Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior and used Proportional to Population Size Sampling method,which 787 residents from 14 cities in Liaoning Province were randomly selected,the author carried out empirical studies about impacting factors of urban residents' charitable behavior. Then the methods of variance analysis,generalized linear models,structural equation modeling were used to analyze data. The results were found: In these three categories of factors,the charity cognitive had the greatest influence on urban residents' charitable behavior,and subjective orientation was second,while the demographic factors such as gender,age had minimal impact on charitable behavior. At last,the author made recommendations to promote philanthropy residents.


In this article we produce a refined version of the classical Pohozaev identity in the radial setting. The refined identity is then compared to the original, and possible applications are discussed.


In the history of the various professions, there is at least one entry in the subject: the social service. The culture of the environment and the fears aroused by computerization led to the subject being approached through its "managerial" and political aspects concerning social services before considering the tools and the more "pedagogical", cultural and ultimately insertion, in the different dimensions of the term. It is interesting to see that it is not from the same angle that social workers are approached by new technologies (and approach them themselves). This is now an issue of acting on a double level, namely the construction of citizenship on the one hand, and professionalism on the other. The development of computerization, information, communication, associated technologies, their consequences and derived products is an achievement and it is binding all the sectors of society. It is enrichment for the citizens, for the professionals, for the institutions, but it is not limitless.


In this paper we present an implementation of parallel raytracing in both distributed memory and shared memory systems using MPI and OpenMP respectively. We have developed an object oriented solution using C++ and performed experiments in both the platforms. We present the performance model analysis with memory and time complexity analyses. Experimental results show that the implemented static load balancing technique achieves linear speedup and near optimal efficiency in both the cases. We also present a comparison among different load-balance scheduling schemes in OpenMP.


The background of this research was the fact that many employees shifted from a company to other company to get better career, hence causing high employee turnover rate. Therefore. applying accurate career strategy can become determination of organizational commitment. The objectives of this research are to identify the effect of career planning, career development program, career strategy, career satisfaction to organizational commitment. The design of this research applies hypothesis testing to examine all hypotheses in this study. The methods used in this study were mulltiple regressions between independent variables and dependent variable. Data analysis used in this research was collected by distributing questionnaires which were distributed to 160 respondents in  Jakarta. There were 160 responses of which 150 were completed and usable to be analyzed using multiple regressions. This research concludes that there was positive and significant effect between career planning, career development program, career strategy, and career satisfaction with organizational commitment.


Bone defects in the growing period give rise to mandibular growth obstruction. After the bone is resected, the defect in the mandible is reconstructed by means of bone graft or ceramic implantation to maintain mandible form and function, but the effect on mandibular growth has not been studied in detail. So the author has studied experimentally the effects of bone graft and the implantation of 2 types of ceramics, hydroxylapatite (HA) and tricarcium phosphate (TCP), in surgically caused mandible defects growth.Ninety-six 4-week-old WKA rats were used in this study. Of these 36 rats were used for histological study and 60 were divided equally into the 6 following groups: Group 1. Bone was grafted into the defect at the mandibular body inferior border. Group 2. Bone was grafted into the defect at the mandibular ramus center. Group 3. Fibrin adhesion system (Tisseel ® kit) was filled into the bone defect created the same as in group 1. Group 4. Bone was grafted with fibrin adhesion system into the bone defect created the same as in group 1. Group 5. HA was implanted with fibrin adhesion system into the bone defect created the same as in group 1. Group 6. TCP was implanted with fibrin adhesion system into the defect created the same as in group 1. Sixty of the rats were sacrified at 15 weeks of age, decapitated, and the obtained specimens were evaluated by measurement, contact microradiography and radiography.Growth inhibition of the mandible after resection of the mandible inferior border was significantly improved by replantation of the removed bone itself to the resected site, but there was no significant effect on mandible growth when the defect at the mandibular ramus center was filled with bone. Ceramics implantation into the defect of the mandible inferior border showed a similar but not significant effect to that seen in the case of bone replantation.


A switching control strategy is proposed for the stabilization of the simplest form of a power system. The underlying switching control strategy is represented by the pulsed addition of an inductive impedance to the transmission line, through a suitable and well-known arrangement of switching thyristors. It is proved that there exists a local stabilizing sliding mode. The energy function of the system is used as a Lyapunov function to derive a switching control which guarantees the reachability of the sliding surface from the stability region. The switching control scheme is also implemented via a reduced-order nonlinear observer based on exact error linearization achieved through nonlinear output injection. Numerical simulations are presented.


The rivalry concept explored in the conflict literature during the past decade offers considerable potential for theory building in international relations. This paper explores one possible avenue to this end by applying insights from historical institutionalism to a case of spatial rivalry in order to explain many of the findings from the quantitative literature. As I demonstrate in this paper, the focus on issues is a good start at explaining rivalry, yet it masks important underlying domestic processes that initiate, maintain, and terminate rivalries. I explain how the "issue" of territory came to be fused with national identity in the case of Argentina‐Chile resulting in a history of conflict and classification as an enduring rivalry. I draw on this case to argue that territorial nationalism may explain why seemingly disparate territorial conflicts separated by time and space can be considered linked to form a spatial rivalry.


Iris recognition on mobile devices is challenging due to a large number of low-quality iris images acquired in complex imaging conditions. Illumination variations, low resolution and serious noises reduce the distinctiveness of iris texture. This paper explores complementary features to improve the accuracy of iris recognition on mobile devices. Firstly, optimized ordinal measures (OMs) features are extracted to encode local iris texture. Afterwards, pairwise features are automatically learned to measure the correlation between two irises using the convolutional neural network (CNN). Finally, the selected OMs features and the learned pairwise features are fused at the score level. Experiments are performed on a newly constructed mobile iris database which contains 6000 images of 200 Asian subjects. Their iris images of left and right eyes are obtained simultaneously at varying standoff distances. Experimental results demonstrate OMs features and pairwise features are highly complementary and effective for iris recognition on mobile devices.


The ability of several fungal strains to degrade and to detoxify cork boiling wastewaters was investigated. The fungal strains used in this work were Sporothrix sp., Trichoderma koningii, Chrysonilia sitophila and Penicillium glabrum isolated from cork bark as well as Fusarium flocciferum and Phanerochaete chrysosporium. The results obtained in the degradation experiments carried out with each fungus showed that all fungi display similar abilities, with a chemical oxygen demand reduction of 54.2 % (± 4.7 %) attained within five days of incubation. F. flocciferum presented the highest value for the reduction of chemical oxygen demand of 62 %. In addition, a rise in pH values of around 3 units was detected with all the strains, except for Penicillium glabrum. Toxicity tests performed on Vibrio fischeri revealed that fungal treatment of the wastewaters causes the complete loss of toxicity in the cases of Sporothrix sp., T. koningii, P. chrysosporium and F. flocciferum. The other two tested strains were also able to detoxify the raw wastewaters, causing a ten‐fold decrease in toxicity. The results obtained in sequential biodegradation experiments with different pairs of fungi showed that although the increment in the COD reduction did not exceed 10 %, an important reduction in toxicity and a pH rise were attained.


Dr. Wendy Manning, Advisor Using the 2002 National Survey of Family Growth, this study investigates the relationship between socioeconomic status, fertility and union history with cohabitor's marital expectations, focusing on the race/ethnicity and nativity status differential in marital expectations. The results indicate that marital expectations do differ by race/ethnicity. First, for women, Black cohabitors have lower marital expectations than Whites. For men, Black cohabitors share similar marital expectations as Whites. Second, White men have lower marital expectations than native-born Hispanic male cohabitors, while White women and native-born Hispanic female cohabitors share similar marital expectations. Lastly, for men and women, foreign-born Hispanics have lower marital expectations than native-born Hispanics. These differences in marital expectations are not explained by socioeconomic status, fertility or union history; however socioeconomic status and fertility history have a significant relationship with marital expectations. This study supports the use of a couple level indicator of race/ethnicity and the importance of measuring nativity status.


Audit quality usually refers to the quality that the auditing services accounting firm auditors provide to an enterprise in the form of an audit report. This study empirically analyzes the impact mechanism of smog pollution on audit quality, based on the data of A-share listed companies in the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges during the period 2013 to 2017 and the air quality monitoring data released by the China National Environmental Monitoring Centre covering the period 2013 to 2018. First, the empirical results show that smog pollution can lead to a decline in audit quality. Second, audit time plays a partial mediating role in the relationship between smog pollution and audit quality. Further analysis indicates that the negative impact of smog pollution on audit quality and the intermediary role played by audit time are only significant in the sample of "top 10" accounting firms. Third, the enterprise′s internal control level positively moderates the mediating effect of audit time on smog pollution and audit quality.


The invention discloses an anti-dazzle UV curing resin coating for an LCD display screen. The coating comprises, by weight, 50-75 parts of ultraviolet light curing resin, 30-65 parts of solvent, 0.5-2 parts of photoinitiator, 0.2-0.5 part of anti-dazzle particles and 1-3 parts of auxiliary agents. The ultraviolet light curing resin comprises high-functionality-degree polyurethane acrylate resin, medium-functionality-degree polyurethane acrylate resin and organosilicone modified acrylate resin; the weight ratio of the high-functionality-degree polyurethane acrylate resin to the medium-functionality-degree polyurethane acrylate resin to the organosilicone modified acrylate resin is (2-3): (3-4): 1. When the coating is applied to the surface of a transparent substrate of the LCD display screen, a coating formed after UV curing is great in scratch resistance, high in hardness and good in abrasion resistance, and good anti-dazzle performance is achieved.


