The Government's commitment to empowering the Autonomous Region to eradicatepoverty today is very beneficial to the development of a region, but the commitment mustbe coupled with the willingness of the local government concerned and appropriatepolicies. The policy of the Red Grass Village Program in the form of providing capital tothe community in the form of farmer groups in Lamboya Sub-district is a form ofgovernment commitment to eradicate poverty in the area. The problem that occurred inthe policy of Red Mandiri Anggur Village Program is that the policy does not reduce thepoverty rate, does not encourage the empowerment of village institutions, and the absenceof new entrepreneurs. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the success of the red winevillage self-service program policy by looking at Willyam Dunn's evaluation indicatorsof effectiveness, responsiveness, and accuracy. And to analyze the factors inhibiting thesuccess of Dedy Mulyadi policy that is the content of policies, implementers, andenvironment. This research uses a qualitative approach with a purposive technique todetermine key informant. The results of the evaluation indicate that the policy of MandiriAnggur Merah Village Program in Lamboya Sub-district of West Sumba Regency has notsucceeded in reducing the poverty level after the policy, unsuccessful to encourage theempowerment of village institutions and the creation of new entrepreneurs. While theobstacles to the success of the policy are the lack of clear policy content such asorganizing, the implementation of less socialized programs to the community and the lackof support from the community and government.


Objective: The objective of this study is to compare feeding practices of low birthweight (LBW) infants, according to type of care received during and after hospital discharge: Kangaroo Care (KC) and Conventional Care (CC). Methods: Prospective cohort study was conducted at a university hospital (Brazil) between 2019 and 2021. The sample consisted of 65 LBW infants (weight ≤ 1800 g)—46 in KC and 19 in CC. KC includes breastfeeding (BF) guidance and support to parents at hospital and after discharge. Data collection was performed at hospital discharge, and at the 4th and 6th month of corrected gestational age (CGA). Consumption of 27 foods was analyzed in the last 2 periods of the follow-up and expressed in relative frequency. Three indicators were analyzed: exclusive breastfeeding (EBF), mixed BF, and introduction of liquid and solid foods. Results: Groups had similar health characteristics, except for the weight at hospital discharge and the Score for Neonatal Acute Physiology – Perinatal (SNAPPE II) score that were lower in KC group. We found higher frequency of EBF among KC at hospital discharge (CC = 5.3% vs KC = 47.8%; P = 0.001). The higher frequency of mixed BF was observed in KC at 4 months of CGA (CC = 5.6% vs KC = 35.0%; P = 0.023), and at 6 months of CGA (CC = 0.0% vs KC = 24.4%; P = 0.048). Consumption of solid foods (4th month of CGA = 25.9%, 6th month of CGA = 91.2%) and liquids (4th month of CGA = 77.6%, 6th month of CGA = 89.5%) were similar between groups. Conclusions: In KC, SNAPPE II scores were lower and frequency of EBF was higher at hospital discharge and frequency of mixed BF was higher over 6 months. Early supply of infant formula, liquid and solid foods were similar in both groups.


A method of producing a smoking article, the method comprising providing a first filter member (42), a first continuous step of a second column filter segment (20) and the tubular member (40). The tubular member (40) disposed between each pair of successive first filter member (42), a second filter segment (20) disposed between each of the first filter member (42) and each tubular member (40). Each second filter segment (20) comprises one or more rupturable capsules, wherein each capsule comprises a housing and rupturable inner core containing additives. Followed by a continuous wrap (44) of the first filter member (42), a second continuous columns wrapped filter segment (20) and the tubular member (40) is wrapped to form a filter column, wherein said wrap ( 44) having less than 90 grams per square meter grams. Along each of the first filter member (42) to cut the wrapper at an intermediate position of the filter column to provide a plurality of filter rods, each filter rod comprises two first filter segment (18), located between the first filter segment (18) the tubular member (40) and disposed between each of the first filter segment between the second filter segment (18) of the tubular member (40) (20). Then, with one of each of the first filter segment through the filter rod (18) axially aligned with and disposed adjacent to the tobacco rod (12), each part of the filter rod and tobacco rod (12) at a tipping paper ( 50) package. Finally, (40) the length of the cut tipping paper at an intermediate position along the tubular member (50) to form a plurality of filter plug and a smoking article (10), each of the smoking article (10) comprises a connection to a filter (14 ) of the tobacco rod (12), wherein each filter (14) comprises a tobacco rod (12) downstream of the first filter segment (18), located between the first filter segment (18) of the second filter segment downstream (20) and a hollow pipe section is located between the mouth end of the second filter segment (20) and the filter (14) (22). Said hollow tube section (22) defining a cavity at the mouth end of the filter (14) (24).


The focus of this paper is to identify certain socio-economic factors, which have an impact on alcohol preferences in Estonia. This is important in designing effective alcohol and fiscal policies. The analyses are based on a questionnaire (IARD, Washington DC) administered in the Baltic countries in 2016. The paper brings out relationship between preferences of alcoholic beverages (e.g. beer, wine and strong alcohol) and socio-economic characteristic of those consumers groups. A multinomial logistic regression model allows us to predict the likelihood of a person being allocated to a certain group of consumers of alcoholic beverages.


Our scientific research is dedicated to the study of the church architecture and urban art of Artsakh of the second half of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century which is based on valuable materials published in the pages of the periodical press of Eastern Armenian. The article shows with undeniable facts that along with other branches of the Armenian culture the architecture and urban planning art developed in Artsakh during the period. Many magnificent architectural monuments, public buildings, printing houses, schools and other cultural centers were built. Previously built architectural monuments continued their activities in that period as well, some of which were renovated in the second half of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century.
Among the historical and cultural values Dadivank (Khota Monastery or Charektar Monastery), the monastery of Amaras, the monastery of Gandzasar, the monastery of St. Hakoba, St. George Monastery (in the Khachen province), St. Yeghishe Monastery (in the Javanshir province), St. Ghondeants Monastery (Ghondik - desert, built in Varanda, near the village of Avetaranots), Gtich or Gtchavanq (in the Dizak province, near the village of Togh), Spitak Khach Monastery (in Dizak), Yerits Mankants Monastery, Inn Masants Monastery are known. And among the Armenian cultural centers are the Diocesan School of Shushi, the Realakan College, the Hripsimyan and Girls' Schools of Shushi, the Khandamiryan Theater Building, the Printing Houses of Metropolitan Baghdasar, Mirzajan Mahtesi Hakobyants, Bagrat Ter Sahakyan, Melkon Babajanyan, etc..


A general analysis of the feedback on the dynamo tearing modes (TMs) in a cylindrical force-free reversed field pinch equipped with an active coils grid is shown. A single resistive shell with thickness much smaller than its minor radius is considered. Nevertheless, the radial field variation across the shell is taken into account. The active coils are placed outside the shell. The model describes the evolution of several TMs at the same time, taking into account the viscous torque due to the fluid motion and the electromagnetic torque developed by the image currents induced onto the shell, by the feedback currents and by the non-linear interaction between different TMs. The feedback is shown to prevent the TMs wall-locking: regardless of the amplitudes at the resonant surfaces, TMs rotate with edge values very close to those they would have in the presence of an ideal shell in the place of the resistive shell. The feedback performance and efficiency dependence on the shell characteristics will be discussed.


The utility model provides an automatic escalator direction indicator with prevent reverse prompt facility that gets into, includes power switching circuit, a central processing unit, two pairs of infrared correlation sensors, decoding circuit, LED display driver circuit, LED display screen and dial -up circuit, a central processing unit's output and dial -up circuit connection, decoding circuit's input is connected to the output, and decoding circuit's the output and the input of LED display driver circuit are connected, and the LED display screen is connected to the output of LED display driver circuit, the two pairs of infrared correlation sensors and a central processing unit both -way communication. The utility model discloses can improve the security of automatic escalator operation greatly, especially use on the automatic escalator who has energy -conserving function now, not only can show the traffic direction, but also have audible alarm prompt facility.


A complex evolving system consists of a large number of sub-systems which may proceed concurrently and interact with each other or with the external environment, while its behaviour is subject to modification by other systems. Structured occurrence nets (sons) are a Petri net based formalism for modelling the behaviour of complex evolving systems. The concept extends that of occurrence nets, a formalism that can be used to record causality and concurrency information concerning a single execution of a system. In sons, multiple occurrence nets are combined using various types of relationships in order to represent dependencies between communicating and evolving sub-systems. The work presented in this thesis aims to develop a tool and extend existing methodology for structured representations of the behaviours of complex evolving system. The theoretical development focuses on the extension of existing son concepts. It addresses the issue of efficient son model checking and simulation, representations of alternative behaviour and time information, structuring son-based unfolding, and algorithms for constructing the unfolding. The implementation aims to develop tools for son-based model visualisation, simulation and analysis. An open source tool called SONCraft has been developed to support these functionalities. SONCraft provides a user-friendly graphical interface that facilitates model entry, supports interactive visual simulation, and allows the use of a set of analytical tools for model checking.


An automatic technique for determining starting values for the parasitic elements of a distributed 18 element FET directly from pinched cold FET S-parameters is described. Optimization results using this technique are presented and show that the starting vector is very close to the solution. The approach is discussed on the basis of synthesized and measured S-parameter data.


Cases have played a small, but significant, part of ABSEL's growth and development. In early conferences and proceedings, references to cases were infrequent and debates were often held to discuss whether or not cases were actually a part of experiential learning. In later years, cases, particularly "live cases," became part of ABSEL's research and application streams and, in fact, a major case track was developed for each of the three recent meetings. The involvement of ABSEL and its members in case research and case application raises several critical issues for consideration.


