II. Thematic papers (printed with permission from New Academy of Business) Corporate responsibility-the emerging South Asian agenda By Ritu Kumar, TERI-Europe, UK (from Something to Believe in-creating trust and hope in organisations: stories of transparency, accountability and governance, Greenleaf Publishing 2003) It's the film that matters, not the photo-good governance in development cooperation Background Generating wealth in a manner that is socially and environmentally responsible, and thus sustainable, must become a common goal of the domestic and international business community. With the opening of the world economy, rise in strategic importance of stakeholder relationships, knowledge economy, brand reputation, repositioning of government activities and privatisation it is becoming increasingly important to do business ethically, morally and with concern for the society. Businesses today are realising that the world is not made up of strangers, but of their own neighbours, customers, employees and shareholders. UN Secretary-General, Kofi Annan, introduced the Global Compact in 1999, calling on business leaders to embrace its nine principles upholding human rights, labour rights and environmental responsibility. By combining social action with good community relations and employee development businesses provide solutions to social problems, strengthen the local economy, build goodwill towards their companies and achieve business goals. and a workshop on this theme, in partnership with Management Development Institute Gurgaon and New Academy of Business in December 2002. An on-line learning module was piloted at that time. The current focus is to meet the need for developing CSR curriculum and learning materials with management educators and practitioners. In January 2004, 47 North India based management institutes included in the 100 top business schools identified by Business World and Business Today were invited to join the CSR network and participate in CSR events such as this Seminar Series. CSR Network partners have further extended this Series through links with corporates and institutions such as National Law University at Jodhpur. To raise awareness on issues of corporate social responsibility and impact of business in building a society based on equality and justice Objective To promote links between academics, students and corporates through practitioner experience and engagement with local communities 4 5 Outputs Seminar series conducted at 4 venues for up to 500 students and academics; and 250 corporates Learning materials disseminated widely Ideas for future projects developed in consultation with young students Corporate Social Responsibility network piloted Seminar structure At each venue, two sessions will be organised: Awareness session for …


Time-travelling visualization answers how the predictions of a deep classifier are formed during the training. It visualizes in two or three dimensional space how the classification boundaries and sample embeddings are evolved during training.

In this work, we propose TimeVis, a novel time-travelling visualization solution for deep classifiers. Comparing to the state-of-the-art solution DeepVisualInsight (DVI), TimeVis can significantly (1) reduce visualization errors for rendering samples' travel across different training epochs, and (2) improve the visualization efficiency. To this end, we design a technique called temporality spatialization, which unifies the spatial relation (e.g., neighbouring samples in single epoch) and temporal relation (e.g., one identical sample in neighbouring training epochs) into one high-dimensional topological complex. Such spatio-temporal complex can be used to efficiently train one visualization model to accurately project and inverse-project any high and low dimensional data across epochs. Our extensive experiment shows that, in comparison to DVI, TimeVis not only is more accurate to preserve the visualized time-travelling semantics, but 15X faster in visualization efficiency, achieving a new state-of-the-art in time-travelling visualization.


The Covid-19 pandemic has swept the world in fewer than 3 months, and there remains no end in sight. Approximately 6.1% of Covid-19 cases were classified as critical—defined as respiratory failure, shock, and multiple organ dysfunction or failure (1). Among the critically ill Covid-19 patients, ∼6–47% of them were intubated in China (2–7), 71–75% were intubated in the United States (8, 9), and 88% were intubated in Italy (10). The sheer volume of patients who require invasive mechanical ventilation support entails that anesthesia professionals have been put under significant pressure during this pandemic. This pressure is exacerbated by the fact that many urgent and emergent surgeries must proceed, even in situations in which patients have confirmed or suspected Covid-19. Clearly, anesthesia providers are playing a fundamental role in the frontline efforts to fight against this formidable pandemic. This paper discusses the impact Covid-19 is having on contemporary anesthesia practice through different phases and highlights some of the lessons we can learn to inform future practice (Figure 1).


Abstract The structure of concentric-shell carbon onions, which were synthesized by carbon-ion implantation into copper and silver substrates, is investigated by carrying out transmission electron microscopy (TEM) characterizations. TEM observations at high specimen temperatures reveal that carbon onions with coherent shells and a highly symmetric structure can be obtained by ion implantation. The onions show a decreasing intershell spacing towards their centre. Contrast features in bright- and dark-field images of carbon onions are compared with high-resolution lattice images. A structure model is suggested on the basis of local faceting of the onions and stacking order between the shells. The relationship between carbon onions and fullerenes with defects such as pentagonal or heptagonal rings in the shells is discussed.


Using the obvious meaning of the third verse in Resurrection Sura and interpreting that verse and also the results and comments of leading scientists in the field of Molecular Genetics and Molecular Biological Sciences using Pub Med's database as one of the most comprehensive scientific databases- research in medical sciences and the comparative study on the conceptual meaning of the third verse of the Resurrection Sura and interpreting the above verse with scientific findings- fine science research in the field of Molecular Genetics and Molecular Biology. It seems that the concept of rehabilitation is at the tip of the fingertips of the deceased, which in the third verse, Allah has emphasized Resurrection; from the concept and raw imagination of the formation of this finger and the breathtaking depths show the series of tools in the world of creation and the emergence of this fountain of tools as a divine will and power. In the Resurrection of the fingers of the deceased genetic tools and causes, the chromosome that impacts the formation of these fingers, the astonishing and precise complexities, and the power of God, this will be revived. The preciseness and breathtaking depths of resurrection show the greatness and holiness of our God.


Discovery—literally, the act of uncovering—implies a new and fundamental observation that changes the way in which we view and respond to the world (Image 1). Eureka (''I have found it'') moments are rare in science. Given the physiques of many scientists, this may be a good thing. Legend has it that when Archimedes discovered while bathing that the volume of an object could be calculated by finding the volume of water it displaced, he leaped out of the bathtub and ran naked through the streets of Syracuse proclaiming his discovery. The rate of discovery of new microbes, and of new associations of microbes with health and disease, has accelerated over the past two decades. Many factors are implicated. New pathogens have truly emerged with the globalization of travel and trade, changes in demographics and land use, susceptibility to opportunistic organisms associated with immunosuppression, and climate change [1]. New molecular technologies such as MassTag PCR [2–5], microbial microarrays [6–9], and unbiased high throughput sequencing (HTS) [10] have enabled efficient microbial surveillance and discovery. The databases needed to recognize sequences as host or microbial have improved dramatically. Sample collection has become sophisticated and comprehensive. Last, but not least, our models for pathogenesis embrace increasingly complex mechanisms that consider host–microbe–timing interactions in acute and chronic disease.


(NOTE: Each chapter concludes with Summary, Problems, and References.) 1. Hydrologic Principles. Introduction to Hydrology. Hydrologic Cycle. Weather Systems. Precipitation. Evaporation and ET. Infiltration Loss. StreamFlow and the Hydrograph. Hydrologic Measurement. 2. Hydrologic Analysis. Watershed Concepts. Rainfall-Runoff. Hydrograph Analysis. Unit Hydrograph Theory. Synthetic Unit Hydrograph Development. Applications of Unit Hydrographs. Conceptual Models. Snowfall and Snowmelt. Green and AMPT Infiltration Method. 3. Frequency Analysis. Introduction. Probability Concepts. Random Variables and Probability Distributions. Return Period or Recurrence Interval. Common Probabilistic Models. Graphical Presentation of Data. Related Topics. 4. Flood Routing. Hydrologic and Hydraulic Routing. Hydrologic River Routing. Hydrologic Reservoir Routing. Governing Equations for Hydraulic River Routing. Movement of a Flood Wave. Kinematic Wave Routing. Hydraulic River Routing. 5. Hydrologic Simulation Models. Introduction to Hydrologic Models. Steps in Watershed Modeling. Description of Major Hydrologic Models. HEC-1 Flood Hydrograph Package. Input and Output Data for HEC-1. Introduction to HEC-HMS. HEC-HMS Watershed Analysis: Case Study. 6. Urban Hydrology. Characteristics of Urban Hydrology. Review of Physical Processes. Rainfall Analysis. Methods for Quantity Analysis. Sewer System Hydraulics. Control Options. Operational Computer Models. Case Study. 7. Floodplain Hydraulics. Uniform Flow. Uniform Flow Computations. Specific Energy and Critical Flow. Occurrence of Critical Depth. Nonuniform Flow or Gradually Varied Flow. Gradually Varied Flow Equations. Classification of Water Surface Profiles. Hydraulic Jump. Introduction to the HEC-2 Model. Theoretical Basis for HEC-2. Basic Data Requirements. Optional HEC-2 Capabilities. Input and Output Features. Example of HEC-2 Input. Introduction to HEC-RAS. 8. Ground Water Hydrology. Introduction. Properties of Ground Water. Ground Water Movement. Flow Nets. General Flow Equations. Dupuit Equation. Streamlines and Equipotential Lines. Unsaturated Flow. Steady-State Well Hydraulics. Unsteady Well Hydraulics. Water Wells. Ground Water Modeling Techniques. 9. Design Issues in Hydrology. Introduction. Design Rainfalls. Small Watershed Design. Design Hydrographs for Pipes, Overland Flows, and Channels. Detention Pond Design for Flood Control. Floodplain Analysis and Design at the Woodlands-Case Study. 10. GIS Applications in Hydrology. Introduction to GIS. General GIS Concepts. Digital Representation Hydrologic Parameters. Digital Representation of Topography. GIS-Based Hydrology and Hydraulics. Common GIS Software Programs. 11. Radar Rainfall Applications in Hydrologic. Introduction. Radar Estimation of Rainfall. WSR-88D Radar System. Real-Time WSR-88D Precipitation Products. Radar to Gage Calibration. Linkages with Hydrologic Modeling. 12. Floodplain Management Issues in Hydrology. Introduction. The Era of Federal Structural Flood Control Measures. The Federal Emergency Management Agency. Floodplain Management Issues. Structural Methods of Flood Control. The Flood Control Paradox. Nonstructural Methods of Flood Control. Clear Creek Case Study: A GIS-Based Approach. Appendix A. Symbols and Notation. Appendix B. Metric Conversion Factors (SI Units to U.S. Customary). Appendix C. Properties of Water. Appendix D. Normal Distribution Tables. Appendix E. Useful Hydrology-Related Internet Links. Glossary. Index.


