Adolescents age 15-19 are particularly vulnerable to reproductive and sexual health needs and are at heightened risk for unsafe sexual and reproductive behaviors. For more than three decades the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) program has collected information on adolescents' sexual and reproductive health. This report discusses the current status and trends over time of several key indicators relevant to adolescent sexual and reproductive health using data from 41 countries from surveys conducted between 1990 and 2011. Findings indicate a number of demographic shifts which may affect adolscent lives and the context in which adolescent sexual and repoductive behavior occurs. The proportion of adolescents' age 15-19 living in rural areas has declined in more than half of the countries surveyed suggesting increasing urbanization among adolescent populations. Consistently across time the proportion of women with no education is greater than that of men; this is especially evident in sub-Saharan Africa and South / Southeast Asia. The percentage of women currently working is decreasing in the majority of countries while the percentage of men currently working is increasing. Less than one-third of adolescent women and less than 3 percent of adolescent men are married or in union by age 15 in most countries. The proportion of adolescent women who report having sexual intercourse in the past 12 months has increased in more than half of the countries surveyed. The proportion of adolescent men reporting recent sexual intercourse has decreased by small margins in the majority of countries. The proportion of adolescents who have had sex with two or more partners or who have had sex with a nonmarital or noncohabiting partner is greater in nearly every instance for men than for women. Condom use and other contraceptive use does not appear to have changed substantially over time. In the majority of countries there is a slight decline in the proportion of adolescent women who have ever been pregnant. A similar trend is observed for the proportion of adolescent women who have had a live birth. The proportion of adolescent women who received antenatal care from a skilled provider seems to show improvement over time and a similar increasing trend is observed for adolescents who are attended by a skilled provider for delivery. The results of the report illustrate the need for targeted efforts to improve adolesents' sexual and reproductive health and contributing factors. Interventions are needed to increase adolescent women's age at marriage especially for countries with no evidence of decline in early marriage in the last decade. Additionally interventions to promote condom use particularly among adolescents with multiple partners and nonmarital / noncohabiting partners is a widespread need in the this population. Efforts to improve levels of contraceptive use and antenatal / delivery care among adolescent women are necessary as they appear to face various levels of unmet reproductive need. Beyond the descriptive information provided in this report additional research would be helpful to examine the relationships between related adolescent behaviors risks and health outcomes.


Genetic variation in photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, leaf chlorophyll content, and dark respiration was studied in 16 wheat genotypes (Triticum aestivum L.) grown under high-temperature field conditions in central Mexico. Measurements were made on flag leaves in full sun light, at three different stages of plant development, and at different times of the day. Two experiments were conducted with sowing dates in December 1991 and March 1992, and the results compared with the grain yields of the experimental plots on which measurements were made. Photosynthetic rate was fairly stable during the day between 10:00 and 14:00, and across experiments, despite differences in leaf temperature of up to 4°C. However, rates of photosynthesis fell noticeably at successively later stages of plant development, and showed a strong interaction with genotype. For both planting dates, there was a clear association among the parameters photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, leaf temperature, and chlorophyll content, and all of these parameters were correlated significantly with grain yield. Photosynthetic rate in the post-anthesis period was strongly associated with chlorophyll loss after anthesis, which suggests that genetic variability in the onset of senescence may be an important variable determining the yield of wheat in hot environments.


progressive anaemia, not only in Egypt and in the notable epidemic which occurred among the workmen in the St Gothard Tunnel, but also among the miners and bricklayers in Ehenish Prussia, where the disease was contracted by drinking water containing the ova. In Germany the disease was recognised by the detection of the ova in the faeces, and has proved very amenable to treatment by the freshly prepared extract of the male shield fern. The possibility was suggested that the same agent might be the cause of some of the forms of pernicious ansemia in this country, and it was recommended that in all cases of pernicious anaemia search should be made for the ova.


The object-oriented class library designed for solving various optimization problems of resource allocation, including problems of cutting materials and any dimensional packing problems, is described in this paper. The class library enables obtaining of suboptimal solutions of NP-completed resource allocation problems using standard evolutionary and modified heuristic optimization algorithms. The developed class library can be used in creation of an applied software for a wide class of optimization problems, including problems of resource allocation in storage systems and logistics, problems of cutting materials on machine tools with numerical control, scheduling problems and a large set of other practical problems.


ABSTRACT Examination of writings about British cities that appeared in Germany between the mid-1830s and 1914 runs counter to emphasis either on German anti-urbanism or on growing hostility among Germans to their neighbours across the North Sea. Although it takes into account strong disparagement of flaws and failings that had, in the view of critics, resulted from the chaotic nature of urban growth in Britain, it points to increasing recognition – particularly after mid-century – of efforts to ameliorate conditions about which critics had complained. Much of what was singled out for commendation involved voluntary efforts by men and women who sought to improve working-class life via philanthropic uplift. During the 1850s and 1860s, the conservative social reformer Victor Aimé Huber sang the praises of the co-operative movement, both from an economic and from a moral standpoint. Later on, other observers, such as the liberal economist Gerhart Schulze-Gävernitz, lauded the most famous of the British settlement houses, Toynbee Hall in East London, on account of the activities it promoted in the area of adult education. Favourable commentary on municipal government rounded out a picture of the urban scene as a sphere in which local forces exemplified a spirit of civic-mindedness that ought to inspire admiration rather than enmity.


Zendle and Bowden-Jones are correct about the methodological shortcomings of research that aims to understand the effects of social media.12 But these observations also apply to related research that considers the effect of technology use more generally. Studies typically involve asking people to consider their personal experience with technology,3 …


Faced with a clinical scenario of coxalgia due to hip osteoarthritis, the need to know the safest and most effective conservative treatments for pain management arose. The treatment of osteoarthritis requires a comprehensive and individualised approach based on the patient's preferences to achieve maximum clinical benefit. There are numerous useful strategies for pain management in patients with hip osteoarthritis being strongly recommended from the beginning such as physical activity, oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) and in certain cases intra-articular corticosteroids, tramadol or duloxetine, always associated with physical activity. The most recommended exercises are aerobics and Tai Chi or yoga.


The dependence of the carrier distribution on photoexcited carrier dynamics in a p-type Mg-doped GaN (GaN:Mg) wafer were systematically measured by femtosecond transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy. The homogeneity of the carrier distribution was modified by tuning the wavelength of the UV pulse excitation around the band gap of GaN:Mg. The TA kinetics appeared to be biexponential for all carrier distributions, and only the slower component decayed faster as the inhomogeneity of the carrier distribution increased. It was concluded that the faster component (50–70 ps) corresponded to the trap process of holes by the Mg acceptors, and the slower component (150–600 ps) corresponded to the combination of non-radiative surface recombination and intrinsic carrier recombination via dislocations. Moreover, the slower component increased gradually with the incident fluence due to the saturation of surface states.


We demonstrate an effective, noble metal-free method to control the threshold voltages (VT) of organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs). Through covering an Al gate electrode with a high work function (WF) transition metal oxide (TMO) layer of WO3 or MoO3, VT is shifted in a positive direction from -2.15 V to -1.40 V or -0.89 V, respectively, with respect to that of OTFTs with a bare Al gate electrode. Together with a thin dielectric layer of cross-linked Cytop, the reduced magnitude of VT allows for a low-voltage switching operation with a gate voltage as small as 2 V. The amount of VT shift is shown to correlate well with the change in the WF of the gate electrode upon TMO deposition.


OBJECTIVE
To study the expression of Neuropilin-1 in human carcinoma and papilloma of larynx specimens and carcinoma cell lines Hep-2.

METHOD
The expression of Neuropilin-1 in human laryngeal carcinoma, papilloma specimens were investigated by immunohistochemical staining; the expression of Neuropilin-1 mRNA in human laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, papilloma specimens and cell lines were examined by using RT-PCR.

RESULT
Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that NRP-1 was expressed in all human laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma specimens but was absent in nonmalignant laryngeal tissue. The mRNA of NRP land Hep-2 cell lines are positive in 24 of 28 human laryngeal carcinoma specimens but not negative in nonmalignant laryngeal specimens.

CONCLUSION
Neuropilin-1 was expressed in most of human laryngeal carcinoma specimens and cell lines but not expressed in nonmalignant tissue. It suggests that the expression of Neuropilin-1 may be related to the risk and development of laryngeal carcinoma and has high distinguishability.


Demand for highly sensitive, selective, and practically reliable sensors which could be easily fabricated is increasing for various applications in biological and biomedical systems. Thus, here we present a novel and simple amperometric NO microsensor based on electropolymerized polymeric films. The sensor consists of a platinized Pt disk anode (25-μm diameter) which surface is modified with electropolymerized polymer films and a Ag/AgCl wire cathode coiled around the anode. Three different electropolymerized films prepared from m-phenylenediamine (m-PD), 2,3-diaminonaphthalene (2,3-DAN), and 5-amino-1-naphthol (5A1N) are compared in terms of their permselectivity for NO over major biological interferents such as anionic nitrite, ascorbic acid, uric acid; neutral acetaminophen; and cationic dopamine. Poly-5A1N film layer among the three different polymers shows the best anti-interference characteristics for all the electroactive interferents examined. Indeed, single polymer film of electropolymerized 5A1N without any additional modification as a NO selective membrane is confirmed to be sufficient to reject anionic, neutral, as well as cationic interferents while allowing relatively high permeation of NO through it. Other analytical performance of the NO microsensor fabricated with poly-5A1N is evaluated: reliable linear dynamic range (a few tens nM to μM); sensitivity of 122.0±2.5 pA/μM; detection limit of <5.8 nM (S/N=3); response time, t90%<5 s, which are excellent when considering the small sensor size. Another sensor design which has both an anode (poly-5A1N modified platinized Pt) and a cathode (Ag/AgCl disk) embedded in a single sensor body is also presented.