Although mathematical derivations can explain the individual parameters, and many commercial devices are available to accurately measure the behavior, students still seem to have difficulty understanding the physical implications of viscosity; the interaction between shear stress and strain rate. To assist in overcoming this conceptual hurdle, the author designed and built an inexpensive and versatile experimental device and accompanying laboratory exercise for Mechanical Engineering Technology students. It combines the basic aspects of a traditional rotary viscometer with a purely mechanical measurement system that allows students to clearly visualize and experience first-hand the reaction to viscous shear stress on a stationary drum in response to a concentric rotating cup containing the test fluid. This paper describes important design features of the device, constructed from an "antique" Garrard turntable, and the major conceptual topics students must understand in order to complete their laboratory exercise.


Due to the war (1640-1668), the closest towns to the Raya resulted exposed to Portuguese attacks. The scarcity of funds and soldiers caused the impossibility to fortify and garnish all the inhabited villages, and therefore the majority of them were only endowed with campaign fortifications, which were adequate to face the incursions of small cavalry units, but were totally useless when attacked by true armies in 1642 and 1643. In both campaigns the Portuguese army conquered and devastated all the surrounding towns of Badajoz, which provoked a process of depopulation in the Extremeño side of the Raya. .


Composites of polypropylene (PP) or maleic-anhydride-modified polypropylene (MAH-PP) with uncoated or thermosetting resincoated sawdust or explosion pulp (V-pulp) were prepared by dynamic cross-linking and their properties were compared to those of unmodified and uncross-linked composites. The effects of modification and dynamic cross-linking on the interfacial adhesion between polymer and filler have also been investigated by a solvent extraction study and microscopic analysis. The new method of dynamic cross-linking in combination with the additional effect of compatibilization suggests a practical route to obtain high-strength, toughened thermoplastic composites. Dynamically cross-linked epoxyor phenolic resin-coated sawdust or V-pulp that can be grafted or can have affinity to MAH-PP was found to improve tensile strength as well as elongation at yield point. The tensile toughness of the dynamically cross-linked-compatibilized composites is better than that of an uncross-linked composite of MAH-PP and sawdust. The improved toughness of the dynamically cured composites appears to be that further chemical bonds form between coated filler and MAH-PP in addition to grafting of MAH-PP onto cellulose chain. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


Human papillomaviruses (HPV) are associated with a subset of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), particularly HPV16. This study analyzed the presence and genotype of high risk HPVs, viral DNA load and transcription of the E6/E7 mRNAs, in 231 consecutive HNSCC. Twelve out of 30 HPV16 DNA‐positive tumors displayed high E6/E7 mRNAs levels and were localized in the oropharyngeal region. While HPV‐free and non‐transcriptionally active HPV‐related patients showed similar 5‐years survival rates, E6/E7 expression was associated with a better prognosis. This emphasizes the importance of considering the transcriptional status of HPV‐positive tumors for patient stratification. A gene expression profiling analysis of these different types of tumors was carried out. The most significant differentially expressed gene was CDKN2A, a known biomarker for HPV‐related cancer. Assessing both the expression level of the E6/E7 mRNAs and of CDKN2A in HNSCC is required to detect active HPV infection. Chromosomic alterations were investigated by Comparative Genomic Hybridation (CGH) analysis of tumors with transcriptionally active HPV and HPV‐negative tumors. The loss of the chromosomal region 16q was found to be a major genetic event in HPV‐positive lesions. A cluster of genes located in 16q21‐24 displayed decreased expression levels, notably APP‐BP1 that is involved in the modulation of the transcriptional activity of p53. In conclusion, this study highlights important criteria required to predict clinically active HPV infection, identifies new biological pathways implicated in HPV tumorigenesis and increases the understanding of HPV‐HNSCC physiopathology that is required to develop new targets for therapy.


Properties of gold films sputtered onto borosilicate glass substrate were studied. UV-Vis absorption spectra were used to investigate optical parameters. XRD analysis provided information about the gold crystalline nanostructure, the texture, and lattice parameter and biaxial tension was also determined by the XRD method.The surface morphology was examined by atomic force microscopy (AFM); chemical structure of sputtered gold nanostructures was examined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (ARXPS). The gold crystallites are preferentially [111] oriented on the sputtered samples. Gold deposition leads to dramatic changes in the surface morphology in comparison to pristine glass substrate. Oxygen is not incorporated into the gold layer during gold deposition. Experimental data on lattice parameter were also confirmed by theoretical investigations of nanoclusters using tight-binding potentials.


The photodynamic action produced by pheophorbide, a degradation product of chlorophyll, was investigated and it was found that the phenomenon was observed in all the animals, rat, mouse, hamster and mastomys used in this experiment, independent of their sex. In order to investigate an active form of this factor which might be produced from the pheophorbide in the body, several approaches were attempted to obtain the following results. The materials produced from the pheophorbide by light-irradiation in test tube had no photodynamic action, and any active materials were not recognized in the incubation product of pheophorbide with tissue or plasma. Injection of the plasma collected from the hypersensitive rat produced by pheophorbide could not depressed the hypersensitiveness for the injected rat. In this experiment a problem remains unsolved because the injected plasma was small in quantity. (Received January 17, 1976)


DETAILS OF THIN SECTIONS OBTAINED FROM THE SHEAR ZONES OF FIVE SLIPS ARE PRESENTED. THE STRUCTURES INDUCED BY THE MOVEMENT DEPEND ON THE COMPOSITION OF THE MATERIAL, ITS CONSISTENCY AND THE MAGNITUDE OF THE DISPLACEMENT INVOLVED. DISPLACEMENT SHEARS, RIEDEL SHEARS AND INDUCED PREFERRED ORIENTATION HAVE ALL BEEN OBSERVED ALTHOUGH NOT IN EACH CASE. A SEMI-QUANTITATIVE SCALE FOR THE DETERMINATION OF PREFERRED ORIENTATION FROM AGGREGATE BIREFRINGENCE MEASUREMENTS IS ALSO GIVEN. /LCPC/RRL/


The invention discloses a 2-hydroxy phenyl-1H-benzimidazole-4-amide derivative. The chemical structural formula of the derivative is shown as the right formula, wherein, R is F, Cl, Br, CH3, OH, and NO2 or H, which have good coxsackievirus B3 resistance effect and selection indexes, therefore, the derivative can be used for developing new antiviral drugs.


I have been very interested in the recent exchange of letters (Pediatrics, 22: 1201, 1958) regarding the toxicity of the phenothiazine compounds. I have witnessed many cases of typical toxicity to phenothiazine drugs and have made several observations which I would like to record.
 The symptoms are completely listed by Dr. Bowen's letter. The patients referred to in the following paragraphs illustrate the majority of these symptoms. It is my impression that these symptoms are distinctly not convulsive in nature, but rather are manifestations related to the extrapyramidal tract.


Diplocraterion, a U-shaped burrow attributed to infaunal invertebrates, is normally a shallow-marine trace fossil and not part of a continental vertebrate ichnoassemblage. Hence, the Glen Rose Formation (Aptian–Albian) of Texas (USA) presents an opportunity to study Diplocraterion associated with a world-class dinosaur tracksite. Most Diplocraterion are in a bioclastic wackestone–packstone bed just above the Taylor Tracklayer, a significant dinosaur track horizon. Diplocraterion are consistently sized, but with variable depths; most have protrusive spreiten and northeast–southwest trends. Smaller Arenicolites co-occur with Diplocraterion, and other trace fossils include Rhizocorallium and a large theropod trackway. Based on our analysis, a sea-level rise buried the Taylor Tracklayer, with a shallow-marine carbonate mud colonised by Diplocraterion and Arenicolites tracemakers. Protrusive Diplocraterion, eroded burrow tops, Rhizocorallium, and other criteria point towards firming and net erosion of the bed caused by a stillstand. The depositional environment of the Diplocraterion bed was possibly a subtidal lagoon that covered shoreward sediments impacted by large theropods. Burrow orientations suggest bidirectional currents consistent with trends of theropod trackways, implying each were controlled by a shoreline. The results of our study demonstrate how marine invertebrate and continental vertebrate trace fossils can be used together to define fine-scale changes in former carbonate shorelines.


Population pressure has been identified as the major force for environmental change in the twentieth century. Malthus argued that population increased at a far greater rate than food production, and neo-Malthusian analysis identifies population growth as the principal cause of deforestation in Africa, Asia and Latin America. The kings and other notables resided in formidable tree castles and the homesteads of the local populations also were protected by palisade enclosures, which typically consisted of wooden poles. Despite an undeniable shortage of wood resources in parts of Ovamboland, the dire predictions that it would degenerate into a desert had not materialized. Until the 1940s, 'the population' factor in Ovamboland exerted its most important influence through migrations and flight, and not through the mechanics of any 'population bomb'. Population may play a critical role in environmental change even under conditions where overall population-to-land ratios appear to be low.Keywords: Africa; Malthus; migrations; Ovamboland; population bombs; tree castles


The granulometry operator is a mathematical operator largely employed in the 3D analysis of porous media to estimate the sizes of the pores detected in pervious materials and tissues. Quantifying the total porosity volume in a material with only closed pores is a relatively easy task. A simple numerical analysis of connected void or fluid phase components enables one to obtain such a volume. Unfortunately, for materials and/or tissues with (partly) open porosity granulometry calculations might become excessively time and memory consuming. In this work we suggest a method by means of which the open porosity map can be rapidly calculated on the basis of a pre-calculated distance map.


Neural network intelligent algorithm has a far reaching impact on the structural form of manufacturing industry, and at the same time promotes the modernization and optimization of manufacturing industry. As the foundation of China's real economy, manufacturing industry is a solid foundation for the sound development of China. The modernization of neural network intelligent algorithm in manufacturing distribution industry has a great impact on the labor market, especially on the industrial structure of manufacturing industry. From labor-intensive to capital intensive production modernization process, through basic theoretical analysis, this paper introduces and analyzes the application status and upgrading optimization of neural network intelligent algorithm in manufacturing structure, and suggests that the number and growth quality of modernization process should be compared and analyzed. Compared with the regional manufacturing production mode in China, most light industries have achieved capital-intensive growth, while most heavy chemical and high-tech industries are eager for the intensive growth of manufacturing structure, so we should find the applicable ways of neural network intelligent algorithm in the process of optimizing production structure.