The increasing focus on Power Quality issues over recent years has identified a wide gap between the quality of supply Distribution companies can deliver economically and the requirements of customers' equipment. Of particular concern is the impact of reflected voltage dips on customer sensitive equipment. United Energy has implemented an economic network solution that will help to improve the voltage dip performance during network faults. This paper discusses the automatic Bus-Tie Open Scheme that United Energy has successfully implemented on two of its 66/22kV zone substations supplying major industrial customers. This scheme improves voltage dip performance by switching the network at the onset of a fault, then restoring the network immediately after the fault. So as not to compromise system reliability, interlocks are incorporated into the scheme. An analysis of the performance of the scheme is given, and discussion of how future enhancements of the scheme could further improve Power Quality for sensitive customers.


Aim: The study of dental morphological features is important in anthropological researches, because it can provide information on the dental variations within a specific population. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of Carabelli trait in Iranian adolescents. Subjects and Methods: In this descriptive study, 500 individuals (aged 15-49 years) were examined. Direct intraoral examination was done, morphological details of the crown, and sex of the subjects were recorded and Dahlberg classification system was used. Hydrocolloid impressions were taken and the study was repeated on the dental casts. The resultant data were compared with the clinical data. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests were used for data analysis (α = 0.05). Results: The prevalence of the trait was 96.6%, with significantly different distribution between males and females. Class 6 was the most frequent configuration (28.4%) and Class 1 was the least frequent (6.2%). Conclusions: The frequency of the trait was higher than that in other reports, but nearly similar to that of European groups.


A new online modeling method based on adaptive local learning and least squares support vector regression was proposed for nonlinear multi-input multi-output processes.Both distance measure and angle measure were used to evaluate the similarity between data,thus a more comprehensive and relevant set was constructed.In the present method,the model parameters were optimized online by using the fast leave-one-out criterion.In addition,an online adaptive model selection strategy for modeling of fermentation processes was developed.Simulations on a fed-batch streptokinase fermentation process showed that the active biomass and streptokinase concentrations could both be predicted simultaneously just from the second batch.The results also showed that the proposed method was more accurate and adaptive compared with the alternative modeling methods.


This paper explores the relationship between research and practice in management accounting. It reviews the causes of a gap in communication between the researcher and practitioner constituencies and makes some proposals on how closure of this gap might be commenced.


Bacterial infection is the most common cause of excess morbidity and mortality in patients who require endotracheal intubation or tracheostomy. The normal lung is sterile distal to the central carina, despite the daily inoculation of bacteria. Aspiration of liquids is prevented by reflex closure of the glottis following stimulation of receptors in the larynx and trachea and by the vigorous coughing that such stimulation evokes. Impairment of mucociliary function and mucus hypersecretion leads to pooling of secretions in the airways of intubated patients. Bacteria presented to the lung in a liquid bolus, such as contaminated upper-airway secretions, are cleared more slowly than bacteria presented as aerosols. Colonization by gram-negative bacilli (GNB) and other cextends to multiple contiguous sites including the oropharynx, endotracheal tube, tracheobronchial secretions, and stomach. Tracheobronchitis can be diagnosed when secretions become purulent, usually associated with an increased volume, viscosity, or both, with no new infiltrates visible on the chest radiograph. Tracheobronchitis frequently precedes nosocomial pneumonia in patients with endotracheal tubes or tracheostomies. Respiratory infection in patients with artificial airways is a dynamic process with virtually continuous inoculation of the airways with a changing bacterial flora, most of which is contained by lung defenses but with varying degrees of resultant inflammation. Sinusitis is clearly associated with an increased risk of nosocomial pneumonia, presumably due to the likelihood of aspiration of grossly infected material into the distal airways.


This review considers piecewise polynomial functions, that have long been known to be a useful and versatile tool in numerical analysis, for solving problems which have solutions with irregular features, such as steep gradients and oscillatory behaviour. Examples of piecewise polynomial functions used include splines, in particular B-splines, and Hermite functions. Spline functions are useful for obtaining global approximations whilst Hermite functions are useful for approximation over finite elements. Our aim in this review is to study quintic Hermite functions and develop a numerical collocation scheme for solving ODEs and PDEs. This choice of basis functions is further motivated by the fact that we are interested in solving problems having solutions with steep gradients and oscillatory properties, for which this approximation basis seems to be a suitable choice. We derive the quintic Hermite basis and use it to formulate the orthogonal collocation on finite element (OCFE) method. We present the error analysis for third order ODEs and derive both global and nodal error bounds to illustrate the super-convergence property at the nodes. Numerical simulations using the Julia programming language are performed for both ODEs and PDEs and enhance the theoretical results.


Objective To analyze quantitatively the time-density curve (TDC) differences between vertebrobasila dolichoetasia (VBD) and normal groups after MSCT perfusion. Methods Fourteen cases of clinical confirmed VBD patients and twenty-two normal volunteers received CT perfusion of head , and the TDC figure of basilar artery was acquired to perform the quantitative analysis. Results The difference of time to peak (TP)between VBD and normal groups was significant (P 0.05. No significant differences of peak of value (PV),slope(S)were found(P 0.05). In VBD patients the positive correlation was found between the diameter of basilar artery and the slope (P 0.05), no association was found between the diameter and TP , PV (P 0.05). Conclusion The quantitative study on the TDC can be used to analyze the hemodynamics of basilar artery in VBD patients.


We show the results corresponding to some theorems of S. Lal and H. K. Nigam [Int. J. Math. Math. Sci. 27 (2001), 555 563] on the norm and pointwise approximation of conjugate functions and to the results of the authors [Acta Comment. Univ. Tartu. Math. 13 (2009), 11 24] also on such approximations.


Reading first is an ideological activity, more intricate than the mass media and the School are determined that it is; and the texts are the results of many and different ideological appropriations. To be aware and to pay attention about this become crucial. Why we are just reading that we are reading? Why we have not chosen to read anything different? Which of our resolutions have been really ours in this course of repeated ideological appropriations? Being conscious about this become actually crucial, especially if we want to lead the way of our reading; if we want to star our own reading experience. Because of listening to some music, observing works of art, reading books –per se, without discerning– are not worth; we can even become worse than we were; as reading –or listening to, or looking at– is not a miraculous –or magical– achievement –behaviour–. It depends of how we read some text, and why –or what for– exactly we are just reading this text and not another one.


The Ca755 solid tumor in the C57B1 mouse has been used as a model to study the interrelationship of surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy on primary tumor growth.


Machine-type-communications (MTC) are crucial in the evolution of mobile communication systems. Within this context, we distinguish the so-called massive MTC (mMTC), where a large number of devices coexist in the same geographical area. In the case of sensors, a high correlation in the collected information is expected. In this letter, we evaluate the impact of correlation on the entropy of a set of quantized Gaussian sources. This model allows us to express the sensed data with the data correlation matrix. Given the nature of mMTC, these matrices may be well approximated as rank deficient. Accordingly, we exploit this singularity to design a technique for switching off several sensors that maximizes the entropy under power-related constraints. The discrete optimization problem is transformed into a convex formulation that can be solved numerically.


It is generally known that children are sexually abused and harassed on a large scale. Let us just mention two examples that will illustrate issues to be raised in this contribution. The organisation End Child Prostitution in Asian Tourism, which was founded in 1990, estimates that one million children are involved in sex business in Asia, with 300,000 in both India and Thailand (Los Angeles Times, 13 July 1994). And on the basis of an analysis of 19 large-scale researches, Finkelhor (1994) concludes that at least 20% of American women and 5-10% of American males have been sexually abused in their youth. In 90% of the cases the perpetrator was male. Moreover, 70-90% of the perpetrators were an acquaintance of the child. The motives for having sex with children are rather divergent. For example, some men believe that this form of sex promotes their health eventually, while others hope to avoid the danger of a deadly infection in this way. Again, others are incestuous fathers or have a paedophile disposition. In Western societies we mostly have to deal with the latter categories. In this contribution we will take paedophilia and incest as paradigm cases of, respectively, 'sex with children' and child sexual abuse. 'Incest' and 'paedophilia' are two different terms: 'incest' refers to 'sexual intercourse between two persons regarded as too close to marry each other', whereas 'paedophilia' is defined as a sexual disposition, as 'sexual love directed towards children' (Oxford Engfish Dictionary). Given the issues we will raise in this article, we have to further specify the former term. Following Becker (1994, p. 176) we take 'incest' to refer to sexual acts, which may or may not include intercourse, between members of a family other than husband and wife. Incest may occur between two adults, but in this contribution we will restrict ourselves to sexual acts between adults and children. The two terms, so it seems, have different descriptive meanings and do not necessarily refer to the same class of persons; paedophiles need not necessarily be involved in incestuous relationships and adults who have sex with their pubescent children are not necessarily paedophiles. However, according to Abel et al. (1988), there probably is a considerable overlap between the two classes. His research data raise serious doubt regarding the presupposition that the perpetrators form two distinct groups. In this study of 159 involved in incest, 49% also had extra-familial sex with girls and 12% with boys. Besides, 19% of these perpetrators had also raped women. The supposition that men have incestuous relations as a result of familial relational problems can be disputed since a majority of those


In this paper, the design of the booking system of the online hospital registration based on the B/S model is introduced. This system accesses database through both ASP and ADO technology. This system implements the following functions: the inquiry about hospital dynamic clinic time table on the net; the overall inquiry about registering, making an appointment, canceling registration and the booking register for patients remotely; the clinic management of adjusting clinic time table, registering authority, and fetching number etc. inside the hospital.


