Novel and solvent-free routes for producing solid-state electrolyte membranes for lithium ion batteries containing Li[N(CF3SO2)2] (LiTFSI) and Arnitel® copolymers produced and provided by DSM are proposed and elaborated in this graduation project. Other lithium salts such as Li[B(C2O4)2] (LiBOB) and LiCl have also been tested, but more research has been focused on LiTFSI. Arnitel materials with variable proportions of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) have been used. The presented solvent-free methods of incorporating the lithium salt are intended as an alternative to the solvent route, that involves the use of hazardous HFiP, previously investigated in internal DSM research. The methods proposed in this work are based on two different concepts: one involves melting the polymer and mixing in the lithium salt (referred to as melt-mixing), while the other two techniques make use of water as a medium to carry and incorporate the salt in the polymer chains. This has been performed on Arnitel pellets (method named water soaking) and on thin films of the same material (referred to as thin film soaking). The water can then be removed by complete drying. Samples produced through melt-mixing and water soaking have then undergone hot pressing and thus thin (150-200µm) free-standing electrolytes have successfully been prepared. DSC and electrochemical analysis such as impedance measurements between room temperature and approximately 65°C, cyclic voltammetry and lithium plating experiments are presented. The samples prepared during this research proved to have room temperature conductivity as high as 10-5 S/cm. Electrochemical stability seems instead to be an issue in the lower voltage, but this is ascribed to the inherent behaviour between the lithium electrolyte and seems to be independent of the production method used. Such electrochemical results are aligned with the internal DSM data on samples produced via the solvent route: it is therefore possible to consider the proposed production routes as feasible alternatives for cheaper, safer and more environmentally friendly methods to produce Arnitel-based solid-state electrolytes for lithium ion batteries.


This paper aimed to evaluate the physical characteristics and environmental sanitation aspects for a drainage area inserted in the region of Morto river catchment, taken as experimental and representative of Jacarepagua Lowland Basin in Rio de Janeiro, where city´s growth is taking place very fast. It is expected that this study will support the development of public policies that may guide the conservation of water and sustainable development of the region. The methodology used for watershed delimitation and the physical characteristics calculation involved the application of small computational procedures associated to ArcGis 9.2, ArcHydro®. It was determined the area, the perimeter, the compactness index, shape factor, drainage density, average extension of runoff and catchment´s slope. The observed low slope along the river coast combined with the physical parameters of the basin, enabled to conclude that this catchment is susceptible to floods especially during concomitant events of high tide and heavy rain. The analysis of social and environmental sanitation aspects took into account IBGE`s 2000 Census results. It was observed that illiteracy rates for the catchment area was doubled of that observed for the city as whole and that services such as water supply, sewage and garbage collection are more precarious in the catchment area than in the neighborhood of Jacarepagua or the city of Rio de Janeiro. In relative terms, sewage collection was in the worst situation while the garbage collection services were in the best for the studied basin.


Data on the immunogenicity and efficacy of vaccines against COVID-19 in patients with chronic inflammatory diseases (CID) are uncertain and possibly lower than those observed in the general population, but the potential for severe COVID-19 in this population warrants their use.To determine the seroconversion rate and efficacy after the complete vaccination regimen against SARSCoV-2 in patients with CID on bDMARD treatment, as well as to evaluate the infection rate after vaccination and adherence to vaccination regimens.Single-center, prospective observational study of 114 patients with CID from the HURS of Córdoba, who have received full vaccination for SARS-CoV-2 in 2021 (without having previously suffered from COVID-19 disease) according to national guidelines with a 12-month follow-up after vaccination. All of them underwent two determinations of specific IgG antibodies against the trimeric spike protein of SARS-Cov2 (2021 and 2022). It has been established that an Ab titer of less than 260 BAU/ml can be considered indicative and indicative of a poor response to vaccination. Information was collected for each patient regarding IHD, type of bDMARD, vaccine administered, concomitant treatments, adverse effects, and infection after vaccination.114 patients were included (mean age 50 years, 67.5% women). 36% of the patients had RA, 12.3% SpA, 9.6% PSO, 28.9% IBD, and 13.2% other CID. 16.7% were receiving treatment with Rituximab, 36.8% anti-TNF, 9.6% Tocilizumab, 7% abatacept, 4.5% anti-JAK, and 6.1% other treatments. 19.3% only with synthetic Fame.Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and neutralizing activity were detected in 80% of study participants. Rituximab-treated patients showed significantly higher non-seroconversion (73.7% vs. 5.3%, p<0.001) (Figure 1) as well as a 58-fold higher risk of non-seroconversion compared to patients without bDMARDs (OR: 58.80 CI (8.86 - 120.4) p<0.001.Interestingly, we found that methotrexate alone also decreased seroconversion significantly (mean Ab titer reduction -654.6 (95%CI -1127.7 to -181.4, p=0.007). Furthermore, we observed a significant interaction between the type of biologic and the concomitant use of methotrexate, such that the reduction in the antibody titer is enhanced by the combination of methotrexate and anti-TNF, anti-IL 6, Rituximab, and other DMARDsb (Figure 2).18.9% presented mild adverse effects after the administration of the vaccine.17.5% presented covid-19 infection during the last year of follow-up, being more frequent in the group vaccinated with Astrazéneca, although without statistically significant differences. No patient experienced a disease flare. In relation to adherence to vaccination, slightly more than half (56.14%) have administered at least 4 doses.Our results show that mRNA vaccines against SARSCoV-2 produce seroconversion in the majority of patients with CID, except in the case of patients with rituximab. No serious adverse effects or ICD reactivation were found. Despite the small number of patients included, this study suggests the need for revaccination and the use of other vaccination strategies in the group of patients treated with rituximab and in the group of patients taking methotrexate. Efforts should be made to improve adherence to covid 19 vaccination in this group of patients.Figure 1.Shows how the use of rituximab is significantly associated with not developing antibodies.Figure 2.Represents the interaction between the biological drug and the use of methotrexate in relation to the level of Antibodies.NIL.NIL.None Declared.


Despite the increasing number of elder abuse (EA) cases, many EA victims are reluctant to engage with formal support services, such as Adult Protective Services (APS). For EA interventions to be effective, it is important to overcome this client reluctance. This study examined the use of motivational interviewing (MI) by elder advocates, as a component of a larger EA intervention model, RISE (Repair Harm, Inspire Change, Support Connection, Empower Choice), developed in partnership with Maine APS and the Elder Abuse Institute of Maine. The advocate role was developed, in part, to increase service acceptance/utilization among EA victims. Advocates are trained in MI, a collaborative, client-centered approach designed to help individuals explore and resolve ambivalence around making a change. This study conducted qualitative interviews and a focus group interview with all advocates (n = 4) working within the RISE model to understand how MI is applied in the context of an EA intervention. Three domains were identified: (1) therapeutic relationship, which describes the importance of foundational relationship building to support EA victims; (2) techniques, which refers to the MI strategies that advocates apply and adapt in the context of EA intervention; and (3) implementation challenges, which discusses the difficulties that advocates encounter when using MI with victims of EA. Overall, the experiences of advocates suggest MI is a beneficial and amenable approach to help EA victims navigate feelings of ambivalence and explore their motivation for change. This study represents the first in-depth exploration of MI in the context of EA intervention.


Transformer is an unvarying power equipment, which transfer electric power from generating station to load with increasing or decreasing for the value of voltage or current without any change in frequency. This is a serial experiment for the thermic state of high powered equipment that can outnumber the probability for the vandalism caused due to hot spot. Dependability of the energy system is the crucial heed in any current supply network and is accomplished by genuine performance of all the high powered equipment with the transformer. Adequate performance of the static devise are impaired with recurrent failure in insulation, so it needs a major thrive new resistant material with enhanced snug properties, so the recurrently used resistant element is the transformer insulating oil, which act as duplex intention of insulation and as well as coolant.so scrutinizations are engrossed towards burgeoning of the transformer oil with nano fillers using measurable aid which is COMSOL 5.6. COMSOL Multiphysics enables you to simulate electromagnetics, structural behaviour, acoustics, fluid flow, heat distribution, and chemical phenomena in one environment, following one workflow. Investigation is being carried out to analyse the surface temperature of transformer insulting oil (vegetable oil) with and without nano fillers for distribution in insulating oil with the nano filler for the recommended operation of transformer. The stimulation results have also been described below.


In the judgment concerning the Genocide Convention, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) holds that different tests could be applied in order to determine (i) the degree of a state's involvement in an armed conflict on another state's territory that is required for the conflict to be characterized as international and (ii) the degree of a state's involvement that is required for that state to be held responsible for a specific act that occurred in the course of the conflict. This article discusses this holding. In particular, it analyses whether by excluding attribution to the then Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY) of the acts of genocide committed by the Bosnian Serb Army (VRS), the ICJ has precluded the possibility of considering the 1992-1995 conflict in Bosnia and Herzegovina as an international armed conflict.


7 INTRODUCTION ....................... 7 Location ........................ 7 Geologic Setting ..................... S Previous Work ...................... S Method ......................... S Acknowledgments .................... 8 Physiography ...................... 10 STRATIGRAPHY ........................ 1


The ambulance with the exhausting air cleaner, which is used for transporting infectious patient, is briefly stated in terms of its overall structure and function design. The infectious aerosol flow pattern and distribution in the ambulance's compartment are simulated by a two-phase flow model, and tested by carbon dioxide which is used as a substituted aerosol contamination source. The result indicates that the position and sealing of the gaps between the windows and between the doors are the main factors to determine the character of the aerosol flow. The concentration distribution of carbon dioxide is rational, which is helpful to exhaust the aerosol contaminants through the exhausting air cleaner and to suppress the diffusion of the contaminants in the front and back parts of the compartment.