Heterocyclic hydrocarbons are widely distributed in soils and sediments, groundwater,
atmosphere, and marine environment. They are very stable organic compounds that persist
in environment for long period of time. The presence of heterocyclic hydrocarbon in the
seawater due to the industrial process and spillage of petroleum causes the pollution to the
marine environment and may affect human health. Bioremediation is one of the solutions
to degrade the heterocyclic hydrocarbon. It involves the activity of microorganisms that
oxidizes the aromatic ring of the heterocyclic hydrocarbon and degrades it. The degrading
bacteria that isolated from the seawater are useful to clean up the heterocyclic hydrocarbon
in seawater. This study aims to isolate heterocyclic hydrocarbon degrading bacteria from
the coast of Sarawak. Five bacteria were isolated and characterized via biochemical tests
and molecular technique. The degradation ability of the isolated bacteria was determined
by testing the chemical properties for each bacterium. The result shows that the isolated
bacteria may play some role in heterocyclic hydrocarbon degradation.


This article focuses on the analysis of fundamental moments at making an English entrance test to MA course for students of non-lingual specialities. The article also contains recommendations on preparing students for testing control of their receptive skills and theses for developing a lingual test as a means of intensification of methodical erudition of specialists-examiners.


Abstract : This final report on the development of the Radio Set AN/PRC-70 manpack receiver-transmitter is concerned with the technical aspects and problems encountered in the development and test of the 21 (ET/ST) Engineering Test/Service Test Models. (Author)


We discuss the azimuthal asymmetries of the Drell-Yan process in nucleon-nucleus collisions at the low transverse momentum of the lepton pair. Within the transverse-momentum-dependent (TMD) factorization formalism, the nuclear effects of these azimuthal asymmetries can be from the gauge link of the TMD quark distribution. We estimate all these nuclear effects within the assumption that all the TMD parton distributions or correlations are in Gaussian forms.


The principle and study on preservation of instant meatball of modified atmosphere packing were introduced in this paper. The instant meatball packaged with PET/PE material and filled with gas mixtures of different ratios can be preserved under 4℃. And we got its shelf life via sensory evaluation and total bacterial count. It was discovered that the shelf life of modified atmosphere products could reach to 21 days, more than that of vacuum packaging.


We consider the problem of fitting a parametric model to an astronomical dataset. This occurs when fitting simple heuristic models (e.g. powerlaw relation in a bivariate scatter diagram) or complex astrophysical models (e.g. thermal plasma model of an X-ray spectrum). After regression procedures have found the 'best' fit, the chi-squared (χ2) or Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) statistics are often used to evaluate confidence limits for the parameters and goodness-of-fit probabilities. However, these procedures have mathematical limitations and biases which are often not fully recognized among astronomers. Here we offer a recently developed approach that works under very general conditions (e.g. correlated parameter estimators). We combine K-S statistics with bootstrap resampling to achieve unbiased parameter confidence bands. This method can be extended using the Kullback-Leibler distance measure to discriminate goodness-of-fit between models. This method is unusual in that it can treat different families of models, as well as nested models within one family. This is an example of how contemporary statistics can address methodological issues that often confront astronomers. Penn State has recently created a Center for Astrostatistics to facilitate development and promulgation of statistical expertise for astronomy and related observational sciences. We are developing tutorials in methodology and software, promoting cross-disciplinary research, providing Web resources, and otherwise serving the statistical needs of astronomers. 1. The Problem of Model Selection and Fitting The aim of model fitting is to provide most parsimonious 'best fit of a parametric model to data. It might be a simple, heuristic model to phenomenological relationships between observed properties in a sample of astronomical objects. Examples include characterizing the Fundamental Plane of elliptical galaxies or the power law index of solar flare energies. Perhaps more important are complex nonlinear models based on our astrophysical understanding of the observed phenomenon. Here, if the model family truly represents the underlying phenomenon, the fitted parameters give insights into sizes, masses, compositions, temperatures, geometries, and evolution of astronomical objects. Examples of astrophysical modeling include:


Twenty eight strains of bacterial symbionts of entomopathogenic nematodes, belon ging to four species of Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus , were stored with t hree methods (1% sodium chloride solution, distilled water and paraffin liquid) at room temperature (12 ̄28℃) and tested for their duration of maintenance. The results demonstrated that all strains of tested bacterial symbionts could k eep their primary form and antibiotic activity for two years with the three meth ods. The duration of maintenance stored with 1% sodium chloride solution was o ver two years at 10℃ and 23℃ constant temperature. More than half strains st ored with 1% sodium chloride solution could survive over 6 months and most strai ns stored with distilled water and paraffin liquid died in 6 months at 4℃.


Throughout the history of philosophy the concept of unity has presented a problem. What does it mean to say that the cosmos is one, that a thing is one, that an organism is one, that a nation is one, that mind and body are one, that knower and known are one? Exactly what is it that is denoted when unity is postulated of anything? And when two or more entities are conceived as subsisting in unity, exactly what is the relation between that unity on the one hand, and its correlative duality or plurality on the other?


Recent studies confirm the importance of satellite positioning in location-based services (LBS) development. A field study was conducted in suburban and rural areas near Zagreb, Croatia in order to examine the real-time data compliance with recently established positioning performance requirements for LBS quality of service (QoS). Data analysis was based on comparison between actual positioning performance and pre-specified positioning parameter values using defined comparative procedures. The results presented here confirm a good correlation between the actual and required positioning performance, even without implementation of any of augmentation or assistance positioning methods.


there is no doubt that the media can find ways to influence public opinion only after building trust in them. Identifying ways to win over the target audience by publishing relevant information and news has become a major challenge for the media. The main objectives of this study are to assess the overall level of trust of Syrian youth in the Russian Arabic-language media and to identify a significant relationship between faith in the objectivity of the media and trust. The researchers used the interview-questionnaire method to assess the psychological climate of news and information broadcast by the media as a factor of trust in them. Key findings: 1) the psychological climate of news and information broadcast by the media is a factor in the level of confidence of the Syrian youth in the Russian Arabic-language media; 2) the overall level of such trust is quite high today; 3) the degree of trust is a direct continuation of the belief in the objectivity of the Russian media in general. Accordingly, the higher the belief in the objectivity of the media, the higher the level of trust and vice versa; 4) unlike other media, the trust of the Syrian youth in Russian Arabic-language radio channels is not based on objective information transmitted on the radio.


The purpose of this project was to invent new Educational model, to fill the gap in Education by showing the positive influence of Multimedia Art, especially Multimedia Performance on Permanent Learning at the level of primary school students, college students and teachers or on Education in general. After introducing the specifics of Multimedia Art as a Synesthetic model and necessity of Empathy in Education by Multimedia Performance, the mentor supervised and compared two groups of children (15 primary school students and 15 college students). He had prepared each group separately, but joined them all while performing Christmas in Musical Pictures.Results indicate that after one year of preparation, the two groups of students of all ages have been spontenously integrating in a Performance and thus making no differences. Each of 6 levels of audio-visual Performance has been performing as an orchestrated part of Oness. Final Performance show that Multimedia Art, especially Multimedia Performance strengthens educational capacity of the Permanent Learning and enables the students and creative persons as well to integrate intensively their Cognitions and Existential Supportings, thus becomes favourable for Permanent Learning and Education in general. Educators need to increase their knowledge of the Multimedia Art and especially Multimedia Performance in order to improve the Permanent Learning development. (Additional data: 7 short films)


As indicated by the title of this volume, this collection of public speeches, conference presentations, and practical tips for the elementary foreign language classroom truly celebrates the vibrancy and mission exhibited by many teachers of foreign languages at the elementary level. The designation FLES* (pronounced "flestar") has been created by Lipton as an "overall term for all types of elementary school foreign language programs" (p. 1), including sequential FLES (Foreign Language in the Elementary School), FLEX (Foreign Language Exploratory), and Immersion. According to Lipton, the term "sequential FLES" subsumes the model usually referred to as FLES.


Since transfer students are a fact of undergraduate life today, institutional faculty and staff members need to be aware of the issues affecting their transition and strive to make it as successful as possible.


