The present invention relates to a branch pipe is inserted into the inner structure of the header Superfine line heat exchanger, which can be adjusted according to the distribution of the refrigerant fluid dryness. The present invention provides an insertion depth of the ultrafine made different line heat exchanger manifold, characterized in that, composed of the following parts: a hollow header, the refrigerant can flow through; a plurality of refrigerant tubes, were inserted at different depths within said collector tube can distribute the refrigerant flowing in said header; between the partition, the inner tube provided in the collector pipe of the refrigerant. A heat exchanger according to the present invention the following effects: can be inserted in the flow by adjusting the depth of the manifold branch the refrigerant in accordance with uniformly drying of the fluid within the heat exchanger. Another effect of the present invention can be achieved is to maximize the efficiency of the heat exchanger.


Sun Zi Warcraft has a well-known quotation "Know the enemy and know yourself,and you can fight a hundred battles with no danger of defeat",which points the effect of military intelligence to the war very clearly.So,as the intelligence agent,every dynasty of feudal society thinks much of it.As to the Ming dynasty.The court also founded the perfectional intelligence system.This article will analyze the Agents from the member,the choice and the preferential treatment.


The article considers the peculiarities of the life cycle of wasps, their exit from the wintering grounds, nest building and trophic relations.


Beneath the umbrella of Transdimensional Pedagogy, the Kuruwi Project, in the course of its experience, has designed a space in which the materialization of children's thinking processes, creativity, contribution and innovation is given a place. This space is called the Museum of Children's Thinking, and here is where, through objects, texts and images, it is possible to see the relationships which are generated by the encounter of the multiple dimensions of human beings. In these procedures in which children, teachers, visual artists and educators intervene, the thought processes are enriched and become more powerful, developing into complex constructions and contributions, justifiable and surprising. They turn into possible responses to our world, possibilities for its transformation and co-construction, always in search of goodness, beauty and wisdom. Each of these procedures is called an "ensamble" and each "ensamble" results in a theory, an object, an artifact or an example of the fine arts, which is offered to the community for its enrichment and embellishment. The ensambles, in which the children have been authors and co-creators, are exhibited in their entirety in The Museum of Children's Thinking, each one being given a specific place, in response to the necessity to contribute with others and demonstrate the importance of creation within the framework on transdimensionality.


Energy transfer (ET) between quantum emitters is a key process for many scientific domains and technological applications, and can be influenced by strategic placement of appropriate materials in the vicinity. However, all explored conventional isotropic materials lacks directional control over this process. Here, we show that multilayered black phosphorus (bP), a novel anisotropic two-dimensional material, can simultaneously dramatically boost and directionally control ET rates in the near-field regime. We find that bP exhibits a critical thickness above which the ET rates increase by several orders of magnitude compared to vacuum. Moreover, we demonstrate that bP can manipulate the ET in specific in-plane directions due to its strong in-plane anisotropy. Our results build the framework and provide fundamental insights into the mechanisms of ET near anisotropic materials, and open up new possibilities for designing and optimizing ET-based devices, systems and applications.


In terms of systematic archeological explorations relating to Early Iron Age, upper Wainganga Valley  had  no  distinct  record  of  its  own.  Therefore,  the  present  author  intended  to  investigate  and document  the  early  Iron  Age  remains  in  this  region.  Extensive  explorations  carried  out  in  upper Wainganga valley by the researcher brought to light ten megalithic burial sites. What makes the discovery of  these megaliths  a  significant  find  is  the  fact  that  these  are  typologically  different  from  Vidarbha megaliths.  Hence,  they  together  constitute  a  specific  kind  in  the  plethora  of  megalithic  finds  from Vidarbha. This paper deals with  the detailed  investigation and documentation of each newly discovered megalithic burial as reported during the course of exploration in upper Wainganga valley.


Deviant teachings that are contrary to the recognised religions often disturb the peace and harmony of society. The aspect of aqidah (faith) is the core of religion for a Muslim. This paper explained the applicable statutory provisions of law in dealing with cases of deviant teachings in Malaysia. This paper attempted to relate instances of deviant teachings and the penalties prescribed by the Shariah Law as well as other general law. The paper also tried to provide exposure to the clauses contained in the existing legal provisions and significant forms of punishment. The methodology adopted in this paper was doctrinal in nature whereby methods of library research were resorted to in collecting data related to the statutory provisions governing deviant teachings and criminal offences relating to aqidah. Statistics showed that the number of cases for deviant teaching is increasing each year. The findings from this research showed that the current punishment and penalty are not sufficient to curb the offence committed and to create awareness among the public. This paper suggested that the relevant authorities should increase the severity of the punishment and widen the jurisdiction to control cases of deviant teaching in Malaysia. Members of the Muslim community should be given more exposure on its importance.


This paper presents a method for determining the free space in a scene as viewed by a vehicle-mounted camera. Using disparity maps from a stereo camera and known camera motion, the disparity maps are first filtered by an iconic Kalman filter, operating on each pixel individually, thereby reducing variance and increasing the density of the filtered disparity map. Then, a stochastic occupancy grid is calculated from the filtered disparity map, providing a top-down view of the scene where the uncertainty of disparity measurements are taken into account. These occupancy grids are segmented to indicate a maximum depth free of obstacles, enabling the marking of free space in the accompanying intensity image. The test shows successful marking of free space in the evaluated scenarios in addition to significant improvement in disparity map quality.


Prostatic urethroplasty with a balloon catheter is meant to be an entirely outpatient procedure and to be performed under topical anesthesia aided by mild intravenous sedation. Its morbidity has been found to be minimal, and no mortality is expected. The procedure is relatively simple in skilled hands, and few guidelines have to be followed in order to avoid dreaded complications such as incontinence from dilating the external urinary sphincter. This procedure should significantly reduce the cost of treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia with greater patient acceptance. It can be performed on almost any patient regardless of his medical condition.


The Muslim middle class is a religious group that lives in commodified Islam and is self-commodified with Islam for the benefit of life. Their presence represents two entities, the middle class is attached to material and Muslims are attached to religiosity. These two entities emphasize their existence as new religious communities. This article is an exploratory-verificative research from the results of field research on the Muslim middle class, especially in the study of religious behavior (religious performance). This article focuses on analyzing research gaps, data, theory and theorizing of research results into the scientific development of the sociology of religion. The analytical framework used is the analysis of religion as a tradition and doctrinal reception. With this analytical framework, this article finds several conclusions: The Muslim middle class has a strong dependence on halal products. There are two models of halal in products and social cognition of the Muslim middle class, namely: Islamic products and Islamicized products. Halal status is a driving factor that directs the consumption and consumption of halal products for the middle class, providing assurance of religious morals and an Islamic life. The Muslim middle class also expresses popular culture and formal/symbolic piety in public spaces. Formal piety includes: Islamic pants, beards, syar'i hijab, syar'i robes, veils, syar'i fashion, syar'i cosmetics and other economic artifacts. By characterizing the consumption of halal products and formal piety, the religious behavior of the Muslim middle class is in the low tradition plains. Religious traditions themselves are formed from clashes and greetings from the reality or habitus around them. In piety mapping, the Muslim middle class is in the Islamic category in the form of active piety."


Insight into animal biology and development provided by classical genetic analysis of the model organism Drosophila melanogaster was an incentive to develop advanced genetic tools for this insect. But genetic systems for the over one million other known insect species are largely undeveloped. With increasing information about insect genomes resulting from next generation sequencing, RNA interference is now the method of choice for reverse genetics, although it is constrained by the means of delivery of interfering RNA. A recent advance to ensure sustained delivery with minimal experimental intervention or trauma to the insect is to exploit commensal bacteria for symbiont‐mediated RNA interference. This technology not only offers an efficient means for RNA interference in insects in laboratory conditions, but also has potential for use in the control of human disease vectors, agricultural pests and pathogens of beneficial insects.


Both belonging to the category of rural-themed writers,Shen and Lu are strongly characterized with regional cultures in their novels.However,owing to the differences in their times and aesthetic pursuit,there exist great differences in their compositions.Shen lodged his cultural ideals in describing the west Hunan customs,and thus showed his will to return to the tradition.While Lu,in his description of the north Shanxi area,gives a deep insight of the restless life in the part of history and the upheavals in the social development,embodying the vibrating development of the times.


Knowledge reduction is NP-hard problem. And many approaches are proposed to get the minimal reduction, which is mainly based on the significance of the attributes. There are some disadvantages of the reduction algorithms at present. In this paper, we propose a novel heuristic function based on the distribution of granularity and treat it as important metric information of attributes. In the view of the granularity, we discussed the rationality of the heuristic function, and proposed a simple reduction algorithms based on the heuristic function. Finally, we verified the algorithm from the experiment.


Aim. To evaluate the nutritional status and its relationship with osteoporotic phenotype of body composition in women with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Material and methods. The study included 91 women aged 40 to 75 years with RA according to ACR/EULAR criteria (2010). A questionnaire, laboratory examination and dual X-ray absorptiometry of whole body, lumbar spine and proximal femur were conducted. Nutritional status was assessed using a MNA (Mini Nutricial Assessment) questionnaire.Results. Risk of malnutrition and malnutrition according to the MNA were detected in 42.9 % and 1.1 % of patients with RA, respectively. These patients differed from those with normal nutritional status with a higher risk of osteoporotic hip fracture according to FRAX (p = 0.035), lower appendicular muscle mass (AMM) (p = 0.048) and lower QOL according to VAS (p = 0.012). A positive correlation was established between the nutritional status by MNA and BMI (r = 0.280; p = 0.007), as well as total muscle mass (r = 0.280; p = 0.008), AMM (r = 0.320; p = 0.002) and AMM index (r = 0.280; p = 0.009). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, age above 55 years (OR = 7.76; 95 % CI: 2.17–27.69), nutritional status by MNA (OR = 0.68; 95 % CI: 0.51–0.92) and AMM index less than 6 kg/m2 (OR = 3.43; 95 % CI: 1.16–10.21) were independent factors associated with osteoporotic phenotype in RA patients.Conclusion. Malnutrition occurred in 44.0 % of RA patients. Women at risk of malnutrition had a higher 10-year probability of hip fracture according to FRAX. Age and AMM index were positively associated, while nutrition status according to MNA was negatively associated with osteoporotic phenotype of body composition.


