Dynamic capabilities stand for the capacity of intended and purposeful transformation, adjustment as well as the development of the firm's resources and capabilities. Due to their renewal effect on the resource base, they have been considered as essential and tacit firm's energy. This view is developed within the resource theory of strategy, arguably aimed for the better firm's competitive performance in complex operating context. On the other side, corporate reputation is indivisible firm feature that accompanies it in all of its interactions and transactions. Besides, it is a powerful strategic relational resource, able to provide assistance in achieving various goals of the firm. While the relevant literature about both phenomena is ample, their synergic impact on the company performance is lacking. The main challenge of the paper is to seal this important gap by proposing an integrated framework of dynamic capabilities and corporate reputation. In particular, by examining the mediating role of corporate reputation in company's interaction, the reputational capability could be shaped and used for enhancing the firm's sensibility to changes in its operating ecosystem, prior to its competition. This new breed of dynamic capability is designed as a driver of the firm's market and non-market based competitiveness. In order to empirically verify this new mechanism, the research results conducted in Croatia are presented. The model is designed as generic in nature and therefore is suitable for applying to other intangible assets and dynamic capabilities interaction analysis.


(57) ABSTRACT Provided are a testingapparatus and method using a test Script in a mobile communication terminal. The testing method includes receiving a test scenario to be tested: loading the test Script according to the test scenario, performing a test based on the test Script, generating a test oracle during the test; and comparing the generated test oracle with the test Script to determine test Success or failure.


ABSTRACT Chronic low back pain is a common pathology, both in everyday life and in sports also. It impairs daily comfort, quality of life, and physical activity - for amateurs, and professionals. Doctors, physiotherapists, fitness trainers, psychologists, and others see into this issue. The causes of chronic low back pain can be mechanical, biochemical, and psycho-emotional. In 95% of cases, the cause is myofascial structures (Malanga, Cruz, Colon, 2010). A meta-analysis that looks through the treatment of this type of pain indicates exercise as a mandatory tool to address this problem. Specifying the type of motor activity is a condition for managing the pain. (Shipton, 2018) The aim of the study was to establish characteristic pathobiomechanical patterns in the mobility of the spine in patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain. Methodology: A cohort study of 60 patients who complained of chronic nonspecific low back pain was performed. The indicators on which they were studied are the measurement of the mobility of the thoracic spine according to Ott, and the measurement of the mobility of the lumbar spine according to Schober. The relationship between the change in mobility in the different parts of the spine and the presence of chronic pain was studied. Conclusion: The results of the study showed statistically significant data that the change(alternate) in the mobility of each of the sections in the spinal column leads to an increase or decrease in mobility in the adjacent parts. In this study, in 2/3 of cases with chronic non-specific low back pain, there is an increase in the mobility of the lumbar region, which leads to instability and overwhelming of soft tissues in the area, and this leads to pain.


................................................................................................................ II TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................... III LIST OF FIGURES ...................................................................................................... V LIST OF TABLES ....................................................................................................... VI CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................... 7 CHAPTER 2: BACKGROUND ....................................................................................... 9 RADIOACTIVITY ..................................................................................................... 9 Types of Radiation ................................................................................................................ 10 Alpha Radiation ................................................................................................................ 11 Beta Radiation .................................................................................................................. 11 Gamma Radiation ............................................................................................................. 11 Other Forms of Radiation ................................................................................................. 12 Uses for Radiation................................................................................................................. 12 RADIOACTIVE WASTE ..........................................................................................13 Sources of Radioactive Waste .............................................................................................. 13 Classification of Radioactive Waste ..................................................................................... 14 High-Level Radioactive Waste (HLW).............................................................................. 14 Low-Level Radioactive Waste (LLW) ............................................................................... 14 Mill Tailings and Transuranics ........................................................................................ 15 STORAGE, TRANSPORT AND DISPOSAL OF RADIOACTIVE WASTE .....................15 Short-Term Storage ............................................................................................................... 15 Transportation ....................................................................................................................... 16 Long-Term Storage ............................................................................................................... 17 Disposal................................................................................................................................. 18 HUMAN HEALTH IMPACTS OF RADIATION ..........................................................19 Methods of Exposure ............................................................................................................ 20 Health Effects........................................................................................................................ 20 Pathways of Exposure ........................................................................................................... 22 Drinking Water Sources .................................................................................................... 22 Regulations on Drinking Waters ....................................................................................... 23 Drinking Water Variances ................................................................................................ 25 SUMMARY .............................................................................................................26 CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY ..................................................................................27 HEALTH EFFECTS OF RADIONUCLIDE-CONTAMINATED DRINKING WATER ....27 NUCLEAR REACTOR LOCATIONS ........................................................................28 COMMUNITY WATER SYSTEMS ...........................................................................29 CORRELATION BETWEEN MCL VIOLATIONS AND CANCER RATES ..................30 CHAPTER 4: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION .................................................................31 EPIDEMIOLOGIC CASE STUDIES ..........................................................................31 Radium .................................................................................................................................. 32 Uranium ................................................................................................................................ 40


Studies were conducted to investigate the role of municipal water and waste treatment on $sup 239$Pu, $sup 240$Pu, and $sup 137$Cs in Lake Michigan. Results show that a far greater quantity of $sup 239$Pu, $sup 240$Pu, and $sup 137$Cs are impinged on the metropolitan area of Chicago than is supplied through the drinking water system. The ratio of $sup 137$Cs/$sup 239$ $sup 240$Pu in Lake Michigan water is 86, while that of the material coming out the filtration plant is 95. The increase in ratio indicates the greater efficiency of removal of Pu over that of Cs. Atmospheric ratios of Cs to Pu are approximately 60, while the ratio in the organic fertilizer is 50. It appears that very little Pu is reaching the public through the drinking water source. (HLW)


ABSTRACT In four experiments, we investigate how the ability to detect irrelevant explanations develops. In Experiments 1 and 2, 4- to 8-year-olds and adults rated different types of explanations about "what makes cars go" individually, in the absence of a direct contrast. Each explanation was true and relevant (e.g., "Cars have engines that turn gasoline into power"), true and irrelevant (e.g., "Cars have radios that play music"), or a false statement that would be relevant if it were true (e.g., "Cars have rockets that speed them up"). Participants of all ages spontaneously indicated that false explanations were less helpful than relevant explanations. However, there was a developmental shift for irrelevant explanations: 4-year-olds only detected irrelevant explanations that did not involve internal features of cars (e.g., "Cars have parking lots that they park in"). Crucially, this shift between age 4 and 5 cannot be explained by 4-year-olds' lack of knowledge since 4-year-olds correctly indicated that relevant explanations were more helpful than irrelevant feature explanations when given a direct contrast in Experiment 3. These results are further clarified in Experiment 4, in which we provided a different explanatory goal ("where to find cars") and found that even young children have a nuanced understanding of explanatory relevance that is sensitive to differing explanatory goals. Together, these four experiments suggest an early-emerging ability to understand relevance, but a shift between age 4 and 5 in the ability to spontaneously use this understanding when evaluating individual explanations in isolation.


The angular correlation curve for ReO 3 , which is a little broader than that for WO 3 , was compared with the results of some model calculations. As the annihilation rates suggest that ReO 3 is ionic as WO 3 is, the wavefunction of 2p electrons is considered to extend more outwards in ReO 3 than in WO 3 .


Direct to the phenomena that the stove chamber protective device acting,the powder-feeder and draught-engine power cutting off,the fuel-oil electromagnetic breaking,the continuous signals are desingned.When the fire-extinguishing protective device of the stove chamber work,the signal of cutting of the powder-feeder and draught engine power and fuel-oil electromagetic valve will be send out.


Abstract In external radiation-beam therapy it is difficult to calculate the dose to a point when the treatment beam passes through air-containing tissue. Of two approaches used to correct for the effects of tissue heterogeneity, one determines the water-equivalent thickness that the x-ray beam passes through; the other measures the dose to particular points in a patient directly. The dose delivered to the esophagus during radiation therapy of the upper chest was measured by inserting a catheter containing LiF rods into the esophagus, and the measured dose agreed with the dose calculated using the determined water-equivalent thickness of the patient.


Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis is a serious complication of cirrhotic ascites, arising most frequently in those with advanced liver disease. Its development leads to a further reduction in the effective arterial blood volume, and it has a mortality rate equivalent to that of a variceal bleed. However, problems remain with regard to the identification and optimal treatment of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Several important studies and consensus documents on the condition have recently been published which aid in the identification of patients at risk and help to guide therapy.


In recent years, the question of the use of modern technologies in the educational process has been increasingly raised. The most important condition for improving the quality of foreign language education in non-linguistic universities in Uzbekistan in the conditions of heterogeneity of educational groups is the implementation of a differentiated approach to learning and the use of modern methodological tools in the form of interactive educational technologies. These are not only new technical means but also new forms and methods of teaching, a new approach to learning. The main goal that we set for ourselves, using modern technologies in the study of a foreign language, is to show how technologies can be effectively used to improve the quality of teaching a foreign language to students, to form and develop their communicative culture, to master practical knowledge of a foreign language.


In case of auditing of the information system development project applying agile methodology, it is not appropriate to carry out a comprehensive check on the establishment of information system with only the existing check on software. This study considers the characteristics of the agile methodology in terms of Information System Auditing. To improve inspection quality of development project with agile methodology by deriving detailed check items of test activities at each stage, this study proposes a strategy to improve the check on software for the test activities of the supervisory model that is suitable for agile methodology, which emphasizes repetitive work.


