Arkansas is the fourth largest user of ground water in the United States. The Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer (alluvial aquifer) is a water-bearing assemblage of gravels and sands that underlies most of eastern Arkansas and several adjacent States. Ground-water withdrawals have caused cones of depression to develop in the alluvial aquifer water-level surface, some as much as 100 feet deep. Long-term water-level measurements show an average annual decline of 1 foot per year in some areas. The Sparta aquifer is largely a confined aquifer of regional importance that comprises a sequence of unconsolidated sand, silt, and clay units. Several large cones of depression have developed in the Sparta aquifer, causing hydraulic heads to drop below the top of the formation in parts of central and southern Arkansas and several areas in north-central Louisiana.


Confirmatory factor analyses evaluated the factorial validity of the Observer Alexithymia Scale (OAS) in an alcohol-dependent sample. Observation was conducted by clinical psychologists. All models examined were rejected, given their poor fit. Given the psychometric limitations of the OAS shown in this study, the OAS may not be the most appropriate measure to use early in treatment among alcohol-dependent individuals.


DBD(Dielectric Barrier Discharges) plasma is often used to clean the surface of semiconductor. The cleaning performance is affected mainly by plasma density and duration time. In this study, the plasma density is predicted by coupled simulation of flow, chemistry mixing and reaction, plasma, and electric field. 13.56 MHz of RF source is used to generate plasma. The effect of dielectric thickness, gap distance, and flow velocity on plasma density is investigated. It is shown that the plasma density increases as the dielectric thickness decreases and the gap distance increases.


Probiotic supplementation in the neonatal period results in improved gut colonisation with probiotic bacteria in the short term. There is limited information on the long‐term sustainability of this colonisation.


The C–O homolytic bond dissociation enthalpies (BDEs) of many ethers were calculated by high-level ab initio methods including G4, G3, CBS-Q, CBS-4M as well as 26 density function theory (DFT) methods. Among the DFT methods, wB97 provided the most accurate results and the root mean square error (RMSE) is 9.3 kJ mol−1 for 72 C–O BDE calculations. Therefore, extensive C(sp2)–O BDEs and the substituent effect of alkenyl ethers, para-position phenyl ethers/phenols as well as several typical heterocyclic ethers were investigated in detail by wB97 methods, which is important for the understanding of the chemical process involved in the cross-coupling reactions. For alkenyl ethers, the different substituents exhibited significant effects on C(sp2)–O BDEs, especially, the conjugate effect of the substituents on the O atom can greatly decrease the C(sp2)–O BDEs. In addition, the NBO analysis produced good linear correlations between the C(sp2)–O BDEs and qC × qO values (the qC and qO values denoted the natural charge of C and O atoms of the C–O bond, respectively). For para-position phenyl ethers and phenols, excellent linear relationships between the C(sp2)–O BDEs with substituent constant σp+ are found. Further discussion of the substituent effect separated into the ground effect and the radical effect can further help us to understand the essence. For several five-membered typical heterocyclic ethers, a larger bond angle change will lead to a smaller C–O BDE.


Optical fibre links for distributing optical frequencies and time stamps were researched and experimentally tested in the past fifteen years. They have been used mainly for stability comparison of experimental optical clocks. But recent development puts demands on a technology transfer from laboratory experiments to the real industry. The remote calibration of interrogators of Fibre Bragg Grating strain sensory networks is one of important examples. The first step of the adoption the time and frequency broadcasting should be the drop-out free long-term operation of this technology between research laboratories connected via long-haul fibre links. We present a 306 km long-haul optical fibre link between the cities of Prague and Brno in the Czech Republic where a coherent transfer of stable optical frequency and a stable time signal has been firstly demonstrated. The link between ISI CAS Brno and CESNET Prague uses an internet communication fibre where a window of 1540-1546 nm is dedicated for the coherent transfer and 1PPS signal. The link is equipped with 6 bidirectional EDFA amplifiers. The optical frequency standard based on the highly-coherent laser Koheras Adjustik working at 1540.5 nm and stabilized with a saturation absorption spectroscopy technique was used for the coherent wave transfer. The suppression of the Doppler shift induced by the optical fibre was based on an accoustooptical modulator with a servo-loop including a fast PID controller processing the beat-note frequency given by mixing of the Adjustik laser (Brno) and the reflected frequency of this laser from the far end of 306 km long-haul fibre link (Prague). We verified the Doppler shift suppression for the coherent wave with a measuring method analysing the transport delay of the 1PPS signal.


The Schrodinger equation, an equation central to quantum mechanics, is a dispersive equation which means, very roughly speaking, that its solutions have a wave-like nature, and spread out over time. In this thesis, we will consider global behaviour of solutions of two nonlinear variations of the Schrodinger equation. In particular, we consider the nonlinear magnetic Schrodinger equation for u : R3 × R→ C, iut = (i∇+A)u+ V u+ g(u), u(x, 0) = u0(x), where A : R3 → R3 is the magnetic potential, V : R3 → R is the electric potential, and g = ±|u|2u is the nonlinear term. We show that under suitable assumptions on the electric and magnetic potentials, if the initial data is small enough in H1, then the solution of the above equation decomposes uniquely into a standing wave part, which converges as t→∞, and a dispersive part, which scatters. We also consider the Schrodinger map equation ~ut = ~u×∆~u for ~u : R2 × R → S2. We obtain a global well-posedness result for this equation with radially symmetric initial data without any size restriction on the initial data. Our technique involves translating the Schrodinger map equation into a cubic, non-local Schrodinger equation via the generalized Hasimoto transform. There, we also show global well-posedness for the nonlocal Schrodinger equation with radially-symmetric initial data in the critical space L2(R2), using the framework of Kenig-Merle and Killip-Tao-Visan.


Throughout the last half-century of studies of the Roman North Africa, it has become an established notion in science that the reign of the Flavian dynasty was a decisive turning point in its history, and rightly so. This breakthrough embraced all areas of life, while the nature of the transformation is best reflected by the view that it was only thanks to the Flavians that Africa became fully Roman. What is more, this is accompanied by the well-founded thesis that without the achievements of the Flavians, the great prosperity of the Flavian provinces in the 2 nd -3 rd centuries would not have been possible: their successors reaped what the Flavians had sowed. Without going into too much detail, one should also recognise the rationality of the postulate to set apart the Flavian period in the history of Roman Africa as an era in its own right.  Embarking on the great task of urbanisation in Africa was the Flavii's undoubted merit. Their principal effort of was concentrated in the northern part of Africa Proconsularis, on the territory of the former Africa Vetus.  Lepcis Magna in the south of Proconsularis (in Tripolitania) and Icosium in Mauretania Caesariensis were exceptional cases. The newly created cities – colonies and municipia – were to perform an important strategic role, i.e. to protect the territories of Africa Proconsularis against the tribes from the south. The area was urbanised, had considerable economic significance and yielded high profit. Both extensive private latifundia and imperial domains which were to be found there, played an important role in supplying Rome with grain. From the point of view of the state, the changes also contributed to the internal consolidation of the province.   Urbanisation of Africa, besides the introduction of cadastre, institutional forms of imperial cult and forcing nomadic tribes to settled life served that very end.  This involved strictly military reorganisation of the province, which was best manifested in the relocation of the Legio III Augusta to Theveste and then to Lambaesis. The Flavians also embarked on expansion and repairs of the road network. Apart from their important economic and political functions, coloniae veteranorum – Ammaedara and Madauros – as well as the municipia Sufetula and Cillium had the task of guarding the access to the fertile lands of Africa Proconsularis. There is no doubt that the policy of the Flavians was a long-term one, while the actions of Trajan, Hadrian and the Severans represented its direct continuation.


Concepts and levels of security on the whole as well as social security' of a business entity in particular have been considered. Factors of social insecurity have been enumerated. Disadvantages of social activity of business entities in Ukraine have been compared with the reflection of this activity in the accounting system. Розглянуто поняття та рівні безпеки в цілому та соціальної безпеки суб'єкта господарювання зокрема, наведено чинники соціальної небезпеки, співставлено негативні риси соціальної діяльності суб'єктів господарювання в Україні з відображенням цієї діяльності в системі бухгалтерського обліку.


The electronic cone penetrometer (ECPT) is increasingly being used for environmental characterization of hazardous waste sites, especially to delineate subsurface lithology and to obtain samples of groundwater. A potentially powerful use of the ECPT is the mapping of subsurface hydrostratigraphic features and aquifer piezometric surface(s) by using measurements of pore pressure. Most published studies on the use of the ECPT have been limited to shallow sand-clay sequences and indicate only limited success in hydrogeologic characterization. In this paper, we discuss a method for delineating the depth and thicknesses of unsaturated and saturated zones on the basis of the nature and rate of pore pressure dissipation. We have used this method to depths of 110 ft at several sites underlaid by clay-sand or weathered shale-limestone sequences. The equilibrium pore pressures in the saturated zone should ideally indicate the depth of the water table or aquifer piezometric surface; however, our data indicate that an apparent equilibrium value for pore pressures may be obtained that may be lower or higher than the true value, depending on the composition and grain size of the material in the aquifer, the depth of the dissipation test within the saturated zone, and the history of use ofmore » the porous filter in the cone penetrometer assembly. Consequently, the data on dissipation must be carefully calibrated and tested with measurements in a monitoring well before the data are used to determine piezometric surfaces.« less


ABSTRACT This paper explores how the concept of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is constructed through Spanish media and documentary films and how it is represented. The article analyses three documentary films and the cultural and social contexts in and from which they emerged: Solé's Bucarest: la memòria perduda [Bucharest: Memory Lost] (2007), Bosch's Bicicleta, cullera, poma [Bicycle, Spoon, Apple] (2010) and Fabrá, Peris and Badia's Las voces de la memoria [Memory's Voices] (2011). The three documentary films approach AD from different perspectives, creating well-structured discourses of what AD represents for contemporary Spanish society, from medicalisation of AD to issues of personhood and citizenship. These three films are studied from an interdisciplinary perspective, in an effort to strengthen the links between ageing and dementia studies and cultural studies. Examining documentary film representations of AD from these perspectives enables semiotic analyses beyond the aesthetic perspectives of film studies, and the exploration of the articulation of knowledge and power in discourses about AD in contemporary Spain.