The Jurassic Mayari-Baracoa ophiolite belt and associated Cretaceous volcanic rocks form the Zaza zone of eastern Cuba. This zone has been traditionally considered allochthonous and overrides a passive continental margin, the Cuban foreland. The ophiolites consist of mantle tectonites and cumulates, overlain by a volcanicarc sequence including porphyritic basalts and andesitic lavas. These are, in turn, overlain by a sequence of tuffs and epiclastic sedimentary rocks. There are two ophiolitic massifs in the belt, the Mayari-Cristal Massif (MCM) and the Moa-Baracoa Massif (MBM). The MCM consists of harzburgites and dunites with abundant high-Cr podiform chromitites and dikes of gabbro and pyroxenite. The MBM, on the other hand, is composed of harzburgites with abundant high-Al podiform chromitites, cut by troctolite dikes. The two ophiolitic massifs have different REE and PGE patterns and contents. The mantle sequence in the MCM is more depleted than that in the MBM. We suggest that the MCM formed beneath a volcanic island arc and the MBM beneath a nascent spreading center in a back-arc basin. The two massifs form a paired ophiolite belt.


A method for quantifying distortions arising in engine blocks of aluminium with liners of grey iron has been developed. The engine block has been modelled using the finite element method and machining has been simulated using the element-removal technique. The mechanical behaviour of aluminium has been characterised by tensile tests at different temperatures and strain rates. The results were used for calibration of material models capturing the viscoplastic behaviour at higher temperatures.


This research aimed to investigtate the Government of West Java's opportunities and challenges headed to support the implementation of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, especially in manufacture. The study utilized qualitative approach and framed by External Factors Analysis to expose its results to three points, opportunities, challenges, and recommendation of policy alternatives in responding the trend of Industrial Revolution 4.0 in West Java. The investigation found three opportunities concerning the issue i.e. the government commitment to encourage the development of industrial sector; supporting infrastructure of manufacture; and the government cooperation networks to enrich inputs and ideas about the development of manufacture. On the other hand, three challenges were identified in aspects of worker issues; environmental issues; and bureacreatical problems. Therefore, some alternatives recommended to be implemented to address the government of West Java's effort to encourage the implemetation of the Fourth Revolution concepts in West Java's industry were encourage research, development, and training; diversify product of manufacture; and promote export activities.


This work presents the main descriptors of the diagnostic system of machine exploitation. This problem contains: the measurements of technical state symptoms, the determination of their boundary values, and the frequency of diagnostics. This problem and the tasks in the system of machine exploitation supported with computer techniques constitutes about the rank of the discussed problem.


classes Account, Transaction, Attribute Way objects interact: Transaction -> Account Transaction can post itself to set of Accounts Account -> Transaction Account sorts Transactions that are posted to it Account -> Attribute Account retrieves the value of an attribute at a particular time by delegating to the Attribute object Attribute -> Transaction Attribute knows how to fetch value from Transaction Notes for OOPSLA '93 23 How to Design Frameworks -Copyright 1993 by Ralph E. Johnson How to use Accounts Define Transactions and Accounts. • define the Accounts to which a Transaction is posted Define fields on Transactions. Define Attributes on Accounts. • define way Attribute is computed (+,*, mtd, ytd) by selecting appropriate subclass of Attribute • for each Transaction posting to an Account, define how the Attribute gets a value 24 How to Design Frameworks -Copyright 1993 by Ralph E. Johnson Examples Good examples are crucial: • for finding framework • for teaching framework Examples define scope of the framework. Concrete examples abstract framework Notes for OOPSLA '93 25 How to Design Frameworks -Copyright 1993 by Ralph E. Johnson Finding Examples Start with similar examples. • should illustrate features that framework must support • provides a base for generalization Eventually examples should cover wide range. • minimize number of examples Look for examples that will break the framework. • perhaps they will define limits of framework • perhaps they will lead to generalization • avoid lots of special cases 26 How to Design Frameworks -Copyright 1993 by Ralph E. Johnson What Examples for Accounts? We've worked most on: • store • investment We have thought about: • payroll • personal finance • banking • budgeting We should consider: • insurance • manufacturing inventory Once Accounts can handle several small examples well, scale up. Notes for OOPSLA '93 27 How to Design Frameworks -Copyright 1993 by Ralph E. Johnson Process of Framework Design Framework is generalization of implementation of several problems. • study solution domain as well as problem domain • need to look at real programs • need a wide range of carefully chosen examples • generalization is the same process that occurs in all object-oriented design find common abstractions figure how to decompose problem into standard components parameterize There are common patterns of interaction that experts look for. Example-driven: the examples you choose determine your framework 28 How to Design Frameworks -Copyright 1993 by Ralph E. Johnson Scheduling Development Software is not reusable until it has been reused. Reusing software that is not reusable will point out reusability defects. 1) Domain analysis, collect examples (small group) 2) Make preliminary design (small group) 3) Implement examples (many groups) In addition to the framework design group, there probably needs to be a group for each example, unless the examples are small. 4) Fix framework and examples (many unhappy groups) As usual, every order of magnitude increase in the number of users will illustrate some (reusability) defects that you haven't detected before. Notes for OOPSLA '93 29 How to Design Frameworks -Copyright 1993 by Ralph E. Johnson Design Patterns Classes in framework can have many relationships between them. Designers look for design patterns to increase reusability. Superclass/subclass Part/whole (component/container) Builder/product Delegator/delegatee Double-dispatching 30 How to Design Frameworks -Copyright 1993 by Ralph E. Johnson Composition vs. Inheritance Two ways of reusing behavior • inheritance • composition Inheritance • easy to override inherited methods • static (easier to reason about) Composition • less programming • change behavior at run-time One relationship can often be changed to the other. Notes for OOPSLA '93 31 How to Design Frameworks -Copyright 1993 by Ralph E. Johnson Another Look at Accounts and Transactions Inventory (IJ) Journal Accounts Payable Journal (APJ) SalesTransaction


Genetic algorithm is one of the best ways to solve a discrete variable optimization problem. This method is an unconstrained optimization technique, so the constraints are handled in an implicit manner. The most popular way of handling constraints is to transform the original constrained problem into an unconstrained problem, using the concept of penalty function. I present the 3 fitness functions which represent the reject strategy, the penalty strategy, and the combined strategy. I make the design program using the 3 fitness Auctions and it is applied to the design problem of a gable frame and a 2 story 3 span frame.


Developing an active and stable metal single-atom catalyst (SAC) is challenging due to the high surface free energy of metal atoms. In this work, we report that tailoring of the 5d state of Pt1 single atoms on Co3O4 through strong electronic metal-support interactions (EMSI) boosts an activity up to 68-fold higher than those on other supports in dehydrogenation of ammonia borane for room-temperature hydrogen generation. More importantly, this catalyst also exhibit excellent stability against sintering and leaching, in sharp contrast to the rapid deactivation observed on other Pt single-atom and nanoparticle catalysts. Detailed spectroscopic characterization and theoretical calculations revealed that EMSI tailors the unoccupied 5d state of Pt1 single atoms, which modulates the adsorption of ammonia borane and facilities hydrogen desorption, thus greatly leading to the high activity. Such extraordinary electronic promotion was further demonstrated on Pd1/Co3O4, providing a new promising way to design of advanced SACs with high activity and stability.


We study the process of neutrino decay to electron and W -boson in the external magnetic field using the semiclassical "worldline instanton" approach. Being interested only in the leading exponential factor, we make calculations in a toy model, treating all particles as scalars. This calculation determines the effective threshold energy of the reaction as a function of the magnetic field. Possible astrophysical applications are discussed. It is emphasized that the method is general and is applicable to a decay of an arbitrary neutral particle into charged ones in the external electromagnetic field.


Cancer is a multistep process and oxidative stress has been pointed out to have critical roles on its initiation, promotion and progression. This work addresses the redox modulation afforded by the superoxide dismutase mimic (SODm) MnTnHex2-PyP (MnP), a Manganese(III) porphyrin (MnPs). Two different renal cell models were used to address initiation and progression cellular events. Firstly, the role of MnP on the toxicity of non-tumor renal cells exposed to the ochratoxin A (OTA) was evaluated. Different endpoints of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity were evaluated in Vero cells exposed to OTA. The MnP protected cells from the OTA-induced cytotoxicity. In addition, it modulated the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and decreased the percentage of cells in apoptosis when compared with cells exposed only to OTA. The role of the MnP in renal cancer progression was subsequently studied in a human renal cancer cell model. MnP decreased the cell viability of human 786-O cells. The MnP exposure also induced an increase in intracellular ROS and significantly decreased the migration of the human renal cancer cells. ROS partially contributed to the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of OTA in kidney cells, although other mechanisms may be relevant for OTA-induced deleterious effects. In addition, this work revealed the potential of MnTnHex-2-PyP in renal cancer treatment, by decreasing cancer cells viability and migration. Overall, this MnP protected nontumor cells from the toxic effects induced by OTA, while it had a beneficial effect against renal cancer cells.


