Chronic pelvic venous insufficiency is a common pathology, but it is overlooked and underdiagnosed as it sits on the edge of two medical specialties: gynecology and vascular medicine. It manifests most frequently as pelvic varicose veins and pelvic venous reflux toward the lower limbs. When symptomatic, it is expressed in the pelvic area as a sometimes-disabling pelvic congestion syndrome and/or in the lower limbs as it supplies the varicose veins. Consequently, the isolated treatment of lower-limb varices without treating pelvic leaks when there is pelvic congestion syndrome may cause early recurrences. The ultrasound exploration allows the positive diagnosis of pelvic venous involvement and the classification by pathophysiological types, which is a key step before any treatment. The echo Doppler is also essential for the diagnosis of superficial points of pelvic venous leaks supplying lower-limb varicose veins. In most symptomatic patients, ultrasound exploration provides sufficient arguments to evaluate the relevance of the pelvic-level venous treatment. It leads to additional imaging techniques, if necessary, or directly to a hyperselective descending pelvic venography. This last investigation provides an accurate mapping of varicose veins and pelvic venous reflux.


The relevance of fiction has become a hot topic in the study of religion.1 A special place in these debates belongs to the investigation of how fiction transforms into religion, or in other words, how and why a text of fiction affords to be read as a religious text. In order to scrutinize the methodology for analysing these "fiction-based,"2 "invented,"3 or "hyper-real" religions,4 Markus Davidsen invited scholars in his field to a symposium at the University of Leiden in 2014. Two questions guided their research: "1) Can a distinction be drawn at all between religious narratives and supernatural fiction? 2) Can we determine which textual features it takes for a fictional narrative to afford religious use?" (2f). Five different perspectives, by Carole Cusack, Markus Davidsen, Laura Feldt, Dirk Johannsen, and Anders Petersen, were published in the special volume "Thematic Issue on Religion and Fiction" of Religion in 2016, edited and introduced by Davidsen. Recently, Routledge republished these articles under the title Narrative and Belief: Religious Affordance of Supernatural Fiction in a high-quality hardcover edition. Compact in its 126 pages, the reader encounters five highlevel reflections, which together spearhead a discussion on the intricate relations between factual, fictional, and religious realities, and thereby open new frontiers in historical, cognitive, and narratological domains. Davidsen's introductory


Abstract The present paper describes a study of the kinetics and mechanism of the heterocoagulation of two types of sensitized latexes in the presence of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG). Two identical polystyrene latexes bearing carboxylic acid surface groups were sensitized by covalent coupling of monoclonal antibodies specific for the αHCG determinant on one type of latex and for the βHCG determinant on the other type. Aggregation was initiated by addition of HCG to mixtures of the two sensitized latexes. Using the Coulter counter method, the aggregate size distribution c(n) was determined as a function of the number n of elementary constituents, thus enabling calculation of the number N(t) and weight S (t) average sizes of the aggregates. In one series of experiments, HCG was initially fixed only to one sensitized latex, the other remaining free of HCG. In a second series, the three components were mixed simultaneously. Comparison of the aggregation rates showed preferential recognition of HCG on the latex bearing the monoclonal antibody specific for the βHCG determinant, while the variations of the intrinsic reactivities with HCG concentration were attributed to a cooperative mechanism.


Preface D. B. Siniff Introduction R. M. Laws 1. Identification of species R. M. Laws 2. Estimation of population sizes A. W. Erickson, D. B. Siniff and A. J. Harwood 3. Immobilization and capture A. W. Erickson and M. N. Bester 4. Marking techniques and programmes A. W. Erickson, M. N. Bester and R. M. Laws 5. Telemetry and electronic technology J. L. Bengtson 6. Behaviour I. Stirling, R. L. Gentry and T. S. McCann 7. Killing methods W. N. Bonner 8. Morphometrics, specimen collection and preservation W. N. Bonner and R. M. Laws 9. Genetic based studies for stock separation P. D. Shaughnessy, R. J. Hofman, T. E. Dowling and W. M. Brown 10. Collection of material for determination of organochlorine and heavy metal levels P. D. Shaughnessy 11. Age determination T. S. McCann 12. Reproduction R. M. Laws and A. A. Sinha 13. Diet J. P. Croxall 14. Bioenergetics S. S. Anderson, D. Costa and M. A. Fedak 15. Development of technology and research needs R. M. Laws 16. Appendices Index.


Emulation of photonic synapses through photo‐recordable devices has aroused tremendous discussion owing to the low energy consumption, high parallel, and fault‐tolerance in artificial neuromorphic networks. Nonvolatile flash‐type photomemory with short photo‐programming time, long‐term storage, and linear plasticity becomes the most promising candidate. Nevertheless, the systematic studies of mechanism behind the charge transfer process in photomemory are limited. Herein, the physical properties of APbBr3 perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) on the photoresponsive characteristics of derived poly(3‐hexylthiophene‐2,5‐diyl) (P3HT)/PQDs‐based photomemory through facile A‐site substitution approach are explored. Benefitting from the lowest valance band maximum and longest exciton lifetime of FAPbBr3 quantum dot (FA‐QDs), P3HT/FA‐QDs‐derived photomemory not only exhibits shortest photoresponsive characteristic time compared to FA0.5Cs0.5PbBr3 quantum dots (Mix‐QDs) and CsPbBr3 quantum dots (Cs‐QDs) but also displays excellent ON/OFF current ratio of 2.2 upon an extremely short illumination duration of 1 ms. Moreover, the device not only achieves linear plasticity of synapses by optical potentiation and electric depression, but also successfully emulates the features of photon synaptic such as pair‐pulse facilitation, long‐term plasticity, and multiple spike‐dependent plasticity and exhibits extremely low energy consumption of 3 × 10−17 J per synaptic event.


Abstract Radical cation salts of pure hydrocarbons are model systems for organic conductors. Electron spin resonance experiments in (Fluoranthene)2PF6 − are reviewed with special emphasis on the elucidation of conduction band properties. Pulsed ESR measurements allow the direct determination of the diffusion constant of the electrons. Double resonance techniques like the Overhauser shift method allow a detailed investigation of the anisotropic hyperfine interaction of the conduction electrons with protons and 13C. The Overhauser shift technique complements Knight shift experiments. The conduction band characteristics derived from these experiments are strongly influenced by the molecular orbitals.


Abstract Transnational students and families are those who cross real and metaphoric borders, spanning countries, to engage family and community in meaningful ways. Based on a three-year, multi-sited ethnographic study, I show the distinct ways of knowing of four Mexican-origin, working class families and how the U.S. schools where the children from these families study hardly recognize these ways of knowing. The families' ways of knowing can be characterized as a form of what Gloria Anzaldúa calls conocimiento, or knowing, under three interweaving categories: Nepantlera or in-between, bridge-building knowing; sobrevivencia or survivalist knowing; and chained knowing, in which families are chained in their knowing to the realities of the U.S./Mexican border and their extended communities and families who also are impacted by the border. The article shows that schools recognize neither transnational practices, such as return trips to Mexico, nor transnational ways of knowing. Educators may strengthen their own ways of knowing and create a more equitable pedagogy for all students if they learn to help co-construct the bridges families such as the ones in this study have already begun to build.


During the last decades a combination of business trends has caused companies to rely increasingly on relationships with other firms. Despite the popularity of inter-organizational relationships, e ...


Hot water extract of cashew nut's stem bark (Anacardium occcidentale L.) traditionally has been used as mouth washer to heal mouth and gum inflammation. Combination of aqueous extract of cashew nut stem bark and grape juice have anti-inflammatory activity. Cashew nut stem bark contains gallic acid and anacardic acid that had anti-inflammatory effect. The aim of this research is to observe anti-inflammatory activity of the hot water extract of Cashew nut's stem bark compared to Indomethacin Non-Steroid Anti-inflammatory Drug. This research's process consists of collection of the stem barks, extraction of the stem bark by hot water, qualitative analysis of gallic acid and anacardic acid, measurement total phenolic value, free radical scavenging and antiinflamatory activity assay. The hot water extract of stem bark was used to observe anti-inflammatory activity by 1.25; 2.5; 5g/kgBB and as positive control was indomethacin 10 mg/kgBB. The result of edema volume determination were counted as area under curve value and anti-inflammatory percentage and then the data were analyzed to evaluate the data difference of every group. The anti-inflammatory activity of 1.25; 2.5 and 5g/kgBB were not significantly different compared to 10 mg/kg BB indomethacin. The total phenolic concentration was gradually decreasing with the increasing concentration of the hot water extract of stem bark. The free radical scavenging DPPH activity at 1mg/mL hot water extract of stem bark was poorly than gallic acid 1mg/mL.


The hypertension belongs to the categories of ″dizziness″ in traditio nal Chinese medicine. The pathogenesis of dizziness is divided into types of hyp eractivity of liver yang,deficiency of kidney essences,insufficiency of both qi and blood,phlegm and dampness accumulation inside and blood stasis and the obstr uction of collaterals by later doctors. According to the pathogenic factors and pathogenesis,5 therapeutic methods are summarized. They are removing dampness by extinguishing wind,removing dampness by nourishing kidney and warmth smoothing, tonifying spleen to eliminate phlegm,promoting blood circulation and removing th e blood stasis,and nourishing both qi and blood etc.


In the mid-1990s, after eighteen years of Conservative rule, there was much talk about the prospects for a progressive century. Tony Blair, under the tutelage of Roy Jenkins, made it clear that he wanted to end the schism on the centre-left. Paddy Ashdown saw the same opportunity. Ironically, the electorate's desire to kick out the Conservatives and vote in progressives of any stripe delivered a Labour landslide that made cooperation impossible for Blair and Ashdown. Some progressive policies, notably on the constitution, have been implemented, but the political and intellectual roots to create a progressive century have yet to be properly established. Foreign policy divisions, especially on Iraq, have made this much more difficult. This article looks at the prospects for progressives—under new leadership—up to and after the next election in terms of ideas and policy.