The authors of this research analyse assumptions to including organic food in the gastronomic offering of Istrians agritourism. They assume that gastronomic offering of Istrian agritourism that includes organic food would be more acceptable and competitive on the tourist market. The authors analyse their assumptions using surveys conducted in 2007 and 2008 on tourists in Istra to learn whether they prefer organic food, does organic food match modern tourist trends, and are they willing to pay more for it.


A synthetic approach has been developed to in situ construct a new hierarchical nanostructure as an ideal biocompatible and bacteriostatic implant. A highly porous nano-network made of sodium titanate is first formed on the titanium surface by hydrothermal treatment. Silver ions are then inserted between the layered titanate lattices to form silver titanate via ion-exchange with sodium ions. Finally, silver ions are reduced by glucose, leading to the in situ growth of Ag nanoparticles that are sandwiched between layer-structured hydrogen titanate. The amount and the size of the Ag nanoparticles in the titanate–Ag nanoparticles–titanate sandwich can be adjusted by the concentrations of both the AgNO3 and the glucose solutions. The test results show that the silver ions are completely leached from silver titanate after 7 days of immersion in an aqueous solution. In contrast, the Ag ions continue to be released from the titanate–Ag nanoparticle–titanate sandwich nanostructure after 15 days. This steady and prolonged release characteristic is helpful to the long-standing antibacterial process for prevention of severe infection after surgery. A series of antimicrobial and biocompatible tests have shown that the sandwich nanostructure with a low level of silver loading exhibits a bacteriostatic rate as high as 99.99% while retaining low toxicity against cells. The titanate–Ag nanoparticle–titanate sandwich nanostructure, which is fabricated with a low-cost surface modification method, is a promising implantable material that will find applications in artificial bones, joints and dental implants.


The multiligand receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) of the Ig superfamily transduces the biological impact of discrete families of ligands, including advanced glycation end products, certain members of the S100/calgranulin family, high mobility group box‐1, Mac‐1 (αMβ2, CD11b/CD18), and amyloid‐β peptide and β‐sheet fibrils. Although structurally dissimilar, at least at the monomeric level, recent evidence suggests that oligomeric forms of these RAGE ligands may be especially apt to activate the receptor and up‐regulate a program of inflammatory and tissue injury‐provoking genes. The challenge in probing the biology of RAGE and its impact in acute responses to stress and the potential development of chronic disease is to draw the line between mechanisms that evoke repair versus those that sustain inflammation and tissue damage. In this review, we suggest the concept that the ligands of RAGE comprise a primal program in the acute response to stress. When up‐regulated in environments laden with oxidative stress, inflammation, innate aging, or high glucose, as examples, the function of these ligand families may be transformed from ones linked to rapid repair to those that drive chronic disease. Identification of the threshold beyond which ligands of RAGE mediate repair versus injury is a central component in delineating optimal strategies to target RAGE in the clinic.


Optimism is reflected in the extent to which people hold positive expectation for their future. It is related to the capacity to cope with life hardship and satisfaction. Optimism, coping skills, and life satisfaction are believed to be predictors of future success. This study examined the relationship between optimism, coping skills and life satisfaction as a basis for web-based intervention. The participants totalled to 336 adolescents from 5 public high schools in Central Jakarta. The measure used is Brief Multidimensional Students' Life Satisfaction Scale (BMSLSS), Adolescent Coping Orientation for Problem Experiences (ACOPE) and Domain-Specific Hope Scale (DSHC). The relationship between optimism, coping skills, and life satisfaction was analysed with gender consideration. The result showed that there was a relationship between optimism, coping skills and life satisfaction. The implication for web-based intervention on optimism enhancement was also discussed.


Purpose: Antibiotics are chemical agents that prevent bacterial growth by stopping the bacterial cell from dividing (bacteriostatic) or by killing them (bactericidal). So antibiotics are the integral part of medicines used to insure human and animal health. However, the wide spread use, misuse and overuse of antibiotics in human and animal has raised the concern about the development of resistant bacteria that possess a potential danger to animals and humans. Antibiotic resistant microorganisms have been described as "nightmare bacteria" that "pose a catastrophic threat" to people in every country in the world. So, the aim of this seminar paper is to review on antibiotics resistance and further to recommend on its control measures.
Methods: The use of antibiotics in sub therapeutic doses, non-laboratory oriented therapy and poor storage are some of the factors that engender antibiotic resistance. As there are many different mechanisms in which antibiotics can kill or inhibit the growth and multiplication of bacteria, there are also different mechanisms of resistance in which bacteria developed against antibiotics. The use of antibiotics as growth promoters in food animal producers is significant cause for antibiotic resistance in animals. Even today zoonosis of the resistant strains is able to occur and become a risk to human health. There are guidelines in both human and Veterinary Medicine for rational use of antibiotics. Several new initiatives such as vaccines, bacteriocins, competitive exclusions, bacteriophages and others are being put in place to halt and control the alarming trend of resistance to antibiotics. But, there are still some indications on the misuse of antibiotics by health care providers, unskilled practitioners and drug consumers. Thus, awareness creation should be conducted on rational use of antibiotics in veterinary and medical practice to mitigate the occurrence of antibiotic resistance.


The paper describes results of direct constrained optimization of stator blade axial sweep and circumferential lean for the exit stage of a large power steam turbine, using Nelder-Mead's method of deformed polyhedron. Values of the minimised objective function, that is stage losses with the exit energy are found from 3D viscous compressible computations. Turbulence effects are taken into account using Menter's SST model. Among the optimized parameters are stator and rotor stagger angles, stator straight sweep and straight lean, stator compound sweep at the tip and compound lean at the root, giving the total number of 8 optimized parameters. The blade sections (profiles) are assumed not to change during the optimization. There are constraints imposed on the mass flow rate, exit swirl angle and reactions. A number of optimization runs is reported. First, optimization of the exit stage with stator blade circumferential lean, second, optimization of the stage with stator blade axial sweep, then, the stage is optimized with both sweep and lean of stator blades. In the above tasks, the process of optimization is carried out for a nominal load, however, due to the fact that exit stages of steam turbines operate over a wide range of flow rates away from the nominal conditions, the original and final geometries are also checked for low and high loads. Optimization gives designs with new 3D stacking lines of stator blades, and with significantly increased efficiencies, over large part of the assumed range of load, compared to the original design.Copyright © 2002 by ASME


This essay attempts to establish a theoretical relationship between the choreographic project and the architectural project, pointing out similarities when creating in both disciplines. Through the choreographic analysis of several pieces of Anne Teresa De Keersmaeker´s work, certain design tools will be defined as fundamental elements of her artistic creation. Concepts such as "drawing", "structure", "repetition" and "rhythm", that constitute choreographic strategies and are also used in the architectonical context. Therefore new connections between both fields are suggested. In short, it refers to conceptual parallelisms that can be very useful when creating or understanding one discipline or the other and they help us interpreting the works.


Childhood studies' research, particularly in the UK, has tended to highlight children's agency, with the interest in showing children as 'independent social actors' and as 'beings in their own right'. Recently, childhood studies have been 'troubling' the notion of agency for undervaluing interdependencies. Children's peer relations, friendships and social identities form an important domain, where children's agency and complex interdependencies can be explored. This paper draws on ethnographic research in Scottish early childhood settings, to discuss how children draw upon similarities and differences between themselves – particularly in relation to age/competence, gender and ethnicity – as they negotiate friendship groupings.


Environmental justice concerns about adverse impacts of extractive mining industries challenge their claim of broad-based development. However, empirical evidence of negative externalities attributable to mining enterprises is thin. In this paper, we examine the burden of Acute Respiratory Illness and Malaria among villagers along a gradient of proximity to mining areas to generate evidence pertinent to the debate on environmental health and social justice. By focusing on health outcomes as human development indicators, the study also reflects on whether the 'resource curse' that has been posited at the country level also has micro footprints. The analysis combines 600 household interviews conducted in 20 villages with GIS data on locations of mines and villages in India. Self-reported health data on incidence and workdays lost due to Acute Respiratory Illness and Malaria are outcomes of interest. Estimation results for incidence (Probit) and workdays lost (3SLS and Zero-Inflated Negative Binomial) indicate that villagers living closer to mines reported higher frequency of ARI complications and workdays lost due to Malaria. However, villagers living closer to mines are more likely to be employed in mines, and this in turn positively affects adoption of improved stoves that can potentially reduce indoor air pollution.