In order to test the explosive power of detonator automatically,dynamically,reliably and quantificationally,a new test method was put forward,and a brand-new test system was established,which consists of test devices,computer and automatic test software.The system uses the detonator explosive power to impact the test-system's rotating mechanism whose angular velocity can be measured by sensor in real-time.Then,the automation testing software was used to process the experimental data.Finally,the power of detonator was characterized by the physical parameters,such as impulse,shock wave peak and shock wave time.And the time characteristic of detonator power was described by angular velocity-time curve,impulse-time curve and pressure-time curve.The result of experiments shows this test method can reflect the explosive power changes sensitively and accurately with different dosages and structures,and it is reliable and stable.


In the search for theoretical and methodological tools compatible with the adoption of the activity point of view in research and intervention, the principle of self-confrontation is discussed as an indirect method in Clinic of Activity approach aiming to favor the development of the power to act of the individual and collectives on themselves and their work environment. The potential of the method is emphasized in providing a formative experience and boosting the workers development in terms of their capacity to act, as well as the limit in terms of the transformation of work situations.


sion of the specific conditions under which a free political life—a space of public discourse independent of the state, in which authority could be constituted as rational, subject to the scrutiny of a citizenry organized into a public body under the law—could arise. Aside from the technical and empirical originality of the project's basic assembling of the materials into an historical argument, the impressive aspect of this book was its unforced movement across the then quickly rigidifying disciplinary boundaries, "fusing aspects of sociology and economics, of constitutional law and political science, and of social and intellectual history" (Preface, p. xvii). An enormous amount could be said about the enduring significance of this book, and for this purpose we await the forthcoming publication by MIT Press of the proceedings of a recent major conference at the University of North Carolina, in which Habermas participated. In the meantime, the following brief points may be made. First, Habermas's book speaks to a large and varied body of intervening historical work, ranging from the history of the law and the rise of voluntary association to the development of the press, the growth of a reading public, the history of literary criticism, and the public organization of theatre, music, and the other arts. Such literature is particularly abundant as grounds for studying eighteenthand nineteenth-century Britain, more unevenly so in the case of France, rather less plentiful for Germany and elsewhere. Whereas such work may not be about Habermas's conception of Oeffentlichkeit in some conscious or explicit sense, it eloquently vindicates the value of his historical perspective. Second, given the centrality of social communication and the growth of political culture (to use terms from a different theoretical tradition) to Habermas's argument, his book might also be brought into some extremely fruitful exchange with the literature on the formation of nations. Third, his ideal of the reasoning public and its institutional conditions of existence can be recognized in the current discourse on civil society in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe. Fourth, from a vantage point in the 1990s the intervening historical and theoretical discussions make us conscious of the exclusionary limitations of class and genders on Habermas's conception. Fifth, the causal relationship between the growth of the public sphere and the rise of capitalism now perhaps seems most problematic in Habermas's work. And last, Habermas's eighteenth century is very different from the eighteenth century of Foucault. Under this very different perspective, the claim to rational discourse, both in its social and gendered exclusiveness and in its disciplinary constitution of knowledge, was also a claim to power.


The article is devoted to the conceptualization of justice as a social existential. In M. Heidegger's phenomenological ontology, existentials function is a conceptual reproduction of the lost integrity of being, pointing to the basic constitutive moments of a human being. In modern social philosophy, existentials (as "thoughts‐feelings") describe not
only individual but also collective experiences. One of these social existentials is justice. The article analyzes the criteria of justice as a) an ethical and legal category, reflecting the historically formed perceptions of social ideal and b) social existential. In the first case, it is about the particular parameters of local action, in the second – an intuitive universal criterion, which allows assessing social reality as fair or unfair.


Lithium–sulfur batteries have drawn much attention in advanced energy storage development due to their high theoretical specific capacity; however, several obstacles hinder their applications, including rapid capacity loss due to dissolution of polysulfide into the electrolyte. Nitrogen-doped mesoporous carbon cathode materials were found to effectively immobilize sulfur species and minimize the sulfur loss. In this work, we use X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy to probe the coordination structures of C, O, and N in a carbon cathode before and after the sulfur loading in order to better understand the effects of nitrogen doping. A significant change in oxygen coordination structure is observed, whereas the carbon and nitrogen chemical environments remain unaltered. In addition, the significant change in S K-edge XANES spectra is also observed after sulfur was loaded on nitrogen-doped carbon cathode material. These observations reveal that strong interaction between the nitrogen-dop...


Specifying a system from different viewpoints, in heterogeneous design notations, and using a distributed team, introduces several challenges that test the state of the art in software engineering. One of these challenges is to check the consistency of such heterogeneous notations, and to deal with the problem of inconsistency throughout the lifecycle — including the management of inconsistency between notations at the same stages of the lifecycle, such as multiple UML models, and inconsistency between stages, such as the consistency of design and code.


Abstract Asphaltene precipitation and deposition in different parts of petroleum industry increase considerably cost and problems in oil production. Due to these facts controlling asphaltene precipitation becomes one of valuable topics for research in petroleum engineering. Utilization of Asphaltene inhibitors is known as one of the dominant methods for controlling asphaltene precipitation so in this paper Adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) is joint with Genetic Algorithm (GA) to study effectiveness of asphaltene inhibitors on precipitation in terms of oil and inhibitors properties. In order to prepare and evaluate the ANFIS-GA algorithm, some reliable experimental data were gathered. The obtained results from the comparison shows the coefficient of determination (R2) for training and testing phases are 0.98804 and 0.9916 respectively. The determined indexes and graphical comparisons expresses that ANFIS-GA has enough accuracy and potential to estimate effectiveness of inhibitors on asphaltene precipitation reductions.


The author reveals the content of the notions "picture of the world", "conceptual picture of the world", "language picture of the world", "cultural picture of the world", traces their connection with each other, tells about the origin and development of the understanding of the term "picture of the world", the variety of pictures of the world, the way of their implementation at the level of consciousness, and presents the interpretations of these notions by the scientists, who concerned these issues (M. Ya. Blokh, Yu. D. Apresyan, G. A. Brutyan, E. S. Kubryakova, A. A. Potebnya and others), their views and different approaches to the solution of the interaction of the above mentioned notions.


FtsH11 is a membrane-bound metalloprotease localized in mitochondria and in the chloroplast envelope of Arabidopsis thaliana. An ftsh11 knock-out mutant has been shown to develop a chlorotic phenot ...


The purpose of the present study was to determine the frequency of spontaneous axial skeletal variations detectable by the double staining technique in Crj: CD (SD) and Crj: Wistar rat fetuses. In addition, the frequencies of unossified skeletal variations were compared between SD and Wistar rats, and between same strain male and female rat fetuses. Fifteen types of the variations were detected. There were strain differences (4 types) and sex differences (3 types) in the frequencies of the variations. With the aid of double staining technique, skeletal variations such as supernumerary ribs or deformed ossification centers detected by the single staining technique could be classified in detail into many types. This study showed that the double staining technique improved detectability of skeletal variations and facilitated their evaluation in developmental toxicity studies.


The primary economic function of a bank is to redirect funds from savers to borrowers in an efficient manner, while increasing the value of the bank's asset holdings in absolute terms. Within the r...


In contemporary societies, consumers' choices in terms of food does not simply reflect the need to meet their nutritional needs, but also their lifestyle, their religious beliefs (for ex. the lack of pork for Jews and Muslims) or health problems that afflict them (for ex. the absence of peanuts, gluten or lactose for people with allergies) (Musto, 2006). The mismatch between what is said and what is actually present in the product purchased is a food fraud. The correct identification of species represents a crucial point in the control of food quality in order to avoid fraud. Today, the analysis of the gene encoding the cytochrome b has been universally adopted to identify animal species.The method used and validated in the identification of species in foods in this work is a PCR-Multiplex, that is an end-point PCR built of multiple sets of primers in a single mix to produce amplicons. These are of various sizes and specific for different target DNA sequences. This method allows you to simultaneously amplify different segments of the same gene of interest using the different primers pairs. By targeting many species in a single PCR experiment, the necessary information can be acquired by a single test that would otherwise require the use of more reagents and more time for the execution. Have been the subject of study the following meat matrices: burgers, sausages (fresh and dried), kebabs, meatballs and wurstel. The DNA was isolated by the use of the QIAamp DNA Mini kit (Qiagen), according to the guidelines given by the manufacturer. DNA was quantified by reading biofotometrica (EppendorfBioPhotometer). The extract was then subjected to amplification by the use of specific primers. The PCR products were analyzed with QIAxcel (Qiagen): an advanced, fully automated capillary electrophoresis. Were analyzed 51 samples: all, but two, were found to conform to the label. In the first sample does not comply (a hamburger) said only cattle, pork traces were found. In the second sample does not comply (a wurstel) said cattle and pig, chicken traces were found.One future development of such tests will be the development of a Multiplex Real Time PCR, in order to quickly test the samples both from a qualitative and quantitative point of view.


Aims  Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) is a recommended treatment for reducing severe hypoglycaemia in Type 1 diabetes, but the change in hypoglycaemia compared with multiple daily insulin injections (MDI) is unclear. We therefore conducted a meta‐analysis comparing severe hypoglycaemia and glycaemic control during CSII and MDI.


