Abstract Objective. The aim of this study was to examine the hypothesis that patients with non-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) have statistically significant subnormal creatinine levels and that the creatinine levels are associated with severity of disease. Materials and methods. This was a retrospective observational study over 2 years (2005–2006) in which the SAH patients were divided into patients with severe symptoms and patients with mild/moderate symptoms, and were compared to patients with; traumatic brain injury, trauma without brain injury and patients undergoing elective knee surgery. Blood creatinine levels (day 1–3, and day 7) were recorded. Results. Compared to a normal distribution, SAH patients had statistically significant subnormal creatinine levels day one through seven. SAH patients with severe symptoms had statistically significant subnormal creatinine levels already on day one, in contrast to patients with mild/moderate symptoms. Women with severe symptoms had statistically significant subnormal creatinine levels throughout the study period in contrast to men with severe symptoms who had a normal distribution of creatinine at admission. Women with mild/moderate symptoms had a normal distribution of creatinine only at admission in contrast to men who had a normal distribution of creatinine throughout the study period. Male patients with traumatic brain injury, all trauma patients without brain injury and all patients undergoing elective knee surgery had a normal distribution of creatinine on all studied days. Conclusions. SAH is associated with subnormal serum creatinine levels. This finding is more pronounced in patients with severe symptoms and in women.


Background and Goal of Study: Several studies showed an improvement of postoperative analgesia with epidural s-ketamine compared to i.v. s-ketamine [1,2]. The aim of this prospective randomized, double blinded and placebo-con- trolled study was to investigate the mechanism of action of epidurally administered s-ketamine. Materials and Methods: After approval by the local ethics committee and informed written consent, 75 patients (ASA Our data show a comparable analgesic effect of s-ketamine independent of the route of application in patients undergoing knee-arthroplasty. The analysis of plasma concentrations of s-ketamine suggests a systemic mechanism of action for both, epidural and subcutaneous application. Therefore, a regional effect of s-ketamine on the spinal cord seems to be unlikely. Background and Goal of Study: The transition from remifentanil intraoperative anesthesia to postoperative analgesia must be planned carefully due to the short duration of action (3-10 min) of remifentanil hydrochloride, a potent, esterase- metabolized mu-opioid agonist. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of perioperative administration of two doses of morphine and two types of regional techniques for postoperative analgesia after remifentanil-based anesthesia. Materials and Methods: The prospective, randomized study included 30 patients. All patients were scheduled for abdominal colorectal surgery lasting more than 2 h. Morphine in the dose of 0. 2mg with 2, 8 ml 0, 25% bupivacaine applied intrathecally (spinal group, n=15 patients) and 4 mg of morphine with 10 ml 0, 25% bupivacaine applied epidurally (epidural group, n=15 patients) were administered 10 min before induction of anesthesia. General anesthesia used remifentanil as the perioperative opioid (1 microg/kg as a bolus then, 0.5 microg/kg as a continuous infusion). In the post anesthesia care unit, pain Background Goal of Study: Pregabalin, was shown to be effective in neuropathic pain and postoperative pain although. We aimed to investigate effects of pregabalin in a dose dependent manner and placebo controlled in acute postoperative pain therapy and side effects. yr) for laparoscopic


Objective To investigate the development regularity of rat C6 brain glioma and to initially study the feasibility of MR perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI) in the tumor. Methods C6 cells were inoculated into the right caudate nucleus of 13 rats by stereotactic procedure to establish animal model. In group one, the tumor development of 8 rats was dynamically observed by enhanced MR scanning. In group two, MR PWI was performed in 5 rats 17 d after procedure. According to time-signal curve of PWI, rCBV and SRRmax were computed. Results The surviving time of rats were 23.50?.93 d in group one. With increasing of tumor age, the maximum diameter of tumor enlarged in a linear manner, while the volume of tumor enlarged in an exponential manner. In the dying time, the maximum diameter was 9.1 9?.36 mm and the volume was 515.66?303.33 mm3. MR PWI was successfully performed in all rats of group two. The rCBV of tumor and normal brain were 179.04+ 46.02 and 87.04?3.00, While the SRRmax were 39.91 %?.80 % and 24.11 %?.36 %. There was significant difference between tumor and normal brain (P 0.01). Conclusion The development of rat C6 brain glioma has its regularity, which can be used in MR PWI research.


In the last few years, there has been a minor explosion of Indian cinema-related events in Australia. How may we read this contemporary presence of Bollywood in Australia as a neoliberal archive of Australia's multicultural present? How is Bollywood part of an affective biopolitics generated in the main by members of the South Asian diaspora? How does this recent interface between multiculturalism, neoliberalism and Bollywood mark becoming Indian in Australia? This becoming Indian in Australia is fraught as the distinctions of the lived memories of the Indian diaspora in Australia compete with unlived memories of belonging, generated in effect by state forms of branding Australia and Indians in Australia. Drawing on the concept of Bollywood as an assemblage, this paper seeks to address these questions in a critical manner.


Acknowledgements Glossary List of abbreviations 1. Introduction 2. Congress and the Hindu nation: symbols, rhetoric and action 3. Muslims, mass movements and untouchable uplift 4. The Aryan Congress: history, youth and the 'Hindu Race' 5. Congress radicals and Hindu militancy 6. Congress 'Raj', riots and Muslim mass contacts 7. Congress, Pakistan and volunteer militarism Conclusion Bibliography Index.


Meric A ALTINOZ, Molecular Biology and Genetics, Halic University, Istanbul Gunnur DENIZ, Immunology, DETAE, Experimental Medicine Research Institute, Istanbul University, Istanbul Adnan AYDINER, Oncology Institute, Istanbul University, Istanbul Bahri INCE, Psychiatry, Urfa Training and Research Hospital, Urfa Ayhan BILIR, Histology and Embryology, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul Adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) is a demyelinating disease, which is proposed to occur due to accumulation of very long chain fatty acids (VLCF); since the ALD gene involves in beta-oxidation of VLCF. Erucic acid (EA) treatment is suggested to work via reducing the VLCF accumulation. Nonetheless, there are paradoxical issues in this explanation. Not every ALD-gene mutant human develops the disease and EA is an inhibitor of beta-oxidation. EA binds to PPAR-delta, which involves in oligodendroglial activation, differentiation and myelin synthesis. PG-I2 derivative beraprost-induced blockage of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, PPAR-delta agonist GW0742-induced vasorelaxation and protection of myocardium against reperfusion injury involves PPAR-delta-mediated iNOS induction. Nitric oxide (NO) was proposed as a pro-inflammatory molecule in MS, however iNOS knockout mice show exacerbated EAE activity, thus NO plays a pivotal protective role in MS. Moreover, both PPAR-delta and NO signal in mitochondrial proliferation, which is impaired in MS. The brain monoenoic fatty acid profile is formed by n-9 and n-7 fatty acids. During brain development n-9 fatty acid levels correlate with increasing brain weights. These fatty acids may involve in cell-cell contacts rather than cell-proliferation, since their uptake occurs in late stages of development. In breast cancer, n-9 eicosatrienoic acid enhances cell-junction proteins with concomitant growth decrease. EA, an n-9 fatty acid, is found at highest levels among Chinese women's milk; and interestingly Chinese infants develop significantly less glial brain tumors. Here we propose that EA benefits occur via PPAR-delta's anti-inflammatory and myelination-inducing activities, which will be also beneficial for differentiation treatment of gliomas. Supporting our hypothesis, EA induced myelination figures, growth arrest, iNOS and eNOS in oligodendroglial-biprogenitor characteristics-bearing C6 glioma in vitro and enhanced mitochondria and decreased doxorubicin (a mitochondrial toxin antineoplastic) cytotoxicity. EA may be beneficial in MS and in glial brain tumors if combined with non-mitochondria targeting antineoplastics.


In order to clarify the effects of intercropping wheat on peanut adsorption of Cd,a greenhouse pot experiment using three different intercropping modes,PVC tube barrier,Nylon mesh barrier and mixed cropping was conducted to study the uptake and accumulation of Cd by two peanut genotypes Baisha 1016 and Huayu 20 under varied iron nutrition in different intercropping modes.The results showed that Cd contents of Baisha 1016 and Huayu 20 in nylon mesh barrier treatment in Fe-deficient soil were significantly higher than other treatments,which reached 9. 28,9. 83 mg·kg-1in the roots,and 1. 51,2. 25 mg·kg-1in shoots respectively. It indicated that root exudates of wheat could chelate Cd in soil,accordingly promoting the Cd uptake by peanut,if the root competitive interaction by two crops was excluded. Regardless of soil iron nutrition,the order of Cd content in roots of two peanut varieties was nylon mesh barrier PVC tube barrier mixed cropping,and there's no significant difference between two varieties. The order of cadmium accumulation in peanuts under iron deficiency condition was nylon mesh barrier PVC tube barrier mixed cropping. Under the mixed cropping treatment,Cd accumulation in wheat and peanut showed a negative correlation,which presented root competitive adsorption of soil Cd between wheat and peanut. In addition,maximum migration rate of Cd in Baisha 1016 and Huayu 20 was found in the mixed cropping in irondeficiency treatment,which was 11. 7% and 12. 2%,respectively. The present results suggest that wheat competes with peanut for adsorption of Cd in the limited root growth space in the intercropping system. However,Cd in iron deficiency soil is also activated by phytosiderophore excreted by wheat roots. Therefore,there is still certain potential risk of Cd accumulation by peanut intercropping with wheat in iron-deficiency fields.


OBJECTIVEThe aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and obesity on circulating markers of low-grade inflammation—tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and high sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP)—in young women without major cardiovascular (CV) risk factors (diabetes, dyslipidemia and arterial hypertension).DESIGNTwenty-five young women with PCOS and 23 eumenorrheic women without major CV risk factors and matched for body mass index (BMI) were studied. They were subdivided according to BMI and PCOS status and comparisons were made between the PCOS and Control groups, regardless of BMI, and between the Obese and Lean groups, regardless of the presence of PCOS.RESULTSLevels of TNF-α, IL-6 and hsCRP were similar between the PCOS group and the Control group (2.1 vs 1.9 pg/ml, p=0.397, 3.8 vs 5.7 pg/ml, p=0.805 and 0.9 vs 0.5 ng/ml, p=0.361, respectively). Levels of TNF-α were similar between the obese group and the lean group (2.1 vs 1.9 pg/ml, p=0.444). Levels of IL-6 and hsCRP were higher in the obese group than in the lean group (8.7 vs 2.0, p <0.001 and 1.4 vs 0.2 ng/ml, p <0.001, respectively).CONCLUSIONObesity, but not polycystic ovary syndrome, affects circulating markers of low-grade inflammation in young women without major CV risk factors.


