This descriptive study investigated two groups of low-income, urban children who had whole-language instruction during their kindergarten and first-grade years. These 17 children were studied previously for those 2 years in their separate schools. The current investigation focused on the general academic success of the two groups and on eight, focal learners' interpretations. In one school, a group of children made a transition to a skills-based/traditional second grade (the Transition Group). In a different school, a group of children continued in a whole-language second grade (the Continuing Group). The children were observed in their classrooms throughout the school year. Data collection included field notes, audio- and videotaping, teacher and parent interviews, and pre- and postmeasures. Findings indicated that the Transition Group had the academic skills necessary for success in the skills-based second grade and that the Continuing Group also succeeded in the whole-language second grade. Differences between the two groups showed that the focal children in the Transition Group experienced a change in their interpretations or sense making patterns and a loss of literate behaviors. Differences in writing favored the focal children in the Continuing Group. Generally, there were no between-group differences in reading growth and no statistical differences on pre- and posttests.


In this study, ultrathin Cadmium telluride (CdTe) solar cells with absorber thickness from 50 to 200 nm were fabricated. The short-circuit current (JSC) and open-circuit voltage (VOC) were found to decrease significantly with the thickness of absorber layer decreasing. The decrease of the JSC was mainly because of the insufficient light absorption. Even so, the JSC was still found to be 8.2 mA/cm2, which was about 32% of that of a normal CdTe solar cell when the thickness of absorber layer was reduced to ∼1% of that of a normal CdS/CdTe solar cell, i.e. 50 nm. The reasons, which caused the decrease of VOC, were also discussed in this study. The dark current–voltage characteristics were analyzed and the contribution of ohmic shunting current to the total leakage current was found to increase with the thickness of CdTe absorber layer decreasing. The device characteristics of the ultrathin CdTe solar cells under weak light irradiance and at different temperatures were also investigated. This study provides a guideline for the fabrication of ultrathin CdTe solar cells in the future.


The title compound, C8H8FNO, is an important medicinal intermediate. Intermolecular hydrogen bonds are formed between the NH group and the carbonyl O atom of an adjacent molecule.


Increases in labor and energy efficiencies from the 1st Cement Industry Technical Conference to the 50th Cement Industry Technical Conference are impressive. Production has expanded from 577 less efficient kilns producing 56 million metric tons of cement to 178 kilns producing 91 million metric tons of cement. The average energy used has declined from 9.70 MBTU (million British Thermal Units) per ton of clinker to 4.375 MBTU per equivalent [metric] ton with the lowest reported energy values dropping from 3.5 MBTU per ton of clinker to 2.74 MBTU per equivalent [metric] ton. Productivity has increased from 0.714 metric tons per employee hour to 2.97 metric tons per employee hour. The factors behind this change, and prospects for further efficiencies, are examined in this paper.


Objective To analyze hazards,recovery and characteristics of high viscosity in people with various occupations.Methods Retrospective analysis was done on hazards and recovery of high viscosity and various items of hemorheology to 370 government employees,368 teachers and medical staff,352 workers and peasants.The items of hemorheology included high shear and medium shear and low shear viscosity of whole blood,plasma viscosity,plasminogen and erythrocyte sedimentation rate equation K.They were divided into 3 groups,group of government employees,group of teachers and doctors and group of peasants and workers.Results Compared with other two groups,high shear and medium shear and low shear viscosity of whole blood,plasma viscosity,plasminogen,and erythrocyte sedimentation rate equation K in group of government employees were higher and there was marked difference(P0.01 or P0.05).Conclusion The increase of many hemorheological items and the risk factors of BHVS were very obvious in group of government employees.Their bad habits such as alcohol drinking,smoking,poor diet structure,lack of exercise,stress and poorly following doctor's advice were the key factors leading to BHVS,the functions of tissue and organs were influenced and microcirculation could be disturbed,leading to cardiovascular diseases if above-mentioned factors were not intervened.Regular physical examination was very important to people with abnormal hemorheology.


During the course of resource drying up in recent years, many resource-cities in our country caused many crises In this paper, according to the development fact of forestry-resource-city of Yichun, the thinking road of the changing model was put forward as follows: the development concepts, the industry switch, the system reforms and the sustainable development so on


In this paper, we propose car license plate recognition using morphological information and an enhanced neural network. Morphological information on horizontal and vertical edges was used to extract the license plate from a car image. We used a contour tracking algorithm combined with the method of histogram and location information to extract individual characters in the extracted plate. The enhanced neural network is proposed for recognizing them, which has the method of combining the ART-1 and the supervised teaming method. The proposed method has applied to real world car images. The experimental results show that the proposed method has better the extraction rates than the methods with information of the thresholding, the RGB and the HSI, respectively. And the proposed neural network has better recognition performance than the conventional neural networks.


This article is aimed at highlighting the success or otherwise of Special Economic Zones (SEZs) in India. India mooted the concept of Special Economic Zones in 1965 much before its neighboring country China adopted the same model. A Special Economic Zone is a geographical region that has economic laws that are more liberal than a country's typical economic laws. To boost the confidence of the investors Government has enacted Special Economic Zones Act, 2005. Since then, the growth rate of SEZ is enormous with almost 568 SEZs were given formal approval.An assessment is made keeping in view of the achievement of the declared objectives of SEZs since its inception. A comparison is made between India's SEZ model and China's SEZ model to understand the basic differences in both the models. Further, Strengths and Weaknesses are analyzed while identifying Opportunities and Threats in Indian scenario. The impact of recent global recession on functioning and growth of SEZs are also considered while assessing the success or otherwise of Special Economic Zones in India.


ABSTRACT We propose a structure for presenting risk assessments with the purpose of enhancing the transparency of the selection process of scientific theories and models derived from them. The structure has two stages, with 7 steps, where the stages involve two types of theories: core and auxiliary, which need to be identified in order to explain and evaluate observations and predictions. Core theories are those that are "fundamental" to the phenomena being observed, whereas auxiliary theories are those that describe or explain the actual observation process of the phenomena. The formulation of a scientific theory involves three constitutive components or types of judgments: explanative, evaluative, and regulative or aesthetic, driven by reason. Two perspectives guided us in developing the proposed structure: (1) In a risk assessment explanations based on notions of causality can be used as a tool for developing models and predictions of possible events outside the range of direct experience. The use of causality for development of models is based on judgments, reflecting regulative or aesthetic conceptualizations of different phenomena and how they (should) fit together in the world. (2) Weight of evidence evaluation should be based on falsification principles for excluding models, rather than validation or justification principles that select the best or nearly best-fitting models. Falsification entails discussion that identifies challenges to proposed models, and reconciles apparent inconsistencies between models and data. Based on the discussion of these perspectives the 7 steps of the structure are: the first stage for core theories, (A) scientific concepts, (B) causality network, and (C) mathematical model; and the second stage for auxiliary theories, (D) data interpretation, (E) statistical model, (F) evaluation (weight of evidence), and (G) reconciliation, which includes the actual decision formulation.


【Objective】The objective of this study is to investigate the role of reactive oxygen species(ROS) in heat-induced chilling tolerance in banana fruit.【Method】 In this study,10 μmol?L-1 diphenylene iodonium(DPI),a NADPH oxidase specific inhibitor,was used to inhibit ROS generation in hot water treated fruits.After heat treatment(52℃ for 3 min),banana fruits were stored at 7℃.The chilling injury index,Fv/Fm,contents of H2O2 and,activities of catalase(CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase(APX),gene expressions of MaCAT and MaAPX genes were determined.【Result】Compared with heat-treated fruits,fruits treated with DPI prior to heat treatment exhibited higher chilling injury index and lower values of Fv/Fm,Moreover,DPI treatment prevented heat-triggered H2O2 and accumulation,and inhibited the increase of the activities of CAT and APX,and the expressions of MaCAT and MaAPX genes.【Conclusion】 It is suggested that pre-treatment with DPI prevented the rapid accumulation of ROS induced by heat treatment,which counteracted heat treatment-induced chilling tolerance accordingly had a negative effect on the chilling tolerance induced by heat treatment and showed serious chilling injury symptoms.The reactive oxygen species induced by heat treatment might serve as signal molecules involving in chilling resistance of banana fruits.


Current needs of nuclear science and technology include complete, well-documented, and easily verifiable nuclear data. The complete data records require supporting nuclear bibliography, presently stored in dedicated libraries, in addition, to actual data. Experimental nuclear reaction data (EXFOR) and Nuclear Science References (NSR) databases contain compilations based on primary (journals) and secondary (conference proceedings, theses, preprints, etc.) publications, and data received from authors via private communications. The secondary library materials and private communications often represent a bottleneck for nuclear data verification, compilation, evaluation, and dissemination activities. To address this issue, bibliographic materials were scanned into PDF (Portable Document Format) files and uploaded in a relational database. The traditional scope of nuclear databases that includes meta-data and numbers derived from data in specialized formats was broadened to accommodate the large volumes of original nuclear data publications. The complete PDF publication files were stored in a relational database as Binary Large OBjects (BLOB). This unique collection of nuclear data compilations and supporting publications generate many opportunities for machine learning applications. The Web interfaces for authorized and public access to the EXFOR-NSR nuclear publications database were implemented at the U.S. National Nuclear Data Center, https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/ and IAEA Nuclear Data Section, https://www-nds.iaea.org/. The current system is complementary to major nuclear libraries and narrowly focused on nuclear data compilation and evaluation procedures. The contents of the PDF database, details of implementation, and Web interface are described. New capabilities for data curation, knowledge preservation, worldwide dissemination, and natural language processing (NLP) applications are given.