We discuss the status of the SM - The principles - The Lagrangian - The problems - Open questions - The ways beyond. Then we consider possible physics beyond the SM - New symmetries (Gauge, SUSY, etc) - New particles (gauge, axion, superpartners) - New dimensions (extra, large, compact, etc) - New Paradigm (strings, branes, gravity). In conclusion, we formulate the first priority tasks for the future HEP program.


This thesis advance a new way in stock long tendency line and short tendency line by line generated by nonparametric estimate or wavelets. It seems more superior to traditional ways by analyzing the Shangzhen Index and one sample.


Abstract : A nonlinear, finite-element computer code was developed for use in predicting the performance of repaired bomb craters. The code is capable of calculating the stresses, strains, and deflections produced by single- and multiple-wheel aircraft gear configurations. The apparent crater profile can be input as a series of linear approximations that is used by the code to modify material properties to reflect pushback and fallback crater debris from in situ native materials. (Author)


Joint pain is one of the most common reasons for referral to pediatric rheumatology clinics throughout the world. Typically, these patients ultimately fall into one of three categories of diagnosis: (1) Inflammatory, (2) Non‐Inflammatory, or (3) mechanical, with each category requiring different subspecialty care and follow‐up. Our objective was to determine what factors on clinical history best predict the final etiology of the joint pain in three major categories, inflammatory, non‐inflammatory, and mechanical.


W illa G ather m aintained th a t sympathy lies behind great art, which is "all a th ing of feeling, you cannot apprehend it intellectually at all." 1 She w rote her novels out of this assum ption and expected others to recognize it in reading them . O bjecting to responses to The Professor's House, for example, C ather m aintained "this is really a story of 'letting go w ith the h eart' bu t most reviewers seem to consider it an attem pt to popularize a system of philosophy." 2 Yet them e, treated as philosophy, has been the focus of m uch C ather criticism; and, while studies have appeared on C ather's search for value, her land philosophy, her religion, and her populism ,3 "studies of [her] art, of novelistic techniques, style, and forms, have lagged behind the considerations of attitudes and


Globalization of financial markets has revealed the need for comparability and transparency of company financial statements. Therefore, a new international vision h as been introduced to legal institutions, companies , investors, credit companies, auditors and members of the accounting pregarding financial information that shou ld be opened to public scrutiny. As a result of the mandatory implementation of Inte rnational Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), the re is a need for qualified accountants who have the necessary vi sion to keep up with the transformation within the accounting profession, and who are fully conversant with international fin ancial reporting standards. Within this context, me mbers of the accounting profession will realize vocational devel opments in this international arena by closely foll owing developments in the IFRS and the various needs of taxpayers. This sexamines the Influence Process aimed at member s of the accounting profession within the framework of the mandatory ap plication of IFRS in Turkey.


Coordinated control system will have a direct impact on unit operation with the security and economy.The calculation of set point value with multi-objective optimization has a better effect on improving the quality of coordinated control systerm.However,the key to the accuracy of set point using multi-objective optimization is determined by the decision variables and their accurate feasibility region.Here the feasibility region of the decision variables was determined through an iterative process,using the power unit dynamic modle of a 160 MW oil fired drum-type boiler-turbine-generator unit.It will establish the foundation for coordinate control systerm with muti-objective optimization.


Environmental temperature perturbations pose a constant threat to the stability of neuronal function. The cardiac ganglion (CG), a central pattern generator (CPG), is able to maintain healthy rhythmic activity over a 30°C temperature range, modifying its output with changes as slight as 0.5°C (Jury and Watson, 2000). Recent studies have confirmed the role of neuromodulators as agents of regulation of crustacean CPGs in response to both acute and mild temperature changes (Chen et al., 2014; Städele et al., 2015). The goal of the present study is to observe the effects of neuromodulatory substances on the isolated CG across a broad range of biologically-relevant temperatures. I recorded activity from the CG extracellularly from 7°C to 31°C in saline and in the presence of one of five neuromodulatory substances. Q10 temperature coefficients of the CG's burst frequency in control conditions (n=31) were 1.76±.45, with some CGs nearly temperature invariant (Q10 = 1.1) while others increased 6-fold over the observed range (Q10 = 2.7). The efficacy of each substance in altering the CG's burst frequency and number of spikes per burst was found to have its own signature temperature dependence. In the presence of excitatory modulators, the change in burst rate over temperature increased, causing previously temperature-invariant CGs to become more temperature dependent. CCAP, typically considered excitatory, elicited a wide range of temperature-dependent responses on an animal-to-animal basis. The inhibitory substances GABA and Allatostatin-3 (AST-3) completely silenced activity of the CG at low temperatures. Interestingly, most but not all preparations overcame silencing at high temperatures, ranging from reduced to elevated frequencies in comparison to temperature-paired controls. These data enrich our knowledge of neuromodulatory dynamics in a temperature-varying environment.


To achieve the goal of heat source temperature control in waste heat recovery application, the concept of"Thermal Management Controller"(TMC)was presented and the experimental proto- type was established in this work.A two-dimensional heat and mass transfer model was developed to study the operation mechanism of TMC.According to the numerical analysis,it was found that the non-condensable gas has effective effect on blocking the heat transfer.When the working conditions change,the length of vapor-covered area varies a lot,whereas the saturated vapor temperature in this area remains relative constant.This characteristic indicates a good temperature control performance of TMC.Further more,excellent agreements are shown between the experimental data and computation results,which verifies the correctness of the model.


Abstract: The electronic, and optical properties of rhombohedral Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3 nanostructured thin film have been studied by the first–principle approach. Density functional theory (DFT) has been employed to calculate the fundamental properties of the layers using full–potential linearized augmented plane–wave (FPLAPW) method. A 2×2×1 supercell was constructed with two vacuum slabs on top and down of the supercell. A geometry optimization was performed by PBE method. The optimized thin film structure was used for the intended calculations. As well, the reflectance, dielectric function, refractive index, of the thin film were calculated in the UV–vis region. Results showed very well consistency with the available experimental and theoretical reports. The optical conductivity also followed a similar trend to that of the dielectric constants. Energy loss function of the modeled compound was also evaluated. The evaluated loss function showed sharp peaks in UV-vis region and followed a steady state in IR, MIR and FIR parts of spectrum.


Abstract The history of leprosy is briefly outlined. First recorded is an Indian source of the sixth century BC and a Chinese text of the third century. The earliest recorded skeletal evidence comes from the Dakhleh Oasis dating to the second century BC. By the fifth century AD the disease had reached Britain and rose to a peak between the eleventh and thirteenth centuries. By the sixteenth century it had declined rapidly. Questions of early diagnosis and treatment are considered.


The intensive use of pesticides in agricultural areas can leave residues of pesticide mixtures on the soil surface. Surface run-off can carry pesticide residues, enter water bodies, and then may affect non-target organisms. Chlorpyrifos and mancozeb are active ingredients commonly contained in pesticides applied in shallot farming. This study aims to evaluate the combined effect of pesticides containing active ingredients of chlorpyrifos and mancozeb on the growth and DNA damage of the microalgae Chlorella sorokiniana. The test organism was exposed to the combined concentration of chlorpyrifos:mancozeb, i.e., 0:0, 20%:20%, 20%:80%, 80%:20%, and 80%:80% of the individual EC50 of each pesticide with sampling time at hours 0, 6, 24, and 48. Microalgae growth was estimated by cell counting method, and DNA damage was analyzed by alkaline comet assay method with parameters, i.e., Tail Intensity (TI%), Head Intensity (HI%), Tail Moment (TM), Olive Tail Moment (OTM), and Tail Factor (TF). The results showed that the combined pesticides inhibited the growth of C. sorokiniana, with the highest growth inhibition being at a combined concentration of 80%:80%. The TM and OTM values of C. sorokiniana increased with the increase of combined concentrations at an exposure period of up to 24 hours. In conclusion, the combined exposure could induce growth inhibition and DNA damage of Chlorella sorokiniana, mainly in the first 24 hours. The TM and OTM can be used as sensitive biomarkers for biomonitoring pesticide pollution.


The utility model discloses a reinforced data cable comprising wires, a filling skeleton, and an over sheath wrapped round the wires and the filling skeleton. Four cavities are formed by the cross-shaped filling skeleton and the over sheath. Every two wires are mutually twisted to become a twisted pair wire. The twisted pair wires are placed in the four cavities and the number of the twisted pair wires in a cavity is the same as those in the others. A reinforcing steel wire is disposed at the center of the cross-shaped filling skeleton. By above manner, tensile strength of the data cable is enhanced while the data cable has little integral diameter and light weight. In addition, a phenomenon of crosstalk between adjacent wires in signal transmission is prevented.


Cassava or tapioca (Manihot esculenta Crantz.) is an important tuber crop belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae. This crop is well known for its tolerance to drought, adaptability to poor soil condition, pest and diseases. This crop is cultivated both in irrigated and rainfed conditions. In India, it is cultivated mainly in Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh. Kerala and Tamil Nadu account for about 80% of the total acreage of the crop in India. During 2018-19, cassava is cultivated in an area of 1.73 lakh hectares with the production of 49.50 lakh tonnes (NHB, 2019). Cassava is International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 9 Number 8 (2020) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com


now purchase raw food products? Articles printed in the trade press and opinions delivered before industry get-togethers would lead us to believe that the days of the quantity food kitchen are definitely numbered. There has been a movement in this direction for two decades or more which seems, judging from the reports, to be gathering momentum. But how swiftly is this transformation taking place? What developments are speeding the change? In what type of food operations is it most acceptable? Even more important, what is the viewpoint of industry leaders who operate large food service establishments and of those who plan the facilities for hundreds of food service operations of every type, size, and description? To ascertain the present status and future possibility of the restaurant-type kitchen becoming passe, The Quarterly addressed a series of questions to industry leaders on the firing line. Three executives of large food service operations and five food service consultants set forth their opinions in some detail. The questions asked and the replies given are set forth here.