This dissertation focuses on the notion of humanitarian work in contemporary Croatia. Specifically, it explores refugee aid workscape, with an emphasis placed on work experiences and processes of aid workers. Bearing in mind the critique of humanitarianism that sees humanitarian work as a form of biopolitical governance and an ambivalent system of care and control, this thesis explores in what ways these antagonisms influence the work of humanitarians and employees of the nonprofit sector in Croatia. Emphasis is placed on the transformation of humanitarian work following the concept of affective labor, and a post- Foucauldian understanding of governance and self-care. Accordingly, the dissertation offers an anthropological analysis of work in humanitarian organizations that provide aid to refugees/migrants/asylum seekers in the contemporary Croatian context, taking into account their precarious and projectified working conditions. It starts off by exploring humanitarianism through history, tracing the contradictions inherent to humanitarianism and its development from 19th-century philanthropy to international profession and industry. It analyzes different shapes of humanitarianism and traces how the dominant perception of liberal western humanitarianism has been created, and what are the norms, trends, and politics that define this perception. It shows the development and meaning of non-governmental organizations and civil society and their complex relationship to the concept of humanitarianism. For the international community, predominantly led by Western countries, the end of the Cold War signaled the long-awaited expansion of liberalism, which was no longer limited by Cold War relations. The last decade of the 20th century represents a turning point that is reflected in the nexus of humanitarianisma, liberalism and interventionism in war and postwar environments as well as in the global transformations in the area of work. These two aspects represent the two axes on which this dissertation relies when questioning the contemporary forms, discourses and antagonisms of aid work. The relationship between the seemingly opposed notions such as "help" and "work", "emotions" and "rationality" or "amateurism" and "professionalism" that frequently accompanied conversations and appeared during fieldwork has been taken as the starting point for examining the relationship between transformation of humanitarianism and transformastion of work. These relationships, contradictions and transformations of humanitarianism, NGO sector and aid work are explored in the Croatian post-transitional context taking into account that the development of civil society in Croatia took place in post-war and transitional circumstances, which impacted the positioning of civil society and humanitarian organizations in the contemporary context. In addition, it explores the emergence of new humanitarian initiatives and the processes of bureaucratization and institutionalization of grassroots humanitarianism. The mass transit of refugees in Croatia in 2015. and 2016. prompted the humanitarian and advocacy engagement of various actors – individuals, international agencies, and civil society organizations – and even the establishment of new initiatives and NGOs. It also increased the possibilities for funds and grants related to European Union and other international donors. A new humanitarian and advocacy niche has been established in the labor market, with a significant increase in the number of individuals, collectives, initiatives, and organizations involved in working with refugees and migrants. The author conducted ethnographic research that consists of ethnography of work in the Winter Reception and Transit Center in Slavonski Brod during the mass refugee transit in 2015/2016, participant observation among employees and volunteers in civil society organizations and initiatives that provide aid to refugees, and semi-structured interviews with volunteers and aid workers. This applies in particular to (1) interlocutors who were engaged in the refugee camp in Slavonski Brod, some of whom have continued to work in similar jobs until today, and (2) interlocutors who joined one of the humanitarian and/or human rights organizations subsequently and who, during this research, actively work or volunteer on programs related to contemporary migration and refugee regimes. Interviews covered employment experiences, motivations, expectations, and possible deviations from expectations, as well as difficulties that aid workers deal with such as the growing phenomenon of burnout. Relying on interviews and participative ethnography the author captured tensions between different understandings of humanitarianism. Specific focus was placed on the relationship between humanitarianism perceived in relation to concepts such as solidarity and activism on one side, and humanitarianism perceived as a highly professionalized and bureaucratized aid industry on the other. The main focus of this research was to explore in which ways, practices, and discourses the tension between the two perspectives about humanitarianism reflects in the labor processes of aid workers and in what ways the Croatian regime of care that refugees/migrants/people on the move are subjected to encapsulates those tensions. The concept of affective labor enabled understanding of the taxing experience of aid work and highlighted the entanglement of ethics, politics, and affects in the humanitarian sector. After the historical and theoretical insights into the development of the humanitarian industry, together with the antagonisms that followed its creation and transformation, and by using the narrative analysis based on interviews and ethnographic accounts, this dissertation explores (1) the ways the aid system has been commodified in the Winter Transit and Reception Camp in Slavonski Brod, (2) the ways grassroots/independent humanitarianisms have been developed during the mass refugee transit and (3) how these independent and/or volunteer initiatives risk being co-opted by the neoliberal/late capitalistic management techniques. Using the dialectical relationship between the processes of depoliticization and repoliticization of suffering, this dissertation explores the labor processes of aid and advocacy work having in mind the different positionalities of humanitarian organizations. The main focus is placed on the labor invested in overcoming the gap between taxing emotional, moral, and affective forms of labor and the processes of professionalization and bureaucratization that reproduce the uneven power relationship characteristic of a humanitarian regime. The latter gap pointed out the importance of self-care not only as a desirable practice within the taxing refugee aid workscape, but as a tool for shifting the interpretation of the problem produced by policies of migration/refugee regimes from their external sources to the internal level of aid workers. This is normally done by encouraging workers to optimize their capacities and skills when it comes to processing unjust practices, political decisions, and policies. However, most interlocutors demonstrate how an overwhelming landscape of refugee aid and a lack of experience or a lack of institutional protection can easily compromise the mental health of humanitarian workers. This research shows that it is precisely in the process of finding the balance between "care for others" and "care for oneself" (the humanitarian impulse and imperative of self-care) that affective labor takes place. After considering these processes through the notions of psychologization and pathologization of aid and advocacy work, the thesis interrogates the relationship between humanitarianism and feminism. Specifically, it explores volunteer work through the lens of the theory of social reproduction and the work practices that encapsulate the tensions between the subversive and exploitative capacity of emotional labor. Finally, this dissertation explores intersections of different forms and understandings of humanitarianism in the contemporary aid workscape in Croatia. It showed that the focus of the notion of work in humanitarian studies helps to grasp the ambivalent nature of humanitarianism. It points out that it consists of a dialectical relationship between emotional and rational capacities. These two parts of work consider emotional work that refers to interaction, communication, empathy, and care, and the efforts invested by workers not to burn out due to exhaustive and stressful work conditions. While the first level involves investing emotions and affects that cannot be quantified, the second level is determined by the attempts of humanitarians to establish control over the intensity and scope of care they invest in aid work. Next to rethinking different forms and shapes of the antagonisms of humanitarian work, the thesis explores the potential of emotional/affective labor suggesting that the process of repoliticization of labor in humanitarian and NGO sector can lead the process of overcoming these antagonisms.


First-principles methods based on Density functional theory (DFT) are now adopted routinely to calculate the properties of materials. However, one of the biggest challenges of DFT is to describe th ...


The present work deals with the indigeneous development and characterization of cellulose acetate membranes, in both flat sheet and hollow fibre forms, for plasmapheresis application. Using these membranes, blood filtration studies are carried out and the results are presented.


The utility model belongs to an apparatus for grading fine particle materials, particularly used for grading fine particles in ore dressing plants of ferrous metals to substantially enhance the grade of fine ore. The utility model is mainly characterized in that a vibrator adopts an electromagnetic straight-line high-frequency vibrator. The mounting position of the apparatus is a point where the vibration direction of the electromagnetic straight-line high-frequency vibrator is vertical to a screen surface and passes through the gravity center of a screen box. Screw bolts for angle modulation are arranged between the screen box and a frame. Compared with a mechanical fine screen with high-frequency vibrations of the same scale, the utility model has the advantages of simple structure, steady vibrations, adjustable tilting angle of the screen surface, high grading efficiency, low cost and energy consumption, safety, etc.


Operators of convolution type with variable coefficients are investigated in spaces of series commonly employed for such operators and supplemented by the spaces , , , of bounded measurable functions. The properties of these new spaces are investigated. Conditions insuring that operators are of the Noether type are investigated and the index of operators with coefficients from these spaces are calculated. A theorem asserting the coincidence of zeros in these spaces is stated. The results are applied to investigate conditions for integral equations with homogeneous kernels to be of Noether type. For the last class the structure of zeros is clarified in the case of constant coefficients.


Abstract The storage life of the non-astringent persimmon cultivars 'Fuyu', 'Jiro', 'Amankaki' and 'Hana Fuyu' grown in the eastern Mediterranean region has been studied. Persimmon fruit were harvested at commercial maturity and stored at 0°C and 85–90% relative humidity. Neither chilling injury nor fungal decay were observed in 'Fuyu', 'Jiro' and 'Amankaki' over 150 days or in 'Hana Fuyu' over 120 days. Weight loss exceeded 10% in 'Fuyu' and 'Amankaki' fruit after 150 days and in 'Jiro' after 120 days. During storage, fruit softened and skin colour became darker (lower L* values) and deep orange-red (lower hue angle values) in all cultivars. Total soluble solids (TSS) content and titratable acidity did not change significantly. Results confirm that 'Fuyu' and 'Jiro' can be stored under these conditions for up to 150 days and 'Amankaki' and 'Hana Fuyu' for up to 120 days.


A submount for connecting a semiconductor device to an external circuit, the submount comprising: a planar substrate formed from an insulating material and having relatively narrow edge surfaces and first and second relatively large face surfaces; at least one recess formed along an edge surface; a layer of a conducting material formed on a surface of each of the at least one recess; a first plurality of soldering pads on the first face surface configured to make electrical contact with a semiconductor device; and electrically conducting connections each of which electrically connects a soldering pad in the first plurality of soldering pads to the layer of conducting material of a recess of the at least one recess.


Patients with chronic central serous chorioretinopathy who developed photodynamic therapy–induced acute exudative maculopathy presented a visual acuity gain, reduction in the subretinal fluid, and a complication rate similar to the control group. Therefore, having this phenomenon does not seem to compromise the visual prognosis 2 years after treatment. Purpose: To analyze the 2-year clinical outcomes after photodynamic therapy–induced acute exudative maculopathy (PAEM) in patients with chronic central serous chorioretinopathy. Methods: Prospective observational study that included 64 eyes of 64 patients with chronic central serous chorioretinopathy who received half-fluence photodynamic therapy and had a 2-year follow-up. Patients were classified into two groups based on whether they had had PAEM at 3 days after treatment (PAEM+, n = 22; ≥50 µm) increase in subretinal fluid or not (PAEM−, n = 42). Best-corrected visual acuity and subretinal fluid changes evaluated with optical coherence tomography were registered at 3 days, 1 month, 3 months, 1 year, and 2 years after photodynamic therapy. The number of recurrences, the appearance of outer retinal atrophy, and choroidal neovascularization were analyzed. Results: Best-corrected visual acuity was 75.9 ± 13.6 (20/32) and 82.0 ± 11.0 letters (20/25) at 2 years in the PAEM+ and PAEM− groups, respectively (P = 0.055). There were no differences in the best-corrected visual acuity change (4.2 ± 7.7 vs. 3.3 ± 7.1 letters; P = 0.654) and the subretinal fluid decrease (−117.3 ± 74.2 vs. −138.5 ± 83.6 µm; P = 0.323) at 2 years between patients with and without PAEM. No differences in the number of recurrences (P = 0.267), the appearance of choroidal neovascularization (P = 0.155), or outer retinal atrophy (P = 0.273) between both groups were noted. Conclusion: Patients with chronic central serous chorioretinopathy with and without PAEM presented similar results at 2 years in best-corrected visual acuity gain, subretinal fluid reduction, and complication rate.