Abdominal pain - acute Abdominal pain - recurrent Accidents Acute hemiplegia Acute renal failure Adolescent health Adrenal disorders Allergy and anaphylaxis Anaemia Arrhythmias Asthma Ataxia Behaviour Big heads, small heads Bleeding disorders Calcium metabolism Cardiac arrest Child protection Children and the law Chromosomal abnormalities Chronic diarrhoea Chronic fatigue syndrome Chronic renal failure Coeliac disease Coma Congenital infection Constipation Cough and wheeze Cyanotic congenital heart disease Cystic fibrosis Developmental assessment Developmental delay Diabetes mellitus Disability Dysmorphology and teratogenesis Eczema Epidemiology, definitions and statistics Failure to thrive Fetal medicine Fits, faints and funny turns Floppy infant Gastroenteritis Gastrointestinal haemorrhage Gene defects Glomerulonephritis Growth assessment Growth - short stature, tall stature Haematuria Haemolytic uraemic syndrome Headache Hearing and speech Heart failure Heart murmurs Hypertension Hypoglycaemia Immunization Immunodeficiency Inborn errors of metabolism Inflammatory bowel disease Jaundice Juvenile chronic arthritis Kawasaki disease Learning disability Limping Liver disease Lumps in the groin Lumps in the neck Malignancy in childhood Malignancy - leukaemia and lymphoma Malignancy - solid tumours Meningitis and encephalitis Muscle and neuromuscular disorders Neonatal convulsions Neonatal jaundice Neonatal respiratory distress Neonatal surgery Nephrotic syndrome Neurocutaneous syndromes Newborn examination Nutrition Orthopaedic problems in childhood Peripheral neuropathy Poisoning Polyuria and renal tubular disorders Prematurity Puberty - precocious and delayed Purpura and bruising Pyrexia of unknown origin Rashes and blisters Shock Sickle cell anaemia and thalassaemia syndromes Small for dates, large for dates Stridor Sudden infant death syndrome Thyroid disorders Upper respiratory tract infection Urinary tract infection Vision Vomiting.


This study aimed to develop interactive multimedia using construct 2 on the topic of temperature and heat. The research method used is Research and Development (R and D) which adopted the development of Borg and Gall. Based on the results of the validation from the content experts, the results obtained were 81% in the very good category, and the media experts gave a score of 94% for the very good category, and the results of the teacher's response obtained a percentage score of 77% in the good category. Then interactive multimedia was tested through two stages, small group trials and field trials. The average results obtained were 83.6% for small group trials, and the results of field trials in three schools were 85%, 84%, and 84%, and the average was 85.7% in the very good category. So, it can be concluded that interactive multimedia is feasible and good for use in learning.


Abstract : Trafficability, the ability of a soil to permit the movement of vehicles, is a function of soil strength. Soil strength is related to soil moisture, which in turn is related to many other variables such as soil type, drainage and vegetation. For the preparation of an accurate estimate of the effect of climatology on soil strength conditions, a long-time record of soil moisture measurements is required. For most places in the world no such record exists. In this study, equations developed for estimating soil moisture in sandy silt of the type found in low terraces in the Saigon area are used, in conjunction with a 22-year record of daily rainfall observations, to generate a soil moisture record. From knowledge of soil moisture-strength relations, a soil strength record is generated. This record is used to estimate, for each day of the year, the probability that a given type of vehicle will be able to execute severe maneuvers over the soil without becoming immobilized. (Author)


A tunable X‐Ray focusing apparatus based on compound refractive lenses (CRL), referred to as a transfocator, has been installed for monochromatic beam (IAT in air transfocator) two years ago in the second optics hutch at ID11 at the ESRF. By varying the number of lenses in the beam, the energy focused and the focal length can be varied continuously throughout a large range of energies and distances.Based the success of the IAT, an in‐vacuum transfocator (IVT) has now been built and installed at ID11.The aim of this poster is to describe and show the mechanical and technical solutions used to design and manufacture this new IVT.The IVT was installed last January in the first optics hutch at ID11. The IVT consists of nine water cooled cartridges containing 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 Be lenses, and 32 and 64 Al lenses, and a protective aperture of O/ 900 μm. The mechanical design is based on a system of pneumatically actuated cartridges with an auto positioning on two stainless steel rods. The vacuum vessel has tran...


SUBTITLE: CORPORATIONS ARE RETHINKING THEIR SUPPLY CHAINS, ENABLING FLEETS TO FORGE NEW CUSTOMER LINKS AS PROVIDERS AND INTEGRATORS OF LOGISTICS SERVICES.


The nucleotide sequence of the PRD1 terminal protein gene has been determined. The coding region for PRD1 terminal protein is 777 base pairs long and encodes 259 amino acid residues (29,326 daltons). The deduced amino acid sequence of PRD1 terminal protein reveals no overall homology with other known terminal proteins or related proteins. A closer examination revealed a highly conserved amino acid sequence, YSRLRT, exist among all identified DNA terminal proteins including PRD1, PZA, Nf, φ29 and adenovirus. This is the first conserved amino acid sequence that has been found in all identified DNA terminal proteins. Not only is the YSRLRT sequence conserved, but its spatial location is similar as well. Therefore, the significance of the YSRLRT conserved sequence is suggested by both its conservative spatial location and high degree of homology across species. To study the structure-function relationship of the YSRLRT sequence of PRD1 terminal protein, in vitro site-directed mutagenesis was performed to determine the role of each amino acid in this conserved region. The PRD1 terminal protein and DNA polymerase genes were cloned into phagemid pEMBLex3, and the recombinant plasmid used for constructing mutants. Eleven PRD1 terminal protein mutant clones were examined for their priming complex formation activities. Our results have strongly demonstrated that the positive charge residue of arginine-174 plays an important role for PRD1 terminal protein function. There are 13 tyrosine residues in the predicted PRD1 terminal protein. It was of interest to known which tyrosine is actually linked to terminal nucleotide of the PRD1 DNA. We used a new approach involving replacing the tyrosine residues with phenylalanine residues in the carboxyl terminal portion of the protein. From analyses, the tyrosine-190 has been determined to be the most likely linkage site between terminal protein and PRD1 DNA.


Bee bread has been widely traditionally used for male fertility enrichment although limited scientific data are available on its effectiveness. Hence, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of bee bread on testicular cell development and testosterone level in male Sprague Dawley rats. In this study, 24 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were selected and divided equally into four treatment groups (n = 6/group) which were Control (C: 0 g of bee bread/kg body weight), Treatment 1 (T1: 1 g of bee bread /kg body weight), Treatment 2 (T2: 2 g of bee bread /kg body weight) and Treatment 3 (T3: 3 g of bee bread /kg body weight). The bee bread was administered daily and orally according to the designated treatment groups using oral gavage for 28 days. After 28 days of treatment, rats were euthanised and testicular cell development and testosterone level were measured. Results showed that rats in the T2 group had thicker (P<0.05) seminiferous tubular diameter (STD) than the control group and higher (P<0.05) seminiferous epithelial height (SEH) compared to C and T1 groups. The testosterone level in the T1, T2 and T3 groups was significantly higher (P<0.05) compared to control. In conclusion, this study suggests that supplemented with 2 g of bee bread per kg body weight is likely to give a positive effect by improving testicular cells development and testosterone level in male Sprague Dawley rats.


The proposed model simulates wave propagation by means of strips. Each strip is formed by the displacement of a segment of wave front with a width relative to the size of the semiwavelength at that point. This front is defined by a certain number of aligned points separated by a distance related to the width of the mesh cell that defines the sea bottom, and advances by steps of the same relative size as the separation. Wave speed is calculated at each point of the segment or front, creating a regression line of the displacement of the wave at each point of the front: this line defines the distance and turning angle of the following front. Surprisingly these hypotheses give results equal to the SnelTs law. The model is now-ready to work with these hypotheses giving approximate solutions (better than the present models), but can be optimized with further work comparing it with actual seas taken by direct means.The model can simulate refraction with precise results on complex or rocky bottoms, making any smoothing of the bottom mesh unnecessary. The caustics can also be simulated, and for wave spread the model creates a new strip each time the separation between the centre of strips is greater than a certain distance decided by the operator. The wave height is calculated considering the distance among normals in all the points we wish to so and since this is done at every step of the front the influence of height can be taken into account in the next step of wave refraction. The rays can change to any angle with the same precision, which makes the model work on any irregular coast.


Based on:– Yang Zhongxu, Mo Li, "Truth about SMEs' difficulties," Caijing, no. 23, 26 September 2011.– Wang Li, Yu Hairong, "SMEs' long winter, multiple pressures could lead to aggravating the situation or towards large scale overhaul," Xin Shiji, no. 463, 15 August 2011.– Qiu Xiaomin, "Gu Shengzu: It is imperative to alleviate SMEs' existential troubles," Xinhua Wang, 1 September 2011.– Wan Donghua, "Several measures to relieve SMEs of their difficulties," Zhongguo Guoqing Guoli – China National Conditions and Strength, no. 224, 7 September 2011.– Peng Chunlai, "Gu Shengzu, six remedies for SMEs' financing difficulties," Zhengjuan Ribao, 20 September 2011.


Abstract Examples of weak fault zones in and bordering Precambrian Sweden are reviewed and then analysed in terms of the factors that rendered them weak. The criterion taken here for weak zones is evidence of post-glacial uplift having reactivated old shear zones that are still active now. Strain analysis of the Singö shear zone demonstrates that it was already weak while it was deep and ductile between 1.86 and 1.6 Ga. Thus the orientations of strain ellipsoids indicate pure rather than simple shear across shear strands in which the dissolution of quartz and feldspar indicate high synshear fluid pressures. The characteristics of weak strands of the Baltic-Bothnian shear zones and the Senja-Bothnia shear zones are long histories of superimposed ductile, semi-ductile and brittle structures, indicating repeated reactivations with different kinematics. The shear zones that weakened are those that reactivated in several episodes during their history. Repeated reactivation renders major shear zones in the 'brittle' upper crust 'ductile' by rounding major angularities along subvertical and subhorizontal zones. This generates continuous seams of cataclasites in which pore fluids can pressurize so that internal strains can remain ductile and almost aseismic by frictional sliding or flow. This review ends by discussing how multiple reactivations weaken major faults and how reactivation remains focused on particular zones.