Abstract The photoinduced graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate onto cellulose was studied using N-bromosuccinimide as the photoinitiator. The formation of graft copolymer increases with an increasing amount of cellulose. The graft copolymerization increases with increasing initiator concentration up to 1,25 × 10−2 M and thereafter it decreases. The percentage of graft increases with increasing monomer concentration up to 46.9 × 10−2 M and thereafter it decreases. The percentage graft-on increases with increasing temperature. The overall activation energy was computed to be 8.40 kcal/mol. The percentage graft was investigated using different water-miscible organic solvents. The graft copolymerization was also investigated using differently modified cellulose. A possible mechanism for the photo-graft copolymerization onto cellulose is suggested.


Infrared reflection–absorption spectroscopic (IRAS) measurements are reported for methanol dosed onto Pt(111) in ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) in both the presence and absence of adsorbed potassium atoms at 90 K with the objective of elucidating the nature of sequential cation solvation at this model electrochemical interface. Corresponding variations in the metal‐UHV work‐function (Φ), evaluated with a Kelvin probe, yield additional insight into the interfacial electrostatic environment as a function of the alkali and methanol dosages. Methanol forms a particularly suitable solvent for such a ''double‐layer modeling'' study since both the O–H stretching (νOH) and C–OH stretching (νC–OH) vibrations are sensitive to the local coordination environment. In addition, comparisons are made with the detailed infrared spectral data available for progressive methanol solvation of gas‐phase alkali cations [(a) A. J. Draves, Z. Luthey‐Schulten, W.‐L. Liu, and J. M. Lisy, J. Chem. Phys. 93, 4589 (1990); (b) T. J. Selegue, N...


The purpose of this study was to examine and analyze the influence of PAD, DAU, DAK and DOK on Capital Expenditures in West Papua Province in 2014-2018. This study uses secondary data, namely the budget originating from PAD, DAU, DAK and DOK which are allocated for Capital Expenditures in 12 Regencies and 1 City in West Papua Province. The analytical tool used is Multiple Linear Regression with IBM SPSS 21 application.The results of the study show that local revenue, general allocation funds and special allocation funds have no effect on capital expenditure, while the special autonomy fund has a positive and significant effect on capital expenditure. Furthermore, simultaneously PAD, DAU, DAK and DOK have no significant effect on Capital Expenditures


Objective To investigate the effects of advanced glycation end products(AGEs) on expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ(PPARγ) mRNA in rat renal cortex.Methods Normal rats were given tail vein injection with either AGE-modified rat serum protein(AGEs)or AGE-RSP followed by intraperitoneal injection of AG(AGEs+AG)or native rat serum protein(native RSP).Normal rats without any treatment were as controls(Control).PPAR-γ mRNA expression was analysed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).Results PPAR-γ mRNA expressed in all rat kidney cortex.There was a decrease for PPAR-γ in mRNA levels in the renal cortex of AGEs-treated rats(P0.01).AG treatment prevented partly mRNA changes.Conclusion PPAR-γ mRNA signaling pathways are in rat kidney cortex.AGEs reduce the expression of PPAR-γ in renal cortex and AG inhibits the effect of AGEs.These results support the notion that modulation of PPAR-γ by AGEs may be relevant to the development of diabetic nephropathy(DN).


Background: Amidst the need for a national program on the control of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) in India, we developed and validated the training material (TM) to upskill the community health workers (CHWs) on prevention, control and screening of COPD in primary healthcare. Aim: To test the effectiveness of TM as to knowledge change, Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) performance and constructive feedback from CHWs. Methods: A one-group quasi-experiment was conducted using universal sampling of all CHWs (n=23) working in the villages of Mulashi block, Pune district India in Aug'2018 with set of questions comprising knowledge about respiratory system, risk factors, prevention and presentations of COPD, a checklist for PEFR measurement and feedback using Likert scale. Results: The mean knowledge about COPD increased significantly among the CHWs immediately after self-reading of TM from 15.7% (SD±24.7%) to 73.1% (SD±27.2%) [p≤0.001] (fig.1). All CHWs reported strong agreement [6.7 on a 7-pointer Likert scale (range 6.3-7.0)] as regards to better understanding of COPD and PEFR (fig.2). CHWs performed all must-to-do steps of PEFR correctly (fig.3). Conclusion: TM is effective to educate CHWs who can disseminate the acquired knowledge among community and undertake screening for COPD. Further research could warrant its integration into CHW induction program in India.


Three brazing alloys which will successfully wet and bond to both BeO and pyrolytic graphite were developed: 93 Ti--7 Ni, 93 Ti--7 Fe, and 53 Ti--47 Cr. Ordinary brazing techniques employing vacuum or inert atmospheres are suitable for effecting BeO-to-pyrolytic graphite bonds with the three brazing alloys. The large differential in thermal expansion between BeO and pyiolytic graphite in the a'' direction resulted in high residual stresses in the brazed joint, and these residual stresses are sufficiently large in many instances to ciack either or both of the base material components. Joint designs were developed which will prevent cracking in small (up to 1/2-in. long) joints, but these designs will not prevent cracking of one or the other of the base materials in longer joints. (auth)


Recent social geography has translated a longstanding interest in crowd behaviour into a growing literature on the relevance of popular culture, collective memory and the spatiality of social life. The emphasis has been on the significance of collective behaviour - in the forms of carnival, riot, festival and procession - as a means of claiming space in a bid to assert identity and resist oppression. These behaviours have been conceptualized as forms of ritual rebellion and are frequently linked with the strategies of marginalized urban minorities. This paper, based on the celebrations of a dominant majority in the rural Borderlands of Scotland, argues that the camivalesque is of wider significance and, in doing so, exposes the relational qualities of marginality and the ambiguity of the mainstream.


Synopsis Despite two decades of research into the earliest Eocène fossils of the Rocky Mountain interior of North America, almost nothing is known of the squamates (lizards and snakes) from this time, nor of the response of this component of the terrestrial biota to climate change near the PalEocène/Eocène boundary. The present study addresses this lacuna. Sixteen squamate species are described in the earliest Eocène (Wa0) Castle Gardens local fauna of the lower‐most Willwood Formation of the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming. These include: two new iguanids, a species similar to Geiseltaliellus on the stem of Corytophaninae (basilisks and relatives) and a polychrotine (anoles and relatives); new stem representatives of the xantusiid (night lizard) clades Lepidophyma and Xantusia; a 'higher' amphisbaenian (worm lizard) of indeterminate affinities; six anguids, including a new species on the stem of Anniella (California legless lizards), a ?stem diploglossine (galliwasps), a ?stem gerrhonotine (alligator lizards) and a new glyptosaurine morphologically intermediate between 'melanosaurins' and Glyptosaurini; a new anguimorph of undetermined affinities; and two species compared to the varanid (monitor lizard) taxon Saniwa. At least seven species at Castle Gardens were recent immigrants. The nearest relatives of one of these is obscure, but the other six (three iguanids, stem Lepidophyma, stem Anniella, ?stem Diploglossinae) have living relatives exclusively or almost exclusively confined to warm and frost‐free (megathermal) parts of the New World. Among lizards, dispersal coincident with climatic warming near the PalEocène/Eocène boundary was predominantly intracontinental. It is argued that when habitat tracking occurs and phylogenetic niche conservatism obtains, species within a clade could migrate in broad concert in response to climate change. Mid‐latitude fossil groups may have contributed directly to the modern tropical biota, making palaeontological data of direct relevance to evaluating historical influences on modern biodiversity patterns.


One of the major findings of the literature on Euroscepticism is that support for European integration generally declines as one moves closer to the extremes of the left-right ideological spectrum. However, in multidimensional policy space, Euroscepticism varies in more complex ways. This article explores the relief of Euroscepticism for citizens in four European states – the Netherlands, Germany, Italy and France – based on data from voting advice applications fielded before the 2019 elections of the European Parliament. The results reveal that the way Euroscepticism maps onto other dimensions differs significantly for citizens and for parties and across political contexts. Such variation is important for understanding how preferences for European integration are embedded into existing structures of political competition.


This paper summarizes the methodology used to measure imperfection and thickness variation for flat and curved panels using a Coordinate Measurement Machine (CMM) and the software program MeasPanel. The objective is to provide a reference document so that someone with a basic understanding of CMM operation can measure a panel with minimal training. Detailed information about both the measurement system setup and computer software is provided. Information is also provided about the format of the raw data, as well as how it is post-processed for use in finite-element analysis.


Although economic growth is regarded as an indicator of the success of an economy and, therefore, an indicator of rising living standards, there is no guarantee that living standards will improve for all members of society unless the benefits derived from economic growth are shared equally. If the wealth generated by economic growth accrues to those at the top of the wealth distribution, levels of inequality will increase. In this paper, I use publicly available data from the World Bank, Credit Suisse, and Forbes Magazine for 11 countries in East Asia/ South East Asia: Cambodia, China, Hong Kong, Japan, Laos, Malaysia, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand, and Vietnam, to examine whether increases in GDP/capita were accompanied by increases in wealth/adult and levels of wealth inequality between 2000 and 2016. In China, Hong Kong, and Vietnam, wealth inequality increased substantially despite, or perhaps due to, the rapid expansion of their economies. In other words, it would appear that the rising tide lifted some boats but swamped others.