ABSTRACT
Social media is a digital platform that enables its users to interact with each other by communicating and exchanging written, visual and audio information. This is because social media is a program that depends on the internet. The purpose of this research was to find out the utilization of Instagram BuddyKu social media as a means of up-to-date information. This study uses New Media theory where researchers use this theory as a measuring tool or support in this study because social media is present as this new media. This type of research uses descriptive qualitative methods with interviews and observations. The results of this study indicate that to seek information, BuddyKu makes several media portals a reference material for publishing on BuddyKu's Instagram social media. BuddyKu itself collects related information in all fields. BuddyKu also analyzes what news is trending on social media. BuddyKu processes content with an attractive design and simple headlines. BuddyKu focuses on the core of the discussion and there are illustrations so that the content is easier for the audience to understand.


The paper analyzes the current situation and disadvantages,based on the characteristic and goals of practice teaching of network major in higher vocational colleges.And put forward to five aspects of teaching practice reforms of network major: updating educational concept;intensifying teams;reforming teaching method;introducing advanced technology and equipment;establishing reasonable practice system.The reforms aspects will make student become subject of practice teaching and find problem in practice teaching,which will devel-op the practical ability of student and improve the quality of teaching in higher vocational colleges.


This paper presents an automated environment configuration testing strategy developed as part of an action research project to deal with issues of staging environment instability in a large organization. We demonstrate how a suite of automated environment configuration tests provided an unobtrusive way to verify the hospitability of staging environments, decreased the time wasted on manual troubleshooting of environmental issues, and consolidated software configuration management information. The test strategy was also greatly welcomed by upper-level management and is now being expanded to other parts of the organization.


Polytene giant chromosomes of the Phlebotomine sandfly Lutzomyia longipalpis from two localities in Brazil were examined. They are preliminarily described and illustrated from larval salivary gland preparations. Polytenes in other tissues of larvae, pupae and adult flies were found to be unsuitable for detailed study. Salivary chromosome arms were long but thin ('oligotene') and given to much ectopic pairing. Despite their fragility and cross-linkage, patterning on these chromosomes was sufficiently well differentiated to be cytotaxonomically useful. The normal mitotic complement comprised 3 pairs of metacentrics and 1 pair of subacrocentrics. None of the chromosome pairs was sexually dimorphic. Meiotic chiasmata were seen in males and females. Characteristics of giant chromosomes in Phlebotominae and Psychodinae are compared and discussed in relation to other Diptera. Cytogenetic evidence supports inclusion of the Psychodidae with the Simuliidae, Ceratopogonidae, Culicidae and Chironomidae in the superfamily Culicoidea.


【This study focuses on the discovering problems which have been encountered while the farm company grew from one-man business to big company. We divide a growth process of farm company into 7 phases, and analyze the problems of each phase of growth process of farm company by theoretically and empirically. The logical model methodology is selected to test the basic model, and we use 6 cases to test suggested basic model. The results of this study are as follows. It suggests that the CEO of farm enterprise or its policy maker can understand what kinds of problem they meet while the farm enterprise grew from one-man business to big company, and they can make better strategies or better support policies.】


Evolutionary thinking suggests that past knowledge accumulation influences future growth opportunities. Old industrial regions' inherited knowledge is often described as obsolete. Particularly, blue-collar workers' difficulties in redeploying skills have been stressed. This study examines whether the emerging offshore wind-energy industry in Bremerhaven, Germany, can draw on skills from local declining shipyards. Beyond Germany, this new industry has inspired policy-makers to hope for the renewal of shipbuilding centres. Insights from interviews reveal that the blue-collar skill bases of both industries overlap. Declining shipyards provided much-needed experience and skills to the nascent industry. This contribution underscores the fruitfulness of the perspective of related variety with respect to the development of old industrial regions. An overly sharp distinction between 'old' and 'new' knowledge may obstruct our view of potential growth opportunities.


Department of History at Lund University, Sweden. While co-written, the introduction, sections on the , Ober Ost and the conclusions are written primarily by Per Anders Rudling. The sections on the ideology, politics and internal divisions of Belarusian nationalism and the politics of the BNR are written primarily by Dorota Michaluk. 1 According to the census of 1897, 70 per cent of the children above the age of 10 were illiterate in the


This paper examines the current political issues relating to global warming and highlights the continuing political struggle over this issue.The crisis of global warming assumes the most alarming proportions for countries like India where a major portion of the world's poor population resides and which will be hardest hit by the effects of global warming. Events have shown that in most countries the response to global warming is, more a matter of international diplomacy and national politics than of scientific facts and theories. In today's world while the technological options to climate change action seem clear, the politics which surrounds the international agreements about global warming is getting even more complicated. What is most important is that in the coming decade, as economic growth shifts to the developing world so will future carbon emissions. Consequently countries like China, India and Indonesia will determine whether the


As American women entered the medical profession for the first time, the literature of the late nineteenth century America reflects the debates surrounding women professionals. I will focus on three novels written during this controversial and interesting time. William Dean Howells's Dr. Breen 's Practice (1881) and Elizabeth Stuart Phelps's Dr. Zay (1882) deal with similar subjects, both novels portraying a female doctor and her struggle to decide between marriage and a career. Published in 1884, Sarah Orne Jewett' s A Country Doctor was the third novel seen in three years with a female doctor as the main character. The focus of this project will be to investigate the historical framework surrounding these novels in greater depth than has been done in the past. Many critics either largely ignore the historical context, or they only touch on it superficially. It is important to revisit the ongoing debates of the time concerning women professionals to determine how gender ideology is both subverted and supported in these texts. That is, the debate over woman's role in society is the rhetorical/historical exigency out of which these novels are produced. It is therefore important to read these novels closely and to locate the origin of the discussions that take place within the novels about the professionalization of women in order to understand how each novel is a representation of the limitations placed upon women who wanted something other than a family.


Four Brothers Store Pekanbaru is one of the shops engaged in the distribution of rice. The distribution of rice must be allocated in such a way because there are differences in transportation costs from one source to different destinations. The transportation model is the distribution of an item from a source (supply) to a destination (demand) aiming to optimize the number of shipments to the destination in one shipment, so as to reduce costs as low as possible. The method used in this study is the Best Candidate Method. The Best Candidate Method is a method to find a feasible solution for the minimum initial cost of transportation by comparing the total cost between one combination and another. Next, the optimal solution will be determined using the MODI method. The purpose of this study is to obtain a feasible solution for the minimum initial cost of distributing rice sales at the Empat Saudara Store using the Best Candidate Method. Based on the results of the research on the distribution of rice at the Empat Saudara Store Pekanbaru using the Best Candidate Method, the solution was not optimal at a cost of Rp. 996,566 after checking using the MODI method resulted in an optimal solution of Rp. 976,665.


in English) Nikooie AR and Torkamani J. Application of factorial analysis of variance method in studying motor type, irrigation method, and farm size effects on irrigation costs: a case study on ينواعت شقن يسررب ياقترا رد يزرواشك يديلوت ياه .... 240 wheat in Shiraz city. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 2001; 32(1) 131-146. (in Persian, abstract in English) Oustapassidis K. Economies of scale in agricultural marketing cooperatives: the case of the Greek Unions. Journal of Rural Cooperation 1992: 20(2): 127-138. Paudyal DP. Deedar: A success story in cooperative village development. Community Development Journal 1992: 27(3): 274-284. Pezeshki-Raad Gh and Kianmehr H. Role of rural production cooperatives in improving the technical and economic status of wheat farmers in Sabzevar. Eqtesad-e Keshavarzi va Towse'e 2001; 34: 343-362. (in Persian, abstract in English) Rouhani S. Productivity calculation of input factors in cooperation of rural production in Hamedan province. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 2000; 31(2): 261-267. (in Persian, abstract in English) Saaiehmiri A, Taghavi M and Saiehmiri K. Calculating and comparing productivity among cooperative and private producers (case study: Ilam province). Pajouheshname-e Eghtesadi 2008; 31: 241-263. (in Persian, abstract in English) Sadi HA. Evaluating agricultural production cooperatives of iran: a case study in Kaboudarahang county of Hamedan province. Roosta Va Towse' E 2007; 10(2): 137-163. (in Persian, abstract in English) Shahroudi AA, Ahmadi Firouzjaei A and Chizari M. Factors influencing the yield and quality of saffron production: a case study in Torbat-heydarieh township. Iranian Agricultural Extension and Education Journal 2007; 3(1):143-158. (in Persian, abstract in English) Shahroudi AA, Chizari M, Pezeshkirad GhR. The influence of water users' cooperative on farmers' attitudes toward agricultural water management: a case study in KhorasanRazavi province, Iran. Journal of Economics and Agriculture Development 2009; 22(2):71-85. (in Persian, abstract in English) دنقردنغچ هلجم / دلج 27 / هرامش 2 / 1390 241 Shojakhani M. Problems and prospects of cooperative movement in rural India. In Co-operative movement in India. New Dehli, India: Renaissance Publishing House 1994. Sidhu JS and Sidhu RS. Case studies of successful and unsuccessful primary cooperative service society and milk producers' co-operative society in Punjab. Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics 1990; 45(3): 367-373. Stiglitz JE. Cooperative credit in agriculture the Israeli experience. In: The economics theory, practice and policy. Y. Kislev, Z. Lerman, P. Zusman, K. Hoff and A. Braverman (Eds.), 214 227. Oxford University Press 1993. Taherkhani M and Heidari Sareban V. The role of production's cooperative in rural development (case study: Meshkin shahr city). Geographic Research 2004; 49: 113-124. (in Persian, abstract in English)


In most states and in nearly every urban area, Incident Management (IM) programs have been developed. Due to a variety of impacts such as political pressure, budget restraints, institutional resistance, and lack of a clear mandate, these programs have a wide range of styles and success rates. Incident Management training programs have been developed and some states have very good parts of an overall program, but not one state has all of the parts. It was found that good equipment, motivated personnel, good procedures, appropriate laws, and good leadership, but not all in the same state and the same time. This paper is a summary of the Executive Overview that was developed for Legislators, Directors of transportation agencies, Chiefs of Police, Chiefs of Fire Departments, and owners of towing business who are key to the success of IM programs. Without their understanding and support, programs will not reach their full potential.