Recognition of the wearer's motion intention plays an important role in the study of power-assist robots. In this paper, an intention-guided control strategy is proposed and applied to an upper-limb power-assist exoskeleton. Meanwhile, a human-robot interface comprised of force-sensing resistors (FSRs) is designed to estimate the motion intention of the wearer's upper limb in real time. Moreover, a new concept called the "intentional reaching direction (IRD)" is proposed to quantitatively describe this intention. Both the state model and the observation model of IRD are obtained by studying the upper limb behavior modes and analyzing the relationship between the measured force signals and the motion intention. Based on these two models, the IRD can be inferred online using an adapted filtering technique. Guided by the inferred IRD, an admittance control strategy is deployed to control the motions of three DC motors placed at the corresponding joints of the robotic arm. The effectiveness of the proposed approaches is finally confirmed by experiments on a 3 degree-of-freedom (DOF) upper-limb robotic exoskeleton.


Translation instruction is very important in specialized English teaching activities. The effectiveness of current specialized English translation instruction (SETI) in mainland China, however, is unclear because university students have become less interested in, and less confident when doing, English translation. This study investigated the effects of online cooperative translation on EFL students' levels of interest and self-efficacy with respect to specialized English translation through a questionnaire, focus group interview, interaction data analysis, and pre-test and post-test on 48 second-year college students in China majoring in educational technology. The results showed that online cooperative translations could significantly increase student interest and self-efficacy in specialized English translation. In cooperative translation, student engagement was significantly and linearly correlated with their interest and self-efficacy in translation. We conclude with recommendations on reforming current SETI practices in mainland China's universities.


Although in recent years,the anesthetic techniques and monitoring tools are progressive,intraoperative and postoperative nerve injury remains the most serious complication and also a major concern of the anesthesiologists.There is no sufficient clinical evidence to develop official guidance,the main reason is the complicated mechanism of cerebral ischemia.Most clinical anesthesiologists consider that not only avoidance of the negative factors for patients at high risk for cerebral ischemia is needed,but also active measures should be adopted to protect the stability of the nervous system function.Here is to make a review on the initiative perioperative brain protection according to the current available clinical evidence,in the hope of helping clinical practitioners.


As computer games have become more complex emphasis has shifted from graphics to the use of artificial intelligence to make the behaviour of non-player characters (NPCs) richer and more believable. In order to do this successfully it is necessary to understand what realistic behaviour actually is. In the world of neurological science, the Morris Water maze is frequently used as a way of testing whether mouse or rat behaviour is affected by brain lesions, drugs etc. It provides a very clean and simple environment for assessing the search patterns undertaken by a mouse swimming to find a hidden platform. Our aim is to find a simple approach to providing a realistic approximation to real mouse behaviour, in order to gain insight into general creature behaviour. A solution that combines basic behaviour with A searching showed similar behaviour to mice during training, but tended to be fragile. A genetic algorithm approach based on criteria used for assessing real mouse behaviour fails to converge to anything realistic. We have found that an ant colony model can be made to work reasonably well in replicating the real mouse training, but lacks the wider search behaviour employed by real mice when the platform is absent.


This paper presents two vision-based aspects to solve problems for unmanned aircraft within disaster scenarios. Such scenarios are often related to low-altitude flights in urban or mountainous areas where satellite navigation can be disturbed. To cope for possible signal dropouts and to enable flights with low-cost inertial systems, visual navigation strategies are developed. The paper presents a method to get 3D movements from a stereo camera onboard an unmanned helicopter, evaluates the image processing algorithms from flight test data, and concludes that this visual navigation strategy is suitable as an additional sensor for flight state estimation. The other aspect tackled in this paper is the localization of target coordinates within exploration missions. The presented algorithm is based on known strategies in remote sensing. It is optimized here for real-time use onboard remotely operated systems. It is shown that targets can be localized with only few meters of absolute error without any external hints, with satellite navigation as the most relevant error source. As a result, supporting applications like the localization of victims are feasible with the presented strategy.


The purpose of this study was to examine the phytochemical and nutritional analyses of polyherbal cough syrup that had been manufactured and was made with palmyra sweetener and a decoction that contained coarse dried herbs. Medicinal plants were collected, air-dried, and then used to prepare water and ethanol extracts. Among both extracts, water extract was selected for further study because it contained a high amount of components such as ash, protein, and sugar than ethanol extract. Three different polyherbal syrup was prepared with decoction by using sweeteners such as white sugar (TI), palmyrah jaggery (TII), and sugar candy (TIII). Physicochemical analysis of TII showed a low amount of water content [21.7(±1.01]) (v/v %) and water activity (aw) [0.627(±0.001)]. In addition that it showed significantly higher amounts of nutritional content such as total ash [6.5(±0.35)], total sugar [39.7(±1.08)], crude protein [3.0(±0.2)], and crude fat [0.9(±0.1)] g/100g also mineral content as calcium [415.7(±1.2)], magnesium [264.1(±0.7)], sodium [595.45(±4.8)], potassium [1747.2(±11.7)], phosphorous [359.9(±5.5)] and iron [141.4(±1.1)] (mg/100g) when compared with other syrup as TI and TIII. Therefore cough syrup prepared with decoction and palmyrah jaggery was selected for the studies as stability and standardization.


This symposium on tumor viruses, with 30 papers and 80 participants, is divided into two main parts. Part 1, covering viral infection and tumors, takes up murine leukemia, avian leukosis and related neoplasms, mammary tumors, induction of tumors and transformation of cells by deoxyribonucleic acid viruses, molecular structure of adenovirus, and virus-specific complement-fixing neoantigens in virus-free but virus-induced tumor cells. Part 2 concerns the diagnosis and management of viral infections, including virus detection, cell-bound and humoral cytotoxic antibodies in tumor immunity, prophylaxis, and therapy. Some of the topics dealt with are immunologic relationships among some of the murine leukemia viruses, virus-host interactions of avian tumors, immunology of spontaneous mammary carcinoma in mice, immunization against tumors induced by human adenovirus, comparative molecular structure of oncogenic and nononcogenic adenoviruses, and detection of oncogenic viral infections by the fluorescent antibody technique. Of special interest are the papers on electron microscopic structure of Newcastle


Our methodology implements five different information needs emerging from users throughout the sense-making process. • Same profiles with similar opinions: Identifies different user profiles that share similar opinions on specific positions. • Sharing similar opinions with specific user: Extracts different groups of users whose opinions are closely related to specific user(s). • Same users with similar preferences: Determines groups of users who share both similar opinions and profile characteristics. • Similar opinions based on different profiles: Identifies similar opinions expressed by users with different profile characteristics. • Different user profiles with similar/dissimilar opinions: Finds different groups of user profiles who share similar or dissimilar opinions.


Based on the application of VR (Virtual Reality) and CAD, Assembly Programming System is brought forward and the VADE (Virtue Reality Assembly Environment) is developed, by which the designer can simulate vividly and optionally in design and gather assembly analysis information. Therefore the assembly related questions can be found as soon as earlier, the assembly cost can be lessen, and the assembly period can be shorten.


PURPOSE: An external device and a method for switching a wake-up mode of a portable terminal docked to the device are provided to enable the external device and the portable terminal to switch a sleep mode to a wake-up mode docked to each other. CONSTITUTION: A portable terminal in a sleep mode senses a wake-up event(S110). When the wake-up event is sensed, the portable terminal is waken up(S120). An external device senses a predetermined electric signal generated by the portable terminal(S140). The external device in the sleep mode is waken up by the predetermined electric signal(S125). [Reference numerals] (AA) Potable terminal; (BB) External device; (S100,S105) State: sleep mode; (S110) Sensing a wake up event; (S120,S125) CPU wake up; (S130,135) State: performing wake up; (S150) Starting TMDS signal transmission; (S155) Connecting USB (D+,D-); (S160) Transmitting a connection establishment startup message; (S165) Transmitting a connection establishment start up message Ack


In cases where design conditions are assumed to be subject to high precision in large scale construction, when the k-value of subgrade is specially small or large, when the traffic volume is especially large, or when construction is executed by means of slipform paver, specific expressions may be applied in order to select the optimum concrete slab thickness. This designing is to be applied in consideration of the wheel-load stress and thermal stress of the longitudinal edge of concrete plate. Expressions and numerical tables to be applied in this design are provided. For the covering record of the workshop, see IRRD no 811610.