NKR‐P1A is a C‐type lectin‐like receptor on natural killer cells believed to be involved in the cytotoxicity of these cells. Ligands for this protein are not known. Here, we describe the binding of a fully sulphated disaccharide, sucrose octasulphate, by the recombinant C‐type lectin‐like domain of NKR‐P1A. The binding was observed by NMR spectroscopy methods that have recently been described for the screening of compound libraries for bioaffinities, namely the 2D NOESY and saturation transfer difference NMR experiments. 1H titration studies indicate that the binding is specific. These findings raise the possibility that NKR‐P1A recognises sulphated natural ligands in common with certain other members of the C‐type lectin family.


Objective To investigate the effect of superoxide dismutase (SOD, the enzyme that accelerates the breakdown of the superoxide anion, O2– to H2O) on nitric oxide (NO)‐mediated and electrical field stimulated (EFS) relaxation in diabetic rabbit cavernosal smooth muscle.


INTRODUCTION
The aim of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a Multi-disciplinary team (MDT) and multi-disciplinary approach in the treatment of Chronic Pelvic Pain (CPP).

METHODS
The data of all consecutive patients referred for a CPP from 11/2016 to 2/2019 has been prospectively collected. The sample was divided in two groups: Group A, made by patients managed after the institution of our MDT, and Group B, made of patients managed before this date. The MDT is composed by three urogynecologists, a psychologist and a physiotherapist. All Group A patients underwent a weekly bladder instillation with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), kinesiotherapy for trigger points and Percutaneous Tibial Nerve Stimulation for 10 consecutive weeks. Patients were asked to perform a self-treatment following the Stanford Protocol and to adhere to a specific diet. All Group B patients were managed only with DMSO instillations and a strict diet.

RESULTS
The Group A was made of 41 females and 6 males while the Group B was made of 38 females and 5 males. The Group A patients showed a statistically significant improvement in the Pelvic Pain Urgency Frequency, in the frequency times reported at the 6 months voiding diary, and a better Patient Global Impression of Improvement.

CONCLUSIONS
Our data support the efficacy of the MDT in the management of CPP. The multimodal approach might represent an effective and reproducible non-invasive option to manage successfully CPP.


Abstract BACKGROUND Embryonal tumor with multilayered rosettes (ETMR) is a rare, highly malignant tumor of the central nervous system and is usually diagnosed in children aged <2 years. Currently, because no defined treatment strategy has been reported, treatment regimens are often extrapolated from other embryonal tumors. Therefore, data collection of ETMR cases is important for further understanding EMTR. Here, we present our experience with four patients with ETMR. MATERIAL AND METHODS Patients with a pathological diagnosis of ETMR from 1999 to 2016 at Saitama Children's Medical Center were included. Their clinical data were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS This study included four cases of ETMR (one male and three females). The mean age at diagnosis was 29.5 (range, 15–37) months. Presenting symptoms included seizure, hemiparesis, vomiting, and headache. The mean maximal tumor diameter was 42.5 mm. The tumor locations included frontal lobe, temporal lobe, occipital lobe, cerebellum, and brainstem. Gross total resection was achieved in two cases. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis demonstrated amplification of 19q13.42 chromosome region in all cases, and diffuse positive expression was observed in the immunohistochemical staining for LIN28A. Systemic postoperative chemotherapy was administered to all patients. Three patients received intrathecal therapy and three were irradiated. The mean overall survival and progression-free survival were 45.3 and 42 months, respectively. Two patients who underwent gross total resection are alive without recurrence. CONCLUSION Complete surgical resection may be an important prognostic factor in patients with ETMR. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm these results.


Five species,Illiciaceae from China, are revised in this paper. Illimuim fargesii Finet et Gagnep. and I. spothulatum Wu are reinstated.L szechuanensis Cheng is recognized as I fargesii Finet et Gagnep。var.szechuanensis(Cheng)Q, Lin。I. brevistylun1 A。C。Smith is reduced to I spothulatum Wu and I modestum A。C。 Smith is reduced to I.micranthum Dunn。 Some provincial new records are reported。


State Governance is a very complicated process,while ultimately the real effective governance will embody the field of institutionalization,that is to say,to solidify it in the form of institution,and then make the state governance harmony and order by objective,operational institution.All the research of institution innovation,institution improvement,measurement of institution performance and difference of institution performance and others among new institutionalism will provide institutionalization of state Governance with valuable reference from the angel of theory and practice.


IgG, Fab′ and IgM antibodies may be effectively dissociated and partitioned from their homologous erythrocyte surface antigens by chaotropic ions. The efficacy of dissociation of antibody is proportional to the chaotropic properties and molar concentration of the ions in the order SCN- τ; I- τ; Cl-. Complete dissociation of 125I-labeled Fab′ anti-erythrocyte antibody can be achieved with moderate concentrations of iodide and thiocyanate. Disruption of antigen-antibody bonds by chaotropic ions is more readily achieved from cell membrane antigens than from solid immunoadsorbents containing a relatively stable antigen such as human IgG. At chaotropic ion concentrations required for maximal dissociation of antibody, significant irreversible denaturation of membrane antigens, but not of antibody or serum protein antigens, is observed. Conformational changes in membrane antigens, possibly resulting from displacement of hydrophobic forces by chaotropic ions, may contribute to the more effective dissociation of antibody from some cell membrane antigens. Purified 125I Fab′ antibodies exhibit specific primary binding and, because of their univalent nature, may be utilized for quantitative and qualitative elucidation of cell surface antigens. The similarity of equilibrium constants observed with differing erythrocytes of similar Rh phenotype suggests a considerable degree of similarity, if not absolute identity of, the D (Rh0) antigen in different individuals. It also appears that these antigen sites are widely spaced on the erythrocyte surface.


Abstract : An experimental study is reported of methods of achieving the highest degree of red sensitization of single crystals and evaporated films of silver bromide. Variations in dye treatment, surface orientation, and surface area all failed to produce a reasonable level of panchromatic sensitization on crystals. The surface area of crystals was too low to allow sufficient dye pick-up for efficient sensitization. With evaporated films, two approaches were tried: (1) screening of various classes of dyes to determine their relative efficiency for sensitizing these materials, and (2) improvement of the initial sensitivity of evaporated film samples by variation of the evaporation parameters. The latter approach proved to be the better. The dye sensitization of evaporated films having an initial sensitivity of ASA 0.1 when removed from the evaporator produced materials having over-all sensitivities of ASA 2 and red sensitivities (through a Wratten 25 filter) of 0.6. Preparation of a material sensitized to an ASA Exposure Index of 10 (5500 K light source) with a Wratten 25 filter factor of not more than 5, is shown to be within reach. (Author)


This paper describes a multiband CMOS chip-set for indirect and direct conversion base station receivers. The chip set consists of a low-noise amplifier (LNA), and a down-converter which includes a passive resistive mixer and a local-oscillator balun. The 0.25-mum CMOS receiver chip set, biased at 3 V, meets normal DCS1800, PCS1900, and Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) base station specifications in heterodyne and homodyne architectures. In a heterodyne architecture, an third-order input intercept point (IIP3) higher than -5 was achieved with a noise figure (NF) lower than 4.5 dB for the complete receiver chain in the DCS1800, PCS1900, and UMTS bands. In a homodyne architecture, IIP3 and second-order input intercept point (IIP2) values better than 0 and 40 dBm, respectively, were achieved for the complete receiver chain in all three bands, with an NF of less than 6 dB. A dedicated DCS1800 heterodyne receiver based on this chip-set was developed, meeting and exceeding the specifications, with a NF of 5.8 dB and IIP3 of 0.4 dBm. This is believed to be the first CMOS receiver chip set that meets second and third-generation base station specifications in indirect and direct conversion architectures.


As the e-learning spreads widely and demands on the internet video service, transmitting video data for many users over the Internet becomes popular. To satisfy this needs, the traditional approach uses a tree structure that uses the video server as the root node. However, this approach has the danger of stopping the video service even when one of the nodes along the path has a some problem. In this paper, we propose a video-on-demand service th at uses multiple paths. We add new paths for backup and speed up for transmitting the video data. We show by simulation exper iments that our approach provides a high-quality of video service.


Studies were made of the effect of alloying elements on the grain boundary embrittlement of commercially pure kon(from electrolytic iron;Ccontent〜0.002 Charpy tests and AES analysis of impurities at grain boundaries. Special reference was made to oxygen as o)ddes. It was found that the improvement of the embrittlement by the addition of C, A1, Mn and Ca is due to the decrease of S concentration at grain boundaries. As a result df the reaction with Mg which is a trace impurity in molten iron, (A1, Mg)ぎ0, possibly MgO・A12030f the cation vacancy type, was formed in the specimens containing A1. On the ba− sis of this result, it was deduced that the diffusion of Mg and AI by cation vacancies easily occur and the preferen− tial nucleation of MgS and AI(N, S)on the outermost MgO・A1203 results in the suppression of grain boundary segregation of S. A similar analysis were made on the effect of Mn and Ca.


On the basis of analysis algorithm and evaluation method of water resources shortage risk,a multi-objective decision-making model for regional water shortage risk and the algorithm for solution are proposed.The model was applied to study the situation of Capital Area in China,including the Beijing City and Tianjin City.The result shows that the South-to-North Water Transfer Project is indispensable for minimizing the risk of water shortage in this area.At the same time other management measures should be also adopted in order to guarantee the sustainable development of regional economy and regional sustainable utilization of water resources.