The application of additive manufacturing for production efficiency in industry is needed to produce a minimum cost burden, especially in the health sector. 3D scanning measurement using Intel RealSense camera with RGB-D camera type is used to measure the arm dimension of the patient to carry out the concept of additive manufacturing. This study was conducted based on anthropometric measurement data on a group of respondents who are samples of part of a population with certain conditions. In the upper limbs of humans, there are several points that become references in anthropometric measurements. The digital measurement tools used in this research are the Intel RealSense D435i RGB-D camera and the Intel RealSense SR300 coded light-based 3D system sense scanner. The results of the 3D scan are reconstructed with the stages of feature extraction, feature matching, registration, loop closure detection, pose graph optimization, and meshing. The results of 3D data processing conclude the camera that has an advantage in terms of good scanning results is the System Sense 3D Scanner with smaller error results compared to the Intel RealSense D435i depth camera.


Objective: To study the clinical effect of integrated T CM and WM treatment for infertile patients with refractory polycystic ovarian syndrome. Method: 35 Patients in treatment group were given integrated TCM and WM treatment, another 33 patients in control group were administered conventional western medicine. Results: The total effective rates in the treatment group and the control group were 94.28% and 66.67% respectively, and the difference was statistically significant(P0.05). The ovulation rate, pregnancy rate and abortion rate of the treatment group were 91.43%, 85.71% and 2.86% respectively, while the figures in the control group stood 57.58%,36.36% and 9.09%. By comparison, the difference of the ovulation rates and pregnancy rates between the two groups were statistically significant(P0.05), while the difference of the abortion rates between the two group showed no statistical significance(P0.05).Conclusion: Infertility induced by refractory polycystic ovarian syndrome treated integrated TCM and WM therapy can achieve satisfactory clinical effect with higher ovulation and pregnancy rate, and the treatment is worth of promotion in clinical practice.


Background: Adolescence is a period of a child turned into an adult. Adolescence women two yearsearlier than men. Data pornography, the adolescent is a large population than the population of theword. WHO and some other word body called on all countries of Southeast Asia to provide itscommitment to observe and protect the needs of adolescents and information, skills, service, and safeenvironment and supportive of essential reproductive health. The reproductive period in the life of awoman who started from menarche until menopause occurs. The menstrual period they aresometimes accompanied by disturbances such as premenstrual syndrome (PMS). It is estimated that80-10% of women do not have PMS, and approximately 25-40% have PMS. Most women experiencePMS symptoms in a long period. The symptoms are of an emotional outburst in the form of anger,high sensitivity, sad, lonely, until the desire to commit suicide. Is research target is to know therelation of between level of knowledge of syndrome premenstrual with the handling of syndromepremenstrual of at adolescent of age 12-15 year in SMP PGRI Bantul.Methods: The study was observational analytic with the cross-sectional approach. The samples wereall students SMP PGRI Bantul amounting to 138 students and measuring the level of knowledge andhandling of premenstrual syndrome using questioner. Analysis of data used univariate and bivariateanalysis with chi-square. Result: There was a relationship between the level of knowledge about premenstrual syndrome withthe handling of premenstrual syndrome in adolescents age 12-15 years in the SMP PGRI Bantul withthe value of P=0,000. Conclusion: There was a relationship between the level of knowledge about premenstrual syndromewith the handling of premenstrual syndrome treatment. Key words: level of knowledge, premenstrual syndrome, adolescent


Inceptisol can be considered as land that has great potential to be used in support the agricultural production in Indonesia because inceptisol has a large area. Inceptisol generally have a high level of soil acidity and low nutrient content, especially the availability of P and total K. The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of vermicompost application in some soil chemical properties on inceptisol.
The research was conducted at Greenhouse, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Sriwijaya from December 2015 until March 2016. The material used in this research is inceptisol, vermicompost made from goat manure, cow manure and chicken manure, water and materials analysis of soil chemical properties. This research uses a completely randomized design factorial of two factors. The first factor is the type of material treatment vermicompost (P) is P1 = vermicompost made from goat manure, P2 = vermicompost made from cow manure and P3 = vermicompost made from chicken manure. The second factor is the dose vermicompost treatment (D) is D0 = 0% vermicompost, D1 = 2.5% vermicompost, D2 = 5% vermicompost and vermicompost D3 = 7.5%. The parameters observed in this research is soil pH, soil organic carbon, total N, available P and exchangeable K.
The results of this reasearch showed that application of vermicompost very significatly effect on changes in soil pH, soil organic carbon, available P and exchangeable K. The interaction between factors material types of vermicompost and doses of vermicompost very significatly effect on change the availability of P in the soil and significantly effect on change in exchangeable K.


1) To compare laryngeal diagnoses from general medical providers (GMP) to otolaryngologists following GMP‐based medication trial, and 2) to evaluate associations between GMP medication trials and pharmacologic treatment by otolaryngologists.


Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effect of the transpedicular screw fixation combined with interbody fusion by simply auto iliac bone grafting in lumbar spinal instability Methods Twenty-seven patients of lumbar spinal instability were treated with these procedures. The instability segments were at the L3,4,L4,5 and L3S1 levels respectively. The indication for fusion surgery is mainly based on the clinical manifestation and the radiographs abnormal findings consistent with the clinical presentations. Results All the patients were followed-up from 10 to 44 months with an average of 21.9 months, among them, no neurological deterioration occurred except one case with temporarily stretching of the nerve roots; the patients informed that their back and limb pain had completely recovered or markedly diminished. Conclusion The transpedicular screw systems combined with interbody fusion by simply auto iliac bone grafting can provide suitable biome-chanical environment facilitating the interbody solid fusion. Higher fusion rates and good outcome can be achieved;meanwhile, this method is less costly than the transpedicular screw systems combined with interbody fusion cages.


A linear photodiode array position‐sensitive detector for synchrotron small‐angle x‐ray scattering was constructed by coupling a fiber‐optic face plate coated with a thin layer (∼40 μm) of phosphor (Y2O2S:Tb) onto an electrostatically focused, intensified photodiode array detector (EG&G, PARC, Model 1422) originally designed for visible light applications. The x‐ray detector was thoroughly evaluated. It showed excellent linearity of response to the incident x‐ray intensity (less than 1%), stable pixel uniformity (an average of ±5%), good spatial linearity (±1 per 100 pixels), and a net gain of ∼17 counts/x‐ray photon at 8 keV. The detector quantum efficiency was about 1 for a signal‐to‐noise ratio of greater than ∼5%. No damage to individual pixels was found after exposure to a main beam of ∼1010 x‐ray photons/mm2/s. A finite afterglow (≳5 s) was observed for the phosphor inside the intensifier tube. The afterglow that could limit fast time‐resolved experiments could be significantly improved by replacing the present intensifier with one using a fast‐decay phosphor. The detector usable length could be increased from the present 25 to 50 mm by replacing the fiber‐optic face plate with a 2:1 taper.A linear photodiode array position‐sensitive detector for synchrotron small‐angle x‐ray scattering was constructed by coupling a fiber‐optic face plate coated with a thin layer (∼40 μm) of phosphor (Y2O2S:Tb) onto an electrostatically focused, intensified photodiode array detector (EG&G, PARC, Model 1422) originally designed for visible light applications. The x‐ray detector was thoroughly evaluated. It showed excellent linearity of response to the incident x‐ray intensity (less than 1%), stable pixel uniformity (an average of ±5%), good spatial linearity (±1 per 100 pixels), and a net gain of ∼17 counts/x‐ray photon at 8 keV. The detector quantum efficiency was about 1 for a signal‐to‐noise ratio of greater than ∼5%. No damage to individual pixels was found after exposure to a main beam of ∼1010 x‐ray photons/mm2/s. A finite afterglow (≳5 s) was observed for the phosphor inside the intensifier tube. The afterglow that could limit fast time‐resolved experiments could be significantly improved by replacing...


To survive and prosper, organizations must reconcile stability, reliability, and exploitation with change, innovation, and exploration. These imperatives and the mechanisms that support them are generally seen as incompatible and mutually exclusive. I present an alternative: a duality view in which stability and change are fundamentally interdependent—contradictory but also mutually enabling. This view revisits several enduring ideas about stability and change and offers theoretical and pragmatic opportunities to dissolve and transcend their paradoxical relationship.


An explicit‐dynamics spatially discontinuous Galerkin (DG) formulation for non‐linear solid dynamics is proposed and implemented for parallel computation. DG methods have particular appeal in problems involving complex material response, e.g. non‐local behavior and failure, as, even in the presence of discontinuities, they provide a rigorous means of ensuring both consistency and stability. In the proposed method, these are guaranteed: the former by the use of average numerical fluxes and the latter by the introduction of appropriate quadratic terms in the weak formulation. The semi‐discrete system of ordinary differential equations is integrated in time using a conventional second‐order central‐difference explicit scheme. A stability criterion for the time integration algorithm, accounting for the influence of the DG discretization stability, is derived for the equivalent linearized system. This approach naturally lends itself to efficient parallel implementation. The resulting DG computational framework is implemented in three dimensions via specialized interface elements. The versatility, robustness and scalability of the overall computational approach are all demonstrated in problems involving stress‐wave propagation and large plastic deformations. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


An attempt has been made to utilize the unmetamorphosed minerals in the Gunflint formation where it is undeformed in the north limb of the Huronian geosyncline to obtain a value for the age of sedimentation of the Animikie. K-Ar and Rb-Sr age measurements on material that is dominantly $$lM_{d}$$ mixed-layer illite-montmorillonite yield a minimum age value of 1,600 million years. The true value after applying an empirical correction developed in tests on this material elsewhere is given as 1,900 ± 200 million years, in which the error represents reasonably certain limits in the extension of the empirical correction to this case.