This document describes the Remote APDU Call Protocol Secure (RACS)
protocol, dedicated to Grid of Secure Elements (GoSE). These servers
host Secure Elements (SE), i.e. tamper resistant chips offering secure
storage and cryptographic resources. Secure Elements are
microcontrollers whose chip area is about 25mm2; they deliver trusted
computing services in constrained environments. RACS supports
commands for GoSE inventory and data exchange with secure elements. It
is designed according to the representational State Transfer (REST)
architecture. RACS resources are identified by dedicated URIs. An HTTP
interface is also supported. An open implementation [OPENRACS] is
available (https://github.com/purien) for various OS.


Digital coding metasurfaces have been introduced to describe the properties of metasurfaces digitally and provide a new approach to link the physical world and information science. However, most of the current digital metasurfaces are focused on phase code, limiting their functions and applications. Here, the concept of reflection–transmission (R–T) amplitude code is established, and novel digital metasurfaces for full‐space electromagnetic (EM) manipulations are proposed, in which the digital states of the R–T amplitude code "0" and "1" represent the total reflection and transmission, respectively. The introduction of the R–T amplitude code enables a full‐space communication system and larger information capacity by associating with phase codes. For this purpose, first a novel polarization‐dependent R–T amplitude code is proposed, which is distinguished by the polarization of the incidence. Further positive–intrinsic–negative (PIN) diodes are adopted to realize dynamic R–T amplitude code, resulting in real‐time controls of far‐field radiation characteristics. Good agreements between simulations and experiments demonstrate the powerful ability to manipulate the EM waves by combining the R–T amplitude and phase codes, indicating great potentials in new digital metasurface‐based information, radar, and imaging systems.


The Bonin Islands provide breeding habitat for many species of seabird, but detailed information on breeding sites is unavailable. Here, we describe the recent species composition of breeding seabirds on 66 islands. A total of 15 species (Diomedea immutabilis, D. nigripes, Pterodroma hypoleuca, Bulweria bulwerii, Puffinus pacificus, Oceanodroma tristrami, O. matsudairae, Phaethon rubricauda, Sula leucogaster, S. dactylatra, S. sula, Thalasseus bergii, Sterna fuscata, Anous stolidus and A. minutus) was recorded breeding in the Bonin Islands based on field and literature surveys. The sole nesting record of S. sula was on a small island near Haha-jima, where it has failed to breed since a typhoon struck the island. We did not detect Puffinus lherminieri bannermani, although it bred on Kitaiwo-jima before World War II. S. leucogaster was the most widespread species and bred on 39 islands. The second most widespread species was P. pacificus, which bred on 35 islands. There was a positive relationship between species richness and island area. The distribution of breeding sites may be affected by human settlement and introduced species such as feral goats Capra aegagrus. Introduced animals should be controlled to protect the seabird fauna on the islands.


The structure of the syrinx of male adult and juvenile Collared doves (Streptopelia decaocto) was examined on macroscopical, light- and scanning electron microscopical level to further knowledge of its functioning. Several syringeal structures were measured in adults to determine the degree of inter-individual variation. Also, a comparison was made between the syringes of adult and juvenile individuals. The syrinx of the Collared dove is of the tracheobronchial type, consisting of modified tracheal and bronchial rings, two pairs of tracheal muscles, namely the Mm. sternotracheales and Mm. tracheolaterales, a pessulus-like structure and 3 different types of membranes: the lateral and medial tympaniform membranes and a dorsal tracheosyringeal membrane. A bilateral asymmetry is present in length and height of the primary bronchi. Combining the anatomical data with the present models of sound production suggests that vocalizations are most likely to be produced by mechanical vibration of membranes, rather than by an aerodynamical 'whistle' mechanism. Inter-individual variation is found in syringeal structures that may, directly or indirectly, influence the structure of the produced sound, like the number of tracheal and bronchial rings, the length of the tracheosyringeal membrane and characteristics of the lateral tympaniform membranes. Therefore, the possibility exists that inter-individual variation in vocalizations is the result of differences between individuals in the structure of the syrinx. The syrinx of juveniles, although having a similar basic structure, differs significantly from the adult syrinx with respect to the tracheal and bronchial rings, the tracheosyringeal membrane and the tracheal epithelium. From the moment of hatching, the syrinx develops gradually into its adult form and shape, which is reached at the age of 12-16 weeks.


The Amami-Sankaku Basin, located in the Philippine Sea, records approximately 50 million years of sediment accumulation and diagenesis of volcanic ash derived from the Kyushu-Palau and Kyushu-Ryukyu arcs. Analyses of porewater and sediment samples from the 1461-m core recovered at IODP Expedition 351, Site U1438, included major and trace elements, strontium radiogenic isotope ratio (87Sr/86Sr), and taxonomic identification of archaeal classes and bacterial orders. Sediment X-ray diffraction and thin section analyses show that smectite, zeolites and chlorite are the main authigenic minerals. A multicomponent solute diffusion and reaction numerical model was developed to simulate the long-term diagenesis that took place in this sedimentary sequence and to account for the transition to a calcium chloride brine at about 670 mbsf. Numerical results indicate that 45% of the initial amount of volcanic ash has been dissolved at 750 mbsf. At this depth, 13% of the initial water (H2O) in the pore space is estimated to have been transferred to the solid phase by the formation of zeolites, which accounts for an increase in porewater chloride concentration. In contrast, dissolution of anorthite and volcanic ash combined with sodium uptake by zeolites accounts for the predominance of calcium in the brine. In the upper 160 m of the sedimentary column, the electrochemical migration of solutes causes chloride to move in the opposite direction of the concentration gradient, i.e., uphill diffusion, sustaining downward diffusion of seawater chloride into the sediments.


Abstract A study was conducted to determine the elemental composition of two plant fractions (leaves and stems) of several forage species in three sheep farms of the paramo in Colombia. The elemental composition of the forage species, and the relationship between soil chemistry and the elemental composition of the forages were also determined. Sampling periods corresponded to the end of the rainy season (May‐June 1987), and the middle end of the dry season (February 1988). Leaves were higher (P<0.05) than stems in the following: calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, iron, molybdenum, crude protein, and IVOMD. Overall percentage of deficiencies were related to the requirements for sheep as follows: calcium (88%, 13%), phosphorus (50%, 27%), magnesium (85%, 41%), potassium (13%,3%), sodium (94%, 96%), iron (10%, 4%), copper (82%, 65%), manganese (7%, 0%), zinc (46%, 42%), cobalt (92%, 85%), selenium (77%, 65%), crude protein (45%, 8%) for stems and leaves, respectively. Based on analyses, elemental, cr...


The condensation reaction of formaldehyde with glycine or glycine Schiff bases co-ordinated to CoIII, CuII, and NiII has been studied. The reaction leads invariably to α-hydroxymethylserine. The influence of the metal ion, the charge of the complex, pH, and the ratio of the reactants are discussed, together with the effect of Schiff-base formation. With [Cu(glyO)2](glyO = glycinate) the condensation of formaldehyde at the α-carbon atom is preceded by condensation on the amino-group and is followed by cyclization to give an oxazolidine-type ring. No evidence for such a mechanism has been obtained in the case of [Co(en)2(glyO)]2+(en = ethylenediamine).


This paper focuses on applications of fuzzy segmentation in region indexing and image retrieval. First, our algorithm of fuzzy segmentation is shortly explained. Some features characterizing a fuzzy region are then defined, and a distance between fuzzy regions is proposed. This distance can be used to rank regions on color and/or shape features or to perform a partial request from a image, request consisting in a set of regions.


10519Background: Retinoblastoma was one of the first cancers to demonstrate a genetic basis to the development of cancer. However, unlike many cancers, Rb cannot be directly biopsied due to the hig...


This article aims to analyze the images of the sea and the aquatic element in Sylvia Plath's novel The Bell Jar – with further references to the later poetry and prose production – focusing on the lexical occurrences of certain words such as sea , ocean and water . All this leads to the possibility of reading the text by 'aquatic textual plans', on the basis of the inner lexical matches, and making a distinction between "sea of the body" and "sea of the mind".


Poster announcing opportunity for the public to attend free programs, such as movies, concerts, exhibits, and tours, at the American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West and 79 St., New York City, showing a totem pole.


This dosage corresponds approximately to that suggested by most writers-namely, 1 gramme per 20 lb. of body weight per twenty-four hours, given at four-hourly intervals. Estimations of free and conjugated sulphapyridine in blood and cerebrospinal fluid were done for us by Messrs. May and Baker, the method of Baines and Wien (1939) being employed, and they have incorporated their results along with the dosage of the drug in the form of the graph shown. It will be seen that on the first estimation the figures for blood and cerebrospinal fluid were respectively 15 and 10 mg. per 100 c.cm. This was after 23 grammes had been given. Dosage was then kept at 0.5 gramme four-hourly. In all remaining estimations the cerebrospinal fluid content of free sulphapyridine was approximately half that of the blood, as has been found by other writers.


In a previous paper it was shown that of the empty milk churns which were examined, 56 per cent, were totally unfit for use, as they contained very large numbers of bacteria and lactose fermenting organisms in high proportion. Table I (1) is taken from this paper and gives the number of bacteria per 1 c.c. of washings with sterile saline solution. These churns were taken at random on a station platform, their origin being unknown.