We consider a programming language with a number of characteristics detrimental to conventional axiomatic descriptions. These include arbitrary side effects in expressions, aliasing among variables, very general recursive function declarations, and the ability to pass functions as parameters and return them as results. We give an axiomatic definition of this language based on a novel formalism. We prove the axiomatization sound and relatively complete with respect to a (somewhat nonstandard) denotational semantics. In spite of the nonstandard formalism, most conventional techniques for developing and reasoning about programs can be carried over. (ABRIDGED)


Social perception deficits are viewed as the most serious of all types of learning disabilities and yet little attention has been given to remediating such deficits. In Part 1 of this two-part article an approach for ameliorating such disabilities based on task analysis and diagnosis and prescription is described. Nonverbal communication skills are task analyzed into step-by-step sequences with a four-stage teaching approach: discrimination of specific social cues, understanding of the social meanings of such cues, appropriate usage of such cues, and application of such cues to actual social problems. In Part 1, teaching activities based on this four-stage approach are given for the nonverbal communication areas of kinesics, or body language. In Part 2, teaching activities for these educationally less familiar nonverbal communication areas will be described: proxemics, or the use of space; vocalics, or the use of prosodic, paralinguistic, and nonlinguistic features; and artifactual cues such as cosmetics and clothing.


Background: The cascade heat pump cycle is used when a large difference between the condensing temperature and the evaporating temperature exist. Methods: This study uses ejectors to improve the performance of a cascade heat pump cycle that utilizes refrigerants R134a and R404a. Ejectors were applied to the high-stage cycle, the low-stage cycle and then to both cycles. Changes in performance according to the condensing temperature, evaporating temperature and ejector entrainment ratio were tracked. Results: Results of the numerical analysis showed that applying ejectors to both the highstage and low-stage cycles provided the greatest efficiency, yielding a 26.9% increase in the COP compared to standard cascade cycles. Conclusion: For COP enhancement, it is beneficial to apply ejectors to both-stage cycles as well as to lower the ejector entrainment ratio as much as possible.


An appropriate level of detail in the microphysical parameterization of clouds and rain cells is essential to the development of realistic atmospheric forward radiative transfer models. Too much detail can inflate computation time and complexity by supporting meaningless degrees of freedom, while too little detail can result in an inadequate model. The particle phase, size distribution, aggregate density, shape, and dielectric constant govern the absorption and scattering properties of a hydrometeor-laden atmosphere. In order to evaluate hydrometeor parameterizations for wideband (10-325 GHz) RT modelling a statistical comparison was performed between brightness temperatures observed over a mature oceanic convective storm and those calculated for a similar storm using two- and five-phase hydrometeor parameterizations in a planar-stratified RT model. While general agreement is obtained, the comparisons suggest that neither the two-phase nor five-phase model is entirely satisfactory for wideband brightness temperature simulations.<<ETX>>


The base isolation systems set sight on mitigating the effects of forces triggered by an earthquake through neutralizing the interaction between building and ground by means of earthquake isolators. This study aims to determine the effects of base isolation systems on the earthquake response of a high-rise building. In the content of the study firstly the high-rise building is designed for different sized isolators under the framework of earthquake isolator technique, and then scrutinize the earthquake response of the same building by comparing its configurations equipped with different sized isolators and fixed support. The building has 122.5 m tall and 35 stories and 16×20 m habitable inner space, which is properly considered in line with vertical settlement movement widely seen in the world metropolises, is punctiliously designed and diffusively probed within the concept of fixed support. During the following stage, 2 different diameter size of 21 cm. tall lead rubber bearings are added to the structure, its unpredictable behaviors and forces transferred to the building under 1999 Kocaeli Earthquake highlighted from the study that LRB systems provide better structural response to building compared to fixed system, and then the critical parameters such as acceleration, lateral displacements, base and shear forces are compared with each other. Figs.: 9. Table 1. Refs.: 13 titles.


This article presents a unified theory of fiduciary relationships based on the fundamental legal axiom that one may not contract with oneself. It characterizes fiduciary law as a law that imposes a duty of loyalty — an ethical duty to act solely for the sake of others — as a legally enforceable duty on a person (the fiduciary) forming a relationship with another (the beneficiary) that is socially desirable but would degenerate into a contract with oneself were that relationship contractually sustained. This article shows how the law solves this apparent muddling of ethics and law by placing the burden of proof on accused fiduciaries and relying on their unauthorized gains as verifiable lower-bound measures of beneficiaries' lost expectations. It concludes, however, that fiduciary law's primary function is not to replace but to complement ethics with law.


TV monitor system plays an important role in the advanced traffic management. It can timely transfer the pictures of the main junctions to the command control center. For the intelligent control, the key point is that the operators in the command control center can find the reasons of the congestion promptly and deat with the conjunction in time. In this case, cameras require using to trach the congestion roads, this paper illustrates the monitor theory, the methods of analysis and process and the flow chart of the software program, based on the structure of the system.


As the use of fabrics containing spandex for apparel applications is expanding, developing eco-friendly technologies to recycle the industrial as well as post-consumer waste for spandex blended fabrics becomes increasingly important. As is known in the industry and demonstrated in this study, spandex may be removed from blended fabrics by dissolving it in solvents such as N,N-dimethylformamide, but the use of such solvents is undesirable for economical and environmental reasons. The main focus of this study was to develop an alternative process for removing the spandex component in a nylon/spandex blended fabric (NSBF) by selective degradation so that the nylon component can be recovered for recycling. In this process, the fabric first underwent a heat treatment step, followed by a washing process. For the heat treatment, the effect of temperature, water-to-fabric ratio, and pressure were studied. Treatment at 220℃ for 2 hours under atmospheric pressure was found to be very effective, allowing the degraded spandex residues to be readily washed off in ethanol, while the nylon component retained its original morphology. With the removal of spandex in NSBF, a decrease in -CON- absorption peaks in the Fourier transform infrared–attenuated total reflectance spectra of the fabrics was observed.


During the survey period there were several significant developments in Indiana taxation. In the property tax area, the Indiana General Assembly directed the Indiana State Board of Tax Commissioners to study the property tax system. The legislature also created a special committee to study the reassessment process. Litigation challenging the very foundations of the property tax system was initiated as well. Just as important, however, are the developments involving the jurisdiction of the Indiana Tax Court. Even though the Indiana Tax Court is entering its fifth year, questions about its jurisdiction are still being resolved. In 1990, both the Indiana Supreme Court and the Indiana General Assembly limited the Indiana Tax Court's jurisdiction to some degree. Section II of this Article analyzes the Indiana Tax Court's jurisdiction, including a discussion of the recent jurisdictional changes. Recommendations are made to the Indiana General Assembly for improving the Indiana Tax Court's jurisdiction. Section III of this Article analyzes developments in the property tax area, focusing on the critical review of property taxation that is underway.


In this study, the electrical conductivity and shielding effect were evaluated according to the type of metal and the thickness of Metal sprayed coating. The metals used for the test are Cu, Cu-Ni and Cu-Zn, and the thicknesses were 100, 200, 500 um. Each metal sprayed coating was evaluated for electrical conductivity and electromagnetic shielding effect. When the thickness was 200 μm or more, shielding effect 80 dB or more was satisfied at 1 GHz. However, in the case of Cu-Ni, there is little electrical conductivity at a thickness of 100 um or less due to the generated voids, and electromagnetic wave shielding performance cannot be expected. Therefore, To ensure electromagnetic shielding effect of structures, it is considered that the minimum thickness of metal spraying coating should be 200 um.


A series of quasi-multilayer films of YBCO/YSZ is prepared by means of pulsed laser deposition (PLD). X-ray diffraction measurements reveal that a chemical reaction takes place in YSZ-doped films, leading to a heterogeneous BaZrO3 perovskite phase. The presence of the second Jc peak observed from the angular dependence of Jc at H∥c implies that the c-axis correlated defects increase due to a lattice mismatch induced by YSZ doping. The quasi-multilayers with a low doping content may show an increased flux pinning force density and then enhanced Jc in high magnetic fields, leading to a crossover behaviour in Jc–H curves compared with the pure YBCO thin film. Furthermore, a strong temperature dependence of such a crossover behaviour is observed. As the temperature increases, the artificial tailoring of flux pinning may appear clearer since the mixed vortex state moves towards the region of weak vortex glass and vortex liquid.


Abstract:  Introduction:  Unexpected intraoperative findings are not rare in surgical practice. Meckel's diverticulum with a mass is one such example. There are only two previously reported cases of Meckel's in transplantation, and neither involved pancreas transplant.


The cortical effects were studied in rats with abnormal pain. The spinal pain syndrome was induced by a generator of abnormally enhanced excitation in spinal dorsal cord. Hyperactivation of the somatosensory cortex was caused with penicillin. Cortical hyperactivation was shown to lead to the suppression of the pain syndrome.


With "dot-bombs" falling across North America and Europe, analysts who only a year ago were heralding the New Economy's wonders are searching for ways to explain the crash. In the summer of 2001, new statistics on the number of Internet users worldwide suggested that despite the futurehype regarding the Net, at present there just aren't enough users to support the number of companies pinning their hopes to the Net. In June, the Nielsen/NetRatings' Global Internet Trends report found that about 429 million people worldwide have Internet access (Kelsey 2001). This is a small number in comparison with the current world population of over 6.1 billion.