This study proposes a data-based strategy for prioritizing sewerage services and developing consumer-centric asset management systems. Sewerage systems are essential infrastructure, but resource-intensive, and governments have faced challenges due to limited budgets and aging facilities. Most countries are still in the early stages of adopting consumer-centric approaches. By using the mixed logit model, this study identified heterogeneous service preferences among consumers based on their priority for physical and social services. Groups who attributed their importance to physical services were more sensitive to sewerage bills; however, those who emphasized social services were more interested in water activity environment improvement and odor intensity reduction. This study also showed that people are willing to pay USD 10 for odor intensity reduction and USD 6 for water activities improvement on average, but those who prioritized sinkhole reduction and flood reduction answered less willingness to pay for each service improvement. Applying these heterogeneous service preferences to service improvement strategies can lead not only to higher consumer satisfaction and lower economic burden, but also to a deeper understanding of residents' willingness to pay for service improvement in certain service preference areas. Therefore, the results contribute to the development of sustainable asset management strategies.


In attempts to design a complete purified diet some observations were made on the rates of weight increase in rats receiving simple basal diets with various supplements. A recent review by Dunn, Murphy & Rockland (1947) on the optimal growth rate of the rat increased our interest in the studies of Zucker, Hall, Young & Zucker (1941 a-c) on the relation of weight to age in the rat and, although the numbers of rats in our groups were small, it appeared to be worth recording their growth performances for the information of others who may be concerned with various problems involved.


Worldwide attention toward the health benefits from soybean saponins has increased and they have also attracted attention in addressing taste characteristics. There are two soybean saponin aglycons: soyasapogenol A (SA), which causes a bitter astringent taste; and DDMP-conjugated soyasapogenol B (SB), which has health benefits. SA-deficient mutant soybean (Tohoku No. 152) that could have better taste was recently developed. However, the mutation site is unknown therefore undesirable components may accumulate and decrease its food value. Soyasapogenols are thought to be synthesized from 2,3 -oxidosqualene through β-amyrin and hydroxylated by cytochrome P450 family enzymes. If the SA-deficiency were caused by enzyme elimination, intermediate components could accumulate in the mutant seeds. We used LC-MS/MS profile analysis to investigate accumulation of SA precursor components in Tohoku No. 152, but none was detected. We deduced that the SA-deficient mutant eliminates the P450 monooxygenase that hydroxylates the C -21 position of the SA precursor component. SA-deficiency resulted in an increase of DDMP-saponin content.


Commercial rhododendron plants have been the most important hosts of Phytophthora ramorum in Europe. As part of the European Union (EU) emergency phytosanitary measures 2002/757/EU and 2004/426/EU all commercial rhododendron-growing premises are surveyed for P. ramorum. Detection of P. ramorum leads to quarantine measures, including destruction of plants, and could lead to considerable financial damage for the companies involved. Growers are taking all possible measures to avoid P. ramorum, including preventive fungicide treatments. However, because little information is available on the effect of the different oomycete fungicides on P. ramorum, there is a danger of conducting sub-optimal protective fungicide treatments. The objective of this research was to evaluate the efficacy of different oomycete fungicides against P. ramorum. Active ingredients from most of the oomycete fungicides on the Belgian market were screened for their in vitro effect on the mycelial growth of four P. ramorum isolates. Based on the results from the in vitro experiments, a selection of these fungicides was tested against P. ramorum on rhododendron plants. Application time and application method were included as variables. A wide range of in vitro fungicide activity was observed. Metalaxyl, dimethomorph, and benthiavalicarb-isopropyl showed complete inhibition of mycelial growth at 1 µg ml -1 or less. Cymoxanil, etridiazole, and mancozeb caused complete growth inhibition at 1 to 100 µg ml -1 . Chlorothalonil, Cuoxychloride, famoxadone, fluazinam, and cyazofamid did not completely inhibit growth at 100 µg ml -1 . Fosetyl-Al and propamocarb did not cause growth inhibition at 100 µg ml -1 . Fungicide effects were independent of the strain of P. ramorum used, except for one strain, which showed a decreased sensitivity to metalaxyl. A subset of the fungicides was tested on plants. Overall, fungicides that performed best on plants were metalaxyl, cyazofamid, and benthiavalicarb-isopropyl. Dimethomorph and fosetyl-Al had intermediate effects. Cymoxanil and mancozeb were the least effective of the products tested. Protective effects were best 1 A version of this paper was presented at the Sudden Oak Death Second Science Symposium:


This paper presents a unified moral hazard framework with renegotiation and anticipated managerial turnover for examining incentive dynamics given correlated performance measures and long-term actions which is applicable to CEO turnover studies and related work on the "horizon problem". The main contribution is an explicit solution for the dynamic agency with short-term contracts and a proof of its equivalence to the renegotiation-proof contract. The results present an alternative to performancerelated turnover explanations of incentive dynamics and extend the work done with career concerns models by considering general performance measures and long-term actions. The main effects identified in the optimal contracts are: a learning effect, and a horizon effect consisting of risk and incentive externalities. Both an inverted U shape of managerial performance over a manager's tenure and V shaped performance around managerial turnover are consistent with negatively correlated accounting-based performance measures and long-term actions.


How Does Your Data Center Measure Up? Energy Efficiency Metrics and Benchmarks for Data Center Infrastructure Systems Paul Mathew, Ph.D., Staff Scientist Steve Greenberg, P.E., Energy Management Engineer Srirupa Ganguly, Research Associate Dale Sartor, P.E., Applications Team Leader William Tschudi, P.E., Program manager Environmental Energy Technologies Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory April 2009


Advancements in algorithms hold promise to better operations by improving users' decision-making. However, humans may exhibit so-called "algorithm aversion," which would be a barrier to achieving such improvements. Using the bolus calculator (algorithm) use behavior in over 306,000 bolus insulin decisions from a field experiment on Type 1 Diabetes self-management (Aleppo et al. 2017), we contribute field analysis to identify drivers of algorithm use. We first focus on an influential experimental finding from Dietvorst et al. (2015) that we refer to as dynamic algorithm aversion – an asymmetric usage response to performance feedback that favors humans over the algorithm. Using panel data models, we reject this hypothesis, instead finding an asymmetric usage response in favor of the algorithm over the human. Moreover, we find that previous algorithm use strongly predicts future algorithm use, and that algorithm use declines from morning to evening. We explore three additional factors that affect algorithm use: one's need to be precise, deviations from algorithm recommendations, and exposure to multiple, potentially conflicting algorithm input sources. Using linear probability models, we find that algorithm use increases as one's need for precision increases, and that previous deviations from algorithm recommendations lead to lower future algorithm use. Finally, we leverage an experimental design feature from the original field data with a differences-in-differences analysis to show that increasing the number of measurements provided to the user for a single algorithm input decreases algorithm use. Our field results complement experimental findings and generate new insight into levers that affect algorithm use.


The present invention relates to a novel gene derived from the mud flat metagenome, and relates to a novel protein phospholipase and lipase activity were obtained therefrom exhibit. In particular, from the tidal metagenomic libraries Microorganisms isolated by the novel genes and proteins having phospholipase and lipase activity of the gene encoding the new: expressed in soluble form, thus mass production; by using a Ni -NTA column step purified ultra-high purity can be obtained in a single protein; exhibit good activity in the range of 10 to pH5; maintaining good low-temperature activity and stability at temperatures up to 40 ℃ at 3 ℃; for more and having high resistance to organic solvents. Thus, the new gene and protein may be usefully employed in a plurality of industrial fields, such as purification and conversion of fats and oils, biomedical and fine chemicals. KCTC11942BP 20110524


Filliben (1975) and Looney and Gulledge (1985) developed powerful tests of normality which are conceptually simple and computationally convenient and may be readily extended to testing nonnormal distributional hypotheses. The probability plot correlation coefficient test consists of two widely used tools in water resource engineering: the probability plot and the product moment correlation coefficient. Many water resource applications require powerful hypothesis tests for nonnormal distributions. This technical note develops a new probability plot correlation coefficient test for the Gumbel distribution. Critical points of the test statistic are provided for samples of length 10 to 10,000. Filliben's and Looney and Gulledge's tests were originally developed for testing the normal hypothesis for sample sizes less than 100. Since many water resource research applications require a test of normality for samples of length greater than 100, Filliben's test is extended here for samples of length 100 to 10,000.


The static exciter is dominating among large grid-connected generators due to the weak dynamic performance of conventional brushless exciters. In this contribution, a six-phase double-star outer pole permanent magnet rotating brushless exciter is evaluated with different active rectification topologies. Both thyristor-based and chopper-based topologies are considered. A high speed response brushless excitation system is obtained by replacing the conventional rotating diode bridge rectifier with the proposed active rectification topologies on the shaft. The given two-stage system generates its own excitation power directly from the shaft, contrary to static exciters. The selection of an appropriate rectification topology could minimize the rotor armature phase currents for a given generator field current. The objective is a high-power factor and a high utilization of the exciter machine. An optimal rectification topology makes higher ceiling currents was possible, improving the transient behavior of the synchronous generator. In this paper, we show that six-phase topologies add complexity, but improve exciter redundancy, increase the available ceiling voltage, and reduce the steady-state torque ripple. Experimental results are given for validating the models implemented for the analysis.


