White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is a double stranded DNA virus that causes WSS diseases for many crustaceans including the Penaeidae family shrimp. In this study, standard DNA for detection and quantification of WSSV by real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) method was created. A specific gene fragment of 126 bp from WSSV genome was successfully amplified by PCR and cloned into pGEM-T vector. qPCR calibration curves using the created recombinant pGEM vector harboring 126 bp gene fragment as the standard DNA at concentrations of 3x102 to 3x108 copies/mL showed to have good linear regression with an efficiency of 99.1%, correlation coefficient R2 of 0.998 and the slope of -3.344. The recombinant vector was also used as a positive standard for detection and quantification of WSSV in a number of WSSV-infected shrimp samples and the values ranging from 3.69x103 copies/mL to 1.25x108 copies/mL WSSV were found in the collected samples.


In recent years an increasing interest is observed with respect to subcritical, accelerator driven systems (ADS), for their possible role in future nuclear energy scenarios, as actinide (Pu and MA) incinerators, and/or as claimed energy plants with potential enhanced safety characteristics. Important research programs are devoted to the various related fields of research. Extensive studies on the ADS behavior under incidental conditions are in particular made, for verifying their claimed advantage, under the safety point of view, with respect to the corresponding critical reactors. Related medium and long range scenarios are being considered to cope with a number of concerns associated with safety (power excursions, residual heat risk), as well as with fuel flow (criticality accidents, fuel diversion, radiological risk, proliferation). In the present work we shall comment on some issues relevant to these new reactor concepts, with the intent of giving a general view of the present state-of-the-art in the reactor physics domain. Specific calculation methods to be adopted for intercomparison analysis of these systems and experimental data interpretation are also discussed, as well as ongoing and perspective relevant experimental campaigns on experimental facilities.


The paper proved that the infimum of continuously strong preinvex function is its minimum in definite condition in closed invex sets of the Euclidean space.


The current global economic crisis has affected many countries. However, if there are structural deformations in their monetary and banking systems, the tolls are greater. Sudan banking system suffers those deformations. Most developing countries suffer from low levels of income in addition to the low savings that are result from the lack of sophisticated savings channels. Hence, investments depend on the individuals' abilities on savings where they are major motivating vehicle for economic activity due to its direct correlation with capital accumulation process that increases the productive capacity for the national economy and help to create job opportunities and achieving economic development. Subsequently, the importance of the investment comes from the effective role that can be practiced on the national product. Currently, Sudan endures severe economic crisis which the degeneration of its economic sectors, subsequent deteriorating productivity and diminishing revenues specially after the secession of the Southern region and loss of more than 75% of oil resources. The needs for investments escalate to revive its ability to survive, without that can be mission impossible. There is need to explain the impact of influencing factors on the investment function in the Sudan. Channeling money needs banking systems to facilitate that job. Sudan as an example of LDCs the banking sector has been suffering from the problem of cash outflow over the last three decades, generating the following impacts: loss of banking sector of its role of financial intermediation, cash scarcity in the banking sector, large government borrowings from unreal source of finance, thus, more inflation. The book specify the main determinants of cash outflow from the banking sector in Sudan. Hence, those revealing the major impacts of the cash outflow on the economic activity and rates of inflation. The research hypotheses were: the Banks economic behavior of attainment reserves and expanding loans is main cause of cash outflow, the government financial activity to cover its budget deficits, and the effective demand for money liquidity by the public are the main factors transmitting the impacts of cash outflow to the major macroeconomic variables e.g., money stock, aggregate demand and supply, cost of resource adjustment, and the rate of inflation. Monetization of bank loans via allowing the growth in the effective demand for liquidity by the public directly leads to aggravation of inflation given the downward trend of money velocity, monetization of bank loans via financing the current deficits of the government, causes inflationary pressures due to aggregate demand expansion, the real side of the economy will not be affected.


The use of a digital computer, operating under real‐time, time‐sharing mode, for the operation of a high‐temperature (300–1300 K), adiabatic calorimeter is described. The specimen temperature and power to the specimen heater are logged continuously, from which the heat capacity is calculated for specified temperature intervals (e.g., 20 K). The determinate error in the calculated heat capacity is about ±0.6%. The temperature control of the adiabatic shields is quite comparable with that obtained previously with analog controllers. The temperature difference between the specimen and a shield can be maintained to about ±0.1 K. The heat capacity of a pure titanium specimen has been measured from 320 to 1020 K using the computer and also using the analog control. No discernible difference in results can be seen. The heat capacity data scatter about ±1% from a smooth curve fitted through the 325 data points.


Bilingual document recognition has been the subject of intensive research and our focus is on the recognition of an Oriya-English bilingual documents. In most of our official papers, school text books, it is observed that English words interspersed within the Indian languages. So there is need for an Optical Character Recognition (OCR) system which can recognize these bilingual documents and store it for future use. In this paper we present an OCR system developed for the recognition of Indian language i.e. Oriya and Roman scripts for printed documents. For such purpose, it is necessary to separate different scripts before feeding them to their individual OCR system. Firstly, we need to correct the skew followed by segmentation. Here we propose the script differentiation line-wise. We emphasize on Upper and lower matras associated with Oriya and absent in English. We have used horizontal histogram for line distinction belonging to different script. After separation different scripts are sent to their individual recognition engines. Recognition of bilingual script in an image of a document page is of primary importance for a system processing bilingual document. Earlier we had communicated a paper using a single classifier and now three classifiers such as k-nearest neighbor (KNN), convolutional neural networks (CNN) and Support Vector Machines (SVM) schemes have been proposed for analyzing the accuracies for recognition. It has been observed that SVM outperform among all the classifiers. Keywords— Script separation, Indian script, Bilingual (English-Oriya) OCR, Horizontal profiles, nearest neighbour.


The decommissioning of nuclear power plants is complicated by technical details as well as policies. This paper present the technological options and highlights alternatives to decommissioning, regulations, and financing as major policy questions. It concludes with the recommendation that utilities be required to submit plans for handling wastes and for decommissioning to focus public attention on the need for a permanent solution at the federal level. It also recommends the consideration of decommission in design criteria; rejects permanent mothballing and entombment, but recommends their use in conjunction with delayed dismantlement; and suggests that arrangements for financing should be part of state and federal regulatory policy, with top priority on public health and safety. 9 references. (DCK)


Cellulose is an abundant natural biopolymer on earth, found as a major constituent of plant cell wall in lignocellulosic form. Unlike other compounds cellulose is not easily soluble in water hence enzymatic conversion of cellulose has become a key technology for biodegradation of lignocellulosic materials. Cellulase is the enzyme which can degrade cellulose. Today, cellulases along with hemicellulases and pectinases account for about 20% of the world enzyme market. Because, cellulases have huge biotechnological potential in various industries, including food, brewery and wine, industrial waste to chemical feedstock, animal feed, textile and laundry, pulp and paper, agriculture, as well as in research and development of single-cell protein. Microorganisms such as aerobic bacteria, fungi, yeast and actinomycetes produce cellulase that degrade cellulose by hydrolysing the b-1, 4-glycosidic linkages of cellulose. Mangrove habitats at the interface of land and sea are considered to be a unique niche for the isolation of cellulose-degrading microorganisms due to occurrence of rich lignocellulosic biomass.


This special issue explores notions of fate and fortune as they inflect and are inflected by work as a practice and as a way of being in contemporary Africa. In so doing, it aims to shed new light ...


Abstract Arabian Sea sediments record changes in the upwelling system off Arabia, which is driven by the monsoon circulation system over the NW Indian Ocean. In accordance with climate models, and differing from other large upwelling areas of the tropical ocean, a 500,000-yr record of productivity at ODP Site 723 shows consistently stronger upwelling during interglaciations than during glaciations. Sea-surface temperatures (SSTs) reconstructed from the alkenone unsaturation index (U K′ 37) are high (up to 27°C) during interglaciations and low (22-24°C) during glaciations, indicating a glacial-interglacial temperature change of >3°C in spite of the dampening effect of enhanced or weakened upwelling. The increased productivity is attributed to stronger monsoon winds during interglacial times relative to glacial times, whereas the difference in SSTs must be unrelated to upwelling and to the summer monsoon intensity. The winter (NE) monsoon was more effective in cooling the Arabian Sea during glaciations then it is now.


SVM-based classification needs lots of labeled data to train classifier model, but labeling training dataset is a time-wasting and energy-wasting task. Furthermore, the feature space is sparse commonly because of text's high dimension. All of the factors above can influence the performance of classification. We propose a SVM-based text classification with SSK-means clustering algorithm where little labeled training data are needed. In this approach, training data, including both labeled and unlabeled data, are first clustered with guidance of the labeled data. The unlabeled data samples are then labeled based on the clusters obtained. SVM classifiers can be trained with the expanded training dataset. When the training dataset has only a little labeled data, this method has better performance than SVM classifiers.


No book was more sought after by families in the early decades of our country than Buchan's Domestic Medicine, which was first published in England in 1769 and passed through 19 editions during the following 50 years. Buchan described the signs, symptoms and treatment of children with croup as follows:
 Children are often seized very suddenly with this disease, which, if not quickly relieved, proves mortal. . . . This disease generally prevails in cold and wet seasons. It is most common upon the seacoast, and in low marshy countries. Children of a gross and lax habit are most liable to it. . . . It generally attacks children in the night, after having been much exposed to damp cold easterly winds through the day. Damp houses, wet feet, thin shoes, wet clothes, or any thing that obstructs the perspiration, may occasion the croup.
 It is attended with a frequent pulse, quick and laborious breathing, which is performed with a peculiar kind of croaking noise, that must be heard at a considerable distance. The voice is sharp and shrill, and the face is generally much flushed, though sometimes it is of a livid colour.
 When a child is seized with the above symptoms, his feet should be immediately put into warm water. He ought likewise to be bled, and to have a laxative clyster administered as soon as possible.
 He should be made to breathe over the steams of warm water and vinegar; or an emollient decoction, and emollient cataplasms or fomentations may be applied round his neck.


