Objective To investigate distribution of integrain β1 in human oocytes and embryos before and after maturation/fertilization,dring the first and second meiosis,in morulae and blastocyst stage. Methods Human oocytes and embryos were stained by anti-integrin β1 (PharMingen 09351D) and FITC-labeled second antibody (PharMingen 110094D),and observed by confocal microscope. Results Integrin β1 concentrated in the nuclear area in matured oocytes,zygotes and 2-cell stage embryo,indicating that integrin β1 might involve in mitosis.Dislike mouse,there was no distribution of integrin β1 on the well-accepted sperm binding area on the oocytes,indicating that integrin β1 might not involve in the binding and fusion of human sperm to human oocytes.Conclusion It was first postulated that integrin β1 might actively involve in the pronuclear fusion process in human in vitro fertilized oocytes.The marker of ectotrophoblasts,polarized distribution of integrin β1, appeared at the morulae stage.The stronger expression in ectotrophoblasts around the inner cell mass might indicate some specific function of the ectotrophoblasts near the ICM.


Our society is placing more emphasis on religion and religious issues. Persons seeking counseling often request Christian counseling. Students in academic settings often express an interest in becoming Christian counselors. Often the religious aspect is left out or avoided in courses for training counselors. This article gives some specific ways in which religious issues can be used in a counseling setting using the three ps: place, personhood and philosophy.


Naso-Endotracheal Intubation (NEI) for anaesthesia in oral and maxillofacial surgeries are difficult in case of oral mass, micrognathia, restricted mouth opening, pathological anatomy of upper airway and restricted neck extension. This case report presents the clinical and anaesthetic management for a 46-year-old male patient recently operated for left buccal mucosa squamous cell carcinoma with restricted mouth opening of 1.5 cm, a big rent of 4×5 cm on left cheek and restricted neck extension and flexion scheduled for forehead flap surgery. Patient was intubated with non-channeled Video Laryngoscope (VLS) assisted awake nasal intubation.


The overall goal of this research is to better understand the mechanisms behind polysaccharide interactions during gelation in order to better control their use as food ingredients. The present research investigates polysaccharide structure and dynamics under dilute and semi-dilute conditions and during the sol-gel transition to better understand their behavior in food systems ranging from salad dressings to gelled desserts. In addition, the behavior of polysaccharides in high sugar systems is also studied, which is of importance in gelled-candy formulations.


The goal of the study is to support analysis Enhancement of Resolution and study effect on classification methods on bands spectral information of specific and quantitative approaches. In this study introduce a method to enhancement resolution Landsat 8 of combining the bands spectral of 30 meters resolution with panchromatic band 8 of 15 meters resolution, because of importance multispectral imagery to extracting land - cover. Classification methods used in this study to classify several lands -covers recorded from OLI- 8 imagery. Two methods of Data mining can be classified as either supervised or unsupervised. In supervised methods, there is a particular predefined target, that means the algorithm learn which values of the target are associated with which values of the predictor sample. K-nearest neighbors and maximum likelihood algorithms examine in this work as supervised methods. In other hand, no sample identified as target in unsupervised methods, the algorithm of data extraction searches for structure and patterns between all the variables, represented by Fuzzy C-mean clustering method as one of the unsupervised methods, NDVI vegetation index used to compare the results of classification method, the percent of dense vegetation in maximum likelihood method give a best results.


The changing environment and levels of resource endowment in the Lake Victoria Basin have necessitated increased human activities as a survival technique, in an attempt to reduce poverty levels and ensure food security at the household level. This study examined the dynamics in human activities of the local communities of the Lake Victoria Basin of Kenya. Participatory Research techniques were used to gather information from the respondents in the community on selected variables. It is apparent that the major constraints that have encouraged changes in the land use patterns and livelihood diversification were low education, poor agricultural technology and knowledge, environmental, economic, cultural and social factors. There were constraints such as decreased food crop yields [maize, beans, sweet potatoes] and low production levels, decreased food crop variety and diversity, reduced food and nutrient diversity, unsustainable changes in food consumption patterns, reduced sources of water and decreased water volume. There is a strong link between the traditional systems in natural resource management, besides re-afforestation, education on wetland use and management.


The potential alpha energy concentration of radon daughters can be determined by means of the difference in the track densities measured with one unfiltered and one filtered solid state nuclear track detector within appropriate dosemeter chambers. Assuming a certain radon activity concentration in air, both the corresponding potential alpha energy concentration as well as the difference in the track density rates are functions of the equilibrium factor. Therefore, the dosemeter response also depends on the equilibrium factor. For a special type of double chamber the dosemeter response was calculated and experimentally investigated as a function of the equilibrium factor


The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and diversity of black Aspergillus and Penicillium species on white and red grape varieties in Dealu Mare vineyard (in two vilticultural centres Valea Calugareasca and Pietroasa), during the harvest time of 2014 and 2015. A total of 61 fungal strains belonging to black Aspergillus (28 strains) and Penicillium (33 strains) were isolated. An RFLP analysis of the 5.8 S-ITS region was performed by using different combinations of endonucleases for molecular identification of fungal isolates at species level. A. niger (accounting 60.71% of all isolates) and P. expansum (66.66%) were the predominant species identified, followed by A. tubingensis (17.85%) and P. chrysogenum (21.21%). Higher biodiversity of fungal isolates has been found in Pietroasa Centre than from Valea Calugareasca.


Cultured, density‐dependent growth inhibited human glia cells were exposed to X‐radiation, generated by an 8‐MeV linear accelerator, at a dose of 200 Gy. Phase contrast microscopy, time‐lapse cinemicrography and scanning electron microscopy showed the irradiated cells to have increased ruffling activity of plasma membranes and enhanced macropinocytosis with a maximum approximately 24 hours after irradiation. »Atypical« central ruffles arising from the upper cell surface were demonstrated on some irradiated cells. The turnover of plasma membranes was supposed to be increased in the irradiated cells resulting in the formation of the observed branched, thread‐like cells. The diminished cell surface area was believed to result from an unbalance between degradation and renewal of the plasma membranes in the irradiated cells.


Three-dimensional molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanosheets grew on reduced graphene oxide/single-walled carbon nanotubes (GNTs). The resulting reduced graphene oxide/single-walled carbon nanotube/MoS2 (GNT-M) hybrid nanocomposites were used as efficient counter electrodes (CEs) in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The microstructural details of the nanohybrids were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which showed an intertwined structure with an abundance of exposed active sites on the edge. X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy were used to further confirm the binding of MoS2/GNT and the nanostructures. The composite electrode-based DSSCs with GNT-M10 showed a maximum power conversion efficiency of 8.01%, which is higher than that of a Pt CE (7.21%). Furthermore, GNT-M10 performed stably in the 1 week continuous test. Such excellent photoelectric performance can be attributed to the fact that MoS2 nanosheets with a 3D structure...


Let S be the space of entire functions /(z) such that 2 2 ll/(z)ll = //l/(z)l dm(z), where m is a positive measure defined on the Borel sets of the complex plane. Write dm(z) — K(z)dAz = K(r,8)dAz. Theorem 1. // In infg K(r, 6) is asymptotic to In supg K(r, 6) (together with other mild restrictions) then polynomials are dense in S. Theorem 2. Let K(z) = e"®^2' where 0(z) is a convex function of z such that all exponentials belong to S. Then polynomials are dense in S.


In this paper, we investigate the band properties of 2D honeycomb plasmonic lattices consisting of metallic nanoparticles. By means of the coupled dipole method and quasi-static approximation, we theoretically analyze the band structures stemming from near-field interaction of localized surface plasmon polaritons for both the infinite lattice and ribbons. Naturally, the interaction of point dipoles decouples into independent out-of-plane and in-plane polarizations. For the out-of-plane modes, both the bulk spectrum and the range of the momentum k∥ where edge states exist in ribbons are similar to the electronic bands in graphene. Nevertheless, the in-plane polarized modes show significant differences, which do not only possess additional non-flat edge states in ribbons, but also have different distributions of the flat edge states in reciprocal space. For in-plane polarized modes, we derived the bulk-edge correspondence, namely, the relation between the number of flat edge states at a fixed k ∥ , Zak phases of the bulk bands and the winding number associated with the bulk Hamiltonian, and verified it through four typical ribbon boundaries, i.e. zigzag, bearded zigzag, armchair, and bearded armchair. Our approach gives a new topological understanding of edge states in such plasmonic systems, and may also apply to other 2D 'vector wave' systems.


A study was conducted to assess available micro nutrient status of soils of Pathardi Tehsil of Ahmednagar District by GIS technique. 199 soil samples (0-22.5 cm) drawn during 2014 from the 70 villages were analyzed for their fertility status and mapped by geographic information system (GIS) technique. The exact locations of soil samples were recorded with the help of GPS. The results indicated that all samples were slightly alkaline to moderately alkaline in soil reaction (7.09-8.39), non-saline (0.11 -0.58 dS m-1), low to moderately high in organic carbon (0.22-0.74 %) and Calcium Carbonates ranged from (5.75-13.0 %). Regarding to micronutrients, the soils were sufficient in available Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, B and Mo which ranged between (1.13- 5.96 mg kg-1), (2.65- 3.96 mg kg-1), (0.19- 0.74 mg kg-1), (1.15- 7.72 mg kg-1), (0.25-0.77 mg kg-1) and (0.026-0.068 mg kg-1) respectively, whereas Mn, Cu and Mo were sufficient and Fe, Zn and B were poorly deficient to sufficient in soil. The pH of the soils recorded negative and non-significant correlation with available Mn and Mo. It was positive and non-significant correlation with available Fe, Zn and B. While negative and significant with available Cu. The EC showed positive and non-significant correlation with available Fe, Zn, B and Mo While negative and significant correlation with available Mn. Organic carbon showed negative and non-significant correlation with available Mn and positive and non-significant correlation with available Fe, Zn and Mo. While B showed negative and significant correlation with organic carbon. CaCO3 was negative and non-significantly correlated with available Mn, Zn, Mo and positively correlated with available Cu and B.