We present photonic frequency conversion technology for generation, transmission, and reception of 5G radio signal in the millimeter-wave band. Photonic up-conversion technology using a stable radio-over-fiber system is presented for generation of low phase noise radio signal. Simple photonic down-conversion technology is proposed for simultaneous detection and down-conversion of radio signals in the millimeter-wave band. We successfully demonstrated the transmission of a 3-GHz bandwidth OFDM signal at 52 GHz using the proposed technologies.


Li-excess transition metal oxides of the general composition xLi2MnO3•(1-x)LiMO2 (M=MnaNibCoc, a+b+c=1) are synthesized by coprecipitation method. Synthesis conditions for obtaining spherical particles with porous structure were determined. The influence of the oxide phase composition on their electrochemical performance as cathode materials is studied in lithium half-cells. All the samples show very high first-cycle coulombic efficiencies (more than 90%) in the voltage range of 2.5–4.8 V at a current density of 0.5C. It is reported that the Li-rich oxide of the composition 0.35Li2MnO3•0.65LiMn1/3Ni1/3Co1/3O2 shows the better cycling performance in terms both discharge capacity and energy density and the best rate capability compared with the samples with larger and smaller contents of Li2MnO3.


Providers of location-based services face the problem to s elect and dimension the infrastructure to transmit the content to the users of their service. Thereby , location-based services for mobile users pose special issues, because of the locally limited scope of the content. We define a scenario consisting of service requirements in terms of spatial throughput and a si mple mobility model. This scenario is then investigated regarding two possible infrastructures: Connec tion via a cellular network or alternatively via isolated Wireless LAN Hot Spots. We estimate whether the service can be delivered via a cellular network or if Hot Spots should be used, how many of these a re required. We confirm our findings by


This diploma work thesis is focused on the accounting profit and economic profit of the company. It compares and analyzes mutually given values. This thesis consists of three sections. The theoretical section defines basic terms such as accounting profit, economic profit, taxable profit and their mutual ties. The theoretical part is also devoted to theoretical definition of the profit and loss, costs, revenues and other terms related to the financial analysis. The analytical section, based on the financial analysis, assesses company's profitability from the accounting, tax and economic perspective respectively. An important starting point for us here is the comparison of their mutual connections. The third section, based on the reached conclusions, assesses overall situation of the enterprise from the perspective of the profit, and suggests solutions for improvement of the profitability and situation of the company.


Cultivation of winter oilseed rape hybrids has been introduced as a promising solution to improve the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and to reduce the large N balance surpluses in this crop. To achieve a better understanding of the underlying physiological mechanisms, field experiments were conducted over two years to investigate the dynamics of growth and N capture in an oilseed rape hybrid and its parental lines under both low (0 kg ha−1) and high (180 kg ha−1) N supply. The results showed that the dynamic trajectories of crop growth and N capture could be accurately characterized by logistic equation using growing degree days as the independent variable. At both N rates, the oilseed rape hybrid outperformed the parental lines in seed yield and aboveground biomass accumulation, which was more closely associated with the longer duration (td) of the rapid growth period (RGP), than with the higher maximum growth rate (vm). N uptake was the main factor driving genotypic variation in seed yield, with an increasing importance of N utilization efficiency at high N supply. The hybrid had significantly higher N uptake than the parental lines at both low and high N supply, because of larger vm for N accumulation during the RGP, which may present a scope for genetically improving NUE in oilseed rape. High N application enhanced crop biomass production and N accumulation, as a result of prolonged td and larger vm during the RGP. The initiation of RGP for N accumulation occurred after overwinter period, which could not be accelerated by high N supply, suggesting rational distribution of N fertilizer with reduced basal dose. However, larger amounts in spring would be beneficial for a better synchronization to crop N demand with lower environmental risks.


The surface modification of SiC powder with KH-550 aminoorganosilanes was carried out and the optimum process parameters of modification were pointed out by using single factor experiments and orthogonal experiments.The optimum reaction temperature is 90℃,the optimum reaction time is 4h,and the optimum KH-550 concentration is 1.5g.Modified powders are characterized by using scanning electron microscopy,X-ray diffraction,infrared spectroscopy,and laser particle size analyzer.The effect of surface modification on the dispersion stabilization of SiC slurry is also analyzed.The results show that the SiC powder treated by aminoorganosilanes does not change the phase structure of original SiC;it only changes the colloidal properties in water.d 0.5 decreases slightly and particle size distribution narrows down.SEM shows that powder agglomeration is reduced and dispersion property is improved for SiC powder.Comparing with the original SiC powder,the surface characteristics of modified SiC powder occur a great change and Zeta potential increases from 17.58mV to 41mV(with pH=3.78).The dispersion stabilization of SiC slurry is remarkably increased.


A Royal Mail postal worker had been delivering mail to the home address of the respondent when one of his fingers was bitten by the respondent's Boxer-type dog. The bite occurred as the worker pushed the mail through the letter box with his hand, rather than using a postal stick (or postal peg) which had been provided by his employer. In respect of the incident, the respondent was the subject of a private prosecution brought by the Royal Mail for an aggravated offence contrary to s.3 of the Dangerous Dogs Act 1991. At his trial, he was acquitted by a District Judge sitting at Ipswich Magistrates' Court. In the present proceedings brought pursuant to s.111 of the Magistrates' Court Act 1980, the prosecution appealed against the respondent's acquittal. Three questions were framed by the District Judge for the opinion of the Divisional Court: (i) in circumstances where a postal worker fails to use a postal stick and in consequence places their fingers into a property, does this amount to trespass?; (ii) in these circumstances, had the District Judge been correct to apply the "Householder" defence as set out in s.3(1A) and s.3(1B) of the 1991 Act, as amended?; and (iii) in the event that the answers to questions (i) and (ii) were "No", was the District Judge correct in finding that the postal worker needed to have used "due diligence" in establishing if a dog is present in the house before inserting their fingers through the letter box, or is it an offence of strict liability?


A UV-B meter having sharply increasing sensitivity with decreasing wavelength can be shown to well represent a large number of known biological action spectra. The accuracy of the meter, which is temperature stabilized, and its long term stability enable accurate UV and UV trend information to be obtained. The meter is readily calibrated in the laboratory or in the field since it has cosine law agreement. Spectral responses between meters are negligibly different. The meter requires very little maintenance. An on-board computer stores months of data and can be remotely interrogated. The initial cost is low making an extensive network possible. The redundancy of a network enables long term UV trend determinations to be made with even greater confidence than that from a single meter.


Insurance market is an important part of the financial market, the functioning of which helps to protect individuals and legal entities from the negative and stressful effects of today's unstable economic environment. The purpose of this study is to determine trends in the insurance market in Ukraine and its potential crises.The study found that Ukraine's insurance market constantly grows, but is volatile and in a state of concentration. The dynamics of most indicators are cyclical, with a cycle length from 4,66 quarters to 14 quarters. The randomized R/S-analysis confirmed the stability of the dynamics of Ukraine's insurance market and its fractal similarity. Fractal similarity was proved for six out of ten analyzed indicators of the insurance market. In addition, it was confirmed that at the moment of transition from one fractal to another, a trend break occurs. Thus, the emergence of crises on the insurance market of Ukraine is associated with the self-similarity of the dynamics and the coincidence of the moments of bifurcation of certain indicators in its development. A partial crisis on the Ukrainian insurance market at the beginning of 2019 coincided with the bifurcation of the number of concluded insurance contracts, determined based on the results of fractal analysis.Calculations made it possible to conclude that potentially crisis periods for the insurance market of Ukraine fall on Q1-2 2017, Q1 2019, Q1 2020, of which only one was realized (Q1 2019). The nearest potential moments of crises on the insurance market of Ukraine may be the following periods: Q1 2023 and Q1 2026.


Print shows William Henry Harrison, head-and-shoulders portrait, facing left, in printed frame.
Title from item.
From series: Portraits of the Presidents.
Entered according to act of Congress in the year 1846, by C.S. Williams, in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the Eastern District of Penna.


This is a empirical study of Human rights issues in Jharkhand area specially in a Tribal population like Santal. This short approach might be a road map of future critical studies on related subject. The preliterate society and the picture of post modernism has taken into account in the present study.


Many of the existing mobile-robot softwares do not include handling of sensors and actuators in a sufficiently systematic and uniform way. The software framework proposed in this paper addresses th ...


Microeconomics and management science are close relatives in terms of the tools they use. Economics differs primarily in that it studies the performance of entire economic systems and major subsystems. Management science models can be expanded to examine environmental policy and the design of institutions for environmental management. This is illustrated by a quantitative model developed at Resources for the Future which incorporates as submodels natural atmospheric and ecological systems and the political structure of alternative forms of representative government.