This paper critically analyzes the Covid-19 public address discourse by government officials in Kenya with a view to establishing the implications on public attitude and behavior towards fighting the pandemic. The paper utilizes the Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) framework to examine the lexical choices the officials made and their implications for public attitudes and behavior towards the COVID-19 19 pandemic. The argument is that during times of crisis and uncertainty, the public looks up to those in authority for guidance and protection. The authorities also expect the public to comply and obey the government guidelines so as to manage the Covid 19 crisis. Public attitude and behavior therefore become an important component in crisis management, especially during periods of uncertainty occasioned by war and disease outbreaks. Studying language use by those in power is important because language is a powerful force that shapes people's mind and society's attitude and behavior. The study analyzed 90 utterances from key government officials regarding the Covid 19 prevention measures. The texts were extracted from the live briefings from the Audio-visual media in Kenya namely KBC TV, CITIZEN, KTN and NTV. The press briefings were between 3-00pm to 4:00pm on week days. The findings of the study reveal that the government officials perceived the pandemic as war whereas the public viewed it as a falsehood, hence non-existent. The findings of this study would be useful in shedding light on the role language plays in managing risks during times of crisis and uncertainty occasioned by pandemics such as the Covid-19


Deng Xiaoping's far-reaching thought on social development ,fully contained in his theory of building so- cialism with Chinese characteristics, is of dintinct dialectic characteristic. The characeristics are mainly expressed as follows. Firstly, development is the combination of corn and individtality. Secondly, development is the combination of "key- point theory" and "two- point theory". Fourthly, development is the combination of continuity and noncontinuity.


Acknowledgments Literary Celebrity? Earlier Literary Stardom in Canada Margaret Atwood's 'Uneasy Eminence': Negotiating with the Famous Michael Ondaatje and the 'Twentieth-Century Game of Fame' 'Arriving Late as Always': The Literary Celebrity of Carol Shields Walking the Walk: A ConclusionWorks CitedIndex


The 5-pro(R) hydrogen of ornithine is retained in the biosynthesis of clavulanic acid where it assumes the 9-pro(S) position with overall inversion of configuration.


In an attempt to minimize the incidence of the non-pregnant woman undergoing endometrial aspiration, 105 women reporting with short period of amenorrhea -- 10-21 days past the expected menstrual period -- and desiring endometrial aspiration were considered for evaluation at the Medical College Hopsital (Kottayam, India) over the March 1977-December 1977 period. All were parous women, with the majority in the low parity group. A careful pelvic examination was performed to elicit the early pregnancy changes in the uterus and a routine urinary pregnancy test was done. In 105 women early diagnosis of pregnancy was attempted with immunological test, as a preliminary to endometrial aspiration. In the presence of a positive pregnancy test the aspiration was carried out. Of the 64 women who had a positive pregnancy test, 61 were documented to be pregnant by histopathological examination of the aspirate. None of the readily available methods for pregnancy diagnosis can detect pregnancy before the women is at least 10 days past the expected menstrual period. Endometrial aspiration performed within this period becomes a poor and interim procedure of pregnancy termination, with as many as 50% remaining non-pregnant. Immunological test for pregnancy, performed after the 10th day of expected menses, ensures a diagnostic accuracy of 96% for positive results, but negative results are unreliable and carry an error of 20%. Endometrial aspiration performed between 10th and 21st day of expected menses, without a preliminary immunologic diagnosis of pregnancy, ensures a pregnancy termination rate of 86%.


Low Energy Electron Microscopy (LEEM) is a microscopy technique typically used to study surface processes. The sample is illuminated with a parallel beam of electrons under normal incidence and the reflected electrons are projected onto a pixelated detector, where an image is formed.

In the first part of this thesis, we use LEEM to study the behavior of submonolayers of gold on Si(111). After a thorough analysis of the Si-Au system, we describe the behavior of these (sub)monolayers when exposed to alkanethiols.

In the second part of this thesis we move away from pure surface physics and introduce two new applications for LEEM.
The first of these, Low-Energy Electron Potentiometry (LEEP), can be used to visualize electrical conductance. We show that for layered two-dimensional materials we can obtain a higher resolution in LEEP experiments. Finally, in chapter 6, we present a new method to measure the dispersion relation of unoccupied states in two-dimensional layered materials.


In this paper, we present a system for segmentation and classification of breast cancer ROI images by integrating the idea of hierarchical processing of segmentation and classification tasks. The system is composed of a segmentation module and a GCN module, where the GCN module is designed to improve the performance of the classification result. The segmentation module is used to obtain the segmentation masks of the image patches of the ROI image, which are spliced to generate the segmenion result of the ROI image. The GCN module is used to capture the spatial and semantic dependencies among image patches of the ROI image, by constructing the graph using the segmentation masks of the image patches. Based on the learned features by the GCN module, the classification result of the ROI image can be obtained. Experimental results on the grand challenge on BreAst Cancer Histology images (BACH) 2018 dataset [17] show that, the proposed segmentation and classification method outperforms the winner of BACH 2018 significantly, which demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed method.


Purpose This article describes the World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) and its application to speech, language, and hearing. The art...


TiO2 nanomaterials are the research hotspots among recent nanotechnologies,and those are demonstrated having the crucial application prospects in the solar light photocatalytic splitting water into hydrogen,the photocatalytic reduction of CO2,as well as dye-sensitized solar cells.This article mainly reviewed recent research trends of TiO2-based nanomaterials,the existing problems,and the advances in the clean energy utilization.Especially,the hot research issues such as non-metallic element doping,high energy facets exposed titania,and compact film for dye-sensitized solar cells,were commented and prospected.


Abstract : In this program, a class of mm-wave resonant tools known as surface resistance analyzers were evaluated for their ability to detect corrosion and extract information on corrosion products. The study was performed primarily on aluminum alloys exposed to salt fog conditions although a high temperature material sand steel alloys were also measured. The results on detection were uniformly encouraging. Statistically significant deviations in surface resistance were reported prior to visible corrosion products appearing. Incipient stress-related cracks around rivet holes were also detected on length scales of 0.1 mm. Complex permittivity data was extracted for the corrosion products and was used to estimated thicknesses, impurity levels, and composition changes during different exposure conditions. Incipient corrosion was also detected underneath several varieties of paint. The results suggest that this may be a useful measurement tool for the detection and analysis of corrosion in an aircraft maintenance environment. jg


The microstructure of SiCP/FVS1212 composite prepared by spray deposited and hot pressing-rolling was studied.The effects of annealing treatment on hardness were investigated.The results show that SiCP/FVS1212 composite has excellent elevated temperature mechanical properties,such as σb,σ0.2 and δ is 248.6 MPa,220.95 MPa and 3.16% at 350℃,and is 232.6MPa,127.75MPa and 3.42%at 400℃,respectively.In addition,the composite holds good heat resistant property,the hardness has no evident decline after annealing at 550 ℃ for 200 h or 600 ℃ for 10 h.The good elevated temperature mechanical properties should mainly attribute to the formation of spherical Al12(Fe,V)3Si dispersed phase particulates in aluminum matrix.The additions of SiC particles also play an important role in improving elevated temperature properties.


In the present study we have investigated the chemical composition of the essential oils extracted by the procedure of hydrodistillation, from fresh flowers of Matricaria Chamomilla L. and Achillea Millefolium from Romania, two genres belonging to the same family, Asteraceae. The obtained essential oils were analyzed using the techniques of Gas Chromatography coupled with Mass Spectrometer and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. It was found that both essential oils were dominated by the presence of terpenes. Aliphatic components were modest represented in both essential oils. The results were compared with those reported by other authors. Similarities consist in the domination of the same class of compounds and in the same modest representation of others. One of differences consists in the presence of some compounds with significant medicinal role, which were not reported by other authors. Another difference consists in the presence of some compounds in higher concentrations than those reported by other authors.


This paper addresses the problem of controlling a vehicle motion system by continuously adjusting the brake torque. A full-order model which consists of the vehicle motion subsystem, wheel dynamics, and servo-valve hydraulic actuator is under consideration. Based on the varying dynamic structure of the system, the controllers are designed for two cases. The first case, i.e., when the slip rate is small, considers the trajectory tracking control for stopping of vehicle motion, and an adaptive control scheme is developed. In the second case, i.e., when the slip rate is large, rapid reduction of slip rate is deemed as the control target so that an adaptive sliding mode control is proposed to achieve such a goal. Finally, due to unknown changing condition, a composite form of the above-mentioned controllers is then constructed by applying the fuzzy composition concept. Asymptotic stability of the overall system is confirmed via Lyapunov stability theorem and is also demonstrated by computer simulations.


A recent case-control study conducted in King County, Washington, has implicated cigarette smoking in primary tubal infertility. Both cases and controls were questioned about their reproductive, medical, contraceptive, and sexual histories as well as on personal hygiene, demographic characteristics, and tobacco and alcohol use. Adjustments were made for the confounding effects of IUD use, number of sexual partners, and family income. Study results indicated that women who smoked at the time they started trying to become pregnant were 2.7 times more likely to have primary tubal infertility than nonsmokers. The magnitude of risk was influenced by the age at which the woman began smoking, the number of years she smoked and the average number of cigarettes smoked/day. The relative risk for women who began smoking before age 16 years and for those who smoked for more than 5 years was 4 times that of nomsmokers. On the other land, women who had qit smoking before trying to conceive had virtually no increased risk of tubal infertility. Women who had used the Dalkon Shield and smoked at the time they tried to conceive were 6.7 times more likely to have primary tubal infertility than women who had never smoked or used an IUD. However, women who had used a copper IUD were at little or no increased risk. Current smokers who had had more than 5 sexual partners were more than 5 times at risk of primary tubal infertility than nonsmokers with 4 or fewer sexual partners. These findings have led to speculation that smoking may have some relationship to infection with sexually transmitted diseases. Specifically, it has been suggested that smoking may exert a direct effect on the immune system, making it easier for sexually transmitted pathogens to enter the system. It is urged that women who plan to have children should be advised not to smoke, especially if they use a noncopper IUD or have many sexual partners.