One of the main conditions for the further development of horse breeding, improving the quality and reducing the cost of production is a complete feeding of horses depending on the intake of energy, protein, minerals and vitamins into the body. The purpose of the research was to study the use of bentonite clay from the Zyryansk deposit as a mineral additive in the rations of brood mares and young horses of Oryol trotting breed. Analysis of the ration used for feeding experimental animals showed that they provided the needs of horses in normalized nutrition indicators, with the exception of a number of minerals in the control group. It was found that the coefficient of digestibility of dry matter in mares in the control group was 0,72 abs.% lower than in the experimental group. The organic matter the mares of the experimental group was digested more than the control group by 0,90 abs.%. The coefficient of digestibility of crude protein in mares of the control group was less by 1,51 abs.% (P < 0,05), compared with herdmates of the experimental group. The digestibility of crude fiber in mares of the experimental group who consumed bentonite compared with mares of the control group was higher by 3,39 abs.% (P < 0,05). Mares of the control group digested crude fat worse than analogues from the experimental group by 1,15 abs.%, and nitrogen-free extractive substances by 0,70 abs.%. The study of indicators characterizing the growth and development of young animals, as well as the analysis of conformation indices showed that the foals of the experimental group had superiority over their control herdmates in terms of the complex of studied indicators.


The master-slaver dual-leg coordination control was used for biped robot with heterogeneous legs(BRHL) to simplify its planning scheme, of which the key of coordination is gait tracking control. Bionic knee joint enables the robot to walk more like human, but its modeling is complex and the control of bionic leg to track artificial leg is difficult. The P-type open/closed-loop iterative learning control (ILC) is therefore put forward to combine together the advantages of open-loop and closed-loop ILC without a model to rely on so as to fit the control of path tracking of complicated robot. The convergence of the algorithm proposed is proved and a simulation based on virtual prototype was done, of which the results showed that the algorithm is efficient and robust especially its converging speed is higher than individual open-loop or closed-loop ILC.


Corrigendum to RCS article with doi: 10.1002/rcs.1984 (Share control of surgery robot master manipulator guiding tool along the standard path). The author wish to correct the funding information indicated in Acknowledgment section. The complete information is shown below: This scientific work was co-financed from research funds of the National Science Centre as research projects no. 2011/01/B/ST7/04011 and no. 2012/05/N/ST8/02262.


Increases in soda consumption mirror the increase in obesity rates in many countries of the world. This association, however, might be explained by third factors that are correlated with both trends. This paper exploits a natural ex-periment in Peru and finds that a reduction in the price of soft drinks increases consumption and leads to increases in obesity rates among adult women and children. It also finds, however, that a reduction in the price of soft drinks reduces diarrhea prevalence among adolescent girls. Finally, reinforcing the idea that the effects on diarrhea prevalence occur as a result of a substitu-tion of soda for contaminated water, I find that most of the effects are stronger among households without running water at home.


Cluster analysis is a method often used in pattern recognition. With the aid of the signal processing and the learning of the computer, disfferent samples can be classifeid and recognized in a dimension reduction space of the characteristics because of the differences of their character -istics. To realize dimension reduction transformation, a nonlinear mapping method was discussed in this paper. To prove that the cluster analysis is suitable for quite different fields of samples, in this paper some ship noises and some EEG as the samples belong to two different fields are classified and shown. And it is worthy to point out that an adaptive step size expression of adaptive iteration deduced here will also be effective if it is applied to speed adaptive algorithm convergence of general signal processing.


Parts of financial intermediaries are also insurance
companies. In Albania, the numbers of insurance companies are
increasing year by year. So did the number of services and products they
offer. At the same time even the competitive environment has changed,
becoming more aggressive. In this way the problems and challenges for
the insurance companies has been increased. The problems for the
insurance companies have been increased even more after the global
financial crisis as the financial crisis effects are felt either in Albania. For
this reason I have decided to treat in this paper the insurance companies,
the problems and challenges facing this market. At the beginning of this
paper I will present the current situation in the insurance companies
market. I will show the progress of this market in years. Also I will show
how the current economic indicators of this market are. Further I will
make a presentation of the problems and challenges that are facing this
potential market. It will also try to draw some conclusions and give some
recommendations. In this paper are used more narrative and analytical
methods. Tables and graphs accompanied by relevant comments will be
able to give a clear picture of what I want to show.


In imaging devices, there is a trade-off between the images (snapshots) and video because of the limitation in storage capacity. Video clips need more storage space compared to images. This motivated to generate the video from a single stitched 2D image rather than storing video clips. Humans analyze varieties of cues from a single image and act accordingly, unlike robots. Creating a vertical virtual walk-through a Single stitched large sized image is proposed in two folds: In the first phase, the input images are stitched to form a single large sized image of a scene and in the second phase the virtual walk through the stitched image is rendered. The algorithm is tested on a set of nearly 400 images obtained from both indoor and outdoor scenes. The presented approach is computationally efficient and has been verified extensively by experiments. Since the proposed algorithm is completely automated it is amenable for implementation on robotic platforms.


A paper was published describing the derivation of dilution factors for down the drain chemicals in all countries across the world. These dilution factors were made available in the supplemental material. Dilution is the single most important factor in estimating the likely concentrations of chemicals coming from point sources (such as sewage treatment works). Companies producing new chemical compounds used in everyday products and chemical registration authorities need to make assessments of likely river concentrations in order to assess the risk of the chemicals to the environment. This is an important step in approving the use of the new chemical. At the present time, a default dilution factor is used. This work presents more bespoke dilution factors to be used for individual countries. It also shows how these dilution factors can change seasonally.


Smooth interfaces of topological systems are known to host massive surface states along with the topologically protected chiral one. We show that in Weyl semimetals these massive states, along with the chiral Fermi arc, strongly alter the form of the Fermi-arc plasmon, Most saliently, they yield further collective plasmonic modes that are absent in a conventional interfaces. The plasmon modes are completely anisotropic as a consequence of the underlying anisotropy in the surface model and expected to have a clear-cut experimental signature, e.g. in electron-energy loss spectroscopy.


The granitic region is known to have high natural radionuclides content. The natural background of the area will be elevated and the exposure rate also will be higher as compared to other region. The present study is focusing on the presence of natural uranium isotopes using its progenies in soils belong to the river basin of the granitic region of Kuala Krai district, Malaysia. Granitic characteristics of the region were believed to produce significant concentrations of natural radionuclide such as uranium and thorium. This paper presents the results of measurement activity concentration 226 Ra, 228 Ra and 40 K in soil using Gamma Spectrometry to estimate activity concentration of radionuclides in fourteen soil samples collected from this study area. The range of activity concentration of 226 Ra, 228 Ra and 40 K is 40.2-264.0, 49.2-312.9 and 491.1-1184.2 Bq/kg respectively. These results were used to estimate the hazards index and annual exposure rate to the member of public.


Purpose: Calypso is a recently introduced prostate positioning technique which can be used to localize and track prostate position during radiation therapy. In this study the compositedelivereddose based on daily Calypso tracking‐data‐stream and different tolerance limits were calculated. Method and Materials: All IMRTtreatment plans were calculated using Corvus treatment planning system. Two IMRT plans which have PTV margins of 5mm and 3 mm were computed for a prostate cancer patient. Compositedoses for 22 fractions were computed based on daily Calypso tracking‐data for both plans. Compositedoses based on Calypso tolerance shifts were computed for two tolerance levels: 5mm and 3mm. For each level, compositedoses for eight combinations of tolerance shifts were computed. The maximum, mean, minimum doses for CTV, PTV, bladder and rectum were recorded. The volumetric coverage of CTV, PTV, bladder, and rectum for 100% and 95% prescription dose were calculated, along with that of bladder and rectum for 65Gy and 40Gy. Results:Compositedoses based on Calypso tracking‐data‐stream for both 5mm and 3mm PTV margins were similar to the original plan. The difference of maximum, mean, and minimum doses for CTV, PTV, bladder, and rectum was less than 1.3%. The volumetric coverage difference of CTV, PTV, bladder, and rectum for 100% and 95% prescription dose was less than 1.1%, as was of bladder and rectum for 65Gy and 40Gy. For 5mm PTV margin, the prescription dose coverage of CTV volume for compositedose of eight combinations of tolerance shifts for both 3mm and 5mm was over 99.5%. For 3mm PTV margin, that coverage was 98.6% and 88.6% for 3mm and 5mm composite shifts respectively. Conclusion: A realistic prediction of deliveredcompositedose can be calculated using tracking‐data‐stream provided by Calypso. Calculated compositedoses were agreed with the planed doses.