The goal of this study was to present a method for physiologic validation and show results for a comparison of the 4D-CT ventilation and SPECT ventilation or perfusion. A 4D-CT and a SPECT ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) (VSPECT and QSPECT) scans were acquired for a lung cancer patient. Two 4D-CT ventilation images were created using two metrics: Hounsfield unit (HU)-change (V4D-CT) and Jacobian determinant (V4D-CT), and were compared with SPECT. The 4D-CT ventilation images were of higher resolution than SPECT. Areas of visual agreement and disagreement were identified. VSPECT suffered from central airway depositions. Quantitatively, the correlation coefficients with VSPECT (QSPECT) were 0.030 (0.357) for V4D-CT, and 0.184 (0.479) for V4D-CT. The physiologic accuracy of 4D-CT ventilation imaging has been evaluated on a human subject. The weak correlations with SPECT could be due to limitations of the 4D-CT and/or SPECT techniques. Further investigation and patient studies are needed.


The paper presents the analysis of harmonic distortion when non-linear load is connected in different phases of power system with STATCOM for singly excited induction generator system with wind turbine as prime mover. Now-a-days due to the drastically increased in use of non linear loads causes many power quality problems in power system network. Those problems are classified as reactive power problems, harmonics, voltage sags and swells. Out of these problems harmonic problems are major concern. Custom power devices proposed for mitigation of power quality in network. For compensation of harmonic, static compensator (STATCOM) is used. The paper presents the compensation of harmonic power quality issues using STATCOM for the system with singly-excited induction generator feeding non-linear load connected in different phases. STATCOM is controlled using synchronous reference frame theory to produce pulses to switches of STATCOM sensing the input parameters. Proposed concept was developed using MATLAB/SIMULINK software and results are presented for non-linear load connected in different phases of the power system. THD analysis was shown for source current and load current for different cases.


It's hardly an ideal time to be a journalist, never mind a whole journalism start-up. Our colleagues at some of the most established media houses in the country are battling job cuts and print circulations are dwindling too quickly for executives to throw more money at it. Innovation is sparking great excitement but there is still little clarity on how to make online economically viable. And even as media transforms, we are still battling draconian surveillance, hostile governments and attention spans that demand to understand the world, all its problems and lolcats in pockets of 140 characters.


Objective
To explore pregnancy outcomes and influencing factors of pregnant women undergoing cervical polypectomy during the first and second trimester.

Methods
From January 2012 to April 2018, a total of 167 pregnant women with single-pregnancy who were operated by cervical polypectomy during first and second trimester in Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University were collected in this study. According to pregnancy outcomes, they were divided into 3 groups: miscarriage group (gestational age at termination of pregnancy < 28 gestational weeks, n=17), premature group (gestational age at termination of pregnancy was 28-36+ 6 gestational weeks, n=48) and full-term group (gestational age at termination of pregnancy ≥37 gestational weeks, n=102). The Kruskal-Wallis H rank sum test or Mann-Whitney U rank sum test were used to carry out statistical analysis on the quantitative data such as age, pregnancy and parity. Linear trend chi-square test or chi-square test were used to statistically analyze the counting data, such as the proportion of patients with cervical conization history, gestational diabetes mellitus, pregnancy-induced hypertension and preoperative vaginal bleeding. On the basis of the above single factor analysis, according to previous research results and clinical experience, further orderly multi-classification unconditional logistic regression analysis was carried out to analyze the relevant factors that may affect the pregnancy outcomes of patients after cervical polypectomy during the first and second trimester. This study was in line with the requirements of World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki revised in 2013. All participants confirmed and signed consent forms for clinical trials.

Results
① There were 0 (0-0), 0 (0-1) and 0 (0-0) parity in miscarriage group, preterm group and full-term group, respectively. The gestational age at the time of operation was 13 weeks (12-14 weeks), 15 weeks (13-17 weeks) and 15 weeks (13-18 weeks), respectively. The proportion of vaginal bleeding after operation was 35.3% (6/167), 50.0% (24/167) and 48.0% (49/167), and the proportion of gestational age ≤ 12 weeks at the time of operation was 23.5% (4/167), 10.4% (5/167) and 5.9% (6/167), respectively. The differences among the above four indexes were statistically significant (χ2 =7.363, 7.535, 9.198, 4.364; P=0.025, 0.023, 0.002, 0.037). ② Combined with the existing research results and clinical experience, as well as the factors with statistically significant difference in single factor analysis results (P< 0.05), the orderly multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis was conducted. The results showed that no vaginal bleeding after polypectomy was the protective factor for full-term delivery (OR=13.577, 95%CI: 1.300-141.743, P=0.029). ③The rate of spontaneous abortion in third trimester was 37.3% and 76.5% in patients with cervical polyp and decidual polyp, and the rate of patients with polyp inflammation was 52.7% and 0, respectively. The differences were statistically significant (χ2=9.646, 16.991, P=0.002, <0.001).

Conclusions
Cervical polypectomy in pregnancy should be avoided before 12 gestational weeks and hemostasis measures should be taken during operation. However, patients with cervical decidual polyps are more likely to have spontaneous miscarriage in third trimester than those with cervical polyps.

Key words:
Polyps; Cervical polypectomy; Pregnancy complications; Uterine cervical diseases; Pregnancy outcome; Abortion, spontaneous; Pregnant women


*SUMMARY Motivation: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short recently discovered non-protein-coding RNAs, which regulate gene expression. Results: Using the system ACTIVITY to study the microarray data on the content of mature miRNA in A. thaliana, we found that a high content of miRNA correlates with a high occurrence of the tetranucleotides WRHW and DRYD in this miRNA sequence. It is shown that the linear regression of the unknown quantitative content of arbitrary miRNA on the basis of the known occurrences of the WRHW and DRYD within its sequence gives statistically significant predictions with independent control data. Till now functionally important context feature of mature miRNAs are unknown and here we first report that the sequence of mature miRNAs may also influence their ability to accumulate in tissues.


O rbital angular momentum (OAM) antennas have received a fair bit of attention—and controversy— because of the promise of increased bandwidth and indefinitely large channel capacity. Considering the angular momentum of an electromagnetic wave to consist of the spin angular momentum (giving rise to circularly polarized orthogonal modes) and OAM (giving rise to linearly varying azimuth phase distributions), the idea is that OAM antennas will allow an arbitrarily large number of orthogonal modes for transferring information. Despite a number of successful demonstrations for optical communication links and despite its theoretical elegance, the concept does not seem to have found as much practical success for radio-frequency links. This is not to say that the concept is not physically sound—it is. But there have been analyses that show that, for higherorder modes (or vortices), the required aperture power to transmit the wave to a given distance grows nonlinearly with the mode order, and so does the required aperture size. Accordingly, while the promise of large OAM channel capacity may very well hold for short distances, by some accounts it becomes increasingly unrealistic for long-range communications. That said, there is quite a bit of ongoing work to explore the potential of OAM antennas. The underlying concept is appealing—it may be a matter of technology catching up with the physical principle.


Biosportion of heavy metals is an effective technology for the treatment of industrial wastewater. In this paper, dried biomass of Laminaria japonica was used as biosorbent for Ag+. The physic-chemical properties of biosorption of silver by Laminaria japonica were studied. The results showed that Laminaria japonica had relatively strong ability of adsorbing Ag+, and its theoretical maximum uptake capacity was 273mg/g dry biomass. Ag+ biosorption by Laminaria japonica was a rapid and temperature (20~40℃) independent process. In the range of pH value from 2 to 6, biosorptive process was unrelated to pH, and even in strong acid solution (pH1) Laminaria japonica still showed a high efficiency for Ag+ uptake. During the process of biosorption, pH value of solution rose from 5.5 to 6.4, which suggested that ion exchange might be one of the biosorptive mechanisms. Ag+ adsorption followed Langmuir model. The biosorptive capacity (q) of Ag+ decreased with increase of biomass concentration (Cb) (0.5~4.0g/L), and rose with increase of initial Ag+ concentration (Ci) (10~800mg/L). TEM observation indicated that the Ag+ ions could be reduced to Ag0 particles by Laminaria japonica. Moreover, Laminaria japonica could be used to recover Ag+ from strong acid wastewater, and the biosorptive efficiency (E) reached 98.3%. As the Ag+ concentration (Ci) was 121.9mg/L. The result indicated that Laminaria japonica was suitable for the development of effective biosorbent for the removal and recovery of silver from wastewater.


Suppressed thoughts tend to return to mind with renewed vigor. Two studies investigated the correlates and consequences of suppressing negative intrusive thoughts about one's own personal characteristics. In Study 1, 91 college students reported on the techniques they use to cope with negative self-referent intrusive thoughts. Suppression of negative self-referent thoughts was associated with low self-esteem in women, but not in men. In Study 2, 104 college students were randomly assigned to use one of four coping techniques (suppression, focusing, replacement, control) while speaking into a tape recorder about their lives. Use of suppression resulted in somewhat less positive mood and lower self-evaluations for men, but not for women. Explanations for these conflicting findings focus on differences in long- vs . short-term use of suppression.