ABSTRACT Issues that are examined in this study is an analysis of the effect of employment opportunities, region expenditure and investment on the economic growth of West Sumatra between 2000 and 2011. Methodology used in this study is the method of OLS (Ordinary Least Square). The data used are time series data in the form data annual employment opportunities, region expenditure and investment of West Sumatra. Collected through the documentation on the relevant agencies. The results showed that, first : Employment Opportunities positive and significant impact on economic growth indicated by the coefficient value of 1,047 to 3,484 t count > t table of 1.860 and a probability of 0.008 t table probability of 1.860 and 0.068. Third : Investment positive and significant impact on economic growth indicated by a coefficient of 0.266 with a value of 4,175 t count > t table at 1.860 and probability of 0.0031. Fourth : Employment Opportunities, Region Expenditure and Investment jointly positive and significant impact on economic growth indicated by the value of F at 328.6095 while the F table at level α = 5% error obtained is 3.84 with a value of R-square of 0.9930, which means at 99.30% economic growth is influenced by variables employment opportunities, and investment region expenditure while the rest clarified by other variables. From this research, the variables that most influence the economic growth of West Sumatra is a job opportunity with a coefficient value of 1,047 and 3,484 t count > t table of 1.860 and a probability of 0.008 < α = 0.05 level. So for further research is recommended to include other variables that affect economic growth in West Sumatra.


"Feminist criticism" ... is a specific kind of political discourse: a critical and theoretical practice committed to the struggle against patriarchy and sexism, not simply a concern for gender in literature, at least not if the latter is presented as no more than another interesting critical approach on a line with a concern for sea-imagery or metaphors of war in medieval poetry.... There are, of course, different political views within the feminist camp. My point here is ... simply to insist that recognizable feminist criticism and theory must in some way be relevant to the study of the social, institutional and personal power relations between the sexes.


Drosophila melanogaster is often used to understand genetic mechanisms because of the wealth of know ledge obtained concerning the organism's molecular functioning. One of the genes contained in the Drosophila's repertoire is the Cyp6a8 gene which is the subject of the present investigation. This gene codes for an enzyme that is a member of the cytochrome P450 (CYP) family. CYPs are found in all organisms, and they are in the metabolism of various xenobiotic (foreign) and endogenous compounds. In insects, CYPs playa major role in conferring insecticide resistance. In humans and other mammals, xenobiotic compounds often induce a variety of Cyp genes to produce enzymes that in some case metabolize the inducing compounds. The objective of this investigation has been to examine whether DDT, one of the most potent insecticides, is capable of inducing an insect Cyp gene. For this purpose, two transgenic lines of Drosophila melanogaster carrying the fIrefly lueiferase (lue) reporter gene were used. These two lines, 0.2 lue and 0.8lue, have the lue reporter gene under the control of 0.2or 0.8kb upstream DNA of Cyp6a8, respectively. In these transgenic lines, the level of lue activity is generally proportional to the promoter activity of the Cyp6a8 upstream DNA. Three-day old adult female transgenic flies were allowed to feed on normal (control) and DDT (10 Ilg/mL) containing medium for 24 hours. Results showed that DDT induced lue activity in both transgenic lines. The average level of induction in 0.2 lue and 0.8 lue lines was about 4.5and 2.5fold, respectively. These results suggest that the 0.2kb upstream DNA of Cyp6a8 has cisacting elements for DDT induction. The 0.8kb DNA also has these cis elements, but the extra 0.6kb DNA somehow intereferes with maximum level of induction. However, the 0.8 lue line showed greater basal induction indicating that the extra DNA also was able to produce more enzymes.


The destruction of New York's World Trade Center by religious fanatics on September 11, 2001 led many commentators to question whether religion and globalization are compatible. The relationship is complicated by its theoretical ambiguity: religion can both enhance and suppress economic activity in general, and its potential network effect can both create and divert trade. There have been few empirical studies to shed light on the matter, however. This paper fills this void by examining the empirical relationship between religion and international trade.


Presented cluster principle of the organization of production and integration of interactions, an approach to creation of the cluster principle of governance in Russia. The aspects that influence the positive development of the cluster in Russia.


In Reply. —In light of Dr Romano's1comments following the publication of the study by McGetrick et al, we were not surprised to hear from him concerning our study published in the February 1987Archives. We believe that his letter makes several important points but, in general, misses its target. First, we thank Dr Romano for complimenting our work by calling it an excellent study. Along with the work by Crouch and Frenkel and McGetrick et al, it provides strong clinical support for the use of aminocaproic acid following traumatic hyphema, as espoused in an editorial by Dr Goldberg.2 Dr Romano is concerned about continued clinical research on the use of aminocaproic acid. However, he has failed to grasp our reasons for conducting this study. Even after publication of the work by McGetrick et al, most of the private practitioners at our institution preferred not to use this


This study uses Sacramento Regional Transit data to determine conditions under which transit can attract traffic in suburbs. It specifies a direct demand model in which trip productions and attractions are a function of zonal characteristics and transit connectivity from a given zone to places where transit users want to go to the region. The model derivation identifies a new concept, trip production and attraction potential, which is independent of transportation connectivity but which is a function of zonal socio-economic and design characteristics. Potentials are estimated from a sample of zones where it is known how many transit trips occur between each pair of zones in the sample. The direct demand model infers potentials from the magnitude of trips between each pair of zones in relation to the level of transit service linking the zones. The study estimates production and attraction potentials and connectivity for 70 Sacramento County census tracts. It identifies suburban tracts where the transit system succeeds in tapping potential traffic, and it identifies qualities of the transit system associated with such success. It also shows where the transit system fails to tap potential. It also illustrates with graphs the relationship between transit trip production and attraction and transit connectivity for land use typical of post-World War II suburbs and for transit oriented development. Finally, it regresses production and attraction potentials against census tract characteristics to determine what tract qualities are associated with potential transit demand.


With statistic method the quality feature values of chemical composition and mechanical properties of HRB400 reinforced bar are analyzed,its fatigue,welding,mechanical linking and sticking properties are checking analyzed.


In order to solve the questions of real time display of large scale three dimensional terrain, this article put forward the idea of applying virtual reality. The emphases are given to disceussion of the multi level and multi block expression of terrain model and the organization of texture data. In the paper, LOD(Level of Detail) is applied to construct terrain model, Clip textures and mipmap textures are used to map the surface of models. At last, an example of real time display of a large scale terrain scene is showed.


Abstract After a brief look at the food law situation, the particular problems of the presence of humic acid in paper are dealt with. Origin and significance as well as physical and chemical properties of humic acid are described. The principle of the method of analysis is that the dyes transferred from the paper to an aqueous solution are freed of humic acid by acidification and extracted from the centrifugate, using isoamyl alcohol. The concentrated aqueous eluate from the amyl alcohol is examined paper chromatographically. The Rf figures for the dyes after their said preparation are quoted and the analytical procedure explained by means of examples.


Examples of two-phase pressure transient analysis are given, for injection and discharge. Transients measured in KA28 are used to identify the fluid feeding the well and to measure permeability.


The aim of this thesis is to design a kilowatt three-phase step-down rotary transformer fora permanent magnet DC motor. The permanent magnet DC motor has an on-rotor drivesystem, and therefore requ ...


American young adult historical novel Dragonwings, through artistic devices such as viewpoint, setting and characterization, tells the story of how early Chinese immigrants- father and son- manage to overcome difficulties and finally realize their dream of flying a plane, thus faithfully representing and reflecting the hardworking experience of Chinese immigrants at the beginning of the 20th century. In this way, the author Laurence Yep reclaims a history once lost in the American historical scene and provides a vivid and realistic material for descendents of Chinese Americans to learn about the history of their forefathers and such a multiethnic immigrant nation as the U.S.A. to handle properly multiethnic relationship.


The intersectoral linkages in the forestry education of society on the example of Krynki Forest Inspectorate. The popularize of knowledge about economic and social meaning of forestry is the forest education of society which is one of fundamental task realized by The State Forests as a result of State Forest Policy too. This paper describes the economic linkages the Krynki Forest Inspectorate as a part of forest sector with other national branches. The presented data illustrate the meaning of forestry in creation the earnings and employment in different sectors of national economy. The last part presents the influence of wood sale by Krynki Forest Inspectorate on wood industry. The presented results of empirical investigations show the larger meaning of forestry than the statistical data.


Enterobacter cloacae osteoarticular infection without risk factors: Case report and review of the literature Laila S Al Yazidi, Hina Hameed, David Isaacs, Matthias Axt and Alison Kesson Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Department, and Orthopaedic Department, Children's Hospital at Westmead, The School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, and Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia and College of Medicine, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman


The discovery of liver as a specific therapeutic agent in pernicious anemia1warrants the repetition of metabolic studies that have been performed with other modes of treatment. The protein and respiratory metabolism of five hospitalized patients with pernicious anemia was determined for periods varying from twenty to sixty-five days. These cases were under the direct supervision of Dr. Minot and Dr. Murphy, who were studying the effect of standardized liver extract and experimental liver fractions on the course of the disease. The nature of the effective fraction and the treatment of pernicious anemia with liver extract have been reported by the aforementioned observers in detail.2Since the response of the patient to a diet of whole liver was quite similar to his response to that of liver extract, it was thought that the metabolic changes with the two methods of administration would show a close resemblance. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE Observations for


The embodiment of the utility model discloses a display device and electronic equipment, which relate to the technical field of display and solve the technical problem of larger size of the existing display device. The display device comprises a middle frame, a panel, a front case and a back case, wherein the middle frame is made of metal materials, the panel is positioned in the middle frame, the front case and the back case are respectively and fixedly arranged at two opposite sides of a middle frame position, the front case corresponds to the display region position of the panel, and the front case is in a plate shape and is made of transparent materials. The electronic equipment comprises the display device provided by the embodiment of the utility model, the electronic equipment is a television or a display. The display device and the electronic equipment are used for reducing the size of the display device.