Fusion welds in a 49% nickeli ron alloy were studied to determine the influence of the thermal gradient in the solid, G s , and the growth velocity of the solid-liquid interface, R, on the nature of the cellular and cel lular dendr i t ic growth modes formed during weld solidification. Toward this end, an experimental technique was developed for measuring the temperature distribution in the solid around the weld pool which was sol idi fy ing under two-d imensional heat-flow conditions. The direct ion in which cellular growth occurred was controlled by welding on a 49% nickel-iron alloy which exhibited a cube-on-face texture with a <100> direction parallel to the rolling direction in the plane of the sheet. By pre-orienting the test specimens prior to welding, it was possible to control the direction in which the cellular substructure grew relative to the solid-l iquid interface. W. F. SAVAGE is Professor of Metallurgical Engineering and Director of Welding Research and E. F. NIPPES is Professor of Metallurgical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York; J. S. ERICKSON. former Graduate Fellow at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, is Supervisor, Casting Process Development Group, Pratt & Whitney Aircraft Division, United Aircraft. East Hartford, Connecticut. Paper presented at the AWS 57th Annual Meeting held in St. Louis, Missouri, during May 10-14, 1976. It was found that the temperature in a direction perpendicular to the trai ling edge of the weld pool decreased in an exponential manner with distance from the solid-l iquid interface. The thermal gradient in the solid continuously decreased from the fusion line toward the weld centerline at the trailing edge of the weld pool. The size of the cellular substructure increased linearly as a function of 1/GS, where G s equals the thermal gradient in the solid under constant growth velocity conditions. Furthermore, the size of the cellular substructure decreased with an increase in growth velocity under constant thermal gradient conditions. The cellular-to-cellular dendritic transition was found to occur at essentially the same ratio of G s /R"2 during the solidification of fusion welds in this material.


This study focuses on analyzing the maxim flouting between the teacher and students of XI IPS in SMA PGRI 2 Bandung during classroom interaction. The objective of this study is to find out the types of flouting maxim produced by teachers and students. Furthermore, this study also investigates the effects of maxims flouting to classroom activity. This study implements descriptive qualitative as the method of the study. There are five instruments used in this study; those are observation checklist, field note, the script of recorded video, questionnaire, and interview. The result of the study shows that there were four types of maxims flouting produced by the teacher and students during classroom interaction. Moreover, the researchers found four adverse effects of flouting maxim in classroom activity.


1International criminal law — Jurisdiction — International tribunals — International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia — Primacy over national courts — Request to national authorities for deferral to primacy of the International Tribunal — Criteria for request — Bosnian Serb leadership — Command responsibility War and armed conflict — War crimes and crimes against humanity — Conflict in the Former Yugoslavia — Responsibility of military and political leaders


................................................................................................................................... ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................................... vi LIST OF TABLES .......................................................................................................................... x LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................................................... xi CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Irrigation Return Flow Pathways and Pollutants................................................................... 1 1.1.1 Salt Pollution .................................................................................................................. 1 1.1.2 Selenium Pollution ......................................................................................................... 3 1.1.3 Nitrate and Phosphorus Pollution ................................................................................... 6 1.1.4 Overview of Previous Research of Field-Scale Solute Transport in Irrigated Areas with Subsurface Drainage ................................................................................................................ 7 1.2 Overview of Previous Research in the Lower Arkansas River Valley ............................... 10 1.3 Subsurface Drainage in the Lower Arkansas River Valley................................................. 13 1.4 Study Objectives ................................................................................................................. 14 CHAPTER 2: METHODOLOGY ................................................................................................ 15 2.1 Overview of Fairmont Drainage District ............................................................................ 15 2.2 Monitoring Network ............................................................................................................ 20 2.2.1 Groundwater Measurements ......................................................................................... 20 2.2.2 Tile Drainage Measurements ........................................................................................ 23 2.2.3 Applied Water and Tailwater Measurements ............................................................... 25 2.2.4 Rainfall Measurements ................................................................................................. 25 2.2.5 Catlin Canal Water Quality Parameter Measurements ................................................. 26 2.3 Sampling Procedures ........................................................................................................... 27 2.3.1 Groundwater Sampling ................................................................................................. 28 2.3.2 Surface Water Sampling ............................................................................................... 30 2.3.3 Tile Drain Sampling ..................................................................................................... 30 2.4 Field Scale Mass Balance .................................................................................................... 31 2.4.1 Flume Installation and Maintenance............................................................................. 33 2.4.2 Monitoring Irrigation Events ........................................................................................ 35


The invention discloses a separated material leaning plate structure comprising a workbench, a rotating shaft cantilever, a supporting shaft, a material pressing power unit mounting plate and a material leaning seat, wherein the workbench drives a cutting knife to rotate; the rotating shaft cantilever is fixedly arranged on the workbench through a supporting rod; the top end of the supporting shaft is arranged on the end part of the rotating shaft cantilever through a bearing; the material pressing power unit mounting plate penetrates through the supporting shaft and is fixedly arranged on the supporting shaft; the material leaning seat is fixedly arranged at the bottom end of the supporting shaft, is arranged under the material pressing power unit mounting plate, but is not in contact with the material pressing power unit mounting plate; and the material leaning seat is arranged above the workbench, but is not in contact with the workbench. According to the separated material leaning plate structure, the material leaning seat is separated from the material pressing power unit mounting plate, so that the material leaning seat is prevented from being in direct contact with the material pressing power unit mounting plate, the problem of material displacement caused by the overturning of the material leaning seat when a material is pressed downwards by a material pressing power unit is avoided, and the material machining position and quality are ensured; and the whole separated material leaning plate structure is simple in structure, convenient to mount and capable of meeting the application requirement.


The transition from personal computers to business computers and from freestanding systems to mainframe adjuncts has led to a need for seamless integration of computers. This column describes this trend, identifies the benefits and problems that accompany systems integration, and discusses how major vendors – especially IBM –are working to meet this need.


f Within the framework of the liquid-drop model we study various aspects of the dynamical evolution ~f nuclei: the effects of viscosity on the separation of fission fragments, the fission of very large nuclei, and the fusion of two heavy ions. The effect of viscosity on the post-scission motion of fission fragments is calculated by assuming an Irrotational flow pattern in spheroidal fragments. Ae the viscosity increases from O to ~ , the fieeion fragments remain prolate for a longer the, which +.ncreasesthe pc)stecission fragment kinetic energy. This increase is about 13 W! fo: the symetric fission of 2S6U. We calculate the dynamical path from an Initially spherical configuration to scission for nuclei with fissility parameter x between 1.0 and 106 by use of the three-quadratic-surfaceshape parametrization. Tho inertias are calculated by means of the Werner-Wheeler approximation for irrotational flow. The motion IS assumed nondissipative. As the Coulomb energy increases, the scission configuration becomes more and more elongated. As a s ecific example, we calculate the evolution of an initially spherical 2a8U nucleio "YG184 nuc.1.eus, formed from two It has been aug$ested that this system might form a euperheavy nucleus by aoymetric fission. At 8clasion the calculated length of this nucleus is about 14 tfmee the diameter of the initial sphere. This result indicates that the nucleus would probably fission into thr~e or more fragments if this were allowed by the ●hapa parametrization, To complement this calculation, we compute the ●~aticpoten-478184 nuclaue cortial energy of two tangent spheroidal fragments of the responding to $00116 and 176Ero Configuration titableagainet fission of the 'OOJ.16nucleus have an energy over 100 MW higher than the minimum anergy of two tangent spheroidu and the energy of the eciasion point in th dynamical calculation, Single-particle effects lead to a ●all local minimum in the potential energy near the ephorical haavy fra~ont with a barriar * ThiE work woo performad under th~ auapicea of the United Stataa Atomic EncirgyCommission.


A new Horizontal Current Bipolar Transistor (HCBT) is developed and integrated with a commercial 0.18 µm CMOS technology resulting in a very low-cost BiCMOS technology suitable for wireless applications. The number of fabrication steps is significantly reduced in comparison to conventional vertical-current bipolar transistors. The optimum HCBT performance can be achieved by 3 additional masks to CMOS process while an even simpler version with 2 additional masks is also demonstrated. The integration of HCBT with bulk CMOS is achieved by introducing innovative process steps such as protecting the active transistor region during polysilicon etching by low-resistance native oxide, placement of high-doped emitter and collector regions in oxide trenches etc. The compact HCBT structure has small junction capacitances and fT and fmax of 34 GHz and 45 GHz, respectively, with BVCEO=3.4 V.


The relation of Capital-Wage Labour has been sprending in the rural region since about 1955 and the farmers with a side job have been increasing. Now the ratio of the farmers with a side job is about 90 percent. And naturally they are bringing about the great changes to the farmer's "Family" and "Rural Community".So a purpose of this paper is to make the aspects of their changes clear. In the case it is important to analyse not one side of changes but a total aspect of them.Because they have been changing in the organic-structural relation between the development of "Local Labour market", the increase of the agricultural productivity and their working life.The district researched on this paper is S hamlet, Maki town, Nishikanbara county, Niigata prefecture. It's a famous rice-producing district. It's district shows the great ratio of relative big farms in Japan, but too shows the great ratio of the f arms with a side job.Firstly I will explain the features of "Local Labour market" and the agricultural production in Nishikanbara.Secondly I try to analyse S hamlet's social history, especially giving attention to the basical transformation of the farmer's life, such as the size of land, the farm machanization and the pattern of jobs. Besides it is impossible to neglect the effect that the readjustment of arable land in 1971 brought about to district.Thirdly I try to refer to the following aspects. They are "Family Life", "Working Life" and "the Life of Rural Community". They constituted in theirselves "the Living Process on Present" of the farmers with a side job.