With the IoT connecting the world, finding parking lots is much easier with smart parking solutions. Some of the parking areas in the world use at least some kind of smart parking solution these days. There are existing and broader solutions when it comes to parking a vehicle. So, in this project, we are mainly focusing on developing these existing solutions a step further. I hear we are mainly focusing on a solution that increases the effectiveness of the management processes in the currently existing solutions and developing a relevant and integrated security solution. The project will include a refined prediction system that can predict the outcomes of some of the main processes that are done inside a parking area so that smart parking management and be done much more smoothly and effectively. Prediction systems are designed on the idea of getting possible security issues, vehicle types on peak hours as an outcome. And even in the aspect of security rather than a separate system, there is an integrated one coming with this project that has improved functionality with regards to a parking area. The main possible security threats that happen in a parking area are being identified by us and implemented separate functionalities on detecting them. Furthermore, the project includes a decision-making system that can deduce and take the decision on slot management in a parking area so it can work effectively and with minimum human interaction.


Although business historiography has demonstrated a variety of impediments placed on women's entry to entrepreneurship and business, the negotiated mechanisms that constructed the gendered selection has been understudied. Based on an analysis of loan applications by Jewish women in British-ruled Palestine before 1948, this article shows how material considerations to approve the loans and facilitate entry to business activity were based not merely on gender-oriented perceptions on the legitimacy of doing business, but also on a mosaic of normative constructions of family, community, and nation building.


The Productivity Commission's research report responds to a request by the Australian Government to examine the contribution that national reform of building regulation has made and further reform could make to the performance of the building and construction industry. The research report was publicly released in December 2004. The Commission found that the Australian Building Codes Board has made progress in reducing regulatory differences across jurisdictions and in basing the Building Code of Australia to performance-based requirements. However, there is scope for further reforms to enhance productivity and to benefit the broader community. The Commission recommends the Australian Government, as well as the State and Territory Governments, continue to be actively involved in reform of building regulation and to negotiate a new Intergovernmental Agreement. The agreement would clarify the objectives of building regulation reform; strengthen the commitment to national consistency; and also affirm the importance of a whole-of-government approach to building regulation.


As the speed of industrial pick and place robots continues to increase, new trajectory planning strategies will need to be developed in order to optimise the dynamic characteristics of high speed motion. The use of elliptical pick and place cycles coupled with a Modified Sine cam motion profile is proposed and compared to the traditional rectangular cycle with trapezoidal velocity profile. The elliptical cycle exhibits very smooth, continuous motion curves. Asymmetric acceleration can optionally be specified to reduce peak joint torques and increase maximum pick and place speed.


FIELD: metallurgy. SUBSTANCE: charge based of ore of the following composition in wt %: SiO 2 - 5.1; CaO - 0.9; Al 2 O 3 - 5.2; MgO - 0.3; Fe 2 O 3 - 54, MnO - 13.1; ZnO - 0.9; SrO - 0.4; P 2 O 5 - 5.1; SO 3 - 0.7; TiO 2 - 0.9; Y 2 O 3 - 0.3; ZrO 2 - 0.06; BaO - 2.6; Nb 2 O 5 - 0.9; La 2 O 3 - 2.0; CeO 2 - 3.1; Pr 2 O 3 - 0.32; Nd 2 O 3 - 0.97; ThO 2 - 0.1, at carbon content of up to 0.5 wt % over 100%, is fused in weakly reducing medium at 1300°C SiO 2 /CaO ratio=5.6. Content of Na 2 O in ore is increased to 3 wt %. Here, the melt is separated and metal high-phosphorus iron-based melt portion is removed. Residual melt carbon content is increased to 15 wt % over 100% by coal to get strongly reducing medium. SiO 2 /CaO ratio is increased to 0.9 by limestone, temperature is increased to 1600°C, and fusing is performed to formation of silicon carbide. The melt is separated in metal and silicate parts. Low-phosphorus iron is removed and melt silicate part is cooled by heat shock to get porous chemically active glass enriched in rare-earth metal oxides suitable for further processing. EFFECT: expanded sources of raw materials. 2 ex


Much of World Health Organization's (WHO) creditability and legitimacy as a global public health agency now hinges upon its leadership to coordinate international health work, as well as effectiveness of the International Health Regulations (IHR). With the IHR lacking robust accountability mechanisms for compliance and oversight, the article proposes an establishment of a Committee C of the World Health Assembly—an idea first put forward by Gaudenz Silberschmidt, Don Matheson, Ilona Kickbusch—not as a pancreas to the chronic shortfalls of the WHO, but as an additional governance mechanism to improve accountability and transparency at the organization. Democratizing global governance of health would rebuild trust and engender global solidarity, the foundations for a resilient global health system.


To support a transparent multi-user multiple-input multiple output (MU-MIMO) transmission, the orthogonality between co-scheduled layers is not perfectly guaranteed in the long term evolution (LTE)-Advanced system. In this case, however, significant performance degradation in channel estimation can occur due to the interference from transmit signals for co-scheduled users. To overcome this problem, the proposed method partially estimates and eliminates the interference using simple matrix operations. After the partial interference cancellation, we apply a two-dimensional minimum mean squared error (2-D MMSE) channel estimation scheme with an adaptive weighting method considering the remaining interference and noise.


Art work used for book cover of Food and Appetites : The Hunger Artist and The Arts (Edited by Ann McCulloch and Pavlina Radia)


It is obvious to everyone who has associated with Arabic and Urdu literature that both Mahmood Sami al Baroodi and Allma Muhammad Iqbal are the shining stars in the orbit of Arabic and Urdu literature, because each of them made the world busy by his literature, and tied to blow the spirit of innovation in the style of poetry and made free it from affectation and returned it to sincerity and integrity of expression ,and each of them  developed his political and cultural thought by traveling to Europe.
In this article we have tried to highlight the political and literary life of Iqbal and al Barood, we also tried to analyze their efforts in the field of literature and their stand on the politics


11 THH eDflXX R Communications for this section will be published as space and priorities permit. The comments should not exceed 350 words in length, with a maximum of five references; one figure or table can be printed. Exceptions may occur under particular circumstances. Contributions may include corn-ments on articles published in this periodical, or they may be reports of unique educational character. Specific permission to publish should be cited in a covering letter or appended as-a postscript. I would like to comment on the paper of E. M. Cordasco, et al, entitled " Pulmonary Manifestations of Vinyl and Poly-vinyl Chloi4de (interstitial lung disease) : Newer Aspects, " (Chest 1981; 78:8088 34) and caution against any prema-hire conclusions reached from this paper. While their article supplies interesting information, it does not substantiate their main contention that the three cases represent what they call vinyl chloride/polyvinyl chloride lung dii ease. Instead, each case is completely different and not really comparable. The first case represents an alleged pulmonary disease from the inhalation of pyrolysis products of PVC meatwrap-ping film. The second case is an apparent exposure to vinyl chloride fumes; the third case represents one where the exposure is polyvinyl chloride resin dust. Each of these materials has different properties and characteristics and should not be considered a specific entity. Furthermore, the environmental information concerning exposure in each case is extremely scanty and limited. Therefore, having three individual cases of completely different exposures, and hay-ing little information on the specifics of the exposures does not constitute a designation of a disease entity. This fact should be made clear! The first patient described was a meat wrapper exposed to PVC film thermal decomposition products as well as emissions from the adhesive heat label. The exact details of the latter exposure were not given. Blood tests for phthalic anhydride were said to be elevated. Phthalic anhydride was said to be a decomposition product of PVC. This, unfortunately , is not the case. The thermal decomposition of plain PVC has been studied extensively and emission products have been identified.1'6 PVC alone is different from PVC meat packaging film, which also contains a number of selected additives including plasticizers (di-2-ethlhexyl adi-pate) which can comprise up to 30 percent of film. Major emissions from hot-wire cutting of PVC meat packaging film are hydrogen chloride and p!asticizer breakdown products including di-2-ethylhexyl adipate. PVC is not part of the …


The defensive industry is oneof the mostimportant industries in Indonesia. One of them is explosive industry, which needs ammonium nitrate. Nitric acid is one of the strategic materials for defensive industry and also usedas an oxidizing agent and as a highly active acid for fertilizer, plastics, pharmaceuticals,dyes, synthetic fibers, insecticides,and fungicides.
Nitric acid can be produced from weak acid processand concentrated acid process.Nitric acid in explosive industries only needs concentration about59o/oweights. Therefore, this preliminary plant doesn't have concentrated acid process,which can producenitric acid up to 100% concentration.Weak acid processwith singlepressureis usedin this preliminary plant. The pressurethat is used is a medium pressure (7 atm). The reason for choosing weak acid processis becauseit is suitable for small or mddium capacityplants(nitric acid that is producedwhich is less than 600 tones/day)
Ammonia liquid is used as raw material in the making of nitric acid. The brief of description processis as follows; ammonia liquid as raw material is vapored using vaporizerthenpart ammoniavapor formed reactswith oxygen in the air and anotherpart reactswith tail gas forme.din the absorber.Reaction befween ammonia and oxygen occurs inside the membranereactorwith lanthanum perovskite catalyst. Then gas product
flows to heat exchanger networ-ksystem and reaction between gas product from reactor with water form nitric acid is occurred all the way to heat exchanger network system. Nitric acid with 40% concentration is formed after partial condensationinside cooler condenser.This nitric acid then flows to the bottom ofabsorber to react and be absorbed with water to form nitric acid with 60% concentration all at once. Uncondensed vapor in
cooler condenser then flows to the middle ofabsorber to be reacted and absorbed by H2O to form nitric acid with 60% concentration all at once. To reduce tailgasemissionthat is produced,tailgaswill be reacted with NH: inside SCR reactor to form Nz andOz.
Thispreliminaryplantdesignhas following properties: Raw material NHr Raw material capacity 492.0658kg/hour Nitric acid capacity 2777 -78 kg/hour Purity 600/o
Utility : .
Water :75 m3lday .
Electricity :44 kW '
Fuel :9.0874lb/hour Amount of employees I I I people Plantlocation Cikampek,WestJava. Land area 6400 m' Processarea 1600 m2 Building area 1354m2
vl