An integrated Belief-Desire-Intention (BDI) modeling framework is proposed for human decision making and planning, whose sub-modules are based on Bayesian belief network (BBN), Decision-Field-Theory (DFT), and probabilistic depth first search (PDFS) technique. To mimic realistic human behaviors, attributes of the BDI framework are reverse-engineered from the human-in-the-loop experiments conducted in the Cave Automatic Virtual Environment (CAVE). The proposed modeling framework is demonstrated for human¿s evacuation behaviors under a terrorist bomb attack situation. The simulated environment and agents (human model) conforming to the proposed BDI framework are implemented in AnyLogic® agent-based simulation software, where each agent calls external Netica BBN software to perform its perceptual processing function and Soar software to perform its real-time planning and decision-execution functions. The constructed simulation has been used to test impact of several factors (e.g. demographics of people, number of policemen) on evacuation performance (e.g. average evacuation time, percentage of casualties).


Abstract The Earth Observation Centre (EODC), located at Farnborough, has been developed to serve the needs of users of data from Earth remote sensing missions, beginning with the European Space Agency's ERS-1 spacecraft. To this end, the facilities of the ESA Processing and Archiving Facility (PAF) for ERS-1 reside within the EODC. With the exception of the core Synthetic Aperture Radar processing algorithms, the majority of the scientific processing chains for exploitation of data from ERS-1 at the EODC were designed and specified by a Science Team, consisting of specialists from UK universities, industry, and government research institutes. These designs were implemented by an industrial consortium. The Science Team was supported by an Algorithm Development Facility (ADF) during the processing chain development. The Science Team currently provide operational support using the EODC Calibration and Validation Facility (CVF). This consists of the verification, calibration, validation, and continuous asses...


The bitter hostility with which Joseph Chamberlain was pursued by the sections of the Unionist party opposed to his policy of tariff reform, even after he resigned from Balfour's cabinet in September 1903 to conduct his campaign untrammelled by office, is a curious aspect of Unionist history. The party had seen its defeat clearly foreshadowed in a series of catastrophic by-elections, and yet it persisted in fighting its own internal fiscal battles instead of closing its ranks to meet the most formidable combination of Radical and Socialist forces that it had ever had to face. It knew that no viable proposals for fiscal reform would be put forward for several years, since its opponents were all committed to free trade. Why then did it perversely continue to dispute a remote contingency, thus encouraging its opponents to drive wedges into the divided Unionist leadership by well-chosen parliamentary motions in the sessions of 1904–5, and ensuring that in 1906 it was a demoralized as well as a defeated party that emerged from the polls? After every allowance is made for the purely human impulses that might account for these fiscal quarrels—the hopelessness of defeat, weariness of office, uncertainty in new and alarming political circumstances, and the suspicion that Chamberlain's 'new departure' was a bid to salvage his own political fortunes from the wreck of the party—it is still necessary to adduce some more convincing explanation for this seeming folly. For such an explanation, one must appreciate the full significance to contemporaries of Chamberlain's tariff movement, and his determination to make tariff reform and its attendant social and economic policies 'the great question of the future, and the one on which party divisions will ultimately settle themselves'. His Unionist opponents believed they were fighting to protect not simply free trade, vital as this appeared, but also the whole fabric of Conservatism, both as a historic creed, and as a practical movement.


As the next generation product of the distributed computing, Web services has the characteristics of terrace and language independence. Web services has resolved the problem-mutual operation among different applications which was almost impossible solved by the traditional distributed computing techniques. Introduces the system structure and key techniques of the Web services, designes and realizes a student status management system which is based on Web services.


While consumers' willingness to pay a CSR-price premium is a key economic driver of CSR investments, the literature is relatively silent on whether and how the CSR-price premium affects firms' choi...


As Thomas Müller notes in the opening pages of his contribution to this book, there has been renewed interest in the humanities over the last fifteen years in the question of labour. In this volume the two editors, historians Monika Ankele and Eva Brinkschulte, enter into this debate, thus opening up the historiography of psychiatry to larger societal questions. The volume is based on a conference held in 2013 in Hamburg that placed into a broader chronological context a DFG project entitled 'Family care and more active medical treatment: a multi-perspective approach of occupational therapy in everyday psychiatric institutions in the 1920s'. It assembles ten chapters that treat the question of patient labour inside psychiatric institutions in Germany from the early nineteenth century until National Socialism. In their introduction, the editors underline four important points: first, that the notion of labour in society has important repercussions on the function of labour inside asylums. The Weimar constitution proclaimed that 'any German . . . without prejudice to his personal freedom, has the moral obligation to use his mental and physical strength as required by the general welfare'. It was therefore not surprising that the interwar period was a moment where the place of labour inside psychiatric institutions was particularly fiercely debated among German psychiatrists. Second, they emphasize that working inside the asylums of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries relied substantially on the traditions of the workhouses from the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Labour inside psychiatric hospitals is therefore not something new but has a long history that is sometimes more influenced by the longue durée of cultural and social history than by short-term orientated political history. Next, they argue that the function of labour inside psychiatry remains heavily linked to other institutions of welfare: the right to care during the Weimar period was determined by the ability to work not only inside the asylums but also in other social apparatuses dispositives. Finally, they note that contrary to other treatment, such as electroconvulsive therapy, psychotherapy or psychochemicals, work as therapy is still underexposed in historiography but also in the collective imagery of what the life inside an asylum was. While some contributions present rather philosophical reflections based on the discussion of historical texts written by psychiatrists in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries on labour inside asylums (such as the contributions by Heinz-Peter Schmiedebach and Eva Brinkschulte), most texts are local case studies, which not only illustrate the general hypotheses formulated in the introduction, but also offer further and concrete insights into the daily practices of work. For example, in rural areas in the nineteenth century, patients left the asylums on a daily basis to work for the local farmers, thus making the walls of the asylum permeable. The labour of patients was also central in organizing the days inside the asylums. Finally the ability to work—or not—was an extremely important criterion during World War Two for 'inclusion or exclusion' (Stefanie Coché) of patients from the national community (Volksgemeinschaft): patients who were unable to participate in daily work ran a higher risk of becoming victims of T4 (forced euthanasia). German History Advance Access published April 20, 2016


Quantum dots (QDs) have attracted a great deal of attention over the past two decades because of their unique photochemical and photo physical properties. Colloidal semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) have great potential as a new class of fluorophores for biological and biomedical imaging because of high brightness, long-term photostability and single-light source excitation for multicolored QDs.1,2 The syntheses of monodispersed fluorescent QDs are generally performed in organic solvents with surface passivation by alkyl phosphine oxides such as trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO).3,4 The resulting QDs are soluble only in nonpolar solvents that making them difficult to use for biological application. So far, many synthetic methodologies for the preparation of water-soluble QDs have been developed by surface modifications with amphiphilic compounds including thiols1,2,5–8 polymers,9,10 phpholipids.11 In recent years, there has been great progress in synthetic methods of quantum dot production, which made large scale preparation of QDs with high quality and narrow size distribution possible. Luminescent QDs have been successfully attached to protein, sugar, and other biologically active agents.9,12–14 Among the various types of modified QDs have been studied most thoroughly due to their possible applications in biological disciplines. However, consideration of QDs behavior at biological interfaces, e.g., cell membranes, is one of the most important issues requiring further study prior to implementation in real applications. Currently, few studies have been conducted regarding surface chemistry properties of quantum dots at biological interfaces. Quantum dots synthesized in organic solvents are insoluble in water. Hence a challenge is how to make the highquality hydrophobic quantum dots soluble in water and also active in bioconjugate reactions. Ligand exchange inevitably alters the chemical and physical states of the quantum dot surface atoms and in most cases dramatically decreases the quantum efficiency of the quantum dots, thiol-based molecules (e.g.,mercaptocarbonic acids) may form disulfides over time and come off from the quantum dot surface and finally the quantum dots aggregate and precipitate out of water. Surface functionalization of quantum dots can improve the solubility but reduce the quantum efficiency.


The present invention provides a lighting device, a light emitting diode shunt (LED1, LED2) from the power supply voltage rises due to increased amount of forward current by the PNP transistor (Ql), the forward current becomes a value corresponding to the rated voltage a predetermined current value, without the need for a constant current circuit, a light emitting diode (LED1, LED2) without damage to brightness desired. In a state forward current value due to variations in light emitting diodes (LED1, LED2) and the rated voltage changes, the current value of a PNP transistor (Q1) of the voltage drop over the shunt size of the first resistor (R1) fluctuates, the voltage third resistor (R3) drop fluctuates; variable voltage drop along potential difference between the emitter of the PNP transistor (Q2) -PNP pole transistor (Q1) of the base are changed, light emitting diodes (LED1, LED2) ends the potential difference between the changed suppressing variation of forward current value; brightness can be suppressed so that the difference between the products.


In this paper calculation of dynamic response to harmonic transverse excitation of cantilever Euler-Bernoulli beam carrying a point mass with mode superposition method is presented. Mode superposition method uses mode shapes and modal coordinate functions which are calculated by separation of variables and Laplace transformations. The accuracy of defined expressions are confirmed on examples with and without Rayleigh damping. All results are in good agreement with the results of comercial software based on finite element method.


The information in this report on CIPM MRA has been published in many places and is open access on the BIPM web site. The purpose of the CIPM MRA was to formalize the previous international comparisons of national standards that had traditionally been carried out by the major NMIs of the world and to extend the recognition gained for their national standards to cover also their calibration and measurement certificates. Ten years later, the CIPM MRA covered some 200 institutes in 72 countries as well as two international organizations, the International Atomic Energy Agency and the Laboratories of the European Union at Geel, Belgium. The results of the key comparisons and the calibrations services meeting the requirements of the quality systems are put on a public database maintained by the BIPM known as the BIPM Key Comparison Database (KCDB).