Objective To campare the expression of prostate stem cell antigen(PSCA) with that of prostate special antigen(PSA) in different prostatic tissues and the prostate adenocarcinoma tissues at different Gleason value levels.Methods Fifty-one cases of prostate adenocarcinoma,16 of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasms and 18 of benign prostatic hyperplasia were examined and analyzed by the SP immunohistochemical staining.Results There were significant differences of expressions of PSCA and PSA among prostate adenocarcinoma and prostate intraepifhelial and benign prostate hyerplasia(P0.05),however there was no difference between the expressions of the two antigens in prostate cancer tissues(P0.05).Conclusion It is possible for PSCA to become a new marker of the diagnosis of prostate adenocarcinoma in molecular pathology and a hot point of research.in the immunotheraphy of prostate adenocarcinoma.


As one of the guide teachers of Weifang Work Experience Program in GoerTek, the writer has found some factors influencing the stability of this program when witnessing the growth of students. To ensure the smooth implementation of this program, this article analyzes the factors which influence the stability of this program from students, school, familiy and company, and put sup the relative solutions.


Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome is an impairment of lymphocyte apoptosis expressed by generalized non-malignant lymphoproliferation, lymphadenopathy and/or splenomegaly. We report the case of a 7-year-old male patient presentingwith relapsing generalized lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, bicytopenia (autoimmune hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia), and lymphocytosis. Immunological investigations concluded to defective in vitro tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 (Fas)-mediated apoptosis and T cells that express the alpha/beta T-cell receptor and lack of both CD4 and CD8(so-called α/β-DNT cells), and expansion of an unusual population of α/βCD3+CD4-CD8- (double-negative T cells>1%). Treatment consisted ofcorticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulin, and cyclosporine, with favorable outcome.


All the manifestos for a 'total work of art' after Wagner were political programmes: political, however, in a sense directly antithetical to the modern idea of the political. The goal of the total work of art was the formation of the people as a homogeneous political body, as the other of the social and political division, conflict and uncertainty inherent in the whole movement of democratic revolution since the 18th century. In each case the union or synthesis of the arts prefigures the reconciliation of the classes as the condition of the unity of the people. But who is this people that will realize itself in the total work? Is it the same people for the artists of the Bauhaus as it is for the leaders of the Third Reich? These are the questions I try to answer through an interrogation of the continuities and breaks in the re-workings of the Wagnerian concept of the Gesamtkunstwerk in the programmes of the Bauhaus and the policies of National Socialism.


A mite believed to be Dicrocheles scedastes, previously known from the Old World only, was collected in Massachusetts from 13 feral noctuids of various species, and reared on 23 noctuids that were experimentally infaunated. In two instances the mites were synhospitalic with D. phalaenodectes. Both ears of the hosts were invaded, and the path of approach to the ears appeared to be subalar rather than dorsal as in phalaenodectes. The countertympanic septum was usually perforated, but the tympanic membranes and acoustic sensilla often escaped destruction, so that the moths retained acoustic sensitivity. Earlier records of Dicrocheles are in part revised, and a new species, D. hippeoides, is described from a unilateral colony in a plusiine noctuid from Louisiana.


X-ray transients (XTs) provide some of the strongest evidence for the existence of stellar mass black holes (BHs). In these systems, X-ray outbursts occur over timescales of weeks to months and are followed by years of quiescence when the optical light from the system is dominated by the companion star. Successful programs for determining the orbit of the companion star, and thus the orbital parameters of the binary – including the mass of the compact object – have been carried out for the last three decades. These mass measurements have been used to explore the distribution of the stellar BH masses, which has important implications for the population and evolution of massive stars, the energetics and dynamics of supernova explosions, and the critical mass dividing neutron stars and black holes. However, both the small number of BH candidates and the systematic uncertainties in the determination of their masses, prevent us from extracting completely compelling statistical conclusions. In this paper we review the recent attempts to improve our understanding of the mass spectrum of collapsed stars, i.e., to measure their masses more accurately and to enlarge the sample of known quiescent black holes.


The titles in the table of contents from this journal are: Wartime Laboratory; High-flux Years; Accelerating Projects; Olympian Feats; Balancing Act; Responding to Social Needs; Energy Technologies; Diversity and Sharing; Global Outreach; Epilogue


A 50‐year‐old woman with stage IV lung adenocarcinoma received seven cycles of pembrolizumab as third‐line chemotherapy. Following the failure of pembrolizumab, she commenced fourth‐line chemotherapy of docetaxel and ramucirumab. The patient complained of epigastric pain and a computed tomography (CT) scan revealed oedema‐like thickening of the gallbladder wall, dilation of the bile ducts from the common to the intrahepatic bile ducts, and thickening of the common bile duct wall without any visible obstructions. Accumulation of fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) in the gallbladder wall and bile duct was also detected with positron emission tomography (PET)‐CT. A biopsy of the extrahepatic bile duct showed non‐specific inflammation. Antibiotic treatment was not effective and pathogens were not detected. The patient was diagnosed with secondary sclerosing cholangitis (SSC) by pembrolizumab. She received 80 mg/day of prednisolone (PSL); however, SSC recurred with tapering of PSL. SSC then improved with steroid pulse therapy and subsequently 50 mg/day azathioprine and 80 mg/day PSL.


We show that a simple two dimensional model of spin crossover materials gives rise to spin-state smectic phases where the pattern of high-spin (HS) and low-spin (LS) metal centers spontaneously breaks rotational symmetry and translational symmetry in one direction only. The spin-state smectics are distinct thermodynamic phases and give rise to plateaus in the fraction of HS metal centers. Smectic order leads to lines of Bragg peaks in the x-ray and neutron scattering structure factors. We identify two smectic phases and show that both are ordered in one direction, but disordered in the other, and hence that their residual entropy scales with the linear dimension of the system. This is intermediate to spin-state ices (examples of 'spin-state liquids') where the residual entropy scales with the system volume, and antiferroeleastic ordered phases (examples of 'spin-state crystals') where the residual entropy is independent of the size of the system.


This report is an analysis of neurological and psychiatric manifestations observed in 27 patients suffering from verified adenoma of the islet cell apparatus of the pancreas. In addition relevant laboratory data, mainly those related to the glucose metabolism and in the last 11 patients also the EEG findings are discussed. The clinical data were arranged in four groups: (1) autonomic-visceral, (2)somatic-neurological, (3) "psychomotor" manifestations and (4) seizures and seizure fragments. These four groups of data are then discussed in terms of anatomic-physiological levels using concepts established by Himwich. Our findings differ in several important aspects from those found in therapeutic insulin shock. An attempt is made to understand the reasons for this divergence. Glucose tolerance curves in a majority of our cases are diabetic in pattern and often also in level. "Flat" curves are the exception in our experience. The EEG findings are those to be expected in patients whose cerebral metabolism is de...


The journals disseminating Feminist Research are communication channels needed for sharing, questioning, confrontation and consolidation of knowledge on women and on social gender relations, of theoretical underpinnings and of the political scope. Since the publication of the first issues of Feminist Studies (1972), of Women's Studies : An Interdisciplinary Journal (1972) and among others of the still current journal Signs (1975), the Association of College & Research Librairies listed, for 2008, about forty journals in the Women and Gender Studies section; these journals contributed to the continuity and transformations of Feminist Studies in the Americas. The issues addressed, the authors' background, for more than 40 years, contributed to establishing the credibility of feminist issues on scientific bases. These publications are obviously in English and are excluded from this list South American and Mexican journals, including the excellent Brazilian journal Revista Estudos Feminista (1992), publishing in Spanish and in Portuguese, and the Quebec and Francophone journal Recherches feministes (1987), that have to be added to reflect the diversity of themes and approaches and provide an overview of the evolution of the field in the Americas.