The purpose of this paper is to summarize and evaluate the content of a proposed undergraduate IS capstone course by the authors. A statistical analysis of a survey regarding the behavioral objectives of the proposed IS capstone course is used to augment the evaluation aspect of the capstone course content. The IS 2002 Model Curriculum and Guidelines for Undergraduate Programs was used as a guideline in developing the capstone objectives. A review of the proposed IS capstone course is presented. The IS capstone course behavioral outcomes are summarized. Based on the behavioral outcomes a survey instrument was prepared that would address each of the outcomes. The purpose of the survey questionnaire was to acquire the perceptions of both IS educators and IS professionals who responded to the survey. From eleven research questions a set of eight (8) research hypotheses were listed. The research hypotheses are aimed at learning if IS educators and IS professionals agree or disagree on key course objectives identified for the capstone course. Demographic results are presented along with separate statistical tests for each of the null hypotheses. Both Chi Square tests for independent proportions for 2X2 tables and Two-Sample T-Tests where appropriate are performed to determine if survey item means for each group were significantly different and to also examine the magnitude of the means to determine if the respondents strongly agreed with the survey item that maps to a stated course outcome


Liliya Ovcharova - Director, Centre for Analysis of Income and Living Standards of Population, National Research University "Higher School of Economics". Address: 20, Myasnitskaya St., Moscow, 101000, Russian Federation. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Popova - Leading Research Fellow, Centre for Analysis of Income and Living Standards, National Research University "Higher School of Economics". Address: 20, Myasnitskaya St., Moscow, 101000, Russian Federation. E-mail: email@example.com paper analyses the dynamics of living standards of the Russian population in the post-Soviet period. It considers a comprehensive system of indicators of living standards, including cash income, expenditure and consumption measures. The data for the report comes from two sources - national macro-statistics and independent sociological surveys. The government statistics and the microdata are compared whenever possible.The year 1991, the one that preceded the market transformation in Russia, was chosen as a starting point of analysis. Ideally, 1990 - the last year of the Soviet state - should have been selected as the base year. Unfortunately, the statistical data on some key economic indicators for 1990 are not available. It is noteworthy that several indicators were included in the national statistics even later (for example, the concept of poverty was introduced only in 1992). Therefore, some tables and figures in this report start from the later base year.For the last twenty years of the post-Soviet era, the income of the Russian population has increased by 50% in real terms. This means that the household sector of the economy has now accumulated substantial material resources. The growth dynamics of the main components of income resulted in a specific income model with the following features: a slow growth of pensions; a high importance of new income sources, such as income from property and entrepreneurial activities; and a high share of non-observed earnings. Further economic development is compounded by high income inequality, especially by high regional disparities. This inequality manifests itself in the concentration of income from property and entrepreneurial activity in small segments of the population, and the absence of an adequate social security system, which would enable the middle class to maintain their standard of living after retirement. However, with more people being involved in financial activities such as credit and savings behavior, there is a tendency of higher income stabilization in the course of a lifetime.The main characteristics of the structure of household income and consumption, as well as poverty indices, point out that Russia is on the way to the formation of a new consumer standard. This new standard is characterized by a tendency to invest a bigger share of household resources in human capital in order to increase life opportunities. The survival-oriented model has ceased to be typical for most people. The share of food products in total household consumption has declined, while the share of services has doubled over the last twenty years. Even among the poor households (those with income below the subsistence minimum level) every second one has a personal computer, and every third one - a personal car. Almost everyone has a cell phone.By now, all groups of the Russian population have to spend a larger share of their income on housing and utilities. More than a half of all households have shifted their consumer preferences to buying cars, paying for transport and communication services, as well as eating out, cultural activities, entertainment and travel. The most prosperous and well-educated people invest their resources in health care and further education, demanding services of higher quality. They also require higher transparency in the provision of these services, i.e. the accountability of service providers.


To examine cafeteria managers' perceptions of and promotion of salad bars. School salad bars are encouraged by USDA as one of the most effective means to meet the new school meal guidelines. However, little is known about prevalence and implementation of school salad bar promotion strategies.


In aspect of capacity, wind power generation and traditional power generation is inner connected. The capacity credit is a convenient and effective way to compare these two different types of power generation. Capacity credit of wind power (CCOWF) is presented in this paper, as well as a calculation method of CCOWF based on probabilistic production simulation (PPS), this method is based on sequence operation theory (SOT) and considers both the probabilistic of load and power generation. Considering the loss of load expectation (LOLE) is unchanged with the accessing of wind power and shutting some gas-guzzling thermal power down. The corresponding software is programmed, and the diagrammatic method is developed to calculate and the CCOWF of IEEE-RTS79 test system. In the end, the application of CCOWF in aspect of calculating the ability of peak load regulation and the capacity of spinning reserve is short presented.


and possibly elsewhere, "forcing from aerosol scattering": By scattering solar radiation, aerosols generally tend to increase the mean photon path and therefore gaseous absorption. I would argue that "forcing due to aerosol scattering" or "forcing induced by aerosol scattering" is a more appropriate term than "forcing from aerosol scattering". Likewise


The invention discloses a convex rib winding reinforced polyvinyl chloride hose for sand transportation and a preparation method thereof. The convex rib winding reinforced polyvinyl chloride hose for sand transportation is prepared from a polyvinyl chloride soft mixture and a polyvinyl chloride hard mixture, wherein the polyvinyl chloride soft mixture is prepared from suspension-process polyvinylchloride, high-molecular-weight polyvinyl chloride, plasticizer, anti-shock modifier, toughener, processing modifier, organotin stabilizer, calcium-zinc composite stabilizer, rare-earth stabilizer, lubricant, light stabilizer, filler and other assistants; and the polyvinyl chloride hard mixture is prepared from suspension-process polyvinyl chloride, chlorinated polyvinyl chloride, anti-shock modifier, toughener, processing modifier, organotin stabilizer, calcium-zinc composite stabilizer, lubricant, light stabilizer, filler and other assistants. The product prepared by the technical scheme ofthe invention has the advantages of favorable wear resistance, heat resistance, freezing resistance, fatigue resistance, bending resistance, energy saving and low cost, and is a new product expected in sand transportation industry.


An evidence game is a strategic disclosure game in which an informed agent who has some pieces of verifiable evidence decides which ones to disclose to an uninformed principal who chooses a reward. The agent, regardless of his information, prefers the reward to be as high as possible. We compare the setup in which the principal chooses the reward after the evidence is disclosed to the mechanism-design setup where he can commit in advance to a reward policy, and show that under natural conditions related to the evidence structure and the inherent prominence of truth, the two setups yield the same outcome.


This paper analyses some key technologies about study and development of CBD system based on PDM system, and describes the method of the integration and data exchange between CBD and PDM. It introduces open roll machine intelligent integration design system based on SmarTeam.


NIMS is a computer-aided information system in which the spatial reference system consists of the urban road and footpath network. This project describes the use and development of NIMS is relation to traffic planning. In the nims system, there are advantages of storing the traffic data requirements as detailed information from which functional parameters can be derived. The information should be related to intersections, to the distance between them and to points and sections of this distance. Models for storing and relating the information to the reference system should be drawn up. Analysis of journey time and traffic flows is essential in traffic planning and has to be practicable in a NIMS system for traffic planning. The NIMS system should be developed to make full use of and to give input for existing methods, dator programs and dator models describing different effects in the traffic system. In the Swedish NIMS systems the information is only related to the segment itself. In analysis of distances the information is assumed to be located in the middle of the segment's length. Finally, another technique for relating the information to the network is discussed in the report. /TRRL/


An embodiment of the invention provides a method, a device and a system for network package processing, response time of the system can be reduced, system resources are saved, and the efficiency of the network package processing is improved. The method includes the steps that a network package is received and is cached into a first address of an internal memory buffer area; according to the address mapping relation among the first address of the internal memory buffer area, an address of a prestored internal memory buffer area and a physical address of a video memory of a graphics processor (GPU), the physical address of the network package in the video memory of the GPU is determined; a direct memory access (DMA) controller is controlled to write the network package into the determined physical address of the video memory of the GPU where the network package is in; and first indication information is sent to enable a communication opposite end to process the network package according to the first indication information, wherein the first indication information carries the determined physical address of the network package in the video memory of the GPU. The method, the device and the system are applied to the field of computers.


Covariation among discrete phenotypes can arise due to selection for shared functions, and/or shared genetic and developmental underpinnings. The consequences of such phenotypic integration are far‐reaching and can act to either facilitate or limit morphological variation. The vertebrate brain is known to act as an "organizer" of craniofacial development, secreting morphogens that can affect the shape of the growing neurocranium, consistent with roles for pleiotropy in brain–neurocranium covariation. Here, we test this hypothesis in cichlid fishes by first examining the degree of shape integration between the brain and the neurocranium using three‐dimensional geometric morphometrics in an F5 hybrid population, and then genetically mapping trait covariation using quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis. We observe shape associations between the brain and the neurocranium, a pattern that holds even when we assess associations between the brain and constituent parts of the neurocranium: the rostrum and braincase. We also recover robust genetic signals for both hard‐ and soft‐tissue traits and identify a genomic region where QTL for the brain and braincase overlap, implicating a role for pleiotropy in patterning trait covariation. Fine mapping of the overlapping genomic region identifies a candidate gene, notch1a, which is known to be involved in patterning skeletal and neural tissues during development. Taken together, these data offer a genetic hypothesis for brain–neurocranium covariation, as well as a potential mechanism by which behavioral shifts may simultaneously drive rapid change in neuroanatomy and craniofacial morphology.