Histochemical studies have shown a decreased concentration of cytoplasmic pentose nucleic acid1 in the liver (l-4)) pancreas (2), spinal cord (3), and cervical ganglia (3) of vitamin Blz-deficient rats. The concentration of both PNA and DNA per gm. of tissue was decreased in livers from weanling rats fed a diet containing iodinated casein, but the amount per cell was unchanged (5, 6). Comparison of new born rats from control and vitamin Blz-depleted dams (7) showed no difference in the DNA or PNA concentration per gm. of liver tissue, but the deficient livers contained slightly less PNA per cell. Brain tissue from the deficient offspring had more cells and more DNA per gm. of tissue, but the amount of DNA per nucleus was unchanged. The amount of PNA per brain cell was less in the deficient animals. Recent observations on growing rats produced by vitamin Blz-depleted dams (8) confirmed earlier results that the concentration of DNA and PNA per gm. of liver is decreased and demonstrated a decreased rate of PNA and DNA regeneration after partial hepatectomy. From carcass analyses it has been postulated (9) that vitamin B,z plays a role in carbohydrate and fat metabolism. An extension of this study (10) showed that a deficiency of vitamin B,z results in a derangement of carbohydrate utilization and a decreased phospholipide content of blood and tissues. In order to gain more insight into the effect of vitamin Blz on nucleic acid and phospholipide metabolism, a study was made of P32 incorporation into brain and liver tissue of new born rats from vitamin Blz-depleted and control dams. The specific activity of the acid-soluble phosphorus de-


Energy transitions can have huge geopolitical consequences and geopolitics influences transitions. Geopolitics in the context of a hydrogen transition is not researched as of yet and the purpose of this paper is to construct a framework for analyzing this issue. The framework uses economic geography, political geography and political economy with institutional economics as binding theory.


This article examines the Eucharistic theology of the 1662 Book of Common Prayer within the wider philosophical and theological assumptions of multiformity in the Anglican Communion. The assumption of multiformity generally, and multiformity specifically in relation to aspects of the Eucharist in the 1662 BCP, is examined. The article concludes with some general reflections on the sometimes expressed normative nature of the 1662 BCP and its Eucharistic liturgy in the wider Anglican Communion and with specific comments on the constitutional situation of the Anglican Church of Australia as these relate to the 1662 BCP.


Poster project completed at Wichita State University, Department of Industrial Engineering, Department of Human Performance Studies, and Department of Biomedical Engineering. Presented at the 12th Annual Capitol Graduate Research Summit, Topeka, KS, February 12, 2015.


In order to prevent ground bounce, Automatic Test Pattern Generation (ATPG) algorithms for wire interconnects have recently been extended with the capability to restrict the maximal Hamming distance between any two consecutive test patterns to a user-defined integer, referred to as the Simultaneously-Switching Outputs Limit (SSOL). The conventional approach to meet this SSOL constraint is to insert additional test patterns between consecutive test patterns if their Hamming distance is too large; this approach often leads to substantially more test patterns than strictly necessary. This paper presents an algorithm that generates, for a user-defined number of interconnect wires, a minimal set of test patterns that respects a user-defined SSOL constraint. Experimental results show that, in comparison to the conventional approach, our algorithm leads to a significant reduction of up to 60% in the test pattern count and corresponding test application time.


The paper proposes methodological approaches and concepts for building a network of distributed situational centers for state administration at different levels. The analysis of experience of application of situational centers in the activity of international organizations was conducted. The creation of a unified network of distributed situational centers is based on the methodological principles of coordinating the work of decisionmaking centers in the system of state administration as a joint distributed information system. A conceptual architecture of a joint network of distributed situation-al centers is proposed.


THE Gui'a de fuentes para la historia de Ibero-America is already proving an excellent tool for students of colonial Hispanic America.' This note calls attention to some additional colonial American materials found in one of the archives the guide describes so well: the Archivo del Duque del Infantado (ADI) in Madrid.2 The ADI contains over 30 folio-size, vellum-bound volumes of papers of Juan de Mendoza y Luna, Marques de Montesclaros. Over half of these relate to America; almost all the documents are manuscript, and mainly cover the period from 1590 to 1630. They are notable for the geographic variety of their subject matter and the quality of many individual pieces. Rather than Montesclaros' own correspondence, such as might be found in the Archivo General de las Indias (AGI), Lima 35-36, they are the sources the viceroy probably used in writing such letters. The documents relating to New Spain, where Montesclaros was viceroy from 1603 to 1607, have no particular focus. Among them are viceregal and audiencia ordinances and descriptions of Sinaloa and San Juan de Ulloa. There are quite a few documents from the Far East, some detailing early missionary activities. Peruvian materials constitute the greatest volume of American papers in the collection and are fullest for the years 1607 to 1615, when Montesclaros was viceroy there. Notable is an account of the inhabitants in Concepci6n and other central Chilean towns, recording for these places the names of all vecinos and moradores. Many,


The wireless charging technology (WPT) is a hot research topic at present. Because of its plug-in-free feature, it is very suitable for patrol robots. In order to reduce the influence of wireless charging coupling mechanism on electromagnetic environment in non-working area, a shielding device was designed and its finite element model (FEM) was established. The feasibility of the method was verified by finite element calculation. The simulation results show that the horizontal active shielding coil can significantly reduce the vertical electromagnetic leakage and eddy current loss of the magnetic coupling mechanism, and the vertical active shielding coil can effectively reduce the horizontal electromagnetic leakage, thereby reducing the radiation loss. It is proved that the active shielding coil can enhance the uniformity of space magnetic field and reduce the electromagnetic interference from the wireless charging system of inspection robot.


The entry of generation Y employees into the labour market has added to the growing complexity of the Kenyan and global workforce. This complexity is reflected in their values, beliefs, ethical considerations, cultural, ethnic and religious affiliation, gender and sexuality among other diversities. Interpreted differently, these diversities have implications on recruitment and selection procedures, job design, reward mechanisms, motivational programmes, productivity and overall performance of organizations. This paper explores the attitudes, hopes, aspirations, dreams and ambitions of generation Y (also referred to as millennial) employees in Kenya in a bid to understand their employment expectations. It is established that the millennials expect their employers to offer welfare services and challenging


A novel linear poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPA) with β-cylodextrin (β-CD) moiety (PNIPA-β-CD) was synthesized by the conjugation of β-CD carrying amino groups (EDA-β-CD) onto PNIPA with epoxy groups (P(NIPA-co-GMA), M n = 3.86 x 10 4 ), and the related reaction conditions are investigated. PNIPA-β-CD was characterized by means of IR, NMR and UV spectroscopes, element analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The number-average molecular weight (M n ) and the β-CD content of the obtained PNIPA-β-CD are 4.87 x 10 4 and 18.8 wt %, respectively. PNIPA-β-CD can not only respond to temperature stimuli but also include guest molecules. Lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of aqueous PNIPA-β-CD solution is similar to that of PNIPA. The association constant (K a ) for PNIPA-β-CD with methyl orange (MO) is 2.4 x 10 3 L mol -1 at pH 1.4, which is comparable to that of EDA-β-CD (K a = 2.9 x 10 3 L mol -1 ).


We have seen evidence suggesting that news media can play an important role in promoting associative reasoning by systematically supplying affectively charged information about political objects. Such evidence makes more credible the claim that long-term patterns in political discourse encourage the development of implicit attitudes. But how can we know that these implicit attitudes actually exist and matter for political decisions? Several obstacles stand in the way of answering this question. But arguably, the most fundamental of these quandaries is this: How does one detect attitudes that are spontaneous, hard to control, and nonverbalized – in a word, implicit? If, as I have explained, implicit attitudes are beyond introspection, then measuring them by asking people about them is a nonstarter. A more creative measure for this task must be found. Yet this measure must be more than just innovative. It must also demonstrate that it can tap into something that other measures cannot. That is, it must capture the evaluative associations about political objects that implicit attitudes are said to be. Yet, just like other measures, it must also show that these implicit evaluations can systematically explain people's explicit political choices. The goal of this chapter is twofold: first, to propose a solution to this measurement conundrum; and second, to show that what I capture with this proposed measure is politically consequential. My tool of choice is formally known as the Implicit Association Test (IAT). Rather than asking people to evaluate objects, the IAT enables researchers to infer the presence of implicit attitude, not from what people say, but from what they do and how fast they do it. Specifically, the IAT gauges the evaluative associations individuals have about objects by timing people's ability to rapidly sort exemplars of objects (e.g., Insects, Flowers ), positive attributes (e.g., wonderful ), and negative attributes (e.g., terrible ) – all while using different classification schemes on a computer screen. The assumption here is that people will sort exemplars more quickly when their mental associations about objects match the classification scheme they are instructed to use. If, for example, a person has a more negative attitude toward insects than flowers, she should find it easier to sort words when exemplars of insects and negative attributes are classified using the same response key on a computer (e.g., "E") than when flowers and negative attributes share that same key.


This paper has applied CAE software to research on digital prototype.At first,CAD model of the test rig by CATIA software is build,and the dynamics model of the test rig has been established in ADAMS multi-body dynamics simulation software.Then the frictional contact model of wheel/rail has been finished by applying multi-body friction contact element.At last,numerical adhesion experiment has been done in the digital prototype.The result of simulation provides technical support for technical project and the choice of key technical parameters.


How to make high-tech products serve and benefit mankind more humanized has become an important subject on both elderly care service and science service area that people should pay attention to. Practical application of high-tech medical monitoring products can solve lots of problems of pension service efficiently. Meanwhile, the product exploitation and application have turned into ethical issue in modern public management from natural science issue. It can be also a typical ethical issue of science and technology refers to high-tech products those are social, popular and universal, and also refers to theoretical exploration and breakthrough of several subjects, such as philosophy, public ethics and law. Regulate and identify with scientific ethics as well as breakthrough of traditional ethical idea are the important aspects of effective use of the medical monitoring system.