We report a case of a 20 years old female patient, who presented with the complaints of progressive quadriparesis which eventually led to quadriplegia. Her weakness started from the right side of the body and then to the left. Her MRI of the neck revealed an extradural lesion extending from the C2 up to C6 vertebral level. It had compressed the dural tube to the left. The lesion continued to the neck through the inervertebral foramen at C6. Her CT angiogram of the neck vessels showed an AVM arising from the right SCA and entering the Spinal canal at C6 level and draining into the right IJV at C2 level. She underwent surgery and the AVF was ligated at the origin. The AVM had collapsed. After 15 days following surgery, she had significant improvement of symptoms. After one and half months she could walk with support.
Bang. J Neurosurgery 2019; 9(1): 69-74


Objective To find out the relationship between ventricular twist and radial-displacement.To examine the effect of hypertension on twist-displacement loops.Methods Thirty-two patients with hypertension with normal geometric LV were included,24 normal patients were on control group.The mean value of LV rotation and radial displacement were obtained at each plane using STI.LV twist was defined as apical rotation relative to the base.To adjust the intersubject differences in heart rates,the time sequence were normalized.Results ①Peak LV twist was significantly higher in patients with hypertension than normals(P0.001),the diastolic untwisting mainly occurs in early diastole(≈40%).Compared with normals,the rate of LV untwisting in patients with hypertension significantly reduced(P0.001).② Twist-displacement loops could be constructed noninvasively.There was a liner relation between twist and displacement during systolic(r=0.97,P0.05),with its slope being significantly larger in hypertension group.During early diastole,a substantial degree of untwisting developed despite a relatively small reversal of systolic radial displacement,resulting in a much steeper twist-displacement relationship.Conclusion STI successfully provides twist-displacement loop,noninvasively.Hypertension affects the loop.The twist-displacement loop has a potential ability to evaluate the early change of heart function in patients with hypertension.


Process management is one of the important tasks performed by the operating system. The performance of the system depends on theCPU schedulingalgorithms. The main aim of the CPU scheduling algorithms is to minimize waiting time, turnaround time, response time and context switching and maximizing CPU utilization. First-Come-First-Served (FCFS) Round Robin (RR), Shortest Job First (SJF) and, Priority Scheduling are some popular CPU scheduling algorithms . In time shared systems, Round Robin CPU scheduling is the preferred choice. In Round Robin CPU scheduling,performance of the system depends on the choice of the optimal time quantum. This paper presents an improved Round Robin CPU scheduling algorithm coined enhancing CPU per formance using the features of Shortest Job First and Round Robin scheduling with varying time quantum. The proposed algorithm is experimentally proven better than conventional RR.The simulation results showthat the waiting time and turnaround time havebeen reduced in the proposed algorithm compared to traditional RR.


By analyzing several words in their pronunciations, forms and meanings, this paper reveals the evolution of the transliteral words in ancient Chinese. It holds that finding out the origin of the pronunciation is the key point in analyzing the evolution of such words and points out that the analysis of the evolution of transliteral ancient words must be identical. Key word:ancient Chinese; transliteral words; phonetics; evolution


............................................................................................................................. III ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ........................................................................................................IV LIST OF TABLES ...................................................................................................................VII ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ...............................................................................VIII CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................. 1 1.1 BACK GROUND OF THE STUDY ........................................................................................... 1 1.2. PROBLEM OF THE STATEMENT .......................................................................................... 2 1.3. OBJECTIVES ..................................................................................................................... 3 1.3.1General objective ....................................................................................................... 3 1.3.2. Specific objectives ................................................................................................... 3 1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY ............................................................................................ 3 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................................................... 4 2.1. HISTORY OF LAND DEGRADATION AND EXCLOSURE ......................................................... 4 2.2. POTENTIAL OF EXCLOSURE ............................................................................................... 6 2.2.1 Environmental potential of exclosure ....................................................................... 6 2.2.2 Socio-economic potential of exclosure ..................................................................... 9 CHAPTER 3: MATERIALS AND METHODS .................................................................... 10 3.1. DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREA ................................................................................. 10 3.2. SAMPLING TECHNIQUES AND EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN (LAYOUTING) .............................. 11 3.3. DATA MEASUREMENT AND COLLECTION ........................................................................ 13 3.4. DATA ANALYSIS ............................................................................................................. 15 CHAPTER 4: RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS ................................................................... 16 4.1. SPECIES DIVERSITY AND REGENERATION STRUCTURE COMPARISON BETWEEN T HE CLOSED AND NONCLOSED AREAS ....................................................................................... 16 4.2. COMPARISON OF BIOMASS, CARBON DIOXIDE SEQUESTRATION, AND CANOPY AREA COVERAGE POTENTIAL BETWEEN THE CLOSED AND NON CLOSED AREAS ............................. 19 4.3. ECONOMIC POTENTIALS COMPARISON OF THE CLOSED AND THE NON -CLOSED SITES ...... 21 4.4. ACTUAL SOCIO ECONOMIC CONTRIBUTION OF THE CLOSED AND NON-CLOSED AREAS TO LOCAL PEOPLE 23 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION .............................................. 30 5.1. CONCLUSION .................................................................................................................. 30 5.2. RECOMMENDATION ........................................................................................................ 30 REFERENCE ........................................................................................................................... 32 APPENDICES ......................................................................................................................... 36


This study aims to develop and test a tool for analyzing visual structures of day and night-scapes from an ecological approach. Gradient of texture, a concept based on Gibson's theory on visual perception, of urban day and night-scapes are compared by quantifying the roughness of textures in digital landscape images. Results show that roughness of texture decreases by distance in day-scapes while it increases in night-scapes, showing differences in visual structures between day and night.


In this paper using numerical simulations we demonstrate feasibility of near infrared oxygen imaging in tissue by phosphorescence lifetime in time-domain and show reconstructions of hypoxic phantoms in cylindrical model.


Abstract Parmelina quercina is a well-studied foliose macro-lichen found on rocks and trees in the Northern Hemisphere. Recent studies support multiple species within P. quercina based on material from Europe, North America and western Asia. The identities of Parmelina quercina s.lat. reported from eastern Asia and Alaska remain unknown. We compared DNA sequences, secondary chemistry and morphological traits of Parmelina from Alaska, Russia and China. These data support the resurrection of Parmelina yalungana to accommodate eastern Asian and Alaskan material. Parmelina yalungana differs from congeners in ascospore dimensions, geographic range and molecular data from three gene loci. We place P. yalungana in the phylogenetic context of the P. quercina group using DNA from Alaskan and Russian material.


Almost contractions form a class of generalized contractions that includes several contractive type mappings like usual contractions, Kannan mappings, Zamfirescu mappings etc. Since any usual contraction is continuous, while a Kannan mapping is not generally continuous but is continuous at the fixed point, the main aim of this paper is to study the continuity of both single and multi-valued almost contractions. The main results state that any almost contraction is continuous at its fixed point(s). This answers an open question raised in [Berinde, V., On the approximation of fixed points of weak contractive mappings Carpathian J. Math. 19 (2003), No. 1, 7-22].


In this paper, we calculate the gravitational acceleration by using simple pendulums within the designated World Pendulum Alliance: a network constituted by fourteen institutions in eight countries, each provided by a pendulum that can be accessed remotely via the Internet. As a pedagogical option for remote laboratory experiences, we show how to access them and measure the pendulum's period for $N$ oscillations. We discuss the role of the repetitions and samples to minimize the experimental uncertainty, and by using the averaged value of the period, we compute the gravitational acceleration locally. Also, we present the corrections due to the moment of inertia of the system. Finally, by taking into account the geographical location of each pendulum, we report gravity's dependence on latitude, longitude, and altitude by discussing the implications on the Earth's shape. We hope this tool will be helpful for introductory and university physics courses due to its remote access features and its relation to fundamental concepts.


Tokopedia, as one of the most popular Electronic Commerce portals, has increased people'sinterest in shopping online. Tokopedia has made the growth in the number of sellers and buyers on Tokopediaincrease. This number of sellers has an impact on the number of similar products sold by many differentsellers. Tokopedia creates difficulties for prospective buyers because they are confused about determining thebest seller when buying the desired security. Based on these problems, a system is designed to assist decisionmaking in choosing products from best sellers. The course will generate positive sentiment data on eachproduct at several different sellers. The method used to create this data is the Text Mining method. Thissentiment data is based on user reviews on the same product from several different sellers. Data is retrievedusing the Web Scraping method on the product detail page on the Tokopedia website. The data taken isinformation from a product that has been selected, including user reviews data in it. The data that has beenaccepted will go through the Text Preprocessing stages until finally, the information is ready for sentimentprocessing. The system will process data by classifying positive and negative sentiments from the user reviewdata. This classification process uses the Naive Bayes Classifier algorithm. The result of the system is thesentiment classification and value of positive sentiments on each user review on a product.


A modal analysis and experimental scheme for main truss of Space Solar Telescope is proposed according to the special demands of the supporting system for 1m Space Solar Telescope. The local modality of the main truss is analyzed by obtaining the inherent frequency and vibration model of the first several orders through calculation with MSC.NASTRAN software. Modal test is carried out by means of free hanging, single vibration excitation and multiple-vibration picking up. The model parameters are identified by CADA-X software. The test results verify the weak links included in the structure. The relative error for modal parameters obtained by calculation and experiments is within 7.9%. This shows the scheme for modal analysis and experiments feasible. The test error and the causes for creating faults are analyzed, thus providing a reliable basis for optical assembling and a satellite design.


A new interferometric mode crossing the differential SAR interferometry and the 3D multibaseline SAR tomography concepts, that can be termed 3D Doppler SAR tomography, has been recently proposed. Joint elevation-velocity resolution capability of multiple scatterers is theoretically achievable in a two-dimensional baseline-time spectral analysis framework, especially resorting to adaptive reduction of leakage from the sparse sampling. First experimental tests of potentials of this challenging concept are reported using ERS-1/2 data, including pre-processing steps specific for the spaceborne application.