Download pose: To compare clinical, immunohistochemical (IHC), and gene expression models of prognosis able to formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded blocks in a large series of estrogen receptor (ER)–positive cancers from patients uniformly treated with adjuvant tamoxifen. erimental Design: Quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) assays for 50 genes fying intrinsic breast cancer subtypes were completed on 786 specimens linked to clinical (median -up, 11.7 years) and IHC [ER, progesterone receptor (PR), HER2, and Ki67] data. Performance of fined intrinsic subtype and risk-of-relapse scores was assessed using multivariable Cox models and n-Meier analysis. Harrell's C-index was used to compare fixed models trained in independent data ncluding proliferation signatures. ults: Despite clinical ER positivity, 10% of cases were assigned to nonluminal subtypes. qRT-PCR ures for proliferation genes gave more prognostic information than clinical assays for hormone res or Ki67. In Cox models incorporating standard prognostic variables, hazard ratios for breast cansease-specific survival over the first 5 years of follow-up, relative to the most common luminal A e, are 1.99 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.09-3.64] for luminal B, 3.65 (95% CI, 1.64-8.16) for -enriched subtype, and 17.71 (95% CI, 1.71-183.33) for the basal-like subtype. For node-negative e, PAM50 qRT-PCR–based risk assignment weighted for tumor size and proliferation identifies a with >95% 10-year survival without chemotherapy. In node-positive disease, PAM50-based progmodels were also superior. clusion: The PAM50 gene expression test for intrinsic biological subtype can be applied to large Con series of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded breast cancers, and gives more prognostic information than clinical factors and IHC using standard cut points. Clin Cancer Res; 16(21); 5222–32. ©2010 AACR.


In this work, we focus on modeling user-generated feedback and overall rating pairs, and aim to identify semantic aspects and aspectlevel sentiments from user feedback data as well as to predict overall sentiments of user feedbacks. We propose a novel probabilistic supervised joint aspect and sentiment model (SJASM) to deal with the problems. SJASM represents each user feedback document in the form of opinion pairs, and can simultaneously model aspect terms and corresponding opinion words of the user feedback for hidden aspect and sentiment detection. It also leverages sentimental overall ratings, which often comes with online user feedbacks, as supervision data, and can infer the semantic aspects and aspect-level sentiments that are not only meaningful but also predictive of overall sentiments of user feedbacks. Moreover, we also develop efficient inference method for parameter estimation of SJASM based on collapsed Gibbs sampling. We evaluate SJASM extensively on real-world user feedback data, and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model outperforms seven well-established baseline methods for sentiment analysis tasks. Generally, sentiments and opinions can be analyzed at different levels of granularity. We call the sentiment expressed in a whole piece of text, e.g., review document or sentence, overall sentiment. The task of analyzing overall sentiments of texts is typically formulated as classification problem, e.g., classifying a review document into positive or negative sentiment. Then, a variety of machine learning methods trained using different types of indicators (features) have been employed for overall sentiment analysis. However, analyzing the overall sentiment expressed in a whole piece of text alone (e.g., review document), does not discover what specifically people like or dislike in the text. In reality, the fine-grained sentiments may very well tip the balance in purchase decisions. For example, savvy consumers nowadays are no longer satisfied with just overall sentiment/rating given to a product in a review; they are often eager to see why it receives that rating, which positive or negative attributes (aspects) contribute to the particular rating of the product.


The present invention provides an apparatus for easily testing urine in a toilet during urination. The apparatus for testing urine comprises: a strip transfer module fixed on the toilet which has an insertion hole for inserting a strip and which transfers the strip to a specific position; a strip guide member attached to an end of the strip transfer module which guides the positioned strip and collects urine; a strip testing module which is coupled to one side of the strip transfer module and which measures the color of the strip reacted with urine; and an internal washing module which is coupled with the strip transfer module and washes the inside of the strip transfer module and strip guide member. Accordingly, a user can test urine without visiting a hospital, such that various diseases, like diabetes, can be detected early through the urine test.


Thermosensitive anionic block copolymers of sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonate (AMPS) and N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAM) with different block lengths were prepared by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). Controlled polymerization was achieved by using ethyl 2-chloropropionate (ECP) as initiator and CuCl/CuCl2/tris(2-dimethylaminoethyl)amine (Me6TREN) catalytic system in DMF:water 50:50 (v/v) mixtures at 20 °C. Blocks lengths ranging from 36 to 98 repeating units were obtained. The association properties in aqueous solutions at different NaCl ionic strengths were studied as a function of temperature and polymer concentration by dynamic light scattering, fluorescence spectroscopy, and energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy. The block copolymers with a higher pNIPAAM/pAMPS ratio formed spherical core-shell type micelles independently of the ionic strength. The block copolymers with lower pNIPAAM/pAMPS ratio formed core-shell type micelles at high ionic strength. Larger particles were observed at low ionic strength, which could be due to the formation of vesicles or compound micelles/micellar clusters. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 4830–4842, 2008


A multichannel microfluidic cell (MFC) obtained using 3D printing for studying the structure of complex solutions by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) is described. MFC was tested at the BioMUR beamline of the Kurchatov synchrotron. A comparative analysis of SAXS signal from the standard capillary and from the developed MFC was carried out, with MFC showing significant advantages. The dynamics of SAXS scattering curves for lysozyme solutions with NaCl precipitant were studied when the protein and precipitant concentrations changed. The obtained time series of data are well consistent with the known data for the lysozyme solution.


Romance clitics are currently accounted for as DP arguments moved to functional head positions or as functional heads (AccVoice, etc.) licensing pro-DPs in argument position. I take the view that clitics are first merged as heads, projecting independently motivated categories on the functional spine of the sentence (φP, ApplP). I argue that they can satisfy theta relations without need for a pro associate. From an empirical point of view, a pure head syntax for clitics is favoured in explaining the asymmetries between clitics and phrases, found in several syntactically relevant domains (order, agreement, case). I show how the hypothesis that clitics are functional heads derives the internal order of the clitic string, which does not necessarily match (or mirror) that of phrasal constituents. I also consider agreement asymmetries (perfect participle agreement) and case asymmetries (in relation to Differential Object Marking).


Purpose. The article considers the peculiarities of the images of the representatives of peoples of Siberia on the ethnographic maps of the First and Second Kamchatka expeditions, taking place in the first half of the 18th century.Results. Maps are an important historical source, moreover not only the cartographic information is studied, but also other materials located on the map. Three versions of the final map of the First Kamchatka Expedition, as well as the Ethnographic Map of Siberia of the Second Kamchatka Expedition are a valuable source for research. They contain images of representatives of different peoples and scenes from their lives. A comparative analysis of the drawings of Yakut, Tungus (Evenks), Koryak, Kuril, Chukchi, Kamchadal (Itelmen) was carried out, the features of images of clothing and objects were revealed, and ethnographic analogies were attracted. So, gradually, on different maps a fur coat on Yakut loses its fur trim, the bow becomes a crooked stick with a rope. On later maps, frames appear around the images, the number of representatives of the Siberian peoples increases.The maps are made by different mapmakers. The first of them was created in St. Petersburg, sketches made during the work of the First Kamchatka expedition were copied on it. Local mapmakers did not quite understand what they were depicting and, therefore, already at this stage there is a loss of part of the ethnographic meaning. The rest of the maps were already copied from the first one, so there is a further loss of ethnographic specificity, simplification of the pictures.The sequence of implementation of the maps was determined by increasing the number of images, the appearance of frames around them, and their gradual simplification. The earliest version of the final map of the First Kamchatka Expedition shows the summer camp of the Kamchadals under the cartouche. This is the most complete image, on the other sources only individual elements of this sketch were drawn. The ethnographic map of Siberia of the Second Kamchatka Expedition is the most complete in both cartographic and ethnographic contexts. But the greatest losses of the ethnographic specificity of the Siberian peoples are observed on it.Conclusion. As a result of the conducted research, the sequence of compiling versions of the final map of the First Kamchatka expedition (ethnographic version) was determined. The variant of the drawings of representatives of peoples when compiling the ethnographic map of Siberia of the Second Kamchatka expedition is revealed. A gradual partial loss of ethnographic information occurred when copying maps by different mapmakers who did not quite understand what they were depicting.


The time varying nature of the Internet will introduce uncertainties into the network described by a TCP model. A TCP-AQM (Active Queue Management) system can be optimized if the controller is designed to minimize an H∞ norm of a certain error when the uncertainties are within some given ranges. Let kp represent the proportional gain and ki represent the integral gain of the PIController. We found that for any values of (kp, ki), the PI-Controller for AQM cannot achieve robust stability under certain conditions. Let W2 represent a bound of the multiplicative plant uncertainty and T (s) represent the complementary sensitivity function of the system, while ‖ · ‖∞ represents the H∞ norm. We also found that when (kp, ki) is within a certain region, ‖W2(s)T (s)‖∞ is a constant equaling the minimum value, and the controller will have the identical ability subject to the uncertainty. Simulation results are also presented to demonstrate the consistency with the theoretical analysis.


The results of inherent knowledge based generic summarization are influenced by the composition of sentence in document set. In order to resolve the problem, this papser propses a new generic document summarization which uses clustering of semantic feature of document and coherence of document cluster. The proposed method clusters sentences using semantic feature deriving from NMF(non-negative matrix factorization), which it can classify document topic group because inherent structure of document are well represented by the sentence cluster. In addition, the method can improve the quality of summarization because the importance sentences are extracted by using coherence of sentence cluster and the cluster refinement by re-cluster. The experimental results demonstrate appling the proposed method to generic summarization achieves better performance than generic document summarization methods.


High frequency regeneration system is a prerequisite for production of transgenic plants. The present study was conducted to study the age of callus on high frequency regeneration protocol for seven different wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars viz. Chakwal-97, Inqualab-91, Punjnand-2000, Manthar-2002, Kohsar-95, Margalla-99 and C-591. Mature embryos of these cultivars were inoculated on MS (Murashige and Skoog, 1962) and N6 (Chu, 1978) media supplemented with 2.5 mg/l 2, 4-D. Callus induction started after two weeks. These calli were placed on regeneration medium supplemented with BAP at 5 mg/l and IAA at 1mg/l) after 14, 18, 22, 26, 30, 34, 38, 42, 44, 48, 52, 56 and 60 days. Regeneration frequency was noted after 6-8 weeks of inoculation on regeneration medium. It was found that regeneration frequency was highest i.e., 95% by Chakwal-97 in 26 days old calli, whereas lowest at 48 days i.e., 13%. From these studies it was concluded that 3-4 weeks old mature embryo derived calli were more effective for highest regeneration frequency.