This paper assesses how far the products of education are utilized in the British labour market, and how utilization has recently changed. We distinguish the concepts of "under-education", "over-education" and "qualification inflation". Using data from four surveys we find that over-education, while substantial, has been stable since the mid-1980s. Although observed over-education is partly associated with low ability compared with one's educational peers, both over-education and skill under-utilization are also associated with mismatch in the labour market, and both involve a loss of wages. We conclude that, in order to inform policy, education and skill utilization should be closely monitored. Copyright 2002 by Blackwell Publishers Ltd and The Victoria University of Manchester


On an acid forest soil in West Jutland, Denmark, an experiment with artificially acidified rain was carried out, in order to identify the base reactions in the soil resulting from the acid rain and to localize where in the soil profile neutralization takes place. The effect of lime as an agent against the effects of artificially acidified rain was also investigated. The artificial acid rain was quantitatively neutralized in the O horizon due to ion exchange primarily with calcium and magnesium. This process produced increased concentrations of calcium, magnesium, sodium and inorganic aluminium in the soil solution sampled from E and Bh horizons. The soil did not retain sulphate, and it may be concluded that the acid is leached as metal sulphates. Also in limed plots magnesium and sodium were released from the O horizon, but to a lesser extent, and no inorganic aluminium was released into the soil solution from the E horizon. Liming may counteract harmful effects of mobilized aluminium and calcium deficien...


A new application for polymer composites involves the support of overhead conductors for electric power transmission and distribution. In this application, overhead power lines are supported by a unidirectional hybrid (carbon/glass fiber) composite [1]. In contrast, traditional Al conductors are typically supported by steel cable, which has been the case for the past 100 years. However, the recently developed composite-supported conductors, termed ACCCTM for "Aluminum Conductor Composite Core," present multiple advantages for economic and efficient transmission of electrical power [2]. In particular, the ACCCTM conductors exhibit greater strength and less sag at high temperatures. The lighter weight composite core also allows the inclusion of 28% more conductive aluminum (using compact trapezoidal shaped strands) without a weight penalty. The added aluminum content decreases conductor resistance, which substantially reduces line losses.


Given the transportation sector's significant contribution to greenhouse gas emissions, Business Trip Ridesharing (BTRS) is likely to become increasingly important as both policy and economic considerations require a rethinking within companies. With our study, we adapt the Theory of Planned Behavior to the BTRS context and add to the understanding of BTRS by examining employees' behavioral antecedents. In exploring employees' motivations for BTRS, we demonstrate an improved comprehension of the relevant factors under consideration for a successful introduction of BTRS. Our findings suggest the importance of attitude and perceived behavioral control on BTRS behavioral intention and adoption. Furthermore, a mediation analyses revealed an important role of Green Information Systems (GIS) as enabler for BTRS and strengthens the importance of BTRS for the GIS community.


The research is aimed at investigating the correlation between students' motivation and their English speaking ability. The research samples were thirty-six first year students of SMAN 2 Bandar Lampung that were randomly selected by using lottery. Students' motivation scores were calculated by using four-Likert-scale questions and their English speaking ability was tested by using transactional speaking test using criteria proposed by Heaton (1991). The results of motivation questionnaire showed that the highest score was 145 and the lowest score was 77 with the average of 111. 4. It was found out that 5. 5% students have high motivation, 60. 5 % students have average motivation, and 25% students have low motivation. It means that most of the students have good motivation. English speaking test scores showed that the average of students' English speaking ability was 80.2 with the highest score of 90 and the lowest score of 73. It can be concluded that the students have very good ability in speaking English. The results showed that the coefficient correlation was 0.780 and it was significant where r-value of 0.780 was larger than the r-table of 0.334. It was also found out that motivation influenced English speaking ability with the score of 60.8 %. This means that motivation as a psychological factor has a positive correlation with English speaking ability. Students who had high level of motivation did more efforts and had more determination to reach their goals. On the contrary, students who had low level of motivation did not do more efforts in learning and in achieving their goals so that their speaking ability was low. Keywords: motivation, English speaking ability, correlation


Photo physiological mechanism of the alder cypress plantation was investigated in this paper.The results showed that alder and cypress possessed time matched,season matched and space matched photosynthetic effect,which made alder and cypress utilize efficiently light energy resource radiating on forest land.Thus,the light energy utilization efficiency of alder cypress plantation is ominously heighten.In addition,daily and seasonal change of canopy photosynthesis of the alder cypress plantation basically accorded with that of alder,because of different biological and ecological traits of alder and cypress.Climate factors that effected on photosynthesis of the alder and cypress mixed foret are mainly air temperature,CO 2 concentration and light conditions.


Willy is a young Palm Island boy, full of life and with more than a fair serve of natural chutzpah. His grandmother, Aunty M, whose house I'm camped in, tells me he's good at maths as well as footy. Willy wants to play for the Cowboys when he grows up, and for most of my stay on his island is glued to the PlayStation, selecting teams, taking passes, tackling. His triumphant yell comes every 10 minutes, 'And he's through!' (In Willy's Bwlkman accent, 'through' comes out as a cross between 'sroo' and 'truu'.)


[Purpose] To explore the expressions of MDR1 and Ki67 in gastric cancer and their clinical significance. [Method] One hundred cases with gastric cancer were detected for MDR1 and Ki67 by immunohistochemistry technique. [Results] The expressions of MDR1 and Ki67 in cancer tissues were higher than those in cancer surrounding tissues and didn't correlated to the age, sex, histological type, depth of invasion and lymph node metastasis. There was no correlation between MDR1 and Ki67 either. [Conclusion] Neither MDR1 nor Ki67 serves as a single indicator to estimate prognosis and drug resistance in clinic.


As a powerful coding strategy for superpixels in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images, Fisher vector (FV) lies in a low-dimensional subspace and can be sparsely represented as a linear combination of training samples. The existing ship detection methods based on FVs often consider the Euclidean distances between target FVs and clutter FVs, where the subspace features of FVs are generally not exploited. In this article, we propose a new ship detection algorithm based on nonnegative sparse locality-representation (NSLR) to exploit the subspace features of FVs. The proposed NSLR method is based on the assumption that FVs of superpixels in SAR images are sparsely represented by the dictionary of background sea clutter only under a null hypothesis. In addition, we propose two FV-based filters to enhance the robustness of our newly developed NSLR to heterogeneous sea clutter environments by further exploiting the intrinsic features of ship targets in terms of intensity and spatiality. The experimental results based on Gaofen-3 SAR images demonstrate that the proposed NSLR detection method provides higher target-to-clutter contrast and achieves better detection performance than other commonly used ship detection algorithms.


An automated guided vehicle (AGV) system is an indispensable part of a mixed-model assembly line (MMAL) for flexible and efficient production, which is utilized for the material delivery. With the urgent needs of industry digitalization and market customization, along with the trend of corporate smart decision management, MMAL has been widely adopted in the manufacturing process of modularized products. To address the parameter matching and energy consumption optimization of the AGV system in MMAL, the overall architecture of an intelligent MMAL (IMMAL) is firstly proposed. And the model of this problem is constructed. Then, the research methodology is proposed, which comprehensively adopts the dispatching rule, genetic algorithm, design of experiment, BP neural network, and simulated annealing. Eventually, a real-life case is used to validate the practicality of the proposed solutions. The results show that the optimal solutions of MMAL production and AGV system delivery at the minimum energy consumption are obtained successfully. Furthermore, three factors: the quantity, capacity, and velocity of AGVs greatly impact the energy consumption of the AGV system, where the quantity of AGVs has the most negligible significance, while the capacity of AGVs has the most significance.


Abstract Background: Dental anxiety is a psychological feeling; that can prevent partially or completely a person from receiving dental treatment. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the level of dental anxiety prevalent among a group of Egyptian dental students and to compare the anxiety levels reported from female and male dental students .Subjects and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed among the 1st,2nd(pre-clinical years ),3rd and 4th(clinical years ) dental students from Faculty of dentistry, October 6 University in Egypt. Corah's dental scale of anxiety (DAS) questionnaires in English language, was distributed among the entire dental students present at the day planned for the study (188 students, females: 114, males: 74). DAS had four questions assessing the level of anxiousness with a probable maximum achievable score of 20. For each question five options were available in which scoring was accomplished as A = 1; B = 2; C = 3; D =4 and E= 5. Results:On Comparing DAS scores between males and females students in1st , 2nd as well as 3rdyear students; males showed statistically significant lower median DAS scores than females with no significant difference between both gender in the 4thyear. As regards all years students, males showed statistically significantly lower median DAS scores than females(P-value <0.001).Conclusion: Female dental students showed more anxiety levels as compared to male dental students for both pre- clinical and clinical years


The main purpose of this paper is using elementary method to study the main value of the m-th power mean of the sum of all digits in the Smarandache pseudo-number sequence, and give some interesting asymptotic formulae for them. Keywords Smarandache Pseudo-multiple of 5, pseudo-even, pseudo-odd sequence number; Sum of digits; Asymptotic formulae.


Abstract : An investigation was made of the radiation capacity of the aluminum alloys AD1 and D16 at the temperature of 100 - 400 C, and also of brass L62 and the steels St. 3 and St. 45 at temperatures of 100 - 650 C in the infrared region of the spectrum with the long waves of the length wavelength = 2 - 14 microns. The results of the investigations and the values obtained for the monochromatic radiation capacity of a number of alloys under various conditions enables the selection of receivers of radiation in accordance with their spectra and power properties, as well as providing the possibility of computing the designs and elements of the optical tract of the checking and measuring instruments.