In the sciences and elsewhere, the use of relational databases has become ubiquitous.
To get maximum profit from a database, one should have in-depth knowledge in both
SQL and a domain (data structure and meaning that a database contains). To assist
inexperienced users in formulating their needs, SQL query recommendation system
(SQL QRS) has been proposed. It utilizes the experience of previous users captured by
SQL query log as well as the user query history to suggest. When constructing such
a system, one should solve related problems: (1) clean the query log and (2) define
appropriate query similarity functions. These two tasks are not only necessary for
building SQL QRS, but they apply to other problems. In what follows, we describe
three scenarios of SQL query log analysis: (1) cleaning an SQL query log, (2) SQL
query log clustering when testing SQL query similarity functions and (3) recommending
SQL queries. We also explain how these three branches are related to each other.
Scenario 1. Cleaning SQL query log as a general pre-processing step
The raw query log is often not suitable for query log analysis tasks such as clustering,
giving recommendations. That is because it contains antipatterns and robotic data
downloads, also known as Sliding Window Search (SWS). An antipattern in software
engineering is a special case of a pattern. While a pattern is a standard solution, an
antipattern is a pattern with a negative effect.
When it comes to SQL query recommendation, leaving such artifacts in the log during
analysis results in a wrong suggestion. Firstly, the behaviour of "mortal" users who
need a recommendation is different from robots, which perform SWS. Secondly, one
does not want to recommend antipatterns, so they need to be excluded from the query
pool. Thirdly, the bigger a log is, the slower a recommendation engine operates. Thus,
excluding SWS and antipatterns from the input data makes the recommendation
better and faster.
The effect of SWS and antipatterns on query log clustering depends on the chosen
similarity function. The result can either (1) do not change or (2) add clusters which
cover a big part of data. In any case, having antipatterns and SWS in an input log
increases only the time one need to cluster and do not increase the quality of results.
Scenario 2. Identifying User Interests via Clustering
To identify the hot spots of user interests, one clusters SQL queries. In a scientific
domain, it exposes research trends. In business, it points to popular data slices which
one might want to refactor for better accessibility. A good clustering result must be
precise (match ground truth) and interpretable.
Query similarity relies on SQL query representation. There are three strategies to
represent an SQL query. FB (feature-based) query representation sees a query as
structure, not considering the data, a query accesses. WB (witness-based) approach
treat a query as a set of tuples in the result set. AAB (access area-based) representation
considers a query as an expression in relational algebra. While WB and FB query
similarity functions are straightforward (Jaccard or cosine similarities), AAB query
similarity requires additional definition. We proposed two variants of AAB similarity
measure – overlap (AABovl) and closeness (AABcl). In AABovl, the similarity of two
queries is the overlap of their access areas. AABcl relies on the distance between two
access areas in the data space – two queries may be similar even if their access areas
do not overlap.
The extensive experiments consist of two parts. The first one is clustering a rather
small dataset with ground truth. This experiment serves to study the precision of
various similarity functions by comparing clustering results to supervised insights. The
second experiment aims to investigate on the interpretability of clustering results with
different similarity functions. It clusters a big real-world query log. The domain expert
then evaluates the results. Both experiments show that AAB similarity functions
produce better results in both precision and interpretability.
Scenario 3. SQL Query Recommendation
A sound SQL query recommendation system (1) provides a query which can be run
directly, (2) supports comparison operators and various logical operators, (3) is scalable
and has low response times, (4) provides recommendations of high quality. The existing
approaches fail to fulfill all the requirements. We proposed DASQR, scalable and
data-aware query recommendation to meet all four needs. In a nutshell, DASQR is
a hybrid (collaborative filtering + content-based) approach. Its variations utilize all
similarity functions, which we define or find in the related work.
Measuring the quality of SQL query recommendation system (QRS) is particularly
challenging since there is no standard way approaching it. Previous studies have
evaluated the results using quality metrics which only rely on the query representations
used in these studies. It is somewhat subjective since a similarity function and a
quality metric are dependent. We propose AAB quality metrics and then evaluate
each approach based on all the metrics.
The experiments test DASQR approaches and competitors. Both performance and
runtime experiments indicate that DASQR approaches outperform the existing ones.


The present study investigated how group membership criteria and moral understanding can affect children's evaluations of peers after different types of transgressions. In all, the study included 47 participants attending a junior school in Cornwall. All participants were allocated to an in-group and responded to a number of questions which tested intergroup bias and the differential evaluation of norm-violating peers from the in-group and the out-group. Overall, moral transgressions (physical and relational aggression) were evaluated more negatively than a social-conventional transgression. However, those who violated group norms by expressing positive attitudes towards the out-group were viewed differently depending on both moral and group-based criteria. These different criteria for evaluating peers were uncorrelated. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


This study proposes a novel methodology, mixture-amount modeling (MAM), to investigate cross-media advertising synergy based on consumers' media usage. MAM allows to derive optimal media mixes that can be different for different types of media users. The authors provide a proof of concept by analyzing 46,852 responses to 92 beauty care advertising campaigns from 10,972 respondents from the Netherlands, Belgium, Finland, and Hungary and demonstrating the impact of consumers' combined magazine, television, and Internet usage (i.e., how intensively they use media overall and the relative proportion of each individual medium) on their campaign-evoked brand interest, perceived brand equity, and purchase intention for advertised brands. The results suggest that different patterns of consumer media usage result in different responses to advertising campaigns.


Abstract : The integral degree of blackness of soot particles is used as the properties for investigating industrial luminous flares and for calculating the heat exchange. Experimentally the integral degree of darkness of the flare is determined by the method of total radiation. The purpose of the present article is to establish the character of the relationship between the integral and the spectral characteristics of the layer of soot particles with respect to the conditions of a high-temperature industrial flare, and also the distribution of the spectral intensity of radiation in such a flare. (Author)


Quick intravenous injection,steady intravenous injection,oral administration and intramuscular injection are all the way for the medicine delivery.But the concentration variation is quite different by using different way.Quick intravenous injection can make the concentration variation reach the peak immediately,so it is always used in emergence(?)t.While the peak value will present at different time in steady intravenous injection and oral administration and the hold time is also different.In fact,the pharmacokinetic models of these kinds of medicine delivery is different.


With heightened environmental awareness of the whole society,building environment-friendly hotels has become an inevitable trend of the hotel industry.This paper first analyzes the background and meaning of environment-friendly hotels,and then,based on the characteristics and orientation of Zhejiang tourism,expounds the positive roles that these hotels act in Zhejiang tourism which stresses landscapes.It finally comes up with feasible strategies for promoting the construction of environment-friendly hotels in Zhejiang from the perspectives of the government,the tourism industry and the enterprises.


An indirect spectrophotometric method for the simultaneous determination of nitrate and nitrite ions is described. The method is based on measuring the absorbance values of the ion-pair produced by nitrate ion and copper(I) neocuproin chelate in methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) extracts at 452 nm. A calibration graph between absorbance and concentration (μg/mL) was plotted, and the linear equation of the calibration graph was calculated by regression analysis to be as follows: A = 0.08C+0.0091 (r=0.9995). This method was applied for the determination of nitrate and nitrite ions in processed meat products from the market. The amounts of sodium nitrate (mg/kg) and sodium nitrite (mg/kg) in 16 of these meat products were found to be within the Turkish legal limits, which are 300 mg NaNO 3 /kg in ham, but 150 mg NaNO 2 /kg and 500 mg NaNO 3 /kg in sausage. The proposed method was compared with the standard one, and the results obtained by both were in good agreement. So, it can be preferably used for the simultaneous determination of nitrate and nitrite ions. The proposed method is simple, easy to perform, and the reagents are stable. Besides, its sensitivity could be increased by the oxidation of the low nitrite amounts to nitrate ions.


The purpose of this work is to explain the emergence and development of such phenomena as New Text and New Literacies in the context of discourse and text transformation in today's media space, as well as their role for linguistics. The authors define and describe the main conditions resulting in media discourse transformation: media convergence, expansion of electronic media functions, expansion of mass media into social media, and integration of various institutional discourses into media discourse.
The key features of new media texts (as opposed to traditional ones) are the dissemination channel, the author-addressee relationship, the text structure, language specifics, and the main code.
This work defines new literacy as a synthesis of competences required of all media discourse participants (author, addressee, researcher) based on their roles.
The analyzed materials included new texts of educational media discourse from various media platforms, such as television, radio, social media pages, hypertext electronic resources, medical blogs, and science news. The study focuses primarily on audio and video mass media as rapidly advancing media resources.


One approach to the development of antithrombotics is inhibition of platelet aggregation. The pharmacological approach often used is to test compounds on collagen induced platelet aggregation measured in platelet rich plasma. Therefore we have compared inhibitors with different mechanism of action on aggregation of platelets from six different species commonly used in pharmacological studies. Aggregation was induced with submaximal amounts of collagen (Hormone Chemie). Inhibitors of the cyclooxygenase system, aspirin and indomethacin, were very potent in inhibiting aggregation of platelets from humans guinea pig and dog (IC50 20-60 and 1-3 ¼M resp.). Aggregation of pig and rat platelets was poorly inhibited by both of these compounds (IC5: 700-900 ¼M), whereas platelets from mice showed intermediate sensitivety (IC50 ca.100 ¼M). The combined lipoxygenase/cyclooxygenase inhibitor BW755C, was extremely active on platelets of guinea pig (IC50 1 ¼M) and was poorly active in mice platelets (IC50 300 ¼M). In the other species the inhibitory activity ranged from 20-80 ¼M. The phosphodiesterase inhibitors, papaverine and BL3459 inhibited aggregation in all species (IC50 50-100 and 1-5 ¼M resp.). Dipyridamole inhibited aggregation also in all species but with lower activity (IC50 > 100 ¼M). Conclusion: remarkable species differences are present with respect to inhibition of collagen induced platelet aggregation by the various compounds e.g. rat and porcine platelet aggregation was hardly inhibited by cyclooxygenase inhibitors. The effects of the compounds on human platelets are comparable to the effects on canine plateletes.


We explore four different strategies to extract the D-meson semileptonic decay form factors from the Green functions computed in QCD numerically on the lattice. From our numerical tests we find that two such strategies, based on the use of double ratios of 3-point correlation functions, lead to an appreciable reduction of systematic uncertainties. This is an important step in reducing the overall uncertainty in the lattice QCD results for the D-decay form factors which are needed to determine the CKM entries |Vcd| and |Vcs| experimentally, that are nowadays known by imposing the unitarity of the CKM matrix.