There has been an historical struggle in professional psychology to provide a broad and general core without identifying the critical components necessary or how these components are linked to educational and professional outcomes. A conceptual model is presented that encourages more creative approaches to broad and general education and provides a theoretical grounding for implementation of alternative approaches that lend themselves to tracking educational outcomes. Alternative methods to ensure broad and general training include (a) a greater attention to preadmission preparation and (b) the use of alternatives to core courses such as menu driven coursework, competency portfolios, and comprehensive examinations. Examples of these methods are presented in detail. Program directors, regulators, and accrediting bodies need to consider this conceptual, outcome driven model, for evaluating programs and graduates with respect to broad and general preparation.


Shearing heterodyne interferometry systems with ultrasonic light modulators and/or a grating are presented. Various types of optical configuration and signal processing technique are discussed. Some experimental results with interferometric measurements of specular surface shape, deformation, and vibration amplitude are also presented. Applications of the interferometers are discussed, and preliminary experimental results of a scanning differential microscope and position sensing are reviewed.


Dr. Roberto Calderon, professor of history at the University of North Texas, is seen through the stacks at the library.


The design of organic molecules opt for drug molecules holds tremendous promise for success in both the present and future. Among the various types of compounds, heterocyclic compounds play a...


In order to inquire into the processes of densification versus grain growth and the effect of the microstructure on the mechanical property of the TiO2 nanoceramics,the TiO2 nanopowders with various mean particle sizes synthesized by sol-gel method were used to sinter bulk TiO2 nanoceramics.The results show that the bulk TiO2 nanoceramics with an average grain size of less than 60 nm and a relative density over 95% are prepared by a phase-transformation-assisted pressureless sintering method at 800 ℃.The relative density of the TiO2 nanoceramics increases rapidly whereas the average grain size increases slowly with the increase of sintering temperature below 800 ℃.The higher sintering temperature above 800 ℃ enhances the densification of the TiO2 nanoceramics,but increases intensively the average grain size of the TiO2 nanoceramics.The Vickers microhardness of the TiO2 nanoceramics is mainly related to the relative density and average grain size of the TiO2 nanoceramics.Namely,the Vickers microhardness increases with the increase of relative density and the decrease of the average grain size.


Aiming at the problem of fixed-time trajectory tracking control for high-order dynamic systems with external time-varying disturbance and input dead-zone, an adaptive fixed-time sliding mode control algorithm is proposed by employing a fixed-time sliding mode disturbance observer (FTSMDO) and high-order fixed-time sliding mode algorithm. Firstly, a FTSMDO is presented for the problem that estimating the compound disturbance is composed of input dead-zone and time-varying external disturbance in the higher-order dynamic system, which cannot be measured accurately. Furthermore, for the case that the total disturbance of the system has an unknown upper bound, the corresponding adaptive law is designed to estimate the unknown upper bound, and the fixed-time controller is designed based on FTSMDO algorithm to make all state variables converge in a fixed-time. Based on Lyapunov technique, the fixed-time convergence performance of the proposed algorithm is proved. The effectiveness of the presented fixed-time control algorithm is verified by simulating the depth tracking control of the underactuated underwater vehicle.


Academic achievement in higher education has been linked to academic ability and a student's experiences at university. Factors affecting the student experience include demographics (age, gender, ethnicity), and contextual factors (living arrangements, sense of belonging (SOB)).1 Whether SOB is relevant to understanding pharmacy students' academic achievement has not been investigated.

 This study aims to investigate SOB in students on one MPharm programme and its associations with demographic / contextual factors and academic achievement.

 A questionnaire was distributed to all MPharm students at one university (n=601). It included a SOB instrument2 measuring five domains (perceived peer support, faculty support, classroom comfort, isolation, empathetic faculty understanding), demographic and contextual factors, and consent to link responses to end of year marks. Mean marks, % rank, one-way ANOVA with Tukey HST post hoc tests, independent samples t-tests and Pearson's correlation co-efficient were calculated in SPSS v25 to investigate associations between SOB and demographic / contextual factors and academic achievement. Results: Four-hundred-and-forty-seven students responded (74.4%), of whom 80.1% consented to data linkage with assessment marks. Of the respondents, 317 (71.9%) were female, 408 (91.9%) were younger than 21 when commencing their MPharm, and 275 (61.5%) lived with other students. Respondents' ethnicity was: 128 (32.8%) white, 158 (40.5%) asian, 53 (13.6%) black, 51 (13.1%) chinese. Analysis suggests SOB domains varied significantly in relation to demographic and contextual factors, with perceived peer support and perceived isolation in particular associated with multiple factors investigated (see Table 1).
 Analysis of mean % rank (f=8.601, p=0.001) revealed that white students achieved significantly higher (64.6) than asian (51.5, p= 0.002), black (50.4, p=0.006), and chinese (41.9, p=0.014) students. Students who lived with other students achieved a significantly higher mean % rank (58.3), than those who did not (48.3, t=3.251, p=0.001). A positive correlation was identified between perceived peer support (r=0.211, p=0.001) and % rank. Perceived isolation was negatively correlated to % rank (r= -0.192, p=0.001).

 Although limited to one UK school of pharmacy, yet with a good mix of student ethnicity, findings suggest important differences in the student experience, and that for some subgroups this may be associated with their academic achievement. This study offers valuable understanding of factors potentially impacting academic achievement, and provides insights to inform targeted interventions aimed at improving the student experience with a view to addressing SOB and achievement gaps. Further research is required to quantify the effect of the factors and their interdependence.

 1. Mountford-Zimdars A, Sabri D, Moore J, Sanders J, Jones S, & Higham L. (2015). Causes of differences in student outcomes. Report for HEFCE by Kings College London, ARC Network and the University of Manchester. Available at: https://dera.ioe.ac.uk/23653/1/HEFCE2015_diffout.pdf accessed October 2020.
 2. Hoffman M, Richmond J, Morrow J, & Salomone K. (2002). Investigating "Sense of Belonging" in First-Year College Students. Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice, 4(3), pp. 227–256.


In this paper we demonstrate that the improvement in the emission intensity afforded by the introduction of multiquantum barrier (MQB) structures in an InGaN/GaN multiple-quantum-well (MQW) light-emitting diode (LED) is attributable to increased excitation cross sections. Over the temperature range from 300 to 20 K, the excitation cross sections of the MQW emissions possessing MQB structures were between 9.6 × 10-12cm2and 5.3 × 10-15cm2, while those possessing GaN barriers were between 8.1 × 10-12cm2and 4.5 × 10-15cm2. We found, however, that the figure of merit for the LED light output was the capture fraction of the cross section; we observed that the dependence of the optical intensity on the temperature coincided with the evolution of the capture fraction. This analysis permitted us to assign the capture cross-section ratios at room temperature for the MQWs with MQBs and with GaN barriers as 0.46 and 0.35. Furthermore, the MQW system possessing well-designed MQB structures not only exhibited the thermally insensitive luminescence but also inhibited energetic carrier overflow.


Abstract Taoism has been one of the most influential philosophies and religions during the past 2,500 years in China, and it affects every aspect of Chinese life, including leisure. Although typical Western understandings and practices of leisure differ quite markedly from those in China, leisure is, in fact, readily identifiable in the daily lives of common Chinese people through the influence of both philosophical and religious Taoism. These influences can be seen in Chinese people's close connection to the natural world, the concepts of holistic wellness and health care, the practice of martial arts, traditional arts such as painting and poetry, enjoyment of cultural activities and celebrations, and tourism. As Chinese scholars strive to introduce leisure studies and services in their home country, it is important for the global community to continue to identify both the similarities and differences in the understanding and practice of leisure between North America and China. This paper begins that process through an examination of the impact of Taoism on Chinese leisure.


The objectives of this research are to investigate the mechanism of coagulation affecting UF, find out the effect of metal salt coagulant on membrane fouling. Either rapid mixing + UF or slow mixing + UF process caused much less flux decline. For PACl coagulant, the rate of flux decline was reduced for both hydrophilic and hydrophobic membrane than alum due to higher formation of flocs. In addition, the rate of flux decline for the hydrophobic membrane was significantly greater than for the hydrophilic membrane, regardless of pretreatment conditions. In general, Coagulation pretreatment significantly reduced the fouling of the hydrophilic membrane, but did little decrease the flux reduction of the hydrophobic membrane. When an Al(III) salt is added to water, monomers, polymers, or solid precipitates may form. Different Al(III) coagulants (alum and PACl) show to have different Al species distribution over a rapid mixing condition. During the rapid mixing period, for alum, formation of dissolved Al(III) (monomer and polymer) increases, but for PACl, precipitates of Al(OH)3(s) increases rapidly. This experimental results pointed out that precipitates of Al(OH)3(s) rather than dissolved Al(III) formation is major factor affecting flux decline for the membrane.


On the occasion of the 150th anniversary of the memorable 1857 Rebellion, this book situates the way the nature of the Rebellion has been debated over the last century and a half. This is achieved by tracing the historiography of the Rebellion and incorporating vital selections - including tracts from some out-of-print books - to bring to the reader a comprehensive picture of the Rebellion. The volume also brings together the expanding boundaries of research, some historians have traced its interactions with the adivasis, explored gender-related issues and brought out fascinating aspects related to the mentalities of the Rebellion. The editor's introduction deals with the debates and the historiography while raising new questions and potential research areas. The selection has essays from very prominent historians like Eric Stokes, Christopher Bayly, Rurangshu Mukherjee, Tapati Roy, Rajat K. Ray and others. This book forms the nineth volume of the prestigious Debates in Indian History and Society series.The debates and themes volumes in general have been very popular among the students and teachers and are being used as teaching tools for undergraduate and post-graduate courses in history at many universities.