The constitutive equations for debris flows that are presently generally used are arrived at by evaluating the interactions in the flow, the particle to particle displacements and collisions, and turbulence generating within the pore fluid. The other hand, although the beds of mountain rivers are covered with large particles as an armor coat, the existing constitutive equations do not take boundary conditions, such as riverbed roughness, into consideration. When we will discuss about the boundary conditions, we would evaluate the particle-particle and particle-fluid interactions in the closed area of the bed. Channel experiments under various conditions of riverbed roughness were conducted based on the above concept. To investigate the influence of riverbed roughness on debris flows, the coecient f 0 was defined by modifying the coecient of resistance, f, which is the ratio of the energy gradient to the friction loss. The modified resistance coecient f 0 takes the same value when sediment concentration is the same and there is no consideration about boundary condition of riverbed roughness. Experimental results indicate that f 0 increases as riverbed roughness increases with larger riverbed particle. Moreover, f 0 increases as the relative flow depth, which is the ratio of the flow depth, h, to roughness height, ks, becomes small and the sediment concentration, c, becomes dense. That is, the excess flow resistance appears due to large riverbed roughness. This suggests it is not adequate to estimate the debris flow behavior if you don't take the boundary conditions due to large riverbed roughness into account. In these experiments, bottom resistance was also measured using Shear force sensor. Experimental results confirmed that the bottom resistance increases as c thickens or ks becomes high. That is, the rate of each stress ingredient changes with the conditions of riverbed roughness. It is thought that the resistance force from the river bed measured by the shear force sensor should be in balance with the shear stress due to the collisions and frictions. To evaluate the above detailed influences of riverbed roughness, a two layer model was constructed with an "interface" introduced between the upper layer applied to the existing constitutive equations, and a riverbed roughness layer. The energy dissipation function in the riverbed roughness layer due to the particle-particle displacements and inelastic collisions, and turbulence generating within the pore fluid was formulated. In the formulating of the energy dissipating rate, we take the variation of the relative velocity and times of collisions in unit time of the particles collide with the riverbed roughness into account. The results of calculations using this model agree well with experimental data.


Thank you for the opportunity to respond to the letter submitted by Dr. Espanioli.

From Dr. Espanioli's letter, it seems we both hypothesize that chiropractors may be selling health related products in an effort to generate practice revenue. Similarly, we share the view that this practice may put chiropractors' roles as health professionals in direct conflict with their roles as merchants.

The websites included for review in the earlier audit were identified by searching public directory listings for "Chiropractors." Dr. Espanioli's commercial website was listed with his name and in conjunction with a chiropractic and massage clinic, and therefore was included in the audit.

Chiropharma© bills itself as "North America's biggest online shopping site for Health and Beauty Aids and sells a wide range of products which are related to greater and lesser degrees to the discipline of chiropractic. Although the site is not explicitly endorsed by a chiropractor, it does play on the chiropractic title and the chiropractic clinic associated with this practitioner is described as a sponsor of Chiropharma©.

The Canadian Chiropractic Association's Code of Ethics and Conduct, followed by the Alberta College and Association of Chiropractors, provides guidelines on the sale of health products. Accordingly, if Dr. Espanioli is concerned with the ethics of the association between his professional affiliation and his online business, consultation with this body may be useful.

As I suggested in the original article, retailing of health products by health care professionals such as chiropractors, potentially places them in a conflict of interest position. If products are sold by health care professionals, I believe these professionals have an ethical responsibility to ensure there is a clear body of scientific evidence to support the product's efficacy and safety, and an additional responsibility to ensure consumers are fully informed and advised about product use.


The Peaceman-Rachford alternating direction method, based on the (l,l)-Pade approximant to e z , is extended to a fourth-order method based on the (2,2)-approximant. The non-commutativity of the matrices involved means that very few rational approximants lead to satisfactory alternating direction methods. The method based on the (2,2)-approximant extends to three-dimensional problems without loss of stability.


Humanity emerges from the Chaos, the Abyss, the Groundless. It emerges therefrom as psyche: rupture of the living being's regulated organization, representational/affective/intentiona! flux which tends to relate everything to itself and to live everything as constantly sought-after meaning. This meaning is essentially solipsistic, monadic; or, in other words, it is the pleasure of relating everything to oneself. If this search for meaning remains absolute and radical, it cannot but fail and will lead to the death of the psyche's living support and of the psyche itself. Diverted from its original total demand [exigence], essentially altered, formed/deformed, and canalized, it is half satisfied by the social fabrication of the individual. The human species is radically unfit for life; it survives by creating society, and the institution. The institution permits the psyche to survive by imposing on it the social form that is the individual, by proposing to it and by imposing on it another source and another modality of meaning: the social imaginary signification, the mediated identification with this signification (with its articulations), the possibility of relating everything to signification. The question of meaning was to be gratified in this way, and the psyche's quest was to come to an end. In truth, such is never the case. On the one hand, the socially fabricated individual, as solid and structured as it is in other respects, is never but a thin film covering [recourvrant] the Chaos, the Abyss, the Groundlessness of the psyche itself, which never ceases, under one form or another, to announce itself to the individual and to be present for it. Here may be recognized a partial but deformed truth found in certain contemporary psychoanalytic conceptions which see in the entire


As an application of the theory of dechannelling of fast ions in distorted crystal, the dechannelling of 1.5 MeV He + ions in Al-6.8 at% Zn alloy crystals containing spherical precipitates was studied. The lattice displacement functions around the precipitates were determined from the analysis of the observed dechannelling of He + ions in the crystals.


The primary objective of the present work was the development of a quantitative schlieren-imaging technique that can be used to study the dynamics of instability waves. An underexpanded jet was considered as an ideal test case due to the complexity and multitude of instability mechanism. The technique was initially validated by optically capturing a controlled acoustic wave generated by a compression driver and excellent agreement was obtained with microphone measurements. Further analysis of an underexpanded jet demonstrated that the technique can be used to capture the very high screech frequency.


In this paper, the fast Fourier transform (FFT) to perform spatial convolutions of the time domain discrete Green's functions (DGF) method related to the analysis of the antenna with more than one dimension has been proposed. For this aim, the discrete Green's functions and the currents on the antenna have been appropriately defined periodic so as to use the zero padded fast Fourier transform. The computational complexity of this approach is O(NwNxNyNz log(NxNyNz)), contrary to O(NwN xN 2 y N 2 z ) for direct implementation of the convolutions. Simulation results demonstrate the great efficiency of the FFT-based spatial convolutions in the modeling of planar antennas.


Veronica Rodriguez-Blanco's monograph, Law and Authority under the Guise of the Good (Hart 2014) is an insightful study of intentional human action. With special reference to Anscombe's scholarship, Rodriguez-Blanco's aim is to illuminate 'the nature of human institutions such as law' by reference to the wider study of human affairs, specifically the philosophy of action (practical reason, human agency) and the idea of human goods as ends of human action. This essay offers two lines of inquiry for further reflection. The first examines whether Anscombe's why-question methodology, deployed with success at several stages of the book's argument, can arrive at the book's ultimate aim: to 'fully grasp the nature of legal authority and legal normativity' (13). I offer a friendly amendment or clarification to demonstrate how it can, so long as two different ways of asking why are distinguished. The second line of inquiry examines whether identifying undifferentiated 'good-making characteristics' as the end of intelligent action is a sufficiently secure foundation for developing a general philosophical understanding of law. I invite Rodriguez-Blanco to develop an account of the good that could ground not only a reason to comply with the law, but more forcefully a (defeasible but) decisive reason to do so, and suggest that such an account may be found in the common good.


This thesis points out that Chinese\|English translation of scientific writings should also pay attention to its rhetorical aspect.Through the analysis of different features of Chinese and English,it puts stress on the objectivity,formalness,cohesin and conciseness of the translation.Moreover,combined with adequate examples in translation practice,it probes the techniques of Chinese\|English translation of scientific essays.\;


Titanium nitride (TiN) whiskers were formed on the outer surface of a graphite tube by heating potassium fluorotitanate (IV) (K2TiF6) above 1300°C in a stream of nitrogen. It is found that the addition of reduced metals has remarkable effects on the deposition temperature, shape, and yield of TiN. By addition of calcium, aluminium, and silicon, TiN whiskers were formed at 1100-1400°C on the outer surface of the graphite tube. By addition of magnesium, TiN whiskers were formed at 1200°C on the outer surface of the graphite tube. When aluminium and silicon were added, TiN whiskers were formed on the surface of residual additive. It is speculated that the reduced metals accelerated the reduction of titanium fluoride. The shape of the whiskers was observed by SEM. The cross section of whiskers on the graphite tube was mostly square, and that of whiskers on residual additive was mostly octagonal. It was suggested that the whiskers with a square cross section formed on the graphite tube grew in the ‹100› direction, and those with an octagonal cross section obtained on residual additive grew in the ‹112› direction.


Defatted Canary ( Canarium indicum L.) as an oilcake was used as a nutraceutical due to its high protein content (36.039%). One of its applications is the preparation of protein hydrolysate using enzymes, namely, papain, flavourzyme, and pepsin. The production was performed using the Box–Behnken response surface methodology, which involves three factors and three levels, namely, concentration [E/S], hydrolysis time, and hydrolysis temperature which are all factors to be considered. The antioxidant test on the sample was used as a parameter for determining the optimal conditions. In addition, other properties, namely, protein content, degree of hydrolysis, and SDS-PAGE electropherogram profile, were also analyzed to determine the character of the product. The results showed that the optimum process for producing antioxidative protein hydrolysate with papain (A13), flavourzyme (B1), and pepsin (C14) was performed at 60°C, 50°C, and 42°C, with an enzyme concentration of 0.55%, 0.55%, and 0.1% (w/v) for 3, 1, and 3 h, respectively. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity (IC 50 ) values of each hydrolysate were 2.622 ± 0.072 (A13), 0.426 ± 0.008 (B1), and 0.195 ± 0.001 mg/mL (C14). This implies that the protein hydrolysate produced by pepsin has the highest antioxidant activity.