The paper considers the self-assessment as vital techniques in instruction of listening and speaking,and creatively designs the concrete steps of questionnaire,retrospection,progress profiles and quiz in classroom teaching and autonomous study,which are of great value for instructors to learn of students' listening skills,and properly adjust teaching scheme,and for students to improve listening skills by means of meta-cognitive strategies.The author emphasizes the humanistic nature of the assessment model in tune with the fresh concept of student-centered instruction that reflects the learning process of listening skills and learners' initiatives.


1368 Objective:Recently, the role ofb-blockers (BBs) in reducingperioperativemortality has been challenged.The conflicting results might have resulted from the extent of BB metabolism by the cytochrome P-450 (CYP2D6) isoenzyme. The purpose of the present studywas to assess the association between the preoperative use ofBBs dependent on metabolism of the CYP2D6 isoenzyme with operative mortality after coronary artery bypass grafting surgery.


Over the last decade, management of melanoma has dramatically evolved from chemotherapy through targeted molecular therapy (BRAF V600E signaling) and, currently, immunotherapy (checkpoint inhibitors, immunogenic oncolytic viruses). Response, time to progression and survival has improved for many melanoma patients undergoing targeted therapy, but insensitive population subsets, adaptive resistance and toxic side effectslimit therapeutic benefit. Previous studies have shown a correlation between Vigil engineered autologous tumor cell (EATC) immunotherapy induced circulating activated T-cells responsive against autologous tumor cells and survival prolongation. We now assess the safety and response to Vigil (1 x 107 cells/ intradermal injection monthly x 4-12) in 12 patients with advanced metastatic melanoma in comparison with 12 who underwent similar standard of careautologous tumor harvest but received other treatment regimens,not Vigil. None of the patients experienced≥ Grade 3 treatment-related toxicity. Two Grade 2 adverse events (AE) (fatigue, irritability) and local regionalGrade 1 AE (injection site erythema, induration, rash, skin hypopigmentation)in 19 of 63 injections were observed. IFN-γ ELISPOT analysis (PBMC) showed the induction of T-cell activation from 0-1 at baseline to 78 spots/106 cells post first cycle of Vigil. Median survival of Vigil treated patients was 20 months compared to 7 months (KaplanMeier analysis, log rank p=0.00009). In conclusion, preliminary evidence of safety and activity of Vigil supportsfurther clinical evaluation in advanced melanoma. Correspondence to: John Nemunaitis, M.D., Mary Crowley Cancer Research Centers, 12222 Merit Drive, Suite 1500, Dallas, Texas 75251, USA, Tel: 214-6581964, Fax: 214-658-1992, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Received: September 15, 2016; Accepted: September 25, 2016; Published: September 29, 2016 Introduction MAGE-A3. MAGE-A1, NY-ESO-1 and SSX-2), a high tumor mutation burden (TMB) leading to an increased number of tumor-specific epitopes, and clinicallya reproducible response rate to immunotherapies [1-4] particularly to the recently FDA approved immune checkpoint inhibitors. One of these inhibitors is ipilimumab (Yervoy; a human monoclonal antibody (hMAb) CTLA-4 inhibitor), which was FDA approved in 2011 for patients with advanced, unresectable Stage III and IV melanoma [5]. Results show improvement in recurrence-free survival (RFS) as compared to placebo in the EORTC trial 18071 (HR 0.75, 95% CI 0.64 – 0.90), [6]. Pembrolizumab (Keytruda), ahMAbPD-1 inhibitor, subsequently demonstrated response rates of 36% [7] and has proven to be superior to chemotherapy and single agent ipilimumab in patients with advanced melanoma [8-10] as has nivolumab (Optivo) [11]. However, >60% of melanoma patients do not achieve an optimal response to a single agent checkpoint inhibitor and subsets of patients (i.e. PD-L1-; low TMB) predictively respond less favorably. Although the combination of mechanistically different immune checkpoint inhibitors elicits higher response rates, in a randomized trial of nivolumab alone,ipilimumab alone, or the combinationof the two in treatment-naïve patients with unresectable stage III or IV melanoma,the combination achieved an ORR of 57.6% (compared to 43.7% with nivolumaband 19% with ipilimumab) with a durable response of 11.5 months,but with 55% treatment-related Grade 3 or higher toxicities. Furthermore, in 36.4% of patients the combination leads to treatment-related discontinuation[9]. Although these data confirm the effectiveness of immunotherapy in advanced melanoma, they alsohighlight the need for further development of novel and/or combinatory immunotherapies with increased, predictable effectiveness at a lower risk of toxicity. Talimogenelaherparepvec(T-VEC), a genetically-modified, immuneenhanced H. simplex type I virus, is systemically effective in advanced melanoma [12] but the FDA indication is limited to Stages IIIb, IIIc or IVM1a disease that are unresectable based on regional efficacy shown in Phase III testing [13,14]. Vigil is a DNA engineered autologous tumor cell (EATC) immunotherapy. It contains a dual vector; a bi-shRNA targeting furinthe pro-protein convertase that activates the immunosuppressive TGF-beta 1 and 2 and the gene encoding hGM-CSF. A phase I clinical Barve M (2016) Follow-up of bi-shRNAfurin /GM-CSF Engineered Autologous Tumor Cell (EATC) Immunotherapy Vigil in patients with advanced melanoma Volume 1(3): 81-86 Biomed Genet Genomics, 2016 doi: 10.15761/BGG.1000116 trial of Vigil in patients with heavily pretreated advanced solid tumors showeda significant survival benefit which correlated with induction of an immune response measured by the interferon gamma (IFN-γ) ELISPOT assay. We now update the results of Vigil clinical activity in patients with advanced melanoma. Materials and methods The method and mechanism of construction and manufacturing of Vigil (formerly known as FANG) has previously been described [15,16]. The Vigil vector encodes for GM-CSF expressive cDNA and the bi-sh RNAfurin in autologous tumor cells. Following protocol-specific informed consent, tumor tissue is harvested, placed in sterile media and delivered to the Gradalis, Inc. manufacturing facility (Carrollton, TX, USA). Vigil is manufactured over 2 conservative days. Subsequent manufacturing, following FDA discussion, now utilizes Gentamicin in the sterile media in order to reduce contamination risk. First, autologous tumor cells are dissociated into a single-cell suspension, followed by electroporation(which allows cell transfection with the plasmid), and overnight incubation. Then the cells are irradiated, placed into the final vials, cryopreserved, and undergo release testing. Following product release by Quality Assurance compliance, patients are registered for treatment every 4 weeks with 1.0 x 107cells/injectionof Vigil.


There are various reasons for introducing temporary traffic regulation but it is usually introduced due to construction works on the road or by the road. Such situations are always potential dangers for all road users and work staff as well. Temporary traffic regulation in cities can be highly complicated so it is essential to organize it without making mistakes. Mistakes made at this stage are difficult to remove and they require additional expenditure of financial and material resources. Optimal solutions for temporary traffic regulation are those that balance the needs of road users (travel needs) and needs of work staff (to carry out construction works safely). In order to increase traffic safety within a temporary traffic regulation zone, proper application of principles, recommendations, advice and suggestions in making temporary regulations have to be applied.


Hefei Light Source (HLS) is undergoing an upgrade project to enhance the performance. As a possibility, we consider implementation of the echo-enabled harmonic generation (EEHG) technique to generate coherent free electron laser in VUV to soft x-ray, which is the dominate region for the users at HLS. The difference of this work to other similar research is that we use the whole ring as the first dispersive section and an optical klystron as the second one. In this case, only one modulator is needed. The preliminary design and simulation are presented.


ABSTRACT For many years Australia ignored or downplayed the role of values in foreign policy, preferring to focus on economic issues and engagement with Asia. Recently, however, values have re-emerged as a central aspect of Australian foreign policy, both rhetorically in government White Papers and through initiatives such as the Quadrilateral Security Dialogue comprising the established democracies of Australia, India, Japan and the United States. This commentary charts the rise of values-based language in Australian and Japanese speeches and policy documents, and argues that core concepts such as shared democratic values have an important – and under-appreciated – relevance in the new era of a rising autocratic China and in the framing of the Indo-Pacific.


This paper compares alternative approaches to pose estimation using visual cues from the environment. We examine approaches that derive pose estimates from global image properties, such as principal components analysis (PCA) versus from local image properties, commonly referred to as landmarks. We also consider the failure-modes of the different methods. Our work is validated with experimental results.


A new photosensitiser, NPe6, was applied to visualize atheromas, NPe6 has been known to accumulate selectively in malignant tumors. We have demonstrated that NPe6 was a potent probe to indicate atherosclerotic plaques depending on it's specific accumulation in the atheroma. The aim of this study is to visualize the atherosclerotic coronary artery on the heart surface in vivo using a newly developed device, an epifluorescence microscopy. Ten female New Zealand white rabbits were fed on an atherogenic diet containing 0,5 % cholesterol for 20 weeks, At 6 hours after administration of NPe6, at a dose of 5 mg/kg, rabbits were anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium. Under artificial ventilation, the chest was opened and the heart was mounted on the pericardial cradle, so that we can see the heart surface clearly. The laser beam with a wavelength of 664 nm from a diode laser was irradiated on the heart surface, The atherosclerotic tissues in the coronary artery was recognized by detecting the reddish fluorescence. We have been reported that atheromas were diagnosed both angioscopically and laparoscopically by detecting the fluorescence spectrum of NPe6 using a spectrophotometer. In this study, we demonstrated specific detection of NPe6 fluorescence in the the atherosclerotic coronary arteries using an epifluorescence stereoscope sysytem with a diode laser.