OBJECTIVES: Although cognitive impairment is known to be a major risk factor for falls in older individuals, the role of cognitive tests in predicting falls has not been established. Limited attentional resources may increase the risk for falls in older individuals. We examined the reliability and validity of divided attention tasks, walking while talking (WWT), in predicting falls.


state formation and race. Loveman also shows how powerful transnational scientific institutions and actors can be in shaping the landscape of the international order and calls us to give more attention to their place in international relations. This is a must read for scholars interested in Latin American history, race theory, state formation, or international relations and those that stand at the intersections of these intellectual spaces.


In the last decade or so, numerous papers have been devoted to empirical investigations based on contract theory. Many contributions use insurance data, and specifically files pro vided by firms. A typical paper would analyze the relationship between individual characteris tics, the contracts chosen and the corresponding "outcome," as measured by claims. � The natural next step in this research agenda is to model empirically market equilibrium on insurance markets. Empirical models of com petitive insurance markets are important in many respects. First, such models are an indis pensable first step for the empirical analysis of existing markets. The discussion of optimal pricing strategies or the definition of new insur ance contract would greatly benefit from such models. From a policy perspective, the design of any regulation requires estimating its likely impact on the market allocation. For instance, while a ban on specific pricing options (based, say, on gender or age) is often advocated on ethi cal grounds, a precise assessment of its impact on insurance markets is needed before any deci sion is made; and an empirical model is required to provide such an assessment.


Abstract Following deregulation, the airline industry has dramatically changed. In addition to numerous mergers and bankruptcies, the industry has also seen an influx of small, "low-cost" carriers who offer differentiated competition to the traditional legacy carriers. These low-cost carriers traditionally avoided the hub-and-spoke networks of legacy carriers, offering point-to-point service often on adjacent routes. However, events of the past 10–15 years, including the terrorist attacks of 9/11, rising fuel prices, and economic recessions, have led to a shift in the operations of these airlines. The legacy carriers have unbundled many of their services, most notably through baggage fees, seeking to improve efficiency. Low-cost carriers have expanded services into major airports and have shifted to more direct route level competition with the legacy carriers as they use their cost efficiency advantages to their advantage. In this chapter, we examine airport and route choice decision to serve by legacy and low-cost carriers over time. Our descriptive and econometric models point to convergence of operations in terms of the airports and routes that low-cost and legacy carriers serve, with the implication that the current competitive atmosphere improves efficiency as the distinctions between legacy and low-cost carriers have become less obvious.


This research is a reflection on the process of making a medical therapeutic mask housing and the role of the knowing body in understanding materials and 3 dimensional pattern cutting. It explores the somatic presence and embodied knowledge of the designer and the stakeholders from Noctura in perfecting an artefact more suitable and comfortable than their existing product. That is to gain greater compliance in the wearing of the therapy in order to arrest or improve the diabetic retinopathy condition in the patient/user. https://noctura.com/ The work is situated in new and emerging discourses in design and knowledge about the senses and how we learn through our bodies. I draw on research methodologies from Richard Shusterman on Somaeasthetics to Blakeslee and Blakeslee in understanding the neuroscience behind somatic bodily knowledge to Sian Builock in how the 'Body informs the mind'. How experiences through our own bodies shape how we build and 'feel' knowledge about ourselves. How we 'Feel' as in emotional resonance and 'Feel' as in Tactile, proprioceptive somatic knowledge of self. Sensorial Design is about the body for the body and how we use this knowledge to reflect and understand others experiences and their somatic presence with felt empathy. Alfred Margulies in his publication The Empathic Imagination, talks of Keats "negative capability". He explores Keats' interest in empathy and his pursuit in the 'goal of feeling himself into the reality of the other, as if to illuminate the object contemplated from within.' Connecting with this pursuit, I aimed to elicit clear felt experiences about each person's somatic understanding in using the mask. It was important that I became part of the Noctura team. I volunteered my own felt experiences, where valuable, in medical and interpersonal interactions to allow for meaningful dialogue that was not restricted to the normal formalities of a business meeting. The relationship-building and congruence in this collaboration aided my understanding of the different sensibilities to illness, to the body as subject and the body as object. The design processes and understanding were inclusive leading to the use of empathic imagination in the creation of the mask.


Experimental fetal anencephaly was produced in 23 rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatto) by removing the fetal head between days 73–82 of gestation. Timing of parturition was significantly disrupted in the 10 animals that were allowed to deliver vaginally: 3 of the anencephalic fetuses were born prematurely and 4 were born postmaturely. Pregnancies of the other 13 animals were interrupted by cesarean section between days 140–151 of gestation. Anencephalic fetuses were significantly lighter than control fetuses and their adrenal glands were atrophied. Mean amniotic fluid volumes and total placental weights of the anencephalic group were not statistically different from those of the control group. Experimental fetal anencephaly significantly decreased maternal venous estradiol; however, it did not affect the concentrations of cortisone, cortisol or estrone in the maternal saphenous vein, fetal umbilical vein or umbilical artery, or the concentrations of progesterone in maternal venous or umbilical arterial plasma....


Objective To know the the effects of pressure steam sterilization in microbiological laboratory,and to improve and ensure the quality of pressure steam sterilization.Methods Processing monitor and biological indicator monitor were used to monitor the quality of pressure steam sterilization of laboratory.Results When the filling rate was below 70%,121℃ 20 min was chosen as the sterilizing parameter by sterilizing the culture medium in 500 ml flasks.The qualified rate with 252 tests for stationary point thermometer tests was 100% and that for chemical indicator tests was 98.0%.The qualified rate with 15 tests of sterilization efficacy tested by Bacillus stearothermophilus spore was 100%.Conclusion By process testing,the sterilization parameter we chose can ensure the quantity of the pressure steam sterilization.


Agitations of workers of Uzovka of Augusts, 2–3 1892 are lighted up, that caused wide public resonance in a country. The basic versions of these events are analysed in home and foreign historical literature. Thus among basic estimations that driven to historiography, the strike of workers of Uzovka, revolt of workers, «choleraic rebelling», Jewish massacre, appear. Author of the article it is argued shows insolvency of such descriptions of performance of metallurgists and miners of Uzovka. At the same time, on the basis of whole complex of sources, an own version over of these events that is examined as an anticapitalist rebelling is brought. Рrincipal reasons that caused the performance of workers of Uzovka are analysed in the article. A basic role among them was played by the extremely high level of exploitation of local proletariat from the side of mining of Donbas. It is underlined at the same time, that to equal moods and cult of brute force prevailed in the system of values of workers of region, a drunkenness was widespread. Played the role and presence among the workers of settlement of plenty of natives from the central Russian provinces, and also homeless and unemployed, сriminal elements. A choleraic epidemic 1892 became a direct subject for the elemental rebelling of workers. By the result of disturbances in the center of miner's edge, elimination and plunder became workers, and also numerous lumpen-proletariat elements of 182 shops, 11 beerhouses, 8 private houses of settlement. A material damage, that was estimated it is marked in a 1,5 million rub, that authorities of Katerynoslav province for stopping of disturbances, was inflicted, sent 4 battalions of soldiers and three cossack hundreds in Uzovka, that forced to apply a weapon against thugs. A performance in Uzovka witnessed existence of high level of protest moods in a region, and also growth of revolutionary crisis in Ukrainian society in a modernisation period.


This interview with Dame Inga Beale, one of the most distinguished corporate leaders in the United Kingdom, explores her ideas around creative leadership of Lloyd's of London in the cyber asset market. Uniqueness of Beale's approach stems from the deep-seated social purpose of insurance to support development of trust in a complex asset management cyberspace. Beale's collaborative approach to dealing with risk in a digitally connected asset market is exclusive in its ethos. At a time when digital assets are threatened by cyberattacks and losses that are many times in magnitude in comparison with those of natural calamities, Beale's innovative leadership is likely to fit in with a boundary-less online context. Beale's enunciation of leadership aspirations for Lloyd's has striking similarities with recent research on digital transformation of organizations and provides a practical articulation of collaborative trust building within the insurance market and beyond.


From past research on the relationship of class origins and education, social scientists generally agree that, although class membership is a strong determinant of who goes to college, it does not determine who graduates. This study presents evidence to suggest that social class and college graduation are in fact, significantly related, especially among the college entrants who were only average students in high school. Rather than economic or intellective factors, the link between the independent and dependent variables appears to be the "psychocultural dimension" of class. Two major explanations are offered for the equivocal findings of earlier research: inattention to the diverse social composition of student bodies at different institutions and neglect of the prolonged academic careers of the college dropouts who came back.


The formation of electronic warfare is mutually conditioned by the dynamics of the struggle of means of attack and defense. Electronic combat, which is a form of operational and combat support, has become a new element of the content of operations and combat operations. One of the main directions of development of means, complexes and methods of electronic warfare is the improvement of the element base and technical solutions in the construction of electronic warfare equipment. Another direction is associated with a change in conceptual provisions associated with the creation and implementation of new technologies.
For the successful solution of the problem, a brief overview of the currently existing and operating self-directed systems is given, their structure (transmitters) is considered, and the algorithm of the missile's approach to the target is considered. The structure of existing missiles and the requirements for its parts were considered. In comparison, missiles produced by different countries were analyzed.
Various dispositions of electromagnetic waves are used in systems for missile control. Based on the ranges used, there are Radio-Technical, infrared, optical (laser) control systems. Also, the methods of aiming were considered: active, semiactive, passiv.
Keywords: Self-directed head, aiming methods, launch of the rocket to the visible and invisible targets.