Near a thicker liquid region, droplets grow and become overlap-like, liquid fronts push forward to facilitate NC coalescence. In a thin liquid region, e-beam induces bubble formation, dissolution of CdS, and deformation of the Au/CdS composite.


Abstract In this paper some results are given on the addivity of chain-ladder projections. Given two claims development triangles, when do their chain-ladder projections add up to the projections of the combined triangle, that is the triangle being the element-wise sum of the two given triangles? Necessary and sufficient conditions for equality are given. These are of a fairly simply form and are directly connected to the ordinary chain-ladder calculations. In addition, sufficient conditions of the same form are given for inequality between the combined projection vector and the sum of the two original projections vectors.


`Learning from experience' and `learning by doing' are truisms which serve to beguile rather than behove. They imply that by reflecting on practice, we may draw lessons from experience in an almost literal sense of an individual taking stock. Instead, it is argued here that learning is a social process (and practice) which is action-orienting: an analytic construction to make a particular sense of actions/events located in cultural, process and temporal terms. The case is made by contrasting our talk of learning and experience with our `doing' of learning and experience-while we talk of drawing on the lessons of experience, in practice we actually learn in order to forget. Hence, it is argued that we do not develop by adding another piece to the human/managerial jigsaw-however well-or ill-defined that might be. Rather, it is proposed that we `push back limitations'-that which James (1890) argued is the very small portion of our vital resources of which we actually make use-by coming to `know' them through extending the boundaries in making sense of `experience'.


Referring to Freud (1914) and to his two models of object choice, and to other in contemporary psychoanalysts, the author has shown, through some sequences of couple and family psychoanalysis, a transgenerationnal modality of object choice, probably the most unconscious one, that works as a background in the conjugal link. The "denial pacts", which are, according to R. Kaes, founding every link, are unconscious, repressed, denied representations, infiltrated by transgenerationnal traces, like crypts, phantoms, secrets, unmemorised traces as says E. Granjon, and contribute to the constitution of the link of alliance and work in it. Transgenerationnal items, in the families of origin of each partner, get unconsciously into resonance in the encounter. The conjugal links build up and relie on the splits existing in each partner's origins. Transgenerational is therefore at work in the crisis of the couple, which breaks up on what it was unconsciously founded.


The classification of large number of object categories is a challenging trend in the Machine Learning field. In literature, this is often addressed using an ensemble of classifiers. In this scope, the ErrorCorrecting Output Codes framework has demonstrated to be a powerful tool for the combination of classifiers. However, most of the state-of-theart ECOC approaches use a linear or exponential number of classifiers, making the discrimination of a large number of classes unfeasible. In this paper, we explore and propose a minimal design of ECOC in terms of the number of classifiers. Evolutionary computation is used for tuning the parameters of the classifiers and looking for the best Minimal ECOC code configuration. The results over several public UCI data sets and a challenging multi-class Computer Vision problem show that the proposed methodology obtains comparable and even better results than state-ofthe-art ECOC methodologies with far less number of dichotomizers.


In urban areas, it is important to conserve biodiversity because biodiversity is the basis of the ecosystem services. This study focused on cicadas because they serve as an indicator of the environmental conditions. We aim to clarify cicada distribution in urban areas and the environmental factors that affect its population and distribution. By using a method for counting the cast-off skins of the cicadas, we recorded cicada population three times during the summer of 2011 at 49 forest sites in Tokyo metropolis. In addition, we recorded environmental factors through field surveys and satellite imagery analysis. The species composition of cicada was analyzed using the Nestedness Temperature Calculator program, and the relationship between the cicada population and environmental factors was analyzed using a generalized linear mixed model (GLMM). As a result, six cicada species and the cast-off skins of five species were found in the studied sites. The species composition of cicada has a nested structure, with one species dominating many sites. The common factors having a statistically significant influence on the cicada population were soil moisture, soil hardness, leaf coverage in the middle layer, height of shrub layer, and average breast height diameter of trees, which were obtained using a GLMM. Among these factors, we also obtained the characteristic factor affecting each cicada species.


Widespread genetic testing for diseases may cause adverse selection, escalating premiums, or discrimination in various insurance markets. Here, without systematically informing study participants of their genetic predisposition, we estimate to what extent genetic data are informative about differences in longevity, health expectations, and economic behavior. We compute measures of genetic liability (polygenic scores) for 27 common diseases and mortality risks in 9,272 participants of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). Survival analysis suggests that the highest decile of cumulative genetic risk can distinguish a median lifespan up to 4.5 years shorter, a difference that is similar to or larger than that distinguished by conventional actuarial risk factors, including sex. Furthermore, greater genetic liability is associated with less long-term care insurance, among other economic behaviors. We conclude that the rapid developments in genetic epidemiology pose new challenges for regulating consumer genetics and insurance markets, requiring urgent attention from policymakers.


Canada's 40,000 tonnes of used nuclear fuel waste are slated to be interred in the Canadian Shield at a cost of $24 billion. This "waste" consists of 0.74% fission products and 99.26% actinides, with 98.81% uranium and 0.45% long-lived transuranic actinides. All these actinides can fuel fast-neutron reactors, leaving only 70% stable and 30% short-lived fission products. Calculations here show that the nuclear energy reaped in the process can create $20 trillion of electricity. Additionally, the tonnes of elements such as rhodium, palladium, ruthenium and technetium in the resulting fission products would be worth over $150 billion.


Activity of serine proteases--kallikrein-like activity (KLA) and plasmin-like activity (PLA)--were studied in the blood plasma of 220 sexually mature male Wistar rats with simulated aseptic and infected surface wounds in the time course before the operation, daily from the 1st to 10th day, as well as 12 and 15 days after the surgery. During the healing of aseptic and especially infected wound blood plasma KLA and PLA were found to be decreasing, thus indicating the active role of factor-XII-dependent systems in wound healing, reflecting the response of the body to operation-induced injury and wound infection, and dependent on the character and stage of wound healing course.


Sugarcane smut is caused by the fungus Ustilago scitaminea, which is primarily spread by wind-borne spores and infected sugarcane cuttings. Itwas identified as a high-risk exotic disease in a pest risk analysis conducted in 1997, and a contingency plan to deal with incursions was prepared in 1997. Sugarcane smut was reported for the first time in Australia in the Ord River Irrigation Area (ORIA) of Western Australia in July 1998. The disease spread quickly through the susceptible cultivars NCo310 and Q117 (30% of the crop) and eradication of the disease was not feasible. Quarantine regulations were enacted in Queensland and New South Wales to reduce the risk of spread by plant material or appliances. The ORIA cane growers cooperated by ploughing out heavily infested fields and had removed all susceptible cultivars by 2001. This has reduced the risk of wind-borne spread from the ORIA. Extensive surveys of over 44 000 ha in Queensland and New South Wales have failed to detect sugarcane smut. Australian cultivars are being screened for resistance to sugarcane smut in Indonesia and the ORIA, and 75% of the cultivars tested are susceptible to smut. Breeding for smut resistance has commenced and smut-resistant cultivars have been propagated in preparation for possible incursions. DNA fingerprinting of the smut isolates collected from Western Australia and Indonesia showed that the isolates were identical. Further screening of isolates from around the world showed little variation except in Thailand, Philippines and Taiwan where there was significant variation between isolates within this region and with isolates from all other countries.


This paper proposes to apply the celebrated Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) approach in order to obtain a short-term control model for the temperature dynamics of the borehole system. The main idea behind POD-based modeling is the extraction of a set of optimal basis functions containing the main characteristics of the system from snapshots of the system dynamics at various time instants. This way, POD allows an accurate description of the heat diffusion process where the POD modes can be used as states of the control model. The obtained control model is used for control of heat extraction and injection.


Velocity and position are the most important signals used in industrial controllers such as proportional–integral–derivative controllers. While in some real-time applications like structural control, acceleration measurements are easily accessible via accelerometers. The velocity and position have to be estimated from the measured acceleration. In this paper, offset cancellation and high-pass filtering techniques are combined effectively to solve common problems in numerical integration of acceleration signals in real-time applications. The integration accuracy is improved compared with other numerical integrators. Experimental results on a linear servo actuator and a shake table illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.


Catheter-tissue coupling is crucial for effective delivery of radiofrequency (RF) energy during catheter ablation. Force sensing catheters provide a metric of mechanical tissue contact and catheter stability, while local impedance has been shown to provide sensitive information on real-time tissue heating. The complementary use of force and local impedance during RF ablation procedures could provide an advantage over the use of one metric alone.
 This study evaluates a prototype ablation catheter that measures both contact force (CF) using inductive sensors and local catheter impedance (LI) using only catheter electrodes. The complementary nature was assessed with discrete lesions in vitro and an intercaval line in vivo.
 A force-sensing catheter with LI was evaluated in explanted swine hearts (n=14) in an in vivo swine model (n=9, 50–70kg) using investigational electroanatomical mapping software. In vitro, discrete lesions were created in ventricular tissue at a range of forces (0–40g) controlled externally. RF energy was applied at a range of powers (20W, 30W, and 40W), durations (10s-60s), and catheter orientations (0°, 45°, and 90°). Lesions were stained with TTC and measured. LI drop relative to baseline during RF in the bench studies was used to inform the in vivo study. In a separate subset of animals in vivo, an intercaval line was created in three experimental groups: LI blinded, 20Ω ΔLI, and 30Ω ΔLI. CF was maintained between 15 and 25g in all groups. All ablations were performed with a power of 30W. In the LI blinded group, all lesions were delivered for 30s. In the 20Ω ΔLI group, the investigator ablated until a 20Ω drop or 30 seconds was achieved. Likewise, in the 30Ω ΔLI, the investigator ablated until a 30Ω drop or 30 seconds was achieved.
 In vitro, 137 discrete ventricular lesions were created. LI drop during ablation correlated strongly with lesion depth using a monoexponential fit (R=0.84) while force time integral (FTI) did not correlate as strongly (R=0.56). In the intercaval LI blinded group, starting LI ranged from 126–163Ω with a median of 138Ω. LI drops ranged from 13Ω-44Ω, with a median of 26Ω. In the 20Ω ΔLI group, starting LI ranged from 137–211Ω with a median of 161Ω and LI drop ranged from 7Ω-35Ω, with a median of 22Ω. In the 30Ω ΔLI group, starting LI ranged from 130–256Ω with a median of 171Ω and LI drop ranged from 20Ω-52Ω, with a median of 31Ω. Notably, RF time for the LI blinded group was 13±0.1 minutes while RF time in the 20Ω ΔLI group was 6.4±1.9 minutes and 7.5±0.7 minutes in the 30Ω ΔLI group.
 A catheter incorporating CF-sensing and LI capabilities provides a powerful tool for RF ablation. Bench studies demonstrate a strong correlation between LI drop and lesion dimensions, which guided the use of LI in vivo. In vivo, the confirmation of stable mechanical contact and viewing of real-time LI drops enabled a significant reduction in RF time while creating a continuous intercaval line.