Abstract During drinking-water treatment, ozone used as a preoxidant and chlorine required for final disinfection, lead to competing chemical reactions, in the case of raw water containing both organic compounds and inorganic salts (such as bromides and ammonia). The study of the interactions between those reactants has been made according to the following main topics : As for THM formation, experiments conducted on simple organic compounds or on natural fulvic acids show important decreases in THM or TCAA formation after ozonation. It may be noticed, however, that the ozonation of surface waters may induce the formation of haloform precursors, usually with a low level of reactivity. In water supplies containing bromide ions, oxidation of the latter through hypobromous acid may take place during the ozonation stage. Failing preozonation treatment, hypobromous acid is generated very rapidly during chlorination, thus inducing the formation of chloro- brominated organic compounds. During the ozonation of ful...


Julia Gillard and Tony Abbot have finally agreed on something - to walk away from protecting Australia's natural environment, by planning to hand federal environment powers to the states.


An extended van der Waals model is presented which describes a hydrogen-bonded system with an inhomogeneous density distribution. In the framework of this model, the interfacial properties of a coexistence system of gaseous and liquid water are calculated, and it is shown that anomalous behavior can occur in the supercooled region. The predicted surface tension is compared to experimental data.


OF THE DISCLOSURE Pen61 lead is made by mixing 40 to 50 pa~s of su~ fonated Hgnin or an aqueous sodium salt Hgnin solution with 30 to 40 parts graphite and 5 to 10 pa~s of carbon black, neading the mixture and heating to reduce the moisture content tobelow 20%. After extruding the mixture into the form of pencil lead and rying the formed articles they are heated toabout 500° C. at a very ~ow rate of 5-10 ° C. per houL Once 500 ° C. has been reached the articles are fu~her heated toabove 1000° C. at a faster rate of 30-50 ° C. per hour in a gaseous phase atmosphere that ~ inert tohe articles, such as nitrogen. The very ~ow heating rate up to 500° C. ~ essential to good ~rength of the carbon~ed pencil lea~ Supplementary binders and plasti6zers such as poly~nyl alcohol, ~agacanthce~ulose can begUm'added s°dium alginateto prevent pr mature a d c rb°xymethY~thermal decomposition of the lignin. Th~ invention relates to a process for making pencil leads. A lead for a conventional gr phite p ncil ismade by mixing aproper amount of carbon Mack as a coloring agent with graphite, kneading themixture with water together with clay as a caking ageng extrusion-molding the mixture and then heating ff at1000 to 1200 ° C. sb as to be sintered. However, such lead is lacking i ~rength. This fact has been avery great disadvantage particularly toa very fine l ad used for a sharp pencil or lead holdeL Furthe~ there is also a process wherein such synthet~ reNn as vinyl chlo6de orpitch or the fike is used as a caking agenL However, the reaction at he ~ntering process resuRs in variations such that the hardness wiH be different in the respective part~ Fu~heL a spedal solvent g required, a remarkably long time ~required for sintering and the compl~ated production technique requires skill. Such synthetic r Nn or pitch has o few functional r dicals other than alkyl radials or halogen radicals that the crossdinking reaction n the region of low temperature, in th initial pe~od ofNnterin~ will be insuffMent and the molded Mads wiil be fused with each otheL Therefore, in order to prevent such fuNnN a complicated operation, oxidizing the surface of molded leads in the air or ozone containing air heated about 150° C., ~ required. Thus the production of the lead N difficulL An object of the present invention ~ to provide a process for obtaining fi e l ads having a brealdng strength more than 50 to 100% higher than convenfional pencil lead parficulariy useful or sharp pencils or holder~ 2 Another object ofhe present i vention ~ toprovide a process for obtaining fi e l ads wh~h are easy to make and good inthe writing touch. A fu~her object ofhe present i vention ~ toprovide a process for obtaining fi e l ads cheaply b utilizing a by-product in the production of pulp. According to the process ofthe present i vention, Hgnin is di~olved in water oany other proper solvent to form a solution which isthereafter mixed and kneaded with graphite and carbon black; the solvent is evaporated sothat the viscos~y of the mixture w~l be suitable for the xtruNon moldin~ An extrusion molding is operated in 80-95 ° C. A wet lead molded in deNred diameter is cug dried in 15 aiL heated and baked over 8hours inan electric furnace up to the maximum temperature 1000-1200 ° C. in the ~edu~ng atmosphere of n~rogen gas. After being cooled toroom temperature, baked lead N dipped in the spe~al off and heated upto about 200° C. 20 to Saturate th micropores of lead wRh the oil. Thus the process N completed. For the above described Hgnin, SP Hgnin obtained from a waste fiquid in the production of pulp by a sulfide process orKP Hgnin obtained from awa~e Hquid in the 25 laflyprOducfiOnwell fsuited.kraftAnPUlPexampleare usefuLof ffsTheproducinglatter N partiCU-proce~ shall be described. First ofall, wood chips are treated at a high temperature with adigested solution consNting of sodium hydroxide and sodium sulfide sothat about 30 lignin in the wood may half the mount of thebe washedOrganic ouL InC°mp°nentSsuch case,includingwood fibers are taken out as kraft pulp. The waste ~quid thus washed out is blacked viscous fiquid containing a large amount of thiolignin and other organic componen~ and 35 inorganic sub~ancem ThN black ~quid ~ concentrated and as acid is added toff to reduce ~s pH so that thioHgnin of sodium salt may be precipitated. Or a dilute acid smade to further act on the precipffate so that the precipitate may be refined to be of an acid type low in 40 the ash contenL It is treated at ahigh temperature with the addition of sodium sulfite sothat asulfone radical may be introduced into the thiolignin skeleton a d is then dried. Such sulfonated fignin ~ awatevsoluble brown powdeL When ff~ dissolved into water and graphite and carbon Mack are mixed with it, due to the favorable sur~5 face active action of said ~gnin ffsNL the graphite and carbon black and the fignin Rself as a caking agent will easily disperse in water to obtain a uniform ixture. Therefor~ the kneading ~ep can be carried out very ~0 easily at a high effMency wffhin a short time. Fu~he~ inease the mixture N dehydrated and extruNon-molded, theMurry viscos~y will reduce due to the action f the fignin. Therefore, as described above, it can be ~asily molded with acomparatively small amount of ~5 wa~L Thu~ the drying a~er the molding ~ easy and the production effMency can be increased. Fu~heL fignin has a very large amount ofsuch functional radicals high in the thermoreactivity as --OCHz, --OH and --COH present in the molecnl~ Therefor~ in the case of baking 60 after the drying, cross-linking wiH beeasily produced in low temperature region i the initial pe~od. That ~to say, even i the case it N heated in an inert gas phas~ at a temperature b ow 300° C., the cro~-linking reaction will proceed asily. Therefor~ there is no fear of canNng 65 a ruing phenomenon between the adjacent leads and no 3,592,883 3 need of s~h compHc~ed o~dafion ~. Fu~he~ as no great wNgN reduction is caused and the ~mp~ ture can be dev~ed comp~afive~ ~N~ the ~ of the baNng s~p N Nso easy. Exam~ of the p~ ~nton ~aH be e~d in ~ the fN~M~. E~ 1 50 pa~s of ~l~n~ed HgNn are uN~r~y dissolved carbon black as a c~o~ng age~ are put into the solu~on and ~e m~m~ ~ a~. H ~ kneaded ~ r~h and is at the same time heard to gaduM~ evapor~e wate~ When ~e wat~ co~e~ b~om~ 15 ~ 20%, ~e m~m~ ~ put ~ a ~ad e~m~ng m~der to ob~n a lead of 15 any ~sked iatoms. H ~ then cut into any de,red ~n~h and has the water con~nt s~~ perfectly ~moved ~ a hot Mr drye~ ~e thus wall d~ed ~ad is p~ ~ a furnace and is heard and baked up to 1000 to 1200 ° ~ for about 8 hours in a reducing ~m~ph~e. ~ ~ 20 ~ the ~ad ~ ~n out and d~ped ~ ~e ~1 to ~m~ the m~mp~ of lead saturate ~th ~e ~. A ~ ~n~ ~ m~ be obtMne~


Exhibition can gather a large scale of exhibits, e xhibitors and visitors in a short time, and make them exchange information, conclude the transaction. It has wonderful publicity effect and it is strong in their industries promotion. When exhibition construction industry vigorous development and bring economic and social benefits, the pattern of disposable types of build and consume a large amount of building materials of exhibition construction, produced a huge amount of resources waste and environmental pollution. Toachieve Sustainable Development of Exhibition industry, its building technology must go green development path, low carbon development, reduce the use of resources, based on principles of resources reuse, recycling, improve the efficiency of the use of resources and energy, reduce waste emissions, to achieve the maximization of economic, social and ecological benefits. Based on actual sample exhibition construction, there are analyses of different ways of consumption of materials with types of structures, and calculate the "reduction" and "recycling" resource savings in the building implementation. The results shows that "reduction" and "recycling" is a green development path of exhibition engineering industry to achieve minimum material consumption and the resource can be recycled many times.


The key issue in integrated distribution generation is connecting small power plants to large power grid at distribution level. It arises with different technical problems such as power oscillations. The intention of the paper, to focus on need of control and to damp of power oscillations and control method with different techniques studied by researchers till now. This provides the knowledge of methodologies proposed so far. This is an overview as well as survey of different control techniques to damp out the power oscillations in integrated distribution generation Index Terms — Power oscillations, Distribution generation, Power oscillation control techniques.