Abstract In the field, porina (Wiseana spp.) larvae were individually isolated and each fed weighed amounts of white clover (Trifolium repens) leaves until pupation. The experiment was carried out over 2 consecutive years. In 1969 the average nightly intake of white clover (green weight) for a healthy larva increased from 0.0078 g in May to 0.0340 g in September. In 1970, the average nightly intake increased from 0.0068 g in March to 0.0226 g in September. The feeding behaviour of individual larvae was found to be very irregular. Over the approximate 8-month long subterranean stage, all larvae had at least one non-feeding period of one night or more, and in many situations this exceeded 10 consecutive nights. The mean number of larvae which fed on anyone night was 50% of the population.


Fundamental experiences have been studied for development of pre-treatment process of Sn by-prod-ucts such as solders. Dry and wet separation/recovery processes were considered by the differences of physicalproperties. The by-products, which are analyzed by solder metal and oxides. The metal and oxide were simplyseparated by dry ball-milling process for 12 hours, after that recovery metal powder might be reusable as lead orlead-free solders. In terms of wet separation process, samples were dissolved in HNO3+H2O2 and the precipita-tion were analyzed by SnO2. Overall efficiency of recovery might be increasing via developing simple pre-treat-ment process.


A subset C of the infinite-dimensional Boolean cube {0,1} N is called a perfect binary code with distance 3 if all balls of radius 1 (in the Hamming metric) with centres in C are pairwise disjoint and their union covers the cube {0,1} N. A perfect binary code in the zero layer {0,1}^, consisting of all vectors of the cube {0,1} N having finite supports, is defined similarly. It is proved that the cardinality of the set of all equivalence classes of perfect binary codes in the zero layer {0,1}^ is continuum. At the same time, the cardinality of the set of all equivalence classes of perfect binary codes in the whole cube {0,1} N is hypercontinuum.


Abstract With the advent of laser application in ophthalmology, iridotomy has become a well-accepted routine procedure for angle closure glaucoma. However, spike elevation of intraocular pressure (IOP) after laser procedure, especially in those severely compromised eyes, remains to be overcome by laser surgeons. In the past year, argon and Nd-YAG laser iridotomy was performed on 434 eyes of 274 patients with primary angle closure glaucoma. The patients were divided into four groups to evaluate the hypotensive effect of carteolol. Group I was pretreated with pilocarpine, Group II with pilocarpine and acetazolamide, Group III with pilocarpine and carteolol, and Group IV with pilocarpine, acetazolamide, and carteolol. In the group treated with carteolol and acetazolamide, the post-laser IOP elevation is significantly less than in the other groups. The difference is especially significant for the Nd-YAG laser group. The 2-hour postlaser IOP elevation is positively correlated with the prelaser IOP, while no su...


Although research supports the use of telecommunications in distance education, the more important question 'how best to use telecommunications in a given situation' has largely eluded researchers. This is due to the failure to link questions generated by the problems of practice with the theoretical constructs contributing to the understanding of the phenomena of distance education. The debate has occurred on two levels, the first relating to research design issues and the second to the conceptualisation of researchable questions. The authors address both levels from the vantage point of third generation telecommunications technologies. They offer a model for linking research and evaluation in distance education.


Recently, the ordinary qualitative criterion on how to distinguish between coherent and incoherent convolutions of broadband coherent anti-Stokes Raman (CARS) signals generated by degenerate pump lasers has been revised in view of a quantitative analysis. The revision has established that incoherent CARS approach can be justified as unitary limit of the function ] erfc(Γ/σ1)/σ1, where Γ and σ1 are respectively the spectral widths of the Raman line and the degenerate pump lasers. The result was, however, limited to nonoverlapping Raman lines. In this work, the extension to a more common situation of closely spaced Raman transitions is considered. For large overlap between adjacent Raman lines, the new analysis suggests significant deviations from the previous result. Weak line mixing is also taken into consideration. Nonetheless, all types of deviations are characterized by a common tendency toward the incoherent limit. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


This paper draws from my doctoral research with a community of competitive Halo 3 players, an ethnography of local, national and international digital gaming tournaments that explores the professionalization of digital play, orchestrated by an emergent 'e-Sports' industry. The research for the paper makes use of audiovisual clips of team-based competitive Halo 3 tournament play at three different sites – a small-scale Toronto-based LAN tournament, a 2008 Major League Gaming (MLG) event, and the 2008 World Cyber Games (WCG) in Cologne, Germany – to examine how, when and where gender is enacted as players engage in emergent forms of digital play that are discursively framed, and aggressively marketed, as sport.


In order to reduce the coal mine large reactive power of electrical equipment,further reduce the harm of harmonic in power grid,the practice and research showed that mine SVG reactive compensation power saving technology and electricity-saving rebuilding had good effect on reducing harmonic current,harmonic voltage that produced in mechanized working face large use of inverter,rectifier equipment and power electronic equipment running,which fully compensated reactive power consumption equipment,greatly improved the power factor of the equipment and ensured the efficient economic operation.


We study the virial relations for ultracold trapped two component Fermi gases in the case of short finite range interactions. Numerical verifications for such relations are reported through the BCS-BEC crossover. As an intermediate step, it is necessary to evaluate the partial derivatives of the many body energy with respect to the inverse of the scattering length and with respect to the interaction range. They are found to have extreme values at the unitary limit. The virial results are used to check the quality of the variational wave function involved in the calculations.


A silver-catalyzed oxidative intermolecular [3 + 2]/[5 + 2] annulation of N-arylpropiolamides with 4-vinyl acids for producing fused 2H-benzo[b]azepin-2-ones is described. This radical-mediated annulation reaction features broad substrate scope and excellent selectivity, and enables the formation of three new C–C bonds through oxidative decarboxylation, [3 + 2]/[5 + 2] annulations, and C(sp2)-H functionalization cascades. Employing this silver-catalyzed oxidative strategy, common terminal alkynes were successfully converted into cyclopentenes via intermolecular [3 + 2] annulation.


The importance of the research is defined by the need to develop a system of social competence forming. The subject of the article is the system-activity approach as the scientific research background. This approach provides a comprehensive study and enables the construction of the educational system of social competence forming for the students of a boarding school. The novelty of the study is that the system of social competence forming for the students of a boarding school, based on the system-activity, axiological and competence-cultural approaches, has been developed. It includes the interconnected blocks of teacher's and students' activities, containing the managing, contenttechnological, motivational, informational, activity, correction subsystems. The significance of the study is determined by the implementation of the system of social competence forming for the students of a boarding school and pedagogical conditions worked out for its effective functioning. The developed system can be considered a universal one, since its components are governed by the general requirements to the improvement of the quality of general education as well as by the requirements to the personality. The system is characterized by: integrity, since all these components are interconnected and are aimed at a particular result, which is to achieve a higher level of formation of social competence at a boarding school; pragmatism; openness, as the system is integrated into the educational process of a boarding school. All the blocks of the system and their content are linked to form a complete educational system aimed at solving the problems of the research.


contraction of the adductor pollicis is monitored after stirnulation of the ulnar nerve above the wrist. Recently variability of the responses in various muscles was observed. For example, it is shown that the orbiculaiis oculi recovers faster than the adductor pollicis (3,4). The adductor pollicis response depends upon a number of factors: resistance of the skin, type of electrode jelly, size of the electrodes, location of the electrodes, location of the electrode buttons (central or peripheral), needle or surface electrodes, amperage of the stimulus (must be supramaximal, 30-60 mA), and duration of the stimulus (0.1-0.3 ms). Despite all the precautions, we encounter an occasional patient with a poor or no adductor pollicis response. These patients have no neuromuscular disease. The response of the orbicularis oculi muscle was normal. An anatomic abnormality could be the cause of the altered response, but the incidence of the anomalous innervation has not been documented. There is a variation of innervation of the small muscles of the hand in 20% of individuals. However, the adductor pollicis (commonly innervated by the ulnar nerve) is suppIied by the median nerve in 2.7% of individuals (5,6). We would like to bring to the attention of anesthesiologists that anatomic variation of innervation can be a factor for an abnormal adductor pollicis response to ulnar nerve stimulation in a small percentage of individuals. When suspected of this variation, other muscles such as the hypothenar muscles or orbicularis oculi should be monitored; otherwise, erroneous administration of muscle relaxants can occur.


An analysis of x-ray data from two series of Z-pinch shots taken on the short current-risetime Saturn accelerator at Sandia National Laboratories [Proceedings of 6th International IEEE Pulsed Power Conference, Arlington, VA, edited by P. J. Turchi and B. H. Bernstein (IEEE, New York, 1987), p. 310] is presented. In one series, the array radius was held constant and the array mass was varied; in the other series, the array mass was held constant and its radius varied. In both sets of experiments, large wire-number loads (N⩾93) of aluminum were used in contrast to earlier small wire-number aluminum array experiments on Saturn where N⩽42. Average electron temperatures and ion densities were inferred from the data. In addition, from the measured size of the emission region of K-shell x rays and from the inferred ion density, a fraction of the total array mass that participated in the K-shell emission was inferred and found to be directly correlated to the K-shell yields that were measured. This paper also dem...


Covid-19 pandemic has presented with unprecedented challenges to mankind. The index case was registered in Wuhan, People's Republic of China (PRC). Since then it has rapidly spread to more than 200 countries and territories just over a span of three months leading to more than 1.7 lakh deaths globally. Containment of infection and breaking the chain of the transmission in the community is of primary concern. This article stress on the need of healthy lifestyle, ayurvedic modalities to supplement the immune system and various herbs as well as medicines under evaluation for possible role in management of Covid-19 patients.