This essay provides a brief overview of London's carnival and its beginnings in the late 1950s. Claudia Jones committed herself to both the culture and political underpinning of Caribbean carnival when she founded the event. London's West Indian community embraced carnival as an important source of celebration and cultural identity in the face of racist intimidation in Britain. The essay explores various difficulties that black British artists face gaining recognition, particularly those who work in carnival. Clary Salandy, the artistic leader of Mahogany Arts Ltd., in London, is considered one of London's leading, vanguard carnival designers. Her creation of a mas camp and her focus on community development to pursue carnival as a collective enterprise is examined. Salandy insists that 'Carnival is art' and her work exemplifies the tension between her desire to establish carnival as a viable art form in Britain and the social, political and cultural barriers faced by carnival artists today.


In China civil aviation meteorological services system,the meteorological database system as a core business systems,has played an irreplaceable role.The EtherChannel technology described here is a network port aggregation technology,the practical application of the technology in civil aviation meteorological database stand-alone,hot standby and network devices shows that it can raise the stability and reliability of overall system,and improve network transmission performance and load balancing situation.


Around two thirds of local authorities in England will find themselves short of the money needed to meet their target spending per head on public health by the end of 2014-15, show figures on the two year settlements allocated to them by the Department of Health.1

This is despite real term increases of up to 10% on the budgets for both 2013-14 and 2014-15 proposed by the outgoing primary care trusts, which relinquish responsibility for public health this April.

The overall budget for public health services managed by England's 152 local authorities will be £2.7bn (€3.3bn; $4.4bn) in 2013-14 and just under £2.8bn in 2014-15. The health secretary, Jeremy Hunt, announced on 10 January that the money would be ringfenced.

Local authorities will not assume responsibility for immunisation and vaccination, health …


The criminalization of the poor is supported at the municipal level by police budgets that continue to rise rapidly despite a falling 'crime rate'; at the provincial level by an expansion of prison capacity across the country and increasing numbers of people in remand, especially on 'administration of justice' and drug related charges; and at the federal level by 'tough on crime' mandatory minimum legislation.  It is one component of a broad strategy of mass incarceration and social control aimed at the poor, Indigenous people, im/migrant and refugee communities of colour, and labour, environmental, anti-war and anti-capitalist organizers who challenge the system. There is an urgent need to link the local resistance to these policies of criminalization in different Canadian cities and to build a cross-country network of organizations capable of exposing and opposing them, and linking them to the underlying system of capitalist exploitation and oppression.


The concept of capability is a cornerstone element in service description. Nevertheless, despite its fundamental role little effort has been seen to model service capabilities. Current approaches either fail to consider capabilities as feature-based entities and confuse them with annotated invocation interfaces or fail in modelling capabilities at several abstraction levels and establishing links between them. In particular, they are not able to model and deal with concrete capabilities (i.e., capabilities that reflect real customers' needs). In this paper, we propose a conceptual model as an RDF-schema for describing service capabilities. Our model defines capabilities as an action verb and a set of attributes and their values. It is also able to define capabilities at different levels of abstractions/concreteness and establish links between them. Most importantly, our model enables describing concrete capabilities which directly correspond to consumer needs. Our meta model is based on RDF and makes use of Linked Data to define capability attributes as well as their values.


In this work, different numerical methods for simulating deformations and stresses in turbine blade fir-tree connections are examined. The main focus is on the Method of Dimensionality Reduction (MDR) and the Boundary Element Method (BEM). Generally, the fir-tree connections require a computationally expensive finite element setup. Their complex geometry exceeds the limitations of the faster numerical techniques which are used with great success within the framework of the half-space approximation. Ways of extending the application range of the MDR and the BEM to the particular problem of highly undulating surfaces of the fir-tree connection are shown and discussed.


The prognosis for children with high grade gliomas remains somewhat unpredictable because histologic features alone provide an imperfect assessment of the biologic behavior of a given lesion. Whereas some patients experience prolonged disease control after surgery and adjuvant therapy, others with lesions that appear comparable exhibit rapid disease progression and death.


This chapter is a qualitative study on how an Early Childhood Educator Professional Development grant impacted early childhood educators and their literacy practices. This chapter also discusses how the grant impacted the researcher who was also an instructional specialist working with the educators as part of the professional development.

The professional development changed practitioners' literacy practices by encouraging them to improve children's access to books, to increase read alouds, to change literacy activities and to improve access to writing materials. These changes were also reflected in the experiences of the instructional specialist who also altered her own life.


Streaming media such as GPS, wireless sensor nodes, RFID and electric commerce are spreading over our lives. To process data streams from such streaming media, DSMS has been developed and widely used. While DBMSs are rarely used to process data streams directly, there is a growing need to integrate DSMS and DBMS, which means to use DBMS as a source of information related to data streams and to use DBMS to archive data streams. In such integration of DSMS and DBMS, transactions are triggered by data streams. Since arrival rate of data streams can be extremely high, it is necessary to invoke those transaction sequences efficiently to keep performance of DSMS. In this paper, we model invocation of transaction sequences and propose three schemes named Synchronous Transaction Sequence Invocation (STSI), Asynchronous Transaction Sequence Invocation (ATSI) and Order-Preserving Asynchronous Transaction Sequence Invocation (OPATSI). We built a prototype system which implements those schemes and conducted experiments to evaluate their performance. Our primary experiments showed that we experienced an order of magnitude higher throughput in transaction processing by using ATSI compared with STSI while breaking the order of transaction results. The results of experiments also showed that throughput of OPATSI is comparable to that of the ATSI, though it preserves the order of transaction results.


This article presents a fully automated algorithm for the extraction of parameterized macromodels from frequency responses. The reference framework is based on a frequency-domain rational approximation combined with a parameter-space expansion into Gaussian radial basis functions (RBFs). An iterative least-squares fitting with positivity constraints is used to optimize model coefficients, with a guarantee of uniform stability over the parameter space. The main novel contribution of this work is a set of algorithms, supported by strong theoretical arguments with associated proofs, for the automated determination of all the hyperparameters that define model orders, placement, and width of RBFs. With respect to standard approaches, which tune these parameters using time-consuming tentative model extractions following a trial-and-error strategy, the presented technique allows much faster tuning of the model structure. The numerical results show that models with up to ten independent parameters are easily extracted in few minutes.


【A study on the color removal by irradiation of ${\gamma}-ray$ was carried out to reclaim the secondary effluent for the purpose of industrial water. Coagulation, ozone and ion exchange methods were compared. It could know that irradiation method was the most effective in color removal. The color was removed by 87.5% at 0.5 Mrad and it was increase with dose. High removal efficiency could be obtained in low pH and low concentration of $CO3^{-2}$ . This process can be applied to the treatment of secondary effluent and is considered to be one of the most useful tertiary treatment.】


This article re‐evaluates the UK government's 'moral' case for war with Iraq with a view to identifying a more pressing issue, which the moral case obscures, in order to clarify, first, why this issue – namely, the denial of equity and international justice primarily for reasons of wealth accumulation – generates resentment and terrorism, and second, how the pursuit of wealth in this manner is, as the United States is witnessing, producing enemies that it cannot defeat. In this light, it follows that respect for international justice and the expansion of minimum rights and liberties everywhere and for everyone that wealth generation involves becomes an argument for mutual security. Among the possible means to this end, particular attention is paid to the development of rights‐compatible energy sources (which power the production of wealth), the replacement of those international financial institutions which promote prosperity by just means, and the equalization of the legal standing of governments.


The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2); host cell entry by this virus relies on the interaction between the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of its spike glycoprotein and the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor on cell membranes. In addition to serving as a receptor for SARS-CoV-2, ACE2 was originally discovered as a protective factor in the renin–angiotensin system (RAS) that catalyses the degradation of angiotensin II (Ang II) to Ang 1-7, which is involved in multiple organ pathology. Recent genetic and clinical studies reported that ApoE4 expression is associated with increased susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and the development of severe COVID-19, but the underlying mechanism is currently unclear. In the present study, by using immunofluorescence staining, molecular dynamics simulations, proximity ligation assay (PLA) and coimmunoprecipitation (Co-IP) combined with a biolayer interferometry (BLI) assay, we found that ApoE interacts with both the spike protein and ACE2 but does not show obvious isoform-dependent binding effects. These data suggest that ApoE4 increases SARS-CoV-2 infectivity in a manner that may not depend on differential interactions with the spike protein or ACE2. Importantly, further immunoblotting and immunofluorescence staining results showed that ApoE4 significantly downregulates ACE2 protein expression in vitro and in vivo and subsequently decreases the conversion of Ang II to Ang 1-7, which could worsen tissue lesions; these findings provide a possible explain by which ApoE4 exacerbates COVID-19 disease.


Trophic-dynamic theories predict the biomass and productivity of trophic levels to be partially top-down regulated in food webs, and that the top-down regulation will manifest itself as cascading trophic interactions. We tested the two principal predictions deduced from these theories: trophic cascades of (1) biomass regulation and (2) productivity regulation occur in food webs.

We created three food webs with either one, two, or three trophic levels in soil microcosms containing a sterilized mixture of leaf litter and humus. Twenty species of bacteria and fungi formed the first trophic level, a bacterivorous nematode (Caenorhabditis elegans) and a fungivorous nematode (Aphelenchoides sp.) the second level, and a predatory nematode (Prionchulus punctatus) the third level. We sampled the microcosms destructively four times during a 5-mo experiment for estimations of the biomass of each of the trophic levels. CO2 evolution was analyzed once or twice a week, and NH4+-N concentration in the soil was measured at the end of the experiment. Glucose was added to the microcosms every second week to provide energy for the microbes. The biomass of microbivores was clearly regulated by the predator. The abundance of bacteria was not affected by the food chain length, and the abundance of fungi was higher in the presence of nematodes than in the pure microbial community. Net mineralization of N and C was highest in the food chains with two trophic levels, at an intermediate level in the presence of predators, and lowest in the pure microbial communities. Microbial production (estimated on the basis of microbial respiration) was higher in the food webs with two and three trophic levels than when the microbes were growing alone. Whether the biomass of the second trophic level was reduced by the predator or not had no effect on microbial biomass or microbial productivity.