Abstract: This paper develops and tests a conceptual framework on the relationships between competition, time horizon and corporate social performance (CSP). We hypothesize that more intense competition discourages CSP by lowering the time horizon of companies. We test the hypothesis on a sample of 4696 of mainly small and medium-sized companies from twelve European countries. We distinguish between price competition, market position and technological competition. We find that companies with a longer time horizon have a higher CSP and that price competition and a 'level playing field' market position shorten the time horizon. The intensity of technological competition has a positive effect on time horizon, but also exerts a direct positive influence on CSP. Test results show that time horizon significantly mediates the influence of price competition, the market position and technological competition on CSP. The analysis implies that, from the perspective of CSP, the economic policy of the government should not focus on fostering price competition, but rather on strengthening competition in innovation.


Introduction Journal club holds a well-respected place in medical education by promoting critical review of the literature and fostering scholarly discussions. Journal clubs are often not available to trainees with niche interests due to the geographic limitations of subspecialty programs such as simulation, medical education, disaster medicine, ultrasound, global health, and women's health. Methods A recurring online journal club was held on a quarterly basis to connect simulation fellows. An online conferencing program with screen-sharing capabilities served as the platform for this scholarly exchange. Articles were presented by fellows supported by more seasoned mentors. We surveyed participants to evaluate the program and provide feedback to the presenter. Results The first eight sessions drew participants from across the United States and Canada. The program was highly rated by participants who commented specifically on its value. Presenters were also highly rated, suggesting that fellows, with online support and mentoring, were effective in providing a quality program. Conclusion Online synchronous journal clubs can fill an educational niche for subspecialists and their trainees, as demonstrated with this curriculum piloted with simulation fellows. Challenges of scheduling across time zones, distribution of materials, and recruitment of participants can be overcome by a dedicated team of facilitators aided by readily accessible technology.


In vitro studies are carried out on a phosphate-based glass system with different compositions (45P2O5–30CaO–(25−x) Na2O–xTiO2) of TiO2 (0≤x1 mol%). The optimization of bone-bonding ability of prepared glass samples is carried out by using studies such as ultrasonic velocities, energy-dispersive X-ray spectra, X-ray diffraction (XRD), in vitro, pH, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The result that is observed indicates a possible change in the structural property of glasses due to the addition of TiO2. The strong absorption band at 1100 cm−1 in FTIR pattern in all compositions that is observed indicates the presence of Ca2P2O7 after immersion in simulated body fluid solution. A high degree of absorption is noticed in 1.0 mol% of glass sample to which TiO2 was added, which ensures the growth of a rich Ca–P crystalline layer on the glass surface during in vitro studies. The XRD study on 1.0 mol% TiO2 after in vitro study confirms the formation of crystalline hydroxyapatite (HAp). SEM micrographs, FTIR, and pH observations show a small amount of formation of HAp in all prepared glass samples whereas a higher formation of HAp is noted on glass samples with 1.0 mol% TiO2.


The focus of this study is on the ranges of flow submergence and vegetation density which well exceed the ranges already studied by other researchers. The penetration distance e δ of large-scale turbulence into vegetation canopies has been assessed using vertical distributions of the normal and shear turbulent stresses. Although the estimates of e δ by the suggested methods are interconnected, their values may differ reflecting different aspects of flow-vegetation interactions. The estimates based on the shear stresses ' ' u w are most closely correlated with those from the profiles of the variance of the longitudinal velocity ' ' u u and thus can be used when two-component velocity measurements are not possible. The experimental assessment of the influence of characteristic turbulence scales and energy on flow penetration parameters was made using dimensionless numbers characterizing the interplay between depth-scale, canopy-scale, and wake-scale turbulent eddies. The data suggest that there may be mutually opposing effects leading to unexpected behaviors such as the blockage of depth-scale eddies by enhanced wake-scale turbulence.


Are separate markets for an externality that inefficient compared to a single market? We study this question in the context of the Clean Power Plan (CPP) in the U.S. and examine the relative economic efficiency of regional versus state-by-state implementation in the Pennsylvania-New Jersey-Maryland (PJM) Interconnection. We show that the potential negative effects of having separate markets for CO2 are mitigated by the fact that firms participate in a single market for electricity, and will optimally make their investment decisions taking into account the distribution of production and CO2 prices across markets. Despite lacking the "invisible hand" of a single market for CO2, profit-maximizing firms implicitly coordinate separate markets via investment in new capacity. ∗Abito: Business Economics and Public Policy Department, Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania email@example.com. Knittel: William Barton Rogers Professor of Energy Economics, Sloan School of Management, Director of the Center for Energy and Environmental Policy Research, MIT and NBER, firstname.lastname@example.com. Metaxoglou: Carleton University, email@example.com. Trindade: Getulio Vargas Foundation Graduate School of Economics, firstname.lastname@example.com. We thank seminar participants at Northwestern, Michigan, AEA 2016, IIOC and "the 3rd Low-Carbon Markets Workshop" for useful comments. The usual disclaimer applies.


Aim of this study was to evaluate by Micro-CT the structure of cancellous bone samples collected from historical human vertebrae of subjects affected by tuberculosis. Tuberculosis (TB) is a potentially fatal contagious disease most often caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis but also by M. bovis and, although seldom, by other Mycobacterium species (M. aviumintracellulare, M. africanum). It mainly involves the lungs but many other organs and tissues in the body might be affected (extrapulmonary tuberculosis). When it spreads to the bones ("osseous tuberculosis") it demonstrates a peculiar predilection for the spine (Pott's Disease) and for the end of long bones. Three patophysiological mechanism of spondylodiscitis are described in literature: hematogenous spread (venous or arterial), intraspinal extension of a paraspinal abscess or direct inoculation of the disc or of the spinal canal due to trauma or surgical procedures. Early stage spondylodiscitis usually involves the vertebral plate and later on, especially if not medically treated, it might affect the cancellous bone. TB bone involvement was more common in the past, even if lately its incidence is increasing in particular among immunocompromised individuals. In the pre-antibiotic era the mean incidence of skeletal involvement was around 5-7% (Steinbock, 1976). In clinical and anthropological literature there are few radiological studies on historical human samples affected by tuberculosis; especially rare are Micro-CT studies on Collection as numerous as ours. .


The hydration of two simple organic solutes has been studied using the molecular dynamics (MD) computer simulation method. Results of the simulations of a single 1,4-dioxane or 1,3-dioxane molecule dissolved in 122 water molecules are compared with those of a MD simulation of an empty cavity of corresponding size in 216 water molecules. This yields the opportunity to trace the specific effects of the polar and dispersion solute-solvent interactions on the properties of the water molecules in the hydration shell of the solute. The hydration shell properties of 1,4-dioxane (μ) = 0·14 D) are very similar to those of the corresponding cavity, whereas those of 1,3-dioxane (μ) = 1·91 D) show significant deviations. Earlier conclusions that water structure-making and water structure-breaking properties of 1,4-dioxane are about equally balanced, while 1,3-dioxane is definitely structure-breaking, are confirmed. Moreover, it is shown that a slower self-diffusion and reorientation of water molecules upon addition o...


Abstract A chromium contaminated soil area was studied, in order to recover metals present as contaminants in soils, associated to the soil remediation. A leaching solution of HCl (0,1 M) and NaCl (1,9 M) was used to extract the chromium content. The concentration of chromium in the leached solutions was analysed. For each contaminated sample, the evolution with time of chromium concentrations in leaching solutions was studied. A Langmuir-type model showed a good fit to experimental data, allowing the determination of the maximum concentration of chromium that can be reached in the leaching solutions, and the time required to attain a fixed leached concentration of chromium. The influence of natural organic matter content of the soil on the leaching time was evaluated. The results obtained allows to conclude that the natural organic matter content significantly influences the extraction time, due to the metal complexation by dissolved organic matter present in leaching solutions.


Because of the particular interest in lung cancer in these studies, which have thrown up evidence supporting a contributory psychological element in the aetiology of lung cancer, special reference is made in this paper to the psychosomatic histories of the relatives of lung cancer patients. Reports of studies on personality and on patients' own psychosomatic histories have already been published by Kissen~3, g> and Kissen and Eysenck. (9)


[1] A model has been developed that relates the structural properties of first-year sea ice to its inherent optical properties, quantities needed by detailed radiative transfer models. The structural-optical model makes it possible to calculate absorption coefficients, scattering coefficients, and phase functions for the ice from information about its physical properties. The model takes into account scattering by brine inclusions in the ice, gas bubbles in both brine and ice, and precipitated salt crystals. The model was developed using concurrent laboratory measurements of the microstructure and apparent optical properties of first-year, interior sea ice between temperatures of −33°C and −1°C. Results show that the structural-optical properties of sea ice can be divided into three distinct thermal regimes: cold (T −8°C). Relationships between structural and optical properties in each regime involve different sets of physical processes, of which most are strongly tied to freezing equilibrium of the brine and ice. Volume scattering in cold ice is dominated by the size and number distribution of precipitated hydrohalite crystals. Scattering at intermediate temperatures is controlled by changes in the distribution of brine inclusions, gas bubbles, and mirabilite crystals. Total volume scattering in this regime is approximately independent of temperature because of a balance between increasing and decreasing scattering related to the thermal evolution of these inclusions and scattering by drained inclusions. In warm ice, scattering is controlled principally by temperature-dependent changes in the real refractive index of brine and by the escape of gas bubbles from the ice. Model predictions indicate that scattering coefficients can exceed 3000 m−1 for cold ice, averaging ∼450 m−1 for moderate and warm ice and reaching a minimum of ∼340 m−1 at −8°C. Scattering in all three regimes is very strongly forward peaked, with values of the asymmetry parameter g generally falling between 0.975 (T = −8°C) and 0.995 (T = −33°C).