The research was designed to study the effect of kinetin to and the interaction yield and seed quality  variety mung bean Fore Belu during the drought stress at generative stage. It was conducted from April until September 2007 at Kupang This research was arranged in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) based a factorial experiment (3x4) with three replications. The first factor was soil water content showing the level of drought strees, i.e. soil water content 100% field capacity, soil water content 75% field capacity, and soil water content 50% field capacity. The second factor was the concentration of kinetin i.e. 0, 20, 40 and 60 ppm. Furthermore, the seeds obtained from pot experiment were planted to know quality seeds. Data were analysed using analysis of variance, significant level at 5%, continued with DMRT 5%. The result showed that the drought up to soil water content 75% and 50% field capacity during reproductive stages of variety mung bean Fore Belu decreased yield and seed quality of mung bean. Kinetin sprayed on the leaves was effective to increase yield of mung bean. Concentration 60 ppm of kinetin indicated most the effective concentration to increase the growth and yield of variety mung bean Fore Belu. However concentration 40 ppm have been can give good response to yield of mung bean. Seed quality variety mungbean Fore Belu was not influenced by kinetin giving. There was no interaction between drought strees with giving of kinetin to yield and seed quality variety mungbean Fore Belu. Keywords: Kinetin, drought stress, mungbean, generative


Raman image measurements have been carried out to characterize the spatial variation in the crystallinity of silicon crystals which are ion‐implanted and subsequently flash‐lamp annealed. The spatial distributions of the peak frequency, band width, and normalized intensity (Raman parameters) have been examined for samples lamp annealed at different temperatures from 600 to 1100 °C. For specimens annealed at temperatures higher than 800 °C, the Raman parameters are constant and the same as those of silicon crystals in almost all areas. However, in sparse regions with a few micron in size, a broad band shifted to the lower frequency side of the crystalline band is observed. The Raman parameters of the broad band change with location within the small region. These results of the Raman imaging, together with the result of transmission electron microscopy, show that these small areas correspond to high defect density clusters located in the outer surface of the annealed layer. It is concluded that the high den...


Analog research measures phenomena of interest through an emulation of real-life events. "Analog" is derived from the same root as "analogy"—an analog is like something else. What is measured or studied in analog research is a stand-in for the actual behavior or phenomenon of interest.

Keywords:

analog research;
simulation research;
naturalistic research;
behavioral observation;
external validity


The paper presents the modified RMA (mRMA) algorithm to focus the echo data of SS-BiSAR systems with the fixed receiver. In order to validate the proposed algorithm, an imaging experiment was demonstrated. The experimental radar image was obtained by means of mRMA algorithm. (4 pages)


Funding information the National Natural Science Foundation of China, Grant/Award Number: 71703044; Humanities and Social Sciences Youth Foundation of Ministry of Education of China, Grant/Award Number: 17YJC790115 Abstract This paper presents new empirical evidence on the effect of population aging on economic growth in China. Aging is widely assumed to impact economic growth by shaping the labor market performance and human capital. Using an interactive fixed effects model and a provincial panel data set during 1990– 2015, and also exploiting the predicted provincebyyear variation in population aging fraction as an instrument, we examine the impact of population aging on the growth rate of gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, labor force ratio, and labor productivity. The results show that a 10% increase in the fraction of the population aged 65+ decreases the growth rate of GDP per capita by approximately 2%. Furthermore, channel decomposition shows that half of the decrease is due to slower growth of the labor force ratio, whereas the rest may be due to slower productivity growth. In addition, the negative effect of aging on GDP growth is more substantial after the year 2000, and the effect of aging on the labor force ratio and productivity shows different patterns during different periods.


Part 1: Introduction to Employee Benefits Chapter 1: Employee Benefits in a Changing Business and Social Context Chapter 2: Planning the Employee Benefits Program Chapter 3: Regulation of Discretionary Employee Benefits Part 2: Insurance Chapter 4: Social Security Programs Chapter 5: Health Insurance Chapter 6: Disability Insurance, Workers' Compensation, and Life Insurance Part 3: Retirement Plans Chapter 7: Company-Sponsored Retirement Plans: Defined Benefit, Defined Contribution, and Hybrid Plans Chapter 8: Retirement Plans and Benefits for Executive Employees Part 4: Services Chapter 9: Paid Time-Off from Work Chapter 10: Accommodation and Enhancement Benefits


Characterization and Functional Study of a Gene BnMicEmUP Upregulated in Embryogenic Brassica napus Microspore Cultures Fariba Shahmir Advisor: University of Guelph, 2014 Professor K.P.Pauls Microspores of Brassica napus can be diverted from pollen development to embryo development by isolating and culturing them at a slightly elevated temperature (32oC). Embryo development in microspore cultures closely resembles zygotic embryo development making it possible to use this system to identify genes involved in zygotic embryogenesis. A previous study comparing the transcriptomes of three–day-old sorted embryogenic and pollen-like (nonembryogenic) cells of B. napus microspore cultures identified 120 transcripts that were up-regulated at least two fold in embryogenic microspores, including a fragment of a gene homologous to the unidentified gene AT1G74730. The current study characterized AT1G74730 homologs in B. napus and tested their function by over-expressing it and reducing its expression by RNA silencing in B. napus and Arabidopsis. The complete genes were isolated and sequenced from B. napus by PCR and RT-PCR using primers designed from the AT1G74730 sequence and named BnMicEmUP (B. napus microspore embryogenesis upregulated gene). Four forms of BnMicEmUP mRNA, BnMicEmUP1 (766bp) BnMicEmUP2 (744 bp), BnMicEmUP3 (742bp) and BnMicEmUP4 (685bp) and three forms of genomic DNA (711bp, 806bp and 864bp) were identified.BnMicEmUP2,3 was up-regulated more than seven-fold compared to non-induced cultures by day 3 in embryogenic microspore cultures. BnMicEmUP1,3 is expressed in leaf, root, stem and embryo cells. To investigate the function of BnMicEmUP, Arabidopsis transgenic plants with silencing constructs (pFGc 5941) and overexpressing constructs driven by a 35S promoter (pB1121) or an inducible promoter (pER8) were created. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants, which over-expressed the gene (35S::AtBnMicEmUP1 and XVE::AtBnMicEmUP), had flowering times, biomass production, and reproductive traits that were lower than those for control plants, whereas, RNAi and mutant transgenic plants often exceeded control plant values. Most notably, over expressing lines had a 34 % reduction in seed production relative to knockdown lines. It is proposed that BnMicEmUP (bZIP) is a transcription factor gene with dual targeting, first to the plastid and then, in the nucleus with a role in ABAmediated transcriptional regulation. The results obtained from this study can be used to improve crop yield; as well as basic information on embryogenic processes leading to a greater understanding of totipotency in plants.


The conditions for the stable operation of the steam-water geothermal well are considered on the basis of the analysis of the characteristics reflecting the dependence of the bottomhole pressure on the flow rate for the well and the feed aquifer. When the position of the static water level is below the wellhead, these conditions determine the principle possibility of the steam-lift production of the fluid in the self-discharge regime. When constructing the characteristics of the well, it is necessary to take into account the dependence of the external wellhead pressure, determined by the flow downstream from the wellhead, on the flow. A sufficient condition for stable steam-lift operation is the finding of a working point (the intersection of characteristics) on the ascending branch of the characteristic of the well. In the presence of factors that inhibit the development of instability at the wellhead, the possibility of steam-lift operation while finding a working point and on the descending branch near the extremum of the well characteristic is not ruled out.
Some methods of changing the characteristics of a well and an aquifer that contribute to the achievement of the required location of the working point are considered. The importance of choosing the method of excitation of a well and the technology of its implementation in the presence of the required location are noted. The reasons for appearance of difficulties of the steam-lift operation of the well are indicated. It is recommended, having faced in practice with such difficulties and having found the reasons for their occurrence, choose the most appropriate ways of eliminating them, preferring the simplest in the implementation the methods that, in case of failure, will not interfere with further attempts to provide the necessary mode of operation.


Root grub species richness, evenness, diversity and distribution in groundnut ecosystem of Southern and Scarce Rainfall Zones of Andhra Pradesh was studied as the information on its species diversity and abundance provides valuable inputs in devising suitable management strategies. Light traps installed in major groundnut growing tracts of four districts of Southern and Scarce Rainfall Zones Andhra Pradesh during Kharif, 2014. A total of 1471 adult Scarabaeidae beetles collected from the light traps consisting of 15 species under 7 genera of three subfamilies Melolonthinae constituting 64.58% followed by Dynastinae (17.95%) and Rutelinae (17.47%). Higher species diversity, richness and evenness in Melolonthinae followed by Rutelinae and Dynastinae. Holotrichia reynaudi (32.90%) was the predominant species followed by Phyllognathus dionysius (17.95%), Holotrichia serrata (14.68%), Brahmina mysorensis (9.18%), Anomola dorsalis (9.18%) associated with groundnut in Rayalaseema region. The alpha diversity and species richness were high in Chittoor district followed by YSR, Kurnool and Ananthapuramu. The species evenness was high in Kurnool followed by Chittoor, YSR Kadapa and Ananthapuramu.