Education in the life sciences prepares the future generation of policy makers, researchers, professionals, technicians and innovative farmers and entrepreneurs in the areas of food and food production, the living environment and health, lifestyle and livelihood. Learning, however, does not only occur within the context of the formal systems for education in the life sciences but also in informal and work-related settings in the sector. Both categories of learning environments play a crucial role in competence development processes of individual learners. Competence-based educational philosophies have been adopted and implemented in many countries around the world, especially in vocational and higher education. In this respect, competence-based learning implies the integrated development of knowledge, attitudes and skills in relation to specific contexts, derived from professional practice. This special issue explores characteristics and effects of formal and informal competence-based learning environments in the domain of the life sciences. In other words, the special issue examines to what extent competence-based learning environments foster competence development processes and what underlying design principles or aspects determine the effects of these learning environments. Therefore, case descriptions of the design and implementation of competence-based learning environments should be accompanied by empirical research on the effects of the particular learning environments.


c INCE the nurse viewpoint of the treatment of patients under the Veterans' Bureau is considered sufflciently important to be discussed, it is a matter of regret that the chief nurses of the hospitals have not been summoned to this important conference. The nursing subject comes directly under the commanding officers of the hospitals, but in presenting the more intimate views of the nurses, the opinions of the chief nurses would be more helpful than the opinions expressed through the medium of the superintendent, whose knowledge of the situation is obtained from reports. Letters have been sent to the variou;s chief nurses requesting definite information on this subjzt and asking if any particular presentation could be made to this important body which would be helpful to them in their care of the ex-service men. In the naval hospitals, which have had the greatest success in treating the service beneficiaries, the commanding officers have put a frank presentation of the situation to the patientsS pointing out the necessity for certain restrictions and discipline, and urging cooperation. This preliminary presentation by the commanding offlcers when followed by the kind, yet firm, supervision of the ward officers and also by the tactful, helpful attitude of the nurses, who in turn cooperatewith the welfare and vocational workers, in time break down the attitude of opposition, resentment, and destrlletive criticism which many patients have when first hospitalized. The chief nurses have stated that the care of these patients means only "more patients." There is no special problem in dealing with them under the above conditions. It would seem, therefore, that the problem, as has already been pointed out, exists chiefly in the United States Public Health Hospitals where the greater number of patients from the Veterans' Bureau are receiving care and treatment. A large percentage of these patients would correspond to our navzsr ambulant cases. Among the remainder, the neuro-psychiatric and tuberculosis patients predominate and it must be accepted that the intelligent care of these patients rs quires additional instruction and greater experience than are obtainable in the usual course of training.


A 56-year-old man presented following a right middle cerebral artery territory infarction (figure). In addition to left hemiparesis and neglect, he was unable to close his left eye on command (video at Neurology.org), though he was able to blink spontaneously and keep his eyes closed during sleep. He could maintain closure of both eyes once manually closed. Apraxia of eyelid closure is distinguished clinically from eyelid closure weakness by ability to blink reflexively and maintain eyelid closure. Activation of the oculomotor cortex has been associated with voluntary eyelid closure and lesions in right frontal and parietal lobes with eyelid closure apraxia.1,2


The flight from Heathrow to Jan Smuts finds m e unslept for 48 hours, speeding on National Health Dexedrine and a hundred caps of acid hid in a condom, like a severed finger up m e ass - wouldn't you, Bull Hubbard, indeed?...


Nowadays, robust and light-weight parts used in the automobile and aeronautics industry are made of carbon fibres. To increase the mechanical toughness of the parts the carbon fibres are stitched in the preforming process using a sewing robot. However, current systems miss high flexibility and rely on manual programming of each part. The main target of this work is to develop an automatic system that autonomously sets the structure strengthening seams. Therefore, a rapid and flexible following of the carbon textile edges is required. Due to the black and reflective carbon fibres a laser-stripe sensor is necessary and the processing of the range data is a challenging task. The paper proposes a real time approach where different edge detection methodologies are combined in a voting scheme to increase the edge tracking robustness. The experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of a fully automated, sensor-guided robotic sewing process. The seam can be located to within 0.65mm at a detection rate of 99.3% for individual scans.


Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) regulates many processes associated with tumor initiation and progression including proliferation, differentiation, migration, cell survival, angiogenesis, and immunosurveillance. The TGF-β signal is transduced by a membrane-bound serine-threonine kinase receptor complex including TGF-β type I and type II receptors. Germline variations in the gene for transforming growth factor beta receptor 1(TGFβR1), a G-to-A single nucleotide polymorphism within intron 7 of the TGFβR1 gene called Int7G24A, and TGFβR1*6A, a nine base pair deletion that occurs in the coding region in exon 1 of the TGFβR1 gene, have been associated with progression and/or initiation of cancers of the kidney and bladder, lung, and breast; however, the association of TGFβR1*6A and Int7G24A with colon cancer is controversial. Approximately 141,000 new cases of colorectal cancer (CRC) will be diagnosed in the US during 2012 and there will be more than 69,000 CRC related deaths. Detection of CRC at early stages is the key to survival, hence we sought to determine a possible association of TGFβR1*6A and Int7G24A with CRC risk. These two germline variants in TGFβR1 were analyzed by capillary electrophoresis in DNA extracted from FFPE archived specimens of normal tissues from 253 patients with colorectal neoplasms and 219 patients who never developed any form of cancer. We found that 46.5% of patients with CIS (stage 0), 46.7% of patients with invasive CRC (Stages I & II) and 46.7% of patients with metastatic CRC (Stages III & IV) were carriers of Int7G24A, compared to 24.7% of patients without any cancer, and this difference was highly significant (p Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1153. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1153


Deficiency of selenium is a significant factor in development of many diseases. Khabarovsk region is selenium deficit biogeochemical province with a low consumption level of selenium. The selenium status in practically healthy inhabitants of the Khabarovsk region is studied, selenium deficit is apparent, correction is necessary.


The current study evaluates antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticancer activity of the ethanol extract of Pleurotus ostreatus . Chemical analysis showed the presence of alcohol, amides, alkanes, ether, phenol and sulphides. Most of the chemical constituents were found to be esters and carboxylic acid derivatives. The extract showed highest resistant against Bacillus cereus. P. ostreatus ethanol extract showed comparable antioxidant activity with ascorbic acid in both DPPH and FRAP method and also showed an IC 50 of 39.29 μg/ml against HL60 cells.


This paper considers improved IGM (Iterative Guidance Mode), one of the explicit guidance algorithms, to determine the guidance algorithm for upper stages of a space launch vehicle. IGM, which has been employed successfully for the Saturn to put its payload into the parking orbit and lunar transfer orbit, is applied here for guidance of the launcher during the second and third stages. The orbit injection accuracy is evaluated through the 3-DOF computer simulations and an accurate prediction method, which can eliminate the prediction error of the downrange position at the orbit injection, is also proposed here.


Background: In real life, nutrition goes beyond purely biological domains. Primary prevention is the most efficient approach for reducing the risk of mortality. We aimed to study the association of lifestyle, as measured by a modified World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (mWCRF/AICR) scoring system with all-cause, digestive system disease-related (DSD-related), cardiovascular disease-related (CVD-related), cancer–related and other cause-related mortality using data from two population-based cohort studies conducted in Southern Italy. Methods: A random sample of 5271 subjects aged 18 years or older was enrolled in 2005–2006 and followed up until 2020. Usual food intakes were estimated using a validated dietary questionnaire. Competing risks survival models were applied. Results: High adherence to the mWCRF/AICR score was found to be statistically significant and negatively associated with all-cause mortality (HR 0.56, 95%CI 0.39; 0.82), DSD-related mortality (SHR 0.38, 95%CI 0.15; 0.97) and cancer-related mortality (SHR 0.43, 95%CI 0.19; 0.97) in the male sub-cohort and other-cause mortality (SHR 0.43, 95%CI 0.21; 0.88) only in the female group. Conclusions: This mWCRF/AICR score can be seen as a simple, easy tool for use in clinical practice to evaluate both qualitative and quantitative aspects of the diet.


This study was conducted to investigate effects of shrink film treatment as a covering material (plastic shrink film or without), extended storage (5, 10, 15 or 20 d) and temperature (room or refrigerator) and on internal and external table egg quality. Freshly laid eggs (n:480) were collected, randomized, weighed, pointed out numerically and divided into four groups of 120 eggs to test the length of egg storage treatments for 5, 10, 15 or 20 d. Eggs in each egg storage treatment group were randomized and allocated into two groups (with or without shrink film) of 60 eggs to test the effect of covering material. Then, eggs were stored at room (18-20 C) or refrigeration (4-6 C) temperature conditions. Significant differences were observed for all internal and external egg quality traits related with the length of storage time and temperature. The internal quality worsened by the prolonged storage particularly when the eggs were stored at room temperature. Shrink film treatment were significantly affected egg weight loss during storage and yolk index. As conclusion, table eggs should be storage in refrigeration temperatüre with shrink film and shorter time as soon as possible to improve food safety.