The popular press often focuses solely on the small business entrepreneur as a brash, forward thinking individual. However, behind each leader is usually a team of employees who work with and support the entrepreneurial venture, leading it to success. These employees, who are vital to the continued operation and growth of the business, need training to ensure that they are fully productive and can help the small business overcome the managerial and growth challenges small businesses face. This study seeks to address the question: As the firm ages, do the tools used for employee development change?


Abstract: The re-introduction of free primary education (FPE) in Kenya in 2003 increased enrolment at this level of education from 5.9 million pupils to 7.6 million pupils. By 2011, enrolment stood at 9.2 million pupils representing a 63% increase rate in nine years. This enrolment growth increased pupil-teacher ratio (PTR), a factor that has been associated with below average performance by a majority of pupils in the exit examination, specifically Kenya Certificate of Primary Education (KCPE) examination. However, there is paucity of research to confirm this assertion. Studies done outside Kenya have indicated that apart from PTR, school location (rural vis-a-vis urban) has a bearing on pupils' academic performance. This study, therefore sought to determine whether PTR and school location influence performance in KCPE examination. Documented data was collected from 59 primary schools in Ol kalou Division, Kenya and subsequently analysed using chi-square statistic at .05 alpha level. Although the relationship between PTR and KCPE examination performance was statistically insignificant (p>.05) performance depicted an upward trend towards low PTR schools. Relationship between KCPE examination performance was statistically significant (P<.05) with urban schools recording better results than rural schools. The study offers useful insights to the government on how to improve pupils' performance in the KCPE examination.


In this paper,the necessity of the coordinated control is further discussed under state-switch based on the analysis of dynamical characteristics of both engine and motor. The thoughts of torque compensation and powertrain sequence are illustrated with detail and used to build up simulation model.The acceleration fluctuation is used to measure the simulation results of the coordinated control strategy, and it is finally manifested by the simulation results which are got through MATLAB/SIMULINK and CRUISE that the coordinated control algorithm can effectively reduce the fluctuation of vehicle acceleration and ensure smooth power transfer under state-switch.


The arrival of television into the British home in the post-war period coincided with rising standards of comfort, provided by utilities such as gas and electricity and the devices that they powered. Television, in its capacity as a broadcast medium, was another utility flowing into the post-war home, providing domestic leisure. This article will explore how the material image of the television set became emblematic of the modern, leisure-based home, examining how it was used, in conjunction with gas and electricity, to construct an idealized comfortable home. This relationship was promoted in lifestyle magazines, advertisements, design publications and exhibitions. I will argue that from this relationship an idealized television lifestyle emerged, based around comfort and leisure, which was used to promote the consumption of gas and electricity, thus embedding television's material form in consumer culture. In this way, the article will position the history of television in relation to the other utilities which shaped the home in this period, namely gas and electricity.


This paper proposes a long-term forecasting scheme and implementation method based on the interval type-2 fuzzy sets theory for traffic flow data. The type-2 fuzzy sets have advantages in modeling uncertainties because their membership functions are fuzzy. The scheme includes traffic flow data preprocessing module, type-2 fuzzification operation module and long-term traffic flow data forecasting output module, in which the Interval Approach acts as the core algorithm. The central limit theorem is adopted to convert point data of mass traffic flow in some time range into interval data of the same time range (also called confidence interval data) which is being used as the input of interval approach. The confidence interval data retain the uncertainty and randomness of traffic flow, meanwhile reduce the influence of noise from the detection data. The proposed scheme gets not only the traffic flow forecasting result but also can show the possible range of traffic flow variation with high precision using upper and lower limit forecasting result. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is verified using the actual sample application.


Abstract : OBJECTIVES A primary goal of this research is to model biological clutter in the continental shelf environments of the ocean. We aim to do this by modeling scattered returns from fish shoals in continental shelf environments using a full field matched filter approach as well as its single frequency approximation. This will help in characterizing clutter and will help distinguish scattered fields of moving targets from stationary background reverberation and submerged targets in sonar data. We aim to develop a unified theory and model for ocean reverberation dependent on seafloor parameters such as density, compressibility and coherence volume. We will use a full field matched filter approach and its time harmonic approximation to model reverberation from volume inhomogeneities. A Monte-Carlo approach based on the parabolic equation will be applied to model acoustic wave propagation in a fluctuating ocean waveguide. We aim at using the model to invert for these parameters and obtain accurate estimates by calibrating modeled returns with data collected during past Ocean Acoustic Waveguide Remote Sensing (OAWRS) experiments in 2003 and 2006 in the New Jersey continental shelf and the Gulf of Maine, respectively. The final goal of this research is to test the hypothesis that inexpensive underwater acoustic measurements can be used to determine the wind speed and classify the destructive power of a hurricane with greater accuracy than standard satellite remote sensing techniques and with at least the same accuracy as hurricane hunting aircraft.


IT has been known for a long time that ox-bile, on hydrolysis with alkalis, yields, in addition to the chief product, cholalic acid, at least two other acids, viz. choleic and deoxycholeic acids. Nevertheless, up till quite recently, no satisfactory method of separation of these acids ,has existhd, and it has been impossible to form any conception as to the relate quantities which are produced when ox-bile is hydrolysed with caustic alkalis. As large quantities of bile-acids were required for the-puroses of various investigations, a research was commenced some time ago, with the object of obtaining a method for preparing the unconjugated acids in a satisfactory manner. When the main principles of the separation described in this paper had been already evolved, a publication by Pregl and Buchtalal appeared, in which a method was described by means of which the three unconjugated bile-acids could be obtained in a satisfactory yield. It is of interest to note, however, that the method of Pregl and Buchtala, and the method described in this paper differ from one another in almost every detail.


A variety of arguments suggest that the most common form of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), those longer than a few seconds, involve the formation of black holes in supernova-like events. Two kinds of "collapsar" models are discussed, those in which the black hole forms promptly—a second or so after iron core collapse—and those in which formation occurs later, following "fallback" over a period of minutes to hours. In most cases, extraction of energy from a rapidly accreting disk (and a rapidly rotating black hole) is achieved by magnetohydrodynamical processes, although neutrino-powered models remain viable in cases where the accretion rate is ≳0.05M⊙ s−1. GRBs are but one observable phenomenon accompanying black hole birth and other possibilities are discussed, some of which (long, faint GRBs and soft x-ray transients) may await discovery. Since they all involve black holes of similar mass accreting one to several M⊙, collapsars have a nearly standard total energy, around 1052 erg, but both the fraction of tha...


The United States Supreme Court's role as final interpreter of the laws and Constitution of the United States makes it the most important judicial body in the world.' This Article will advance a proposal to change the term of office of the Justices who wield this power. Individuals view the law differently. This is true even when they serve as judges, including service as Justices of the United States Supreme Court. For illustration of this point, consider the Court's 1985 term.2 Of the 159 cases decided with full opinion, 3 the members of the Court disagreed as to disposition in 113, or over seventy-one percent of the total. 4 In an additional sixteen cases, the members of the Court were able to agree as to disposition, but found it necessary to explain their rationale in separate opinions.5 In the bulk of the cases, the Justices sitting in decision, all sworn to uphold the same laws and Constitution, and informed by the same precedents, were unable to agree. 6 In thirty-six of these cases-nearly one quarter of the total-the Court divided 5-4, so that the changed vote of a single Justice could have changed the disposition of the case and the Court's holding. 7


To reveal the anti_inflammatory mechanism of Baihu Zhuifeng Capsule(BZC),the effects of BZC on synovial interleukin_1(IL_1),alpha tumor necrosis factor (TNF α)and prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2),and blood oxygen free radical and niric oxide(NO)in rats with adjuvant arthritis(AA)were observed.The results showed that BZC could reduce the hyper secretion of IL-1,TNF α and PGE 2,decrease serum lipid peroxides and NO contents and increase superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase levels.It is indicated that the mechanism of BZC is probably related to the inhibition of synovial cytokines and inflammatory mediator and the antioxidation.


Abstract Background: Educational strategies are necessary for the care of patients with fibromyalgia. The objective was to develop and validate an e-book to promote the health of individuals with fibromyalgia. Methods: Methodological research in which, initially, through a bibliographic survey, the available publications on the subject were analyzed. Then, this knowledge was used to build the theoretical content addressed, and the art and layout of the e-book were elaborated. In the third phase, validation of the constructed material, content specialists (n = 23), technicians (n = 23) and design specialists (n = 23), and individuals with fibromyalgia (n = 45) evaluated the e-book through the Delphi technique. For data collection, different questionnaires were used, according to the evaluation focus of each participant group, analyzed for reliability using Cronbach's Alpha (αC) and agreement using the Content Validity Index (CVI). Results: In the global assessment of agreement from all groups of judges, the CVI presented a considerable minimum: content (0.79), technical (0.89), design (0.92), and target audience (0.97). Regarding reliability, all groups also had a αC within the acceptable range: content (0.960), technical (0.963), design (0.977), and target audience (1.08). Conclusions: The e-book was developed and validated in terms of content and relevance and can be used to promote the health of individuals with fibromyalgia.


Monolothic applications are being migrated to architectures based on microservices, due to its popularity, integration capacity and the development independence of each microservice. This migration requires new integration testing methods, ensuring reliable communication between microservices. This study is based on systematically identifying, analyzing and classifying publication trends, research topics, approaches, tools and challenges for communication between microservices, considering the use of contract tests. From an initial set of 496 articles, 25 of primary studies were selected, aiming to answer three research questions. As a result of this study, we have identified: (i) the research themes that characterize emerging approaches; (ii) the techniques and tools that can be used in various parts of the development cycle; (iii) the challenges of planning test cycles and facilitating the design of microservices architectures based on the study of contracts.