Ion engines and Hall thrusters commonly use xenon as a propellant and several measurement techniques for xenon ions and metastable neutrals have been applied to evaluate the characteristics of the thrusters and to understand the underlying physics. Density measurements of xenon atoms can provide crucial information on the ionization characteristics and help explain charge exchange phenomenon. Two-photon absorption laser induced fluorescence, TALIF, is promising because it allows access to ground state xenon atoms by using around 220 to 260 nm wavelength lasers which have become more readily available lately. In this study, observation of TALIF signals from a room temperature (cold) xenon gas cell is conducted with 249 and 252 nm wavelength excitation at xenon pressures of 0.1 and 10 Torr. TALIF signals are obtained against a wide range of laser intensities, and the resulting fluorescence response comprises of a few regimes – weak-excitation, saturation, and an intermediate regime. The natural lifetime and quenching rate are evaluated by analyzing the fluorescence decay, and the result is consistent with published literature. Finally, actual application to ground tests of Hall thrusters is discussed based on the experimental results, especially with respect to their fluorescence responses. Nomenclature Aij = Spontaneous emission probability Bij = Stimulated emission and absorption probabilities through two-photon process I = Laser intensity k = Quenching rate constant N = Total number density Ni = Number density of state i Q = Quenching rate SF = Fluorescence intensity V = Volume of observation region  = Solid angle to observation region  = Time constant 1 Associate Senior Research Engineer, Space Technology Directorate I. 2 Associate Senior Research Engineer, Research and Development Directorate. 3 Research Engineer, Research and Development Directorate. 4 Assistant Professor, Institute of Space and Astronautical Science. 5 Researcher, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering.


This paper describes a new sigma-delta (/spl Sigma/-/spl Delta/) frequency synthesizer for Gaussian frequency and minimum shift keying (GFSK/GMSK) modulation. The key innovation is an automatic calibration circuit which tunes the phase-locked loop (PLL) response to compensate for process tolerance and temperature variation. The availability of this new calibration method allows the use of precompensation techniques to achieve high data rate modulation without requiring factory calibration. The calibration method can be applied to GFSK/GMSK modulation and also M-ary FSK modulation. The PLL, including 1.8-GHz voltage controlled oscillator (VCO), /spl Sigma/-/spl Delta/ modulator, and automatic calibration circuit, has been implemented in a 0.6-/spl mu/m BiCMOS integrated circuit. The test chip achieves 2.5 Mb/s using GFSK and 5.0 Mb/s using 4-FSK.


India has rapidly approved and rolled out Covaxin, its own covid-19 vaccine. Kamala Thiagarajan examines what we know so far.


Objective A RP-HPLC method for the determination of cisapride, methyl-and propyl parahydroxybenzoate in suspension was described in the paper. Method The column was packed with ODS, using ethyl parahydroxybenzoate as internal standard. The mobile phase was a mixture of 0.2% ammonium carbonate-acetonitrile-tetrahydrofuran(42∶39∶19). Chromatography was performed with ultraviolet detector at 238 nm. The flow rate was 1.0 mL·min -1. Results Plate(n3 000) and resolution of cisapride, methyl-and propyl parahydroxybenzoate were satisfied. The average recovery were 99.5%, 99.0%, 101.1%. RSD1.1%, 0.8%, 0.8%(n=6). Conclusion This method was simple, rapid and accurate.


Due to enormous technological progress during the last decade, fully autonomous cars are closer than ever to becoming a reality. However, the precise direction this development will take is not clear yet and car manufacturers are desperately trying to come up with innovative concepts. Regarding interior design most of these concepts come down to rotating seats, a retracting steering wheel and an overload of digitally presented information, representing rather a technology push than design driven innovation. In this thesis the future desires of the user are put first. By looking at the domain of human mobility in the year 2035, the "loss of irrationality" is identified as one of the biggest issue to people in that domain and therefore serves as a starting point for design. The loss of irrationality refers to the circumstance that there are more and more laws introduced which limit irrational behavior in public spaces such as drinking and smoking. Nowadays, a car is the most common everyday object that still allows for irrational use. It is a symbol for adventure and especially popular because of its archaic attraction. However, due to steady progress in advanced driving assistance systems, the irrational aspect of driving gradually decreased over the last decades and will be completely eliminated with the introduction of fully autonomously driving cars. This is not about people being afraid of the "new rationality" to come, it is about people being afraid of letting go the irrational. And this is equally true to the user as well to the car companies, whose brand identities are built upon those irrational aspects. Taking that as a starting point, the author uses a gamification approach in order to design an interior concept for autonomously driving cars that motivates the user to embrace irrational behavior and serves the car manufacturers as a means to effectively communicate their brand identity. The final outcome of this thesis is an instrument panel for the next generation Ford Mustang of the year 2025 which will be capable of highly autonomous driving (SAE level 4). It allows the customer to add a certain personality to their car when being in autonomous mode. A different personality or character will show a different driving behavior. The car's personality is represented by an avatar in the form of a virtual animation displayed in the instrument panel. It is only visible and active during autonomous mode in order to create a clear distinction towards the conventional mode. As part of the gamified experience, the user is given the possibility to level up their avatar. The higher the level, the more personalized the experience becomes. Although the actual game design is not included in the scope of this thesis, the author gives an overview about different game mechanics as a starting point for further development of the concept. Since the benefits of autonomous driving can only be fully realized when they go along with the widespread use of car sharing and car pooling services, all avatar related information are saved on a token. Once the avatar is connected to the car the avatar is 'unleashed'. While this concept can be implemented by any OEM, it can be adapted to the brand identity of the respective brand. This project gives Ford, the long time innovator in the automotive space, an opportunity to embrace a completely different approach to autonomous driving, the next big step in the industry. They would differentiate themselves from all other players in offering a unique solution that increases their customer's brand loyalty through emotitional appeal.


Electroless plating was used to prepare nickel particles as catalysts to generate hydrogen by methane decomposition. Nickel particles were supported on SBA‐15 mesoporous silica structures which have good mechanical strength and are thermally stable. Ag particles were first prepared and attached on the support surface as seeds for the Ni particles. Electroless nickel plating provides a uniform deposition of Ni particles on the Ag/support surface and produces varying loadings of nickel deposits. These favorable features of the combined electroless nickel plating and catalyst support are a good catalyst candidate for thermal decomposition of methane. The results showed medium interaction of the catalyst with the support and exposed a higher nickel loading on the support surface. The activity of the catalysts was investigated under two temperature‐programmed processes involving a constant temperature mode and a stepwise heating temperature mode. The Ni/SBA‐15 catalyst was characterized using ion chromatography, transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and hydrogen temperature‐programmed reduction. The performance of the catalyst was dependent on the catalyst loading and reaction temperature. The 32 wt% Ni/SBA‐15 catalyst exhibited the best catalytic performance with a stable methane conversion of 0.44 at 575°C. The 32 wt% Ni/SBA‐15 catalyst also withstood the highest resistance to deactivation. The results of this study demonstrated the feasibility of using electroless nickel plating technique for the preparation of catalyst for the catalytic methane decomposition reaction.


Nature confronts us at every turn with patterns—whether the stately spiral shapes of galaxies and hurricanes or the beautiful symmetries of snowflakes and silicon. A host of processes can play a role in forming natural patterns, though they usually involve an interaction between the transport and the thermodynamic properties of the matter and radiation involved.


College students' residence hall, which arises during the reform of college rear service socialization,is different from traditional college students' dormitory in many aspects. Among the short porch type, the winding corridor type, the hotel type and the unit type of students' residence halls,the unit type is superior to any other types. College students' residence hall should meet the students' multiple demands of social association, study,storing, service, management and so on.


What does the educational research say about the merits of homework and about how we should be using and setting homework in secondary education? John Dabell takes a look


The study deals with a brief history of organised crime in Hungary
in the past and today. One of the biggest sources of revenue for organised
crime is prostitution. Hundreds of victims are reported daily. In addition to
this, a new strategic approach has emerged, linked to the upward management
of organised crime. Prostitutes volunteer for work, the organised groups
do not use violence, and illicit earnings are distributed among themselves
on the basis of work done. The girls are transferred to rich countries where
rich people can enjoy their services through a built-in agency system. Many
girls are referred to Dubai, where the new form of Hungarian prostitution is
thriving: the 'dubai-ing' phenomenon. The study presents, through a case
study, the phenomenon of 'dubai-ing', and the activities of organised criminal
groups. The method used is critical source analysis, basic historical
research, as well as case and judgement/verdict analysis. This is not a classic
analysis, but a criminal analysis of specifi c cases. The strategic aim is to
collect data which can show the new profi le of organised crime in the 21st
century.


Proton-form silica-titania gel of mole ratio 1:1 exhibited high ion-exchange abilities for ammonia in aqueous solutions. Its apparent capacity increased with increasing pH of solution tested, which attained above 4 mmol g−1 at pH 9. Separation of ammonia and sodium in aqueous solution loaded in advance on the silica-titania gel was complete when used hydrochloric acid as an eluent.


This paper studies on sensorless control technology applied in permanent magnet synchronous motor. With respect to the problems in existing test method for initial position, the paper starts with the technology to observe flux linkage and detect initial position used in sensorless control technology in direct-drive permanent magnet wind driven generator, and on this base, a theory of detecting rotor initial position by mixing two-phase with three-phase for breakover is put forward. After simulation analysis, the correctness is verified, then on-site experiments are conducted on direct-drive permanent magnet wind driven generator twin trawling experimental platform provided by some cooperative institutions, with the direct-drive permanent magnet wind driven generator set on a condition with slow-speed of revolution. It turns out that the method of mixing two-phase with three-phase for breakover could not onlydetect the rotor initial position quickly and effectively, but also possibly control the error within ±15° electrical angle. At the same time, it is applicable for the low cost, easy to implement, which is capable of meeting the requirements to start a direct-drive permanent magnet wind driven generator.