The advent of globalization has brought innovation to business and development to the world in general. This development is also pronounced in the banking sector where internet facilities are used to bring about better banking services thereby leading to the achievement of the one of the cardinal goals of the Millennium Development Goals. This study investigated some factors that can influence the intention to use internet banking among undergraduates in a private university in Oyo, Oyo State, Nigeria. The subjects were made up of students from a private university drawn from three faculties. The study employed survey research with questionnaire used as data collection instrument. Three hundred and fifty-seven subjects cutting across different departments in the university. Five hypotheses were tested using multiple regression, correlation analysis and t-test. The study revealed that the six factors (triability, capability, compatibility, perceived risk, perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness) used in this study had positive significant relationship with the intention to use internet banking. These factors also influenced the intention to use internet banking. Based on the findings of this study, it was recommended among others that banks in Nigeria should take into consideration technological development of the country when introducing innovative services. The banks should also consider the level of education before the introduction of world class technology. Keywords : Perceived usefulness, perceived risk, triability, capability, intention to use


On 2D newest vertex bisection: Optimality of mesh-closure and H 1-stability of L 2-projection Inverse estimates for elliptic integral operators and application to the adaptive coupling of FEM and BEM 06/2012 Quasi-optimal a priori estimates for fluxes in mixed finite element methods and applications to the Stokes-Darcy coupling 04/2012 M. Langer, H. Woracek Indefinite Hamiltonian systems whose Titchmarsh-Weyl coefficients have no finite generalized poles of non-negativity type 03/2012 Abstract We study two-dimensional Hamiltonian systems of the form (*) y ′ (x) = zJH(x)y(x), x ∈ [s−, s+), where the Hamiltonian H is locally integrable on [s−, s+) and nonnegative, and J := 0 −1 1 0. The spectral theory of the equation changes depending on the growth of H towards the endpoint s+; the classical distinction into the Weyl alternatives 'limit point' or 'limit circle' case. A refined measure for the growth of a limit point Hamiltonian H can be obtained by comparing with H-polynomials. This growth measure is instanciated by a number ∆(H) ∈ N0 ∪ {∞} and appeared first in connection with a Pontryagin space analogue of the equation (*). It is known that the growth restriction '∆(H) < ∞' has some striking consequences on the spectral theory of the equation; in many respects, the case 'limit point but still ∆(H) < ∞' is similar to the limit circle case. In general, the number ∆(H) is given in a rather implicit way, difficult to handle and not suitable for concrete calculations. In the present paper we provide a more accessible way to compute ∆(H) for some particular classes of Hamiltonians which occur in connection with Sturm-Liouville equations and Kre˘ ın strings.


While soundscape as a field continues to grow, there remain few opportunities to put its ideas into practice, evidenced by the lack of cities embracing soundscape approaches. Moreover, without reaching broader audiences who make key decisions on urban environments, the application of soundscape theories will be hindered. A meta-analysis is presented providing converging evidence for the influence of urban activity (i.e. an observable behavior) on soundscape evaluation from the perspective of city users. A review across literatures from urbanism to environmental psychology supports the analysis. Three studies conducted by the authors each focused on urban activities in various ways. The first is a series of interviews with urban planners, addressing the gaps between planners and soundscape researchers. Questions were posed about how they plan for sound and other factors, including how activity plays a role in their plans. Results show that, while planners primarily focus on the negative aspects of sound (i.e. sounds are only capable of interrupting relaxation), they describe non-sound topics in a more resource-oriented way, utilizing activity or quality-of-life justifications positively for intervention. The second study varied (envisioned) activity while collecting evaluations of soundscape appropriateness. The results show a strong effect of activity on appropriateness across varied urban soundscapes. The third study was carried out using the so-called experience sampling method (ESM) where momentary (i.e. in-themoment), in-situ soundscape evaluations were collected at various points of the day along with data on activity-at-hand, mood, and cognitive effort. The ESM study reveals that activity has a significant effect on pleasantness and further influences mood, attention, and effort. Besides contributing generally toward a theory of soundscape evaluation, our findings on the role of activity point toward further justification of the importance of soundscape over physical measurements in urban planning and design and provide a common link to achieve cross-disciplinary synthesis.


The Curie transition, even though the conformational change at the Curie transition primarily arises from intermolecular interaction, is highly dependent on the crystallization conditions. A slower cooling rate from the melt during paraelectric crystallization lowers Tc, increases the portion of Fβ at the expense of Fα reduction, and produces a more unstable ferroelectric phase. T is rarely dependent upon the amount of PMMA, but T is increased with the PMMA content. PMMA has a favorable action in forming a more stable ferroelectric phase in the P(VDF/TrFE)/PMMA blend and elevating the Curie transition point because of the all-trans sequence conformation of PMMA and a specific intermolecular interaction with P(VDF/TrFE) in the melt state. However, PMMA reduces the total amount of the crystalline phase, the electric response, and the piezoelectricity. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


An ECU executes a program including: steps (S100, S110) of detecting an SOC and a temperature TB of a traction battery; when an EV switch is on (YES in S120), a step (S130) of calculating a temperature correction coefficient ± (1) from TB; when EV switch not on (NO in S120), a step (S150) of calculating a temperature correction coefficient ± (2) from TB; steps (S140, S160) of calculating an EV traveling allowed power value WOUT based on the SOC and the temperature correction coefficients; and a step (S170) of transmitting EV traveling allowed power value WOUT to a meter ECU in order to indicate EV traveling allowed power value WOUT on a power meter.


OBJECTIVE To investigate the hospitalization rate and its influencing factors in elderly in Nanhui District of Shanghai. METHODS By using three-stage stratified random sampling and logistic regression analysis. RESULTS The hospitalization rate of the elderly was 16.8%, and the non-hospitalization rate of was 30.0%. 44.2% of them were hospitalized in community health services center. Hospitalized service utilization was influenced by sex, literacy, accessibility to health care and health status of the elderly. CONCLUSION Strengthening the building of community health services center to improve accessibility and quality; Innovating the form of services to facilitate the elderly access to hospital services.


The presence of Brevipalpus lewisi (Trombidiformes: Tenuipalpidae) is reported from South Africa for the first time. Previously this mite was a listed phytosanitary pest to South Africa, and entry of infested goods was prohibited. During a country-wide survey, B. lewisi was found on grapevine in the Western Cape and Northern Cape provinces. It has not been found in other provinces or on other crops, most notably on citrus, on which it is considered a pest in other countries. Brevipalpus lewisi was regularly collected together with several other mite species, including predatory species. Other Brevipalpus species collected were B. californicus and B. obovatus on grapevine and citrus and B. yothersi on grapevine.


In literary works, specifically movies, a character is one of the important elements. The development of this character is also important in supporting the storyline in a movie. Character development can be influenced by many factors. Therefore, this paper aims to find out what factors influence the character development and how these factors influence the character development of the main character in the movie. This study uses a qualitative method with sources from the original Flipped video and uses data collection techniques from online sources using the theory of family pattern of interactions by Guralnick. The results of this study indicate that: (1) 12 data indicate the factor that influences the character development of Bryce Loski and Juli Baker, the main character of the Flipped movie, is the family interaction factor. (2) Character development of Bryce Loski and Juli Baker is influenced through Parent-Child Transactions, Family-Orchestrated Child Experiences, and Health and Safety Provided by Family


To reduce the effect brought by variation of pose, a face recognition system is proposed, in which the correlation between two faces by probabilistic models is computed and the gallery is extended with profile faces generated by a regression-based method. Each face is divided into 3 × 3 regions, and by measuring the distance between the two corresponding regions the distributions of similarities are learned and Bayesian models are formed for each region. These probabilistic models are used to determine whether two faces belong to the same subject. Besides, the gallery is expanded with profile facial images. With this approach, the landmarks on non-frontal faces can be estimated from their frontal landmarks by the mappings learned offline via kernel rank reduced regression KRRR. Then the profile images are achieved by piecewise affine warping from the corresponding frontal face. Experiments indicate the proposed method performed well, especially when the head rotation angle is large.


Cheddar cheeses containing half the normal amount of fat were made in triplicate, with the pH of curd at whey drainage being 5.85, 6.00, 6.15, or 6.30. The resulting cheeses were refrigerated at 4°C for 30 d and at 10°C thereafter, and were analyzed over a 36-wk period. Reducing the drainage pH resulted in significant reductions in the levels of moisture, moisture in nonfat substance, and calcium level, and significant increases in protein and fat content. Simultaneously, cheeses became more crumbly (lower cohesiveness and shear strain) but also harder and stiffer (higher hardness and shear rigidity) as the pH at whey drainage was reduced. In contrast, the curd pH at whey drainage did not affect the cooking properties (meltability and stretchability) of the cheese. The results indicate that variation of pH at whey drainage will provide cheesemakers with a means of altering the composition and texture of Cheddar cheese.


The present invention relates to a method for implementing a card reading operation of the reader and the system for implementing the operation. Card reading operation implemented method comprising: card reading means read range is set, transmitting a first radio frequency test signal, within a mobile terminal having a dual SIM card into the reader read range setting means, receiving the first the radio frequency test signal and detecting field strength; dual SIM card field strength compared with the threshold value stored by the card a first radio frequency test signal, if the card is larger than the threshold, then the self-identity information by the first a second frequency radio signal transmission; reader means for receiving a second radio frequency signal to obtain dual SIM card identity information, which is transmitted at a first frequency signal; dual SIM card receives a first clock signal and obtain identity information , and identity information stored by the comparison, if the agreement allows the reader. The present invention guarantees the accuracy of the distance control card reading operation, a card reading operation to improve the reliability.