Network technology in recent years been the rapid development and the spread of network information resources management and disorderly, leading to the Internet there are a lot of false information harmful information and unhealthy information, and even produce some offence.In this paper, the network information resources management and development of the status of discussions, and from a different point of view, to put forward some management approach.


Development of U-type pre-stressed girders has been attempted to increase the length of I-type girders in South Korea. However, a length of 30 m or less is common because the self-weight, according to the post-tension method, is large. In this study, the pre-tension method was applied without limiting the post-tension method to induce a reduction in self-weight and in the materials used because of the decrease in the cross section. In addition, the authors proposed an application of an on-site pre-tensioning method using the internal reaction arm of a U-type girder. A pre-stressed concrete U-type girder bridge is composed of a concrete deck slab and a composite section. Structural performance characteristics, such as resistance and rigidity, were improved compared to those of the PSC I-type girders. Construction safety is also improved in the manufacturing and installation stages, and the elongation ratio is reduced because of the reduction in the weight of the girders. Therefore, it is possible to ensure the aesthetic landscape and economic efficiency of bridges. As a result, it is expected that efficient construction will be possible with high-quality factory-made and cast-in-place members. In this study, the pre-tension method is introduced in the field, and the analytical performance of the anchoring block used for tension is verified.


Flaxseed gum was evaluated for its application as a stabilizer for salad dressing. It was found that for stabilization to occur the concentration of gum had to be higher than 0.45% (w/w). Solvent quality affected the stability of model oil-inwater emulsions. Flaxseed gum stabilized emulsions were stable at pHs greater than 2. 8. Lower values caused the polysaccharide to have a compact configuration or caused cleavage of the polymer creating instability. Larger mean droplet size and creaming were observed when the pH was too low or the gum concentration was not sufficient for coverage. Salt addition greatly affected the rheological properties of the polysaccharide; however, the electrolyte improved the emulsifying capabilities of the egg yolk protein. Aging weakened the polymer network structure as shown by a decrease in Newtonian viscosity with a corresponding increase in phase angle confirming the transformation to a more fluid system.


The work considers integrative methodological aspects of Project Management and Quality Management. Starting from the conception goals and functionalities of the cited syntagmas, their interdependent conditionality and functionalities are analyzed. The importance of quality in Project Management as a basic integrative component exerts influence on developing the concept 'Project Quality Management'. The authors' intention is to point to, by the analysis of key components of the cited concept, the advantages that provide this concept to the organization in developing and implementing the project and attaining the integral quality as a strategic goal. The special emphasis is placed on Quality Management because no process in the organization can be considered successful without quality testing of every single task. Every project represents the process of realization of numerous in advance determined activities satisfying all the aspects of quality.


Honey is a human food ingredient produced by bees. Honey is a special food ingredient and has high nutritional value, honey has been proven to be used as a burn medicine and as an antioxidant. More specifically and honey can be used to prevent liver damage due to obstruction of the common bile duct and due to cysticercus cysts in the liver. Honey is known to contain organic acids, minerals, vitamins, and is rich in active substances that act as antioxidants that can protect the liver from damage. Research also confirms that the phenolic antioxidants present in honey are very effective, thus increasing the body's resistance to fighting oxidative stress. Cigarette smoke contains 4000 types of organic substances and cigarette smoke can become free radicals that can cause oxidative stress and damage normal tissue. The method used in this study was true experimental with a post-test only controlled group design. Using  30 male mice, the results obtained were that the provision of honey had an effect on the microscopic image of the liver of male mice exposed to cigarette smoke, but the statistical test results did not show any significant differences between the control group and the treatment group. Further research is needed with different dose variations.


Although kinematic analysis of conventional mechanisms is a well-documented fundamental issue in mechanisms and robotics, the emerging reconfigurable mechanisms and robots (or mechanisms and robots with multiple operation modes) require re-examining this fundamental issue. Recent advances in mathematics, especially algebraic geometry and numerical algebraic geometry, make it possible to develop an efficient method for the kinematic analysis of not only conventional mechanisms and robots but also reconfigurable mechanisms and robots. This paper first presents a method for setting up a set of kinematic loop equations for mechanisms using dual quaternions. Using this approach, a set of kinematic loop equations of a spatial mechanism is composed of six equations. The effectiveness of the proposed kinematic loop equations is then demonstrated by deriving the explicit input-output equations of a line symmetric 1-DOF (degree-of-freedom) 7R single-loop spatial mechanism, the re-configuration analysis of a novel multi-mode 1-DOF 7R spatial mechanism. In the former case, an explicit input-output equation of degree 8 is derived. In the latter case, it is found that the 7R multi-mode mechanism has three motion modes, including a planar 4R mode, an orthogonal Bricard 6R mode, and a plane symmetric 6R mode. Unlike the 7R multi-mode mechanisms in the literature, the 7R multi-mode mechanism presented in this paper does not have a 7R mode in which all the seven R joints can move simultaneously.Copyright © 2016 by ASME


Background: supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) leads to production of leukotriene (LT) B5, which is biologically less active than LTB4. LTB4 is important chemoattractant in neutrophilic inflammation in CF lung disease. Methods: nine F508del homozygous CF patients (5 females) aged 25.6±3.3 (mean±SD) years were treated for 6 weeks with n-3 PUFA (dosis corresponding to 1.3% of energy intake). Exhaled breath condensates (EBC) were collected before and after treatment. pH and LTB4 concentration (pg/ml) were measured in EBC samples. Results: pH was increased (from 6.08±0.39 to 6.32±0.18; p = 0.013) and LTB4 concentration was decreased (from 227.3±195.0 to 134.9±67.3 pg/ml; p = 0.075) in EBC after n-3 PUFA treatment. Conclusion: LTB4 concentration in EBC tend to be lower after n-3 PUFA treatment and EBC is significantly less acidified, which may reflect less intense neutrophilic inflammation. Supported by: internal grant of University Hospital Motol No. 9755.


In this study, pure graphene nano-ribbon were used to detect toxic gases under study, which are carbon monoxide, hydro cyanide and methane. The study focused on describing graphene nano-ribbons as sensors for these gases and their use in environmental applications. Quantitative computing methods have been used to calculate the properties of the ground state by density function theory (DFT) and the properties of the stationary state, it was computed by using the time-dependent Schrödinger equation. Ground-state calculations include geometric optimization, total energy, ionization potential, electron affinity, molecular orbit energies, energy gap, adsorption energy and infrared spectrum. Whereas, the time-dependent Schrödinger equation calculations included the UV-Visible spectrum calculations, in order to characterize them as detectors of toxic gases. It was found by studying the adsorption of pure graphene nano-ribbons is sensitive to carbon monoxide, clearly and higher than hydro cyanide and methane. Also, as a result of the chemical reaction, there is a clear effect on the values of the energy gap, the ionization potential, and other associated properties. The effect of the chemical reaction continues at an adsorption distance of 2 angstroms from the surface. As for the infrared radiation calculations, it showed that the appearance of free radicals of adsorbed gases on the surface of the nano-ribbons is a clear evidence of the occurrence of chemical reaction with high energy. Through the results, the calculations of the UV-visible spectrum showed a clear shift in the computed spectrum at the ranges of high-energy interaction (34.0385-22.3212) and (15.7433-3.3246) electron volts for both nano-ribbons.


* The Demographic Cycle 2. World Demographic Disequilibrium 3. Demographic Danger Spots - Japan, China and India 4. Population and Food Supply 5. Population and Peace


The examination of 41 patients with phlegmons of the face and neck has revealed a considerable activation of kininogenesis. The application of the RUVIB method in 29 patients who had the most severe course of the disease allowed protease inhibitors to be rejected even in cases with sepsis and mediastinitis, effects of RUVIB exerted the regulation of processes of kininogenesis with the help of endogenous mechanisms.


Dear Editor, Mastermind-like transcriptional coactivator 2 (MAML2) translocation is known as a molecular marker unique to mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC), which is the most common malignant tumor of the salivary gland. However, there is no report on the translocation of the MAML2 gene in hidradenocarcinoma. A 54-year-old woman was referred to our department for a tumor on the right axilla, which had appeared more than 10 years prior. Physical examination revealed a granular, pale pink, 61 mm 9 45 mm 9 21 mm hard tumor (Fig. 1a). Computed tomography revealed no distant metastasis but several swollen right axillary lymph nodes. A skin biopsy was


The immunogenicity of DNA vaccines is partially attributable to the adjuvant properties of bacterial plasmid DNA (pDNA) for B lymphocytes and professional antigen‐presenting cells. In mice, modification of immunostimulatory sequences (ISSs), including CpG motifs, in pDNA vectors or oligodeoxynucleotides can increase or decrease their adjuvant properties. ISSs that stimulate optimal responses reportedly differ for murine and human leukocytes. We have previously characterized the mitogenic properties of oligodeoxynucleotides containing one AACGTT motif for bovine B lymphocytes. We now define cytokine responses by macrophages stimulated with pDNA engineered to contain an ISS comprising two AACGTT motifs. Macrophages activated with CpG‐modified pDNA secreted significantly more interleukin‐12, tumor necrosis factor‐α, and nitric oxide than macrophages stimulated with unmodified pDNA or modified pDNA that contained nucleotides scrambled to remove CpG motifs. Engineered CpG‐pDNA or CpG‐oligodeoxynucleotides should be useful as vaccines or adjuvants to promote the enhanced type 1 responses important for protection against intracellular pathogens.


El Nino's devastating winter storms have taken a big toll on California roads as the $220-million damage estimate keeps rising. The California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) expects to spend about $20 million alone on a landslide-prone hillside that threatens a key 2,000-ft-long (610-m) stretch of the scenic Pacific Coast Highway in Malibu. Contractors have hauled more than 17,000 cu yd (12,998 cu m) of material and demolished two hillside houses that were in danger of crashing onto the road. After an initial earth berm failed to stop debris, Caltrans installed a 600-ft-long (183-m), 16-ft-tall (5-m) barrier constructed of double-stacked rail cars welded together.