A generalized stochastic Petri net (GSPN) model for task allocation in distributed computer systems is presented. A Markov chain (MC) reduction technique is discussed. This MC reduction method is applied to the GSPN task allocation model to give the mean completion time of the system, for a given allocation of modules to processors.<<ETX>>


The observed mean of 16 reliable heat-flow values in the Black Sea is 0.92 ± 0.23 µcal/cm2/sec. The observed heat flow is about 50 percent of the geophysically relevant heat flow because the rapidly accumulating sediment absorbs a significant fraction of the geothermal flux. In addition, the blanketing effect of the thick low-thermal-conductivity sediments in the Black Sea has further reduced the flux through the seafloor by about 15 percent. The mean heat flux out of the Black Sea, corrected for both thermal refraction and sedimentation, is estimated at 2.2 µcal/cm2/sec. The value of heat flowing into the base of the crust is about 1.5 µcal/cm2/sec, indicating abnormally high upper-mantle temperature. These high t mperatures are perhaps caused by the release of heat in exothermic phase changes from light to dense upper-mantle mineral assemblages. The transitional crustal structure observed beneath the Black and southern Caspian Seas may reflect a phase of sedimentation resulting from intensive erosion in response to vertical crustal movements caused by reversible, thermally induced density variations in the mantle.


The benchmark dose (BMD) approach is one of the important techniques in doseresponse assessment for the risk assessment of chemicals and adapted by various international organizations. We investigated the appropriateness of the statistical parameters and model selection criteria for BMD lower bound (BMDL) estimation by BMD software (BMDS) (developed by the US Environmental Protection Agency) and PROAST (developed by the National Institute for Public Health and the Environment of the Netherlands). Publicly available repeated-dose toxicity study data (226 dichotomous datasets and 151 continuous datasets) were used for the investigation. Our findings were applied to establish BMD technical guidance for BMDS for the evaluation of various endpoints in repeated-dose toxicity studies. Under the Japan Chemical Substance Control Law (CSCL), the DRA-BMDS guidance (i.e., Division of Risk Assessment-BMDS guidance) is used for the evaluation of a "Priority Assessment Chemical Substance." Namely, selecting of an extra risk of 10% (dichotomous data) or a level change of 1SD (continuous data) as a default benchmark response. Running all the models without or with parameter constraints. Selecting the model that calculated the lowest BMDL but excluding the one that estimated a BMD/BMDL ratio ≥ 10 or lowest dose/BMDL ratio ≥ 10. We believe that the DRA-BMDS guidance can assist risk assessors in the selection of the BMD model.


A 44-year-old man with a 3-day history of limited range of motion of the bilateral shoulders, neck pain, dysphagia and mild fever presented to our emergency department. He had no previous significant medical history. He also denied any other neurological problems. He had normal levels of consciousness and orientation. On physical examination, the patient exhibited limited range of motion in rotation, severe nuchal rigidity without meningeal irritation, including Kernig's sign and Brudzinski's sign. Cervical CT …


Recently,a new multidisciplinary scientific study,called earth system dynamics,is developing on the basis of considering the atmosphere,oceanosphere,geographic environment and biosphere in the Earth and their linkages together as a whole system.By so doing,the scientific community is able to combine the global climate change studies(such as WCRP and IPCC)and the so-called global change studies(such as IGBP)and some other important scientific plans in the world(such as IHDP and DIVERSITAS)as unified scientific problems to understand more correctly and all-roundly the laws governing the changes in the climatic,environmental and ecological systems,and to provide more reliable prediction of their changes in the future.One of the major tasks in the earth system dynamics is to set up an earth system dynamic model with sound theories because a reliable prediction for climatic and environment-ecological change can be made only by the use of such model.This paper summarizes some related researches and achievements of the earth system dynamic model in recent years in China,especially those just before and during the implementation of the science plan in the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)named "Study on the Earth System Dynamic Model",in which some results are found to be unique and new although the studies are preliminary.The main tasks and some important scientific problems for development of the earth system dynamic model in China are also pointed out.The paper is arranged by the main sub-systems of the earth system,except for the introduction and summary.They are the atmospheric general circulation model(AGCM),the physical-hydrological process model in the earth surface layer(LSM),the oceanic general circulation model(OGCM)and the oceanic biogeochemical model,the aerosol and atmospheric chemistry model,the dynamic global vegetation model(DGVM)and some related ecological problems,the biogeochemical model and some related studies of the ground-based stations for surface physical and biogeochemical observations in the arid and semi-arid regions,and some specific studies of land-atmosphere interactions in the arid and semi-arid regions and their influences both insitu and on monsoon.


Tabu search has become acceptable worldwide as one of the most efficient intelligent searches applied to various real-world problems. There have been different modifications made to the generic tabu search in recent years to achieve better performances. Among those reviewed in the introduction of this paper, the adaptive tabu search (ATS) has incorporated the backtracking and the adaptive search radius mechanisms that help accelerate the search and release it from a local solution lock. The paper explains an enhancement made to the ATS to accomplish multipath ATS (MATS) algorithms. Performances of the ATS and the MATS are evaluated using surface optimization problems, and results are presented in the paper. Finally, the MATS is applied to solve a real-world vehicle control problem.


Radiocarbon ( 14 C) measurements of elemental carbon (EC) and organic carbon (OC) separately (as op- posed to only total carbon, TC) allow an unambiguous quan- tification of their non-fossil and fossil sources and repre- sent an improvement in carbonaceous aerosol source appor- tionment. Isolation of OC and EC for accurate 14 C deter- mination requires complete removal of interfering fractions with maximum recovery. The optimal strategy for 14 C-based source apportionment of carbonaceous aerosols should fol- low an approach to subdivide TC into different carbonaceous aerosol fractions for individual 14 C analyses, as these frac- tions may differ in their origins. To evaluate the extent of pos- itive and negative artefacts during OC and EC separation, we performed sample preparation with a commercial Thermo- Optical OC/EC Analyser (TOA) by monitoring the optical properties of the sample during the thermal treatments. Ex- tensive attention has been devoted to the set-up of TOA con- ditions, in particular, heating program and choice of carrier gas. Based on different types of carbonaceous aerosols sam- ples, an optimised TOA protocol (Swiss 4S) with four steps is developed to minimise the charring of OC, the premature combustion of EC and thus artefacts of 14 C-based source ap- portionment of EC. For the isolation of EC for 14 C analy- sis, the water-extraction treatment on the filter prior to any thermal treatment is an essential prerequisite for subsequent radiocarbon measurements; otherwise the non-fossil contri- bution may be overestimated due to the positive bias from


A Hyperspectral image is a sequence of images generated by collecting contiguously spaced spectral bands of data. One can view such an image sequence as a three-dimensional array of intensity values (pixels) within a rectangular prism. We present a Three-Dimensional Set Partitioned Embedded bloCK (3DSPECK) algorithm based on the observation that hyperspectral images are contiguous in the spectrum axis (this implies large inter-band correlations) and there is no motion between bands. Therefore, the three-dimensional discrete wavelet transform can fully exploit the inter-band correlations. A SPECK partitioning algorithm extended to three-dimensions is used to sort significant pixels. Rate distortion (Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) vs. bit rate) performances were plotted by comparing 3DSPECK against 3DSPIHT on several sets of hyperspectral images. Results show that 3DSPECK is comparable to 3DSPIHT in hyperspectral image compression. 3DSPECK can achieve compression ratios in the approximate range of 16 to 27 while providing very high quality reconstructed images. It guarantees over 3 dB PSNR improvement at all rates or rate saving at least a factor of 2 over 2D coding of separate spectral bands without axial transformation.


The S and W FCC Process has as its basis the developments of Total Petroleum, Inc. at their Ardmore (Oklahoma) and Arkansas City (Kansas) refineries. This novel FCC Process features two stages of catalyst regeneration in separate vessels and a highly efficient feed injection system with special atomizing spray nozzles. The S and W FCC Process provides outstanding performance on vacuum gas oils as well as on residual oils. Many of the performance benefits of the S and W FCC Process can be achieved by revamps to existing vacuum gas oil FCC units, without necessarily adding another regenerator or replacing the converter. Stone and Webster licenses this FCC process and Revamp Technology worldwide.


The purpose of this paper is to examine the trends and factors of the decision making process in the post-industrial organization. Followed by the introduction, the first two sections identify decision making problems and factors that influence and affect decision making in the rapidly changing workplace. The third and fourth sections focus on the decision making process and some implications for managers.


Handwritten letter written from a father to a daughter in January 1895. In the letter, the father informs his daughter of various family members coming to visit.


This paper investigates to what extent telecollaboration can be integrated as an effective medium for the enhancement of intercultural communicative competence (ICC) in the foreign-language classroom. The data was obtained over one semester from a series of asynchronous exchanges in language-exchange class settings using Google drives shared between United States-based students learning Arabic as a foreign language at three American universities, and students at a Saudi university in Saudi Arabia learning English as a foreign language. The one-on-one interactions covered a variety of topics related to cultural knowledge, perspectives, values, practices, behaviors, and products. The data from this collaborative online project also included two reflection surveys that students responded to before and after the study. Byram's 2021 model (including its objectives) was applied, and the findings reveal that many ICC objectives are clearly reflected in students' telecollaborative exchanges, indicating that this type of exchange can be used effectively as a tool to develop students' intercultural competence. The findings also show a noticeable increase in students' interests in cultural learning and understanding the culture of others.