Abstract : IPv6 deployment is increasing as IPv4 address allocations near exhaustion. Many large organizations, including the Department of Defense (DOD), have mandated the transition to IPv6. With the transition to IPv6, new techniques need to be developed to accurately measure, characterize, and map IPv6 networks. This thesis presents a method of profiling the uninterrupted system availability, or uptime, of IPv6 addressable devices. The techniques demonstrated in this study infer system restarts and the operational uptime for IPv6 network devices with a specific focus on IPv6 routers on the Internet. Approximately 50,000 IPv6 addresses were probed continuously from March to June 2014, using the Too Big Trick (TBT) to induce the remote targets to return fragmented responses. By evaluating the responses, the uptime for approximately 35% of the IPv6 addresses can be inferred.


Data-driven filtering technique has immense potential and gained significant attention lately. This paper investigates a novel data-driven filtering algorithm based on a new dynamic linearization technique in the framework of Kalman Filter for aclass of discrete-time nonlinear systems. Compared with the conventional nonlinear filtering algorithms, such as Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) or Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF), the proposed data-driven filtering (DDF) method can not only be applied for nonlinear systems without precise mathematical model or linearization approximation, but also be designed by merely utilizing the I/O measurement data of the plant. The theoretical analysis shows that the proposed approach guarantees uniform ultimate boundedness of the filtering errors. The comparison numerical simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach.


Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic and contagious infectious disease that can attack almost all organs of the human body, especially the lungs, caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. Chest X-ray is a fast imaging technique and one of the main tools that have high sensitivity for diagnosing pulmonary TB. This study aimed to find out more about the overview of radiological images of chest X-rays of patients with tuberculosis at BARI General Hospital, Palembang, Indonesia.
Methods: This study is a descriptive observational study. A total of 50 research subjects participated in this study. The radiological images of the chest X-rays are presented in the form of grouping, namely the presence of infiltrates, consolidation, fibrosis, cavities, and effusions. In addition, observations were made on the location of the emergence of various abnormalities on the radiological image of the chest X-rays in a descriptive way.
Results: This study showed that the majority of study subjects had to infiltrate radiological features, and the majority of study subjects had lesions at the apex of the superior lobe.
Conclusion: The radiological images of the chest X-rays in TB patients show the presence of infiltrate, consolidation, fibrosis, effusion, and cavity lesions, where the lesions are in line with the progressivity of TB.


THE interpretation of the discourse in John 6 has long been a source of scholarly division. There are some who maintain that the whole of the discourse (6,22-59) is Eucharistic,' while others claim that there is no reference to the sacrament; it must be understood as a call to full faith in Jesus.s The crucial vv. SIc-58 are difficult to understand, unless they are seen as in some way Eucharistic. This has been recognized by many scholars, but R. Bultmann and G. Bornkamm conclude from this that the verses must be omitted as they are the work of a later hand, attempting to bring the discourse within the confines of the sacramental teaching and practice of the Church." Recently, R. E. Brown, an eminent Catholic exegete, has been convinced by the arguments of Bornkamm that vv. SIc-58 contradict both what precedes and what follows them.'


Repetitive negative thoughts are generally viewed as a specific cognitive vulnerability factor that seems to be involved in the etiology and maintenance of emotional problems. The existing study aimed to investigate the role of repetitive negative thoughts in the vulnerability for emotional problems and determine the prevalence rates of this problems among secondary schools' adolescents, hence, a descriptive cross sectional study design was used. A self- administered questionnaire sheet was used to collect data from 480secondary schools' student. Study results revealed that there were significant positive correlation between neuroticism as an indicator of general vulnerability, repetitive negative thoughts and emotional problems. Whereas, behavioral inhibition had a significant negative correlation with repetitive negative thoughts and emotional problems. Further, more than three quarter (77.6%) of the studied students have symptoms of depression and majority (87.3%) of the studied students have symptoms of anxiety. Conclusion, depression and anxiety had high prevalence rates among adolescents. also, repetitive negative thoughts contribute to adolescents' vulnerability for depression and anxiety. Consequently it is recommended to Conduct school and community-based mental health promotion and prevention programmes directed toward adolescents, their families, educational staff and others who have direct contact with adolescents. And consider repetitive negative thoughts clinically can be effective in treatment of depression and anxiety.


Forest fires are one of the most common disasters occurring during the dry season. Fires contain a variety of potential hazards for humans, property and the environment. To overcome the problem of forest fires is necessary supervision and early detection of fire. Flame Sensor Module that has been integrated in LoRa / GPS HAT can be an alternative to solve the problem of fire. Flame Sensor Module is a sensor component that can detect fire and LoRa / GPS HAT is a hardware media data transmission communications using radio frequency. By connecting every device on a network then can be created a prototype fire detector.


Abstract Precision x-ray studies, polarization and electrocaloric measurements have been made with PST-PSN solid solutions in the temperature range −180–+80°C. The large electrocaloric effect δT = 1.0–1.7°C is due to both particular features of structure rearrangement at the 1-order phase transition in the materials and a high ion ordering in sublattice B of the perovskite structure ABO3.


The problem of finding edge-disjoint trees in a hypercube e.g. arises in the context of parallel computing [3]. Independent of applications it is of high aesthetic appeal. A hypercube of dimension n, denoted by Qn, comprises 2 n vertices each corresponding to a distinct binary string of length n. An edge exists between two vertices if and only if their corresponding binary strings differ in exactly one position. Since each vertex of Qn has degree n, the number of edges is n2. A variety of decomposability options derive from this fact. In the remainder of the introduction we focus on three of them. The first two have been dealt with before in the literature, the third is the topic of this article.


This study aims to analyze and determine the effect of (1) consumption, capital, and labor on salt production in Indonesia (2) production, salt prices, imports, and Gross Domestic Product on salt consumption in Indonesia (3) consumption, exchange rates, and Gross Domestic Product on imports salt in Indonesia. This type of research is descriptive and associative. While this type of data is documentary data, the source of information is secondary data and data in the form of time series from 1986 - 2018. Simultaneous equation model analysis tools with the Two Stages Least Squared (TSLS) method. This study concludes that consumption of salt, capital, and labor has a significant influence on salt production in Indonesia. Salt production, salt prices, salt imports, and Gross Domestic Product significantly influence salt intake. Salt consumption and Gross Domestic Product have a significant effect on salt imports in Indonesia. Based on these results, the policy suggested is that the Government, through the Ministry of Agriculture, must issue a policy to encourage capital increase for salt production activities. In addition, the Government is also expected to increase the quantity and quality of workers who work in the industry so that the production of salt itself can be improved.


Retrieving documents that are off-topic to an authorized user's pre-defined area of interest via a search engine is potentially a violation of access rights, commonly referred to as misuse, and is a concern to every private, commercial, and governmental organization. In this preliminary study, we improve previous content-based misuse detection approaches by using a sequence of queries versus only individual user queries to perform our misuse assessment. That is, we reevaluate how off-topic a query is based on the sequence of queries that preceded it. Our empirical results show that by using the information from the queries in a given query window, the degree of false alarm and undetected misuse are both statistically significantly reduced.


In this paper, a grey prediction model was used to predict the future consumption of food additives, and then an electrochemical analysis method was combined to focus on the detection of food additives as an example of gallic acid, and to optimize the conditions that may affect the detection results. A series of standard curves describing the concentration of gallic acid (0.0005 μM - 200 μM) were obtained under optimal detection conditions. This study constructs a sensitive, short time-consuming and easy-to-operate assay system for the detection of gallic acid in food additives by electrochemical analysis, and provides a potential method for the quantitative determination of gallic acid in food additives in the future.


This research study explores the child's dislike for school and studies as a potential cause for school dropout in Sindh. The paper focuses on the gender-based differences among male and female school dropout children of Sindh about their personal dislike for school and studies being the self-reported reason for their school dropout. The survey with the help of a closed-ended questionnaire was done with male and female school dropout children from various districts across Sindh. A three-item scale developed on 5 point Likert scale response categories is used for the purpose of collecting data on children's dislike for schooling and studies as the reason for leaving school early. The total number of cases included in this research is 5641 school dropout children from Sindh. It includes 4032 boys and 1609 girls. The data were statistically analyzed and presented in the forms of tables. The results of data analysis show that there is a statistically significant difference among male and female school dropout children on their dislike for schooling and studies as being the reason for their school dropout. The results of the study show that more boys leave school due to their dislike for school and studies as compared to girls in the province of Sindh.


Winning a Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) award appears to have a negative effect on the size of a company's R&D budget, and no effect on its ability to create jobs or increase sales. This surprising finding, from a new study of how the SBIR program affects small businesses, runs counter to the widely held notion that the awards are a much-needed catalyst for growth in R&D spending.