Increased requirements for reliability and safety, included in contemporary standards and norms, has high impact over new product development. New numerical techniques based on virtual prototyping technology, facilitates imrpoving product development cycle, resutling in reduced time/money spent for this stage as well as increased knowledge about certain failure mechanism. So called "drop test" became nearly a "must" step in development of any human operated product. This study aims to demonstrate dynamic behaviour assessment of a structure under impact loads, based on virtual prototyping using a typical nonlinear analysis – explicit dynamics. An example is presneted, based on a plastic container that is used as cartridge for a dispenser machine exposed to various work conditions. Different drop orientations were analyzed and critical load cases and design weaknesses have been found. Several design modifications have been proposed, based on detailed analyses results review.Increased requirements for reliability and safety, included in contemporary standards and norms, has high impact over new product development. New numerical techniques based on virtual prototyping technology, facilitates imrpoving product development cycle, resutling in reduced time/money spent for this stage as well as increased knowledge about certain failure mechanism. So called "drop test" became nearly a "must" step in development of any human operated product. This study aims to demonstrate dynamic behaviour assessment of a structure under impact loads, based on virtual prototyping using a typical nonlinear analysis – explicit dynamics. An example is presneted, based on a plastic container that is used as cartridge for a dispenser machine exposed to various work conditions. Different drop orientations were analyzed and critical load cases and design weaknesses have been found. Several design modifications have been proposed, based on detailed analyses results review.


The idea of exact filling bundle may be described roughly as follows. Suppose that ξk is a vector bundle with fibre Rk, total space E(ξk) and base X. We say that ξk is a real k-plane bundle on X. Let in be the trivial n-plane bundle on X so that E(in) = X × Rn. A bundle monomorphism j: ξk → in defines a map : E(ξk)→Rn obtained by composition of the embedding E(ξk)→E(in) and the product projection E(in) → Rn. The map represents each fibre of ξk as a k-plane in Rn.


Magnetic relaxation in a superconducting plate placed in an external magnetic field parallel to its plane is analyzed in the following situation: The external field is switched on and then rotated through some angle in the plane of the plate without changing its magnitude, and then its magnitude and direction are kept fixed. Since the rotation causes flux-line cutting, the so-called general critical state is established in the sample. The relaxation of just this state is investigated. We find expressions for the electric fields and relaxation rates of the magnetic field components and currents in the plate. It is shown that study of the magnetic flux decay allows one to extract the effective height of the activation barrier against flux-line cutting from experimental data.


The HfO2/Hf stacked film has been applied as the gate dielectric in MOS devices. The HfO2 thin film was deposited on p-type (100) silicon wafers by atomic layer deposition (ALD) using TEMAH and O3 as precursors, Prior to the deposition of HfO2 film, a thin Hf metal layer was deposited as an intermediate layer. The deposition temperature of HfO2 thin film was 350degC and its resulted thickness was 15 nm. Round-type MOS capacitors have been fabricated on HfO2/Hf/Si substrates with 200 nm-thick Pt top electrodes. We investigated and then compared the growth of inter layer between the HfO2/Hf/Si and the HfO2/Si structures during temperature annealing. The interfacial layer in our HfO2/Hf/Si structure was changed as the HfSiO film. The Hf metal layer sandwiched in the HfO2/Si structure was effectively suppressed to grow interfacial SiO2 layer. The MOS capacitance of the HfO2/Hf/Si structure was bigger than that of HfO2/Si structure. The dielectric constant in our structure is ~ 19.


Milk and dairy products are a major component of dietary intake, with milk consumption estimated at 6 billion people globally. Adults are reported to consume two or more portions of dairy daily. Cow's milk is composed of a variety of micro and macro nutrients, which is impacted by a range of factors, including lactation stage, and feeding system (indoor vs. pasture). Application of Metabolomics provides in depth analysis of the metabolite composition of milk. The objective was to examine the impact of lactation on bovine milk metabolite levels.

 Metabolomic analysis of bovine milk powder samples across lactation (N = 18), was performed using 1H-NMR. Metabolites were quantified using Chenomx software (7.7). One-way repeated
 measures of analysis variance (ANOVA) with Tukeys post hoc test, was preformed on NMR data using SPSS (version 24.0), to assess the impact of lactation stages. P-values were corrected for multiple comparisons using Benjamini and Hochberg false discovery rate (FDR) procedure. Multivariate statistical analysis of the 1H-NMR data was carried out using SIMCA 13 (SIMCA Version 188.8.131.52 Umetrics, AB).

 42 metabolites were identified and quantified in the 1H-NMR spectra. Statistical analysis revealed that 17 metabolites were significantly different across lactation stages (FDR < 0.05). Of these 17 metabolites, the majority had higher concentrations in early lactation. Examples of metabolites that changed with lactation stage include the tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates citrate and 2-oxoglutarate, amino acids, choline and phosphocholine. Interestingly choline and phosphocholine levels changed in opposite directions.

 Our results demonstrate significant differences in metabolites across the stages of lactation, with early lactation having a distinct metabolic profile. Future work will explore these compositional differences further, encompassing animal feeding practice.

 Food for Health Ireland and Enterprise Ireland.


1 Whistler's Fog and the Aesthetics of Place Bruce B. Janz University of Central Florida Abstract: The concept of place has usually been understood as either a phenomenological, epistemological, or ethical category. An understanding of place as aesthetic or rhetorical, on the other hand, tends to focus on the widely varied uses of the concept. First, I sketch out the wide range of uses of place, that have been drawn from writings on the concept. These uses are not definitions of place, but rather functions that the term performs. Place stands in for other ideas, and allows access to different aspects of human experience. Second, I will draw from this range of uses some ideas about the aesthetics of place, that is, the ways in which the picture that has been painted of the state of place research produces some surprising results. Finally, I will try to address some objections to or limitations of the idea of place. At present, people see fogs, not because there are fogs, but because poets and painters have taught them the mysterious loveliness of such effects. There may have been fogs for centuries in London. I dare say there were. But no one saw them, and so we do not know anything about them. They did not exist till art had invented them. (Oscar Wilde)1


This article presents a flow-based mixed integer programming formulation for the Quality of Service Multicast Tree problem. This is a relevant problem related to nowadays telecommunication networksto distribute multimedia over cloud-based Internet systems. To the best of our knowledge, no previous mixed integer programming formulation was proposed for Quality of Service Multicast Tree Problem. Experimental evaluation is performed over a set of realistic problem instances from SteinLib, to prove that standard exact solvers can find solutions to real-world size instances. Exact method is applied for benchmarking the proposed formulations, finding optimal solutions and low feasible-to-optimal gaps in reasonable execution times.


Abstract A 150-day experiment was performed to investigate the stimulatory effect of a promising phytoremediation strategy consisting of Suaeda heteroptera (S. heteroptera), Nereis succinea (N. succinea), and oil-degrading bacteria for cleaning up total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) in spiked sediment. Inoculation with oil-degrading bacteria and/or N. succinea increased plant yield and TPH accumulation in S. heteroptera plants. The highest TPH dissipation (40.5%) was obtained in the combination treatment, i.e., S. heteroptera + oil-degrading bacteria + N. succinea, in which the sediment TPH concentration decreased from an initial value of 3955 to 2355 mg/kg in 150 days. BAF, BCF, and TF confirmed the role of N. succinea and oil-degrading bacteria in the amelioration and translocation of TPHs. In addition, TPH toxicity of S. heteroptera was alleviated by N. succinea and oil-degrading bacteria addition through the reduction of oxidative stress. Therefore, S. heteroptera could be used for cleaning up oil-contaminated sediment, particularly in the presence of oil-degrading bacteria + N. succinea. Field studies on oil-degrading bacteria + N. succinea may provide new insights on the rehabilitation and restoration of sediments contaminated by TPHs. NOVELTY STATEMENT Our study attempted to investigate the stimulatory effect of a promising phytoremediation strategy consisting of Suaeda heteroptera (S. heteroptera), Nereis succinea (N. succinea), and oil-degrading bacteria for cleaning up TPH in spiked sediment. Planting S. heteroptera can greatly increase sediment TPH removal, and its removal was enhanced greater after inoculation with oil-degrading bacteria and/or N. succinea. Moreover, the promising phytoremediation strategy developed in the current work can serve as an efficient, novel approach to removal TPH in sediment/soil. In our opinions, these findings provide insights into the assessment of their ecological risks in the environments that are of interest to broad readership of International Journal of Phytoremediation .


The purpose of this study was to determine if the Range of Motion (ROM) Dance Program, created by Harlowe and Yu (1984), when used as part of an occupational therapy treatment program, has an effect on chronically ill elderly patients' ROM, self-esteem, and participation in activities of daily living (ADL). Seventeen frail, elderly female individuals participated in this four-week study as either an experimental or control group member. Participants' age ranged from 64 to 85 and all had various impairments or conditions associated with aging. This research study compared the participant's pre-program scores to their post-program scores on ROM, self esteem, and ADL's participation. Analysis of the pre-program and initial post-program mean score variances failed to reveal any significant differences between experimental and control groups, in the ADL, self-esteem, or ROM variables. In addition, evaluation of one-month follow-up mean score variances also were not significantly different. These results appear...


Correlated evolution describes how multiple biological traits evolve together. Recently developed methods provide increasingly detailed results of correlated evolution, sometimes at elevated computational costs. Here, we present evo-scope, a fast and fully-automated pipeline with minimal input requirements to compute correlation between discrete traits evolving on a phylogenetic tree. Notably, we improve two of our previously developed tools that efficiently compute statistics of correlated evolution to characterize the nature, such as synergy or antagonism, and the strength of the interdependence between the traits. Furthermore, we improved the running time and implemented several additional features, such as genetic mapping, Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo estimation, consideration of missing data and phylogenetic uncertainty. As an application, we scan a published penicillin resistance data set of Streptococcus pneumoniae and characterize genetic mutations that correlate with antibiotic resistance. The pipeline is accessible both as a self-contained github repository (https://github.com/Maxime5G/EvoScope) and through a graphical galaxy interface (https://galaxy.pasteur.fr/u/maximeg/w/evoscope).