Leigh-Post, Karen. Mind-Body Awareness for Singers: Unleashing Optimal Performance. San Diego, CA: Plural Publishing, 2014. Paper, xliii, 216 pp., $49.95. ISBN 978-1-59756-444-1 www.pluralpublishing.comThe link between body and mind in successful singing has been widely acknowledged for several decades. Singers routinely incorporate aspects of tai-chi, yoga, meditation, Feldenkrais, and the Alexander Technique to enhance performance, and books such as A Soprano on Her Head, by Eloise Ristad (Moab, UT: Real People Press, 1982), The Inner Game of Music, by Barry Green and W. Timothy Gallwey (New York: Doubleday, 1986), and Power Performance for Singers, by Shirlee Emmons and Alma Thomas (New York: Oxford University Press, 1998) have been standard resources for singers for more than thirty years. Karen Leigh-Post delves deeper into the mind-body connection by clarifying the role of the nervous system in the act of performance. She offers a compilation of research, mostly from the field of neuroscience, and its relevance to singing. Writing from a perspective of both science and performance, Leigh-Post offers insight into the integration of the conscious mind-including imagination-and the unconscious processes of the nervous system within the context of voice pedagogy.The author's goal is to encourage singers and teachers of singing to consider not only the skeletal and muscular structures of the body in body awareness, but also the neural systems that stimulate and control those structures. Leigh-Post's research focuses on the role of sensorimotor processing in cognition and body awareness in singing. Sensorimotor processing is the management of neural information, from both sensory and motor systems, to accomplish a given task. Leigh-Post postulates that including cognitive neuroscience in the discussion of voice pedagogy will clarify how thoughts stimulate purposeful action with descriptions that are more specific than metaphors.The author recognizes that, although singers are familiar with many of the anatomic systems, neural anatomy is not often included in voice pedagogy books. One of the first sections in this volume is an illustrated guide to the nervous system that explains, with the aid of diagrams, the design and function of the brain. The sensory information collected is the source of knowledge. Moreover, the sensorimotor controls, despite operating at a largely unconscious level, can monitor and correct behavior. For singers, this means they are attending to the sound and making subtle changes according to the feedback they are receiving. This feedback includes the vibrations that are conducted by the bone to the auditory and vestibular receptors in the inner ear.The crux of this research, however, is application. How does knowing the role of sensorimotor information help singers in performance? …


INTRODUCTION When I published a book called Language, Society and Identity in 1985, the final word in the title was not a particularly common one in the social-scientific literature. There had, of course, existed all sorts of studies of ethnic and national affiliation – largely from political and historical perspectives – but it is only in the last few decades that studies of identity have really come into their own. Gleason (1983) argues that this emergence was fuelled in part by the writings of the neo-Freudian Erik Erikson (1968), and it is certainly the case that his writings in the 1950s and 1960s put identity development (and identity 'crisis') in the spotlight. More subtly, Erikson's work situated these individual phenomena in their social contexts. Besides that, he was a pioneer in what came to be known as psychohistory, with notable biographies of Luther, Gandhi and other important figures. Erikson's work thus provided a psychological addition to earlier studies of 'groupness', an addition that stressed identity in context. It is not surprising, then, that Gleason reports the gradual emergence of entries relating to identity in social science encyclopaedias of the 1960s – from what had been a virtually complete absence a generation earlier. As Joseph (2004) has noted, the early 1980s saw the appearance of important studies focusing on the linguistic aspects of identity. He mentions Gumperz's (1982) important collection on language and social identity, as well as Le Page and Tabouret-Keller's (1985) monograph on the subject.


This paper briefly discusses the basic principle of artificial neural network. BP network model based on time series has been established through an instance. Training and testing have been done for the network using existing observation data. Compared with the measured value through regression analysis, the effectiveness and accuracy of the network have been proved. It can be a prediction method to predict surface settlement.


A high gain boost converter is proposed in this paper. This converter belongs to two switch topology and is capable of giving a higher voltage gain at moderate duty ratios. Although it is two switch topology, but they are controlled synchronously and hence single pulse width modulated signal is sufficient enough to control the power processing. Through steady-state analysis various parameter design expressions are formulated. State-space and discrete-time models are formulated for dynamical characterization of the proposed converter. A digital controller is designed to ensure 100 V for point of load applications. A 24 to 100 V, 100 Watt prototype is considered, both in analysis and simulation, for verification of the proposed topology. Analysis and simulation results are in close agreement with each other.


A method for detecting the sensor array on an automobile approaches the user's posture and movement, comprising a capacitive sensor array and the at least one control means coupled to the analysis of the capacitive sensor array, said control means detecting the capacitive sensor array the change in capacitance. The capacitive sensor array having a sensor array of electrodes on the at least two spatial offset positions disposed on the motor vehicle, wherein the sensor is configured as elongate array of electrodes and electrode arrays arranged in the same spatial orientation. Analyzing said control means is designed for a variable, because different electrode of the pulse rate of the sensor electrode array synchronization control and analysis.


Hospitals and healthcare premises present the fire detection and alarm supplier with what is arguably the greatest fire safety challenge. The author examines the major issues which must be addressed.


This study focuses on waterfronts which are a source of ecosystem services and are now one of the rare urban natural ele ments, based on the idea that it is essential to maintain and further a sound relationship between ecosystem services and human well being, in order to recreate today's cities to sustainable eco cities. Assuming that the environmental value of a waterscape reflects land value, waterfront spaces in Osaka City were selected and the impact of their waterscapes on land value was considered. It will be necessary in the future to further clarify the impact in question by conducting quantitative analysis based on the site location factor which is considered for land appraisal.


Superacid catalyst SO42--ZrO2/TiO2 was applied in esterification of Acetic Acid and Butanol. The particle size of ZrO2 in the catalyst was about 12.5 nm. In catalyst preparation conditions, the effect factor order on catalytic activity is H2SO4 concentration > calcination temperature > ZrO2 supported content. The optimum preparation condition is as follows: ZrO2 content 3.5g/g; calcination temperature 600℃, and H2SO4 concentration 0.5mol/L. The catalytic activity is 96.5 vol%.SO42-/MxOy solid superacid is a kind of green catalyst, whose application perspective is bright. In this paper, SO42--ZrO2/TiO2 solid superacid was prepared with nanometer compound carrying method. The acidic strength of catalysts was measured with the following Hammett indicators, 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (H0=-14.52) and p-nitrochlorobenzene (H0=-12.70). Catalytic activity was evaluated with esterification reaction of Acetic Acid and Butanol. Reaction temperature was at 105℃, and reaction time was only 1h. The conversion rate of Acetic Acid was analyzed by a gas chromatograph (GC-14C SHIMADZU in Japan)The experimental results showed that H2SO4 concentration had more influences on catalytic activity than other two factors, calcination temperature and ZrO2 supported content. Since sulfur absorbed on the surface of metal oxides is necessary to the acidity of SO42-/MxOy solid superacid,H2SO4 concentration in impregnation solution is needed enough high. But, it can't be too much high,otherwise, Zirconium sulfate formed on the catalyst surface will be harmful influences on catalytic activity. In researched cover, 0.5mol/L H2SO4 concentration is the most suitable, and the catalyst prepared with this concentration has very strong acidity.The optimum preparation condition is as follows: ZrO2 content 3.5g/g; calcination temperature 600℃, and H2SO4 concentration 0.5mol/L. In the catalyst prepared with above conditions, the acidic strength (H0) of the catalyst is smaller than <-14.52, and catalytic activity is 96.5 vol%. When it was re-used


This article examines the need to bridge the growing gap between the demand for and supply of highway facilities. Discussed are the following basic approaches to the problem of bringing the demand for and supply of highway facilities to a state of equilibrium: to provide additional lanes of new or improved highways to meet the traffic demands; to adjust traffic in accordance with the capacity of existing highway facilities, or bring demand to the level of supply; and, to design newly developed areas on the basic transportation demands and supply of facilities being in a state of balance.


Two clariids, Heterobranchus bidorsalis (65) and Heterobranchus longifilis (15), and two claroteids, Auchenoglanis occidentalis (31), and  Chrysichthys auratus (19) from River Galma were examined for gastrointestinal nematodes from May 2016 to February 2017. Overall, five species of nematodes were recovered from the clariids and claroteids. The nematodes were distributed as follows: in Heterobranchus bidorsalis, Procamallanus laevionchus (12.31%), Paracamallanus cyathopharynx (9.23%) and Rhabdochona sp. (1.54%); in Heterobranchus longifilis;  Paracamallanus cyathopharynx (6.67%); in Auchenoglanis occidentalis: Procamallanus laevionchus (25.81%); in Chrysichthys auratus: Procamallanus laevionchus (5.26%), Contracaecum sp. (5.26%) and Spirocamallanus spiralis (15.79%). Nematode prevalence in C. auratus was higher in the wet than in the dry season; however, prevalence of infection in A. occidentalis, H. longifilis and H. bidorsalis was higher in the dry than in the wet season. Prevalence of nematode infection was also higher in male than in female H. longifilis while it was higher in female A. occidentalis, C. auratus and H. bidorsalis than males of the same species. Nematode prevalence was higher in larger (24.0-31.9cm) Heterobranchus bidorsalis and Auchenoglanis occidentalis. Prevalence of infection was higher in smaller (8.0- 15.9cm) Chrysichthys auratus. It is recommended that a larger sample size of especially Heterobranchus longifilis and Chrysichthys auratus, of which only 15 and 19 specimens respectively, were examined during the period of this study, be examined, to have a clearer picture of their infection by nematodes in River Galma.
Keywords: Nematode; catfish; clariid; claroteid; infection; prevalence.


Cellulite is usually related to alterations of the microcirculation. Measuring the skin temperature is a mean to assess the skin microvascular plexus.