A field investigation was carried out for six seasons from kharif 2006 through kharif 2009 at Agricultural Research Station, Kathalagere, district Davangere in the southern transitional zone of Karnataka. The present investigation was taken up to know the bioeffectiveness of azimsulfuron 50 DF in comparison with butachlor, 2,4-DEE, hand weeding for weed control in transplanted rice. The field experiment was laidout in randomized block design with 8 treatments viz., T1: Azimsulfuron 50 DF @ 27.5 g a.i./ha + 0.2% Surfactant, T2: Azimsulfuron 50 DF @ 30.0 g a.i./ha + 0.2% Surfactant, T3: Azimsulfuron 50 DF @ 35.0 g a.i./ha + 0.2% Surfactant, T4: T2 + 1 hand weeding @ 40 DAT, T5: Butachlor 50 EC @ 1.25 kg a.i./ha (standard check), T6: 2,4-DEE 2.0 kg a.i./ha (4 WAT), T7: Hand weeding twice (20 and 40 DAT) and T8: Weedy check. The treatments were replicated thrice. Azimsulfuron 30.0 g a.i./ha (19 DAT) + 0.2% Surfactant followed by one hand weeding at 40 DAT recorded significantly lower total weed density (0.00–1.67/0.25 m2) and total weed dry weight (0.00–0.26 g/0.25 m2) than all the herbicidal treatments and was at par or better than hand weeding twice during 2008 and 2009; resulting in highest grain yield (6834, 6683 and 6102 kg/ha in summer 2008, kharif 2008 and kharif 2009, respectively) and straw yield (7008, 7030 and 6494 kg/ha in summer 2008, kharif 2008 and kharif 2009, respectively) of rice. During summer/kharif 2007, azimsulfuron 35 g a.i./ha was provided the maximum control of weeds with maximum yields among the herbicidal treatment, while during kharif 2006, maximum grain and straw yields were observed to be under butachlor 1.25 kg a.i./ha.


Abstract The properties of barium hafnate titanate are possibly better than those of barium zirconium titanate. In general nanoscale materials possess unique electrical, magnetic, and optical properties. Barium hafnate titanate powders were prepared via sol-gel processing at different sol concentrations. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy characterization were performed. The X-ray diffraction spectra suggest that a higher calcination temperature is necessary for the powder samples prepared at lower sol concentrations to obtain a pure phase. The X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy results both reveal that the average powder size decreases with the increasing of sol concentration, which may be due to the change in viscosity.


Oximes are oxidatively deprotected by thalium(III) nitrate supported onto HZSM-5 zeolite to the parent carbonyl compounds in high yields upon exposure to microwave irradiation.


We compare the conformational distributions of Ace‐Ala‐Nme and Ace‐Gly‐Nme sampled in long simulations with several molecular mechanics (MM) force fields and with a fast combined quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) force field, in which the solute's intramolecular energy and forces are calculated with the self‐consistent charge density functional tight binding method (SCCDFTB), and the solvent is represented by either one of the well‐known SPC and TIP3P models. All MM force fields give two main states for Ace‐Ala‐Nme, β and α separated by free energy barriers, but the ratio in which these are sampled varies by a factor of 30, from a high in favor of β of 6 to a low of 1/5. The frequency of transitions between states is particularly low with the amber and charmm force fields, for which the distributions are noticeably narrower, and the energy barriers between states higher. The lower of the two barriers lies between α and β at values of ψ near 0 for all MM simulations except for charmm22. The results of the QM/MM simulations vary less with the choice of MM force field; the ratio β/α varies between 1.5 and 2.2, the easy pass lies at ψ near 0, and transitions between states are more frequent than for amber and charmm, but less frequent than for cedar. For Ace‐Gly‐Nme, all force fields locate a diffuse stable region around ϕ = π and ψ = π, whereas the amber force field gives two additional densely sampled states near ϕ = ±100° and ψ = 0, which are also found with the QM/MM force field. For both solutes, the distribution from the QM/MM simulation shows greater similarity with the distribution in high‐resolution protein structures than is the case for any of the MM simulations. Proteins 2003;50:451–463. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Logic programming is advocated as a style for specifying the denotational semantics of programming languages. To investigate the applicability of logic programming as a metalanguage for denotational semantics, the authors have developed Prolog definitions of a simple imperative subject language using both an interpretive approach which uses the denotational semantics to interpret programs on some input and a compiler-oriented approach which translates programs into lambda calculus, essentially embedding a functional style into Prolog predicates. To make the latter executable, a lambda calculus machine is also defined in Prolog. It is found that there is a very natural representation of the denotational semantics domains and evaluation functions in Prolog. The compiler-oriented definition in particular has the significant property that the compilation of source programs can be executed in parallel. The result is that logic programming is a very suitable approach to denotational semantics and formal specification of programming languages in general.<<ETX>>


Slovakia is renowned for its remarkable and rare natural beauty, abundant in natural resources with several noteworthy geological features. However, the protection of nature has primarily been understood as the protection of biodiversity in Slovakia. For the conservation of geological diversity and landforms, very little has been done. Geoconservation or the protection of geodiversity is being applied to specific places known as geosites, where significant earth elements (geological, paleontological, geomorphological, hydrological and pedological) are protected, preserved and managed. Most geosites benefit from existing protected areas. Their protection is random and does not result from the recognition of their values. As discussed in the paper, geotourism related activities can undoubtedly contribute to promoting the protection of geosites in protected areas. Besides, through a geotourism approach, geodiversity can obtain public attention and positively influence the state of protected areas by its activities. Such initiatives not only can improve the protection of geological sites but also can play a crucial role in sustainable tourism development.


Abstract. In this paper, a new approach of three-dimensional acoustic particle manipulation (acoustophoresis) in closed and liquid-filled vessels based on the time reversal technique is discussed. Based on simulation studies, this work investigates the technical prerequisites to achieve appropriate acoustic radiation forces (ARFs) for the manipulation of small particles with the time reversal method by utilizing multiple reflections in a closed vessel. The time-discrete and localized acoustic pressure field required for this purpose is generated by a time reversal mirror composed of 24 piezoceramic transducers. The paper also gives an outlook on practical evaluation of the simulation results based on a demonstrator setup.


Manipulation under anaesthetic (MUA) for the treatment of frozen shoulder is well established and effective however timing of surgery remains controversial. Intervention before 9 months has previously been shown to be associated with improved outcome. We test this theory by measuring Oxford Shoulder Score (OSS), re-MUA and subsequent surgery rate. A retrospective review of a prospectively collected, single surgeon, consecutive patient series revealed 244 primary frozen shoulders treated by MUA within 4 weeks of presentation. The mean duration of antecedent symptoms was 28 weeks (95% CI 4-44 weeks) and time to follow up was 26 days (95% CI 11-41 days). The mean OSS improved by 16 points (2-tailed t test p Early MUA does not appear to produce improved outcomes when compared to later intervention but we note does result in an earlier return to function.


In this paper we study the family of permutations avoiding the pattern 1223 (trivially equivalent to those avoiding 1 23 4), which extend the popular 123-avoiding permutations. In particular we provide an algorithmic description of a generating tree for these permutations, that is a way to build every object of a given size n + 1 in a unique way by performing local modifications on an object of size n. Our algorithm leads to a direct bijection between 1 23 4-avoiding permutations and valley-marked Dyck paths. It extends a known bijection between 123-avoiding permutations and Dyck paths, and makes explicit the connection between these objects that was earlier obtained by Callan through a series of non-trivial bijective steps. In particular our construction is simple enough to allow for efficient exhaustive generation. 1 The notion of pattern avoidance and its mathematical framework Patterns in permutations have been occasionally studied for over a century, but in the last two decades this area has grown, with several published papers. The study of permutations which are constrained by not having one or more subsequences ordered in various prescribed ways has been motivated both by its combinatorial difficulty and by its appearance in some data structuring problems in Computer Science. Indeed, the study of permutation patterns started with Knuth's consideration of stack-sorting [21]. Knuth showed that a permutation π can be sorted by a stack if and only if π avoids 231, and that stack-sortable permutations are enumerated by the Catalan numbers. Knuth also raised questions about sorting with deques. Later, Tarjan investigated sorting by networks of stacks, while Pratt showed that the permutation π can be sorted by a deque if and only if for all k, π avoids σ = 5 2 7 4 . . . 4k + 1 4k − 2 3 4k 1 and δ = 5 2 7 4 . . . 4k + 3 4k 1 4k + 2 3 , and every permutation that can be obtained from either of these by interchanging the last two elements or the 1 and the 2 [23]. This set of permutations is infinite, and it is one of the first examples of an infinite antichain of permutations. So, it is not immediately clear how long it takes to decide if a permutation can be sorted by a deque. Rosenstiehl and Tarjan (1984) later presented a linear (in the length of π) time algorithm to establish if π can be sorted by a deque [24]. It is well known that the number of permutations of length n avoiding any one classical pattern of length 3 is the nth Catalan number, which counts a large amount of different combinatorial objects [27]. There are many other results in this direction, relating pattern avoiding permutations to various other combinatorial structures, either via bijections, or by analytic approaches. It now seems clear that this field of research will continue growing for a long time to come, due to the several problems that are related to other branches of combinatorics, other fields of mathematics, and to other disciplines such as computer science, physics, computational biology and theoretical physics.


The analysis and design of computer control system for a new type of fruit automatic process equipment is introduced. According to software engineering design idea, the objects of system are concluded. Using class diagram in UML the attributes and behaviors of objects as well as their associations are described. The design of single document multi-view interface and temperature control is also presented in detail. The system has been run into practice, and the system performance has achieved design target.


Immigrant families form a quickly changing multicultural context in many European countries and particularly in Greece. This study is a narrative review regarding postpartum depression within the refugee/immigrant population, in an attempt to increase understanding of immigrant women's mental health care postnatally. First, we provided a brief review regarding the causes and symptoms of postpartum depression; moreover, we presented the already established bibliography concerning the immigrant/refugee population. Finally, we present several coping strategies that can be applied for dealing with such occurrences. Depression rates are higher among immigrants and refugees than in the general population due to their living conditions. New immigrant mothers may often be particularly vulnerable to less than optimal mental health following childbirth given the cultural and geographic isolation, socioeconomic factors, gender roles, and language difficulties that influence their postpartum experiences. Refugee women's mental health issues often go unrecognized. Maternity health professionals, especially midwives, should recognize the inequalities and provide culturally sensitive health care services and help to design tailored prevention programs in order to protect women in these population groups from postpartum depression.