Objective To evaluate the significance of surgical exploration for the refractory arterial crisis daring the hypersensitive period (48 h to 96 h) after replantation of severed fingers.Methods One hundred and seventy-one patients experienced refractory arterial crisis during the hypersensitive period after replantation of the proximal thumb from February 1995 to February,2005 in our department.Eighty-seven of them were managed with surgical exploration,including incision injury (n=6),saw injury (n=17),rotation and avulsion injury (n=30), and crush injury (n=34).Eighty-four cases received conservative treatment,including incision injury (n=6),saw injury (n=16).rotation and avulsion injury (n=29),and crush injury (n=33).In the surgery group,the e- mergent explorations were performed as soon as the refractory arterial crisis arose,If arterial spasm or/and thrombosis were found,the involved parts were resected before the artery ends were anastomosed or the finger artery was repaired by cubital vein graft.In the other group,conservative managements were carried out by using intramuscular injection of 30 mg Papaverine and intravenous injection of 20,000-unit Urokinase in 20 mL normal saline.If symptums were not alleviated after half an hour,the procedures were repeated.The conservative managements also included abirritative antipsychotics and analgesia of anodyne.Meanwhile,the survival state of all the digital replants was observed. Results In the surgery group,78 fingers survived,the surviving rate being 89.7%.In the conservative group,41 fingers survived with a surviving rate of 48.8%.The difference was statistically significant (P<0.01).No obvious complications happened in the two groups.Conclusion Since surgical exploration is crucial to management of refractory arterial crisis during the hypersensitive period after replantation of severed fingers,it should not be readily abandoned.


The electrochemical parameters and their distribution of oil film were surveyed directly and the corrosion conditions of metal under oil film was studied by measuring the potential and corrosion current of each wire using wire beam electrode. The results showed that there was corrosion cell beneath oil film where corrosion occurred locally, the metal in cathode area was protected and that in anode area was corroded.


We propose an image stretching method by fusing multi-transformed images. Instead of multiple exposed images for the HDR imaging, the proposed method generates differently stretched images from a single image and blends them to increase the perceptual dynamic range while skipping multiple image acquisition and avoiding the motion blur.


The classical Okamura–Seymour theorem states that for an edge-capacitated, multi-commodity flow instance in which all terminals lie on a single face of a planar graph, there exists a feasible concurrent flow if and only if the cut conditions are satisfied. Simple examples show that a similar theorem is impossible in the node-capacitated setting. Nevertheless, we prove that an approximate flow/cut theorem does hold: For some universal ε>0\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\varepsilon > 0$$\end{document}, if the node cut conditions are satisfied, then one can simultaneously route an ε\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\varepsilon $$\end{document}-fraction of all the demands. This answers a question of Chekuri and Kawarabayashi. More generally, we show that this holds in the setting of the multi-commodity polymatroid networks introduced by Chekuri et al. (ITCS, pp 399–408, 2012). In their framework, one associates to each node a submodular function on the adjacent edges that dictates the types of flows the node can support. In order to round the convex programs corresponding to node and polymatroid-capacitated flows, we devise a new type of random metric embedding that preserves some of the combinatorial structure of the underlying graph.


The differences between "Asian" and "Western" understandings of human security, the responsibility to protect, and the relationship between these concepts have led to radically different policy proposals for engaging "rogue" regimes. Essentially the "West" holds a narrow view of human security, but an interventionary interpretation of R2P, with the two being closely linked; whereas in Asia the linkage between the two is rejected, and a broad conceptualization of human security, along with a non-interventionary understanding of the R2P dominates. This paper first addresses evidence of competing epistemological frameworks upon policy-formation in Western and Asian champions of human security and the R2P. It then assesses the impact of these policy orientations in Myanmar (one of the most governance-challenged states in the world), followed by policy prescription for ongoing challenges in the country and wider region. The findings of this article are that the combination of Western interventionary pressures, with Asian non-judgmental engagement, creates the best conditions to facilitate governance transformation within a target state. Pressure from the West creates incentives not only for the target state to accept help, but also for Asian actors to offer it; while Asian offers of assistance are more readily accepted due to their anti-interventionary legacy.


A safety interlocking device for a switch includes a supporting member, an annular member, a locking lever, a limiting rod and a resilient member. A driving shaft of the switch is arranged through the supporting member and the annular member, the annular member rotates synchronously with the driving shaft, and the annular member is coupled to a wing block. The locking lever is hooked onto the safety device, the limiting rod is rotated when pushed by the safety device, and the rotation of the limiting rod rotates the locking lever. When the safety device is closed, the switch is turned on and the locking lever hooks onto the safety device so that the latter cannot be opened; and when the switch is turned off, the locking lever releases the safety device, while one end of the limiting rod limits the rotation of the annular member, thus limiting the switch's turn-on operation.


Workplace gender discrimination comes in many different forms, but generally it means that an employee or a job applicant is treated differently or less favorably because of their sex or gender. Although it is common discrimination against men in the workplace does happen. In the present study the investigator adopted the survey method. The accessible population for the present study consisted of male and female employees working in corporate sectors in and around Chennai. The investigator has used simple random sampling technique for selecting the sample from the population. The sample consists of 500 employees from IT companies, Electronics Hardware, Corporate hospitals, Private banking and Finance, and textiles. The investigator constructed a tool on "Employees knowledge on Gender Discrimination" which includes five dimensions namely mental health, job security, social class, glass ceiling and health care. The data was analyzed using t'- test.


We present RDIT, a novel dynamic algorithm to precisely detect data races in multi-threaded programs with incomplete trace information - the presence of missing events. RDIT enhances the Happens-Before algorithm by relaxing the need to collect the full execution trace, while still being precise and maximal i.e, it detects a maximal set of true data races while generating no false positives. Our approach is based on a sound BarrierPair model that abstracts away missing events by capturing the invocation data of their enclosing methods. By making the least conservative abstraction and by formulating maximal thread causality as logical constraints, we can detect a maximal set of true races from the information available.


In the context of the nondestructive testing and evaluation research community, global sensitivity analysis (GSA) methods are widespread tools for quantifying the sensitivity of measurements concerning the variation of inputs over the whole design space. For parameter ranking purposes, GSA methods have been historically preferred by NDT&E scholars compared to feature importance (FI) techniques such as random forest-based, SHAP values, among others. For practical applications, GSA and FI can face limitations when the number of evaluations of the physical model is very high. The main issues that one needs to face with GSA and FI in practical problems are the low computing time efficiency of the numerical solver and/or the high cardinality (i.e., the number of inputs) of the problem considered. This paper targets two main goals. First, we propose to tackle the problem of an efficient GSA and FI procedure relying on a tailored deep neural network to be employed as a metamodel (or surrogate model) to replace the less efficient numerical model. Second, we compare GSA (i.e., Sobol' indices and 𝛿-sensitivity measure) indices and FI (i.e., SHAP) method for parameter ranking purposes. In particular, we describe a generative deep neural network framework to be straightforwardly applied to GSA and FI studies. The numerical experiments in this communication correspond to an eddy current testing inspection problem where multiple arbitrarily oriented cracks lie in a conductive planar multilayered structure.


Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has not only brought into sharp focus the vital role of digital information and technologies in enabling the public to live their everyday lives, but also the risk of excluding those who most need support. Those most at risk from COVID-19 are also those most likely to be digitally excluded—in particular older people and those in communities experiencing social and economic deprivation. In the United Kingdom, community organizations, including libraries, are responding to this challenge through digital inclusion initiatives, including supply of digital devices, support in developing digital skills, and provision of reliable, trustworthy information.


Cysts of the mesentery are among surgical rarities and of varied aetiology with variable presentations and this has surgical implications in the pediatric age group .[1,2,35,6,7,]  They may be derived from the gastrointestinaltract, the genitourinary system, previous inflammation (pseudocysts) or malignant cystic tumours, but the commonest cause is generally considered to be a congenital lymphatic cyst. [1,4,6,7,8,] The clinical presentation is not characteristic and in addition, the preoperative imaging although suggestive is not diagnostic. In mostcases, the diagnosis is confirmed after surgical exploration and removal of the cyst .[1,2,3,4,]  A case report of a baby aged 1 day is being reported


A recent front-page article in the Wall Street Journal documented an increasing tendency among economists to move away from theories of efficient stock market valuation in favor of "behavioral" models that emphasize the role of irrational investors (see Hilsenrath 2004). The long-run rate of return on stocks is ultimately determined by the stream of corporate earnings distributions (cash flows) that accrue to shareholders. In assigning prices to stocks, efficient valuation theory says that rational investors should discount real cash flows using real interest rates or discount nominal cash flows using nominal interest rates. Twenty-five years ago, Modigliani and Cohn (1979) put forth the hypothesis that investors may irrationally discount real cash flows using nominal interest rates - a behavioral trait that would lead to inflation-induced valuation errors. This Economic Letter examines some recent research that finds support for the Modigliani-Cohn hypothesis. In particular, studies show that the Standard & Poor's (S&P) 500 stock index tends to be undervalued during periods of high expected inflation (such as the late 1970s and early 1980s) and overvalued during periods of low expected inflation (such as the late 1990s and early 2000s). This result implies that the long bull market that began in 1982 can be partially attributed to the stock market's shift from a state of undervaluation to one of overvaluation. Going forward, the return on stocks could be influenced by a shift in the opposite direction.


Drawing on expectancy violation theory, we explore the effects of anticipatory impression management in the context of acquisitions. We introduce impression offsetting, an anticipatory impression m...