Attention describes the physical and mental processes by which we bring an object to the forefront of consciousness (Goldstein, 2007). Attention is a wide construct which consists of four distinct processes: sustained, selective, orienting, and executive attention (Tsal, Shalev, & Mevorach, 2005). To acquire knowledge and skills, individuals must select which stimulus to attend to over others, orient themselves to attend to the selected object, sustain attention over time, and inhibit undesired responses. Although all areas of attention are necessary for learning, sustained attention has been considered the most important element of attention (Tsal et al., 2005). Sustained attention is the ability to attend to a stimulus over a period of time without being distracted (Johansson, Marciszko, Gredebäck, Nyström, & Bohlin, 2015) and develops rapidly in the early years (Kannass & Oakes, 2008). Once attention has been directed towards a stimulus, it is only through maintaining concentration over time that new information can be learned and transferred to long-term memory (Baddeley, 1999). If pupils cannot sustain their attention for extended periods of time, this will negatively impact on their ability to acquire new skills and knowledge. Additionally, sustained attention is considered a key difficulty in ADHD which has resulted in a body of literature investigating interventions in this area (Johnson et al., 2007).


As the world has evolved during the past century, so has the nature of career counseling. In the past, the profession focused predominantly on a directive and assessment-driven approach to career development that favored matching clients with the "right" job in order to facilitate their occupational decisions. In recent years, however, numerous voices have championed a broader view of career development that is more holistic in nature and supports a kaleidoscope of new ideas. At the core of these ideas is an awareness that career counseling can and should be more creative in nature. This chapter introduces the applications of theatre techniques and metaphors to individual and group career counseling. It lays the foundation for this topic by first discussing how drama has historically been used in the helping professions, then moves on to exploring how dramabased interventions and metaphors can be integrated into alternative and holistic approaches to career counseling. (GCP) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. All the World's A Stage: Using Theatre in Career Counseling by Patricia Bechtold U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) O This document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. O Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy.


SUMMARY
The technical, social, environmental and economic indicators maintain a permanent and continuous relationship with the agricultural production systems since it depends on them to achieve sustainability, under this part the objective was to evaluate the sustainability of six farms in the Province of Tungurahua , for this the methodology was used: "Management System Evaluation Framework Incorporating Sustainability Indicators" (MESMIS) "which allowed specifying the socioeconomic, financial and ecological parameters of the 6 production units analyzed in the area, With this study it was possible to obtain the main strengths and weaknesses in relation to sustainability, 5 economic indicators, 4 environmental indicators, 4 social indicators and 2 technical indicators were analyzed. As a result, large companies achieve a higher percentage of indicators, medium-sized companies have a lower result and casualties have sustainability problems, and in relation to soil and water there is a high salinity which causes inconvenience in the production of the Agricultural Production Units


1. Project Summary Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) associated with the H5N1 virus strain first occurred in Viet Nam and Thailand in late 2003, causing severe mortality in affected flocks. The disease has recurred in 2004 and 2005, and is now considered endemic to the region. Given that the virus has crossed the species barrier between poultry and humans and caused human fatalities, concerted efforts are being mustered by national governments and international agencies to control the spread of the disease through a variety of measures, which may also include the need for a 'restructuring' of the poultry industry eliminating smallholder backyard producers. Devising evidence-based responses to animal and human health risks that balance the interests of a wide variety of national and international stakeholders requires thorough analysis of epidemiological and economic information (past and present), development of scenarios of disease spread, their likelihood of occurrence, the identification of critical control points and interventions, the costs and impacts of the latter, and, finally, negotiation between stakeholders at different levels, ranging from local, through national to international. Appropriate social investments to reduce health risk locally and nationally can have the very significant dividend of improving smallholder commercial viability, a pro-poor benefit that stands in sharp contrast to the displacement effects many of the proposed control strategies threaten to cause.


Four wave mixing is investigated when chirped pump and signal pulses are injected in a photonic crystal fiber. The shot-to-shot stability of the amplified coherent signal was measured by using the dispersive Fourier transform method.


This article presents a series of studies designed to research the predictive association between scores on the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator and performance in the total enterprise simulation. In previous studies by Patz, simulation teams with a high composition of individuals who processed information intuitively and made decisions by thinking (Myers-Briggs types N and T) performed better. Patz found this result across 10 industries, and he reported correlations of greater than. 7. This research, from 12 industries with 99 teams, showed that teams composed of individuals who process information intuitively and use thinking to make decisions did not perform better in total enterprise simulations. The present authors propose that differences in population, game administration, and pedagogical factors may explain the differences between Patz's findings and the present results.


This paper distinguishes between the active and passive states of an array element and advances the thesis that models defined in the passive state maintain their validity in the active state. The influence of reactance at the base of an array element is demonstrated and analytical expressions are suggested to aid in quantifying the base reactance. A model architecture is proposed together with methods for determining the model parameters. Examples of both analysis and design are included and the results are compared to measured data.


The invention discloses a flight target altitude estimation method based on dual-frequency RCS information fusion. The method comprises steps: through fusing high-frequency ground wave radar dual-frequency signal echo intensity information, an estimation model in which the high-frequency ground wave radar target flight altitude and the RCS information can be totally observed and fused in a single base system is built. In a high-frequency ground wave radar dual-frequency working mode, low-altitude flight target RCS information at two working frequencies are combined and transferred, fusion of dual-frequency signal echo information is realized, observability of the altitude estimation model is improved, and the flight target altitude and the RCS are precisely estimated.


The ultrastructure of Sorubim lima spermatogenesis during the premeiotic and meiotic periods was studied. Our observations showed that the germ cells in the cysts are connected by cytoplasmic bridges and the mitotic and meiotic divisions are slightly asynchronous. The first and the last spermatogonial generations differ in the cellular and nuclear volume, nucleolus, chromatin condensation, distribution, size, density, and shape of the mitochondria, presence of 'lamellae anulata', amount and dimension of the 'nuages', and movement of the centrioles. In addition to the nuclear prophase structures, the spermatocyte I shows changes in all other cellular organelles and elongated vesicles appear in the cytoplasm. The accentuated cytoplasmic density and thickened walled vesicles are morphological characteristics that differentiate spermatocytes II from the other germ cells in the cysts of Sorubim lima testis.


This study investigated the effect of storage period on dimensional change and deformation of stone models to determine an acceptable period of alginate impression storage in a sealed bag after spraying with disinfectant solution. Two alginate impression products: Aroma Fine DFIII and Alginoplast EM, characterized by greater or smaller contraction in 100% relative humidity, were used. The impressions were sprayed with 1% sodium hypochlorite or 2% glutaraldehyde solution and then stored in sealed bags. The storage periods were 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, and 4 hours. The sectional profiles of the stone models obtained from each impression were measured using a three-dimensional coordinate measuring system. The results indicated that the impression characterized by greater contraction in 100% relative humidity should not be stored for even 1 hour, and that storage for up to 3 hours of the impression characterized by smaller contraction was clinically acceptable.


Based on the previous research on decision and optimization of process routing,this paper analyzes the characteristic of process knowledge, establishes the representation methods of process knowledge based on feature. According to the constraints mong process knowledge, decision space of process routing based on process constraints is constructed which improved search efficiency of GA. In allusion to the uncertainty of decision of process routing, the multi-objective optimization function is established, and GA is applied to decision and optimization of process routing. Process routing is optimized using the reasonable coding strategy,objective function, crossover and mutation algorithm. An case is offered to illustrate the process of decision and optimization of process routing based on GA.


Vision is responsible for 80 -90% of what the child learns during first 6 years of life and promotes growth and development. Specific expertise and methodology is required to evaluate and manage children with low vision. Pediatric low vision care is no longer limited to magnifiers, large print books or white cane. Through this review on low vision in pediatric population, early intervention, functional vision, use of available diagnostic and types of low vision devices are highlighted. A multidisciplinary, holistic approach and coordinated effort will make children with low vision maximize the residual vision for educational, recreational, social, developmental and quality of life.


In this paper, we investigate a 3-DOF (degree-of-freedom) piezoelectric nano-manipulator designed with flexible flexures and unimorph piezoelectric thin sheet actuators, allowing for high-precision motions with a compact size and fast dynamics response. Based on the Lagrange's equations, the dynamic model of the proposed motion system is established by equivalent approximations of the distributed parameter dynamics and the piezoelectric-mechanical coupling effect. Comprehensive simulations and experiments are also conducted on the flexible piezoelectric nano-manipulator with piezoelectric thin sheets (PZT-5A) under various electric fields, where the proposed model agrees well with simulations and experiments. The proposed modeling approach provides the basis for the model-based feedback controller design of such systems.


We propose AteGau, a system that enables intuitive fashion coordination using both clothes from an online store and clothes from the user's own wardrobe. In our prototype, a projector is used to project images of clothes from an online store next to the user's real-world clothes. As an associated user interface, we implemented the tuck-in / tuck-out switcher, a clothes positioning guide and occasion selector. The user is able to make selections from a store's and real-world clothes to determine how they combine with each other.


PWM rectifier with capactitor's energy-power double close-loop control structure based on Internal Model Control (IMC) is proposed, mathematical model in synchronous dq coordinates and power control model for PWM rectifier are discussed, and cross-power decoupling is obtained based on IMC. The power IMC controllers are designed. In the outer voltage-loop, a voltage control strategy with which the capacitor's energy is taken as a variable is proposed, so the linearization control in the voltage loop is realized, and the dynamic response performance of the voltage is improved. Simulation results confirm the validity of the mentioned strategy.