This paper is another in the series of studies of the excretion, retention, and distribution of Th228 and its decay products in adult beagles (1-4). These metabolic studies are in turn a part of the long-term studies of the biological effects of Th228 and other radionuclides in beagles (5). This communication reports measurements of the activities of Ra224 and Pb212 in one humerus, the third lumbar vertebra, the liver, the spleen, and the kidneys through 3.5 years after injection. The activity of Bi212 in kidneys is also presented. These results, together with those for Th228 (3), are then used to estimate average radiation dose rates for bone, liver, and kidneys.


This study aimed to investigate the impact of game-based learning on students' performance. For this reason, an empirical study was conducted which comprises the comparison of traditional learning and game-based learning. The participants were lower primary school students of age group 6-8 years. GSR NUL-217 logger sensor was used to record the physiological signals of each participant in real-time. An android-based game intervention named "KidsZoneApp" was developed which included Mathematics and English lesson plans according to the student's curriculum. The collected log data was used to calculate the changes in different dimensions of completing the task. ANOVA yielded a very significant difference between game-based learning and traditional learning groups. Overall, the results showed that game-based learning contributed to increased students' performance levels. Significantly, students under game-based learning completed the task in lesser time as compared to traditional learning. Keywords— Mobile learning, Games, Early years education, Media in education, Applications in subject areas


This study was carried out to investigate the generation of biogas from poultry manure. Biogas is a mixture of colourless, flammable gases obtained by the anaerobic digestion of animal-based organic waste materials. Biogas is typically made up of methane (50-70%) carbon dioxide (30-40%) and other gases. The plastics digesters were labeled A, B and C. Each digester contains equal volumes of the slurry. Equal volumes of slurry (750 g manure, 20cm 3 water) in the digesters were subjected to anaerobic digestion over a fourweek retention period and weekly measurements of gas. The biogas was collected by the water displacement method. Flask A was kept at room temperature (25 0 C) and gas was collected over water. The flask B was also collected over lime water at ambient temperature. The digester B had the highest gas yield (16.30 cm 3 ). Gas production increased with increase in retention time. Week 4 had the highest percentage gas (63.75%) for the B digester. For the A digester, week 3 had the highest percentage gas yields of (42.08%) respectively. The content of the C digester which was exposed to the sun dried up and no gas was produced. In digesters A and B gas yield increased as retention time increased.


INTRODUCTION: Depression is a mood disorder which is characterized by hopelessness towards life , lack of interest in daily activities, pessimism and sense of inadequacy. According to estimation of World Health Organization (WHO), more than 4 percent of the world's population deals with depression, and women, youth and the elderly are the most prone to its disabling effects. Numerous vitamin D receptors have been situated in various parts of the brain like the neuroglia, prefrontal cortex, substantia nigra. Vitamin D plays an important role in the transcriptional activation of serotonin (an important neurotransmitter), which influences various brain functions including mood, sleep, appetite. As a unique neurosteroid hormone, vitamin D seems to play an important role in the improvement of depression. Thus, insufficient vitamin D may invariably result in depression. Also, it has been shown in several studies that patients with depression can have low vitamin D levels. OBJECTIVES: The study was taken up to measure the levels of vitamin D in depression patients and to find out any correlation between vitamin D and depression. METHODOLOGY: 50 diagnosed cases of depression and 50 age and gender matched controls were studied over a period of 2 years in IMS & SUM Hospital, psychiatry OPD. Biochemical parameters were assayed in the Central laboratory of Department of Biochemistry. RESULTS: Serum Vitamin D was found to be statistically significantly higher in the control group i.e they have higher vitamin D levels than case group (p=0.033). CONCLUSION: In this study it was found that depression disorder shows a negative correlation with serum vitamin D level, indicating the intricate mechanism of vitamin D deficiency and depression.


At its 2002 annual meeting, the American College of Toxicology hosted in its series of issue sessions a symposium entitled "The Great Debate: Are Dietary Supplements Adequately Regulated to Enhance the Safety of Consumers." There were five participants in the debate, of whom three (the moderator and one advocate from either side) contributed papers. This article, reflecting the author's talk as the moderator, presents the applicable regulations, an overview, and history of the marketplaces and the range of perceived consumer safety problems.


In this paper, we propose a novel framework to reconstruct image of a buried object from the ground-penetrating radar (GPR) reflection hyperbolas. The first reflection hyperbola of a buried object determines its relative permittivity and shape class (circle, rectangle, and triangle). The first two reflections are used to reconstruct image of a homogeneous buried object. After five preprocessing steps to extract region of interest of b-scan corresponding to a buried object, a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) estimates the relative permittivity value of the buried object. Then, two novel schemes, including CNN and Dictionary Learning (DL) methods are proposed to reconstruct 2D image of the buried object. Image reconstructors are trained with a dataset containing buried objects with different shapes, sizes, and reference relative permittivity. Since two objects having the same size but different materials lead to different hyperbola reflections in their B-scans, we propose a novel transformation to convert the reflection scans from the estimated relative permittivity to a reference relative permittivity so that the image reconstructors can be used to rebuild images. The results reveal that the DL method outperforms the CNN method on noisy measurements, while the CNN method performs better when dealing with fewer traces.


cated. These two steps do not deal with a passenger who is inebriated before boarding the aircraft. Occasionally, an airline agent has denied boarding to a passenger who is obviously drunk. This action could also substantially reduce air rage. The article by Facey examines the work experiences of visible minority taxi drivers and the threats to their health and safety. Although the sample size is small, the findings contribute to our understanding of the occupational health and safety issues of people in similar forms of work. As the population of Toronto continues to be more multi-cultural with visible minorities projected to top the 50% mark, more immigrants are likely to become taxi drivers. Now immigrants who are awaiting their opportunities to practice their skills often take up taxi driving as a temporary occupation. They find themselves in a situation of tenuous employment, economic uncertainty and poor working conditions. This positions them to be in certain situations where the risk for violence increases. The introduction of locking doors, cameras and yellow lights are examples of safety measures that provide protection to taxi drivers in situations where they may be at increased risk of violence. Road rage, air rage and some of the threats of violence experienced by taxi drivers can be usefully addressed by an injury prevention/public health approach. The articles in this issue of the CJPH set the stage for more socio-behavioural research to inform prevention initiatives.


Despite the enormous health and nutritional benefits that could be derived from the consumption of fruits, studies have shown that most adolescents and adults do not consume fruits as per the recommended daily intake. This study aimed at identifying the factors that hamper the consumption of fruits among university students. Four hundred and fifty -six (n = 456) out of a total population of nine thousand (N = 9000) undergraduate students were considered for the study . A pre -tested structured questionnaire was used to solicit answers to questions on: fruit intake and preferences, perception on fruit consumption, fruit availability, and factors that hamper students' fruit intake. Descriptive statistical techniques (frequency counts, percentage, mean and standard deviations) as well as inferential tools (one -sample T -test, Pearson product -moment correlation, Chi -square one variable test, and Binomial test) were used in the data analysis , and statistical significance determined at the 5% level (P≤0.05). Major findings from the study were that, students (65%), against expectation, do not eat the recommended serving of fruits in a day (P<0.05), whereas approximately 6% (P<0.05) do not eat fruits at all, although their perception on the con sumption of fruits was good (P<0.05) . Out of nine fruit types , that were readily available on the market for the subjects, pear ( Pyrus communis ) was the most preferred by students ( x ̄ = 3 .37, P<0.05); whereas orange ( Citrus sinensis ) was the least preferred ( x ̄ = 2.31, P<0.05). A weak positive correlation, which was statistically significant ( r = 0.13, P<0.05), was observed for students' fruit and fruit - fibre intake with respect to tang erine ( Citrus reticulata ). Also, a weak negative relationship, which was statistically significant ( r = -0.14, P<0.05), was observed for the intake of oranges ( Citrus sinensis ) and its fibrous part. Variables such as taste, time -wasting , religious belief , knowledge, ill- health, and proximity did not significantly (P>0.05) influence the intake of fruits by the respondents ( x ̄ <2.50, P>0.05). Price scores ( x ̄ = 3.21) as well as satiety scores ( x ̄ = 3.32) were the significant variable s found to hinder students' fruit intake (P<0.05). Strategies to increase intake of fruits , should give more attention to the price and satiety variables .


While high-density turbidity current and sandy debris flow are two significant geological agents in deep-water environment,a dispute always exists in how to distinguish between the two kinds of fluids and their deposits. By discussing the relationship between the fluids,it is of help to clarifying deep-water sedimentary process,to properly distinguishing between their deposits and to predicting reservoir. On the basis of reviewing concept,characteristics and concrete examples,fluid properties and sedimentary characteristics are compared.Combined with triggering mechanism,forming process and influencing factors,the relationship between highdensity turbidity and sandy debris flow is discussed from the two aspects of basic theory and practical application.High-density turbidity current deposits can be divided into bottom part,middle part and upper part vertically,in coarsing upwards then fining. Abundant in sand,sandy debris flow deposits are characterized by massive bedding and can be formed by vertically superimposed massive sandstones. Triggering mechanisms of debris flow are various. Besides,in comparison with moderate to weak viscous ones,strong viscous debris flow is not likely to convert in turbidity. In the use of terms,high-density turbity is more suitable. If fluid conversion occurs in debries flow,so does high-density turbidity current deposits. If it does not happen and source is rich in sand,sandy debris flow deposits can be formed. Sandy debris flow can be used to explain abrupt contact between massive sandstone and overlying muddy sediments,while high-density turbidity current can explain gradual contact.