 This study was funded by Boston Scientific.


In this paper we investigate the possibility of using a NE213 liquid scintillator as aneutron spectrometer to diagnose the fast ion tails produced in experiments with 3rd harmonicradio-frequency he ...


Walkable urban green spaces (WUGS) have immediate as well as indirect effects on health, improving not only the general health of the population but also the quality of the environment. However, in creating these new green urban places the health situation is not given due consideration. This article deals with the relationship between green urban places and physical exercise and the impact on public health in the city of Amadora, located in the metropolitan area of Lisbon. The results of this study show interesting relationships between the location of the green areas, the characteristics of the settlements and the types of greenery provided, indicating the necessity of an urgent interdisciplinary effort for the well-being of the future city.


1. The internal features and mechanisms, selection, digesition, absorption to the digestive diverticula and excretion relating to the stomach of Japanese pearl oyster. Pinctada martensii, were investigated. 2. The main structural variations of the stomach between P. martensii investigated in the present study and P. vulgaris described by P1RCHON12), and the common structural features of these species in comparison with the other families of Pseudolamellibranchia were confirmed. 3. A diagrammatic representation of the features and the circulation of food materials in the stomach were given. 4. It was found that the portions on the dorsal roof of the stomach take part in the digestive function of the stomach. And the mechanisms of absorption towards and excretion from the ducts of digestive diverticula became clear by analyzing of the structural features and the ciliary currents in the openings of ducts and embayments.


This paper deals with the simulation of UNS A92024 aluminium alloy cutting processes. In particular, 2D and 3D Finite Element Method (FEM) simulations were carried out in order to estimate cutting forces and chip morphology during turning operations. The material is modelled with two different set of parameters for the Johnson—Cook's (J‐C) constitutive equation and a failure Cockroft and Latham's model exploited considers damage. The comparison between the predicted chip morphology and principal cutting forces at varying of J‐C parameters and cutting regimes with those experimentally found are presented and discussed. The paper shows the importance of damage criterion in the cutting forces, during the simulation, especially in 3D.


(Second of Two Parts) [Emergency end-to-side portacaval shunt.] For dependable relief of portal hypertension, emergency shunts for bleeding varices must decompress the splanchnic system immediately draining into the portal vein; in practice, the options for gaining this goal are overwhelmingly the portacaval and H-graft mesocaval shunts. Peripheral splanchnic shunts are considerably less effective. Although the quality of life after an emergency shunt compared with life after an elective shunt has not been scrutinized, it seems reasonable to recommend an urgent end-to-side portacaval shunt (within 18 hours of the bleeding episode) for Child's class A patients who would otherwise be offered . . .


The work presents theoretical grounds for the process of refining molten steel from liquid non-metallic inclusions, using the method of filtration with ceramic filters - the thermodynamic precondition to the absorption of liquid non-metallic inclusions on the surface of a ceramic filter.


OBJECTIVE: To prepare loratadine inclusion complexes gel and study its transdermal penetration in vitro.METHODS: Loratadine and HP-β-CD were adopted to prepare inclusion complexes.Then gel was prepared using inclusion complexes.Transdermal absorption experiment was carried out by Franz diffusion cell with excised rat skin as the barrier.The steady permeation rate(J) of trial group(loratadine inclusion complex gel) was compared with that of positive group(loratadine gel containing 1% azone) and negative group(loratadine gel without penetration enhancer).RESULTS: Prepared inclusion complexes gel assumed smooth and subtila appearance and suitable viscosity.The value of J of trial group and positive group were(17.82±0.569) μg·cm-2·h-1 and(18.44±0.952) μg·cm-2·h-1,while there was no significant difference(P0.05).The value of J of negative group was(6.180±0.214) μg·cm-2·h-1,while there was significant difference between trial group and negative group(P0.05).CONCLUSION: The transdermal permeation of loratadine gel has been significantly increased by formation of loratadine-HP-β-CD inclusion complexes.


Background: The modifi ed Borg scale is a standardized visual analog scale in Spanish that assesses subjective perception of breathing diffi culty or physical effort exerted. There are no studies analyzing the correlation between this scale and oxygen saturation. Material and methods: Cross-sectional, analytical and observational study done on men and women over 18 years culminating post infarcted cardiac rehabilitation program. Two groups, smokers (14 patients) and nonsmokers (8 patients). It took the oxygen saturation at rest and during maximal stress test, each up his physical exertion on the modifi ed Borg scale. Results: We found a correlation coeffi cient between the modifi ed Borg scale and oxygen saturation of r = -0.995 y r = -0.911 smokers and nonsmokers, respectively, with p < 0.001. Conclusions: The high correlation between the modifi ed Borg scale and oxygen saturation in patients with ischemic heart disease, make it indispensable in cardiac rehabilitation services to measure oxygen saturation as a method of exercise prescription for stress test.


Abstract : Critically evaluated transition probabilities, in order of increasing quantum numbers, are compiled for Ba I and II from available literature sources. (Author)


This paper investigates the small sample performance of the Least Squares Dummy Variable (LSDV) estimator of the dynamic panel data models for period, T, greater than the cross sections, N and its large sample performance in the direction of T as N remains finite, and compares it with the performance of the instrumental variable- generalize method of moments (IV-GMM) estimators  using the properties of root mean squares error(RMSE) of the model , root mean squares error of the autoregressive term ? (RMSE?), the bias of  ? (bias?) and the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) with the motive of ascertaining the usefulness of the LSDV estimator in determining the parameters of a dynamic panel model as T? and finite N, for which it is regarded as consistent.


Teleconference systems are widely used in business and education. They are required to enhance only the target speech while suppressing diffuse or interference noise. The minimum variance beamformer is a strong method to enhance the target speech; However, it is less robust at low frequencies. We propose a robust beamformer based on the minimum variance method in the spherical harmonic domain. Less robustness is caused by the use of high-order spherical harmonic coefficients at low frequencies. To avoid the use of high-order coefficients in the filter calculation, we apply L1-regularization to the minimum variance method. Our analysis demonstrates the tradeoff between the robustness and spatial resolution and how the L1-regularization improves the robustness at low frequencies.


The widening gulf between scientific observations around the globe and public perceptions of the nature and origin of climate change is threatening to lead the world away from evidence-based policies despite projections by the world's major climate research bodies (NASA/Goddard Institute of Space Science, National Snow and Ice Data Centre [Colorado], Hadley-Met, Tyndall Centre for Climate Change, British Antarctic Survey, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research) as summarized in references[1], including the Australian Antarctic Division, CSIRO and Bureau of Meteorology[2]. A joint statement by the world's academies of science states[3], among other:


The purpose of this paper is to investigate cost of attending medical education (MBBS) in Nepal provided by twenty public and private medical colleges affiliated to Tribhuvan University (TU) and Kathmandu University (KU) along with BP Koirala Institute of Health Science (BPKIHS) and Patan Academy of Health Science (PAHS). The basic objectives of the paper are to analyze the costs of attendance (CoA) and its determinants of MBBS education in public and private colleges of Nepal, Primary cost survey upon twenty medical colleges was utilized to gather the cost related data. Four admission cycles (2015-2018) of MBBS students were used for the study. It further revealed differential cost of attendance within universities and within public and private medical colleges. Cost of attendance varies from NRs. 4.3 to 6.1 million and it grew minimum 2.02 percent to maximum 6.4 percent. MBBS education in private medical colleges in Nepal is more expensive than public colleges. It should be made affordable, accessible and reformed on the basis of basic principle of quality health care and health education.


Pathological Impulsivity is a crucial component of several neuropsychiatric disorders and is cause of significant observed distress and morbidity. Here I will take ADHD and Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) as examples neuropsychiatric disorders with pathological impulsivity as an important component to describe the usefulness of TMS and repetitive TMS (rTMS) as an investigative tool as well as a potential therapeutic tool.


BACKGROUND
New techniques are required to guarantee the authenticity of the food, especially for PDO (Protected Designation of Origin) trademarks. The genuineness of a product is directly related to the raw material and to the production process used. In this paper, the traceability of the PDO Mozzarella di Bufala Campana was investigated, using carbon, nitrogen and oxygen stable isotopes ratios, measured on buffalo feeding, milk and mozzarella, from Caserta and Salerno farms. Furthermore, 37 mozzarella brands were analyzed (C, N and O isotopes) from the different production areas, to characterize their origin.

RESULTS
The results of this work showed no changes in C and N isotopic ratios of milk and mozzarella, indicating no fractionation in the production process. The δ13 C of milk was influenced by feeding signal; while, milk δ15 N was regulated by fractionation occurring during ruminant metabolism. Mozzarella O isotopic signal resulted depleted respect to the milk one. About brands samples, it was found that the geographical differentiation is based more on carbon isotopes than on the nitrogen and oxygen one.