Abstract We present the first systematic assessment of the population, demography and distribution of the Endangered Zanzibar red colobus Piliocolobus kirkii, in Unguja in the Zanzibar archipelago, based on a survey effort of 4,725 hours. We estimate the total population comprises 5,862 individuals in 342 groups (mean group size 17.12); 3.4 times the mean of all previous estimates. We calculated a total area of occupancy of 376 km2, with 4,042 individuals living within protected areas. Mean group sizes were significantly higher within protected areas (20.57) than outside (12.80). The number of adult females was 3,179 (54.21%), with a mean of 9.29 per group, and the number of adult males was 932 (15.89%), with a mean of 2.71 per group, giving a ratio of 3.31 adult females to adult males. This ratio was significantly lower outside protected areas. The total number of infants was 958 (16.34%), with a mean of 2.80 per group, and the number of subadults/juveniles was 793 (13.52%), with a mean of 2.32 per group, giving ratios of 0.30 infants to adult females, and 0.25 subadults/juveniles to adult females. The results indicate that P. kirkii is resilient and thriving far better than assumed. However, recruitment is low and the population may be in decline, with individuals outside protected areas most at risk. We tentatively support the categorization of P. kirkii as Endangered on the IUCN Red List, argue for greater protected area status for southern Uzi, Vundwe and Mchamgamle, and discuss conservation implications for this charismatic flagship species.


This chapter relates the experience of teaching Marxism and Feminist Standpoint Theory in a compulsory law course to produce graduates with a propensity for deep critique. Deep critique is my version of what Marx called "the ruthless criticism of the existing order", Giroux called "critical pedagogy", Freire called "pedagogy of the oppressed", Adorno called "critical self-reflection", and others have called "radical pedagogy." While deep critique falls short of an extensive program of critical pedagogy, it shares the aims of critical pedagogies to produce students capable of critical self-reflection so that inequality and oppression can be confronted, perhaps overcome. The intention here is threefold. Firstly, to outline why I see critical pedagogy as necessary in the context of the corporate university and the world that has produced the corporate university. Secondly, to relate my practice of deep critique as a small part of the critical pedagogy movement. Thirdly, to share my experience of Marxism and Feminist Standpoint Theory as vital elements of deep critique and critical pedagogy in terms of addressing the turn to identity politics.


One of the teachers commented, "I've never been so excited or exhausted in my life. Maybe I've never taught anything with real meaning until now." A student said, "The most valuable thing this course has offered me is the discovery of my own individuality." Another: "It takes a lot of courage to stay in a class where reality is the most important thing discussed." And another: "It makes you think; that's it, man, it makes you think." A course worth investigating? Yes.


The effects of substitution of micron size powder by nanometer size powder in magnetorheological (MR) fluids are investigated in this study. Three MR fluid samples containing iron powder with 45% weight fraction in a carrier fluid were made by Materials Modification Inc. The difference among these three fluids is size of the magnetic particles. The first MR fluid sample contained only micron size iron powder with 10μm particle size. In the second sample, 5% micron iron was substituted with nano powders having 30~40nm mean diameter, while the third sample had 37.5% micron powder and 7.5% nano powder. Rheological tests were conducted on the three samples using a parallel disk rheometer. Highest yield stress was observed in the second MR fluid sample containing 40% micron and 5% nano iron powder. By replacing only 5% micron iron powder with nanoparticles, we achieved substantial increment in yield stress. However, when nano powder content is increased to 7.5%, the yield stress decreases and is lower than that in the all micron MR fluid. Thus, by doping a reasonable percent of nano iron powder in the MR fluid, a substantial change in the rheological characteristics is obtainable. Further investigations of effects of nano iron powder in MR fluids for higher weight fraction MR fluids will be carried out in future.


The publication of RD. Wilson's Sociobiology in 1975 renewed the infamous controversy in scientific discourse, nature or nurture. Wilson soon became the target of a vicious attack from critics who labeled him as a genetic determinist and, furthermore, a racist. However, before Wilson's formal introduction to the theory, scientists had been practicing its fundamentals since Darwin's On the Origin of Species. Wilson's theory would not have been established without the introduction of Darwin' s theories of natural selection and evolution. John Alcock goes so far as to say that Darwin himself was, indeed, a sociobiologist, studying the social behaviors of various species and exploring them in an evolutionary context (Alcock 2000: 17). William D. Hamilton's work in the 1960s, presented additional support and motivation toward the rudiments of sociobiology. He is perhaps best known for the establishment of ideas emphasizing kin selection over group or population selection (Segerstrale 2000: 57). Around this same time, Richard Dawkins published his "selfish gene" theory, further buttressing the ideas of Wilson and creating a timely confidence for his publication of Sociobiology. So, why was it such a shock to the scientific realm? It is important that we first examine the theory itself. What is sociobiology and how is it applied? Second, we must look at both world histories and the history of scientific thought. The theory alone will not explain the controversy without a full understanding of both academic and public views on the subject at the time in which it was presented. Thus, leading us to the discussion of critical interpretations of sociobiology and, conclusively, whether or not these criticisms are based on emotional reactions or valid reviews.


Clelhra a/info/ia L., a native deciduous shrub cultivated as an ornamental, was recently hybridized with C'. pringlei S. Wats. The purpose of this hybridization was to combine the cold hardiness and adaptability of C. a/info/ia with the ornamental foliage of C. pringlel. While most of the C. aln:fo/ia x C'. pringlei hybrids more closely resembled C. a/info/ia than the paternal species, a 'Hokie Pink' x C. pring/ei hybrid (NA71586) with foliage that flushes red like (. pringlei was recovered. The objectives of this study were to analyze cytologically the F 1 and produce a F2 population from NA71586. Chromosome counts from root tips cells indicated that NA71586 has 32 chromosomes. Since the chromosome number of C. alnifolia is 2n = 32 and that of C. pringlei was found to be 2n = 16, NA71586 appears to have developed following fertilization of a C. a/info/ia egg with an unreduced male gamete from C. pringlei. Both 'l-lokie Pink' and C. pringlei exhibited primarily bivalent pairing in pollen mother cells (PMCs). Over half of the PMCs from NA71586 contained 16 bivalents, indicating substantial homology within the C. a/info/ia genome. It was theorized that C. aln:fo/ia is either an autotetraploid that exhibits bivalent pairing or a segmental allotetraploid produced from hybridization of species with similar genomes. More than 700 F, progeny were obtained from self-pollination of NA71586. Although many of the F 2 progeny resembled NA7 1586, variation in foliage color, size and shape was apparent in the population. HORTSCiENCE VOL. 40(2) APRIL 2005 339 Table I. Morphological comparison of C. aln(Iblia Hokie Pink', C. puing/ci. and two 'Hokie Pink' x C. piingloi hybrids.


One of the most important challenges in nonlinear high-frequency circuit simulation is to incorporate linear, time-invariant circuit blocks described in the frequency-domain, within a separate set of nonlinear integro-differential equations in the time-domain describing semiconductor devices etc. Often the linear representation is derived from EM analysis. This paper reviews some existing approaches to this type of problem including those based on Vector Fitting and an approach based on a non-uniform discrete-time impulse response.


Introduction/Hypothesis: Medical education has moved toward competency-based assessment to determine a trainee's readiness to practice. Use of milestones requires extensive observation of a trainee by faculty as well as objective and reproducible assessment tools. There is increasing evidence for the use of simulation to assess trainee competence. We sought to develop a reliable, standardized assessment system using simulation to longitudinally assess the competency of pediatric critical care medicine (PCCM) fellows at a large fellowship program and to demonstrate the feasibility of such a program. Methods: We conducted high-fidelity, in-situ simulations twice per year. Trainees completed a total of 8 scenarios through fellowship with an increasing level of complexity, i.e. septic shock, status epilepticus, and intracranial hypertension. Trainees were initially rated by three faculty members as a group which served as rater training; after the development of scenario-specific checklists of critical actions, fellows were rated in real-time by two faculty members which improved the timeliness of feedback and reduced the faculty time burden. The scenarios assessed multiple milestones in each of the ACGME core competencies. Fellows are provided written feedback. Those who did not complete critical actions are required to view their filmed sessions and debrief with faculty. Results: Over a three year period, 19 fellows completed 89 scenarios. The critical action completion rate for all scenarios was 76% (68/89). Completion rate varied among scenarios. The status epilepticus scenario demonstrated a 100% completion rate while the pulseless ventricular tachycardia scenario demonstrated a 60% completion rate. Individual fellow cumulative performance ranged from 33% to 100% and correlated with the fellow's overall fellowship performance. Simulation performance also correlated with known programmatic deficits lending to the validity of the assessment. Conclusions: We instituted a longitudinal simulation-based assessment for PCCM. We demonstrated the feasibility both from time and resources of using simulation for assessment as well as the validity of the assessment. Simulation performance is integrated into the clinical competency committee and was used as a catalyst to drive programmatic curriculum change.


The utility model discloses a casting die for a lead part of a storage battery. The casting die comprises a support rack, a fixed die and a moving die, wherein the fixed die is fixedly arranged on the support rack, the moving die is matched with the fixed die to form a casting cavity, the support rack is fixedly provided with a guide rod which penetrates through the moving die, the guide rod is penetrated with a sliding seat, the sliding seat is fixedly provided with a demoulding jacking needle, the moving die is provided with a demoulding hole, the demoulding hole is communicated with the casting cavity, the demoulding ejection needle is inserted into the demoulding hole, the top part of the casting cavity is provided with a casting port, the support rack is hinged with a casting plate, and the casting plate is provided with a drainage hole which is matched with the casting port. The casting die has the advantages that the casting plate can turn, so slag can be conveniently removed; and the lead part can fall down by the demoulding ejection needle, so the procedure of removing the lead part and wastes is saved, and the working efficiency is improved.