Background: Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) is a common congenital disorder. As an isolated lesion, PDA constitutes 6 to 11% of all congenital heart disease. PDA needs closure to eliminate pulmonary over circulation leading to volume overload of left ventricle, pulmonary vascular obstructed disease.Methods: This retrospective study was carried out in pediatric cardiology unit of Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata from September 2005 to August 2016, which included 503 patients.Results: Device closure was attempted in 492 patient's Procedural success was achieved in 85% cases on table, in who check aortogram revealed complete closure of PDA. In 15% cases, residual shunt was present. In 12% of cases, residual shunt disappeared during follow-up echocardiogram over 6-month follow-up. In 3% cases, small shunt remained at 6-month and 1-year follow up.Conclusion: Transcatheter closure of PDA by duct occluder is safe and effective with good mid-term outcome. The optimum assessment of ductul size and anatomy is crucial for optimum device size, which prevents residual shunt, device embolization and protrusion.


Objective To explore the scope of the bifurcation of basilar artery and compare difference of these operative approaches via pterional approach and subtemporal approach,and provide reference for the microsurgery for BA apex aneurysm.Method Ten(20 sides)adult cadaveric specimens were studied by using the subtemporal approach and pterional approach under the microscope,respectively.We observed and measured the relationship among the important neurovascular structures,and described the exposure scope of the bifurcation of basilar artery and compared difference of related operative approaches.Results The pterional approach can provide excellent exposure for the posterior part of the sellar region and BA bifurcation via optic nerve - ICA space( space Ⅱ) under the angle 30°.The visibility of the interior side was more and more bigger,but the lateral side was blocked by temporal lobe in space Ⅲ under different visual angles from 0° to 60°,and the area of space Ⅲ under angle 45°was the biggest.The subtemporal approach can provide wide exposure for the base of the middle cranial fassa and perforating arteries arising from BA bifurcation and P1 segment.The exposure of the BA apex can be increased after cutting tentorium,and a wider scope of exposure was obtained to the lateral aspect of the brainstem.Conclusions Compared with space Ⅱ,exposure of space Ⅲ had great advantage.The subtemporal approach has advantages such as shorter distance of operation,bigger straight visual angle.We can observe the perforating branches arising from BA bifurcation and P1 segment though lateral wider visual field,when clipping the aneurysm which directed backward.

Key words:
Basilar artery;  Intracranial aneurysm;  Dissection;  Neurosurgical procedures


This building has three storeys. The bottom one has an ample vestibule which occupies the main part of the central space, and a group of offices for the manager, and the secretary, board room, information office, post office, telephone booths, dressing rooms, hairdressers, self-service shop, bar, workshop and ancillaries.
The first floor has a dancing hall, two meeting rooms, bar, snack bar and kitchens.
The second floor is partly taken up with the higher part of the dancing hall. In addition there are games rooms, including billiards and table tennis, reading music and TV rooms, a small apartment for the night watchman, and two rooms for various uses, which can be joined up with the table tennis room by opening folding partitions.


The concept of the BRDF (Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function) is applied to analyze, characterize and understand the reflective properties of LCDs and their components in more detail. BRDFs are measured in the plane of light incidence with a goniometric apparatus ("inplane BRDF") while the full 2-dimensional BRDF is measured with a conoscopic device. BRDF-curves of typical reflective LCDs clearly show the individual contributions of the first surface (unwanted reflections) and the component from the reflector, which is modulated by the LC-cell and is thus carrying the information to be displayed. The effect of anti-glare coatings on the front polarizer surface is analyzed via BRDF measurements. Based on the acquired BRDF data we explain the function of a device for diffuse reflective illumination that can be considered as the correspondence to the "dark-room condition" in the case of transmissive LCDs since it is designed to effectively avoid disturbing unwanted reflections from the first display to air interface and, at the same time assuring illumination over a wide solid angle (up to 70°).


Magnetic studies offer a new strand for the analysis of faulting processes and could help with better understanding of fault rupture and earthquakes.


This paper investigate the various changes offered such as loading and power injection pattern in power system network. An attempt has been made in understanding the system behavior as loading patterns are changed and also the power injection statistics is altered. The present work deals with an investigation of power network (IEEE-14 bus system) for deciding the parametric boundaries for effective network operation The study carried out with PSAT tool box to determine the weak bus in the network under varying system conditions such as load change and also verifying the weak bus by placing SVC (Static VAR Compensator). The study for enhancement of stability with UPFC (Unified Power Flow Controllers) and SVC have been reported. The entire analysis has been carried out systematically to identify optimal engineering solutions in a given framework.


This paper presents a Real-Time Energy Management System (RT-EMS) for minimizing the operating costs of a Fuel Cell/Battery Electric Vehicle (FCBEV). Particularly, a suitable cost function is considered, which accounts for battery and fuel cell degradation, as well as for fuel consumption and battery charging reinstatement. The cost function is thus minimized in real-time by a suitable energy management strategy, which is designed based on an appropriate model of the overall electric propulsion system. In this regard, a suitable power split criterion is determined, based on which the proposed RT-EMS shares the propulsion power between fuel cell and battery. As a result, the cost function can be minimized whatever the driving cycle is. The effectiveness of the proposed RT-EMS has been assessed by numerical simulations, which have been performed in Matlab-Simulink considering different driving cycles and a hysteresis-based EMS for comparison purposes.


Microarray gene expression data holds the potential for diagnosis and prognosis of various genetic diseases. It is also used extensively in designing cancer classification techniques. But the enormity of genomic features and the lesser number of samples data make cancer classification a tedious task. This paper presents a novel hybrid metaheuristic optimization algorithm which is based on Differential Evolution (DE) and recently developed Spotted Hyena Optimizer (SHO) named as Hybrid Differential Evolutions and Spotted Hyena Optimizer (HDESHO) for cancer classification. The main contribution of this algorithm is to improve the mutation strategy of differential evolution using the spotted hyena optimizer algorithm. After the initial gene selection different machine learning algorithms were employed for performing cancer classification. The results state that the proposed approach outperforms as compared to the method discussed in the literature.


FINK, JASON BENJAMIN, Deontological retributivism and the legal practice of international jurisprudence: the case of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda, Journal of African Law, 49, 2 (2005): 101–131 Contemporary international criminal jurisprudence has fashioned a legal paradigm encoding the crime of genocide as a violation of moral law. Structured by an ethos of deontological retributivism, it has posited a set of institutional and conceptual mechanisms designed to situate and stabilize the meaning of genocide. The articulation of this paradigm has entailed the bracketing or suspending of alternative discursive strategies and institutions, particularly those inscribed with a traditional/contextual value. Configuring the social fact of genocide under a normative framework of retribution often fails to address the realities and needs of the local populations who have suffered through severe social trauma. In the intensely unstable space of post-genocidal societies, such as Rwanda, the mandating of formal legal structures by international judicial authorities may constitute a genuine barrier to the critical appropriation of the fact of genocide into the communal memory by imposing a set of privileged frameworks without recognizing the formal integrity and constructive potential of local strategies.


The plants of black gram, Vigna mungo were inoculated with 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 egg masses of root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) per pot, under green house condition. The infected plants were significantly reduced growth of the highest inoculum levels of egg masses. The number of galls was greatly influenced by the initial population of the nematode. The second stage juveniles of root knot nematodes infected root epidermis of the roots of Vmungo while penetrating into the inner tissues of the young roots of the experimental plants. The juveniles migrated towards differentiating vascular tissues and their migration was done to intra into inter cellular level. In older roots, they migrated through the cortex and they caused formation of giant cells in the form of clusters. These giant cell cluster having dense cytoplasm and enlarged nuclei. All the nuclei enclosed one to few nucleoli and he giant cell clusters changed the internal morphology of the affected tissue. In addition, abnormal xylem and abnormal phloem also occupied in a major portion of the giant cells formation.


Disclosed problems prevent incorrect posture in children with exercise in the water therapeutic swimming and Pilates. Developed and tested methodology which was aimed at restoring and improving spinal mobility impairments, respiratory system and retention of skill correct posture. Proved that when properly used kinesotherapy patients increased efficiency, activated natural systems to adapt, improve the state of the central and autonomic nervous system is stimulated by mental activity and improvement occurs.


In response to an imminent surge in COVID-19 cases, the state of Massachusetts (MA) released its Crisis Standards of Care (CSC) guidelines in April 2020. A small group of Boston healthcare providers, community members, lawyers, ethicists and disability advocates brought to bear our collective strengths to forge a formidable coalition now known as the Massachusetts Coalition for Health Equity, to champion the rights of marginalised groups that would be adversely affected by the implementation of the original MA CSC guidelines. In this coalition, members of marginalised communities were adequately represented, led discussions on the implications of implementing inequitable elements of the CSC guidelines and actively involved in creating an alternative framework. In this article, we discuss the process of building a coalition whose concerted advocacy efforts led to the revision of the MA CSC guidelines.


This report explains the data sources and the methods used for determining probabilistic hazard curves for tornadic winds, wind gusts, and extreme rainfall events for the Savannah River Site.


grounded their call for social and economic justice in the philosophy of St. Thomas Aquinas, while Flores Magon's PLM cited natural law and Karl Marx. Both blamed the disruption of social harmony on modern industrial capitalism (associated primarily with Anglo-Saxon civilization), which enslaved the worker, denigrated the Indian, and sacrificed the common good (however defined) to individual gain.


Remarkable contributions have already been made to narcissism and its particular influence on career success, yet the literature to date does not capture the potential impact of paradoxical personalities, especially when considering the role of humility as a complement to a multifaceted constellation of characters. This gap finds additional relevance in light of recent changes in today's world of work in terms of flexibility and complexity. Therefore, our study examines the relationship between narcissism and humility with objective and subjective career success in new work settings. The research is based on dyadic data from 398 cross-industry U.S. professionals in 199 pairs. Hypotheses are tested using hierarchical moderated multiple and logistic regression analyses. As expected, the interaction between narcissism and humility showed negative effects on a leadership position, project responsibility, and salary. Considering new ways of working in a three-way interaction with narcissism and humility, the effect turned positive for salary. Thus, in the new world of work, the humble narcissist is successful in material terms. Surprisingly, no relations to subjective career success were evident. Our findings contribute to the literature on new ways of working, career success, and paradox personalities by showing that although humble narcissists may generally experience lower levels of career success, they rather succeed in new working environments.