CONCLUSION
This work gives an important contribution to the knowledge regarding the traceability of such a particular cheese as mozzarella. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


This study focused on the time series analysis of passive microwave and optical satellite data collected from six Southern Hemisphere ecosystems in Australia and Argentina. The selected ecosystems represent a wide range of land cover types, including deciduous open forest, temperate forest, tropical and semiarid savannas, and grasslands. We used two microwave indices, the frequency index (FI) and polarization index (PI), to assess the relative contributions of soil and vegetation properties (moisture and structure) to the observations. Optical‐based satellite vegetation products from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer were also included to aid in the analysis. We studied the X and Ka bands of the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer‐EOS and Wind Satellite, resulting in up to four observations per day (1:30, 6:00, 13:30, and 18:00 h). Both the seasonal and hourly variations of each of the indices were examined. Environmental drivers (precipitation and temperature) and eddy covariance measurements (gross ecosystem productivity and latent energy) were also analyzed. It was found that in moderately dense forests, FI was dependent on canopy properties (leaf area index and vegetation moisture). In tropical woody savannas, a significant regression (R2) was found between FI and PI with precipitation (R2 > 0.5) and soil moisture (R2 > 0.6). In the areas of semiarid savanna and grassland ecosystems, FI variations found to be significantly related to soil moisture (R2 > 0.7) and evapotranspiration (R2 > 0.5), while PI varied with vegetation phenology. Significant differences (p < 0.01) were found among FI values calculated at the four local times.


This paper presents the results of designing a promising burner device that combines injection and radiation methods for gaseous fuel combustion. Infrared radiation from the heated surface of nozzle of radiation burner provides intensive heat transfer in furnaces and boilers, specifies their high efficiency at low flue gas temperatures, and very low NOx emissions. Effective gas combustion is facilitated by additional heating of the initial fuel mixture during filtration through the hot walls of porous nozzle. The new design of radiation burner has high performance characteristics, provides effective combustion of gaseous fuel up to 99% and meets high environmental standards and requirements.


Communication is among the basic needs of people and this communication need is carried out through various means. In the modern time, individuals prefer the media as the main source of reference in accessing the news. This function offered by traditional media tools have gained further strength with the new media tools that have occurred with the development of communication technologies and the new media tools have become actively useable in the process of communication. Particularly due to the interactive structure of new media tools that provide instant access; individuals can access the news without resorting to traditional media tools such as newspapers, television and radio or by using the access links of these tools on the digital platform. Considering the increase in the internet usage rate, it is possible to observe that new media tools can be used more actively than the traditional media tools in the process of accessing the news. This habit brings along a situation that may transform the way of consuming the news/information, which are the main outputs of the media. It is aimed to determine the practices of access to the news in this study. In this context, it was tried to be determined which communication tools /channels are preferred more in the process of receiving the news in the example of Adana province with the participation of university students. The data obtained with the survey questions addressed to the participants chosen with the method of simple random sampling among the university students studying at Adana Alparslan Turkes Univeristy of Science and Technology were processed through SPSS program, the data obtained were evaluated and the habits of individuals in reaching the news were measured. As a result of the research, it was determined that the majority of the participants used websites and social media applications in accessing the news.


A novel ultrasonic ranging system based on the self-correlation of pseudo-random sequence is designed in this paper. Modular design is applied in this ultrasonic ranging system, which can measure the ultrasonic propagation velocity and transit time accurately, and then calculates the obstacle's distance. Low power consumption and high performance TMS320VC5509A DSP is used as the ultrasonic ranging system's signal processor. In order to improve the correlation calculation's real-time performance, correlation judgment algorithm based on FFT is adopted. The ultrasonic receiving circuit is improved by absolute-value circuit instead of the traditional detection circuit, which effectively demodulates the pseudo-random sequences from the received ultrasonic waves. An error correction algorithm for this ultrasonic ranging system is proposed. The ultrasonic ranging system's performance test was conducted under the interference existed environment. The experimental results demonstrate that the ultrasonic ranging system has good anti-interference performance and its ranging errors are within 1.8%.


We demonstrate the technical feasibility of a novel and efficient method for the valorization of CO2 produced by the reverse water gas shift reaction (rWGS), while using an extruded NiFe2O4 as cata...


The aim of this study is to explore several animal-related expressions are both and understood in natural language. In order to do so, we draw on the PEOPLE ARE ANIMALS metaphor, which was first put forward by Lakoff & Johnson in 1980. More specifically, we at analyzing three different types of animal expressions, namely: (i) those that are based either on prototypical actions performed by animals (e.g. to leave with one's tails between one's legs) or on animal parts (e.g. to have hawk's eyes); (ii) those that derive from animal names and which originate actions that can be applied to people's behavior (Bad luck seems to have dogged me throughout my whole life, I called out to him but he hared off in the opposite direction); and (iii) those that stem from sounds which are typically emitted by animals and can be used to refer to speech verbs (bark, bellow, howl, snarl, roar). With this purpose in mind, we elaborate on some of the ideas in Ruiz de Mendoza & Diez (2002) where it is argued that conceptual interaction is fully regulated and constrained by a limited set of interactional patterns; and we analyzed certain speech verb that are liable to be analyzed on the basis of conceptual metaphor theory.


Refractive indices were determined of single crystals of La 3 Ga 3 SiO 14 (langasite, LGS), La 3 Ga 5.5 Nb 0.5 O 14 (langanite, LGN) and La 3 Ga 5.5 Ta 0.5 O 14 (langataite, LGT) in the wavelength region between 0.36 μm and 2.33 μm. While phase-matched optical second harmonic generation is not possible in LGS it occurs in the isotypic compounds LGN and LGT. Temperature-dependent examination of the dielectric properties of LGS up to 600°C showed anomalous behaviour. For all three substances the electro-optic [r σ ijk ] (unclamped) and the piezoelectric [d ijk ] tensors were determined at room temperature. In addition, the temperature-dependence of these properties was studied for LGS between -200°C and +200°C by a Jamin interferometer in combination with a modified Senarmont compensator.


Recent advances in polymers have resulted in various demonstrations of polymer based devices and components for integrated optics, optical communications, RF photonics and sensors.


Seasonal phenology is expressed in the annual rhythms of growth and quiescence, which may range from being sharply defined to weakly quantitative. These rhythms, both vegetative and reproductive, are a key aspect of a plant's survival strategy. They enable the plant to both survive seasonal stresses and take advantage of favourable conditions, while making pollination efficient through synchronised flowering. Maturation in woody perennials causes some ontogenetic modulation of seasonal phenology. Shoot phenology is driven by various environmental cues, notably temperatures and daylength, with shoot extremities often being prime receptors. The phenology of shoot extremities is in turn seen as a strong driver of cambial activity, which itself is an aspect of shoot phenology and the basis of stem diameter growth. The aspects of cambial activity reflecting hoot–tip phenology primarily involve the timing of xylem formation and the anatomical and physical properties of xylem cells. The actual amount of diameter growth, however, is governed much more by other factors, notably the growth potential of the species, the space for the tree to grow in, and how favourable local conditions are for growth. Somehow, all tree species allocate resources to shoot extension and diameter growth to represent viable adaptive strategies, although there is no identified role of phenology per se in such allocation. Among species, Pinus radiata is extremely important commercially, largely through a high growth potential that reflects distinctive phenology. Much research on the species provides a basis for linking its phenology and shoot–tip architecture to seasonal timing of diameter growth and fine details of within-ring variation in xylem cell properties. This provides a baseline for comparison with many other tree species, conifers and hardwoods. Selected examples are considered to illustrate the range of adaptive strategies. Regulation of diameter growth and internal variation in wood properties reflects the response to competitive pressures. Modifying the regulation to optimise wood production and quality poses a great challenge for future domestication.


Objective It has been shown that adult brain is still capable of neurogenesis which can beinhibited by activation of NMDA receptor.Since lidocaine can inhibit NMDA-mediated excitatoryueurotransmission,we aimed to investigate the interaction between lidocaine and NMDA on the proliferation ofpheochromocytoma cells which are used as a model for central neuronal cells.Methods The PC 12 ceils culturedin vitro were divided into 6 groups:(1)control group,cultured in normal DMEM complete nutrient liquidmedium;(2)NMDA group,cultured in DMEM containing 400 μmol·L~(-1) NMDA;(3)-(6)lidocaine group,cultured in DMEM medium containing 400 μmol L~(-1) NMDA and 10,10~2,10~3 or 10~4 μmol·L~(-1) lidocaine.After 5day incubation,the cell cycle progression was analysed using a flow cytometer.The percentage of cells in S-phase(S-phase fraction,SPF)was determined and proliferation activity(cells in S+G_2 phase/cells in M-phase)wascalculated.Results NMDA 400 μmol·L~(-1) significantly decreased the SPF of PC12 cells in group 2 compared tocontrol group,and proliferation activity(S+G_2 phase/M-phase)was also significantly reduced(P0.05).TheSPF of PC12 cells in group 4 and 5(10~2 and 10~3 μmol·L~(-1) lidocaine)was significantly higher than that in group 2(P0.05)and was not significantly different from that in control group(P0.05).The SPF of PC12 cell ingroup 3 and 6(10 and 10~4 μmol·L~(-1) lidocaine)was also significantly higher than that in NMDA group butsignificantly lower than that in control group.Conclusion NMDA inhibits proliferation of PC12 cells whilelidocaine can antagonize the inhibitory effect of NMDA and promotes proliferation and differentiation of centralneuronal cells.


Objective: Exercise induced ischemia or heart rate acceleration may unmask late potentials or provoke functional changes, which might be important factors to improve the low positive predictive value of late potential analysis at rest for postinfarction risk stratification. However, methodological refinements are required to detect late potentials with exercise.


Techniques for phlebography of the leg and pelvic veins in patients with suspected venous thrombosis are described. The methods used are simple, rapidly performed, painless and free of complications.It is suggested that phlebography is a reliable method for demonstrating the presence and extent of venous thrombosis and that treatment based on its use can reduce the recurrence rate of pulmonary embolism while minimizing the longterm complications of surgical treatment.