The topography and the composition of a surface are in many cases of equal importance (catalysis, electroplating, pretreatment of foils and sheet metal, corrosion, passivation, adsorption, coating of fibers, etc.), and this explains the great interest in methods of investigation that reveal both. If the demands on the resolving power, the analytical possibilities, and the thickness of the surface layer are not too exacting, combined devices like the scanning electron microscope and its analytical accessories can be used. When it is necessary to avoid the compromises involved in simultaneous imaging and analysis, the investigations must be carried out with separate equipment. As an example of a method for the analysis of surfaces we consider briefly photo- and Auger electron spectroscopy (ESCA).


The Elizabethan Settlement identified religious conformity with political allegiance. Not unlike the cuius regio eius religio of the 1555 Peace of Augsburg in the Holy Roman Empire, from 1559 onwards subjects in England had to subscribe to the two Acts of Supremacy and Uniformity, the first declaring the monarch as head of the state and the second determining worship under the monarch as head of the Church. In such an Anglican monarchy, there could be no legal space for the non-Anglican subject, let alone for the non-Christian. The few Marranos (Jews forcibly converted to Christianity) lived as Portuguese immigrants, at the same time that Protestant Dutch and Walloon traders congregated in stranger churches, and whilst they were allowed to worship in their own languages, they remained outsiders to the English/Anglican polity.


The diagnosis of diseases in animals depends to a large extent on clinical examinations and laboratory results, in which biological variations are reflected. The hematological values are very important for the evaluation of the normal physiological state of an animal. However, very few works have been carried out in this respect on creole asses. The objective of this investigation was to determine the mean values of a hemogram for creoles donkeys of the Colombian lowland. A cross - sectional descriptive study was performed with a non - probabilistic sample for convenience. Samples of 85 male donkeys between 4 and 15 years old were clinically healthy and fed with Brachiaria humidicula pastures. These parameters were obtained by means of a hematological analyzer (ABX Micros ESV 60). The values obtained were: leukocytes 7.6±1.6 x103/mm3, lymphocytes 39.69±10.87%, monocytes 5.89±1.63%, granulocytes 54.41±10.75%, eosinophils 7.08±2.77%, erythrocytes 4.48±0.85 x106/mm3, hemoglobin 8.62±1.3 g/dL, hematocrit 30.24 ± 5.1%, mean corpuscular volume 67.71±5.91 μm3, mean corpuscular hemoglobin 19.45±1.94 pg, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration 28.48±1.36 g/dL and platelets 354.20±136.24 x103/mm3. The results confirm that there are differences between the values in most hematological parameters of creole donkeys compared to those of other breeds and horses. These results may be useful in the veterinary clinical routine for the diagnosis, monitoring and control of diseases.


Aiming at the problems of reheating furnace in the third rolling plant,such as the low productivity,the serious oxygenation burning loss and the frequently happened damage of furnace body and equipment,the effective measures such as optimizing the furnace construction,improving the fuel calorific value,perfecting the heating furnace control system,improving refractory etc were taken to reform the heating furnace.The obvious effects such as higher production,higher quality and reduced production cost were achieved.


This paper explores the significant role played by international literary awards in African literary canon formation. It focuses on the Commonwealth Short Story Prize (CWSSP) and the Caine Prize for African Writing (CP) as major award institutions for contemporary African literatures. The paper aims to position these prize competitions in the context of African literary and cultural production by foregrounding the intricate relationship between the text and the award institutions to point at the different roles they each play in the process of canon formation. It argues that canonicity through the award sector is influenced by several factors from the point of production to the presentation of the literary award. The paper uses the word "taste" to refer to the aesthetic qualities of a text as prescribed by the literary award. It then explores the process of this judgement of the aesthetic qualities of the prize texts, exploring factors such as economic and political patronage and its effects in literary taste creation. It concludes that taste in literary production, mediated through the institution of the award industry, is significantly influenced by the economic, political and cultural contexts of production.


Lars Lachmann LIFE Project coordinator Many things have happened since we started developing this project in 2004. In 2006, we finally were able to start the project in full, and the end is foreseen for 2011. Please read on to find out what has been done so far, what we plan to do in the coming years, and especially how the Aquatic Warbler will be protected after our project ends. Welcome to the first edition of the Aquatic Warbler LIFE Project Newsletter! Starting with this number, we want to regularly update you about the progress of our project and share with you information about many interesting aspects of the conservation of Europe's rarest migratory songbird and its wetland habitat. If you read this, then you probably live near one of our nine project sites, you are interested in the conservation of nature or birds in particular, or you are even supporting our project as a local landowner, volunteer, as an expert, contractor or sponsor of the project. Or maybe you just happened to visit one of the project sites and are curious to find out what's going on. You all are very important to us, because it is impossible to protect nature, not even a little striped brown bird, without the support and understanding of many people. If you want to know more after reading this newsletter you can visit our website www.wodniczka.pl, or the German version under www.seggenrohrsaenger.eu. There, you can submit your comments to us online, but you can also do this by writing to our project office. Our project brings together six organisations from three countries (Poland, Germany and the UK) and focuses on nine project sites of together 42,000 ha. It is financially supported by the LIFE Nature Programme of the European Union with additional funds from the RSPB (BirdLife in the UK), Cemex Polska and Swarovski Optics, and is probably the largest species protection project in Poland. All this for a little bird? Yes, but it is a special little bird: It is the only small bird that has its own international agreement, the Memorandum of Understanding for the Conservation of the Aquatic Warbler, signed as sub-agreement to the Convention on Migratory Species by twelve range states of the species, including Poland, Germany, the UK and Senegal. Our project is helping Poland and Germany to fulfil their obligations from this treaty. In particular, we aim to prevent the extinction of the isolated Pomeranian population of the species along the Polish-German border, and to strengthen the Polish core population in the Biebrza valley in northeast Poland. Conserving Aquatic Warblers in Poland and Germany


Cell formation in growth rings of balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill) in the boreal forest was studied to describe the timing of ring formation and the development patterns of earlywood and latewood. Wood micro-cores were extracted during the growing season from 1998 to 2000. The micro-cores were stained with cresyl fast violet to facilitate counting the number of cells in the radial enlargement, wall thickening phases, and mature cell phases. The periods required to complete these various phases were then estimated. Variations in the beginning of the growing season (May 7 - June 7), the earlywood-latewood transition (July 2 - July 19), and the end of the growing season (August 20 - September 20) were observed. Short cell enlargement durations of less than a week for earlywood and 5-10 days for latewood were observed. Time required for cell wall thickening was about 20 days for earlywood and longer than 10-15 days for latewood. A certain flexibility was observed in the ring formation patterns and in the cell development rate, providing an advantage in the boreal forest where optimal growth conditions change from year to year. These findings on the spatial and temporal patterns of ring development may be useful for understanding tree relationships with climate or other environmental parameters.

La formation des cellules dans les cernes annuels du sapin baumier (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) en foret boreale a ete etudiee pour decrire la chronologie de la formation des cernes et le developpement du bois initial et final. Des micro-carottes ont ete extraites pendant les saisons 1998 a 2000. Des sections ont ete colorees a l'aide du « cresyl fast violet » pour faciliter le denombrement des cellules dans les phases d'accroissement radial, de formation des parois secondaires et les cellules matures. Le temps requis pour que les cellules pour completent ces phases a ete estime. Des variations dans le debut de la croissance (7 mai au 7 juin), dans la transition du bois initial au bois final (2 juillet au 19 juillet) et dans la fin de la croissance (20 aout au 20 septembre) ont ete observees. De courtes periodes d'accrois sement, de moins d'une semaine pour le bois initial et de 5 a 10 jours pour le bois final ont ete observees. Le temps necessaire a l'epais sissement des parois secondaires etait d'environ 20 jours pour le bois initial et plus de 30 a 35 jours pour le bois final respectivement. Les resultats mettent en evidence une certaine flexibilite dans le developpement des cernes, ce qui procure un avantage en foret boreale ou les conditions optimales de croissance changent d'annees en annees. Ces resultats pourront etre utiles pour mieux comprendre la relation entre les arbres et le climat ou d'autres parametres environnementaux.


Beata Banaszak1, Paweł Banaszak2 © Pediatr Med Rodz 2015, 11 (3), p. 278–288 © Medical Communications Sp. z o.o. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License (CC BY-NC-ND). Reproduction is permitted for personal, educational, non-commercial use, provided that the original article is in whole, unmodified, and properly cited. DOI: 10.15557/PiMR.2015.0026 Received: 31.05.2015 Accepted: 29.06.2015 Published: 30.09.2015 Nadciśnienie tętnicze u dzieci i młodzieży – optymalizacja procesu diagnostyczno-terapeutycznego Arterial hypertension in children and adolescents – optimisation of the diagnostic and therapeutic process


The application of cyclic and acyclic enol ethers as electrophiles in cross coupling reactions offers new possibilities for the preparation of functional compounds. A novel nickel catalyzed dealkoxylative cross coupling reaction allows access to structurally diverse allylsilanes and alcohol derivatives with high stereospecificity and in good yields under mild reaction conditions directly from the corresponding enol ethers.