Crystalline electric field (CEF) parameters and magnetic anisotropic energies for rare-earth atoms R in ${\mathit{R}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Fe}}_{17}$${\mathit{L}}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\delta}}}$ compounds are calculated based on first-principles electronic-structure calculations. The parameter ${\mathit{A}}_{20}$ of CEF is obtained by using the real charge distribution from the corresponding cluster-model calculation and by directly calculating the crystal CEF parameters from the expansion coefficients of the local potential in the embedded-cluster model. The magnetic anisotropic energy is studied by taking the spin-orbit coupling as a perturbation into account in the semirelativistic embedded-cluster approach. The obtained results are in agreement with the experiments.


Electrical resistivity measurements are carried out from 4,2 K to 800°K on rhombohedral NiS powder compacts, sintered at different temperatures. The effect of sintering is exposed. NiS γ appears to be a metallic conductor with a room temperature resistivity of 9.2 × 10−5 ωcm and a temperature coefficient of 3.6 × 10−3 deg−1. In the high-temperature range ρ is proportional to T; in the low-temperature range (30-45°K) a T3.84-law is followed. It is possible to derive a value of about 300°K for the characteristic temperature Θ. At 388°C a discontinuity in the resistivity is found, caused by the γ β phase transformation.


Principles of a varied group of new semiconducting, piezoresistive stress and strain transducers are outlined. These devices have in common the utilization of the transverse or shear piezoresistive effect. One group of devices consists of gauges in the form of a thin rectangular sheet which is bonded to the test piece, and whose resistance change can be expressed as a simple function of the principal stresses in the gauge. Two special gauges in this group are described. In one, the resistance change is proportional to the sum of the principal biaxial stresses for any orientation of the gauge on the test piece. In the other, the resistance change is proportional only to longitudinal stress components, being independent of transverse stress components. Also described are: a four‐terminal gauge for complete determination of biaxial stresses, full‐bridge gauges made from a single crystal, load cells of low compliance, new torque transducers, and diffusion techniques for making some of the foregoing. The devic...


Abstract : This paper addresses the issue of how to make the task of writing correct and efficient parallel programs easier. Domain morphism is a new construct for specifying parallel-program optimization at a high level, and enables an equational program transformation whereby the optimized program containing implementation details is derived mechanically. In addition, we introduce the constructs index domain, data field, communication form, and hypersurfaces for facilitating parallel programming and generating efficient target parallel programs with explicit synchronization and communication. We describe an equational theory and new program transformation procedures motivated by these new constructs. A programming example illustrating the use of these constructs and the program transformation steps is given.


Disclosed is a method for treating nervous system deterioration associated with aging and Alzheimer's disease by administering a therapeutically-effective amount of dehydroepiandrosterone or its sulfate. Also disclosed is the co-administration of dehydroepiandrosterone or its sulfate and a potassium channel antagonist. The disclosure is also directed to pharmaceutical compositions containing dehydroepiandrosterone, alone or in combination with a potassium channel antagonist. Dehydroepiandrosterone is also shown to facilitate the growth of nervous system tissue, particularly in culture.


Individual resource ingestion rates depend on both individual body size and resource supply. A component of the latter, namely resource availability, is also body-size dependent. This raises the question of the adequacy of simple scaling laws to describe the body-size dependency of resource ingestion. Here we propose a model which integrates resource ingestion drivers by merging a scaling law for feeding metabolism and Holling's functional responses into a single mathematical framework. At any fixed level of resource supply, the model predicts a log-log concave-down relationship between resource ingestion rates and body size, rather than a simple scaling law. Deviations from the latter are accounted for by the body size dependency of resource limitations. Experimental and literature data describing patterns of perceived resource availability and individual intake rates under limiting conditions with increasing individual body size are used to validate the model's assumptions and predictions. The model inc...


SpaceX, a US aerospace company, plans to transform global Internet access with its multisatellite Starlink program, but astronomers have voiced concerns about how such "satellite megaconstellations" will transform the night sky itself. Because the satellites will appear extremely bright due to their low orbit, it is feared they will interfere with groundbased telescopes and obstruct the view of the cosmos (Astron Astrophys 2020; doi.org/ 10.1051/ 00046361/20203 7501). But humans are not the only animals that look to the stars. Numerous creatures rely on celestial navigation, but the effect that lowEarthorbiting artificial satellites may have on them has yet to receive dedicated scientific scrutiny, according to sensory ecologist James Foster (University of Würzburg; Würzburg, Germany). So, he was pleased to see this topic appear in Trends in Ecology and Evolution's Horizon Scan of Emerging Global Biological Conservation Issues for 2021 (2021; doi. org/10.1016/j.tree.2020. 10.014). "Artificial objects introduced into an animal's visual environment affect them just like those introduced into their immediate environment", explains Foster. Studies have shown that groundbased light pollution can harm nocturnal animals, and loworbit satellites could exacerbate such risks by brightening the night sky even further. Foster and his colleagues have also found that increased skyglow can obscure the visual patterns that animals use to orient themselves, "to the point", says Foster, "where they can no longer hold a straight course". In addition to generally brightening the night sky, by acting as fake "stars" that move in unexpected ways, these satellites could also interfere with the patternbased "star compasses" that many migratory birds and other animals, such as dung beetles, rely on for orientation (P Roy Soc BBiol Sci 2018; doi.org/10.1098/ rspb.2017.2322). How much of an issue this will actually be remains to be determined, however. Nocturnal animals already cope with wide fluctuations in sky brightness from lunar phases, and planets may also be potentially unanticipated bright moving spots. "For loworbit satellites to substantially alter nightsky brightness or change the apparent pattern of stars enough for a star compass to fail, there would really need to be a lot of them", Foster points out, adding that species most susceptible to such impacts are already faced with the more substantial and immediate threats posed by the rapid spread of groundbased nighttime light pollution. As it happens, humans may be most affected by these artificial twinkling lights, and Foster empathizes with those troubled by the planned installations. "A pristine night sky is a beautiful thing, and it would be a shame to lose it due to human interference."


Several aspects of the mechanical behavior of single-layer graphene are modeled from perspectives ranging from density functional theory (DFT) to fi nite element-based large-deformation continuum mechanics of membranes and their mechanical interactions with substrates and indentors. A novel hyperelastic constitutive formulation for the membrane response of graphene is based on joint invariants of the log strain measure and the 6th-order structure tensor comprising the C6v symmetry group of unstretched planar graphene; the resulting formulation leads to simple functional forms that accurately capture the constitutive response inferred from current and prior DFT simulations up to "large" elastic strain, along with transparent assessments of the eventual loss of strong elipticity. DFT perturbation methods provide phonon dispersion relations for the three acoustic and three optical phonons of a two-atom primitive cell in both reference and deformed confi gurations. Related symmetry-based coordinates are used to interpolate phonon dispersion relations over deformed invariant Brillouin zones, providing independent insights into the stability of deformed graphene with respect to both long wavelength elastic instabilities as well as soft modes having zero frequency at a nonzero wavevector. Mechanical interaction of graphene with substrates such as amorphous silica or contacting diamond nanoindentor tips occurs primarily through van der Waals interactions, which were quantifi ed through interface traction/separation relations fi t to a number of types of available experimental data, including self-tensioning of suspended membranes, blister delamination, and pull-in of pressurized membranes, with the resulting continuum fi nite elment simulations being in good agreement with experimental observations. Finite element simulations of the nanoindentation of suspended graphene membrane are generally in agreement with prior work by Kysar and coworkers, but the author offers new insights based on DFT and MD studies that may better explain the processes leading to fi nal tearing failure beneath a diamond nanoindenter.


Previous research suggests a relationship between teacher behaviors and students' effort. However, it is not clear what role the students' expectations (i.e., importance of teacher behaviors) play in this relationship. Utilizing the teacher behavior checklist, this study sought to investigate whether teacher behaviors mediate the relationship between the importance students set on teacher behaviors and students' effort. Further, the study explored which specific behaviors influence students' effort. Cross-sectional survey data were analyzed ( N = 159) using mediation analysis and stepwise multiple linear regression. There was evidence that teacher behaviors mediate the relationship between the importance students set on teacher behaviors and students' effort. Four of the 28 teacher behaviors had a significant relationship to students' effort: creative and interesting, enthusiastic about teaching, happy/positive/humorous, and promotes critical thinking. Knowing students' expectations (i.e., the importance of teacher behaviors) is essential to increasing students' effort. Happy/positive/humorous had a negative relationship with students' effort, while creative and interesting, enthusiastic about teaching, and promotes critical thinking showed a positive relationship with students' effort.


Language as a means of communication in community has an important role in life, both urban and local communities. Theories applied in this paper include intercultural communication (Liliweri, 2016), language studies (Yule, 2014), sociolinguistics (Sumarsono, 2013), and other related theories. This paper aims to describe urban community communication strategies in adapting in Pontianak City. The method applied is descriptive method with qualitative approach. The result of the analysis shows that communication strategy used by urban community to adapt in Pontianak city through culture, language, and society. The form of adaptation of urban society through culture in Pontianak City by showing the characteristic of its culture so as giving space and its own value for society in that city. In practice, these cultural activities use ethnic language (Dayak language, Chinese language, and Malay dialect of Pontianak) and Indonesian language.