Economicanalysis:
1. IRR
Beforetax:41.09 %o
Aftertar:24.48%
2. ROE
Beforetax:52.81 %'
Aftertax:32.74Yo
3. POT
Beforetax: 2 yearsand7 months
After tax: 3 yearsanda month
4. NPV : R,p.125,259.,394,761 .98
5. ROr :46.30%
6. BEP :30.796%


The paper deals with the frequency domain Galerkin-Bubnov scheme of the Indirect Boundary Element Method (GB-IBEM) for the solution of the Pocklington integral equations for arbitrary thin wire configurations. The presence of a lossy media is taken into account by using both the reflection coefficient approximation and the rigorous Sommerfeld integral formulation. Some illustrative computational examples related to power line communication systems (PLC) and grounding systems are presented.


Vector decomposition problem has been proposed on some supersingular curves whose embedding degree is 2 for example. In order to apply the problem as a trapdoor for some innovative cryptosystems, it is necessary to make pairing-related calculations more efficient. Our previous work has considered an approach for Tate pairing on a supersingular curve of embedding degree 2 over extension field of extension degree 2. It improved both Miller's algorithm and final exponentiation that was required for the Tate pairing. In detail, one multiplication in the calculation of Miller's loop was eliminated by using a twist mapping. This paper shows a more improved calculation of pairing with some experimental result for the efficiency discussion.


Based on the latest research results,an Au halo CHIM pattern is proposed on the basis of known data summarizing.Electrogeochemical dissolving is happened in concealed deposits.Metallic anions and cations are migrated to the earth surface by all kinds of geological force and enriched in supergene zones.It is called halo CHIM that electromobile metal ions are extracted by either anodes or cathodes in a artificial electric field.CHIM ionic halo,which is dynamic related to the concealed deposit,is in mobile form.The elemental composition of the halo normally is the same with that of ores,and the halo occurs typically directly above the source of deposit.Therefore,CHIM ionic halo has significant applications on finding concealed deposit.


NEXT PAGE  One of the fundamental components of the theory of island biogeography, and of any theory that purports to explain large-scale or macroecological patterns in the distribution and abundance of species, is the rate of immigration or dispersal. Dispersal is critical both for species to expand their distribution and to maintain their presence in communities in the face of local extinction. When groups of species vary in their macroecological patterns, differences in dispersal are often cited as the cause. However, most studies to date have failed to actually quantify and compare dispersal rates in order to verify this assertion. In a recent article in the Journal of Biogeography, Kyle Dexter provides a framework for how population genetic data across multiple species can be used to estimate dispersal and validate the role of dispersal in shaping macroecological patterns. He illustrates the approach with an example from bird communities in the Lesser Antilles, which have long been a model system in island biogeography and macroecology. Previous authors have primarily emphasized the roles of competition, history and extinction in structuring these communities. By quantifying and comparing dispersal rates among different groups of birds, Dexter demonstrates that dispersal also plays an important role in this system.


A typical production cycle for African catfish farming begins with a selection of fingerlings or juvenile fish of good quality for brood stock development. Fish are selected from a family or grow out stock basing on records of the origin,age, strain and performance history of the parents or from the wild in this brochure, we explain the basic steps and requirements a farmer needs in order to achieve good results in the hatchery.


A modified injection efficiency controlled gate commutated thyristor with a trench structure is proposed.A trench oxide layer stop structure is introduced into the anode surface to be substituted for the original planar structure.The novel device still keeps the injection efficiency-adjusted effect,and also eliminates the decrement of active anode contact caused by planar SiO2 stop layer.Simulations show that the proposed device extends the active anode area and has a lower on-state voltage.And injection efficiency and turn-off characteristic can be controlled by the trench width.


This article summarises the report produced by the Expert Group (EG) on Sustainable Production established by the European Commission using external experts from around Europe. The EG met six times in 2000-01 to consider the requirements for competitive and sustainable (C&S) production systems in Europe and the implications for Research Technology Development and Innovation (RTD&I). It provides forward-looking, strategic guidance for EU policies and actions in support of RTD&I in relation to production and related service industry sectors. It specifically addresses how RTD&I can contribute to competitive and sustainable European production systems in the period to 2020. The study was initiated and funded by the « Competitive and Sustainable Growth » Programme of the EU Research Directorate. The contents of this article, as a summary of the report, are the sole responsibility of the expert group, the views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of the Commission. Nigel Roome was the Chairman and Rapporteur


Jamestown Canyon Virus (JCV), a negative-sense arbovirus, is increasingly common in the upper Midwest of the USA. Transmitted by a range of mosquito genera, JCV has at its primary amplifying host, white-tailed deer. Aedes aegypti is the major transmitter globally of the positive-sense viruses dengue (DENV), Zika, chikungunya, and Yellow Fever. Ae. aegypti's distribution, once confined to the tropics, is expanding, in part due to climate change. Wolbachia, an insect endosymbiont, limits the replication of co-infecting viruses inside insects. The release and spread of the symbiont into Ae. aegypti populations has been effective in reducing transmission of dengue and other viruses to humans. The mechanism of Wolbachia-mediated viral blocking in vectors is still poorly understood, however. Here we explored JCV infection potential in Ae. aegypti, the nature of the vector's immune response, and interactions with Wolbachia infection. We show that Ae. aegypti is highly competent for JCV, growing to substantial loads and rapidly reaching the saliva after an infectious blood meal. The mosquito immune system responds with strong induction of RNAi and JAK/STAT. Neither the direct effect of viral infection nor the energetic investment in immunity appears to affect mosquito longevity. Wolbachia infection blocked JCV only in the early stages of infection. Wolbachia-induced immunity was small compared to that of JCV, suggesting innate immune priming does not likely explain blocking. We propose two models to explain why Wolbachia's blocking of negative-sense viruses like JCV may be less than that of positive-sense viruses, relating to the slowdown of host protein synthesis and the triggering of interferon-like factors like Vago. In conclusion, we highlight the risk for increased human disease with the predicted future overlap of Ae. aegypti and JCV ranges. We suggest that with moderate Wolbachia-mediated blocking and distinct biology, negative-sense viruses represent a fruitful comparator model to other viruses for understanding blocking mechanisms in mosquitoes. Author Summary Jamestown Canyon Virus (JCV), a newly emerging virus in North America, causes disease when it spills out of its wild mammal hosts into human populations via the bite of infected mosquitoes. We show that the mosquito Aedes aegypti, known for transmitting many viral pathogens to humans globally, and whose distribution is creeping northward in the USA toward regions where JCV is present, is likely able to transmit the virus. Wolbachia is an endosymbiotic bacterium being released in wild mosquito populations of mosquitoes because it limits the replication of human viruses inside the mosquito, limiting their transmission to humans. We show that Wolbachia has a limited ability to control the replication of JCV, which is likely because Wolbachia-induced antiviral response is quite weak, and unique aspects of negative-sense virus biology make them less susceptible to blocking. Our findings suggest that JCV may serve as a comparative model to positive-sense viruses like dengue in dissecting the mechanism of Wolbachia-mediated virus blocking. It also warns that shifting mosquito distributions, as expected under a changing climate, could bring JCV and Aedes mosquitoes into greater contact, potentially increasing the incidence of JCV in humans.


A method is being developed for measuring interparticle forces between nanoparticles. Previously, the method of differential electrophoresis has been used to measure forces between micron size particles with different zeta potentials. The method used video microscopy to measure colloidal trajectories, and the electrokinetic equations to interpret the forces. The developments that will enable nanoparticle forces to be measured include measurements between identical spheres, as well as a method for "visualizing" the moment of breakage for smaller particles. This paper focuses on the first of these goals, measuring forces between identical particles by interpreting trajectories of colloidal triplets.


In certain patients it is clinically possible to in duce a profound regression of widely disseminated cancer even in the terminal stages of the disease by modification of the hormonal status of the host. These witherings of extensive cancer in mul tiple loci are accompanied pari passu by clinical improvement which lasts for more than a decade in favorable cases, the neoplasm remaining in an atrophie condition or having been destroyed—in whole or in part. Prolonged or worth-while relief has been rendered thereby to many people. It is now certain that steroid hormones are of great sig nificance in the maintenance of three neoplasms. The problem is far from solved, however; many patients do not respond to attempts at hormonal control, and in others the relief is of short dura tion. It would appear that the control of cancer by steroid modifications is in its incipience—only a crack has developed in the faA§ade of cancer.


Quite rightly, the question is being posed: For whom is the IPA chart to be of service, (a) chiefly, (b) at all? Yet regardless of who the main beneficiaries may be, an issue on which I intend to imitate the (in)action of the mugwumps, I suggest that pedagogic principles are of the greatest importance in the creation of a chart to replace the existing amalgam. That is to say, a future chart must be so designed as to be not merely a statement of the situation but also a 'guide, philosopher and friend' for the user, from whatever walk of life. Users may be taking their first steps in acquiring proficiency in the use of a tool that has to be at the service of an increasingly varied range of people. Viewed thus, the chart must not be a simple systematised aggregation of facts, but also a methodical presentation of the same.