The cucurbitacins are triterpenic plant principles with varied pharmacological activities, found in several botanical families. This review includes the structures described in the literature, the plant‐containing cucurbitacins and their main pharmacological effects.


The purpose of these studies is to study the change in seasonal dynamics in nematodes of the family Trichostrongylidae Leiper, 1908 found in ruminants of Uzbekistan. The material was collected from small cattle in slaughterhouses in the Tashkent, Syrdarya, Andijan, Fergana, Kashkadarya, Surkhandarya, Navoi, Bukhara and Samarkand regions. Our studies showed that nematodes of the family Trichostrongylidae varied significantly in frequency of occurrence in small cattle in different regions and seasons of the year. The highest trichostrongyle infection in animals was observed in the Bukhara region (39.7%) and the lowest in the Andijan region (13.7%). The most favorable time for the development and reproduction of trichostrongyles is in spring and autumn when the trichostrongyle infection rate in ruminants averaged 8.3–55.3%, and the intensity of infection was 1–121 specimens. In the desert zone, the average annual prevalence in domestic ruminants is 43.5%, the intensity of infection is 1–279, in the adyr belts the average annual prevalence is 34.6% and the intensity of infection is 3–131 specimens, in the foothills the average annual prevalence is 34% and the intensity of infection is 2–193 specimens, in mountainous areas the average annual prevalence is 31.4% and the intensity of infection is 1–279 specimens.


In this paper we provide new necessary conditions of optimality for optimal impulsive control problems in the form of a generalized maximum principle. We allow for nonlinear dynamics, states constraints and interaction between impulsive controls and state trajectories.


PURPOSE
The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of two different glass ionomer cements using the Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART) technique in permanent teeth.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
A total of 473 ART restorations were placed in 208 schoolchildren (7-12 years of age) by two previously trained operators, using high density and resin-modified glass ionomer cements. All the restorations were photographed at baseline and the patients were asked about postoperative sensitivity. After a period of 8 months, 193 patients were present after recall and 428 restorations were evaluated and photographed. Two independent examiners carried out the evaluation.

RESULTS
The results showed a success rate of 86.2% for occlusal restorations with Fuji IX and 88.4% for those restored with Fuji Plus. A total of 86.7% of the approximal restorations with Fuji Plus were also judged to be successful after 8 months. No association was found between the materials and the clinical performance of the ART restorations in class I cavities.

CONCLUSION
The type of restorative material did not influence the success or failure rates in class I cavities within this period. Fuji IX showed promising performance for occlusal ART restorations and Fuji Plus is also a promising material for occlusal and approximal ART restorations.


Let (C,W) be the d-dimensional Wiener space; C is the space of Revalued continuous functions on [0, oo) starting at 0, and W is the Wiener measure on C. For w e C, w(t) = (w(t),...,w(t)) E K denotes its position at t. Take Vb, Vu..., Vd G C?(ΈL\ΈL) (= the space of Revalued C°°-functions on K which and whose derivatives of all orders are bounded), and consider a stochastic differential equation (SDE in abbreviation) on R ^ ;


The performance of Russian Agricultural Sector under international economic restrictions is a matter of concern. In this article we analyse the impact of international economic restrictions and macroeconomic factors on the output of Russian agricultural sector. We employed ARIMAX model with the time period from 1991 to 2017, using nine economic factors as covariates and agricultural value added as a dependent variable. It was found that despite on negative impact of sanctions on special aspects of Russian economy, international economic restrictions of 2014 at the end of 2017 had a significant and positive effect on the output of Russian agricultural sector.


Attempts were made to produce antisera to solubilized tissue fractions rich in basement membranes and reticulin. Murine tissue fractions solubilized with sodium hydroxide elicited precipitating antibodies upon injection into rabbits. Although no nephrotoxic effect was observed upon injecting the rabbit antisera into mice, the antisera were fixed to the glomerular basement membrane, and not elsewhere, within 5 minutes of injection and remained fixed for at least 3 weeks.

Specificity studies suggested that in addition to unique antigens, reticulin and epithelial basement membranes share a common antigen which is responsible for the similar in vitro immunofluorescence produced by antisera to tissue fractions rich in one or the other of these components.


As a product of special historical period,the key school system played an important role in promoting the improvement of school conditions,improving the quality of education and training elites.But in the background of today′s popular education the existence of such a system has ruined the fair of education,hindering the normal flow of social class,which is at the cost of most people′s interests.The elimination of the key school system is necessary measure to ensure development of school education and education equity.


e13041Background: LCIS is associated with a 1% annual risk of developing invasive breast cancer, twice that of the general population. Endocrine therapy for chemoprevention has been shown to decrease this risk by 56% in women with LCIS. Barriers include failure to offer endocrine therapy and failure to tolerate it. This study examined a population of women with LCIS and their experience with endocrine therapy for breast cancer risk reduction. Methods: 337 patients with LCIS from 2010-2015 at the GHS were retrospectively identified through electronic health record review. Median age was 55.5 years; 303 underwent breast-conserving surgery and 34 mastectomy. Chart review assessed the documented recommendations for endocrine therapy, duration of adherence, and presence of side effects. Results: Endocrine therapy was prescribed in 155 (46%), refused in 33 (10%), and not recommended in 120 (36%). Of the 146 women who were started on endocrine therapy for risk reduction and followed for six months, 75% adhered t...


As business gets more complex, managers have responded by making business processes more and more complicated. This approach is wrong-headed.


Recent advances in studies of the reciprocal interactions between honeybees and their combs are reviewed. Wax secretion is age-related, varies with season, is unaffected by the queen, juvenile hormone or the corpora allata but is enhanced in swarming. Comb building is enhanced by the queen. Nest structure can be explained as a self-organization process as can the patterns of brood, honey and pollen. The comb and its contents provide gross information to the colony as to crowding and space which affect brood rearing, energy consumption and comb building. Significant chemical and physical changes occur in the wax during comb building and during its subsequent use. Comb mediates pheromonal cues for cell capping, repairs and queen cell construction, nectar forage, colony defense and colony odor. Mechanically, the combs transmit vibrational signals in the waggle dance and recruitment of new foragers.


Abstract Over the past 15 years, Ohio's juvenile justice system has undergone important reforms that have led to a significant decline in the number of youthful offenders committed to state correctional facilities. As such, the purpose of this paper is to describe five unique innovations carried out across the state that have led to the downsizing of juvenile confinement in Ohio. These innovations include (1) the creation of Community Corrections Facilities; (2) RECLAIM Ohio; (3) the Ohio Youth Assessment System; (4) Targeted RECLAIM; and (5) the Behavioral Health/Juvenile Justice Initiative. Lessons learned from these efforts will be identified and discussed.


Helioseismic inferences have demonstrated very clearly the importance of including element diffusion and settling in solar modelling: models incorporating these processes are in substantially better agreement with the inferred solar sound speed than are models that neglect them. The remaining discrepancy between the models and the Sun has been taken as evidence for mixing in the region just beneath the convection zone. However, rather more serious discrepancies have resulted from a revision of solar abundances, and no obvious solution to this problem has been found so far. This perhaps demonstrates the danger of complacency when dealing with so complex a thing as a star. Hydrodynamical instabilities are likely to play a more important role than acknowledged in standard stellar modelling. An interesting example, if not relevant to modelling up to the present solar age, is the possible onset of semiconvective instability just beneath the convection zone, as first emphasized by Bahcall et al. (2001).


In the paper assembly line balancing problem in two –sided structure with cost oriented will be discussed. Very often the assembly line balancing problem leads to minimizing the number of stations what is connected with reducing the idle times. This approach is well-known and represents time-oriented approach. In this approach authors consider only the number of stations and prove the idea less workstation less costs. But in some investigations authors take into account costs of transport in assembly lines, operators salary and costs of tools, machines or robots the goal of such approach is to obtain the a)


Midostaurin (MDS) is used for treatment of acute myeloid leukemia, myelodysplastic syndrome and advanced systemic mastocytosis. Sample of MDS softgel capsules were subjected to stress testing as per ICH guidelines for the impurity profiling study. MDS had undergone extensively degradation under the stress-testing (acid, alkaline, oxidative, photolytic, thermolytic and hydrolysis conditions) and formed four degradation products (DPs). MDS and its DPs were separated well from each other with good resolution using the reserved-phase high performance liquid chromatography using Inertsil ODS-3V, 250×4.6-mm, 5-μm column and mobile phase of ammonium formate (40mM) and acetonitrile. Stability-indicating characteristic of newly developed method was proven for estimation of MDS assay and its organic impurities free from interference. The validated method showed excellent linearity, accuracy, precision, specificity, detection limit and quantitation limit within 25min run time. Stress testing, robustness and solution stability were performed to ensure the continuous performance of the developed method. The peak fractions of DPs formed under stress testing were isolated and characterized using LC-MS, 1 H and 13 C NMR, IR and UV-Vis. The structure of major DP was predicted as DP1 based on the spectral data. The proposed method is effectively used for MDS in bulk drug and finished formulations in pharmaceutical industry.


This chapter describes the construction of graphs and nomograms for the selection of suitable welding procedures for different steel-types. It describes the principles involved in using welding diagrams to derive welding procedures for the avoidance of HAZ cracking. The prediction method for low hardenability steels aims to avoid hard HAZ microstructures. This is achieved by selecting welding conditions that provide a sufficiently slow weld cooling rate. The cooling rate that is necessary depends on the composition of the steel and the amount of hydrogen introduced into the HAZ from the weld metal.