Cannabidiol (CBD) is a critical compound in Cannabis sativa L., having pharmacological effects in treating chronic diseases. To enrich detection methods for Cannabis sativa L and related components, we developed an electrochemical sensor to detect CBD. In this research, graphene-UiO-66 composites (Gr-UiO-66) were modified on the screen-printed electrode (SPE) together with magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer (mag-MIP), resulting in a modified sensor marked as mag-MIP/Gr-UiO-66/SPE. The prepared Gr-UiO-66 and mag-MIP were characterized by electron microscope, energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) to confirm the morphology and structure. The fabrication conditions and analytical parameters concerning the composition of modifiers, sequence, concentration, pH, and scan rate were investigated. Under the optimized conditions, the mag-MIP/Gr-UiO-66/SPE exhibited an enhanced electrochemical signal than that in bare electrode, the linear detection from 5 μmol L -1 to 100 μmol L -1 (r 2 = 0.997), and practicability in real samples. Based on these findings, the utilization of Gr, MOFs, and MIP showed advantages in the fabrication of electrochemical sensors. The proposed mag-MIP/Gr-UiO-66/SPE had the potential to detect natural active compounds in foods, pharmaceutical, cosmetic and health care industries.


The ratio of the amplitude of the H wave to that of the M wave has been used as a measure of spasticity (Angel & Hofmann 1963) but Matthews (1966) has found it of little value in assessing the value of drugs such as diazepam. Of possibly greater interest is the recovery cycle of the H reflex when it is elicited with paired stimuli. The H response to the second stimulus is in general more readily evoked in states of spasticity and in Parkinsonian rigidity (Magladery et al. 1952, Olsen & Diamantopoulos 1967). Two problems make this a difficult technique to apply to the assessment of drug action; first, the response is variable so that the most rigorous attention to technique is necessary; secondly, the H reflex, which is the electrical representation of the anklejerk, is subserved by a two-neurone arc so that its validity in assessing the action of drugs which act on polysynaptic pathways is uncertain.


The paper proposes a geographic flooding algorithm, maximum distance broadcasting, for a location sinking system within the local mobile ad hoc network (MANET) during parachutists' airdropping and on-ground assembling procedure. A time division and geographic routing (TD-GR) protocol for this MANET application is presented. Simulations are conducted to verify the feasibility of maximum distance broadcasting and TD-GR protocol.


PURPOSE: A method and an apparatus for reconstructing a 3 dimension model are provided to improve the accuracy of model by efficiently compensating damageable outer information by judging the inclusion of an object region based on the center of a voxel cube. CONSTITUTION: A three-dimensional voxel space definition unit(102) defines a three-dimensional voxel space based on the color texture information of an object and the silhouette information of a multi-viewpoint image. A visual hull model generator(104) projects the center of the defined voxel space onto the inputted silhouette image. A mesh model converter(200) calculates a triangular mesh structure of the three-dimensional voxel model for rendering, and a viewpoint-subordinate texture mapping unit(300) performs texture mapping dependent on the variation of a view point for the converted mesh model.


In this work it is presented the modeling and the simulation of the dynamics of an elastic rod, taking into account the kinematic constraint arising from the Classical Continuum Mechanics. The simulation involves shock waves that consists of contact shocks when the kinematic constraint does not need to be imposed.


The study aims to identify the degree of author collaboration among scholars in digital literacy articles published from 1997-2013. The 661 digital literacy articles were gathered and indexed by Web of Science. The study found that the degree of author collaboration was 0.62 or 62%, indicating that more than a half of 661 articles were multi-authored papers. In addition, America Continents have proportionally contributed in discussing about digital literacy topic. It was then followed by European countries, Australia/Oceania, Asia, and Africa respectively. The study also figured out that Eszter Hargittai was the most prolific author who has published 8 articles in different journals on this particular topic.


"Five Zhi" is the heart concept of the People's Parents of The Bamboo Book of Chu in Warring StatesⅡ in Shanghai Museum. It has important differences from the express of "Five Zhi" in Book of Rites ? Confucius Seclusion and Confucius Ceremony in the words. "Five Zhi" of bamboo book include Wuzhi,Zhizhi,Lizhi,Lezhi and Aizhi; "Five Zhi" in documents handed down include Zhizhi,Shizhi,Lizhi,Lezhi and Aizhi. Therefore,some scholars believe that the reason is not sufficient which "Five Zhi" of bamboo book has Tuowen. "Wuzhi and Zhizhi" of the Bamboo book is better to meet theme of the People's Parents than "Zhizhi and Shizhi" of documents handed down.


Aiming at the problem of intelligent path guidance in the parking lot, an improved Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm(PSO) is proposed in this paper to find the optimal path. In order to overcome the shortcomings that standard PSO traps into local optima easily and improve the convergence speed of algorithm, the concept of GA and Multi-thread Technology are introduced. The experiment results show that the proposed parallel hybrid PSO algorithm(PHPSO) is relatively steady with faster convergent rate. Especially for multi-nodes, the efficiency is improved obviously. So the proposed PHPSO is well suited for large parking lot.


Abstract:  The prevalence of diabetes is increasing worldwide. Insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus are major predictors of cardiovascular ischaemic disease. Other risk factors for cardiovascular death including hypertension, dyslipidaemia, smoking and visceral obesity are especially lethal in diabetics. C‐reactive protein, plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1, matrix metalloproteinases and other emerging risk factors and their roles are continually being researched and discovered.


T and axisymmetric finite element structures are commonly composed of quadrilateral elements. A widely used scheme is to divide each quadrilateral into four constant-strain triangles and "reduce out" the internal node, this process being accomplished automatically." When displacements of the four nodes of an element have been found, strains in the element are calculated by the following steps: 1) the stiffness matrix of each triangle is again formed; axisymmetric elements require numerical integration or use of complicated expressions/ 2) displacements of the internal node are calculated, 3) strains in each element are calculated, the average of the four being the desired result. The present Note shows that these lengthy calculations can be replaced by a much shorter analysis. Table 1 Strains in sample elements of Fig. 1; first entry, average of four subelements; second entry, least squares


The above description relates to an exercise assisting device and its control method. According to one embodiment, the exercise assisting apparatus, the first fixing member which is fixed to a portion of the target object; A second fixing member which is fixed to the other part of the target object; A drive source provided in the first fixing member; A power transmission member connected between the driving source and the second holding member; It said first fixing member or the second sensing unit for sensing a stationary state of the fixing member; And on the basis of information transmitted from the sensing unit may include a control unit for controlling the drive source.


This article illustrates the experiences of an Australian subsidiary which implemented a quality programme developed by its European parent company. It discusses the strengths and weaknesses of a low-profile approach to quality improvement, as compared to highly visible programmes. Employees at various levels in the organization describe why their attitudes to quality and the company have changed since the implementation of the quality programme.


Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic disease with a complex pathology that may lead to several cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases; however, further research is necessary to fully elucidate its pathogenesis. The main risk factors for AS include lipid metabolism disorders, endothelial cell injury, inflammation and immune dysfunction, among which vascular endothelial cell damage is considered as the main trigger for AS occurrence and development. Endothelial cell damage leads to enhanced intimal permeability and leukocyte adhesion, promoting thrombus formation and accelerating disease progression. The function of endothelial cells is affected by glycolysis regulation, since 80% of ATP in these cells is produced via this pathway. Genes associated with AS and endothelial cell glycolysis, including AKT1, interleukin-6, vascular endothelial growth factor A, TP53, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, SRC and mitogen-activated protein kinase 1, were screened. Through integrated analysis, these genes were found to play a key role in AS by regulating multiple signaling pathways associated with cell signal transduction, energy metabolism, immune function and thrombosis. In conclusion, endothelial cell injury in AS may be alleviated by glycolysis and is a potential clinical treatment strategy for AS.


We demonstrate field trial CPRI3 error-free transmission over field fibre at 2.5 Gbit/s with DWDM self-seeded RSOAs in the O-band. The use of FEC in transponders enables to achieve 30 dB optical budget and up to 70 km reach.


From the cultural aesthetic angle,the article analyzes the cultural values of American cowboys such as pursuing independence,publicizing the individual character,pioneering and keeping forging ahead,taking risks,being brave and honest,doing charitable work,being optimistic,and bearing hardships,which are the reasons of its permanent glamour and why Americans and people all over the world have been deeply attracted for over 100 years.


Aging is a process often associated with various age-related diseases. Senescence is one of the hallmarks of aging, and senescent cells acquire a complex, often pro-in fl ammatory, secretory phenotype termed the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Here, we show that ocular surface cells from human cornea become senescent upon X-irradiation, characterized by increased senescence-associated β -galactosidase activity, decreased cell proliferation, increased expression of p16, and disruption of epithelial barrier. Comprehensive transcriptomic and proteomic analysis revealed that human senescent ocular cells (SOCs) acquire an SASP that disrupts epithelial barrier function. During aging in mice, SOCs accumulate, resulting in decreased epithelial barrier and chronic in fl ammation. Lacrimal gland excision, which leads to symptoms of dry eye (DE), resulted in corneal opacity associated with severe angiogenesis only in aged mice but not in young mice, and early senolytic treatment protected old DE mice from corneal opacity. In conclusion, senescent cells alter the ocular microenvironment through their SASP and eliminating these cells could represent a potential approach to alleviate symptoms associated with aged ocular surface.


With the development of barcode applied fields, the data capacity expressed by barcode is required to increase. Both enlarging the barcode size and enhancing the barcode density have some limits. We design a 2D color based on 2D barcode. This barcode is added color, and the encoded method for Chinese character is applied according to the usage frequency. Comparing with other 2D barcode, the 2D color barcode proposed in this paper has high compression ratio for Chinese character, and alpha-numeric data.


The data presented in this paper are a continuation of a study of geographic variation of adaptations in Rana pipiens Schreber and of hybrids arising from interpopulation crosses. The eggs and jelly mass of Costa Rica pipiens are described. They are of the northern, cold-adapted type. Hybrids resulting from the cross Vermont [female] x Colorado [male] are normal. Hybrids resulting from the cross Vermont [female] x Costa Rica [male] have minor defects. This result is discussed in light of the previous cases of defective hybrids arising from crosses of northern and southern pipiens.