Abstract Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with different morphologies have been prepared by pyrolysis of a mixture of acetylene-ferrocene over predeposited Co and Ni catalysts at 700°C. A high yield of carbon nanotubes with further purification have been obtained in the optimal conditions. The optimum synthesis parameters included synthesis temperature of 700°C, growth time of 30 min, flowrate of acetylene and hydrogen of 40 and 300 sccm respectively. Multiwall straight, curved, helically, coiled, planar-spiral and V-shaped nanotubes were found with diameters in the range of 10-70 nm and with lengths up to 5 μm. The morphology and structure features of the MWCNTs are characterised using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectra, Raman spectroscopy and thermogravimetry analyses.


The Categorical Approach (CA) and the Algebraic Approach (AA) are two well known frameworks for the study of complex systems: The first is based on colimit constructions, the second on algebraic operators for composition. In CA, category objects model components and morphisms tell how systems are simulated, refined, etc. Complex systems are modeled as diagrams and composition is achieved via universal constructions (e.g., colimit), which encapsulate components and their interactions in a single object. In AA, constants and operations of a signature model basic processes and their admissible compositions. System behaviors are defined by LTSs in the SOS style. Abstract semantics (e.g. bisimilarity) collapse systems that exhibit the same observable behavior. Reconciling CA and AA is useful for the mutual transfer of concepts and techniques. As a first step, we investigate the relation between two representatives: CommUnity [1] (for CA) and the Tile Model [2] (for AA). CommUnity is an architectural description language that provides a conceptual distinction between computation and coordination concerns in communicating distributed systems. The Tile Model [2] is an operational model for concurrent systems that deals uniformly with closed and open systems and where two dimensions coexist: distribution in space and computation in time. A translation from CommUnity diagrams into the Tile Model is given in [3], which exploits a novel decomposition of CommUnity diagrams in terms of elementary programs. Tile connectors for synchronization, hiding and mutual exclusion are used to coordinate elementary components. The main result of [3] is that the translation of a diagram is tile bisimilar to the translation of its colimit. In the talk, we establish a stronger link between the colimit construction and the abstract semantics by showing that the encoding of a CommUnity diagram is equal to the encoding of its colimit up-to a suitable axiomatization of the connectors.


Winning the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry in 2020, The Tradition, written by African American poet Jericho Brown, has peculiar features and outstanding themes. The collection holds three sections: nature and race, labor and race, violence/love and race, including topics and themes about racial history and responsibility, racial issues and police brutality, domestic violence, gender relations and oppression, social violence, sexual coercion and assault, homosexuality and diseases such as virus and HIV. It also juxtaposes the blackness and the whiteness to highlight the relevant racial phenomena and problems, which can arouse profound and unusual reflections. What is most idiosyncratic about this book is the gender of the poet, or say, of the narrator appears to be surprisingly ambiguous, often inclining to be a woman narrator instead of the poet's biological gender. Most of the language is sarcastic and thematic. In some poems, Brown purposely misused English grammar to undermine the authority of the white-centered culture, including its language. This collection symptomatically inscribed the colonized history of black slaves, the social psychology of discrimination toward the black race, the poverty and violence of the black, and black women's suffering of domestic abuse and sexual coercion and violence. Brown did not evade the racial conflict long existing between the European whites and the African Americans. Instead, he openly demonstrated the conflict and pursued a change. The poet's challenge of the deep-rooted racialism, racial violence and gender inequality is scathingly expressed in the poems. This somewhat aggressive attitude is the opposite of the customary reactions of some African Americans. He seriously raised a revelatory thinking about race, violence and gender, which evidently echoes the sociological conflict theory in several aspects. The social conflict theory was first put forward by Karl Marx, who used it to refer to the societal state of perpetual conflict and competition for the limited resources and wealth. Social conflict theory developed into an intricate system of social theory by the end of 1960s. According to social conflict theorists, conflict is not necessarily negative and social conflict can disclose the illness of


The invention surgical relates to a patient eye patch, and more particularly, but to allow the length of the entire lining variable through the folding of the connecting portion that connects part of the eye portion that covers the eyes of the patient, a protective pad in close contact with the eye of a patient are separated from each other by being located only in the eye part it relates to a surgical patient lining so that the interference of the protective pad when connecting folding process does not occur. The eye portion side of the pair; To this end, a pair of eye portions, and a base sheet including a connecting portion for connecting the eye portions of the pair corresponding to the patient's eyes, respectively; formed on one surface of the base sheet an adhesive layer each bond is, a protective pad of the pair of protection is in close contact with the patient's eye; overwritten to the adhesive layer and the protective pad, the release liner adhered to the adhesive layer: and including, the release paper is a cost corresponding to the ocular unit of the pair of the pair of eye portion release paper and, a connecting portion doedoe release paper is separated to the configuration, and the eye portion release paper connection release sheet corresponding to the connecting portion, which release liner end is operative, characterized in that configured to include a superimposed so as to overlap and cover covering the other release paper It provides a patient eye patch.


A car seat includes a vertically adjustable head rest (35) and a harness-supporting device (50) which properly locating the position of the harness relative to the child in response to the positioning of the headrest (35). The headrest (35) is movable along a curved path in order to provide horizontal clearance with respect to the vehicle headrest, when it is in a fully raised position. The Gurtzeuggurt (50) is trapped in a Langeneinstellverriegelung and follows a path about a fixed guide rod (49) on top of the vehicle seat frame, and then down through a guide element (46) extends, which directs the strap through an opening (47) in the seat back , to engage the child. The guide member (46) is supported on a harness control pipe which engages a rack device to fix the position of the harness control tube when the position of the headrest (35) is selected.


Examines and compares the various institutional arrangements for regulating migration that have been developed in Indonesia and the Philippines, referring to them generally as "migration infrastructure". The study sought to determine whether these have any impact on the relative conditions of employment of Filipino and Indonesian domestic workers in Hong Kong.


Aims and Objectives: General: To understand the experience of beginning hemodialysis treatment and its related adjustments. Specific: To delve into the experience of beginning hemodialysis, understand patients' concerns and perceptions about diet and lifestyle changes, comprehend the factors that interfere with adherence, and understand the experience and self-care associated with vascular access and the degree of social acceptance of the disease. Background: The percentage of patients on hemodialysis who lack dietary adherence is highly variable, ranging from 25% to 86%. This affects morbidity-mortality and involves increased health care costs. Therefore, we studied this phenomenon from a qualitative point of view. Design: Qualitative phenomenological study. Methods: Semi-structured interviews of patients who had recently begun hemodialysis at the Fuerteventura general hospital were conducted. Data analysis was performed using ATLAS Ti 7.0 software, with a focus on phenomenological reduction and inductive coding. And it has followed coreQ checklist to report the findings manuscript. Result: Three major themes were found: self-care, kidney disease and replacement therapy, and relationships with the environment. It was observed that patients who perceived greater support from their families had a higher level of adherence. Still, they experienced greater difficulty in adhering to the restrictions on liquid consumption than to following the dietary recommendations. Conclusion: The experience of living with hemodialysis has a progressive character that ends in adjustment and acceptance. Kidney transplantation and perceived support act as facilitators of adherence. Relevance to clinical practice: Patients develop mutually supportive relationships that facilitate their adjustment to lifestyle changes. Relationships with professionals are trusting, although patients seek greater closeness with doctors as well as support for making therapeutic decisions.


We report a nuclear-magnetic-resonance investigation of four titanium alloys: Ti\char21{}1 at. % V, Ti\char21{}2 at. % V, Ti\char21{}1 at. % Al, and Ti\char21{}2 at. % Al. Interpretation of the experimental $^{51}\mathrm{V}$ and $^{27}\mathrm{Al}$ absorption curves was accomplished largely by comparison with computer-simulated curves. Since the latter include the effects of nuclear-quadrupole and anisotropic Knight-shift interactions, dipolar broadening, and inhomogeneous Knight shift for the V and Al solute nuclei, the comparison yields experimental values for the electric-field gradient, axially symmetric anistropic Knight shift, and isotropic Knight shift, from which we attempt to deduce the local charge distribution at the V or Al atoms in the hcp \ensuremath{\alpha}-Ti matrix. We find that the localized states on an Al impurity exhibit very little of the character of the host Ti atomic structure. There is no orbital contribution to the Knight shift and the s conduction-electron density at Al sites is small. On the other hand, when vanadium is present as a dilute solute in the Ti lattice, only minor changes in its Knight shift are found. There is a large orbital-shift contribution, and the V nuclear absorption exhibits much the same character as in pure metallic V; there is, however, clear evidence of the V charge distribution assuming the hexagonal symmetry of the Ti lattice. The measured temperature dependences of the anisotropic Knight shift and electric-field-gradient values at V solute sites in Ti are also discussed. On partitioning the field gradient we find that the contribution from local non-s electrons is about two to five times larger in magnitude than the Ti-lattice ion value, a strong indication that the electronic structure near V (but not Al) resembles that of the matrix Ti.


We examined the ultraweak photon emissions from a paddy weed, Scirpus juncoides, to assess the availability of photon emissions for the identification of weed biotypes resistant to sulfonylurea herbicides. The emission intensity from the plant organs increased when treated with a sulfonylurea herbicide in a concentration-dependent manner. The increment in emissions was higher in the sulfonylurea-resistant biotypes than in the sulfonylurea-susceptible biotypes. The difference between the biotypes was greater in the culms than in the roots and remained so through the vegetative growth stage to the flowering stage. This difference was independent of the seed source or mutations in the acetolactate synthase genes of the resistant biotypes. These results suggest that the determination of ultraweak photon emissions can be a useful method for identifying the sulfonylurea-resistant biotypes of S. juncoides.