Therefore, although the microbivore biomass and mineralization of both C and N were regulated by the predator, our experiment did not provide evidence of cascading trophic interactions regulating the microbial biomass and productivity in decomposer food webs. The facts that microbes were able to compensate totally for the consumed biomass by increasing their turnover rate and that the microbes did not behave as a uniform trophic level prevented a trophic cascade of biomass regulation from occurring in our soil food web. Similarly, since microbial productivity did not depend on the biomass at the second trophic level, neither did a trophic cascade of productivity regulation take place.


Excerpt Virchow was the first to recognize that atheromatosis might result from loosening of the connective tissue ground-substance, of which the arterial intima is for the most part composed, and ...


In this paper, I have proposed an election algorithm that can be used in distributed systems to elect a coordinator. This is a betterment of an already existing Election algorithm (also known as Bully Algorithm) proposed by Hector Garcia-Monila (1982).The proposed algorithm is an efficient approach than Bully Algorithm.


In‐vitro data of pituitary adenoma cells from 28 acromegalic patients were evaluated. In addition to GH, PRL was produced by 16 adenomas (57%) and alpha‐subunit by 15 adenomas (54%) while there was a significantly higher incidence of tumours producing PRL and alpha‐subunit simultaneously.


ABSTRACT Taufik Sani Santoso (K3114049). EFFECTIVENESS OF SYMBOLIC MODELLING TO INCREASE THE LEARNING MOTIVATION OF SMK NEGEI 1 KARANGANYAR STUDENT IN THE ACADEMIC YEAR 2017/2018. Thesis. Teacher Training and Education Faculty of Sebelas Maret University. July 2018 The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of modelling symbolic technique to increase learning motivation of students SMK Negeri 1 Karanganyar academic year 2017/2018. This research was Quasi Experimental Design with Non equivalent Control Group Design consisting of experimental group and control group. Research subjects of each experimental group and control group amounted to 10 students selected using purposive sampling technique. The data collection technique used learn motivation questionnaires. Data analysis was used mann whitney with the help of SPSS 20. Based on the results of the analysis it could be concluded that the Mann-Whitney U test result was 5,000 with significance of 0.000. The significance value was 0.000 which was smaller than 0.05, so there are differences in learning motivation between the experimental group and the control group after treatment. Therefore, it could be concluded that learning motivation service used modelling symbolic technique was effective to improve learning motivation of the students in SMK Negeri 1 Karanganyar academic year 2017/2018. Conclution of this study was to give an example of symbolic techniques effectively to improve learns' learning motivation senior high student class 1 of state SMK Negeri 1 Karanganyar academic year 2017/2018. Keyword: symbolic model, motivation of learning


Wang Chongjian became a jinshi(an official candidate in the highest imperial examination) without any official rank before the fall of the Ming Dynasty.He fled to south China immediately after Li Zicheng's troops occupied Beijing.Two years later,he came back and served in the Qing government.His official career went right until retired in the early years of the reign of Emperor Kangxi.As it were,although Wang Chongjian joined in Fu-she and disappointed at the situation,he didn't die for the Ming Dynasty.In order to recover the native,he sought refuge and turned his expectations to the Ming Dynasty.When the hope was extinct,he came back from the south without hesitation,and he didn't retire into seclusion but gave his allegiance to the Qing government,which brought him honor and glory.


Prelude to the khoros 1. Introduction 2. Dancing on Delos 3. New Tunes in Musical Argos: Mapping out the Argolid in Cultic Song 4. Locality and Panhellenism: Aiginetan Myth and Delphic Ritual 5. Returning to the Beginning: Insular Identity on Fifth-Century Rhodes 6. Aetiology Overseas: From Epic to Ethnic Identity in Megale Hellas 7. Who were the Boiotians? Myths of Migration in Ritual Epilogue


This paper addresses fuel economy standards that can be obtained in 1985 for two-wheel drive light-duty trucks using existing technology. To estimate the fuel economy, the fleet of trucks is first segmented into market classes based on the concept of utility. The 1985 sales share of each class is predicted from an extrapolation of current trends as well as published sales forecasts. The 1985 fuel economy of each market class is projected. Estimates of weight reduction and new model introduction within each market class were derived from published manufacturers' plans.


From the perspective of modern analytical philosophy,Mr.Li Jinxi's "Lasted Book on Chinese Grammar" and his theory on the sentence-based grammar are still of an important referential value.From sentence,the representation of thought,Mr.Li's sentence-based grammar tries to find a "common rule of languages",which is quite similar to the theory of Frege,founder of modern analytical philosophy.Mr.Li's concept of "notional word" and "function word" has a great universality,which is not only suitable for Chinese,one of atomic languages,but also applies to Qiang Language and Queyu Language,which belong to agglutinative languages."All words can only have parts of speech in sentences,and they'll lose their parts of speech if they are separated from sentences",this is a correct description on language phenomenon;it's a "Relativism on part of speech",and it's essentially a problem concerning semantic sampling;it interprets the Relativism on part of speech with the principle of denotative word and connotative word,as well as denotative part of speech and connotative part of speech,which is felt as an outstanding opinion ahead of its time,instead of an inappropriate one.


As a Money Adviser with the Money Advice and Budgeting Service (MABS), I noticed
a new cohort of clientele seeking the advice of MABS. Traditionally the MABS client
base was confined to those from disadvantaged backgrounds but this new cohort are
educated and middle-class. They present to the service in states of high anxiety and
bewilderment, akin to a 'fish out of water'. This study documents the previously
undocumented experience of these over-indebted, educated, middle-class MABS
clients. It asked why, despite their education, these clients did not have the capacity to
manage their crisis alone. It found they were incapacitated by the extent of their crisis
which goes deeper than income reduction and material poverty alone. It found the
dispositions of their middle-class habitus and a lack of critical reflection limited their
capacity to imaging alternatives to deal with their circumstances. The research
recommends that a critical pedagogy should underpin all MABS education policy with
a view to facilitating transformative learning for clients. It is hoped this will give
clients a sense of control over their situation and possibly lead to social activism for a
more equal society.


Abstract There is no obvious consensus in the literature on the relationship between criminal offenses and natural disasters. Specifically, studies have presented positive, negative, and no impact relationships using either a small number or an aggregation of criminal offenses. Furthermore, majority of studies seem to be focused on single disasters and shorter time periods. This present study fills a gap in the literature by using multiple hurricanes to explore the economic impact of hurricanes on individual criminal activities in Florida with macro level data from 1976 to 2012. More importantly, it highlights how different counties are affected by crime depending on the strength of a hurricane. Additionally, the relatively new generalized difference-in-difference econometric method is used to estimate this impact. I find that hurricanes increases crime per capita in counties that are directly hit, while neighboring counties experience a decline. This study has implications for the allocation of resources and national security in the face of natural disasters.


The cycopropanation of β-trimethylsiloxy α, β-unsaturated esters and ketones, prepared from 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds, with carbenes followed by ring cleavage gave corresponding 1,4-dicarbonyl compo...


The early observations of those who first described babies with pyloric stenosis (PS) are used as a backdrop for the development of the Inherited Primary Hyperacidity theory of cause. Those early truths, uncomplicated by modern technology, have acted as a springboard for pathogenesis. Hyperacidity, male predominance, family history, self-cure, enhanced appetite, and time-sensitive presentation were all well known to the early pioneers. Any system of pathogenesis must explain all these clinical features. The Inherited Primary Hyperacidity theory does this and is a credible explanation for all the clinical features established by these early pioneers. The evidence which supports a delay in maturation of the negative feedback between gastrin and gastric acidity is presented. Such a phenomenon further supports the Primary Hyperacidity theory.


Since the discovery and the development of the financial equilibrium asset pricing models, they were constantly and repeatedly tested mainly for the big markets and scarcely for the smaller or the emerging ones. Romania belongs to the last category, hence empirical testing of these models for its case was almost inexistent. So, this paper examines the validity and the applicability of the Arbitrage Pricing Theory model for the Romanian stock exchange, conditioned of course by the available data. The data used is represented by monthly returns of 60 companies, listed on the Bucharest Stock Exchange, using a 6-year period, from 01.01.2005 to 31.12.2010. This period was divided into 2 equal sub-periods, and the testing process was conducted for each sub-period, and then again for the whole period. The findings sustain APT only minimally for the 2 sub-periods, where only one priced factor was obtained, and stronger evidence was found for the entire period of time, where 3 factors proved to be significant in influencing the returns of the selected assets. These results and mainly those for the whole period of time resemble the conclusions of the majority of studies, who found in general 2-4 priced factors, regardless of which market was analyzed.


In an enterprise, the working atmosphere will affect the work performance of employees, so it is particularly important to manage the task conflict and trust relationship between employees and leaders. In this study, trust in leadership was used as a moderator to understand the relationship between task conflict and job performance. The employees of each department in high star hotels were investigated. In February 2020, 303 valid questionnaires were sent out and collected. The conclusion shows that trust in leadership has a significant moderating effect on task conflict and job performance. Based on the conclusion, this research suggestions on conflict management and work relationship between leaders and employees are provided for hotel managers.