The stacked spectral energy distribution (SED) 24 μm Lyman break galaxies (MIPS-LBGs) detected by the Multiband Imaging Photometer for Spitzer (MIPS) is fitted by means of the spectrophotometric model GRASIL with an "educated" fitting approach which benefits from the results of chemical evolution models. The star formation rate–age–metallicity degeneracies of SED modeling are broken by using star formation history (SFH) and chemical enrichment history suggested by chemical models. The dust mass, dust abundance, and chemical pattern of elements locked in the dust component are also directly provided by chemical models. Using our new "fitting" approach, we derive the total mass Mtot, stellar mass M*, gas mass Mg, dust mass Md, age, and star formation rate (SFR) of the stacked MIPS-LBG in a self-consistent way. Our estimate of M* = 8 × 1010 of the stacked MIPS-LBG agrees with other works based on UV–optical SED fitting. We suggest that the MIPS-LBGs at z ∼ 3 are young (0.3–0.6 Gyr), massive (Mtot ∼ 1011 M☉), dusty (Md ∼ 108 M☉), and metal-rich (Z ∼ Z☉) progenitors of elliptical galaxies undergoing a strong burst of star formation (SFR ∼ 200 M☉ yr−1). Our estimate of Md = 7 × 107 M☉ of the stacked MIPS-LBG is about a factor of eight lower than the estimated value based on single temperature graybody fitting, suggesting that self-consistent SED models are needed to estimate dust mass. By comparing with Milky Way molecular cloud and dust properties, we suggest that denser and dustier environments and flatter dust size distribution are likely in high-redshift massive star-forming galaxies. These dust properties, as well as the different types of SFHs, can cause different SED shapes between high-redshift star-forming ellipticals and local starburst templates. This discrepancy of SED shapes could in turn explain the non-detection at submillimeter wavelengths of IR luminous (LIR⪰1012 L☉) MIPS-LBGs.


Formula composition, wherein the symbols R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, NXEY IN THE MEANING DESCRIPTION QUOTED ARE USED AS A REMEDY FOR MAY oncological and dermatological indications.


From the Publisher:
Many books address desktop development with Access 2002. Few Access books handle client/server and other enterprise issues. This book picks up where Alison Balter's Mastering Access 2002 Desktop Development leaves off. In this book, you'll learn Access's role in the client/server model. This book covers both how you create client/server applications in Microsoft Access and how you set up and manage the SQL Server whose data your application utilizes. In addition to the client/server topics covered, you will also learn how Access and SQL Server can participate in intranet and Internet applications. You'll learn not only how to publish Access and SQL Server data to the Web, but also how to build data access pages (Access forms viewed in a browser). Finally, you'll learn how Access and SQL Server participate in the exciting world of XML.


Fifteen imidazolidine nitroxide radicals were synthesised, and their stabilities against ascorbate were investigated. Among them, it was found that radicals bearing OH groups exhibited improved stabilities. In addition, density functional theory calculations, evaluation method of steric shielding effect around nitroxide radical reaction center based on molecular volume within a virtual ball, multiple regression analysis showed that the half-lives of these radicals were influenced both by steric effects and by the charge on the ring nitrogen atom.


This chapter addresses the more narrow question of whether Francis of Assisi was - or was not - a deacon, a member of the clerical hierarchy, as the early hagiographical sources would seem to claim he was. There are three primary testimonies that Francis was a deacon. The first and most important source is the famous narrative found in the Vita prima of Thomas of Celano. If one would wish to read this account differently and thereby put into doubt this traditional if seemingly enigmatic assertion, two items from the Celanese account would need further exploration: (1) Celano's choice and use of the Latin term levita ; and (2) the connection between the assertion that Francis was a Levite and his proclamation of the Gospel. The chapter examines the first issue. The second issue may well be the strongest argument for the claims in favor of the diaconate of Francis. Keywords: early hagiographical sources; Francis of Assisi; Gospel; levita ; Thomas of Celano


With the large-scale development of city underground space, all kinds of unexpected events in underground space have broken out in a rising trend. By analyzing the disaster-causing mechanism of city underground space emergencies, the vulnerability of city underground space and the early warning management mechanism of city underground space emergencies, this paper establish a risk management system of city underground space based on emergency to realize the harmonious development of city underground space.


Dopamine (DA) replacement therapy with L‐DOPA continues to be the primary treatment of Parkinson's disease; however, long‐term therapy is accompanied by L‐DOPA‐induced dyskinesias (LID). Several experimental and clinical studies have established that Propranolol, a β‐adrenergic receptor antagonist, reduces LID without affecting L‐DOPA's efficacy. However, the exact mechanisms underlying these effects remain to be elucidated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti‐dyskinetic profile of Propranolol against a panel of DA replacement strategies, as well as elucidate the underlying neurochemical mechanisms. Results indicated that Propranolol, in a dose‐dependent manner, reduced LID, without affecting motor performance. Propranolol failed to alter dyskinesia produced by the D1 receptor agonist, SKF81297 (0.08 mg/kg, sc), or the D2 receptor agonist, Quinpirole (0.05 mg/kg, sc). These findings suggested a pre‐synaptic mechanism for Propranolol's anti‐dyskinetic effects, possibly through modulating L‐DOPA‐mediated DA efflux. To evaluate this possibility, microdialysis studies were carried out in the DA‐lesioned striatum of dyskinetic rats and results indicated that co‐administration of Propranolol (20 mg/kg, ip) was able to attenuate L‐DOPA‐ (6 mg/kg, sc) induced DA efflux. Therefore, Propranolol's anti‐dyskinetic properties appear to be mediated via attenuation of L‐DOPA‐induced extraphysiological efflux of DA. We investigated the ability of the beta‐adrenergic receptor (βAR) antagonist Propranolol to reduce drug‐induced dyskinesia in hemi‐parkinsonian rats. Dyskinesia induced by L‐3,4‐dihydroxyphenylalanine (L‐DOPA), but not D1 or D2 agonists was reduced by Propranolol. In vivo striatal microdialysis revealed that Propranolol's anti‐dyskinetic effects were related to an attenuation of L‐DOPA‐induced dopamine (DA) efflux. These findings show that pre‐synaptic βAR mediate L‐DOPA‐induced dyskinesia (LID) and highlight Propranolol's therapeutic potential.


Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. Vitamin D is important for bones and for other body functions. Whether insufficient vitamin D causes CVD is unclear. Previous trials of vitamin D were unable to evaluate effects on CVD.

This thesis will (i) review the literature on vitamin D and CVD; (ii) evaluate the observational associations between plasma 25(OH)D levels and CVD; and (iii) describe the design and results of the BEST-D trial.

(i) Associations between baseline 25(OH)D levels and cause-specific mortality were evaluated in the Whitehall Resurvey of survivors undertaken in 1995, and findings included in a meta-analysis of similar studies. (ii) The BEST-D study was a randomised trial in older healthy volunteers of the effects of two doses of vitamin D3 (4000 IU or 2000 IU daily) compared to placebo, on blood 25(OH)D concentrations and CVD risk factors including blood pressure and arterial stiffness.

(i) The Whitehall Resurvey of 5409 men with mean age of 77 years, among whom there were 3215 deaths showed an approximately linear (log-log scale) inverse association of plasma 25(OH)D concentrations and both CVD and non-vascular causes of death between 30 to 90 nmol/L. The meta-analysis confirmed the associations of 25(OH)D with CVD mortality. (ii) The BEST-D trial showed marked increases in 25(OH)D blood concentrations but no effects of taking higher doses of vitamin D3 for 12 months on blood pressure or arterial stiffness, compared to placebo.

Plasma 25(OH)D is inversely associated with both CVD and non-vascular mortality. No effects were found after oral intake of vitamin D3 on blood pressure or arterial stiffness after 1 year. Randomised trials using adequate doses of vitamin D3 are needed, to evaluate causal effects of taking vitamin D on CVD outcomes.


The utility model relates to a cutting machine technology, in particular to a plastic pipe chipless cutting machine used for the on-line cutting of products in a productive process in various plastic pipe production lines. The plastic pipe chipless cutting machine comprises a cutting machine body, a cutting trolley installed in the interior of the cutting machine body, and a resetting mechanism, and is characterized in that the resetting mechanism is fixed in the interior of the cutting machine body and connected with the cutting trolley through a cylinder body with power; the cutting trolley comprises an electric motor and a baseboard base frame, and a hollow main shaft is arranged on the baseboard base frame; a cutting tool and a limit support roller are arranged on two sides of the front end of the main shaft, a driven wheel is installed on the tail end of the main shaft, and a feed cylinder is arranged on two sides of the tail end of the main shaft; and a fixture body is arranged at the axial position of the main shaft. The plastic pipe to be process is positioned and clamped through the fixture body, and the cutting tool and the limit support roller are driven by the rotating main shaft to cut under the push of the feed cylinder.


Objectives-To review theeffect ofspecific types ofalcoholic drink oncoronary risk. Design-Systematic review ofecological, casecontrol, andcohort studies inwhich specific associations wereavailable forconsumption ofbeer, wine, andspirits andrisk ofcoronary heart disease. Subjects-12 ecological, threecase-control, and 10separate prospective cohort studies. Mainoutcomemeasures-Alcohol consumption andrelative riskofmorbidity andmortality from coronary heart disease. Results-Most ecological studies suggested that winewasmoreeffective inreducing risk ofmortality fromheartdisease thanbeerorspirits. Taken together, thethreecase-control studies didnot suggest thatonetypeofdrinkwasmorecardioprotective thantheothers. Ofthe10prospective cohort studies, fourfounda significant inverse association betweenriskofheartdisease and moderate winedrinking, fourfound suchanassociation forbeer, andfour forspirits. Conclusions-Results fromobservational studies, wherealcohol consumption canbelinked directly to an individual's riskofcoronary heartdisease, provide strong evidence that allalcoholic drinks are linked withlower risk. Thus, asubstantial portion of thebenefit isfromalcohol rather thanother components ofeachtypeofdrink.


Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease caused by heredity,circumstance and other factors,which onsets occult and leads to complications easily.Many of its risk factors are controllable,and can be intervened by health education,behavior transformation and so on.In these ways we can decrease the incidence of type 2 diabetes and its complications,and improve the prognosis of people with diabetes.


To evaluate and classify phenological and morphological traits of 64 Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes, a tripple latice experiment was conducted in the research farm of Shahrekord University in 2003. Each plot consisted 5 rows, 3 m length with row spacing of 30 cm and within row spacing of 12.5 cm. 24 seeds were seeded in each row. Fertilizer applications, weed control and other agricultural practices were done uniformly for all plots. Observations on 14 characters were recorded on 10 randomly selected plants of each plot. Factor analysis based on principal component method revealed five important factor which accounted for 78% of the total variation. The eigenvalues of these five factors were 4.62, 2.52, 1.42, 1.27 and 1.2, respectively. The first factor which accounted for 33% of the variation, was related with 100 seed weight, seed length, seed width and seed thickness average. This factor was regarded as seed characteristics factor. All variable in factor 1, had positive loadings.The second factor, which accounted for 18% of the variation was associated positively with days to flowering, days to pod formation, days to maturity and plant hieght.This factor is named phenological factor. In the third factor which accounted for 10% of the variation, the number of primary branches, longest pod length and seed length had high positive value of loadings. This factor is named morphological factor. Factor 4, which accounts for about 9% of the variation related with the (number of seeds)/(longest pod) and (mean number of seeds)/pod. This factor is named fertility factor. Ultimatly, the fifth factor which is named yield factor accounts for about 8% of the variation. The variables, (number of pods)/plant and seed yield, had high positive value of loadings in this factor.


Three-dimensional stress fields of the impact test sample with standard notch were studied,the stress status in the middle plane and the stress concentration factor were analyzed,and the process of impact was dynamically displayed in this article by means of the ANSYS finite element analysis software.The results indicated that,the stress status in the middle plane of the impact test sample with standard notch was analogical and the maximally equivalent Von Mises stress(SEQV) appeared at notch root,the stress concentration factor of standard notch K_t was the function of time,and the time responding to rupture at notch root varied with notch type.


Indirect hemagglutination test(IHA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) were applied to detect the antibody of classical swine fever.The results were considered to be positive when the antibody titers were≥1∶16 by IHA tests or the block rates were≥40% by ELISA.Synchronous detection of serums were carried out among 122 large-scale pig farms at different stages with IHA and ELISA,the results of ELISA detection showed lower positive rate than that of IHA detection.The correlation was only 75.4%(92 corresponding negative and positive sera) between the two methods by correlation test.The antibody level was not correlation between IHA and ELISA by correlation test,P value by chi-square test was 0.13(0.05),the two detection methods had no statistical differences.The results provide a reference for the selection of classical swine fever virus antibody detection methods.


Monitoring the Air-Sea pCO2 variability in the coastal areas is a priority
 due to the effect of the biological and biogeochemistry process on this process. The
 Northwestern Mediterranean Sea is an oligotrophic area in a semi-closed basin,
 therefore the changes on the surface waters properties take place faster than in
 other seas. This work focuses in the establishment of a pCO2 monitor system and
 other related sensors at the OBSEA surface buoy.


This paper reports on a practical coding scheme for the Wyner-Ziv problem using scalar quantization followed by parallel concatenation of latin square based encoders and an iterative turbo decoder. The proposed scheme operates as close as 2.9 dB from the Wyner-Ziv rate-distortion curve.


The original reason for having endpapers in books was purely practical, one of the technical requirements of the binding process. From the 1960s, however, graphic designers working on picturebooks played a decisive role in changing this function when they began to use endpapers for communicative purposes. Picturebooks are conceived as the product of an overall design in which each part of the book serves the story. The endpapers, which are found in a privileged position at the very beginning and at the end of the book, have come to be seen by many authors and publishers as an ideal place for these communicative purposes. This article presents a typology of endpapers based on how they relate to the story and the form in which they appear. Our aim is for researchers, specialists, and readers to stop thinking of the picturebook simply as an illustrated book and to pay more attention to all of its separate parts, any of which may contain valuable information for interpreting the story.


Accumulating evidences indicate that acetate is increased in energy stresses such as diabetes mellitus and prolonged starvation. However, it is largely unknown how and where acetate is produced and what is its biological significance. We observed overproduction of acetate in an amount comparable to ketone bodies in patients and mice with diabetes or starvation. Mechanistically, ACOT 12&8 are dramatically upregulated in liver to convert FFA-derived acetyl-CoA to acetate and CoA. This conversion not only provides large amount of acetate which fuels brain preferentially rather than muscle, but also recycles CoA which is required for sustained fatty acid oxidation and ketogenesis. Taken together, we suggest that acetate is an emerging novel "ketone body" and may be used as a parameter to evaluate the progression of energy stress in the future.


SUMMARY:

 Following their emergence in the 16th century, the kupecheskie prikazchiki (merchants' sales assistants and managers) occupied a specific social niche: while preserving ties with different communities, the prikazchiki acquired autonomy and mobility uncharacteristic of the peasants and the posadskie (townsfolk). From the 18th to the early 20th century, the prikazchiki (and later, clerks in retail and industry) repeatedly became objects for various modernizing programs by state and private social engineers. Thus they went all the way from being an estate to a tax category to a class. The artistic intelligentsia included the prikazchiki into the context of Russian "culture" by turning them into a literary metaphor. At the same time, from the second half of the 19th century the prikazchiki milieu began to generate its own influential and efficient languages of self-description.

 The article selectively analyzes four semantic layers of the terms kupecheskii prikazchik and torgovo-promyshlennyi sluzhashchii (trade and industry employees) from the late 18th to the early 20th century. These layers are contextualized in the chronological and socio-cultural spaces and are tentatively termed "archaic," "modernizing," "self-descriptive," and "politicizing." The author explores the relevance of the two terms for the history of social culture in late-imperial Russia and demonstrates the dynamic connection between categories of the languages of self-description, semantic and reference fields with specific processes, structures, and practices of the diverse social and cultural space of empire.

 Who identified themselves or others as prikazchiki or torgovopromyshlennye sluzhashchie, and when, and which meaning was attached to these terms by the "speaking" groups and actors? These questions are central to the article as a whole, while its methodology is based on the concept of Begriffsgeschichte. This concept is not limited by the author to textual forms of speech of enunciating groups and actors but is broadened to include various manifest forms of "language" of group socio-cultural practices and gestures.


We obtain the canonical expansion of arbitrary infinitesimal affine transformation of a tangent bundle of second order above a differential manifold with connection of the horizontal lift. Also we obtain the necessary and sufficient conditions, under which a vector field is an infinitesimal affine transformation.


Amends the Controlled Substances Act to make the theft or attempted theft of a controlled substance a Federal offense punishable by a $5,000 fine and/or imprisonment for not more than 20 years. Stipulates that persons who attempt to steal narcotics from a pharmacy by armed robbery shall be punished by imprisonment for not less than two years or more than 25 years and/or may be fined up to $10,000. Imposes a mandatory sentence of ten years to life for killing a person in an attempt to rob a pharmacy of narcotics.


the libraries in which editions of Huberinus and Rhegius are found, Franz has provided a genealogy of the printed texts together with a record of the places of publications. An index of Biblical quotations occurring in the two authors and thirty-nine well-chosen pictures of Huberinus and Rhegius as well as of representative title pages conclude the impressive volume. There are a number of misprints.


At the present moment of COVID-19 development, we may propose some preliminary thoughts on its direct and distant sequels. In our review we suggest that the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus, as well as other members of the Coronaviridae family, may possess neurotropic and neuroinvasive features; they may enter the nervous system via the intranasal way and directly infect the human brain, causing lesions in the brainstem nuclei of the cardiorespiratory center. We assume that such a lesion may worsen the respiratory distress and lead to the respiratory failure in some patients. Taking this into consideration, immunomodulating and antiviral drugs that utilize the intranasal way of delivery may help in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 in those contacting with COVID-19-infected patients. All these proposals are preliminary and need an in-depth investigation involving randomized experimental, clinical and pathomorphological studies.


IN a paper dealing with the application of Mendel's Laws to wheatbreeding, I described a series of experiments which led me to conclude that immunity and susceptibility to the attacks of yellow rust form a pair of " characters " in the Mendelian sense of the word. The data were obtained from a single experiment, yet I felt that the only course open to me was to publish them at once, leaving the discussion of the problems this conception opens up until further evidence was available. One of the objects I had in view in planning this particular part of the work was to determine whether there was any real hope of obtaining satisfactory rust-resistant wheats. From the breeder's point of view it appeared to me that if the mycoplasm hypothesis is true, i.e. if the young plant actually inherits the rust itself from its parent, this is not a promising line of research. Setting aside, therefore, for the time being any other views as to what constitutes immunity, I examined my results in the light of the mycoplasm hypothesis. As I pointed out, this failed to account for the fact that an immune wheat when crossed by a susceptible one gave rise to a susceptible progeny, though it was sufficient to explain the susceptibility of the hybrid obtained as the result of the reciprocal cross. I further speculated on the possibility of the generative nuclei bearing the hypothetical mycoplasm. Butler, in a recent paper, criticises my conclusions, and considers that they have no bearing on the mycoplasm hypothesis. The following excerpts from Eriksson's latest publication on the subject of the mycoplasm hypothesis will, I think, save me from the necessity of discussing Butler's arguments in detail, and show that my criticism was not altogether irrelevant: " Wie die Sache jetzt liegt, scheint es mir gar nicht unmoglich oder unsinnig zu sein an eine


Public service and public interest are familiar phrases to those who follow U.S. broadcasting policy, yet clear and useful definitions of these terms have proven elusive over time. In the early 1900s, America s educational broadcasters built their definition of service on the foundation of comprehensive, pluralistic programming. .