In view of the problems existed in the traditional experimental teaching of assembly language course of mainframe,this paper makes some exploration on the experiment contents,experiment process and experiment evaluation.Following the teaching mode of overturning the classroom,a new experimental teaching model,which takes the students as the center,is constructed according to the teaching mode of flipped classroom,and specific experimental teaching examples and implementation processes are given during the teaching practic.The purpose of the reform is to enable students to master students' hands-on and innovative abilities through practical programming in addition to mastering mainframe hardware knowledge and compiling instructions.


Swing leg retraction reduces touchdown energy losses of running by decreasing foot speed at the moment of ground contact, but does the additional acceleration of the swing leg cost more energy than is saved? To determine whether swing leg retraction can increase the overall energy efficiency of running robots, we find the optimally efficient gaits of a McGeer-like runner over a range of retraction rates. Results show that overall energy usage, including that used to swing the legs, scales with energy loss at touchdown, which is minimized at the retraction rate that zeros foot tangential speed at ground contact. Other benefits of swing leg retraction, such as reduced foot slippage and damaging touchdown forces, are realized simultaneously with optimal energy efficiency.


The catalyzed polycondensations of bis(2-hydroxyethyl) naphthalate were kinetically investigated in the presence of various antimony compounds as a catalyst. The polymerization were investigated with various ligand types of antimony oxides, various concentrations of antimony triacetate and titanium/antimony mixed catalysts. The time to reach the maximum molecular weight was remarkably changed in each case. With increasing the concentration of antimony acetate, the propagation rate was largely increased, while the degradation rate was slightly decreased. It also can be seen that the propagation and degradation rate were larger influenced by the equimolecular titanium/antimony mixed catalyst than other mixed catalysts. The temperature dependence of bis(2-hydroxyethyl) naphthalate with antimony triacetate also has been studied. From the results, it was found that the propagation rate was less influenced by a temperature change than the degradation rate.


With regard to the characteristics of long process, multi-units, cross-logistics and batch production mode, the order planning problem at the steelmaking shop is studied with consideration of the plant-wide process logistics balance. The problem is to allocate the orders to the continuous casters over plan periods such that the semi-finished materials produced by the steelmaking process can be delivered to the downstream hot-rolling and cold-rolling processes on time at required volume. Based on the detailed analysis of unit layout characteristics of the plant-wide process and the order composition information, a hierarchical planning method is proposed to decompose the large-scale planning problem into a set of sub-problems that are sequential solved. For the order batching subproblem, we develop an integer programming model to consolidate orders with small demand into cast-lots by considering the key batching rules. The model is efficiently solved by the optimization solver of CPLEX. For the cast-lot scheduling subproblem, a novel mixed integer programming model is developed by considering the technological constraints, the facility capacity constraints, the logistics balance constraints, the inventory constraints, and the due date constraints. An improved differential evolution algorithm is proposed to solve the cast-lot scheduling subproblem. The main improvement strategy is that the superior individuals within an external archive are further enhanced through a variable neighborhood search mechanism. Computational results on random and practical instances of different scale problems verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.


MANY VARIETIES OF VISORS OR HOODS ARE SEEN MOUNTED ON TRAFFIC SIGNALS WHICH ATTEMPT TO SHIELD THE SIGNAL INDICATION FROM CROSS TRAFFIC. HOWEVER, THERE SEEMS TO BE NO STANDARD VISOR CONFIGURATION IN USE. TRAFFIC AND SAFETY OFFICIALS, WHEN QUESTIONED ABOUT THE PURPOSE OF HOODS, GENERALLY AGREE THAT THEY ARE TO DIRECTIONALIZE THE LIGHTS SO THAT ONLY RIGHT-OF-WAY TRAFFIC IS AFFECTED. THE PROVISIONS OF THE UNIFORM TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES MANUAL ARE QUOTED ON PAINTING AND VISIBILITY AND SHIELDING OF LENS. RECENTLY, A PATENT WAS ISSUED TO THE AUTHOR COVERING A TRAFFIC LIGHT SHROUD WHICH PREVENTS INTERNAL TUBE REFLECTIONS FROM REFLECTING OUTWARDLY. THIS IS ACCOMPLISHED BY THE ADDITION OF INWARDLY PROJECTING FRUSTOCONICAL BAFFLES SO PLACED THAT EACH BAFFLE IS IN THE SHADOW OF ANOTHER. BAFFLE ANGLES HAVE BEEN SCIENTIFICALLY ARRANGED SO THAT ALL STRAY REFLECTED LIGHT IS CANCELLED OUT, AND THUS THE ONLY LIGHT TO BE EMITTED FROM THE TUBE IS THAT WHICH IS DIRECTLY IN ALIGNMENT WITH THE LENS. PRELIMINARY ENGINEERING INVESTIGATIONS INDICATE THAT INJECTION MOLDED PLASTIC INSERTS MAY BE THE MOST INEXPENSIVE AND PRACTICAL WAY TO EQUIP SIGNAL LIGHTS WHICH PRESENTLY USE HOODS. PROVISIONS HAVE BEEN MADE TO MAKE THE INSERTS IN SECTIONS TO ACCOMMODATE TUBES OF VARYING LENGTHS AND GLARE RESTRICTIVE ABILITIES.


In his paper, Aikin investigates the hypothesis that high latitude O3 distributions near 1 mbar are modified by the precipitation of relativistic electrons. The authors of this comment believe that Aikin's results are based on an incomplete analysis and contain misperceptions regarding studies done by the authors. Aikin's reply follows this comment.


Electric voltages with both polarities were applied to silicon substrates in a hot-filament chemical vapour deposition device to study the biasing effects on deposition of diamond and carbon nanocones. It has been found that positive biasing greatly enhanced diamond nucleation density and improved diamond film quality. On the other hand, negative biasing promotes deposition of dense, well-aligned carbon nanocones. The orientation of the carbon nanocones appears to align with the direction of the electric field lines near the substrate surface.PACS Nos.: 81.15.Gh, 81.05.Uw, 81.07.–b


The convex hull of a finite planar set S has many important applications in civil and architectural projects and in many other fields.Many application problems in computational geometry relate to convex hull.There are many existing algorithms to determine the convex hull of a finite planar set,but some of them are very complicated and some are very difficult to be implemented and coded.Two more efficient algorithms that possess the advantages of simplicity in methodology and easiness in implementation are introduced.


This paper presents a simulation approach to the assessment of incident-induced impacts on a commuting corridor between the western suburbs and the central business district (CBD) area in Brisbane. A microscopic simulation model was calibrated for the study area and used to assess the impacts of simulated incidents on average travel times, speeds, fuel consumption and environmental emissions. The model was found to replicate (under-predict) traffic conditions within 15% of observed volumes on the corridor. The impact of incidents was found to vary with severity (number of blocked lanes) and duration. Incidents blocking both lanes and lasting for 60 minutes resulted in 38% increase in network travel time; 15% increase in fuel consumption and 73% increase in hydrocarbon emissions. Section-specific impacts were more pronounced, resulting in an increase of more than 140% in travel times for an incident blocking the fast lane and lasting for 15 minutes on Coronation Drive. These impacts are expected to be greater on networks operating at or near capacity. The results reported in this paper demonstrate the feasibility of the approach and provide directions to extend the model's capabilities in evaluating the effectiveness of incident management plans in the study area.


This report describes the results of a successful two-phase interlaboratory comparison between Georgian National Agency for Standards and Metrology (GeoSTM), Czech Metrology Institute (CMI) and Slovak Metrology Institute (SMU) denoted as COOMET.M.P-S4. The ranges of the absolute pressure from 0 MPa to 7 MPa and gauge pressure from 0 MPa to 2 MPa were chosen as the most suitable for a mutual comparison. A digital pressure gauge, DHI RPM4 served as a transfer standard in both phases. Firstly, bilateral interlaboratory comparison (BILC) between two participants, CMI (pilot and reference laboratory) and GeoSTM, started in March 2017 and finished in April 2017. Secondly, interlaboratory comparison (ILC) between three participants, CMI (pilot and reference laboratory), SMU (co-reference laboratory) and GeoSTM, started in October 2018 and finished in February 2019. SMU took part only in the absolute pressure comparison. Main text To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/. The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).


The problems about experimental verifications of elliptically polarized light is discussed. Some existing mistakes in the statements even in concept in some text books of experiments are analyzed.


Understanding the characteristics of synthetic mobility models is important for the design and analysisof routing schemes for mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). This is especially true for mobile opportunistic networks where node mobility is utilized to achieve message delivery. In this paper, we study the properties of common mobility models. Specifically, we analytically show that inter-contact times of mobile nodes can be closely approximated as exponentially distributed in Random Waypoint and Random Direction mobility models under typical opportunistic network settings. Analytical and experimental results are presented.