In this paper,a cumulative sum control chart based on logarithm variance is present,which is designed with the variable sampling intervals.And then,the Markov chain's method is used to count the average alarm time to signal.After that,we can compare the variable sampling intervals' control charts with the fixed sampling intervals',furthermore, analyze the results when the parameters datum are different.


This report contains the research results concerning advanced ultrasound for the inspection of copper canisters for spent nuclear fuel obtained at Signals and Systems, Uppsala University in years 2005/2006. In the first part of the report we propose a concept of monitoring of the friction stir welding (FSW) process by means of acoustic emission (AE) technique. First, we introduce the AE technique and then we present the principle of the system for monitoring the FSW process in cylindrical symmetry specific for the SKB canisters. We propose an omnidirectional circular array of ultrasonic transducers for receiving the AE signals generated by the FSW tool and the releases of the residual stress at canister's circumference. Finally, we review the theory of uniform circular arrays. The second part of the report is concerned with synthetic aperture focusing technique (SAFT) characterized by enhanced spatial resolution. We evaluate three different approaches to perform imaging with less computational cost than that of the extended SAFT (ESAFT) method proposed in our previous reports. First, a sparse version of ESAFT is presented, which solves the reconstruction problem only for a small set of the most probable scatterers in the image. A frequency domain the ω-k SAFT algorithm, which relies on the far-field approximation is presented in the second part. Finally, a detailed analysis of the most computationally intense step in the ESAFT and the sparse 2D deconvolution is presented. In the final part of the report we introduce basics of the 3D ultrasonic imaging that has a great potential in the inspection of the FSW welds. We discuss in some detail the three interrelated steps involved in the 3D ultrasonic imaging: data acquisition, 3D reconstruction, and 3D visualization.


The development of the national economy and the increase of domestic enterprises competitiveness are associated with the transition to an innovative model of economic development. We proposed the structure of organizational and economic mechanism, which distinctive characteristic is the composition of the interaction process of subjects and objects of management. As subjects of management in mechanism we singled out three subsystems: functional, process and administrative which are the bases of innovative development. As a result of the research it is found that the process of innovative development management should be considered as a set of subprocesses series, reflecting the combination of the main stages of the innovation life cycle. We proposed scientific and methodical approach to evaluate the effectiveness of entities innovative development management, which allows us to assess their level of innovation and generate proposals for adjusting innovation strategy.


This paper we present the design and analysis of 1Kb Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) at 180nm technology and main focusing on optimizing power consumption and delay factors are improved by varying the size of transistor used in Sense Amplifier. The present 1kb SRAM can be divided into main three block sense amplifier, basic cell and precharged circuit. Present 1kb SRAM design input decoupled sense amplifier. Presented Sense amplifier CMOS schematic is design tanner EDA S-edit, Simulate T-spice and 0.18μm technology.


This text focuses on the multidisciplinary subject of human-computer interaction, and how it impacts areas such as IT, computer science, psychology, library science, education, business and management, human factors, industrial engineering and ergonomics.


Data integration is currently an essential service for bioinformatics researchers and developers. The ability to import, transform and export data from multiple resources is also a common feature for miscellaneous platforms, ranging from complex application suites to simple standalone command-line tools. Despite the quality behind available solutions, data and services' evolution keeps pushing integration demands forward, to cope, for instance, with dynamic data sources and cloud-based technologies. In this work we introduce a cloud-based framework to streamline the integration of services and data in bioinformatics. Our goal is to facilitate the creation of next-generation bioinformatics applications that rely heavily on automated, real-time, integration and interoperability tasks.


The BESIII Experiment at the Beijing Electron Positron Collider has accumulated the world's largest samples of e+e− collisions in the tau-charm region. Many results in the light meson decays have been produced at BESIII based on large data sample of J/ψ. Recent results, including the observations of η(1405) → f0(980)π0, Y(2175) in J/ψ → ηφπ+ π− decays and the hadronic and radiative decays of η/η′ will be presented.


Formononetin is a common soy isoflavonoid that can be found abundantly in
many natural plants. Previous studies have shown that formononetin possesses a variety of activities
which can be applied for various medicinal purposes. Certified Reference Materials (CRMs) play a
fundamental role in the food, traditional medicine and dietary supplement fields, and can be used for
method validation, uncertainty estimation, as well as quality control.

The purity of formononetin was determined by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC),
Coulometric Titration (CT) and Mass Balance (MB) methods.

This paper reports the sample preparation methodology, homogeneity and stability studies,
value assignment, and uncertainty estimation of a new certified reference material of formononetin.
DSC, CT and MB methods proved to be sufficiently reliable and accurate for the certification purpose.
The purity of the formononetin CRM was therefore found to be 99.40% ± 0.24 % (k = 2) based on the
combined value assignments and the expanded uncertainty.

 This CRM will be a reliable standard for the validation of the analytical methods and for
quality assurance/quality control of formononetin and formononetin-related traditional herbs, food
products, dietary supplements and pharmaceutical formulations.


Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is among the deadliest diseases and a significant cause of illness across the globe. Several studies on mycobacterial proteins, such as proteases and transporters that are essential for survival and pathogenesis have aimed to develop an efficient anti-tubercular agent. In mycobacterium, lysine exporter (LysE) is an amino acid transporter and a probable target for an anti-tubercular agent as it is responsible for bacterial growth inhibition and is also absent in the widely used Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine. Methods: Some studies have purified LysE using different protocols. This study describes a protocol for purifying different constructs of LysE, focusing on its hydrophobic region using immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) after expressing LysE gene in a bacterial expression system. pET vector (pET28a) is used as an expression vector. Amplied LysE gene is ligated with the pET28a vector, and the resultant plasmid is then transformed into E. coli cells. The vector has a histidine tag that makes the purification process convenient. After IMAC, the samples will be subjected to size-exclusion chromatography for further purification. Results: Cloning and amplification findings will be analyzed using 1% agarose gel, and protein expression and purification outcomes will be examined using sodium dodecyl-sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Domain-specific constructs of LysE can be further analyzed as an anti-tubercular agent. Conclusions: Despite being a potential anti-tubercular target, research is quite limited on this protein. Therefore, we aim to purify LysE protein for further analysis. Similar protocols have already been implemented to purify several other bacterial proteins with >95% purity.


In this paper, the Bagley-Torvik equation is constructed. A model approach based on non-polynomial numerical methods spline interpolation is developed to solve some problems. W e show that the approximate solutions of such problems obtai ned by the numerical algorithm developed using non-polynomial splin e interpolation functions are better than those produced by other numerical methods. The aim of this paper is to compare the performance o f the non-polynomial spline method with polynomial spline m thod. For this purpose, the algorithm is tested on two examples to i llustrate the practical usefulness of the approach.


Angola's long war finally came to an end on 4 April 2002 with the signature of a memorandum of understanding between the Forcas Armadas Angolanas (FAA – the Angolan military) and the União Nacional para a Independência Total de Angola (UNITA). This historic agreement was greatly facilitated by INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS PROTECTION IN SITUATIONS OF CONFLICT AND POST-CONFLICT A case study of Angola1


The healthy family program is a priority program of the ministry of health which in principle refers to the 5th nawacita program. In line with this program, the Lampung provincial government has launched development in the health sector in all cities or districts by allocating 11.52% of the special budget for the health sector. This is inseparable from the condition of health development, especially the city of Bandar Lampung, where the infant mortality rate, under-five mortality rate and maternal mortality rate are decreasing. One of the conditions of health development is the health service posts. Health service posts have limited medical personnel and health post data searches still use conventional models so that the results obtained are not optimal. Based on these descriptions, the authors propose to design a software engineering system in the field of medical health in the form of a toddler growth monitoring system with the concept of the Chi-Square or X2 feature selection algorithm. The results of this study are able to provide a web-based monitoring system model that can be accessed anywhere and anytime, able to provide a system model that can directly monitor the condition of toddler health growth and is able to provide a system model that can be used by health workers, both medical and midwives to monitor village health post points.


ABSTRACT Jean-Martin Charcot, the founder of modern neurology and leading figure in international neurology in the 19 th century, died on August 16, 1893, in the province of Morvan in the French countryside, at the age of 67. The funeral service was held in Paris at the La Salpêtrière Hospital, and Charcot was buried in Montmartre cemetery in the same city.


Mass atrocities are—unfortunately—a persistent tragedy in world politics. How to halt them and save human lives has been a pressing issue of scholarship and policy for a long time.1 The book under review sheds light on one such contemporary tragedy, namely lack of civilian protection in the ongoing Syrian War (2011 -) with particular reference to mass atrocities, enforced disappearance, and arbitrary detentions. A humanitarian catastrophe of epic proportions, the Syrian War features immense intensity of fighting and levels of brutality against civilians, who have been—continuously—targets of both state and non-state violence. Since the inception of this war, more than half a million Syrians have been killed, more than 5 million have fled the country, and more than 6 million others have been internally displaced. Millions more Syrians have been injured and have suffered violations at the hands of multiple fighting parties in this war. The surviving Syrians have experienced a catalogue of horrors (in addition to those mentioned above)—such as sieges, starvation, torture, the use of chemical weapons, and other grave offences to human dignity—which have occurred on a widespread and systematic basis.2 As this tragedy has unfolded the world has watched on and done little to help the needy. What counts for this shocking failure in an institutional sense, and can there be responses to this human tragedy in ways that make a positive difference? This is the main consideration of the book under review. Jeremy Sarkin is not oblivious of the UN responses being offered with the view of halting the Syrian War. He pays detailed attention to institutional responses at various levels, from the UN Security Council to the UN General Assembly, to the Human Rights Council, to the High Commissioner for Human Rights, to the Geneva talks, to the Astana process.3 His findings are grim. Although steps have been taken to end this war, they have been completely inadequate. Both architecturally and methodologically, the UN has been ineffective in all respects, with dire consequences for hundreds of thousands of lives lost and millions of Syrians suffering at home or being uprooted abroad. This dark failure stands in stark contrast to the rhetoric of Responsibility to Protect (R2P) which has penetrated scholarly and policy discourses since 2005, when the principle of R2P was adopted by the UN General Assem-