For recent 20 years, our country's scholars have extensively studied library law, but their opinions are quite different. With regard to this question, this note comprehensively values and puts forward some new understanding from the jurisprudence and the legislative angle and according to certain logical order to such popular topics of conversations as the definition, the attributes, the function and the core subject of library and the location of Library Law of the People's Republic of China .


This paper investigates the stone Buddha triad image enshrined in the main hall of Gaetaesa (開泰寺). Gaetaesa was completed by the order of Wang Geon (王建) in 940, four years after he finally defeated the Later Paekje here and unified the later Three Kingdoms. To commemorate his victory, Wang Geon built this temple for the Hwaeom sect (華嚴宗) on his last battlefield at Yeonsan (連山), in South Chungcheong province. The stone Buddha triad of Gaetaesa is monumental. Their bulky bodies are flat and massive, like stone pillars. There is a certain lack of realism in these images, which was probably not only due to the fact that four years were too short to finish this huge temple, but also to the fact local artisans participated in this project. The stylistic mode of these Gaetaesa images are also exhibited in many stone Buddha images in northern regions of North Gyeongsang province, such as the standing Buddha image at the temple-site of Dongbon-dong (東本洞) in Yecheon and that of Cheonseongsa (千聖寺) in Bonghwa. They also betray close similarity to the stone standing Buddha at the temple-site in Wonpyeong-dong (院坪洞), Cheongju, of the North Chungcheong province. In the early tenth century the north part of North Gyeongsang province was the border area of Silla and many powerful clans governing there surrendered themselves to Goryeo. Textual evidences show that one of the powerful clans, led by General Seonpil (善弼) of the Yeongju area, helped Wang Geon not only make contact with me royal court of Silla but to rule over me North Gyeongsang province area, Since the North Gyeongsang province area was easily connected to the North Chungcheong province area by way of mountain passes like Jungnyeong (竹嶺) and Gyerimryeong (鷄立嶺), artisans working for the powerful clans and aristocrats in the Silla border area moved north to me Goryeo area for the opportunity of working on new projects. The nearest political and cultural center with easy access to north part of North Gyeongsang province was most likely the Cheongju area, which was known for its powerful clan, the Yu family (劉氏), whose daughter became one of Wang Geon' s queens and mother of Kings Jeongjong (定宗) and Gwangjong (光宗). From 936 A., me year of the unification of me late Three Kingdoms, a number of projects constructing new temples were begun in Gaeseong For this reason Gaeseong must have had a great demand for artisans at that time, Therefore, it can be assumed that artisans from the north pan of North Gyeongsang province were put to me new national project of constructing Gaetaesa, The iconography of a standing Buddha wearing Kasaya with his right shoulder exposed was a rare example in the early tenth century. The Buddha staring forward smiling and me two attendant Bodhisattvas wearing wide shawls on their upper bodies and rou.nd aprons over their skirts with long tassels falling from me waist can be closely compared to 9th to 10th century Indian sculptures of me Pala period. Records show that a few Indian Buddhist monks can1e to south ports of China in the tenth century, and several of them visited Goryeo during Wang Geon s reign, Many Korean monks who had studied in China came back to Goryeo at that time, It would therefore seem that such relationships provided a channel for artistic influence and that new stylistic trends and iconography in Pala sculpture were imported to Goryeo. As Gaetaesa was made as a temple of the Hwaeom sect, the main Buddha image should be Vairocana Buddha, the main Buddha of the Hwaeom (Avatarnsaka) surra. The central Buddha image of Gaetaesa however does not show the typical hand-gesture (mudra) of Vairocana which was popular in Vairocana Buddha images of me ninth century which were represented with me "chikwon-in" mudra (智拳印) of Mahavairocana of the Esoteric Buddhism, It is interesting to note that the painting of 'assemblies of Vairocana Buddha held at seven places on earth and in heaven and nine times (七處九回)" based on Avatarnsaka surra newly translated in 699 by Siksananda the so-called "80 Hwaeom" shows Vairocana Buddha with Abhaya mudra not with 'chikwori-in" of Mahavairocana. Since 80 Hwaeom was known to the Buddhist monasteries of me Hwaeom sect from the late Silla period it seems probable that paintings of Avatamsaka surra were also imported from China and that they had an impact on the iconography of me main Buddha image at Gaetaesa.


The shock waves induced in the surrounding atmosphere by an air plasma were investigated by laser interferometry. The air‐breakdown plasma was produced by a TEA‐CO2 laser in front of a solid target. The results were compared to the predictions of the theory of intense explosions in gases and a good agreement was inferred. It was also determined that the symmetry of the expansion of the initial shock wave is determined by the plasma‐source shape and, accordingly, depends on the laser power density incident on the target surface. However, for further stages all the shock waves expand spherically.


Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the peculiarities of treatment of patients with essential hypertension (EH) with carvedilol (C). Design and Methods: All patients (pts) had previously untreated EH (stage II). 1 group (gr)-33pts were treated with C in daily dose 42,2 ± 2,6 mg, 2gr –11pts – in daily dose 95,5 ± 3,0 mg. 1gr of pts were separated: by patient's age–<50years–20pts, by mean age 41,0 ± 1,4years; >50years–13pts, by mean age 57,7 ± 1,4years; by nocturnal blood pressure (BP) patterns–dipping pattern (DP)-14pts, non-dipping pattern (NDP)–13pts. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) was recorded using Meditech CardioTens System. All examinations were carried out before and 4 weeks after C therapy. Results: After 4 weeks, according to ABPM, we noticed that increase of C daily dose from 50 mg to 100 mg makes its antihypertensive efficiency significantly stronger: the decrease degree of 24hSBP in 1gr was (−3,8 ± 0,7%) in 2gr – (−7,7 ± 1,3%), increase of decrease degree of 24hDBP was the same. We observed that intensity of antihypertensive and chronotropic action of the C therapy (in daily dose 42,2 ± 2,6 mg) doesn't depend on the patient's age: in gr<50years decrease degrees of 24hSBP, 24DBP and 24HR were (−2,9 ± 0,7%), (−5,8 ± 1,0%) and (−7,5 ± 1,0%); in gr>50years, accordingly, (−5,7 ± 0,9%), (−8,8 ± 1,0%) and (−4,9 ± 1,1%). There wasn't any significant difference between daytime and nighttime BP decrease under treatment of NDP pts with C and was stronger for daytime unlike nighttime in DP pts, therefore the nocturnal pattern remained unchanged. The decrease degrees of SBP and DBP in NDP pts for daytime were (−5,2 ± 1,6%) and (−7,8 ± 2,1%), in DP pts, accordingly, (−3,7 ± 1,0%) and (−7,9 ± 1,2%), for nighttime, accordingly, in NDP pts (−6,6 ± 1,9%) and (−9,1 ± 2,0%), in DP pts (1,1 ± 1,0%) and (−2,3 ± 1,7%). Conclusion: Our results showed that increase of carvedilol daily dose from 50 mg to 100 mg makes its antihypertensive efficiency significantly stronger. Intensity of antihypertensive and chronotropic action doesn't depend on the patient's age. Carvedilol therapy has differential effects on the BP level depending on the nocturnal BP pattern. Carvedilol therapy doesn't influence significantly on nocturnal BP pattern.


Aquafaba is a viscous liquid formed during cooking of kidney bean (Nebraska Variety) in water. This solution is now widely used by the vegan community and egg allergens as an egg replacer. The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality and possibility of egg white substitute with aquafaba in sponge cake. Physical characteristics, chemical composition and sensory properties of the cake samples were evaluated. The results demonstrated that foaming capacity values of aquafaba were 389.33% and egg white was 582.66%. Foam stability values were 85.49 % and 92.28 % in aquafaba and egg white, respectively. Water and oil absorption capacity of the aquafaba and egg white were 2.66 g/g 1.32 g/g, 2.94 g/g and 1.99g/g, respectively. The replacing of egg white by aquafaba did not greatly affect physicochemical parameters of the sponge cake made by using egg white. The cake made with aquafaba was slightly less moist than cake made with egg white (21.67%and 22.79%), had less height (4.21 and 4.47 cm), lower volume index (11.25 and 11.65 cm) and lower pH (7.95 and 8.02). Baking weight loss in aquafaba cake is 11.47% higher than egg white cake 9.09%. Sensory evaluation of aquafaba cake samples showed an acceptance and no negative effects in overall properties. The texture profile analysis of cakes prepared with aquafaba showed less hardness. The mineral composition (Zn, Cu, Mn, Ca, Fe, Mg and P) showed a high amount in aquafaba compared with egg white cake therefor, it could be is concluded that aquafaba is beneficial when instead of with egg white in eggless cake recipes.