【Objective】The present experiment was conducted to establish LAMP method for sexing buffalo embryos to provide some references for embryo transfer. 【Method】DNA was extracted from early embryos of buffalo by using chemical lysis and non-thermal lysis methods respectively to compare efficiency of different methods for amplifying G3 PDH gene.Then based on SRY gene and 12 S r RNA gene, the male-specific primer and common primer of male and female were designed to identify embryos sex by using LAMP method. Meanwhile the results of embryo sexing by using LAMP method were verified by using PCR method. 【Result 】The results showed that chemical lysis was the best method for cracking embryonic DNA, and its effective detectable rate was 94.1%. The optimized LAMP method's accuracy and detectable rate were all 100.0% in sex identification, and its sensltivity was 2 ×10-5ng. In addition, after adding 1% SYBR green I to amplification products of LAMP, under ultraviolet light, the positive samples were found to be green, and the negative samples were found to be faint yellow; under natural light, the positive samples were found to be yellow, and the negative samples were found to be orange. The sexes of 37 IVF early embryoes were identified, the identification results showed that there were 28 males and 9 females. Furthermore, the identification result of PCR method was consistent with that of LAMP method. 【Conclusion】The DNA of buffalo embryos is extracted using chemical lyses method, and the sex of embryo can be identified effectively by using LAMP method, after designing primers based on SRY gene and 12 S r RNA gene,therefore, which is a workable method for sex identification.


Background: We evaluated the effect of phosphoric acid etching on microleakage of two current self-etching adhesives on enamel margins in comparison to a conventional total- etch system. Methods: Sixty buccal class V cavities were made at the cemento-enamel junction with beveled enamel margins of extracted human premolar teeth and randomly divided into five groups (12 specimens in each group). Group 1 was applying with Clearfil SE bond, Group 2 with 35% phosphoric acid etching of enamel margins plus Clearfil SE bond, Group3 with I bond, Group 4 with 35% phosphoric acid etching of enamel margins plus I bond and Group5 with Scotchbond multi-purpose. All groups restored with a composite resins. After 24 hours storage with 100% humidity, the samples were thermocycled, immersed in a dye solution and sectioned buccoligually and enamel margins microleakage were evaluated on a scale of 0 to 2. Results: The differences between Groups 1 & 3 and Groups 3 & 4 were significant (P<0.05) but no significant differences between Groups1 & 2 or 1 & 5 were observed. Conclusion: The findings suggest that all-in-one adhesive systems need pre-etching enamel margins with phosphoric acid for effectively seal.


Depressionis characterized as a subjective diagnosisp sychopathology, in orderto cause changes in the individual affected with cognitive evidence. Therefore, the aim of this study was to promote the tracing of traces ofdepressivesymptoms in theelderlybelongingtotwodifferent social institutions in the interior of Ceará. The sample consistedof 105 elderlypeople, withanaverage age of 65 years or more. The firstcollectiontookplace in March 2015 toFebruary 2016, the second in June 2017 to August of the sameyear. At thefirstinstitution, 15.1% had no trace, 15.1% had traces, and 69.8% already fit the occurrence of advanced depressive symptoms. In thesecond, 36.5% had no traces, 23.1% had mildtomoderate and 40.4 already had symptoms of depression. Given the facts, there were greater traces in the Referenceand Social Assistance Center andsymptomatology in the Basic Health Unit.


A 3-D spectral/spatial DFT represents an image region using a dense sampling in the frequency domain. An alternative approach is to represent a 3-D DFT by its projection onto a set of functions that capture specific orientation, scale, and spectral attributes of the image data. For this purpose, we have developed a new model for spectral/spatial information in images based on three-dimensional Gabor filters. This model achieves optimal joint localization in space and frequency and provides an efficient means of sampling a three-dimensional frequency domain representation of HSI data. Since 3-D Gabor filters allow for a large number of spectral/spatial quantities to be used to represent an image region, the performance and efficiency of algorithms that use this representation can be improved if methods are available to reduce the dimensionality of the model. Thus, we have derived methods for selecting filters that emphasize the most significant spectral/spatial differences between the various classes in a scene. We demonstrate the utility of the new model for region classification in AVIRIS data.


The article intends to describe the distinctive elements and challenges of a Pentecostal hermeneutics of experience, consisting of charismatic encounters with the Spirit that condition and determine both classical Pentecostals' spirituality and hermeneutics. The research is based on a comparative literature study and auto-ethnographical observations. The findings include that Pentecostals hold to a 'high view' of the Bible (like most conservative Protestants), but their ethos includes and emphasises the experiential. Their experiences form their pre-understanding (Vorverstandnis). At the same time, they expect the Spirit to generate insights that apply the text to their context. Thus, although they accept traditional hermeneutical principles, they also interpret the text from their charismatic experiences and the affections accompanying it. The distinctive of the hermeneutics of experience is that Pentecostals rely on the Spirit's revelation in the reading process because of the expectation to experience direct divine revelations and the miraculous as in biblical times. The result is that it subjects the formulation of doctrine to the experiential because it bases its epistemology on an intimate relationship with God through Christ, and not on knowledge acquired by rational means. The challenge is that it may lead to individualist and subjectivist (and at times, far-fetched) (mis)interpretation of texts. Contribution: The article concludes that the collectivist control of the individual interpretation of texts alone can safeguard the faith community, as in the practice of the interpretation of tongues and prophecy.


Objective: To contrast the pulse tracings and pulse parameters of the patients of adiposis hepatica with those of health adults,and to investigate the variance of them between patients and health adults,so as to provide objectified evidence for early intervention of adiposis hepatica and study of pulse condition.Method: The pulse tracings distribution of 209 cases with adiposis hepatica and their pulse parameters were analyzed with TD-III TCM electro-pulsograph.So were 203 cases′ of health adults.The pulse parameters included h1,h3,h4,h5,h3/h1 and h5/h1.Result: In treatment group wiry pulse and slippery pulse showed up more,and in control group wiry pulse and normal pulse showed up mainly.The pulse parameters h1,h3,h4 and h3/h1 were more in treatment group than in control group,but h5 and h5/h1 were less in treatment group than in control group.There was significant difference between the two groups.Conclusion: The patients of adiposis hepatica have wiry pulse and slippery pulse mainly,and sluggish pulse,tout and rolling pulse and thready pulse also showed up.Regularly checking up pulse tracings and doing some things can help to prevent people from adiposis hepatica early.


This article introduces a kind of special private school in America——individual school.The article not only provides the latest data of its dovelopment in America,but also studies the characteristic and experiences of the operation of this kind of school from the two views (teacher and student),which it enlightens the sponsors is that among the factors which influence the success of school,to promote the satisfaction to the teachers and to satisfy the students and their parents are the hinge.


The purpose of this study was to examine resilience and empathy on the relation between humanity and friendship of the early adolescents using structural equation modeling. The subjects were total 332 students of the 5th and 6th grade in elementary school and 1st and 2nd grade in junior school. The data were collected by means of the self-report questionnaire. The results of this study were as follows: Firstly, the direct effect of humanity on resilience, empathy, and friendship was found. Resilience also influence friendship directly, but empathy did not affect friendship. Secondly, humanity had influence on friendship partially mediated by resilience, but not mediated by empathy. This result shows that resilience was better mediated between humanity and friendship than empathy. Additionally, sex differences were found on empathy, but the differences were not found on resilience. The results revealed that the adolescents who scored high on humanity were better at friendship and when the higher humanity score was, the higher level of resilience was found, and this had an indirect effect on friendship quality.


When heated in hexamethylphosphoric triamide at 80–90°C, preferably in the presence of copper(I) iodide, moderately activated iodoarenes undergo nucleophilic attack by benzenetellurolate ion, giving the corresponding unsymmetrical diaryl tellurides in fair to good yields.


Bronchiolitis is a common infection of lower respiratory tract in infants, which is characterized by wheezing. The research on the immunological changes of bronchiolitis would contribute to a better understanding of the mechanism of the development from bronchiolitis to asthma. Th1/Th2 imbalance exists in children of bronchiolitis with immunological changes. Adjusting Th1/Th2 balance could be a new strategy for the treatment of bronchiolitis.

Key words:
Bronchiolitis; Th1 cell; Th2 cell; Cytokine; Immunotherapy


In this paper, the energy spectrum of the two-photon Jaynes—Cummings model (TPJCM) is calculated exactly in the non-rotating wave approximation (non-RWA), and we study the level-crossing problem by means of fidelity. A narrow peak of the fidelity is observed at the level-crossing point, which does not appear at the avoided-crossing point. Therefore fidelity is perfectly suited for detecting the level-crossing point in the energy spectrum.


Increasing evidence has suggested a link between cerebrovascular disease and the cognitive impairment of patients with Alzheimer's disease. However, cerebrovascular disease and Alzheimer's disease share several risk factors making it unclear whether cerebrovascular deficiency and Alzheimer's disease pathology have additive effects on cognition or if cerebrovascular impairment merely exacerbates existing Alzheimer's disease-associated cognitive decline. Additionally, early-stage Alzheimer's disease typically involves hippocampal atrophy, complicating most efforts to elucidate the interplay between cerebral microvascular function and Alzheimer's disease progression due to the necessity of probing deep-brain structures. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the use of ultrasound localization microscopy on the 5xFAD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (3-month and 6-month-old cohorts) in comparison to age-matched wild-type controls, revealing microvascular scale reconstructions throughout the whole brain depth, to visualize and quantify Alzheimer's disease-associated vascular impairments. We found that functional decreases in hippocampal and entorhinal flow velocity preceded structural derangements in regional vascular density. In addition to providing global vascular quantifications of deep brain structures with a high local resolution, this technology also permitted hierarchical analysis of individual vessels and, in some cases, potentially allowed for decoupling of arteriole and venous flow contributions. Co-registered histological sectioning confirmed the regionalized hypo-perfusion deficits seen on ultrasound imaging, which were co-localized with amyloid beta plaque deposition. Significance statement The study of the impact of cerebrovascular disease on Alzheimer's disease pathology is complicated by the need to image deep-brain structures with high vascular fidelity. We demonstrate that ultrasound localization microscopy, a super-resolution acoustic imaging technique, is capable of imaging cerebrovasculature throughout the entire depth of the brain at a microvascular scale. This technology was applied to the 5xFAD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease, where it was found that 5xFAD animals have significant impairments in vascular function in the entorhinal cortex and hippocampal region in comparison to age matched controls at the 3-month timepoint. Structural derangements in cerebrovasculature were only observed in the 6-month-old animal cohorts, with a maintained impairment in vascular function.