Leading developed countries have studied energy self-sufficient houses such as zero or low energy buildings to reduce energy consumption for buildings since the early 1990s. Moreover, some developed countries have actually constructed self-sufficient houses and operated them for demonstration, expanding use of such houses. Korea has also established Zero Energy Solar House(ZeSH) and studied energy independence. Therefore, this study analyzed research result regarding ZeSH, self-sufficient energy house hold of Korea, found out technologies used for heating energy independence, used building interpretation program(ESP_r) to evaluate performance of each factors and analyzed energy reduction quantitatively. Results from the research are as follows: Reduction rate of actual detached house's heating load was also analyzed quantitatively depending on application of each technology. When each factor was applied step-by-step, annual reduction rate of heating load depending on increase in insulation thickness reached 6.6~22.2 %. Annual reduction rate of heating load depending on increase insulation thickness, and change in window heating performance and area ratio reached 31.5 %. Annual reduction rate of heating load through high-sealing and high-insulation depending on change in leakage rate reached 40.0~88.9 %. Annual reduction of heating load, when Mass Wall and attached sun space was applied were applied reached 28.5~39.2 %, respectively.


Among the research work carried out at Toronto during the past year was a special study of various peptones and their effect on the rate of growth and number of bacteria developing. These studies are incomplete. In addition, work was undertaken on the isolation of the colon group in water using three primary mediums consisting of standard lactose broth, brilliant green bile broth (2 per cent bile and 1:75,000 brilliant green) and Dominick-Lauter broth. The samples examined were an equal number of raw, unchlorinated filtered and chlorinated city water. All tubes were incubated for 48 hours and positive fermenters examined at the end of 24 and 48 hours. The presumptive tubes were examined according to standard methods, and in addition all positive lactose broth and DominickLauter broth tubes were planted direct to brilliant green bile broth, while positive brilliant green bile broth tubes were planted direct into lactose broth. The results include several features of general interest. It is not the purpose of this brief article to comment on the value or merits of brilliant green bile browth as a primary or confirmatory medium. The work of Mr. H. E. Jordan and associates, and more recently the researches carried out in the State of Ohio, leave no doubt as to its value. It is, however, suggested that increased attention be given to the use of brilliant green bile broth as a confirmatory medium. In 1925, the writer in collaboration with R. E. Thompson carried out an exhaustive study at Toronto along these lines with very encouraging results. The results of more recent work is presented here to-day. Only part of the results have been tabulated in this report. The figures are somewhat complicated and a careful study is suggested


Abstract The relationships between lipophilicity of N-phenylamides of benzylacetic acid derivatives and their biological activity were investigated. Experimental RM and k′ values for systems of the type water + methanol-octadecyl silica were determined by HPTLC and HPLC, respectively. The equations describing the activity relationships confirm the importance of hydrophobic character of the compounds in determining their pharmacological properties.


Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of TGP combined with glycyrrhizinfor treating with subacute eczema.Methods The patients with subacute eczema from February 2009 to August 2011 in our hospital were divided into three groups according to the order of treatment,and 70 cases of each group.Group A was given glycyrrhizin intravenous injection for symptomatic treatment,group B was treated with TGP capsules and group C was treated with TGP combined with glycyrrhizin.All of the patients were treated for 1 month,the main symptom changes,serum LgE quantitative,eosinophil count were compared in the three groups.Results After the treatment,the clinical symptom scores,serum IgE and eosinophil counts in the group C were significantly lower than group A and group B (P 0.05).Conclusion TGP combined with glycyrrhizin can relieve symptoms of subacute eczema,improve the clinical efficacy,it has few side effects,and should be widely applied in clinical.


This article attempts to model the monthly number of dengue fever (DF) cases in Dhaka, Bangladesh, and forecast the dengue incidence using time series analysis. Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA) models have been developed on the monthly data collected from January 2000 to October 2007 and validated using the data from September 2006 to October 2007. The results showed that the predicted values were consistent with the upturns and downturns of the observed series. The SARIMA (1,0,0)(1,1,1) 12 model has been found as the most suitable model with least Normalized Bayesian Information Criteria (BIC) of 11.918 and Mean Absolute Percent Error (MAPE) of 595.346. The model was further validated by Ljung-Box test (Q18=15.266 and p>.10) with no significant autocorrelation between residuals at different lag times. Finally, a forecast for the period November 2007 to December 2008 was made, which showed a pick in the incidence of DF during July 2008, with estimated cases as 689.


The effects of embryo age,drilling point and the size of the hole on eggshells on in vitro culture of chicken embryos in primary eggshells were studied.The results show that hatching rate of the egg with the hole at the side of acute end (80.0 %) is better (P0.01) than that at the top of acute end ((60.0 %));that hatching rates of eggs with the drilling holes in diameters of 0.5,1.0 and 1.5 cm were (80.0 %),30.0 % and 16.7 % respectively;and that hatching rates of chicken embryos of 3 days ((80.0 %)) is better (P0.01) than that of chicken embryos of 0 day.


The faithfulness of abstractive text summarization at the named entities level is the focus of this study. We propose to add a new criterion to the summary selection method based on the "risk" of generating entities that do not belong to the source document. This method is based on the assumption that Out-Of-Document entities are more likely to be hallucinations. This assumption was verified by a manual annotation of the entities occurring in a set of generated summaries on the CNN/DM corpus. This study showed that only 29% of the entities outside the source document were inferrable by the annotators, leading to 71% of hallucinations among OOD entities. We test our selection method on the CNN/DM corpus and show that it significantly reduces the hallucination risk on named entities while maintaining competitive results with respect to automatic evaluation metrics like ROUGE.


In this paper we present and develop a set of algorithms, mostly based on morphological operators, for automatic colonic polyp detection applied to computed tomography (CT) scans. Initially noisy images are enhanced using Morphological Image Cleaning (MIC) algorithm. Then the colon wall is segmented using region growing followed by a morphological grassfire operation. In order to detect polyp candidates we present a new Automatic Morphological Polyp Detection (AMPD) algorithm. Candidate features are classified as polyps and non-polyps performing a novel Template Matching Algorithm (TMA) which is based on Euclidean distance searching. The whole technique achieved 100% sensitivity for detection of polyps larger than 10 mm and 81.82% sensitivity for polyps between 5 to 10 mm and expressed relatively low sensitivity (66.67%) for polyps smaller than 5 mm. The experimental data indicates that our polyp detection technique shows 71.73% sensitivity which has about 10 percent improvement after adding the noise reduction algorithm. * Corresponding author.


Scedosporium apiospermum is a ubiquitous filamentous fungus that may infect immunocompetent patients after trauma and may cause severe and often fatal infections in immunocompromised hosts. Here, we present the case of a 28‐year‐old female with S. apiospermum infection on the left forearm that had developed while she was on long‐term immunosuppressant therapy. Analysis of a skin biopsy specimen showed a mixed cell granuloma with hyaline septate hyphae. Culture of the abscess revealed S. apiospermum which was identified as S. apiospermum sensu stricto by sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer‐1 region of ribosomal DNA genes. Resection of the eruption and oral itraconazole (100 mg day−1) therapy for 4 months was effective in curing the infection.


Nitrogen has four binary fluorides: nitrogen trifluoride, tetrafluorohydrazine, difluorodiazine, and fluorine azide. There are numerous other nitrogen fluorine compounds, the most significant of which are the perfluoroammonium salts based on the NF+4 cation. Of all the nitrogen fluorine compounds, only NF3 has been of commercial importance. Nitrogen trifluoride is used as an etchant gas in the electronic industry and as a fluorine source in high power chemical lasers.


This essay is a detailed synthesis and discussion of the history and development of Amazonian food procurement and agricultural production since human inhabitation began around 11,000 BP. It evaluates the various theoretical frameworks informing the evolution and historical development of agriculture agains the exiting archaeological data, using as well ethngraphic analogy. This volume and chapter have recieved numerous positive reviews in various professional journals.


Long Term Evolution (LTE) is a promising technology to be used for Mission-Critical Networks (MCNs); emulating such technology is important to test different scenarios before real deployment. However, using the Network Simulator (NS-3) to simulate large-scale LTE networks has proven to be very time consuming. Hence, there is a need to speed up such simulations in order to facilitate real-time emulation and interaction of large-scale LTE networks with external systems. In this paper, we propose a new approach to enable the emulation of large-scale LTE networks by employing distributed topologies along with the Message Passing Interface (MPI) protocol. The proposed approach is integrated with the Common Open Research Emulator (CORE) to enable exchange of real-time traffic between the simulated LTE network and Hardware-In-the Loop (HIL). Performance studies were carried out to evaluate the scaling performance of emulated LTE networks in real time. The results show that distributed implementation succeeds in running scenarios within the wall-clock time.


Reflecting power of multilayer-coated mirrors were investigated in the ultrasoft X-ray range under variable angles of incidence on samples prepared by two kinds of methods: magnetron sputtering and electron beam evaporation. Comparisons between experimental data and theoretical values show the high quality of the investigated multilayer X-ray mirrors.


Hydropower is not only a renewable and sustainable energy source, but also a flexible technology whose storage capacity improves grid stability and supports the deployment of other intermittent renewable energy sources, such as wind and solar power (Ardizzon, Cavazzini, and Pavesi 2014). This has recently led to a renewed commercial and technical interest in pumped-storage power plants (PSP). These plants participate in two markets: balancing the grid in the ancillary services market and profiting from arbitrage opportunities in the wholesale market. In the latter, these plants operate as a generator when price is high and as a pump when price is low. Thus, the profitability of PSP depends on the price volatility and the cycle performance (ratio between energy produced and energy consumed, 75% to 80%) (Ursat, Jacquet-Francillon, and Rafaï 2012).