Due to the difficulty in electric distribution network reinforcement and the interconnection of more distributed generations, fault current level has become a serious problem in system operations. The utilization of solid-state fault current limiters (SSFCLs) in power system provides an effective way to suppress fault currents and result in considerable saving in the investment of high capacity circuit breakers. The limiter must reduce fault current to a level below the momentary capabilities of the system components and permit correct relay operation within the interrupting capabilities of circuit breakers. The additional feature of SSFCL is the improvement of power quality by reduces the voltage sag during the fault. The limiter impedance is tuned by the gating controller of thyristor. Design methods and component selection criteria are developed. The simulation results, limiting effect, and mitigation capability are discussed and summarized.


This paper describes a solid modeling and interactive graphics computer system which is being used for conceptual and detailed design by the mechanical design community at IBM's Data Systems Division Laboratory in Poughkeepsie, New York. The system has evolved from research on solid modeling begun at IBM's Thomas J. Watson Research Center in the mid-70s. Its development has resulted in one of the first major production uses of solid modeling in industry. The system was first tested in pilot and limited production environments in 1981, and is now in production use as the primary design tool for mechanical portions of IBM's large computer mainframes. Its introduction, development, integration, and use are described, and its functional and performance characteristics as well as requirements for future enhancements are discussed. We conclude from our experience that solid modeling has become a significant new production tool for mechanical design.


In the late 1970s a successful joint forest management strategy was established in Sukhomajiri. By initiating a dialogue with villagers, key issues were identified which led to the construction of earthen dams for the provision of irrigation water. This in turn led to increased fodder production that reduced the grazing pressure on nearby forests and therefore improved the forest condition, reducing sedimentation of a nearby reservoir. With this success, the project was expanded throughout the region between 1990 and 1998. Unfortunately the successes of the original project were not replicated and the scaling-up efforts ended in rapid siltation with only 20% of the dams functioning by 2000.


Rangeland cattle production is the largest agricultural sector of Uruguay. It has shown a slow improvement in productivity over the last three decades. Ranches produce up to three products (beef, sheep-meat, and wool) usually combined into an equivalent meat index. A comparison between stochastic production frontier (SPF) and multi-output stochastic ray frontier (SRF) to estimate technical efficiency measures of ranches is used. The database comprises 70 ranches over a maximum of 3 years, totalizing 201 individual observations. We find that the average level of technical efficiency is 0.769 for SPF and 0.779 for SRF, which suggests that ranches can expand cattle production using the current level of inputs and production technology available. Moreover, technical efficiency is decreasing among the considered period. Acknowledgement :


The method of interval Partial Least Squares (iPLS) is combined with multiway partial least-squares (MPLS) to allow the building of enhanced statistical process performance monitoring models. A novel algorithm is proposed for segmenting batch duration, or spectral data in applications employing spectroscopy data into several subintervals for which independent PLS models can be constructed. The approach deviates from the method of using subintervals of equal length and the practice of choosing only a subset of these subintervals for prediction and/or monitoring. The proposed approach provides dramatic reduction in the number of subintervals required and subsequently the number of PLS models required to give improved prediction and monitoring performance. The proposed method, MiPLS, is applied to the well-known benchmark fed-batch penicillin production simulator, Pensim, for quality variable prediction and fault detection.


The aim of the research was to find out the histopathological appearance of chicken caecum due infected by Eimeria tenella oocyst that attenuated through the serial passage. This research used histopathological scores and the number of schizont to show the changes due attenuated E. tenella. Twenty four male chickens were divided into four groups and each group consisted five male chickens as repetition and one male chicken as a control. The first group was infected by E. tenella parent lines, the second group was infected by precocious lines E. tenella of the first group, the third group was infected by precocious lines E. tenella of the second group, then the fourth group was infected by precocious lines E. tenella of the third group. The feces samples was proccessed by sediment and floating method. Histopathological score and the total number of schizont were examined under microscope with magnification 400-1000x. The result showed that there was significantly difference (p<0.05) in the score of hemorrhage between the first, second, third and fourth group. The score of caecum epithel erosion showed significantly difference (p<0.05) between the first, second, third, and fourth group. The number of schizont showed significantly difference (p<0.05) between the first, second, third, and fourth group. Moreover, attenuation through serial passage decrease injury levels of histophatological chicken caecum and the number of schizont.


The invention is applied in the technical field of Internet protocol televisions (IPTV), and provides a character interception method based on an electronic program guide page in the IPTV. The method comprises the following steps of: acquiring the character widths of various characters of various word sizes in different browsers; and analyzing input characters in a character display area one by one and intercepting the characters according to the width of the character display area of the electronic program guide page and the character widths of various characters of various word sizes. Correspondingly, the invention also provides a character interception system based on the electronic program guide page in the IPTV. Therefore, by the method and the system, the characters of the electronic program guide page can be accurately intercepted in a cross-browser way.


In this paper, the modelling of land use change for Doon valley was done. The modelling was begun with known land use at two different periods (2006 and 2013) and used them to project and model change into the future (2020). The two techniques used to model land use change are Markov Chain Analysis and Cellular Automata Analysis. This transition probability matrix was developed to show the land use land cover change from 2006 to 2013, which was used to predict for 2020. The transition probabilities was accurate on a per category basis, but there was lack of knowledge of the spatial distribution about the instances within each land use category, i.e., there was no spatial component in the modelling outcome. Cellular automata (CA) helped to add character which had been spatially distributed to the model. CA_Markov was used to 'grow out' land use from 2013 to 2020 along with contiguity filter. In essence, the CA filter would develop a spatially-explicit weighting factor which would be applied to each of the suitabilities, measuring more heavily areas that were close to existing land uses. This ensured that land use change occurs proximate to existing land use classes, and not wholly random. The model was validated with 1999 LULC MAP and 2006 LULC MAP, and 2013 LULC MAP was predicted. The predicted 2013 LULC MAP was compared with actual 2013 LULC MAP which gave a comparable result with an overall error of 0.019%. The final predicted 2020 LULC MAP showed an overall increase in agricultural land, fallow land and vacant land by 124.42%, 0.77% and 3.77% respectively, and an overall decrease in forest land and waterbody by 15.20% and 17.32% respectively. The analysis of the data and generation of prediction map had been accomplished through CA_Markov process.


Valence-band offset (VBO) of n-ZnO/p-NiO heterojunction has been investigated by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Core levels of Zn 2p and Ni 2p were used to align the VBO of n-ZnO/p-NiO heterojunction. It was found that n-ZnO/p-NiO heterojunction has a type-II band alignment and its VBO is determined to be 2.60±0.20 eV, and conduction-band offset is deduced to be 2.93±0.20 eV. The experimental VBO value is in good agreement with the calculated value based on the electron affinity of ZnO and NiO.


The fused CDEF ring system of lancifodilactone G is assembled via a Nozaki-Hiyama-Kishi cross-coupling reaction and a Petasis-Claisen ring expansion sequence as the key strategic steps.


Three spacecraft are currently orbiting the Moon, Chang'e-1 from China, Kaguya from Japan and Chandrayaan-1 from India. The American Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter will join them later this year. Russia is developing lunar rover hardware, for itself and for other countries. In Europe, both Germany and the UK are contemplating their own lunar missions, both outside the boundaries of the European Space Agency, to which they both belong. China and India are discussing the idea of sending manned missions to the Moon within the next decade or so. The Moon has once again risen to the top of the space agenda worldwide.


"Primary" pulmonary histiocytosis X is a disease of unknown etiology. The clinical and pathologic features of 11 cases diagnosed by lung biopsy are reviewed. The disease was found more often in males and ages ranged from three months to 59 years. The children reported appear to be unique as no others with isolated pulmonary disease were encountered in a review of the literature. Electron microscopic observations in one case revealed rod-like intracytoplasmic inclusions in some histiocytes. Although previously described in skin, bone and pulmonary lesions of histiocytosis X, the nature of these inclusions is not known. Six patients died, four apparently due to effects of pulmonary disease, one patient of pneumonia and another in an auto accident two years after the diagnosis had been confirmed.


The limited use of the potential benefits of regular physical activity encourages us to reflect on the possible causes of this state of affairs. The relevance of evolution has been recognized and exploited in other health science disciplines (evolution medicine, evolutionary psychology). It is therefore necessary to make such considerations in terms of exercise therapy. According to Dobzhansky, "Nothing in biology makes sense – except in the light of evolution." This statement also applies to exercise therapy. The article derives from the evolutionary perspective and explains the possible causes of lack of motivation for physical activity and the causes of resultant obesity.


