bayesian classifier and word grouping. In order to evaluate the performance of this filter, 120,000 messages, sent from a content provider that services mobile operators, were tested. The results demonstrated that the proposed filter reached correct spam index detection close to 100%.


All companies wants' to be as profitable as possible. The company in question is one of the leaders in it´s field in Sweden. In order to increase profits as much as possible it is important to iden ...


The volatile constituents of fruits from two Nephelium and two Dimocarpus species were analysed by capillary GC and GC-MS following isolation by vacuum distillation. In total, 48, 39, 61 and 44 constituents were identified in rambutan (N. lappaceum L.), pulasan (N. ramboutan-ake (Labill.) Leenh.), longan (D. longan Lour.) and mata kucing (D. longan ssp. malesianus Leenh.), respectively. Among rambutan volatiles, aliphatic alcohols (49.0%), sesquiterpenoids (20.5%) and carbonyl compounds (19.5%) predominated, 2-methylbut-3-en-2-o] (21.9%) and β-caryophyllene (10.4%) constituting the major components. In contrast, pulasan fruit yielded mainly aliphatic hydrocarbons (70.2%), particularly pentadecane (61.4%), and aliphatic alcohols (19.4%). Esters (68.4%) and terpenoids (27.1%) were quantitatively the most significant among longan volatiles, and ethyl acetate (66.2%) and (E)-β-ocimene (26.7%) were clearly dominant. Mata kucing differs from longan in producing much lower levels of esters (0.5%) and terpenoids (4.7%) but significantly larger proportions of aliphatic alcohols (53.2%) and carbonyl compounds (34.7%).


Data analysis is the most important aspect of any business as it is critical to decision-making. Data quality assessment is a necessary function to be performed before data analysis, as the quality of data has high impact on the outcome of the analysis. Data quality is a multi-dimensional factor that affects the analysis in numerous ways. Among all the dimensions, accuracy is the most important and hardest dimension to assess. With the advent of big data, this problem becomes more complicated. There are only few studies that focus on data accuracy with minimal domain expert dependency. In this paper, we propose an extensive data accuracy assessment tool that uses machine learning to determine the accuracy of data. In addition, our model also addresses the intrinsic and contextual categories of data accuracy. Our model was developed on Apache Spark which serves as the big data environment for handling large datasets.


X-ray diffraction techniques have been used to study opacifying agents in 37 specimens of ancient glass. Of special interest is the identification of two antimony compounds in use from the 18th Dynasty in Egypt into the early Christian era. Tin oxide apparently did not come into use until considerably later. Some of the important opacifiers used in glasses in antiquity are: for red opaque, Cu and/or CuO; white opaque, Ca 2 Sb 2 O 7 ; yellow opaque, Pb 2 Sb 2 O 2 . In later periods: white opaque, SnO 2 , 3Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 .CaF 2 , and b 3 (As 3 O 4 ) 2 .PbO. In the nineteenth century CaF and/or NaF came into use.


A label-free impedimetric DNA biosensor based on graphene nanosheets has been developed for the detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 strain GZ-021210. Probe DNA (pDNA) of E. coli was immobilized onto graphene nanosheets by the surface functionalization of graphene with 1-pyrenebutyric acid (PyBA) followed by carbodiimide linkage. The hybridization of complementary DNA (cDNA) of E. coli with the immobilized pDNA increased the electron transfer resistance of the graphene nanosheets, as observed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The E. coli DNA biosensor displayed a wide range of linear response (1.0 × 10−10 M to 1.0 × 10−14 M), low detection limit (0.7 × 10−15 M), single-base mismatch selectivity, high robustness and good reproducibility. The current work demonstrates an important advancement in the development of a sensitive biosensor for E. coli detection.


There is a battle brewing in Washington by men and women who wear white coats to work. It's a battle over the manner in which non-physicians, such as nurses and nurse practitioners, can market or promote their level of service and expertise, and it has resulted in legislation being introduced in the U. S. House of Representatives.


An experimental technique has been established for measuring the rise of a plume from a stack, the ground-level concentrations produced and the rates of deposition of dust emitted in the plume. It can be applied over distances where plumes from power stations are not normally visible. It can be used to give a result before weather and station conditions have changed appreciably and therefore produces information which can conveniently be compared with theoretical estimates.


Droplet-based microfluidics is an emerging interdisciplinary field with broad applications. Accurate control of droplet volumes allows to perform quantitative detection with high throughput. But there are still many issues with the precision and practicability of droplet generation when the device suffers from inevitable disturbances or pressure oscillations. When the droplets of certain sizes are further desired, the passive system cannot generate droplets accurately and uniformly with a significant deviation between the actual volume and target. In this work, we propose the usage of Quantitative Phase Imaging (QPI) technique for real-time detection of flowing droplets, which can provide a precise 3-D measurement of droplet volume as a feedback signal. Incorporated with a closed-loop feedback control scheme to constantly monitor the instantaneous volume error and regulate fluidic pressures to keep the droplet size towards the setpoint value. The PID feedback control can develop higher accuracy and monodispersity of on-demand droplet generation, together with enhanced stability to resist internal or external perturbations, which could promise a predictable outcome in complex conditions of practical microfluidics-based systems.