Ethernet transformers are mass produced broadband signal coupling transformers, used for interfacing copper twisted-pair networking cable to Ethernet devices. In this paper, we present a process for fabricating Ethernet transformers by embedding ferrite core materials within printed circuit board, and then fabricating the windings around the embedded core. Sample transformers were fabricated with different winding configurations and core materials. It is then possible to clad the board with copper and fabricate routes or mount components to the board faces, making the transformer a zero-footprint component. The sample transformer's performance is experimentally evaluated, and the results are presented in this paper. All transformers were found to successfully couple up to 1000Base-T Ethernet.


—In order to follow the trends imposed by globalization, the regulation should be based on technological neutrality and market orientation. The aim is to protect the interests of users, strengthen the competition, support involvement of new participants on the market and exert positive influence on the economic growth. Technological convergence enables all types of networks to provide almost any service, thus imposing the need for the regulation to follow the same trend. In order to minimize the differences among communication market beneficiaries, it is necessary to harmonize the communication market legislative framework among countries. In our view, the most efficient harmonization is achieved with support from convergent regulatory authorities of the communications market. The regulatory performance is measured using statistical techniques on data obtained from interviewing relevant European institutions and authorities.


Worldwide interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) is a telecommunications protocol that provides fixed and mobile internet access. In addition, WiMAX can provide mobile wireless broadband access without the requirement for direct line-of-sight with a base station. In contrast with other wireless networks, WiMAX can provide high broadband speed, large coverage area, multiple bands and support for multimedia. However, a serious problem, the broadcast storm, needs to be addressed due in part to excessive communications from mobile devices, such as file, audio and video sharing. Therefore, a three-layer-based WiMAX network topology is proposed to reduce packet collisions and to enhance performance of communication efficiently. Furthermore, the stability and expansibility of the WiMAX topology can be improved.


Dear Sir: We' read with great interest the report "Nuclear Changes in Hepatocytes of Patients with Non-A, Non-B Hepatitis" by Cabral et al. (1). We examined by electron microscope liver biopsy specimens of 21 patients with non-A, non-B (NANB) hepatitis, and detected intranuclear viruslike particles measuring 25 + 3 nm in diameter (Figure 1A) in 2 patients. These particles were observed in 2%-3% of hepatocytic nuclei examined (2). The particles resembled "the first type of particles, 25 2 2 nm in diameter" (1) in size, appearance, and incidence. Unexpectedly we detected aggregates of 35-nm particles that were similar to "the third type particles" (1) in the hepatocytic nuclei of a patient with acute intermittent porphyria (AIP). The cluster of particles was observed in only 0.5% of hepatocytic nuclei examined (Figure IB). This patient had no evidence of known hepatitis virus infection, exposure to hepatotoxic agents, and no history of blood-transfusion or hepatitis. The appearance of these particles in AIP suggests the following three possibilities: (a) this patient with AIP may be a NANB hepatitis virus carrier (3); (b) the particles may be one of AIP-related structures; (c) this structure may be a nonspecific alteration due to liver injury. We failed to demonstrate convincingly the presence of "the second type of particles" (1) in patients with NANB hepatitis and AIP. With regard to intracytoplasmic tubular structures in the hepatocytes of chimpanzees with experimentally infected NANB hepatitis (4, 51, we could not detect them in the hepatocytic cytoplasm of 21 NANB hepatitis patients or of an AIP patient as reported (1). We feel, therefore, that these cytoplasmic tubular structures may be alterations species-specific to chimpanzees infected with one type of NANB hepatitis virus(es).


Recent advances in communications technology allow for greater fragmentation of production across borders. However, we do not observe U.S. multinationals offshoring all activities that are technologically feasible to perform abroad. This paper uses tasklevel routineness data paired with firm-level offshoring data to explain why this is the case. I first sketch a model in which less routine tasks are more costly to offshore because when unexpected problems arise, managers at the headquarters firm must intervene to fix them, and such intervention is costly. I test this prediction using firm level data on U.S. multinationals to identify which intermediate inputs these firms offshore to their foreign affiliates. Controlling for parent firm and country fixed effects as well as a measure of the feasibility of offshoring, I find that U.S. producers are more likely to import an intermediate input from a foreign affiliate the more intensively that input uses routine tasks. More complex and nonroutine activities are more likely to be performed at the multinational's headquarters in the U.S. ∗The statistical analysis of firm-level data on U.S. multinational companies was conducted at the Bureau of Economic Analysis, U.S. Department of Commerce under arrangements that maintain legal confidentiality requirements. The views expressed are those of the author and do not reflect official positions of the U.S. Department of Commerce. The author is grateful to William Zeile and Raymond Mattaloni for assistance with the BEA data. The author would also like to thank David Autor, Gordon Hanson, Rod Ludema, Anna Maria Mayda and seminar participants at Georgetown University, the 2nd Annual CEPR GIST Conference, and the 2010 IAB TASKS Conference for helpful suggestions


This paper explores the NPD strategy/NPD performance and NPD strategy/integration interfaces as they are mediated by the technological newness of products. Our study investigates these research questions: (1) Does NPD strategy development proficiency relate to new product success?; (2) Is NPD strategy development proficiency related to the degree of organizational integration during such projects?; (3) Is NPD strategy development proficiency associated with the resulting degree of R&D/manufacturing task proficiency?; (4) Is NPD strategy development proficiency related to marketing task proficiency?; and (5) Do the relationships noted above vary with the degree of technological newness? Our overall sample consists of 131 new product projects in the medical devices, electrical equipment, and heavy construction equipment industries. Our study was based on a random sample of the firms operating in these three industries. Our study data suggest that for technologically new products, strategy development proficiency is significantly related to the proficiency with which R&D/Mfg and marketing activities are performed. Additionally, we found a strong association between NPD strategy development proficiency and four measures of new product market success. We noted that the degree of technology newness varied between the most and least successful products in our sample. Our study results indicate that there is also a strong relationship between NPD strategy development proficiency and the degree of organizational integration. Finally, our data suggests that the degree of technology newness has mediation characteristics that need to be recognized. We develop implications for scholars and managers.


T7HE NEW GROVE is an encyclopedia with which a scholar of American music can feel at home. The coverage of American topics has been ably mapped out by area advisor H. Wiley Hitchcock, whose evenhanded approach to American music of all kinds in his well-known Music in the United States (1969; 2nd ed., 1974) is reflected in Grove. As well as a general article on music in the United States that runs to nearly sixty columns of text, pictures, and bibliography, prominent American musicians are given biographical entries, often quite substantial. References to American pieces or practices turn up in unexpected places: in James Webster's article on bass, for example, where jazz bass lines are mentioned; or in David Fuller's on figuration, where an example from William Albright's Juba stands next to a Gagliarda by John Bull; or in the appearance of the canonic frontispiece to Billings' The NewEngland Psalm-Singer (Boston, 1770) in the article on canon. Given the broadness of The New Grove's scope, it is not surprising that alphabetic coincidence produces some lively juxtapositions, as when "chaconne" is preceded by "cha-cha-cha" or "Trent, Council of," follows an entry on Arkansas-born black jazz band leader Alphonso Trent. If a scholarly discipline is to be judged by the company it keeps, then the coverage of American music in The New Grove marks its coming-of-age in an international forum.


Canada Competition Bureau has adopted an approach aimed at ensuring maximum conformity with the competition law, including conformity through education, facilitating conformity, and response to non-conformity. The approach emphasizes on preventing and guiding anti - competition act, corporal -ing with government department and businessman and leading to non - contested proceeding, which advocates resolving competition problem timely and effectively. The approach is corresponding with principle of efficiency under the market economy and meets the command of globalization. Therefore, Chinese competition law enforcement authority should use the approach as a reference. And it would give some helps.


In this research, the study of (the standard and economic analysis of the investment allocations for agricultural land reclamation in Iraq for the period between 1990-2017) has been conducted and the aim of the research is to assess the effect of the investment allocations In the reclamation of agricultural land in Iraq, knowing the affecting factors during the study period, making an economic analysis for the size of investment in reclamation and specifying a number of the affecting factors in it such as the gross national product, the agricultural product and the reclaimed lands, the results and discussion include, describing the methods used in the econometrics model after testing the stability of time series of the study variables by using statistical program (E views 9), the estimation of the regression model of investment customization by using the distributing delay self-regression (ARDL). The study reached several conclusion that the product variable was positive, i.e., the increase in agricultural product in the rate of (1% ) the investment allocations in the rate of (20.85%) in the short term, that is by the increase of the agricultural product in the long term in the rate of (10.97%). The gross nation product GDP variable showed a negative and moral effect in the short and long term. it is contrary to the economic logic that (ei) is by increasing gross national product (GDP) the investment allocations decrease in the short term in the rate of (-0.90%) and in the long term decrease in the rate of (-0.22%). While the variable of the reclaimed area in the short term has been negative and nonsignificant increase in reclaimed areas in the rate of (1%) investment allocations fall in the short term in the rate of (0.0066%). As for the long-term, it has been positive effect conform to economic logic. It increases in the rate of (0.0279%). After one year, it will become significant but negative effect. The error equation has been negative and significant (has met the necessary and sufficient condition); meaning that there is a long-term balanced relationship among the variable of the study.