The majority of adoption studies have focused on the description of past adoption behavior and the preferences of farmers. There have been limited efforts to predict adoption of new technologies, while preferences of market consumers are invariably omitted. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of production and consumption characteristics of improved sorghum varieties on farmers' adoption decisions. Thirty-four farmers and 231 consumers evaluated five sorghum varieties to determine their preferences. The perceptions of the farmers and consumers were summarized and presented to 100 sorghum farmers to help them choose the best varieties, based on results obtained earlier. Ordered probit models were used to predict their adoption decisions. Results indicated that when adoption is predicted on production characteristics alone the adoption rate was lower than when prediction incorporated both production and consumption characteristics of the sorghum varieties. Therefore, when disseminating new technologies farmers need to be informed about the production as well as the consumption characteristics of the new technologies. The outcomes of this study imply that involving producers and consumers in the generation of new agricultural technologies would potentially increase their adoption rates when they are disseminated. Thus a subsector analytical approach is recommended.


This paper focuses on the Korean Mission's negotiation with Russia in 199) and the role of Kim Deuk-nyon(金得鍊) who was one of the last official Chinese interpreters of Korea. May 26, 1896 there was the coronation of Nicholas Ⅱ, the last Tsar of Russia in Moscow. The special envoy and minister plenipotentiary of Korea, Min Young-Hwan(閔泳煥) and his suite attended the imperial ceremony with curiosity and awe. There were also many famous envoys from allover the world, such as Li Hung-Chang(李鴻章) of China and Yamagata Aritomo(山縣有朋) of Japan. Korean envoy stayed in Russia almost 3 months, negotiating with Russian ministers, visiting many places, such as public institutes, modem factories and museums. On returning way to Korea they took on the course of Trans-Siverian Railway. They were welcom to Korean immigrants when they passed through cities alongside Amur River (or Heilungchang River). They come back to Seoul late October 1896 via vladivostok. The main object of Korean mission stressed on acquiring positive support from Russia, such as military and financial help. Those were most important to Korean King Kojong who stayed at Russian legation against Japanese military menace. However Russian authority didn't have any idea for that kind of support to Korea, partly because of the Japanese and English interest in Korea and Manchuria, and also the weak financial condition of Russia. Russia was interested in the construction of Trans-Siberian Railway which was launched out in 1891 by Alexander Ⅲ. Minister Min was in despair at the result of the negotiations. However he carne back to Korea with 13 Russian military instructors who drilled almost 800 Korean soldiers for the guard of new palace of Korea. Thanks to the palace guards King Kojong could move to the new palace from Russian legation and ascend the throne of emperor in October 1897. Traditionally the group of official Chinese interpreters was a kind of pioneers in Korean Society. They were experts in the foreign affairs, markets. They had talent in business. They were blessed with knowledge, wealth and specialty in foreign language. They could preserve their identity by themselves in traditional Korean society. However the role and function of the official interpreters became to change day by day owing to the introduction of western culture and system to East Asian countries such as Korea with breaking off the Chinese world order. In this period of great change Korean envoys to Russia accomplished their mission. In 1896's, Korean mission to Russia we can find the change of the role of traditional official interpreter. In case of Kim Deuk-Nyon, even though he was an official Chinese interpreter, he had never had chance to do his original role such as interpreting and arranging in this mission. Instead of it he memorized daily schedule of works and activity of minister Min and his suite in detail except for the secret negotiations between minister Min and Russian authorities. He left several writings about the mission. Those are Hwankuilgi(環?日記), Pua kijeong(赴俄記程) and Hwanku umcho(環??艸). The writings of Kim Deuk-Nyon contain very important information about modem civilization of Europe and the industry, natural resources, manufacture, social system, education of Russia. These also explain the situation of Trans-Siberian Railway under construction, natural resources of Siberia, with the condition of Korean immigrants in the East Asian area of Russia Even though Kim Deuk-Nyon could not lead the mission as traditional official Chinese interpreters did in many cases, he did his role more smartly by writing the voyage of the mission from the start to the end in detail with excellent literary skill.


3D N-CNT nanoarrays can effectively facilitate stress release and maintain their structural stability. The assembled quasi-solid-state FZHSC exhibits both good flexibility and superior electrochemical performance.


Small cell carcinoma is a neuroendocrine tumour, mainly arises in lung accounting for 20% of cases. In extrapulmonary sites it accounts for 5% of cases. Among gynaecological malignancies it accounts for 1-2% of cases, common sites are cervix, endometrium, ovary, vagina, vulva in decreasing frequencies. Small cell carcinoma is extremely uncommon in vagina. There are only 26 cases reported in the literature. Here we are reporting 27 th case. Because of its rarity the chances of missing the diagnosis are more. Correct morphological identification, with immunohistochemical analysis is essentail for definitive diagnosis which will be helpful in planning appropriate treatment.


This bachelor thesis is focused on the use of verb tense in the Spanish language. The aim of the thesis is to analyze the sequence of verb tense in the subordinate content clauses after the past simple tense by means of a frequency analysis of the texts contained in the corpus CREA. I only worked with magazine texts published in Spain. The theoretical part begins by defining the sequence of tenses itself, using the secondary literature. From here, it discusses the issue of violating its rules. The rule-violating issue is then studied in the practical part of this work, in which all of the verb forms following the past tense are examined in detail and provided with commentary.


FIG. 1 is a plan view of a handle for a motor driven toothbrush, showing my new design. FIG. 2 is an elevational view of one side thereof, the sides being symmetrical. FIG. 3 is a bottom view thereof. FIG. 4 is an end view thereof taken in the direction of the arrow designated FIG. 4 in FIG. 2. FIG. 5 is an end view thereof taken in the direction of the arrow designated FIG. 5 in FIG, 2. I claim: The ornamental design for a handle for a motor driven toothbrush, as shown and described. References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,854,626 Riggall ---------------Apr. 19, 1932 2,439,262 Nalbach ---------------Apr. 6, 1948


Abstract : Additive manufacturing (AM) technology, known as three-dimensional (3-D) printing, was developed in the 1980s and has matured such that it is being implemented into modern business processes as a way to reduce prototype design and production lead times. Similar to companies in civilian industry, the U.S. Navy s Chief of Naval Operations Rapid Innovation Development Cell has been looking for ways to introduce this technology into the Navy s supply chain. The Navy is operating in a continuously shrinking, budget-constrained environment and always seeks ways to save money and improve business practices. Implementing AM into the Navy s supply chain has the potential to reduce costs and improve acquisition processes. As the Navy continues to invest in AM, current inventories of material must be reviewed for applicability and compatibility to determine what is 3-D printable. This project s goal is to provide decision support criteria by identifying influential factors that determine the applicability of 3-D printing alternatives. The approach taken involves an analysis of the technology, its use in civilian industries, and a discussion of influential factors determining whether 3-D printing is a alternative to traditional supply chains. Moreover, it identifies potential uses and provides examples for printing 3-D material for the Navy.


Thermally stable elastomeric composites were prepared via melt processing from poly(styrene-b-ethylene-co-butylene-b-styrene) (SEBS) and conducting polymer-modified carbon black (CPMCB) additives. CPMCB additives represent a novel thermally stable conductive compound made via "in-situ" deposition of polyaniline or polypyrrole on carbon black particles. Incorporating CPMCB is advantageous to the melt processing of composites, as it reduces the melt viscosity in comparison to the use of pure carbon black. Thermogravimetric analyses (TGA) showed that the composites are thermally stable with no appreciable degradation at temperatures as high as 300°C. In addition, the electrical conductivity of the composites was found to be very stable at high temperatures. Polym. Compos. 25:617–621, 2004. © 2004 Society of Plastics Engineers.


Increasing the number of parts, the Yun Hwalyu bisanryang with the reduction of the outside of the increase and the devices in the device size, realizes the wear loss and damage avoidance of connection pins and, furthermore engaging body recognized to reduce the chain collision sound and vibration generated when the chain receiving the retractable It relates to an operating device. The chain guide plate 130 are respectively provided on both sides of the engagement chains (110 110) of the pair along the chain width direction (W). Then, the chain track regulating member (140 140) having a chain track regulating surface (S1, S1) in contact with the engagement chains (110 110) of the pair engaged with each other by upright which chain coupling integrally screen portion (110B, 110B) It is disposed in contact with the chain rigid screen portion (110B, 110B).


We derive the general form of Hawking temperature for Vaidya black hole in the tunneling pictures. This kind of black hole is regarded as the description of a more realistic one since it's time dependent decreasing mass due to the evaporation process. Clearly, the temperature would be time dependent as our findings. We use the semiclassical methods, namely radial null geodesic and complex paths methods. Both methods are found to give the same results. Then, we discuss the possible form of corresponding entropy.