: Based on precipitation and temperature data for the upper reaches of the Kaidu River Basin from 1958 to 2013 and MODIS ( Moderate- resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer ) snow product data MOD10A2 from 2001 to 2013 , we investigated snow coverage dynamics and trends in different seasons and regions using linear regression analysis and non-parametric Mann-Kendall tests from 2001 to 2013. Trends in climate change between precipitation and temperature were analyzed over the past 50 years and correlation analysis between precipitation , temperature and snow coverage data was conducted. We found that all elevation zones show decreasing trends , except for B ( 2000~2900 m ) for which the increasing trend was the main focus. In the whole study zone and all elevation zones except for D ( 3800~4794m ), changes in snow coverage are common single-peak curves in the whole year. The maximum value for snow coverage occurred in winter and the minimum in summer. However , D shows a double- peak curve. Its peak occurred in November and April , and the valley occurred in February. The increasing trend is significant and obvious for annual snow coverage of B in autumn. For other elevation zones , a decreasing trend is dominant. There is a central trend from A ( 1098~2000m ), C ( 2900~3800m ) and D to B. Obvious correlations between snow coverage and precipitation in winter and temperature in spring are clear. There may be an increasing run-off and flood frequency in spring. words


Sherborne Developmental Movement (SDM) is a unique body awareness and relationship program based on principles of Rudolf Laban's movement analysis (Sherborne, 2001). Laban created a system for observing, describing, and understanding of all forms of movement with regard to four major categories: body, effort, space and shape, connected by relationships (Bernardet et al., 2019). Sherborne took these concepts and created SDM specifically for mainstream children, children with special needs, and pre-school children. This paper will introduce the reader to SDM and how the model may be particularly helpful for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Subscribe to Palaestra


Incremental updating of a Spatio-Temporal Data Base (STDB) means that master spatial data set is updated when any change (geometric or thematic) occurs, the changes can be recorded, updated and provided successively to users. During this process, a set of editing operations is needed to add, delete or amend spatial objects. As traditional manual operations are labor-intensive and even error–prone, it is necessary to develop a method to automate or semiautomate these editing operations. This requires the automatic identification of spatial changes, trigging appropriate editing operations, solving problems of spatial conflicts and checking the consistency of the records. Since the spatial changes are caused by the external events taking place in the geographic world and editing operations are caused by the spatial changes, the editing operations may be directly triggered by the external events. Based on this cognition, a new approach of STDB's automatic incremental updating is proposed. This approach is named as Event-Driven Incremental Updating (E-DIU). The method of E-DIU is based on the relationship among the external events, spatial changes and the internal database operations, the spatial change types of the objects involved in the event are identified by the external event and the topological relationship between the objects before and after the event. The database updating operations are determined by the spatial change types. So the authors analysed the relationship among the external events, spatial changes and the internal database operations at first, then designed a total architecture of E-DIU implementation and described the process of the E-DIU of the master STDB in this paper. An example is given to illustrate this approach in the end of this paper.


Emphasis, by means of either pitch accents or beat gestures (rhythmic co-verbal gestures with no semantic meaning), has been shown to serve two main purposes in human communication: syntactic disambiguation and salience. To use beat gestures in this role, interlocutors must be able to integrate them with the speech they accompany. Whether such integration is possible when the multi-modal communication information is produced by a humanoid robot, and whether it is as efficient as for human communicators, are questions that need to be answered to further understanding of the efficacy of humanoid robots for naturalistic human-like communication. Here, we present an experiment which, using a fully within subjects design, shows that there is a marked difference in speech and gesture integration between human and robot communicators, being significantly less effective for the robot. In contrast to beat gestures, the effects of speech emphasis are the same whether that speech is played through a robot or as part of a video of a human. Thus, while integration of speech emphasis and verbal information do occur for robot communicators, integration of non-informative beat gestures and verbal information does not, despite comparable timing and motion profiles to human gestures. Categories and Subject Descriptors H.1.2 [Models and Principles]: User/Machine Systems—human factors, software psychology; H.5.2 [Information Interfaces and Presentation]: User Interfaces—evalua-tion/methodology, user-centered design


The development of sharia tourism has a multidimensional impact. One of them is employment and poverty alleviation, especially in Ponorogo, considering that is the 11th largest city contributing to Indonesian migrant workers. The development of the sharia tourism business is increasingly attractive, because the Ponorogo community is a pluralistic society, which embraces a variety of cultures, religions and creeds. So that the role of local government as a leading sector is needed to determine the planning and development of regional sharia tourism. For that we need the right strategy in the development of Islamic tourism in accordance with the characteristics of Ponorogo. In the formulation of the right strategy, data from Muslim, non-Muslim and local government communities is needed. The data is analyzed by the SWOT technique which is supported by internal and external factors. With the result has the potential in the development of sharia tourism considering there are still many natural tourism objects that have not been touched and developed by the community or local government. The development of Islamic tourism is approved by Muslim, non-Muslim communities, while maintaining their respective religious sites. The strategy generated from the SWOT analysis formed a map diagram of the development of sharia tourism business in Ponorogo.


The results of the use of thermally modified kieselguhr sludge from the production of vegetable oils (TKSH500) of the initial and activated with a 30 % solution of nitric acid (TKSH500k) and 1M sodium hydroxide solution (TKSH500sh) for purification of model solutions from the dye methylene blue (MB) are presented. The maximum activating effect was achieved as a result of acid treatment, which leads to a 38 % increase in the total acidity of the sorption material in comparison with the initial one. It is shown that the sorption isotherms of the dye on the initial and activated samples of TKSH500 have an S-shaped form. In the region of low dye concentrations, a monolayer is formed; with an increase in the dye content, sorption becomes polymolecular. Analysis of the IR spectra of sorption materials after adsorption of the MB dye showed a shift to the low-frequency region of the positions of the bands in the regions corresponding to the vibrations of the O–H and C = O bonds, which indicates the ionization of hydroxyl and carboxyl groups present in the sorption materials, and the formation of a bond between them and the MB molecule.


We analyzed cDNA libraries from developing endosperm of the B73 maize inbred line to evaluate the expression of storage protein genes. This study showed that zeins are by far the most highly expressed genes in the endosperm, but we found an inverse relationship between the number of zein genes and the relative amount of specific mRNAs. Although α-zeins are encoded by large multigene families, only a few of these genes are transcribed at high or detectable levels. In contrast, relatively small gene families encode the γ- and δ-zeins, and members of these gene families, especially the γ-zeins, are highly expressed. Knowledge of expressed storage protein genes allowed the development of DNA and antibody probes that distinguish between closely related gene family members. Using in situ hybridization, we found differences in the temporal and spatial expression of the α-, γ-, and δ-zein gene families, which provides evidence that γ-zeins are synthesized throughout the endosperm before α- and δ-zeins. This observation is consistent with earlier studies that suggested that γ-zeins play an important role in prolamin protein body assembly. Analysis of endosperm cDNAs also revealed several previously unidentified proteins, including a 50-kD γ-zein, an 18-kD α-globulin, and a legumin-related protein. Immunolocalization of the 50-kD γ-zein showed this protein to be located at the surface of prolamin-containing protein bodies, similar to other γ-zeins. The 18-kD α-globulin, however, is deposited in novel, vacuole-like organelles that were not described previously in maize endosperm.


In this paper all rings have identity and all morphisms preserve the identity. We shall assume familiarity with the Pierce Sheaf (cf. [12] for a detailed treatment and [5, Chapter 1] for a summary) k(R) of a ring R over X(R), the Stone space of the Boolean algebra B(R) of all central idempotents of R. (X(R) is also called the Boolean spectrum of R.) There is a canonical isomorphism R -= F(X(R), k(R)) that represents any ring R as the ring of all global sections of k(R) over X(R). For any Boolean space X, ring F with the discrete topology, and families {Ca: a .} and {F: a } of closed subsets of X and subrings of F, let (X, F; {(X,, F,): a }) denote the ring of all continuous functions f: XF such that f(C)_ F,, for all


The term leadership has been dissected, analyzed and even quantified over numerous years. Leadership in STEM has also been extensively researched. Its results are used to educate and guide decision and to enact policies. However, despite the abundance of literature available on leadership and STEM in general, research falls short when it comes to examining leadership characteristics and its relationship to broadening participation at institutions of higher education, specifically Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs). Of special interest is the growing awareness that HBCUs have been producing high percentages of STEM graduates for many years. CASL, the Center for Advancement of STEM Leadership, aims to discover the leadership styles, characteristics and practices that may be influencing the large production of STEM graduates from HBCUs and contribute to the general body of knowledge on leadership. Semi-structured interviews served as the source of data from HBCU leaders' perspectives. The results of this analysis will assist with increasing the general population's awareness and knowledge of the impact of HBCUs' leadership on broadening participation in STEM. The results also inform leaders of educational institutions across the nation regarding the benefits of exploring, or implementing, uncovered leadership styles and practices to broaden participation in STEM.


This thesis presents a new type of polypropylene (PP) cellular material fabricated through a simple melt-stretching process. Stochastic honeycombs have an open cell, random honeycomb structure, with webs oriented perpendicular to built-in skins. This process has the advantage that, for example, PP pellets can be turned into a sandwich panel in one step. It was demonstrated that despite the randomness in the web structure, the out-of-plane compressive strength of stochastic honeycombs was repeatable, and exceeded that of commercial PP foams and was comparable to commercial PP honeycombs. The key material properties required to produce an this architecture were shown to be a high melt strength and a high viscosity, branched polymer. The viscosity was shown to affect the total length of the webs in cross-section and the relative partitioning of material through the skin, transition region and webs. Web thickness was affected by the areal density of the polymer during fabrication. Mechanical testing methods were adapted from ASTM standards for honeycombs, and the fabrication method was advanced from a manual to a machine controlled process. Stochastic honeycombs were shown to buckle elastically, plastically, and fracture after the peak strength. Elastic and plastic buckling were dominant at lower densities, and plastic buckling and fracture at higher densities. A thin-plate buckling model for the strength of stochastic honeycombs was developed and verified experimentally. The crystallinity of the polymer affected the tensile strength and stiffness, having a linear effect on the buckling strength. The architecture was composed of webs bound on both sides and webs bound on one side and free on the other. A greater fraction of bound webs increased the strength of the structure in the buckling model. A fabrication study showed that meltstretching the polymer at higher strain rates increased the connectivity and fraction of bound webs. Additionally, higher density led to a less connected structure. Energy absorption could be improved if the drop in stress from the peak to valley strength was minimized. Higher melt-stretching rates during fabrication increased the energy absorbed, and higher viscosity polymers minimized the drop from peak to valley, also increasing the absorbed energy.