The present invention is provided in order to evacuate the at least two, preferably at the first pump set (P1), and a second lock chamber provided in order to exhaust the 2 or 3 the two lock chamber (lock chambers), the first lock chamber the present invention relates to multi-stage lock chamber having a two-pump set (P2, P3). A first set of pump (P1) is used not only as a first lock chamber sikimyeo evacuating the second lock chamber, or a combination thereof, pre-pumping of the second pump set stand (stand pumping). In addition, the second pump set and / or the first pump pumps the third set (P4) which can be used as the spare stand for pumping sets are provided integrally. Alternatively or additionally, there is provided at least one of the buffer unit (buffer unit), which has a buffer volume (volume buffer) that is used to create an abrupt pressure drop inside the lock chamber by pressure equalization. Therefore, the clock cycle (clock cycles) and cycle time (cycle time) for so as to reduce the reduce or inflow process and through pressure during a given clock cycle or the cycle times given in the exhaust process, all respectively, according to the requirements of the other lock chamber it is possible to adjust the pumping capacity of the pump set. Lock chamber, the pump set, the buffer unit, the buffer volume, cycle time, conduit


Exterior view of Sacred Heart School (architect: Natusch & Sons) designed and built in the 1950s. Photograph taken circa 1950s by Wm E Toms. This image shows nearby houses in the foreground.
H&B v23 n10 March 1961
Quantity: 1 b&w original photographic print(s).
Physical Description: Silver gelatin print 243 x 179 mm


Analysts studying the unemployment experiences of population members often have access to data collected from a sample of individuals at a point in time which contain the length of the ongoing spell of unemployment for sample members currently unemployed. No information regarding the lengths of ongoing employment spells is collected. This paper considers how such information may be utilized in the estimation of parameters of alternating renewal process models of labor market attachment, in the presence of both observed and unobserved population heterogeneity. A number of models are presented, and estimation is carried out using a CPS-type data set from Italy


This study focuses on developing precise machine learning (ML) regression models for predicting energy bandgap values based on chemical compositions and crystal structures. The primary aim is to match the accuracy of predictions derived from GGA-PBE calculations and validate them through density functional theory (DFT)-based band structure calculations. We assessed eight standalone ML regression models, including AdaBoost, Bagging, CatBoost, LGBM, RF, DT, GB, and XGB. These models were analyzed for their ability to predict GGA-PBE bandgap values across diverse material structures and compositions, using a dataset containing bandgap values for 106,113 compounds. Additionally, we constructed four ensemble models using the stacking method and seven using the bagging method. These ensemble models incorporated RidgeCV and LassoCV to explore if ensemble techniques could enhance prediction accuracy. The dataset was divided into subsets of varying sizes: 10,000, 25,000, 50,000, and 100,000 entries. We determined feature importance through permutation techniques and established a correlation coefficient matrix using the Pearson correlation method. The Random Forest (RF) model emerged as the top performer among standalone models, achieving an R2 value of 0.943 and an RMSE value of 0.504 eV. Bagging regression demonstrated improved performance across different dataset sizes with streamlined feature selection. Ensemble models, particularly bagging, consistently outperformed standalone models, achieving the best R2 value of 0.948 and an RMSE value of 0.479 eV in the test dataset. Using the best-performing model, we predicted bandgap values for new half-Heusler compounds with 18 valence electron counts. These predictions were successfully validated using accurate DFT calculations. DFT calculations indicated that the newly predicted compounds are narrow bandgap semiconductors with dynamic stability.


Bispecific antibody comprising (1) a first binding domain of EpCAM, (2) a second domain binding to CD3, and (3) connecting the first and second linker domain, the the first domain comprises at least one light chain variable region and at least one heavy chain variable region, the light chain variable region comprises three complementarity determining regions as follows: CDR-L1: RASQDISNYLN; CDR-L2: YTSRLHS; CDR- L3: QQGSTLPYT, the heavy chain variable region comprises three complementarity determining regions as follows: CDR-H1: GYTFTYYGMN; CDR-H2: WINTYTGEPTYGDDFKG; CDR-H3: TGRATSFDY.


The predecessor of Daotian Middle School is Hunan Provincial No. 1 Young Ladies' Normal School (also called Daotian Normal School). In 1925 XU Te-li went back after studying in France and served as the principal of Daotian Normal School, where he established a series of reforms and practice of education and instruction until he left Changsha in 1927. From then on Daotian School experienced moving, combination and renamed many times. In 1992 Changsha Daotian Middle School was reconstructed, which breathed new life into the one-hundred-year old school. Xu's revolutionary spirit and educational thought will be handed down from generation to generation in Daotian Middle School.


Despite the infrequent occurrence of cascading power failures, their large sizes and enormous social costs mean that they contribute substantially to the overall risk to society from power failures in the grid. Therefore it is important to accurately understand the risk associated with such events. A cascading event may be triggered by a small subset of k components failing simultaneously or in rapid succession. While most prior work, including our own work into an efficient "Random Chemistry" method for risk analysis, has assumed that components fail independently, this paper proposes a method for deriving correlated outage probabilities such that pairs of branches that are proximate in space are more likely to fail together than distant ones. Combining Random Chemistry risk analysis with this approach to correlated outage probabilities shows that overall blackout risk can greatly increase with even small amounts of correlation. Results from the 2383-bus Polish test case under various load levels illustrate the substantial impact that correlation has on blackout risk.


Emotional intelligence is one of the factors that affect the learning process of students. To know the extent to which has achieved the objectives of learning then required assessment of learning outcomes. The purpose of this study is to determine the correlation of emotional intelligence with the results of learning Indonesian of students. Emotional intelligence is the ability to motivate own self and survive from frustration, controlling impulse, and not exaggerating pleasure, managing moods and keeping stress burden not crippling the ability to think, empathize and pray. The components that exist in emotional intelligence are emotional self-awareness, managing emotions, utilizing emotions productively, empathy and foster relationships. This study is a quantitative research, the instrument used in the form of questionnaires and documentation of learning outcomes of even UTS (Mid Term) in the end of semester (2nd semester) period of learning 2016-2017 on the subjects of the Indonesian language. The data obtained from this study is that there is a correlation between emotional intelligence with learning result of Indonesian language subject the 5th grade student of elementary school group 1 Subdistrict Tampan Pekanbaru as much as 0,501. Medium relationship level and also emotional intelligence give influence to learning result of Indonesian language equal to 25% and 75% determined by other factor.


The purpose of this study is to identify the economic impacts of the recently constructed four-lane highway facility in Wisconsin. A recommended methodology was outlined in a Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) study, Using Empirical Information to Measure the Economic Impact of Highway Investments. The Wisconsin Department of Transportation (WisDOT) followed this methodology and used additional analytical methods, including utilizing geographic information systems (GIS) applications to identify and map businesses along the corridor. Local officials and business leaders in communities along Highway 29 were surveyed to determine the impacts of the highway improvements. Land use or development plans were gathered for current and anticipated economic activity along the highway. Rates of population growth, per capita income, business growth, tourism expenditures, locations of new and expanding manufacturing plants, and average daily traffic (ADT) counts were compared between Highway 29 and the comparison two-lane U.S. Highway 10. Many businesses indicated that the highway improvement reduced travel times and improved the reliability of product delivery. Improved safety, reduction in congestion, and lower freight charges for deliveries were also frequently mentioned benefits. Some downtown businesses continue to have the same customer base, while others are losing customers to businesses in larger communities that are within commuting distance. On the other hand, some businesses attract new customers traveling on Highway 29. The new bypasses on Highway 29 have created business opportunities for more development along the access points in the communities, and reduced traffic levels, mainly of trucks traveling in the downtown areas. Interviews with local property tax assessors indicate an increase in the values of properties sold near the expanded highway. In some cases, the property values increased substantially depending on the type of development.


One of the main problems in visual signal processing is incomplete information owing an occlusion of objects by other objects. It is well known that correlation filters mainly use contour information of objects to carry out pattern recognition. However, in real applications object contours are often disappeared. In these cases conventional correlation filters without training yield a poor performance. In this paper two novel methods based on correlation filters with training for recognition of partially occluded objects are proposed. The methods improve significantly discrimination capability of conventional correlation filters. The first method performs training of a correlation filter with both a target and objects to be rejected. In the second proposal two different correlation filters are designed. They deal independently with contour and texture information to improve recognition of partially occluded objects. Computer simulation results for various test images are provided and discussed.


The auditor profession is a profession that is trusted by the public so that it requires an attitude of accountability, professionalism, and due professional care in ensuring the quality of the resulting audit. This study aims to measure the relationship provided by accountability and professionalism to audit quality with due professional care as a moderating variable. This study uses a quantitative approach. The sample in this study is auditors who work at Public Accounting Firms in the East Surabaya area. The type of data used in this study is primary data in the form of questionnaires filled out by respondents. The analysis technique used is Partial Least Square (PLS). The results of this study indicate that accountability and professionalism are proven to affect audit quality. Due professional care can moderate the relationship between accountability and audit quality, but cannot moderate the relationship between professionalism and audit quality.