The study of ancient Greek and Latin in Australia and New Zealand, especially at Sydney Church of England Grammar School in New South Wales, produced this century a number of leading scholars who made a major contribution to the study of Old World archaeology in Europe and Australia this century. Among them were V. G. Childe, T. J. Dunbabin, J. R. Stewart and A. D. Trendall. In developing their respective fields of expertise, all spent some time in Greece, as students, excavators, research workers and soldiers, and had formative links with the British School at Athens. Australia's debt to the Classics is reflected not only in the life-long attachment to their legacy, and to Greece, by the former Prime Minister, the Hon. E. G. Whitlam, but in the perpetuation of their influence in such Colonial and modern structures as the monument of Lysicrates in Sydney's Botanic Gardens and the National Library and new Parliament House in Canberra, and in an official poster illustrating multiculturalism in Australia. Despite their role in shaping Australia's European history, the teaching of Classics is under threat as never before, and the late Enoch Powell, at one time Professor of Ancient Greek at the University of Sydney, has stigmatised the obscurantism which threatens to impoverish if not undermine Western civilisation by closing access to knowledge of our Classical past.


Based on mechanics analysis of a five-axle vehicle, the related kinematics differential equations have been established. With adoption of Fiala Tyre Model, the whole vehicle dynamics simulation model has been built with LabVIEW software. The simulation results show that all-wheel steering technology can improve steering response rate and reduce roll angle of vehicle body with advanced steering of rear-axle wheels.


First-year teaching is a trying ex perience for anyone. For the unusu ally confident and mature individual, this first year of professional work presents many challenges and prob lems. For the somewhat over-conscien tious and idealistic, although poten tially promising person, the achieve ments experienced may seem out of proportion to the failures, with the resulting decision to quit teaching for some other more lucrative and less harassing field of work. The au thor, in the article presented here, makes an interesting attack on, the problem of how to keep our over burdened and under-experienced be ginning teachers with the profession. Mr. Bergstrom, formerly a public school teacher and a supervisor of student teaching at both the Univer sity of Minnesota and Western Wash ington College of Education, is now Coordinator of Instructional Services for the University City (Missouri) Public Schools.—EDITOR.


PURPOSE: A horse riding type health bicycle is provided to enable a user to obtain a continued exercise habit. CONSTITUTION: A horse riding type health bicycle comprises a worm gear(100) which is connected to right and left pedals, a pinion gear(200) which is combined with the worm gear, a crankshaft(300) which is combined with an assistant frame and the pinion gear, and a rod(400) which is combined with the crankshaft and main frame. The rotary motion generated by the pedal is transformed into a linear motion.


cination have been reported, however an exclusive cutaneous involvement was detected in only four other cases. In one of these, CLV was reported for 2 consecutive years after influenza vaccination, in a patient with paraproteinemia. The similarity with our case is interesting. In fact, CLV as a rare paraneoplastic sign in B-LLC patients has been recently described, even if the exact pathomechanism is still unclear. Although the possible contribution of the underlying hematological condition should be considered, which may have made the patient prone to the cutaneous manifestation, the complete resolution in both episodes and the temporal relationship between the injection and the eruptions strongly support the vaccine central role. In our case, there was a complete response to the corticosteroid therapy, and a treatment for B-LLC was not necessary. The patient was advised to avoid the influenza vaccine the following year. In conclusion, clinicians should be aware that CLV could be a possible reaction to the influenza vaccine, especially in patients with impaired immune system homeostasis.


Because of the rapidly increasing number of coronavirus (COVID-19) patients, fears and worries have arisen because of lack of awareness and have led to challenges such as social stigma Therefore, the present article aims to pay attention to the social stigma of people with a history of COVID-19 Because of the emergence of COVID-19 disease, accurate and complete information about its psychosocial problems is not available According to the guidelines and strategies announced by the World Health Organization and the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, it is important to review and present comprehensive programs based on community culture


Photoinduced doping in graphene and its related heterostructures has drawn much interest as one of the possible ways to control the electronic properties of graphene. In this paper, we report that graphene/silicon (Gr/Si) heterostructures are an effective configuration for photoinduced doping in graphene. Raman spectroscopy, electrical and photoelectrical measurements are used to characterize the photoinduced doping effect. The results demonstrate that the graphene in the Gr/Si heterostructure is p-doped by light irradiation, and the doping effect can be controlled by varying the irradiation time. For the electrical properties of the Gr/Si Schottky junction, the photoinduced doping effect reduces the barrier height and series resistance but enhances the ideality factor. For the photovoltaic properties, the doping strengthens the open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current, fill factor, and conversion efficiency. The work should be helpful on developing effective ways for graphene doping and in depth under...


The UK, and London predominantly, is a growing market for residential water-mist systems. Property prices, high terraced house density and limitations on redevelopment make the refurbishment of existing homes the most common consumer investment in property. Layout flexibility in these refurbishments tend to be limited by the prescriptive guidance of Approved Document B which calls for passive fire compartmentation. Partial sprinkler coverage is an acceptable "compensatory measure" (Alternative Means and Method) to protected escape routes but are cumbersome to retrofit, especially if only one floor needs coverage.


The diagnostic characters which separate Hypochaeris glabra from H. radicata are more distinct than generally is assumed. In this study, a few new diagnostic characters are presented based on observations of plants in horticulture. In England, hybridisation between Hypochaeris glabra and H. radicata has been observed. Hitherto the hybrid between these two species has not been observed in the Low Countries, but its undetected presence may be the reason for the uncharacteristic large size of the flowering head that is given for Hypochaeris glabra in recent Dutch and Belgian Floras. The circumscription of the habitat of H. glabra also needs correction. The species certainly is not calcifuge, because it grows on calcareous soil as well.


Let $r$ and $d$ be positive integers with $r<d$. Consider a random $d$-ary tree constructed as follows. Start with a single vertex, and in each time-step choose a uniformly random leaf and give it $d$ newly created offspring. Let ${\mathcal T}_t$ be the tree produced after $t$ steps. We show that there exists a fixed $\delta<1$ depending on $d$ and $r$ such that almost surely for all large $t$, every $r$-ary subtree of ${\mathcal T}_t$ has less than $t^{\delta}$ vertices.
The proof involves analysis that also yields a related result. Consider the following iterative construction of a random planar triangulation. Start with a triangle embedded in the plane. In each step, choose a bounded face uniformly at random, add a vertex inside that face and join it to the vertices of the face. In this way, one face is destroyed and three new faces are created. After $t$ steps, we obtain a random triangulated plane graph with $t+3$ vertices, which is called a random Apollonian network. We prove that there exists a fixed $\delta<1$, such that eventually every path in this graph has length less than $t^{\delta}$, which verifies a conjecture of Cooper and Frieze.


Nature-based solutions (NBS) are posited as an important option for increasing urban resilience as the world shifts away from unsustainable forms of development including the traditional, "grey" infrastructure that has dominated the traditional cityscape. NBS can help mitigate flood and heat risks, provide ecosystem services, and offer new or better green living spaces for humans and wildlife. As a relatively novel form of infrastructure, they face a much wider variety of barriers to implementation than grey infrastructure. This review addresses the question, "what are the key barriers to implementing nature-based solutions in urban areas?". Thirteen key barriers were identified in the existing literature: lack of professional expertise and resources, lack of public knowledge, performance uncertainty, contextual uncertainty, fear of negative consequences, fear of operational unknowns, insufficient interactions between key players, Biographie: structural silos, path dependency, temporal mismatches, spatial constraints, valuation, and financial constraints. The review found that there is a complex system of interrelated informational limitations and institutional factors that work against the potential implementation of NBS in urban areas.


A general one-pot protocol is reported to prepare hollow or porous manganese (Mn) oxide, phosphate, sulfide nanoparticles (NPs) via a controlled ion transfer process.


WANG Nan, XU Congwei School of Economics and Management Beihang University P.R. China 100083 Abstract:Financial data reflects the development situation and the operating results of an enterprise. The development of hi-tech enterprises has been gaining extensive attention, the use of financial data to evaluate its integrated ability is necessary. After the selection of financial indexes to elevate this integrated ability and through a questionnaire survey of 260 hi-tech enterprises in Beijing, four different types of Beijing hi-tech enterprises are classified with the application of SOM method. The article therefore states the various types' characteristics.


It is hoped that in 2015 world leaders will agree on a set of Sustainable Development Goals and set targets for progress on poverty reduction, security of water, energy and food, climate resilience, livelihoods, governance and gender equity. These goals can be met at least in part by productive landscapes that include forests, trees and agroforestry (Mbow, van Noordwijk et al. 2014). An important part of the agenda are the opportunities and challenges of balancing trade-offs in managing for productive and sustainable landscapes that provide integrated local, national and global benefits (Sunderland, Ehringhaus and Campbell 2008).


The invention discloses an optical fibre sampling signal filtering method and device, and an optical fibre temperature measuring method and device. The filtering method comprises the following steps of: performing weighted calculation of an optical fibre sampling signal X(n) by adopting a weight w(n) so as to obtain an output signal Y(n); comparing the output signal Y(n) with an expected output signal D(n) so as to obtain an estimated error E(n); judging whether the estimated error E(n) satisfies a pre-set requirement or not; if not, correcting the weight w(n) according to the estimated error E(n), and executing the above step again by adopting the corrected weight; and if so, taking the output signal Y(n) as a filtered optical fibre sampling signal. By means of the manner, the filtering stability and precision can be improved; and the denoising effect is effectively improved.


A case study on the lighthouse Norstromsgrund in the Gulf of Bothnia has been performed. Design ice load for the lighthouse is compared to existing code recommendations. It was found that the lighthouse was designed for a load level 110 % higher than what is proposed by the recently issued ISO/DIS 19906 design code. By the fact that the structure has got damages by ice action, it is concluded that separate dynamic analyses should be performed instead of simply adding amplification factors to the static loads. The present work shows ones again that a sawtooth like time series gives lower responses in the structure than harmonic functions when both are applied at the fundamental frequency.