The design and construction of an OTEC plant slated to produce electricity for commercial consumption in the near future presents a number of unique problems and is forcing the advancement of the state of the art in ocean structures in a number of fields. The successful deployment of a commercially viable OTEC plant is dependent upon identifying these technology areas and developing a program to insure that any potential program obstacles are adequately addressed.


Stone columns are frequently employed to improve the bearing capacity of soft soils, to reduce settlements, and to increase the speed of consolidation. Their behaviour depends on several factors, such as the density of the aggregate that forms the column and the area replacement ratio. This paper presents a study of the influence of the density of the gravel forming the columns on the deformation and stresses around end-bearing stone columns installed in soft soils. For this purpose, the behaviour of a horizontal slice of a unit cell has been analyzed by small-scale laboratory tests performed in a Rowe–Barden cell. Tests have been performed with a gravel relative density of Dr = 30% and with two area replacement ratios. Their results have been analyzed along with those from similar tests performed with a gravel density of Dr = 100%. The study is focused on the soil–column stress concentration ratio and the reduction of settlements. Finally, the experimental results are compared with numerical simulations....


The content of flavones in the extract of Panpax notoginseng was measured and the species of flavones were identified. The results showed that 75% ethanol was an appropriate solvent for extracting flavones from Panpax notoginseng. It was found that there was 0.015mg/mL of flavones in the extract measured on the base of rutin as standard sample. With color reaction, it was identified that the species of flavones in the extract were flavanones.


This paper analyzes the current situations of pharmacy division in colleges and universities and the existed problems in actuality.In order to strengthen and improve the management of pharmacy division in colleges and universities,leadership must be first strengthened.Second,the quality of medical workers,especially the staff of pharmacy division must be improved.Finally,the sales and purchases and supervision of quality must be strictly implemented.


This article takes the ceramic art of the Wei and Jin as the research object. Study found that Ceramic Art during these periods Which have aesthetic characteristics of the "realism" and "symbolism", perform in Artifacts morphology, material, social attitudes, religious rituals and other aspects,that is the authentic imitation of the natural world and social status. The integration of" realism"and" symbolism"also reflects the unique artistic spirit and aesthetic experience of these periods.


As part of the application of optimal control to smart façade systems (SFS) with motorized Venetian blinds inside the glass enclosed cavity, we investigate the rapid determination of daylighting quantity and quality obtainable from these systems. This paper proposes a set of daylight performance indicators to assess smart façades or similar systems, and discusses real-time daylighting optmization. INTRODUCTION Since the 1950's onwards, the theory of daylighting propagation through blind systems has been extensively studied. Early studies (Parmelee et al [1952, 1953], Nicol [1966]) have been focused on studying parametric characteristics by using simple analytical methods. In the 1990s, due to the awareness of potential benefits of the blind systems in 'smart' facades and the implacability of complex theoretical models, many researchers shifted to experimental studies, resulting in the establishment of luminous transmittance curves for a discrete set of azimuth and louver angles (DiBartolomeo [1997], Lee [1995, 1998], Breitenbach [2001]). In works done by DiBartolomeo (1997) and Lee (1995, 1998), the lighting energy consumption and peak cooling load were measured when sky conditions and stationary louver angles (set at 0°, 15°, and 45°) were recorded. A more comprehensive experimental study done by Breitenbach (2001) also resulted in the establishment of luminous transmittance curves as a function of a discrete set of azimuth and louver angles. These experimental studies were aimed at generating a full set of data points, or sometimes a simplified model (based on such a set), for incorporation into the thermal simulation programs. What is lacking thus far is a comprehensive procedure to determine quantitative and qualitative luminous characteristics of blind systems at any time in a given condition, e.g. the luminous intensity distribution, total lumens entering the space, window surface luminance, total area of over-lit surface in the space, etc. More recently, owing to fast proliferation of computing power, physically-based programs (RADIANCE, LIGHTSCAPE) and computingintensive techniques (ray tracing, radiosity) have been applied to simulate advanced daylighting systems such as blinds, prismatic reflectors, light shelves and complex shaped internal spaces (Moeck 1998). But, because of prohibitively long simulation times, these techniques are usually not suited to be incorporated in on-line real-time optimal control systems that require instantaneous prediction of indoor daylight distribution. For these reasons, this study applies pre-simulations with RADIANCE for a typical, rectangular, office space that has a south facing smart façade, and results are consequently analyzed and processed to generate a simple algorithm to predict indoor daylight distribution. It is then described how such an algorithm is employed in real-time computation for optimal control actions. DAYLIGHTING SIMULATION MODEL In order to keep the number of variables within bounds, the daylighting prediction model was developed for a specific reference office space and an attached reference façade system. The reference office to be used for daylighting simulations is shown in Figure 1: it is a rectangular space of 3m high, 4m wide and 6m deep. The south facing smart façade unit is 2.8m high and 3.8m wide. The window sill is 0.2m. The reflectance of ceiling, wall, floor and exterior ground is 0.8, 0.5, 0.2, and 0.2, respectively. These reflectance values are generally accepted as recommended by IESNA (2001) for office design. Eighth International IBPSA Conference Eindhoven, Netherlands August 11-14, 2003


Scattering of the anisotropic radiation field by atoms and molecules gives rise to the so-called second solar spectrum (the linearly polarized spectrum of the Sun). The partial frequency redistribution (PRD) in line scattering is essential for interpreting the observed linear polarization in strong resonance lines. This polarization is particularly sensitive to the form of the PRD function used in the polarized line transfer equation. For practical applications in astrophysical line formation theory, the angle-averaged PRD functions are commonly used in the literature. This is because the use of angle-dependent PRD complicates the radiative transfer problem both analytically and numerically. In this talk we present our work on polarized line formation with angle-dependent PRD. We discuss techniques developed to handle the angle-dependent PRD functions and the numerical methods to solve the concerned polarized transfer equation. We show that the angle-dependent effects are somewhat less important for scattering polarization in the absence of magnetic fields, while they play an important role for line polarization in the presence of magnetic fields.


A field experiment was conducted during 2012–13 and 2013–14 to study the effect of different soil moisture regimes and sources of nutrients on growth indices i.e. plant height, dry matter accumulation, absolute growth rate (AGR), crop growth rate (CGR), relative growth rate (RGR) and nutrient uptake of wheat + chickpea intercropping system on a silty clay loam soil of Palampur. Results of the study showed that irrigated condition increased the growth indices and nutrient uptake of wheat and chickpea over rainfed condition. Integrated nutrient management (INM) recorded the highest growth indices and nutrient uptake of wheat. However, in chickpea, organic nutrient management being statistically at par with INM resulted in higher growth indices and nutrient uptake. The best agronomic practices for higher productivity of wheat + chickpea intercropping system were irrigated condition and INM.


This book examines the process through which the mantle of leadership passed from one leader to another in Botswana. It concerns the succession to high office in Botswana over the course of more than half a century from the colonial time to the present. Three case studies explore the relationship between the British colonial authorities and the tribal leaders in affirming the legitimacy of the tribal chiefs of the Bangwato tribe in the former Bechuanaland protectorate. The studies examine the succession crises of the Bangwato first in 1925 and again between 1948 to 1953 and the political changes from the Botswana National Archives contained in the appendices fully support the text.


CLINICAL CASE
A 58-year-old woman with intraocular relapse of a diffuse large B cell lymphoma. Weekly intravitreal rituximab (1 mg/0.1 ml) for 4 weeks were  administered. 12 months after the last intravitreal rituximab dose, signs and  symptoms of lymphomas or adverse reactions associated with intravitreal Rituximab  administration were not observed.

DISCUSSION
Intravitreal rituximab is an effective and safe treatment of intravitreal  lymphoma, by inducing complete remission; it could be a good alternative to other  therapeutic options with greater number of serious complications.


Despite the tough circumstances and competitiveness of shops with permanent structures, it is acknowledged that street enterprise could play a vital role in alleviating poverty across the globe. Formal organizations recognize this possibility and are strategically incorporating informal organizations into their selling operations. The broad objective of this study was to examine the effect of street trade on small and medium enterprises performance with a specific focus on the operators in Ilorin metropolis. Therefore, the study's specific objectives were to: determine the relationship between street entrepreneurship transformative measures and market share of SMEs and evaluate the effect of transformative measures on the transformation of street entrepreneurship into SMEs. Since the study population was large and unknown, Cochran sample size formula was used to determining the sample size of 385. A questionnaire was designed using structured questions to obtain primary data from the respondents in Ilorin metropolis, Kwara State. A total of three hundred and eighty-five (385) copies of the questionnaire were administered, out of which three hundred and sixty-eight (368) copies were properly filled and returned. The formulated hypotheses were tested using multiple regression analysis and correlation with the aid of SPSS version 21. The findings of the study revealed that; the strong positive relationship between street entrepreneurship transformative measures with socio-cultural factor as the highest correlation coefficient of .946, multiple regression analysis established that transformative measures have an effect on the transformation of street entrepreneurship with an R2 value of .987. Hence, the study concluded that all transformative measures of street entrepreneurship have a significant effect on market share and that transformative measures have a significant positive effect on the transformation of street entrepreneurship into SMEs. It was recommended that street entrepreneurs should not underestimate the potential of relationship marketing, which may increase a company's financial performance. Moreover, street entrepreneurial ventures should concentrate on changing their enterprises into SMEs by gaining a deeper understanding, learning skills, and developing a working knowledge of all aspects that may impact their operations and thwart their transformative aims.


An inventive burner comprises diluted combustion, a fuel nozzle for supplying fuel into a combustion chamber, at least one air nozzle for supplying air into a combustion chamber, and at least one oxygen nozzle for supplying oxygen into a combustion chamber. The air nozzle and the oxygen nozzle are arranged spatially separated from each other.