MR Wicclair. 245 pages. New York: Oxford Univ Pr; 1993. $35.00. ISBN 0-19-055315-X. Order phone 800-451-7556. During a conversation with a physician colleague about a particularly vexing clinical conundrum, I suggested consulting a renowned ethicist we both know. My colleague responded with an angry look and said, Why ask his opinion? He can never reach a decision. Indeed, physicians expect consultants to tell us which path to follow. By contrast, ethicists explore the spectrum of paths available and the principles influencing decisions. Many physicians are troubled when they discover that more options need consideration, that an optimal choice is not available, or that a choice is not theirs to make. Reactions include a range of responses. Some state emphatically, I know what is right and will now proceed to do it. Others welcome the opportunity to illuminate ambiguities. If you count yourself among the latter, this text is for you. The book avoids the ponderous, convoluted presentations of ethical principles often found in other texts. It moves at a steady pace through areas particularly relevant for practitioners dealing with adult situations, especially internists, family physicians, geriatricians, nurses, social workers, and fellows. Ethical principles are labeled in chapter subheadings and explored in a straightforward way using a minimum of jargon. Comments that expand on important concepts but that would interrupt the flow of the text are discreetly placed in chapter endnotes. Case discussions at the end of each chapter engage the reader and encourage self-assessment. Clinicians will find the issues clinically accurate and timely. The text is detailed and critical, reflecting the author's wide experience. The topics presented include withholding and withdrawing life-sustaining treatment, dealing with terminal conditions and dementia, age rationing, paternalism, research in elderly populations, and the obligations of adult children to frail elderly parents. Practical advice is woven into the discussion. For example, the author cautions physicians against adopting the role of the ethical police. When confronted with family members who resist decisions by older relatives, the author suggests that patience is a limited virtue. Sooner or later, family members must come to terms with the loss of their loved one. Although the book covers many areas of concern, it provides no analysis of cultural differences. For example, some persons feel that mentioning illness triggers a decline because they believe that words become reality. Full disclosure is harmful for them. In some cultures, family members must decide important issues on behalf of their elders. For them, advance directives are inappropriate. This is an extremely useful text. It is readable and will serve as a guide and an excellent teaching resource.


Taking full advantages of RFID technology relative to barcode, we collect the data of every link of organic vegetables including breeding, growing, fertilizing, farming, inspecting, harvesting, logistics and distribution. In view of the agricultural enterprises own characteristics, we develope the organic vegetables safety traceability system. In this system, not only can our customers take part in every link of organic vegetables traceabilty, but also purchase all kinds of rest asured organic vegetables online. The agricultural enterprise can also monitor each link of the organic vegetables. Linking to the governmental food security management platform, the system will not only enhance the food security management level, but also promote the healthy development of the agricultural industry.


ABSTRACT Climate change projections of precipitation and temperature suggest that Serbia could be one of the most affected regions in southeastern Europe. To prepare adaptation measures, the impact of climate changes on water resources needs to be assessed. Pilot research is carried out for the Lim River basin, in southeastern Europe, to predict monthly flows under different climate scenarios. For estimation of future water availability, an alternative approach of developing a deterministic-stochastic time series model is chosen. The proposed two-stage time series model consists of several components: trend, long-term periodicity, seasonality and the stochastic component. The latter is based on a transfer function model with two input variables, precipitation and temperature, as climatic drivers. The Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency for the observed period 1950–2012 is 0.829. The model is applied for the long-term hydrological prediction under the representative concentration pathway (RCP) emissions scenarios for the future time frame 2013–2070.


The performance of the 1500+ engineers at MSFC is critical to the Center's mission. Worker's performance, however, is a variable affected by ability, motivation, role understanding, and other factors. Managing subordinates' performance is a great challenges to managers. Special challenges confront the managers of engineers because engineers often work with general goals, long deadlines, and considerable autonomy. The productivity of a team or branch is a function of the productivity of each of its members. While many managers have personal theories about how to run their work group, surprisingly little systematic scientific knowledge exerts about the effects of various factors on engineers' productivity. This study is intended to help lay the foundation for such a program of research.


General rights Copyright for the publications made accessible via the Edinburgh Research Explorer is retained by the author(s) and / or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing these publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Take down policy The University of Edinburgh has made every reasonable effort to ensure that Edinburgh Research Explorer content complies with UK legislation. If you believe that the public display of this file breaches copyright please contact firstname.lastname@example.com providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. The structure and dynamics in a monolayer of dipolar soft spheres have been investigated using molecular dynamics simulations. This is a basic model of colloidal ferrofluid monolayers, and other magnetic liquids in planar geometries, which can exhibit self-assembled chainlike aggregates due to strong dipole-dipole interactions. The effects of such chaining on the structure, single-particle translational and rotational motions, and the collective rotational motions are examined. The signatures of aggregation in the various structural and dynamical functions considered in this study could prove useful in experimental investigations of strongly dipolar materials.


[Purpose] This study investigated the influence of pelvic angles on back muscle activity during upper limb elevation. [Subjects] Ten healthy males participated in this study. [Methods] We measured back muscle activities at 5 ̊ anterior pelvic tilt, and 5 and 15 ̊ of posterior pelvic tilt while sitting with upper limb elevation of 90°. Surface electromyography of the activities of the right trapezius upper fibers, middle fibers, lower fibers, lumbar erector spinae and lumbar multifidus were recorded. [Results] Posterior tilt of the pelvis decreased the lumbar multifidus activity, but increased trapezius muscle activity. [Conclusion] The results suggest that exercise of the back muscles with 5 ̊ anterior pelvic while sitting would effectively activate the lumbar multifidus.


Castor for industrial trucks, having a roller fork which bears the roller so as to be capable of rotating about a horizontal axis and which can be pivoted about a vertical axis by means of a bearing component and, if appropriate, is mounted so as to be tiltable about a horizontal axis, and having a spring which has its own damping, between the roller fork and the bearing component or the vehicle for the damped, resilient support of the roller, characterised in that a hydraulic cylinder which is filled with a viscous, compressible elastomer is provided as spring-damping element whose piston has at least one throttle bore and/or forms a throttle gap with the cylinder wall.


Seasamum called as 'queen' of oilseeds by virtue of its excellent oil quality and considered as one of the oldest oilseed crop. Seasamum is highly beneficial as it contains 42-50% oil and the oil contains 42.00 per cent essential Linoleic acid, 25% Protein and 16International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 8 Number 08 (2019) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com


Introduction: Breast cancers are the most common cancers affecting females worldwide; the incidence of breast cancers new cases was more than 1,700,000 cases per year. Moreover , breast cancers are responsible for about 700,000 deaths worldwide every year, (Ferlay, et al., 2013). Aim of work: this study aimed to study the relationship between type II diabetes mellitus and breast cancers among Egyptian females. Patient and methods: Our study included 53 Egyptian females with breast cancers that prepared for surgical mastectomy either in Minia university hospital or Minia oncology center. Participants of this study were arranged into two groups according to D.M status: Group (I): Type II diabetic Egyptian females with breast cancer & Group (II): Non-diabetic Egyptian females with breast cancer. Multiple breast tissue biopsies obtained from malignant breast tissues and adjacent normal tissues obtained from free margins then fixed and stained with IHC stain to assess: Breast Tissue Estrogen Receptors (ER), Progesterone Receptors (PR), Chemerin expression and IGF-1 receptors expression. Results: our results clarified that there were significant differences between diabetic and non-diabetic groups as regards Tumor Size (p= 0.004), L.N Metastasis (p= 0.006), Distant Metastasis (p= 0.003) which signifying a worse TNM score among diabetic patients compared with non-diabetic patients. ER Expression in Malignant Tissues (p= 0.045), PR Expression In Malignant Tissues (p= 0.001), Tumor Grading (p= 0.02). Conclusions: the preexisting D.M coveys a worse prognostic outcomes among diabetic compared with non-diabetic egyptia females with breast cancers.


Based on the hypotheses that the characteristics of the discourse and the competence of the social agents that produce it maintain a relationship that we cal...


The holographic optical storage capacity with photopolymer is improved by creating a multigrating onto the surface of a azopolymer thin film with the use of a liquid droplet. We show by this method that three kinds of gratings can be created and controlled by different laser beam parameters as polarization or incident angle.


THE USE of psychiatric rating scales for quantifying symptoms and signs is a recent methodologic refinement in behavioral-biochemical correlative investigations of psychiatric patients. Small-sample longitudinal studies, wherein the patient acts as his own control, have shown a number of interesting psychochemical and psychoendocrine correlations that were not evident with earlier cross-sectional sampling techniques.1-8Also, multivariate analytic methods now permit both the recognition of intra-individual correlations and the generalization of these correlations into group patterns.9In this paper are presented the results of multivariate analyses of changes over time of manifest psychopathology, quantified by a psychiatric rating scale, and multiple urine biochemical measures in manic-depressive patients. This study attempts to exploit the power of multivariate analytic techniques to elucidate the role of biochemical factors in manic-depressive illness. In earlier reports studies of several biochemical measures in manic-depressive illness


potential for ischemia and seizure. AVM has an annual hemorrhage rate of 2-3% that persists as long as the lesion exists. Management of these lesions can be observational, although lesion obliteration is typically considered to mitigate these risks. Over the last decades, the management options for arteriovenous malformations (AVM) have expanded. Although microsurgical resection has been used as the primary treatment option, stereotactic radiosurgery and embolization have been established as effective treatment options for AVM. Moreover, recent advances in imaging technology and computerized radiation dose planning have improved the outcomes of radiosurgery. Gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS) has emerged as a popular treatment tool for AVMs without the immediate risk of hemorrhage. GKRS is widely used CLINICAL ARTICLE Copyright © 2015 The Korean Society of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery


An active industrial silencer on a compressor engine at a Tenneco Gas station has reduced low-frequency rumbling' noise by 8 dB during trials while lowering backpressure about 90$. This 8 dB reduction of the piston firing frequency corresponds to a more than 80% decrease in emitted acoustic power. The silencing unit, installed on one of six engines at the station near Eden, N.Y., continues in operation. Based on the results, the manufacturer is identifying additional compressor sites for further tests. This paper reviews this project.