One very important tool in the analysis of biogenic, and potentially biogenic, samples is the study of their stable isotope distributions. The isotope distribution of a sample depends on the process(es) that created it. One important application of the analysis of C & N stable isotope ratios has been in the determination of whether organic matter in a sample is of biological origin or was produced abiotically. For example, the delta C-13 of organic material found embedded in phosphate grains was cited as a critical part of the evidence for life in 3.8 billion year old samples. The importance of such analysis in establishing biogenicity was highlighted again by the role this issue played in the recent debate over the validity of what had been accepted as the Earth s earliest microfossils. These kinds of analysis imply a comparison with the fractionation that one would have seen if the organic material had been produced by alternative, abiotic, pathways. Could abiotic reactions account for the same level of fractionation? Additionally, since the fractionation can vary between different abiotic reactions, understanding their fractionations can be important in distinguishing what reactions may have been significant in the formation of different abiological samples (such as extraterrestrial samples). There is however, a scarcity of data on the fractionation of carbon and nitrogen by abiotic reactions. In order to interpret properly what the stable isotope ratios of samples tell us about their biotic or abiotic nature, more needs to be known about how abiotic reactions fractionate C and N. Carbon isotope fractionations have been studied for a few abiotic processes. These studies presumed the presence of a reducing atmosphere, focusing on reactions involving spark discharge, W photolysis of reducing gas mixtures, and cyanide polymerization in the presence of ammonia. They did find that the initial products showed a depletion in I3C with values in the range of a few per mil to as low as -60 % (potentially comparable to that which accompanies the biosynthesis of organic matter). We need to understand what kind of fractionations are observed with reactions under the non-reducing or mildly reducing conditions now thought to be present on the early Earth. While nitrogen is receiving increased attention as a tool for these kinds of analyses, almost nothing is known about the isotope fractionation that one would expect for abiotic sources of fixed/reduced nitrogen. This project will measure the fixation from a series of abiotic reactions that may have been present on the early Earth (and other terrestrial planets) and produced organic material that could have ended up in the rock record. The work will look at a number of reactions, under a non- reducing, or mildly reducing, atmosphere, covering sources of prebiotic organic C & N from shock heating, to photochemistry, to hydrothermal reactions. Some reactions that we plan to study are; Shock heating of a non-reducing atmosphere to produce CO and NO (in collaboration with Chris McKay), formation of formaldehyde (and related compounds) from COY the formation of ammonia from nitrogen oxides (ultimately from NO) by ferrous iron reduction, and the hydrothermal synthesis of compounds including the hydrocarboxylation/hydrocarbonylation reaction (in collaboration with George Cody), reactions of oxalate to form hydrocarbons and other oxygenated compounds and the formation of lipids from oxalic/formic acid (in collaboration with Tom McCollom), and reactions of carbon monoxide & carbon dioxide with N2, ammonia or nitritehitrate to form hydrogen cyanide, nitriles, ammonia/amines and nitrous


Abstract:China's intellectuals in the reform era have had significant impact on the country's foreign policy. The existing literature, however, shows a lack of interest in these experts' community, even though it is important in policy formation. This article investigates the foreign- policy community, particularly the one that focuses on the Korean peninsula, from the perspective of structure and agents. Specifically, it examines which experts play a role in producing China's discourses and to what extent, and how the experts' relationships have shaped the community. This study is conducted utilizing social-network analysis based on the experts' citations. The article points to the implications for interpreting the structure of China's policy discourses.


Patients with diabetes mellitus are prone to multiple complications such as diabetic foot ulcer (DFU). Diabetic foot ulcers are among the most common complications of patients who have diabetes mellitus which is not well controlled. Poor glycemic control results with the underlying complications such as peripheral vascular disease, neuropathy, or poor foot care and also one of the commonest aetiology for osteomyelitis of the foot and lower extremities amputation. Infections are often polymicrobial, multi drug resistant and associated with inadequate glycemic control. Although the cause of for diabetic foot ulcer is multifactorial. Diabetic neuropathy develops in 60% of diabetics which eventually leads to a foot ulcer. Individuals with a flat foot have disproportionate stress across their foot, leading to tissue inflammation and are at increased risk of foot ulcers. Many of the risk factors for foot ulcers are also predisposing factors for amputation, because ulcers are primary causes leading to amputation. The annual incidence of diabetic foot ulcer worldwide is between 9.1 to 26.1 million. Incidence of diabetic foot ulcer is seen in 15 to 25% of diabetic patients during their lifetime. There is no specific age for the occurrence of diabetic foot ulcers but are most prevalent in diabetics ages 45 and over. ABSTRACT


http://lan.sagepub.com/content/33/1/1.citation The online version of this article can be found at: DOI: 10.1258/002367799780578561 1999 33: 1 Lab Anim Zutphen T. Nevalainen, E. Berge, P. Gallix, B. Jilge, E. Melloni, P. Thomann, B. Waynforth and L. F. M. van Education of Specialists (Category D) accepted by the FELASA Board of Management Report of the Federation of Laboratory Animal Science Associations Working Group on FELASA guidelines for education of specialists in laboratory animal science (Category D):


The layered Li[Ni_xCo_(1-2x)Mn_x]O_2(x=0.25、0.33、0.4,0.5) materials are synthesized by spray pyrolysis methods,and characterized by means of SEM,XRD,ICP,charge/discharge tests etc techniques.The test results show that spherical Li[Ni_xCo_(1-2x)Mn_x]O_2 is prepared by spray pyrolysis and the chemical content of samples is well controlled.As the Co content increases,the lattice parameters of Li[Ni_xCo_(1-2x)Mn_x]O_2 decreased in a axis and c axis,but I_(003)/I_(104) increased.The result indicate that the Co content can stabilify the layered structure,and reduce structural disorder between Ni~(2+) and Li~+.The results of the electrochemical tests on 2025 coin-cells show high Co content samples have a higher specific discharge capacity,better rate performance and cycling characteristic.


Alpine wetlands play a sensitive function in global carbon cycle during the ongoing climate warming, yet the temporal patterns of carbon dynamics from in situ ground-based long-term observations remains unclear. Here, we analyzed the continuous net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE) measured with the eddy covariance technique over an alpine peatland on the northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau from 2007 to 2016. The wetland acted as a net CO2 source with a positive NEE (120.4 ± 34.8 gCm-2year-1, Mean ± S.D.), with the mean annual gross primary productivity (GPP) of 500.3 ± 59.4 gCm-2year-1 and annual ecosystem respiration (RES) of 620.7 ± 74.2 gCm-2year-1. At the seasonal scale, the classification and regression trees (CART) analysis showed that aggregated growing season degree days (GDD) was the predominant determinant on variations in monthly NEE and monthly GPP. Variations in monthly RES were determined by soil temperature (Ts). Furthermore, non-growing season Ts had a significant positive correlation with the following year annual GPP (p<0.05). Non-growing season RES only accounted for about 25% of annual RES, but had significant correlation with annual RES and annual NEE (p<0.05). The further partial correlation analysis showed that non-growing season air temperature (Ta, p = 0.05), rather than precipitation (PPT, p = 0.25) was a predominant determinant on variations in annual NEE. Our results highlighted the importance in carbon dynamics of climate fluctuations and CO2 emission from the non-growing season in alpine wetlands. We speculated that the vast peadlands would positively feedback to climate change on the Tibetan plateau where the non-growing season warming was significant.


Results of an analysis of ITS sequences for the subtribe Spiranthinae s.l. (Orchidaceae) are presented, and compared with results of morphological studies. To evaluate the monophyly of the subtribe, nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacers (ITS1 and ITS2) and the 5.8S gene were sequenced for 19 taxa of the tribe Spirantheae, with Erythrodes sp., Bonatea speciosa, Cynorkis sp., Pterostylis curta and Chloraea flavescens designated as an outgroup. For 8 taxa, sequences were taken from the GenBank. The results confirmed the current subtribal position of Cyclopogoninae, with members of the subtribe forming a moderately supported clade. The unexpected occurrence of Odontorrhynchos (Spiranthinae) within the Cyclopogoninae is discussed with reference to the results of morphological studies. Although some of the genera representing the subtribe Stenorrhynchidinae Szlach. form a weakly supported clade, the remaining taxa are variously grouped with Spiranthinae representatives, receiving moderately weak bootstrap support. The results do not provide evidence for the strict monophyly of Spiranthinae s.l. and Stenorrhynchidinae.


The invention discloses a multipurpose automatic turning bed. The multipurpose automatic turning bed consists of a front bed head, a rear bed head, a bed board middle frame, a left soft bed board, a right soft bed board and a defecation valve, wherein a bed board middle frame rotating shaft is arranged in the middle of the bed board middle frame; two ends of the rotating shaft are fixedly arranged in a fan-shaped central gear and a bed board rotating fan-shaped turbine in the front and rear bed heads through bearing seats; the bed board middle frame is also provided with a lifting bed board rotating shaft and a stretching bed board rotating shaft which form a horizontal angle of 90 degrees with the bed board middle frame rotating shaft; the lifting bed board rotating shaft and the stretching bed board rotating shaft are hinged to a lifting bed board and two stretching bed boards, the two stretching bed boards are hinged to each other, and gears engaged with each other are arranged on the two rotating shafts; one side of the left soft bed board and one side of the right soft bed board are fixedly arranged on the corresponding side of the bed board middle frame, and the other side of the left soft bed board and the other side of the right soft bed board are fixedly arranged and wound around a left soft bed board scroll and a right soft bed board scroll; two ends of the left soft bed board scroll and the right soft bed board scroll are fixedly arranged in the front and rear bed heads through the bearing seats; a forward tooth turbine and a reverse tooth turbine are arranged on two defecation valve rotating shafts respectively and are engaged with a forward tooth worm and a reverse tooth worm which are coaxial; each rotating shaft is driven by a corresponding motor.


As concerns about climate change escalate (IPCC, 2013), and the need for caution over management of natural resource scarcity and energy security becomes more evident, it is increasingly apparent that renewable energy generation must be utilised to a far greater extent if well-being is to be enhanced within planetary boundaries. It is not surprising, therefore, that questions are starting to emerge around how this sustainable future might be realised, and what roles and responsibilities must be taken by various actors within the political economy to provide the most effective means of managing this transition. This paper makes the case for energy resilience; one focusing not solely on the capacity to absorb shocks, but on the capacity for reorganisation, and for innovation and development.