We consider the evolution equations for non-linear waves which differ by small terms from equations soluble by the inverse scattering method (Korteweg-de Vries equation, non-linear Schrtdnger equation, and so on). We formulate a perturbation theory scheme which is based upon the inverse scattering method. Using this scheme we give an analytical description of the evolution of a soliton, including the deformation of its shape and tail formation as the effect of the perturbation in first approximation. We show that the found solution satisfies the whole infinite set of polynomial conservation laws, modifled for the perturbation case.


Article Type Original Research Flatbreads have a small thickness and flat surface, unlike bulk bread, and there are only used in few countries such as Iran. Given the lack of research on this type of bread, the objective of this study was to numerically and experimentally investigate the porosity and surface brightness of flatbreads baked under different ascending step heat flux profiles. In order to investigate the effect of different heat flux profiles on the baking process of porous flatbread, the required bread was baked in a laboratory-scale device, and the equations of heat and mass transfer, porosity, and brightness were numerically modeled using the finite difference method in MATLAB. The results showed that there were suggestive of a good consistency between the experimental and numerical values. A total of 3 ascending step heat flux profiles with different time steps was experimentally and numerically investigated. The results also showed that the porosity of the bread baked under an ascending heat flux profile with 4 steps was more regular, and the average diameter and area of porosities obtained from the SEM imaging were higher in this profile compared to the other profiles. Moreover, based on the experimental and numerical results, the surface bright parameter (L*) was within the appropriate range for the bread baked under the ascending heat flux profile with 4 steps. Authors Afkar H,1 MSc, Kianifar A,1* PhD Zamani H,2 PhD How to cite this article Afkar H, Kianifar A, Zamani H. Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Effect of Ascending Step Heat Flux on Porosity and Brightness of baked Bread. Modares Mechanical Engineering. 2021; 21(6): 367-378.


In our study, it was aimed to determine the main indications requiring emergency surgical interventions in small intestines in daily practices of surgeons, and to analyze the data in parallel with the literature. 127 patients, who underwent emergency surgical intervention in our center due to small intestinal disease, were involved in this study. The data were obtained by retrospectively examining the files and computer records of the patients. Of the patients, demographical characteristics, diagnoses, performed emergency surgical interventions, and mortality parameters were recorded. The electively operated patients and those having no insulated small intestinal disease were excluded. The numeric variables are expressed as mean ±standard deviation.The mean age of patients was 50.3±19.2 years. The portion of females to males was 0.58. The most frequent emergency surgical intervention was the interventions that were performed due to small intestinal obstruction in 61 (48%) patients. The most frequent reason for small intestinal obstruction was found to be the lesions. Following the small intestinal obstruction, other most frequent reasons were small intestinal perforation in 28 (22%) patients, mesentery ischemia in 18 (14%) patients, malign neoplasia in 9 (7%) patients, chron disease in 8 (6%) patients, and benign neoplasms in 3 (2%) patients. The most frequently performed operations were adhesiolysis (bridectomy), small intestine resection and anastomose, and enterostomy, respectively. The total number of mortality was found to be 7 (5%). The cause of mortality was observed to be mesentery ischemia in 5 patients, followed by small intestinal perforation in 2 patients. The most frequently performed emergency surgical intervention is the operation performed due to small intestinal obstruction. The most frequent cause of obstructions was the postoperative adhesions. The most frequent cause of the small intestinal perforations was the perforations due to blunt and penetrant traumas. Lymphoma was found to be the most frequently seen small intestinal tumor. The acute mesentery ischemia was found to be the small intestinal disease with highest mortality rate. The most frequently performed operation was small intestinal resection and anastomosis.


The culture of the population of the Konda River basin in the early Neolithic is represented by the large stationary settlement of Mulymya 3. One or two rooms dwellings were studied here, in which flat-bottomed dishes, stone tools and food residues were found. The features of the Mulymya cultural type sites are also complemented by exploration sources with typologically similar ceramics and stone products. The sites of this cultural type make up 10 % of the number of the known Neolithic sites in the Konda River basin. The preliminary results of the study were based on the results of 2019. The excavation of the eastern part of the site was completed in 2020, and 14C dating was obtained at the same time. The article aims at fully describing the excavation materials: the typology of structures, ceramic complex and stone inventory, justification of the chronological position. Special attention is paid to the problem of the correlation of the definitions "Mulymya cultural type of sites" and "Satygino type of pottery". A comprehensive study of the materials suggests the presence of western and/or southern vectors of cultural contacts of the Konda population in the second half — end of the 7th millennium BC. The markers of these ties in the Late Mesolithic — Early Neolithic are probably the types of buildings (two-chamber semi-dugouts) and stone tools (retouched arrowheads on plates).