Background and Objectives: Laparoscopic sacrospinous ligament suspension, as commonly performed, is associated with extensive stripping, high risk of intraoperative bleeding, and prolonged operative time. We explore the safety and feasibility of posterior laparoscopic approach sacrospinous ligament suspension (LPASLS) in the treatment of pelvic organ prolapse (POP). Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 9 patients with symptomatic POP treated intraoperatively with LPASLS at the Women's and Children's Health Centre, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, between November 2016 and July 2017. Regular follow-up was performed at 1, 3, and 6 months after the operation. Subjective cure was considered as the absence of any postoperative subjective symptoms, and objective cure was considered as a postoperative POP-Q grade of 0. Results: All operations were completed successfully. The operative time ranged from 90 to 140 (mean, 117.78 ± 20.01) minutes, and the mean suspension time was about 30 minutes. The intraoperative estimated blood loss ranged from 30 to 100 (range, 54.9 ± 24.2) mL, and pelvic vascular injury occurred in 1 patient. Postoperative sacrococcygeal pain occurred in 5 patients, and Visual Analog Scale scores ranged from 3 to 4 (mean, 3.4 ± 0.5). The symptom disappeared without any treatment after 3–4 d. Patients were followed up for 3–10 (mean, 6.3 ± 2.1) months, and the subjective and objective cure rates were both 100%. Conclusion: LPASLS is safe and feasible and may be considered as an alternative approach to traditional laparoscopic sacrospinous ligament suspension.


In this paper, we present results from our experiments integrating an architectural synthesis tool, SandS, into the Keystone VLSI design environment. The resulting Architectural VHDL Synthesis tool is called TinkerTool. It provides a means by which a designer can conceive and con gure complex designs in a high level behavioral language to automatically generate hierarchical VHDL. The tool allows designers to take a \black box" approach to design, so that they do not need to know the implementation details of components or sub-components below the current one. Consequently, both top down and bottom up design methodologies can be used. Similarly, any circuit design modeled in VHDL can be ported into the component library to be used in the next level of hierarchical design. A major impact of this hierarchical component approach is that representations, other than VHDL, can be attached to a component and one could construct the entire design along a particular implementation path. For example, mask layout of the entire design could be constructed by using layouts attached to each particular component. Such hierarchical layout generation would be much faster than current at transistor level layout generation. This technique coupled with \global re-optimization" of the components would remove one of the more serious drawbacks to library based design styles.


Why do languages have the words they have, and not some other set of words? While certainly there is some arbitrariness in the lexicon (English 'frog' vs. Spanish 'rana'), there is just as surely some systematicity or functionality in it as well. What exactly might the nature of this systematicity or functionality be? For example, might the lexicon be efficiently adapted for communication, learning, memory storage, retrieval, or other cognitive functions? This paper critically reviews evidence that natural language lexicons efficiently carve up semantic fields (e.g., color, space, kinship) and have phonological forms that are similarly efficient when the aggregate lexicon is considered. The paper also suggests additional ways functionalism in lexicons might be assessed, and speculates on how functional lexicons may have arisen.


A microstrip Rotman lens for Ku band was simulated to validate the accuracy of the FDTD method for these devices as a first step in the development of a full-featured design tool. The simulated results from the lens were compared with measurements of phase and amplitude taper across the output ports, and for broad band S parameters.


The present article analyses the existing problems in the process of tender and invitation to tender in the state-owned mining industries.The author proposes the effective ways to establish and perfect the mechanism of tender and invitation to tender,transform thoughts and deepen the understanding;set up the mechanism of tender and invitation to tender,and perfect system of post responsibility;work out measures for tender and invitation to tender,make clear the aims and normalize the operation;strengthen supervision and perfect supervision system;make use of the modern means of management and build up information center.


An accurate and forceful autopilot system, such as drones or small-unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), becomes the requirements and intent for most of the Military Air Forces worldwide. This intent is encouraged and motivated with the advancement of related technologies such as the batteries capacity and size, radio transmitters' efficiency, robust and economy frame materials, new generation of microprocessors, and electrical motors technology. The UAVs have become applicable in civilian, military and across industries circumstances like remote sensing, mapping, traffic monitoring, storm tracking and forecasting, precision crop monitoring, aerial photography, unmanned cargo transport, law enforcement and border control surveillance, search and rescue, etc. In this context, the use of UAV for border protection is one of particular importance to the State of Libya from illegal immigrant and smuggling of the weapons. Libya geographical position, considered a transit point to Europe and lack off the security stability in recent years. Moreover, the length of the Libya border and the difficulty of the geographical terrain especially the Sahara in the south make it difficult for the Border Guard to monitor the border. The use of UAV is the best way to protect the borders, which has several advantages, notably cheap cost, suitable for desert climate, the quality of images taken by UAVs, with high. The present investigation deals with the comparative studies of UAVs used for Libyan border's protection between ELI-XL multi-raptor UAVs, Desert Hawk III (DH III) UAVs, RQ-IIB Raven UAVs, Silent Falcon UAVs and Phantom 4 Advanced.


This chapter contains:
An overview and execution summary of the key IT/business alignment, planning, execution, governance issues, constraints and opportunities and processes
Discussion of the roles of the Board, and responsibilities of executive management and the CIO
A review of the value propositions for IT governance
An overview of IT demand management, decision rights, Balanced Scorecard metrics and how much governance is required
Identifying the steps in making IT governance real
Discussion of an assessment technique to determine the current level of IT governance maturity in an organization, and illustration of a blueprint for an ideal future target state of IT governance


A study of the quantities of nitrogen dioxide generated by a high-voltage electric discharge was conducted. The amount of nitrogen dioxide present was measured using infrared spectroscopy. Paraffin was used to protect the KBr sample cell from damage and NO/sub 2/. The relative toxicities of phosgene and NO/sub 2/, both generated by arcing of electrical equipment, are presented. 10 references, 2 figures, 2 tables.


Aim: To evaluate prevalence of heart failure (HF) medical treatment and its impact on ventricular arrhythmia (VA) and survival among patients implanted with primary prevention ICD/CRTD. Methods and results: The association of treatment and dose (% guideline recommended target) of beta-blockers (BB), Angiotensin-antagonists (AngA), Mineralocorticoid-antagonsits (MRA), and Anti-Arrhythmic Drugs (AAD) after ICD/CRTD implant with VA episodes and mortality was analyzed. We included 186 patients, meanSD age 66.412 years, 15.1% female, 79(42.5%) implanted with an ICD and 107(57.5%) with CRTD. During 3.8 [2.1;6.7] (median[IQR]) years; 52(28%) had VA and 77(41.4%) died. Treatment (medication, % of patients) included: BB (83%), AngA (87%), MRA (59%), and AAD (43.5%). Median doses were 25[12.5;50]% of target for BB or AngA and 25[0;50]% of target for MRA. Treatment with >25% target dose of BB was associated with reduced incident VA. In a multivariable model including age, gender, diabetes, heart rate, and medication doses, increased BB dose was significantly and independently associated with reduced VA (HR 0.443 95%CI 0.222-0.885; p=0.021). On multivariable model for overall mortality including age, gender, renal disease, VA, and medical treatment; VA was associated with increased mortality (HR 2.672; 95% CI 1.429-4.999; p=0.002) and AngA treatment was significantly and independently associated with reduced mortality (HR 0.515; 95% CI 0.285-0.929; p=0.028). Conclusions: In this cohort of real-life HF patients discharged after ICD/CRTD implant, most of the patients were prescribed with guideline-based HF medications albeit with low doses. Higher BB dose was associated with reduced VA, while treatment with AngA was associated with improved survival.


Differential cross sections for elastic and inelastic scattering of 0.8 GeV protons from /sup 89/Y and /sup 90/Zr have been measured to momentum transfers of 3.8 fm/sup -1/. The results were analyzed in terms of a relativistic nuclear optical model and indicate that the elastic and inelastic scattering are dominated by surface features of the nucleus. The effect of the spin orbit term in the optical potential on the inelastic cross sections appears to be small.


Silylene complexes, the silicon analogues of carbene complexes, feature
three-coordinate, divalent silicon bound to a metal (R_2Si=ML_n). Significant
advances in the preparation of these highly electrophilic species have been
made in our laboritories over the past decade including, most recently, the
preparation of the first iridium silylene complex as a zwitterion:
[PhB(CH_2PPh_2)_3]lr(H)(eta-3-C_8H_(13)) + Mes_2SiH_2-[PhB(CH_2PPh_2)_3](H)_2lr=SiMes_2.


states that though the company's links with the Southern Netherlands fit Israel's model, namely that the merchant elite traded in luxury goods, the contacts with the Northern Netherlands show that important merchants such as Jonas Witsen and Elias Trip were often involved in bulk trade as much as they were involved in trade in luxury goods. Engels' study is of major importance. On the one hand, it is the first to study the activities of the Flemish community in Livorno and Genoa. On the other hand, it provides good insight into the general circumstances surrounding the Dutch presence in the Mediterranean as an economic space. Nevertheless, and despite the fact that Engels seems to fulfil her aims, three comments should be made. First, while the large number of figures and tables she presents reflect the relative importance of the Dutch in the Mediterranean, this valuable material is under-analysed. Figures and tables often appear only to embellish the text rather than serve as the centre of the analysis. This weakens the significance of the information quantified in that material. Second, the methodological choice of sources and time period is not explained. Thus, the chronological limits of the book are neither explained nor justified. Even less attractive is the fact that the sampling in some parts of the book, using the five-year periods of 1620, 1625 and 1630, are not obvious choices. Engels should have explained her choices better as well as the implications to her analysis. Thirdly, the study lacks an international background. The author became caught up by the idea of contextualizing her study primarily in the Mediterranean, and on a few occasions, in European terms. In fact, there is hardly any mention of the relative importance of this economic relationship on the extra-European commerce, except in the "Conclusion." [219] Some comments about the significance of this intra-European network in the world economy as a whole might have brought this study to a much higher level of discussion. Still, the book offers an enlightening view of what seventeenth-century sources may give us and how interesting bilateral case studies in economic history may stimulate others to pursue an increasing knowledge of how economic and social groups behaved in the early modern period. The book can be recommended not only to those with a general interest in the subjects examined by Engels but also to specialists in early modern economic history, maritime history, social history and urban history.