THE HIGHWAY RESEARCH BOARD MET TO DISCUSS THE PROBLEMS OF 1953 WITH RELATION TO DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION, AND OPERATION OF HIGHWAYS. DISCUSSED WERE ACCOMPLISHMENTS OF THE PAST YEAR IN THE AREAS OF DESIGN, TRAFFIC AND AND OPERATIONS, MATERIALS AND CONSTRUCTION, FINANCE AND TAXATION, ADMINISTRATION, AND ROAD TESTS.


Organizations are facing more challenges than they ever did due to the rapid, dynamic growth of e-business which has lead companies to seek greater opportunities to run HR operations more effectively by implementing technology in the Human Resource department. Nowadays top leaders fully realize the power of information technology (IT) tools for reaching business targets. Therefore the purpose of this paper is to evaluate the present and emerging concepts of the Electronic Human Resource Management in the Lebanese organizations and study how it shapes employees values, perceptions, and behavior. The aim of this paper is to examine the successful factors that influence the effectiveness of human resource (HR) dashboards and the antecedents which motivate employees to use them, and to see the impact and outcomes that technology has on the level of employee's motivation. A survey was carried out; many techniques were used to examine the impact of implementing technology on employee's motivation, such as the descriptive statistics, hypothesis t-test, Pearson correlation and factor analysis. The paper results suggested a strong influence of perceived ease of use of electronic human resource management on the employee's attitudes of using E-HRM. The paper revealed that perceived ease of use is more important than perceived usefulness; it is the main predictor of the attitude towards implementing electronic human resource management. We have examined research done on executive information systems (EIS) and have developed models of the factors which lead to HR electronic use and success. The following paper gives a brief overview about possibilities of IT usage in HR field for measuring and tracking human capital and using the HR information system generally in Lebanese firms focusing on motivational factors.


Residency training is an important period when a physician learns and acquires the necessary skills for searching, evaluating and applying medical knowledge. The journal club is an academic event and an important forum for this purpose. The objective of the journal club is to learn and develop a skill to find, appraise and implement practice changing advancements in the medical literature. We report our experience with stata in journal club in teaching EM residents' statistics in addition to critical appraisal skills. To understand and utilize the current literature effectively, an understanding of basic statistical methods is essential. We introduced stata while discussing the methods and results section of the article in the journal club to learn application of some common statistical tests. Published studies were selected to illustrate and provide the insight of commonly used statistical concepts. We noted that improved understanding of statistics resulted in increased interest and enthusiasm of residents to participate in journal club. Integrating a statistical software program such as stata in journal club can serve as an important tool to enhance learning. Further studies should be conducted in order to fully utilize these opportunities for enhanced learning of in-training physicians.


Recently, the fast evolution of wireless technologies has enabled the development of multi-interface mobile terminal which can support more radio interfaces. In this context, the users can enjoy various mobile applications by using different access networks at anytime and anywhere and with the best quality of service (QoS). However, the selection of the most appropriate access interface for the end-users is one of the most issue in this heterogeneous wireless networks. In order to deal with this task, we propose improved policy for network selection decision which combines the enhanced-TOPSIS method and the utility function. Firstly, the enhanced-TOPSIS method, is introduced to quantify the performance for each radio access network. Then, the utility function is applied to measure the degree of satisfaction when the mobile terminal moves out of range of the wireless access point. The simulation results illustrate that our optimal policy can achieve a significant improvement concerning the reversal phenomenon, the ping-pong effect and the number of handoffs failures.


We derive renormalization group equations for neutrino masses, leptonic mixing angles and CP-violating phases running at energies above the seesaw threshold, both in the standard model and in the minimal supersymmetric standard model extended with three right-handed neutrinos. With these equations, we carry out a systematic study of the radiative correction that may arise to neutrino parameters, via their renormalization group evolution from the electroweak scale (M{sub Z}) to the scale of grand unified theories ({lambda}{sub GUT}). We study in detail three typically interesting neutrino mass patterns: normal hierarchy, near degeneracy and inverted hierarchy. Magnitudes of possible corrections in each case are carefully investigated. We also emphasize the significance of CP-violating phases in controlling the evolution behavior of all neutrino parameters.


Objective:To observe the therapeutic efficacy of nebulized budesonide suspension plus albuterol and ipratropium bromide in childhood asthma.Methods:Eighty eight patients with asthma in the pediatric emergency department were randomly selected to receive either the concomitant inhalation of nebulized budesonide suspension,albuterol and ipratropium bromide (group A, n =46),or the combination of nebulized albuterol and ipratropium bromide(group B, n =42).The stridor and wheeze scores and peak expiratory flow(PEF)were recorded before and after treatment.Results:Compared with group B,the stridor and wheeze scores began to lower and PEF commenced to elevate in group A 90 minutes after inhalation.Conclusion:The concomitant inhalation of nebulized budesonide suspension,albuterol and ipratropium bromide for the management of acute asthma in children is able to give greater effect than does the combined treatment of nebulized albuterol and albuterol.


Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have shown great potential in converting discrete mechanical energy in the environment into electricity without producing any greenhouse gases in the process, and they have been regarded as one of the most powerful methods to achieve zero carbon emissions. It has been confirmed that the output performance is the main factor limiting the real-world applications of the TENGs. Establishing universal standards for quantity analysis TENGs' outputs and seeking advanced dielectric materials to improve the charge density are the two priorities for boosting TENG outputs. Here, the working mechanisms of TENG and the quantitative analysis of TENG output performance are introduced to reveal the relationships of Q–V–I–x (charge-voltage-current-displacement) and the energy conversion efficiencies. Selecting suitable triboelectric materials is the key to enhancing the performance of TENG. Materials used as advanced friction or dielectric layers are elaborated, including metals, inorganic non-metallic materials, polymers, and composites. Moreover, the influences of performance improvement methods, such as ionization injection, intermediate layer, surface modification, and charge-excitation strategy, are discussed accordingly. Finally, applications to achieving the goal of net zero and future challenges of TENGs are presented. This review provides strategies for guiding the further development of TENGs toward higher performances and promoting the commercialization of TENG net-zero systems.


Measurements of 1000 GeV gamma-rays from Cygnus X-3 made with the University of Durham facility at Dugway, Utah in 1981/82 are reviewed. The light curve of the 4.8 hour modulated emission is updated and shows evidence significant at the 4.4 sigma level for strong emission (9% of the cosmic ray rate) at phase 0.625 and less significant (1.4 sigma level) indications of weaker emission (3% of the cosmic ray rate) at phase 0.125. The effect constituting the excess on the few nights showing the strongest emission appears to arise from the smallest Cerenkov light signals suggesting a steep gamma-ray spectrum. The 1982 data have been searched unsuccessfully for evidence of emission at phase 0.2, in coincidence with the results from the ultra-high energy (extensive Air Showers (EAS) measurements in 1979-1982. A systematic investigation of a long term variation in the strength of the peak of the 4.8 hr modulated 1000 GeV gamma-ray emission has been made. We find that in addition to the approximately 34 d variation reported by us previously, a stronger effect exists at around 19d.


A Z-source inverter with a modified carrier based pulse width modulation technique is proposed for photovoltaic systems. In this new technique, two carrier waves and three reference waves are used to produce the switching pulses. This paper demonstrates that the Z-source inverter can boost DC voltage when needed, perform maximum tracking and minimum output distortion, and interface with photovoltaic system. The control method is analyzed to exhibit the novelty of features. The control algorithm is corroborated by simulation and experimental results. A comparison in harmonic distortion between the new and traditional pulse width modulation techniques is performed.


The present article meets the general objective: analyze the development of pedagogical innovations from the management in Escuela Nueva Laboratorio "Emma Gamboa" of University of Costa Rica and Instituto Educativo Moderno. The proposed specific objectives were: identify the arrangements that the management applies to implement pedagogical innovations; define the strategies developed by teachers in this area; and establish the follow up actions, applied from the management, in the develop of this innovations. This is a quantitative with a descriptive approach, it was executed between October and December of 2013. The subjects of investigation were the two principals and the teaching staff of both education centers. The instruments used were two questionnaires, one directed to teachers and the other one directed to the principals of both schools, structured according with the analysis categories defined. Among the principal discoveries found, it´s important to note that since the foundation of this schools they attempts the implementation of pedagogical innovations, identifying at the same time, susceptible areas of improvement in the implementation as well as in the execution and the follow up of them.


Patients with TIA and strokeareat risk ofboth recurrent stroke and myocardial infarction. Prevention should firstly address vascular risk factors: hypertension, smoking and hypercholesteraemia. For patients with CT proven cerebral infarction or transient ischaemic attacks, more specific measures are possible: antiplatelet agents (aspirin) and carotid endarterectomy; the role of anticoagulants in secondary prevention is still under investigation. CT scanning is mandatory in all stroke and TIA patients to confirm the diagnosis of cerebral ischaemia and exclude haemorrhage. Risk factor management can be applied non-selectively to all stroke and TIA patients.


This paper presents the general-purpose programming language Ellie. Ellie supports fine-grained objects and parallelism. As something particular, classes, types, blocks, and methods are all abstracted by first class objects. The main goal of Ellie has been to obtain a very flexible, machine independent, parallel programming language. Ellie tries to meet these goals by extensive usage of few selected programming language concepts combined with compile-time analysis in order to adapt programs for efficient execution on actual hardware. Ellie runs on a parallel transputer network. This paper concentrates on the generality of the language that makes it extraordinary flexible and extensible.