The main purpose of this paper is to show that there exists a positive number
$\lambda_{1}$, the first eigenvalue, such that some $p(x)$-Laplace equation admits a solution if
$\lambda=\lambda_{1}$ and that
$\lambda_{1}$ is simple, i.e., with respect to \textit{the first eigenvalue} solutions, which are not equal to zero a. e., of the $p(x)$-Laplace equation forms an one dimensional subset. Furthermore, by developing Moser method we obtained some results concerning H\"{o}lder continuity and bounded properties of the solutions. Our works are done in the setting of the Generalized-Sobolev Space. There are many perfect results about $p$-Laplace equations, but about $p(x)$-Laplace equation there are few results. The main reason is that a lot of methods which are very useful in dealing with $p$-Laplace equations are no longer valid for $p(x)$-Laplace equations. In this paper, many results are obtained by imposing some conditions on $p(x)$.
Stimulated by the development of the study of elastic mechanics, interest in variational problems and differential equations has grown in recent decades, while Laplace equations with nonstandard growth conditions share a part. The equation discussed in this paper is derived from the elastic mechanics.


Background Health care providers at increased risk of COVID-19 infection, inadequate knowledge and practice about COVID-19, and infection control may lead to increased risk of disease transmission. Early diagnosis and appropriate management of COVID 19 cases is important in preventing transmission and improving patient outcomes. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, altitude, and practice of healthcare providers in the United Arab Emirates toward COVID-19 and to examine its determinants. Method A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess knowledge, attitudes, and practice (KAP) of Healthcare providers regarding COVID-19. The study was conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic from of April 11 to July 23, using an online anonymous self-administered questionnaire. Results A total of 2371 healthcare providers responded to the survey. A total of 1091 worked in inpatient hospitals, 494 in primary health care, and 388 in emergency and ICU care. The overall performance score for all healthcare providers was as follows: 49.1%, poor score; 41.8 %, intermediate score; and 9.2%, good score with a mean result of 17.14. Factors leading to better overall performance scores were years of experience, pediatricians, specialty, and specialist occupation. A total of 55.7% received good direct knowledge from all healthcare providers. In practice, 48% had good practices toward COVID-19. The overall attitude mean was 2.8, from a maximum score of 7, indicating a positive attitude toward COVID-19. Conclusions The study-demonstrated gaps in specific aspects of knowledge and practice that should be focused on in future education and HCP awareness. A structured training program targeting all HCPs is needed to have good clinical knowledge and practice about COVID-19.


Objective To investigate the deferring aging effect and the associated mechanisms of ginkgo biloba extract(GBE) on indexes of oxidation system and the exprssion of Klotho(KL) in the brain of aging mice induced by D-gal.Methods 48 male Kunming mice were divided randomly into the normal control group,D-gal model group,GBE group and D-gal plus GBE group.All animals were administered by corresponding medicine for four weeks,respectively.The activity of SOD and the level of MDA of the hippocampus were detected by colorimetry.Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting techniques were performed to determine the exprssion of KL protein in the brain choroid.Results Compared with the control group,the expression of KL protein decreased significantly(P0.01),the activity of SOD declined obviously and the content of MDA increased clearly in aging model group(P 0.01).GBE could reverse these changes(P0.01).Conclusions This study indicates that D-gal can down-regulate the expression of KL protein in aging mice.GBE can postpone the aging by improving the activity of antioxidation and up-regulating expression of KL protein in aging mice model induced by D-gal.


Today's medical implants communicate with each other over radio, typically using standards such as MICS. However, in order to reduce power consumption and improve datarates, we need to explore better standards. Ultra wide band radios (UWB) are known to be low power. While studies on UWB radios for on-body implants exists, no study exists which explains the effect of UWB for in-body medical implants. This paper shows that Ultra wideband (UWB) can be a feasible solution for in-body medical implants in certain cases. We present a model to compute path loss inside human body tissues, for frequencies in the UWB standard, a study that has not been done so far. Furthermore, we extend this model to include reflection losses. We will show from our study that UWB is an excellent option for short-distance inter-implant communication and combined in- and on-body communications.


In his classic work Schimper (1888), emphasizing the taxonomic diversity of epiphytes, listed 33 families and 232 genera of epiphytes. Until very recently, subsequent authors have generally accepted Schimper's figures (Richards, 1957; Johansson, 1974). However, epiphytism (here used in a broad sense to include hemiepiphytes, see Kress, 1986) was recently reported to exist in 65 different vascular plant families (56 families exluding ferns), 38 of these with epiphytes in the Neotropics (Madison, 1977). Our own data (Appendix 1) and additional records compiled by Kress (1986) now record 83 vascular plant families with epiphytic species.3 At least 876 genera include at least one epiphytic species and there are perhaps 29,000 epiphytic species, ca. 10% of all vascular plants (Table 1). Thus at first sight epiphytism seems a very widespread and successful life-style, which very many unrelated taxa have evolved. However, a closer examination suggests that even though there are both many species and higher taxa of epiphytes, few of the higher taxa account for most of the species. Burger (1985), for example, emphasized that relatively few lineages have been able to enter the epiphytic niche, presumably because of the complex suite of adaptations needed. Thus even though it is true that the evolution of an epiphytic habit has been a relatively common feature of vascular plant evolution, it is equally true that very few of the taxa that have evolved an epiphytic habit have radiated successfully to produce other epiphytic species (Table 2). In most of the epiphyte-containing families, epiphytism is a rather insignificant anomaly. Indeed, eliminating a mere 85 such "oddball" species from the roster of the world's epiphytes removes 31 families from the epiphytic ranks. Only 32 seed plant families have as many as five or more epiphytic species, 26 of these with epiphytes in the Neotropics. It is on the 42 families (Table 3) that contain epiphytes in the Neotropics that this paper will focus. Even though this analysis of epiphyte diversity and distribution is largely focused on the Neotropics, a few comparisons with the Paleotropics are instructive. There are actually slightly more families with epiphytes in the Paleotropics (43) than in the Neotropics (42), with all of the paleotropical epiphytic families having epiphytic representatives in Australasia but only 15 in Africa and Madagascar. If only the 32 seed plant families with five or more epiphytic species are considered, there are also roughly equal representations of epiphyte-containing families in the Neotropics (26) and Australasia (25) but only about half as many in Africa (14). At the species level the story is very different. There are many more epiphytes in the Neotropics, at least half again as many as in Australasia and six times as many as in Africa. Although similar numbers of genera and families evolved epiphytism in the different regions, subsequent speciation as epiphytes was dramatically greater in the Neotropics. A major objective of this paper, then, will be to try to explain why there is so much epiphyte diversity in the Neotropics.


This specification defines an XMPP protocol extension for including or referring to small bits of binary data in an XML stanza.


String editing problem is one of the most fundamental problems in computer science and is used extensively in Bio-Informatics. In this thesis we present two new results relevant to the string editing problem. Firstly we show how we can simultaneously compute both the edit distance and edit script between two strings of length n in time O(n2/log(n)) and O(n) space. The Four Russian algorithm computes the edit distance in time O(n2/log(n)). However it does not address the problem of computing the edit script. On the other hand Hirschberg's algorithm computes the edit script in O(n) space but takes O(n2) time. In this thesis we show how to compute both the edit distance and edit script within the best known time and space bounds. Secondly we provide a new algorithm which can be readily synthesized into an area efficient and high speed sequential digital circuit to compute the edit distance in hardware at a clock speed of 1 GHz. The simplicity of the design makes it possible to add this to any general purpose processor instruction set. An instruction from the processor to compute the edit distance between constant length strings can clearly aid in improving the performance of the software. Our experiments estimate a 4X speedup from a processor with a 8 × 8 edit distance instruction. 1. V.K. Kundeti and S.Rajasekaran. "Extending The Four Russian Algorithm to Compute the Edit Script in Linear Space.", (Springer LNCS 5101-0893) ICCS2008, Krakow, Poland. 2. V.K. Kundeti , Y.Fei. and S.Rajasekaran "An Efficient Digital Circuit for Implementing Sequence Alignment Algorithm in an Extended Processor.",19th IEEE ASAP-2008, Leuven, Belgium.


The present invention relates to (a), (b), and as (c) on the nose of a polycarbonate diol comprising a copolyester carbonate diol having a number average molecular weight of 300-20000 amount of the repeating unit (a) It relates to (a) and copolycarbonate according to characterized in that 10 to 90 mol% based on the total molar number of (b) diol: (A) the recurring unit represented by the following formula (1): Formula 1 (B) the formula (2) in each of the repeating units represented independently: [Formula 2] (Wherein, n is 4, 5 or 6-Im); And (C) terminal hydroxyl groups. In addition, the present invention relates to the copolycarbonate diol a polyisocyanate copolymerizable with the thermoplastic polyurethanes obtained.


A covering of the complete graph,Kv by m-cycles(cycles of length m),is a pair(V,D) where V is the vertex set of Kv,and D is a collection of m-cycles so that any edge of Kv occurs in at least one cycle of D.The most important problem of cycle coverings of complete graph is to confirm the cycles' number of the minimum coverings.In this paper,the minimum of cycle covering of the complete graph is supposed.And then,it is proved that such a minimum covering exists for certain congruence classes of v∈{m,m+1,m+2,2m-2,2m-1}.At last,the problem is reduced to the case where vertex v is intervenient of m and 3m-1.