In the first paper of this series1we outlined the methods employed in and reported the results of the examinations of fifty-two marital partners of fifty neurosyphilitic persons, with the thought that the data thus obtained might be of value in the debate as to the existence of a neurotropic strain ofSpirochaeta pallida. It was recognized that the family material employed in such a study must be as nearly as possible unselected and that the methods of examination must include not only the usual Wassermann survey, or physical and neurologic examination, but also, in view of our increasing knowledge of asymptomatic neurosyphilis, all these procedures plus routine examination of the cerebrospinal fluid of every available marital partner of a series of neurosyphilitic patients. The value of this method of approach was indicated by the discovery of asymptomatic neurosyphilis in seven marital partners, the abnormal spinal fluid findings being the


Abstract : Theoretical and experimental statistical analysis of the random response of a continuous bar in tension is presented. Particular attention has been paid to the probability distribution of the strain response which, for a linear second-order system under gaussian excitation, follows a Rayleigh distribution. However, when the excitation level of the clamped-clamped continuous bar is sufficiently high so that the tensile strain becomes comparable with the bending strain, then the strain crest distribution no longer follows the Rayleigh prediction. At high strain levels the distribution of positive crests as well as maxima is greater than the Rayleigh prediction and the distribution of negative crests as well as minima is less. The distribution of positive maxima falls below the positive crest distribution as the Q of the system de creases. Similarly the distribution of negative minima falls below the negative crest distribution as the Q decreases.


T HERE have been many more reports of curriculum plans as finished products than of the processes by which they are developed by teachers, children, and others concerned with changes in the school program. There is a definite need for well-documented and evaluated studies of how curriculum plans have been developed under varying conditions. Current Institute studies furnish some basis for comparison of various approaches. "At Work on Developing a Curriculum for Modern Living" provides data on curriculum planning in which all concerned are working within a particular curriculum framework. Two other studies represent approaches based on a cooperative study of problems of immediate concern to schools in which the larger orientation is to areas which are not so dearly defined initially-"General Education" and "Communiry C..ooperation." It seems clear that there are fairly dose relationships between the ways of organizing and working employed by school systems in developing curriculum plans and the quantiry and quality of curriculum changes produced. These relationships are the object of chief concern in a study called "Ways of Working for Curriculum Development."


A LDOUS HUXLEY SET down, among his reflections on a winter cruise of the Caribbean area in 1933, an arresting dictum on Central American history. " To understand European politics, one should read the history of Central America," he wrote. "Central America, being just Europe in miniature and with the lid off, is the ideal laboratory in which to study the behavior of the Great Powers. " The world's so-called wars of interest have been with very few exceptions, exactly like those of Central America, he argued, "not... wars of interest, but of 'political principle'-in other words, wars of pure passion." This hypothesis accepted, the conclusion becomes axiomatic: the behavior of the world powers can be elucidated by study of the less complex history of Central America.' Some of the works on Central American history treated in this survey had already appeared before Huxley's cruise-inspired maxim was published; others quite possibly were prepared without knowledge of it, and still others may have rejected hypothesis, conclusion, or both. Nevertheless, Huxley 's two salient points of emphasis-


We present a new characterization of quantum states, what we call Projected Entangled-Pair States (PEPS). This characterization is based on constructing pairs of maximally entangled states in a Hilbert space of dimension D^2, and then projecting those states in subspaces of dimension d. In one dimension, one recovers the familiar matrix product states, whereas in higher dimensions this procedure gives rise to other interesting states. We have used this new parametrization to construct numerical algorithms to simulate the ground state properties and dynamics of certain quantum-many body systems in two dimensions.


Due to trauma or disease, if loss of an eye occurs, then it can be rehabilitated by constructing a satisfactory ocular prosthesis with the combined effects of an ophthalmologist and a maxillofacial prosthetist. In the present case report a simple and effective method of fabricating an ocular prosthesis has been discussed which enhanced Patient's self-esteem and status.

Keywords: Iris, Custom-made ocular prosthesis, Digital imaging, Enucleation


The present study investigates the influence of randomness on getting multi-mode broadband and narrowband absorption of graphene-embedded photonic structures. In the first proposed photonic configuration, with the change in randomness parameter, it is possible to get single, multi-mode broadband absorption up to 0.8. This value was further enhanced up to 0.99 by varying the Fermi-level to −0.9 eV. The position of absorption peaks can be tuned by varying thickness of the silicon carbide layer. Further, an investigation is carried out on the influence of adding a defective periodic PC to the first photonic configuration, which provided a multi-mode narrowband absorption with a value up to 0.99 and the strength and location of absorption peaks can be altered to the desired value by changing the graphene's Fermi level and thickness of the silicon carbide layer. Finally, the authors also survey the influence of magnetic field B on the absorption behaviour of LCP and RCP waves. The results indicate that the FWHM of absorption peaks expanded with applying a positive magnetic field for LCP waves, whereas it shrinks for RCP waves. It has applications in the design of tunable broadband, narrowband absorbers, and sensors.


CONTENTS * The Role of Promotion - Promotion: A Global Perspective - Consumer Behaviour * Promotion Structure - Promotion and Advertising Organisation - Planning - Budget - Promotional Aspects of Forecasting * Promotion Mix - Advertising and the Creative Process - Print Media - Broadcast Media - Direct Marketing - Sales Promotion - Publicity and Public Relations - Personal Selling - Special Events - Fashion Shows - Visual Merchandising * Evaluation and Acccountability - Measuring Promotion Effectiveness - Social Impact and Ethical Concerns TEXT FEATURES Boxed readings from magazines, newspapers and other sources Future Trends section in each chapter Full-colour promotion portfolio Checklists and forms on how to apply the concepts discussed Bullet summary, list of key terms and discussion questions Instructors Guide provides objectives, teaching hints, project suggestions and test questions


Our gas chromatogrophic method established previusly has been modified to assay fluoride ion which is released from fluorine-containing compounds and drugs in human plasma. A strongly acidic medium was not necessarily required, though fluoride is usually derivatized to trimethylfluorosilane (TMFS) under such acidic conditions. Trimethylsiylation proceeded in pH 2.5 sulfosalicylate (SSA) buffer. Even labile fluorine-containing compounds were stable in SSA buffer, while they were degraded in a strong acid to form fluofide. SSA was effecitive for buffering HCl which was produced by the reaction of excess reagent, trimthylchlorosilane (TMCS), with H2O. At the same time, SSA in plasma sample served as not only a deproteinizing agent but also a buffer agent for biological materials. By means of the present method, released fluoride in human plasma is assayable even in the presence of labile fluorine-containing compounds. More than 5 ng/ml of fluoride can be quantitated. α-Fluoro-β-alanine, 4-fluoroglutamic acid, 3-difluoroalanine and 5-(trifluoromethyl)uracil released fluoride in human plasma at 37°C in vitro. The amount of fluoride increased with time. On the other hand, no fluoride was liberated from 5-fluorouracil of from compounds of drugs studied other than the above ones.


The interaction of bis(ω-nitroacetophenonato)copper(II), [Cu(ω-nap)2] with γ- and α-picoline in non-donor solvents has been studied in detail in the rang O ⩽R⩽∞(where R is the molar ratio N-base/Cu). For both N-bases the observed spectral changes in the region 7·0–25·0 kk are consistent with the occurrence of two distinct successive reactions which lead to the formation, first of the five-co-ordinate (presumably square pyramidal) 1:1 adducts, and then to the pseudo-octahedral 1:2 adducts. Electronic absorption spectra show that the previously reported 1:1 tris-chelate adducts formed by Cu(ω-nap)2 with α,α′-bipyridyl and o-phenanthroline retain their pseudo-octahedral structure in solution with non-interacting solvents; in these solvents the 1:2 adducts from pyridine, benzylamine, and aniline dissociate to give mainly the 1:1 (five-co-ordinate) adducts, whereas that from aniline dissociates to give predominantly Cu(ω-nap)2. An approximate scale of relative stability in solution of the base adducts studied is given, together with an account of the relative tendency to attain six-co-ordination of Cu(ω-nap)2 and a series of copper(II)β-diketone chelates.


The invention discloses a kind of detection kit measuring Toxoplasma Gondi IgM antibody, including following components: the FITC of anti-human IgM labelling;TOXO antigen;It is marked with the magnetic bead of anti-FITC antibody;Mouse-anti TOX antibody labeling ALP and TOXO IgM calibration solution.Wherein, institute's TOXO antigen is polypide surface membrane protein 1 and the toxoplasma Microneme protein 3 of mixing at 2~8 DEG C.Also disclose the using method of this test kit.When the test kit of the present invention decreases TOXO IgM detection, the interference of IgG, and mouse-anti people's IgM affinity and specificity relatively multi-resistance are excellent, it also avoid that multi-resistance poor specificity causes is false-positive;On the other hand, present invention, avoiding the problem that the antigenic mark ALP response rate is low, Antibody stability is preferable, and in labeling process, loss of activity is few.


The objective of this experimental study is to verify atomization characteristics of emulsified fuel. The emulsified fuel made of adding the ultrasonic energy is analyzed with atomization characteristics and chemicophysics. As water contents within emulsified fuel and needle angle increase, SMD, viscosity and surface tension were analyzed. By measuring the distribution percentage of hydrogen volume by ¹H-NMR spectrum, the proportion of aromatics and paraffins is analyzed and compared each other. The results of study is as follows. First, as water contents within emulsified fuel and needle angle of nozzle increases, SMD increases. Second, for the distribution percentage of hydrogen volume, the distribution percentage of aromatics is about 10% and the rest portion is paraffins.