According to the features of net data current rule and the changing compared with ordinary circumstances when DDoS attacks,this paper proposes that the changing function of statistical rule can be gained by CUSUM method of sequential detection to inspect the relavant changing point.It proves that the CUSUM method without parameter is a simple and effective intrusion detection system of little calculation needing no complex parameter.By this method,DDoS attack can be analyzed immediately and detection function can be improved.


The food industry produces throughout its chain, a large amount of agro-industrial wastes that cause money losses and many environmental problems. Nevertheless, the complete utilization of those wastes as ingredients for feed processing aim to add up value to these by-products. Thus, this work raises the characterization and utilization of some agro-industrial wastes, by both physical and chemical overviews, toward the processing of feed for the shrimp cultivation by means of two different thermal processes, direct heating and microwave heating. The ingredients processed and formulated into the laboratory were the Mixed Ingredient I (wheat bran added to cherry flour) and the Mixed Ingredient II (cassava bran added to bovine blood in natura), as well as the fish and the shrimp flours, and also the cassava bran, were obtained by drying and milling of the wastes from the raw materials. The processed feed presented protein and lipid level into the nutritional requirements recommended for shrimp cultivation, as well as energy values higher to the RC (Control Feed). Moreover, all the feed presented density values close to the pattern, submerging when placed into the water, in fact, it shows that both thermal treatments and the extrusion process used for the feed production were efficient for their purpose.


ABSTRACT The alternative control of plant diseases aims to minimize environmental impacts through the use of natural products. The objective of this work was to evaluate the in vitro activity of aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts from Pycnoporus sanguineus and Lentinus crinitus against Fusarium sp. A fungus known to cause disease in plants. Fungis amples were collected in the urban and rural areas of Parintins-AM, and tested against different extracts concentrations. Inhibition of mycelia growth, inhibition of conidial germination and inhibition of germination of sclerotia were assessed. Mycelial growth inhibition was highest with hydroalcoholic cold extracts. Hydroalcoholic and aqueous extracts from P. sanguineus obtained by ultrasonic ation and hydroalcoholic cold extract from L. crinitus caused 92% of conidia sporulation. Aqueous hot extracts inhibited sclerotia germination in both fungi samples as well as hydroalcoholic cold extract from L. crinitus . Fungi consortium inhibited sclerotia germination at 1000 μg mL


The paper considers measures for palliating poverty in Croatia. After an introductory account, poverty is defined, and a very brief description of the situation in Croatia is given. In the sequel, attention is devoted to the encouragement of economic growth, the creation of greater opportunities for employment, the enhancement of human capital, an effective welfare system and well-oriented targeting of benefits to groups that need assistance, decentralization, the restraining of corruption and the development of institutions. The paper concludes with some final considerations and proposals.


Specific WPC pallet was taken as an object of study.The possible failure modes of the pallet were analyzed considering the pallet structure and combination pattern.The evaluation indexes were determined through experimental study based on the actual bearing capacity.The structure models were established in Ansys Workbench environment and two failure modes were simulated.The bearing characteristic of over-all structure and bolted connection under static bending was analyzed.The performance of material and rationality of design was verified through further analysis.


The new book, Salmon: Biology, Ecological Impacts and Economic Importance, is a collection of scientific reviews in diverse fields of salmonid ecology, morphology, genetics, fisheries, aquaculture, and economic importance of salmon. Twenty-eight authors from seven "salmon-dependent" (a word from Chapter 14 that caught my fancy) countries represent 15 chapters filled with both well-known and new information on considered issues. The well-made book cover features mature salmon migrating upstream bringing new life for future generations, nutrients for freshwater ecosystems, and prosperity for coastal communities. In a similar fashion, this picture symbolizes that assimilation of the book's information by the reader provides a baseline for new advances.


In the analysis of the growth of the higher organism it is essential to obtain definite measures of the interrelationship between certain measured magnitudes. Those which require consideration are the following: (1) The correlations between the actual size of the organism at the various stages 1 of growth. (2) The correlations between growth increments of the organism during the several growth periods. (3) The correlations between the size of the organism at any stage and any or all subsequent growth increments. The labor of determining these correlations by ordinary methods is excessive. If the first set of correlations (1) be determined by taking all moments about of as origin, 2 we may solve problems (2)-(3) as follows. Problem 2.—To determine the correlations between growth increments from the moments and product moments of size at the several growth stages. Let w, x, y, z be the dimensions of the organism at growth stages p, g, r, s. The growth increment during the intervals q-p, r-q, s-r will then be ipq = x-w, iqr = y-x, irs = z-y. The moments Z(x), Z(x2), Z(y), E(y2),…, and the product moments Z(wx), Z(wy),…, Z(yz) are available for the correlations between size, which are required on their own account (Problem I). The constants for growth increments are given by well-known formulæ and similarly for The product moment for any two growth increments, say ipq and irs, is In the special case in which three consecutive stages, say W, X, y, are involved we write Problem 3.-To determine the correlation between the size of the organism at any stage and any growth increment. The notation of problem (2) may be used. The physical constants for the growth stages and growth increments have been given.


Background: Staff working in a forensic psychiatric unit have to make sure to keep the unit safe, and at the same time care for the patients. Caring for convicted patients can therefore be describe ...


This study aims to find out factors cause the difficulty of learning speaking at eighth grade students of SMPN 2 Kediri Academic Year 2010/2011, the difficulties related to their intrinsic and extrinsic factors . There were fifty six students participated in this study as the samples, 24 students from VIII C and 32 students from VIII C, and only eight students randomly for interview among those fifty six students who responded to the questionnaire. The data in this study was gained through observation, questionnaire and interview. The data obtained was then analized by identiflying the problems from the observation, questionnaire, interview and then the data from questionnaire is calculated. The result of this study showed that there were problems or difficulties that students faced in learning speaking. Based on the result, it was found that there were many factors that students faced. The factors were divided into two categories; intrinsic and extrinsic factors. In this study, the major factor that is dominant is intrinsic factor such as the students were lack in vocabularies, the students not master in grammar, the students had difficulties in pronunciation, students could not arrange words into sentences that they wanted to produce, the students did not have strategies to increase their speaking skill, the students were afraid to make mistakes when they speak English with their friends and the students were shy to speak English. Extrinsic factor such as they were rarely practiced and even never practiced English and there were not sufficient facilities that the school prepared.


Using Information Technologies in organizations represents an evident progress for company, money economy, time economy and generates value for the organization. In this paper the author proposes to model the business processes for an organization that manages projects costs, because modelling is an important part of any software development process. Using software for projects costs management is essential because it allows the management of all operations according to the established parameters, the management of the projects groups, as well as the management of the projects and subprojects, at different complexity levels.


he also drew heavily on materials in France, Germany, the Low Countries and England. The rich tapestry that resulted testifies to the assiduous research. While the book does not attempt to describe in any detail why Basel was a city of refuge, considerable toleration and rich diversity, it does describe the currents and undercurrents, individuals, writings, and ties to John Calvin that characterized the years 1552-1556. Plath's book is very carefully circumscribed and within the established limits it is very carefully and competently done. It should prove useful to scholars interested in a variety of topics.


Routing is one of the critical and ongoing challenges in Wireless Sensor Networks. The main challenge has always been to have a routing protocol that reduces the communication overhead, hence saving the energy of the sensors in the network. Hierarchical routing protocols are known to be the most energy-efficient routing protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks. In this paper, a more generalized hierarchical routing protocol is introduced for Wireless Sensor Network, which is based on tree data structures. The clustering in the proposed protocol has the format of a general tree, which is constructed in an adaptive manner based on the distance of the sensors. Results show that the proposed tree-based protocol introduces a significant benefit in energy consumption and lifetime of the network over the existing hierarchical approaches.


Hypothesis / aims of study It has been reported that several TRP channels were expressed in the bladder urothelial cells and afferent nerves innervating the bladder, and that the expression of TRPA1 was up-regulated in the bladder mucosa taken from men with lower urinary tract symptoms/bladder outlet obstruction (male LUTS/BOO) (1). In addition, animal studies demonstrated that protein expressions of the TRPV1 and TRPV4 channels were increased in the bladder of the male rat with partial BOO (2, 3). However, possible expression changes of the other TRP channels in the bladder and its afferent pathways associated with BOO and their functional implication have not been fully investigated. In this study, we first evaluated the mRNA expressions of TRP channels systematically in the urinary bladder, L6 dorsal root ganglion (DRG), and spinal cord dorsal horn of rats with partial BOO at a subacute period. Second, we investigated the effects of antagonists for some TRP channels of which mRNA expressions were upregulated on bladder function in this BOO rat model.


Background and objectives: Rare individuals (Bombay and para‐Bombay phenotypes) fail to express the A, B and H antigens on erythrocyte membranes because of a lack in the H gene (FUT1)‐encoded α(1,2)fucosyltransferase activity. In this study, we have found a para‐Bombay individual (Bmh) who expressed B and H antigens in saliva but not on red blood cells. The FUT1 alleles of this person contained two single base changes (T460C and G1042A) in the coding region relative to the wild type allele. These substitutions may result in changes in two amino acid residues (Y154H and E348K). Materials and methods: Since the T460C and G1042A mutations destroy endonuclease RsaI and AvaI sites, respectively, we tested for these mutations using PCR‐RFLP. Results: Our findings indicated that this para‐Bombay person was homozygous for the T460C and G1042A mutations, and that neither of these mutations was found in 136 randomly selected Japanese individuals. The measurement of the α(1,2)fucosyltransferase activity after transient expression of the FUT1 alleles in COS‐7 cells indicated that the H‐deficient allele‐encoded enzyme had no detectable activity. Moreover, transfection by chimera FUT1 allele contains only the T460C mutation, or only the G1042A mutation, and yielded 1.0 or 9.3%, respectively, of the activities compared to transfection by the wild type allele. Conclusions: These results suggest that the two mutations in combination are responsible for the inactivation of the FUT1‐encoded enzyme activity.