Wilma Dykeman--our writer and speaker with a recognized, truthful voice in fiction and nonfiction. Her indispensable presence. She completed her formal education at Northwestern University after she took her associate degree at Biltmore Junior College in Asheville. Nature, human and otherwise, was her real academy. She once wrote, in keeping with a French proverb, that the best things about people are their dogs. In this weekly newspaper column, she was paying tribute to a special dog that had been killed near home while she was away exploring the world. [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] In some respects the best thing about our recent history, social as well as literary, has been Wilma Dykeman. More than one person has said that she should have been governor of North Carolina and Tennessee at the same time. She would have dried up acid rain produced by coal-fired power plants, renewed the rivers and forests, and controlled canine populations. This great mountain advocate died December 22, 2006, at age 86. Her published works are maximal considerations of race relations, aging, travel, biography, mountain culture, state history, women's rights and equality, ecology, and the need for global birth control. She was a tall, tall woman in a striking hat, usually yellow. She took the time to see, with her shaded eyes, further than most folks can see. With us she shared what she observed, in speeches, essays, three novels, and fifteen other books. Some of the nonfiction was written collaboratively with her husband, James Stokely, who died suddenly in 1977. With each of their sons, Dykeman and Jim, she produced a book. At her June 13, 2007, memorial celebration in Asheville at the Diana Wortham Theatre, Fred Chappell called her a dogooder of the best kind and said that a nice epitaph for himself would be "Friend of Wilma Dykeman." John Ehle said that it hardly seemed appropriate to speak of Wilma without asking her what to say. He noted especially how her writing about Appalachia had changed the attitude of the publishing world about the region. Sharon McCrumb, who had read Return the Innocent Earth (1973) in college, confirmed that Wilma lived the mountain tradition: "I know who I am. Be yourself. Take me as I am." Robert Morgan concluded these tributes by accomplished writers. Referring to clear, gushing springs, especially headsprings, and their importance to people, he cited his reading of Dykeman's The French Broad (1955) as the most important event in his education. Morgan added that Lydia McQueen, the fated heroine of The Tall Woman (1962), stands as "the personification of culture at its best." This mountain culture also informs The Far Family (1966), a fictional sequel. If Thomas Wolfe had been among the speakers at Wilma Dykeman's memorial, he might have recalled the high school senior who interviewed him at the Old Kentucky Home in May 1937 and later that summer, in July, came with a group to visit him at Oteen. She never forgot her visit to the Whitson cabin. In Thomas Wolfe: When Do the Atrocities Begin? Joanne Marshall Mauldin quotes Dykeman: "'I will always remember Tom's eyes and hands. When he shook hands with you, you felt your hand sort of disappear in this great grasp. His eyes were so consuming--that solid brown that really sees you'"(40). She had made a similar observation in the famous chapter of The French Broad entitled "The Chateau and the Boardinghouse." Richard Walser underscored part of the last sentence of this chapter in his personal copy: "... elegant George Vanderbilt and great passionate Thomas Wolfe each found means to represent man's groping toward beauty made concrete in art" (227). Mabel Wolfe Wheaton was a friend of Wilma's who eventually introduced James Stokely to her. He had earlier sought out Wolfe and even received a visit from him in Newport, Tennessee, early in the summer of 1937. Later, after Wolfe's death, young Stokely, poet and apple grower, had attempted to turn Look Homeward, Angel (1929) into a play. …


by a systematic description of the main features of the in-house codes of all 16 partners. The final 80% of the book is devoted to a thorough analysis of a comprehensive programme of numerical investigations, including extensive comparisons between predictions and experimental data. The programme consisted of the following investigations. • A number of transonic two dimensional Navier-Stokes codes were applied to two flows about the RAE-2822 aerofoil, one with, the other without, shock-induced flow separation. Initially all codes used the same mesh and flow parameters. Subsequently changes in the mesh changes and different turbulence models were introduced. To isolate the problem of shock-induced flow separation, the samecodes, incorporating a range of turbulence models, were applied to the transonic flow over a bump on a floor; two different shaped bumps were investigated. • A number of low speed two dimensional Navier-Stokes codes, incorporating different turbulence models, were applied to attached and separated flows about a single aerofoil and a two element aerofoil. • Because Navier-Stokes codes include artificial viscosity which can swamp real viscosity, boundary layer methods, which do not introduce artificial viscosity, have been used to compare different turbulence models, primarily in two dimensions but with a limited extension to three dimensions. • In three dimensions one Euler and a number of Navier-Stokes codes have been applied to a transonic flow about a finite swept wing of high aspect ratio (the DLR F-5 wing). • An Euler code has been applied to the transonic flow a two dimensional aerofoil and a three dimensional wing in a windtunnel and in an unconstrained field to assess the accuracy of contemporary windtunnel corrections. • A preliminary investigation has been made into the application of a NavierStokes code to predict vortex breakdown. At the end of this exhaustive programme the conclusions are guarded and qualified, although the turbulence models have been graded broadly between better and worse. On reading this stimulating book, which is commended to all workers in the field of CFD, this reviewer is left with a number of reflections: — it is reassuring that a European co-operative exercise with so many participants can be so successful, auguring well for the future; — a weeding-out process has been administered, but where does one go from here? — there are (at least) two aspects to CFD, the scientific quest for ultimate realism and the engineering quest for effective design procedures; these two quests are not the same, a point that is not addressed in this book; — if all of the empirical constants in the turbulence modelling and code procedures are optimised for steady flows, does one have to start from scratch for unsteady flows? PROFESSOR G.J. HANCOCK, CEng, FRAeS


Animals have evolved inducible enzymatic defenses to facilitate the biotransformation and elimination of toxic compounds encountered in the environment. The sensory component of this system consists of soluble receptors that regulate the expression of certain isoforms of cytochrome P450, other enzymes, and transporters in response to environmental chemicals. These receptors include several members of the steroid/nuclear receptor superfamily as well as the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), a member of the bHLH–PAS gene superfamily. In addition to its adaptive functions, the AHR serves poorly understood physiological roles; interference with those roles by dioxins and related chemicals causes toxicity. One approach to understanding the physiological significance of the AHR is to characterize its structure, function, and regulation in diverse species, including mammals, birds, fish, and invertebrates. These animal groups include model species with unique features that can be exploited to broaden our understanding of AHR function. Studies carried out in diverse species also provide phylogenetic information that allows inferences about the evolutionary history of the AHR. This review summarizes the current understanding of AHR diversity among animal species and the evolution of the AHR signaling pathway, as inferred from molecular studies in vertebrate and invertebrate animals. The AHR gene has undergone duplication and diversification in vertebrate animals, resulting in at least three members of an AHR gene family: AHR1, AHR2, and AHR repressor. The inability of invertebrate AHR homologs to bind dioxins and related chemicals, along with other evidence, suggests that the adaptive role of the AHR as a regulator of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes may have been a vertebrate innovation. The physiological functions of the AHR during development appear to be ancestral to the adaptive functions. Sensitivity to the developmental toxicity of dioxins and www.elsevier.com/locate/chembiont * Tel.: +1-508-289-3242; fax: +1-508-457-2134 E-mail address: firstname.lastname@example.com (M.E. Hahn). 1 Invited review for Chemico-Biological Interactions. 0009-2797/02/$ see front matter © 2002 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. PII: S0009 -2797 (02 )00070 -4 M.E. Hahn / Chemico-Biological Interactions 141 (2002) 131–160 132 related chemicals may have had its origin in the evolution of dioxin-binding capacity of the AHR in the vertebrate lineage. © 2002 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.


The paper deals with a fully assumed strain soild element that can be used for modeling of thin sensors and actuators. To solve fully coupled field problems, the eledtric potential is regarded as a nodal degree of freedom in addition to three translations in an eighteen node assumed strain soild element. Therefore, the induced electric potential can be calculated for a prescribed load and the actuation displacement can be computed for an input voltage. Since the assumed strain solid element can alleviate locking. A finite element code is developed based on the formulation and typical numerical examples are solved for code validation. Using the code, we have conducted parametric study for THUNDER actuator. It is found that a particular combination of materials for layer curvature of THUNDER improves the actuation displacement


Acyclovir was the first antiherpetic agent to selectively inhibit herpesvirus replication while maintaining an excellent safety profile, and currently constitutes the standard therapy for the management of herpesvirus infections. Research to improve the oral bioavailability of acyclovir has resulted in the development of its L-valyl ester, valaciclovir. Oral valaciclovir is rapidly and extensively converted to acyclovir, substantially increasing acyclovir bioavailability, and thus has the potential for improved efficacy and more convenient dosing than oral acyclovir. Valaciclovir is currently being evaluated in Phase III clinical trials worldwide for the treatment of herpes zoster, first episode genital herpes, treatment and suppression of recurrent genital herpes, and the prophylaxis of cytomegalovirus infection and mortality in immunocompromised patients


Today, it is seen that there is an increase in the elderly population, which is defined as the third age, in developed countries, especially in many countries in the European continent, and all over the world. It is estimated that the elderly population will reach 2 billion in 2050. The reasons such as the availability of leisure time and the appropriateness of their economic welfare level of these people over the age of 65, who have terminated their active working life, enable them to participate more in tourism activities. Understanding the importance of many activities such as spa-wellness and thermal activities, which are important for human health in tourism, increases the interest of people in the third age group to these activities. Aware of this situation, many countries regulate their insurance systems and implement policies that support the participation of the elderly population in tourism. This situation causes the growth of the third age tourism market. This situation creates an important opportunity especially for countries with thermal tourism opportunities. For this reason, in this study, it is aimed to evaluate the potential situation of third age tourism in the world and to evaluate what Turkey should do to benefit from this tourism market in terms of thermal tourism.