The ignition in the diesel engine takes only if the air to fuel ratio is appropriate and hence air should be compressed to threshold level. Intake manifold assist to maintain the proper flow of air into the engine cylinder head for compression. During the operation the intake manifold is subjected to both thermal and mechanical loads such as pretension load on the bolts and temperature variation loads on the inner and exterior surface of the intake manifold. These loads causes the stresses on the manifold which need to studied and understand the behaviour of the manifold. During the operation the scope of the present work is to study the stress level or patterns in the manifold because of thermochemical load and optimize the design of intake manifold without compromising on factor of safety.


The purpose of this study was to analyze the way in which academic cliques affect college graduates' first job offers, in an effort to understand the influences of the academic clique in Korean society. This study postulated that two perspectives, i.e. the perspective of productivity, represented by the human capital theory, and the perspective of social exclusion are appropriate for analyzing the academic clique in Korea, and tested the hypotheses based on the two perspectives using data from the Korean Labor and Income Panel Study. The results of the analyses show that graduating from one of the top 10 universities and graduating from one of the 11th-30th universities, both of which were the variables for the perspective of social exclusion, affect the objectivity of job offers, i.e. wage levels and getting a standard job in a large firm whether or not GPA, which was the variable for productivity, was controlled for. They also show that the significant influence of graduating from one of the 11th-30th universities on the subjective aspects of job offers, i.e. getting a desired job, disappears when GPA is controlled for, and that as GPA improves, the probability of getting a desired job increases when graduating from one of the top 10 universities and graduating from one of the 11th-30th universities are controlled for. Therefore, we can conclude that it is appropriate to understand the academic clique from the perspective of social exclusion when we analyze the objective aspects of job offers. It is also partially appropriate to understand the academic clique from the perspective of productivity when we analyze the subjective aspects of job offers.


In the scheme design stage of mechanical products, several design solutions need to be evaluated so that the best design solution can be selected from them. Because the evaluation of mechanical product scheme design is a multilevel, multiattribute and contains many fuzzy models, fuzzy comprehensive evaluation becomes an advantageous model for the evaluation of mechanical product scheme design. In this article, a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is constructed, and a combination of the subjectivity of determining weights by hierarchical analysis method and the objectivity of determining weights by entropy value method is used to calculate the weights of evaluation indexes, and a combined assignment method is established to improve the reliability of the evaluation method. Then, the best solution is selected by calculating the comprehensive evaluation value of each product design solution. Finally, the validity, reasonableness, and feasibility of the evaluation model are verified through the evaluation and selection of three design solutions for a gearbox reducer, which also provides a new method for the evaluation and selection of other product design solutions.


The objective of the research was to analyze the influence of social capital towards the quality of community tourism service In Lake Toba Parapat North Sumatera. The method used the combination between quantitative and qualitative research. Sample was taken from the Community in the area around Lake Toba Parapat North Sumatera with sample of 150 head of the family. The sampling technique was Simple Random Sampling. Data collection techniques used documentary studies, questionnaires, interview and observations, while the data analysis used were Product Moment and Simple Linear Regression analysis. The results of the research showed that there were positive and significant influence between Social Capital and the Quality of Community Tourism Services in Lake Toba Parapat North Sumatera. This research recommend the need to enhance Social Capital such as trust, norms and network and the quality of community tourism services such as Tangibles, Reliability, Responsiveness, Assurance, and Empathy by giving communications, information and education continuously from the families, institutions formal and informal, community leaders, religious figures and all communities in Lake Toba Parapat North Sumatera.


One of the most appealing tools in power industry in recent decades is the fuzzy logic controllers. The PI and FOPI controllers warrant the precise tuning of the gains in a controller. The fuzzy controllers are universally known to meet this requirement in their embedded mechanism. These controllers are widely used to cover the variations in the machine parameters and operating environments. The present study reaffirms the indispensibility of a fuzzy logic controller in mitigating the adverse effects of voltage sags in induction motors. PI/FO-PI and fuzzy logic controllers were employed in simulation designing of DVR using MATLAB/Simulink. The simulation outputs validated that DVR with the fuzzy logic control system is fast, flexible and efficient for voltage sag compensation. Performance effects of the proposed controllers are evaluated and compared based on controller's efforts and time domain indices such as IAE, ISE and ITAE. Results demonstrate that proposed fuzzy logic controller provides a smoother mitigation of voltage sag with lesser controller effort and time domain indices.


Title of Dissertation: AN EFFICIENT METHOD FOR RADIATION HYDRODYNAMICS IN MODELS OF FEEDBACK-REGULATED STAR FORMATION Michael Aaron Reed Skinner, Doctor of Philosophy, 2013 Dissertation directed by: Professor Eve C. Ostriker Department of Astronomy We describe a module for the Athena code that solves the gray equations of radiation hydrodynamics (RHD), based on the first two moments of the radiative transfer equation. We combine explicit Godunov methods to advance the gas and radiation variables including non-stiff source terms with a local implicit method to integrate stiff source terms. We adopt the M1 closure relation, including leading source terms to O(βτ) and employ the reduced speed of light approximation (RSLA) with subcycling of the radiation variables to reduce computational costs. We consider self-gravitating fragmentation and evolution of turbulent gaseous clouds, modeling the propagation and interaction of radiation from embedded star clusters that form with the surrounding gas. To model the luminosity sources, we use the star particle algorithm of Gong and Ostriker (2013) based on the particle mesh (PM) method combined with an efficient open boundary condition Poisson solver for the self-gravitational potential. Our code is dimensionally unsplit in one, two, and three space dimensions and is parallelized using MPI. The streaming and diffusion limits are well-described by the M1 closure model, and our implementation shows excellent behavior for a problem with a concentrated radiation source containing both regimes simultaneously. Our operator-split method is ideally suited for problems with a slowly-varying radiation field and dynamical gas flows in which the effect of the RSLA is minimal. We present an analysis of the dispersion relation of RHD linear waves highlighting the conditions of applicability for the RSLA. To demonstrate the accuracy of our method, we utilize a suite of radiation and RHD tests covering a broad range of regimes, including RHD waves, shocks, and equilibria, showing second-order convergence in most cases, and a test to demonstrate the accuracy of particle orbits obtained using our method. Applying our method to the study of feedback-regulated star formation in models of giant molecular clouds (GMCs), we conclude that the radiation force on dust from reprocessed radiation is an efficient mechanism for cloud disruption, which may be particularly important in super star clusters with deep gravitational potential wells. AN EFFICIENT METHOD FOR RADIATION HYDRODYNAMICS IN MODELS OF FEEDBACK-REGULATED STAR FORMATION by Michael Aaron Reed Skinner Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Maryland at College Park in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy 2013


An improved system for performing an alkylation process and a method for handling liquid catalyst in an alkylation process. This improvement involves a method and apparatus by which liquid alkylation catalyst contained in alkylation process equipment can be safely stored and isolated from the external environment. Additionally, the apparatus improvement will allow for an improved method for controlling the circulation of liquid alkylation catalyst by providing means for quickly stopping the circulation of alkylation catalyst. The apparatus improvement includes a baffle contained within a vessel which is attached to the bottom of the vessel and extends upwardly into the vessel. The baffle is designed to allow for the liquid flow between the inside of the vessel and the inside of the baffle and it allows for the venting into a vapor space from the top of the baffle. Within the baffle is standpipe which provides for fluid flow from within the baffle to a region outside the vessel.


Constantly upgrading and transforming the electronic products, the manufacturers make every endeavor to seize the chance getting their star products in profit and the business can keep on prosperously. Owing to the organization change for those mature industries, some corporates win their success and development and the others are shut down with fatal mistakes. Since from 1969 the American Electronics Amp founded, the printed circuit board industries have been developed to maturity for more than 40 years in Taiwan. Frustrated by the Dotcom Bubble in 2000, the 9/11 attacks in 2001 and the Collapse of Lehman Brothers in 2008, many PCB businesses were bankrupted, relocated, merged or acquired under the severe circumstances. And only 104 of 700 in 2000 are remained in the field by now. With years of practical experiences in the PCB industry, the researcher intends to explore the transitions happened in each stage of the PCB as well as the comparison between the strategies of the past and the present. Taking the advantage instead of the disadvantage to maintain its competition, the optimal solutions for A- Company in the coming decade are also intended to figure out in this study. A-Company, founded in 1982, has been developing for more than 30 years and keeps her place as one of the top three in the Taiwan PCB industry for a long time. What the smart strategies of A-Company are Motivated for the study. Why the enterprise maintains its performance and keeps on growing shall be understood. And the related reconstruction in competition for the next decade will be discussed by four main points as listing: 1. critically Upgrade R & D technology 2. internationally pioneer the potential 3. segmentally maintain the market 4. actively develop the automated operations Keyword :Printed circuit board、Transformation strategy、PCB


Ultrasonic disruption of powdered Merino wool in formic acid and dichloroacetic acid causes some protein to be dissolved, but the amino acid content of the residual wool is unchanged by the treatment. Cortical cells and disrupted cortical cells are found to have the same composition as the parent fibre, which is to be expected because the latter consists of about 90 % cortical cells. However, the cuticle of Merino wool is different in composition from the parent fibre, being richer in cysteic acid, serine, proline, glycine, valine, and cystine, and poorer in aspartic acid, threonine, glutamic acid, methionine, isoleucine, leucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, and arginine than the whole fibre. Thus the cuticle is considerably less polar than the fibre as a whole. With the exceptions detailed below, it is found that the first group of amino acids listed above are classified as non a.helix.forming and the second group as a·helix· forming by Blout (1962). The exceptions are isoleucine and threonine, whilst arginine and glycine are not classified. It is therefore postulated that the cuticle is amorphous because of its high content of non a·helix.forming amino acids. The cuticle of Lincoln wool shows similar differences to those already given for Merino cuticle but, in addition, contains less lysine and histidine than the whole fibre.