Keywords: accountability, professionalism, quality of audit, due profesiional care


Lesser violence might have been the most common crime in late medieval Sweden; however, lethal violence was not unusual. This chapter analyses the violent deeds that led to, or aimed to lead to, another person's death. Arson has also been included when the fire was set with the purpose of causing someone's death. The chapter argues that the legislation on homicide evolved from a male system based on revenge and compensation to a system that sentenced the killer to capital punishment. It demonstrates that the introduction of female criminal liability was uneven and hesitant for homicide: while the younger laws express a will to sentence a woman "like a man", they still tend to be more lenient. Witchcraft is one of the crimes most strongly connected to women in historical research. Witchcraft had a specific status in the Older Vastgota Law with regard to female criminal liability.Keywords: arson; criminal liability; homicide; Sweden; violence; witchcraft; women


The contents of total flavonoids in Polygonum chinese L.from different places were determined by UV-vis spectrometry.The results indicated that the standard curve equation of total flavonoids in P.chinese L.was y=13.65x-0.004 5 and its linear correlation was good in the concn.range of 0.008 64-0.069 12 mg/ml(r=0.999 9);the average recovery was 100.3%,RSD was 2.01% and the determined content of total flavonoids in P.chinese L.sample was 1.60%-3.74%.


We would not take too much of a risk stating that we have to do here with a work which will become permanent &dquo;source material&dquo; for scientific literature as regards physical culture and which it will be difficult to omit in similar research in this field. This book, as the author himself writes, is neither a textbook of the history of sport, nor does it deal with the technique or tactics used for the various branches of sport. Its main content is a search for an answer to the question: how did sport arise'? Why did it appear first in certain countries and environments and not in others? What were the basic social factors which influenced the development of sport and brought about its popularization and which were the circumstances and factors that checked its development? What are the social functions performed by sport and what is the mechanism of their action'? The author gave the answers to these questions in 7 chapters, dealing with the following problems: Chapter 1. The Social Foundations for the Development of Sport in England.


The traditional detection range index prediction of sonar systems assumes a deterministic environment and causes overestimation of the detection range index. The realistic ocean environment consists of a quantitative measure of environmental uncertainty such as sound speed profile, sea depth and so on. An estimation approach that incorporates the effects of environmental uncertainty into the sonar detection range index is proposed in this paper. The sonar detection range index prediction has been implemented by using Monte Carlo simulation. In simulation, the sound speed gradient, sea depth and bottom geo‐acoustic parameters as important uncertainty environmental parameters are generalized to stochastic variables and satisfy the normal distribution. The sonar detection range index with unknown source depth is also considered.


Objective:To evaluate the application of spiral CT scanning and multi-mode three-dimensional(3D) reconstruction in lumbar disc herniation(LDH).Methods:87 patients with LDH detected by computed tomography(CT) and confirmed by operation in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed.The patients were performed several kinds of 3D reconstruction,including multiplanar reconstruction(MPR),shaded surface display(SSD) and virtual endoscopy(VE) for revealing lesions.Results:In this group,L4~5 and L5~S1 were the predilection sites of LDH.The main CT manifestations were the soft tissue shadow backward or laterally protruded to the frontal edge of spinal canal and compressed dural sac.The multi-mode 3D reconstruction not only showed the protrusion and bulging of lumbar disc,but also revealed the diseases of vertebral body,accessories and adjacent tissues.Conclusion:The multi-mode 3D reconstruction of CT has important diagnostic value for diagnosing LDH and lesions of vertebra body,accessories and adjacent tissues.


In a modern plasma etching device, the plasma sheath potential is usually superposed by an externally driven oscillating voltage to enhance and control the bombarding ion energy. A collisionless particle simulation is used to study the variation of average kinetic energy 〈K〉(νrf) of bombarding ions as a function of a wide range of sheath oscillation frequency νrf (0.1νpi⩽νrf⩽10νpi, where νpi is the ion plasma frequency). It is found that a resonance phenomenon between the ion transit motion and the sheath oscillation can yield a strongly peaked enhancement of 〈K〉(νrf) near νrf≃0.5νpi. Ion species with different mass show the peaks at different νrf. The relative importance of different ion molecules in an ion-enhanced etching process will be sensitive to νrf. This phenomenon may allow a reduction of the undesirable capacitive coupling by optimizing νrf to yield an enhanced 〈K〉 of desired ion species at low applied voltages.


Rights forfeiture or liability are not a path to the permissibility of self-defense (not even barring extraordinary circumstances), and the necessity condition is not intrinsic to justified self-defense. Rather, necessity in the context of justification must be distinguished from necessity in the context of rights forfeiture. While innocent aggressors only forfeit their right against necessary self-defense, culpable aggressors also forfeit, on grounds of a principle of reciprocity, certain rights against unnecessary self-defense. Yet, while culpable aggressors would therefore not be wronged by certain unnecessary defensive means, the use of such means against them would still not be justified. The underlying rationale of this necessity requirement lies not in the rights of the aggressor, but in an agent-relative requirement to take fair precautions against violating the rights of the innocent. This concern is also expressed in the necessity criterion defended and formulated in this paper, which is very harsh on aggressors. To wit, the necessity condition for justified self-defense must not be interpreted as requiring the employment of literally the least harmful means or of means that the defender reasonably believes to be, literally, the least harmful ones. What he must believe about the properties and possible effects of the means he employs is something that is much less demanding. Finally, the necessity condition of justified self-defense is also harsh (on the aggressor) in not implying a "success condition" worth its name.


ABSTRACT In this paper, the second harmonic generation in one-dimensional multi-layer LiTaO3 structure has been studied. To study and review the conversion efficiency, fundamental and second harmonic wave propagation inside the designed structures in this paper, we use the transfer matrix method. In the structures investigated due to the existence of the gap, density of passing electromagnetic modes in the edge of the gap and the defect modes is large. Also, the electromagnetic wave velocity is small. These factors produce a strong nonlinear optical interaction.


Three field experiments were conducted in the plot of Technical Centre for Potato and Artichoke during three cropping season  2009, 2010 and 2011.The objective of this research is to evaluate the effect of the partial root-zone drying irrigation technique (PRD) on the dry matter, yield, water consumption and water use efficiency of potato (Spunta Variety). Four treatments were applied from the initiation of tuberisation stage to potato harvesting: FI treatment received 100% of Etc; PRD 80 , PRD 70 , and PRD 60 treatments received respectively: 80, 70 and 60% of FI at each irrigation event and it was shifted between the two sides of the plants every 2 to 10 days. The highest water consumption was observed in FI as 336.5, 376, and 341.8 mm in the 2009, 2010 and 2011 respectively, and the lowest was found in PRD 60 as 280.4, 294.5, and 256.1 mm in the 2009, 2010 and 2011 respectively. The maximum tuber yield was obtained from the FI as 25.6, 42.9 and 39.1 tha -1 , in the 2009, 2010 and 2011 respectively. There was no significant difference between FI and PRD 60 with respect to tuber yields (LSD 5%).The highest water use efficiency (WUE Y ) was found in PRD 60 as 13.4 kg m -3 , in the second experiment (2010) and the lowest was found in PRD 80 as 6.8 kg m -3 in the first experiment (2009). In the other hand, a linear relation between the accumulated total dry matter and the accumulated water consumption was able to be revealed.


To obtain protective nitrogen doped Si-C multilayer coatings on carbon, used to improve the oxidation resistance of carbon, was used TVA method. The initial carbon layer has been deposed on a silic...


Many land cover change detection (LCCD) approaches applied on very high resolution (VHR) remote sensing images utilize spatial information by using a regular window or strict mathematical model. However, regular shape or strict models cannot fit the various shapes and sizes of the ground targets. In this article, a novel LCCD approach without the parameter is proposed to detect land cover change with VHR remote sensing images. First, an adaptive spatial-context extraction algorithm is applied to explore contextual information around a pixel. Second, the change magnitude between pairwise pixels is quantitatively measured by computing the band-to-band distance which is defined by the pairwise adaptive regions around the corresponding pixels. Finally, after the generation of a change magnitude image (CMI), a binary threshold method called double-window flexible pace search (DFPS) is adopted to divide CMI into a binary change detection map. The performance of the proposed approach is verified by comparing it with five state-of-the-art methods with three pairs of VHR images. The comparisons demonstrated that the proposed approach achieved the improved detected results comparing with state-of-the-art LCCD methods. The code of the proposed approach is available at https://github.com/TongfeiLiu/ASEA-CD.


Abstract. Changes in concentration and composition of Iatroscan-measured dissolved lipids were examined at a daily to month scale, in relation to the hydrological and biological context at a central site of the Ligurian sea, NW Mediterranean during the PECHE-DYNAPROC 2 experiment (14 September to 17 October 2004). Lipid concentrations (excluding hydrocarbons) (TLd-HC) and TLd-HC to DOC ratios in the 0–1000 m water column, varied from 5.3 to 48.5 μg l−1 and 0.01 to 0.09, respectively. The highest TLd-HC concentration values were found in the 0–50 m surface layer, coinciding with phytoplankton biomass. Significant correlations (p


In a developing country like India, agriculture is one of the main sectors in terms of income. Good food storage plays a very important role when it comes to food security that is affected by both food loss and food wastage. The losses can be reduced, which will automatically increase the amount of food availability. In this article, we proposed an IoT enabled monitoring system to deploy in remote areas where the accessibility is very minimum for farmers with good storage facilities to reduce food losses and increase food safety. This proposed framework monitors warehouse parameters such as temperature, humidity, CO, motion, vibration, and smoke which is highly affected to grains. The ESP32 WiFi module collects the data from the sensors and this module sends data to Node-red dashboard through MQTT broker. Multiple IoT nodes installed at a different location inside the warehouse and which will give information about the warehouse environment to the farmers through Mobile SMS and E-mail notification.


ABSTRACT Primary-process affective processes emerge largely from subcortical action-perception brain systems that elaborate a variety of emotional-instinctual tendencies. This essay highlights how the nature of affect can be clarified by studying ancient brain operating systems that mediate separation distress, social play, and appetitive seeking in all mammals. No knowledge would have been more valuable as a foundation for true psychological science than an approximate grasp of the common characteristics and possible distinctive features of the instincts. But in no region of psychology were we groping more in the dark. – Freud, Beyond the Pleasure Principle (1920/1959) The question "What is the fundamental nature of affect?" is one of the most important and least studied psychological question in the life sciences. If we could understand the neuro-evolutionary nature of affect, we might better understand all other forms of consciousness. Obviously such issues cannot be addressed cogently without neuroscientific strategies. Here I summarize my approach, which seeks to overlay (to supervene ) basic affective issues onto the intrinsic instinctual emotional systems that evolution constructed into mammalian brains in "deep time" (Panksepp, 1982, 1998a). My overall aim has been to understand the nature of human affective experiences, and this approach is gaining some recognition by investigators of human emotions (e.g., Buck, 1985, 1999; Damasio et al., 2000; Solms & Nersessian, 1999). This synopsis will be largely focused on our work on the topic during the past three decades.


Abstract STUDY QUESTION The objective of this trial is to compare the effectiveness and costs of true natural cycle (true NC-) frozen embryo transfer (FET) using urinary LH tests to modified NC-FET using repeated ultrasound monitoring and ovulation trigger to time FET in the NC. Secondary outcomes are the cancellation rates of FET (ovulation before hCG or no dominant follicle, no ovulation by LH urine test, poor embryo survival), pregnancy outcomes (miscarriage rate, clinical pregnancy rates, multiple ongoing pregnancy rates, live birth rates, costs) and neonatal outcomes (including gestational age, birthweight and sex, congenital abnormalities or diseases of babies born). WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY FET is at the heart of modern IVF. To allow implantation of the thawed embryo, the endometrium must be prepared either by exogenous oestrogen and progesterone supplementation (artificial cycle (AC)-FET) or by using the NC to produce endogenous oestradiol before and progesterone after ovulation to time the transfer of the thawed embryo (NC-FET). During an NC-FET, women visit the hospital repeatedly and receive an ovulation trigger to time FET (i.e. modified (m)NC-FET or hospital-based monitoring). From the woman's point of view, a more natural approach using home-based monitoring of the ovulation with LH urine tests to allow a natural ovulation to time FET may be desired (true NC-FET or home-based monitoring). STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This is a multicentre, non-inferiority prospective randomised controlled trial design. Consenting women will undergo one FET cycle using either true NC-FET or mNC-FET based on randomisation. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Based on our sample size calculation, the study group will consist of 1464 women between 18 and 45 years old who are scheduled for FET. Women with anovulatory cycles, women who need ovulation induction and women with a contra indication for pregnancy will be excluded. The primary outcome is ongoing pregnancy. Secondary outcomes are cancellation rates of FET, pregnancy outcomes (including miscarriage rate, clinical pregnancy, multiple pregnancy rate and live birth rate). Costs will be estimated by counting resource use and calculating unit prices. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) The study received a grant from the Dutch Organisation for Health Research and Development (ZonMw 843002807; www.zonmw.nl). ZonMw has no role in the design of the study, collection, analysis, and interpretation of data or writing of the manuscript. F.B. reports personal fees from member of the external advisory board for Merck Serono, grants from Research support grant Merck Serono, outside the submitted work. A.E.P.C. reports and Unrestricted grant of Ferring B.V. to the Center for Reproductive medicine, no personal fee. Author up-to-date on Hyperthecosis. Congress meetings 2019 with Ferring B.V. and Theramex B.V. M.G. reports Department research and educational grants from Guerbet, Merck and Ferring (location VUMC) outside the submitted work. E.R.G. reports personal fees from Titus Health Care, outside the submitted work. C.B.L. reports grants from Ferring, grants from Merck, from Guerbet, outside the submitted work. The other authors have none to declare. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Dutch Trial Register (Trial NL6414 (NTR6590), https://www.trialregister.nl/). TRIAL REGISTRATION DATE 23 July 2017 DATE OF FIRST PATIENT'S ENROLMENT 10 April 2018


Detailed modeling of the millisecond brightness oscillations during thermonuclear bursts from low-mass X-ray binaries can provide important information about neutron star structure. Until now, the implementation of this idea has not been entirely successful, largely because of the negligible harmonic content in burst oscillation light curves. However, the recent discovery of nonsinusoidal burst oscillation light curves from the accreting millisecond pulsar XTE J1814-338 has changed this situation. We therefore, for the first time, make use of this opportunity to constrain neutron star parameters. In our detailed study of the light curves of 22 bursts, we fit the burst oscillation light curves with fully general relativistic models that include light bending and frame dragging for light curve calculation and numerically compute the structure of neutron stars using realistic equations of state. We find that for our model and parameter grid values, at the 90% confidence level, Rc2/GM > 4.2 for the neutron star in XTE J1814-338. We also find that the photons from the thermonuclear flash come out through the layers of accreted matter under conditions consistent with Thomson scattering and show that the secondary companion is a hydrogen-burning main-sequence star with possible bloating (probably due to X-ray heating).


This paper studies the determinants of university success using a data set collected from a random sample from a Palestinian university. We used multivariate inferential data analysis techniques like factor analysis and multiple linear regression to model the relationship between the variables and compare these models across faculty groups and student seniority at school. The results show that high school grades are strongly associated with university success. The results also show that the next important predictors of university success are "having scholarships", English language proficiency, and class attendance, whereas variables measuring psychological well-being, gender, type of residency, and smoking behavior have only a smaller impact. Moreover, the link between most of these predictor variables and university success is shown to vary substantially across faculties and across the student's seniority level. In some fields of study, some variables are significantly correlated with university success, while in other areas, these same variables are not.


Dodecanethiol-capped gold nanoparticles could spread on water subphase and be transferred by LB technique. The superlattice structure of gold nanoparticles multilayer was discussed.


There are difficulties to get the optimal price of public goods. This study aims to estimate an
optimal price of waste management service by using the household's WTP with the Contingent Valuation
Method and to investigate the relationship between the characteristic of respondents with their WTP. Using a
purposive random sampling technique, 200 households in Bandar Lampung City are selected. Questioners
are designed with 8 options of waste management services with some more reasonable tariff. In principle,
households as beneficiaries will pay what they bid so they must bid less than their true WTP if they want to
obtain surplus from the transaction. The result indicates that household's WTP for waste management
services is 200% higher than before if services are upgraded such waste is picked up every day in the
morning. Other results indicate that the level of education, number of family, job, income, knowledge, and
satisfaction of respondents to waste management services are posit ively correlated with their WTP. The
government should review the tariff policy of waste management service to obtain an optimal price.

Keywords:
Willingness to pay, Waste management services, Tariff, the Contingent valuation method


Background: Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) modified by zebrafish (ZF) encoded glucosaminyl 3-O sulfotransferase-3 (3-OST-3) generate a receptor for herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) entry and spread. In order to elucidate the mechanism by which HSV-1 enters into ZF-3-OST-3 cells, we investigated the mode of viral entry. Results: Under high resolution scanning electron microscopy (SEM), actin cytoskeleton changes were observed by a dramatic increase in the number of filopodia formed during early interactions of HSV-1 with the target cells. While the increase in number was common among all the infected cells, the highest numbers of filopodia was observed in cells expressing the 3-OST-3 modified form of heparan sulfate (HS) encoded either by human or ZF. The levels of viral infection and filopodia induction were reduced with the actin polymerization inhibitors, Cytochalasin-D and Lantriculin B, suggesting an important role for actin reorganization during ZF-3-OST-3 mediated HSV-1 entry. Supporting an interesting possibility of filopodia usage during HSV-1 spread, pre-treatment of cytochalasin D in ZF-3-OST-3 cells drastically reduced virus glycoprotein induced cell fusion. Conclusions: Taken together, our results provide new evidence on the involvement of filopodia during HSV-1 infection of ZF-3-OST-3 cells and confirm a role for modified heparan sulfate in cytoskeleton rearrangement during HSV-1 entry.


PURPOSE: This Coastal and Hydraulics Engineering Technical Note (CHETN) provides a description of a methodology for the computer-based calibration or Parameter Estimation (PE) and corresponding Uncertainty Analysis (UA) for the shoreline change model GenCade developed by the US Army Corps of Engineers (Frey et al. 2012a,b, 2014). This work demonstrates the suitability and benefits of applying the proposed PE and UA methods to GenCade studies using an idealized case as well as a simple field study as a proof of concept. This document is primarily for engineers and decision-makers interested in the implementation of PE and UA in one-line shoreline change models such as GenCade.


Introduction The remediation industry, now three decades old, continues to evolve. This is driven by many factors: technological developments, a need to address emerging contaminants, regulatory changes, economic factors, and sustainability considerations. These have created both challenges and opportunities at different stages of the industry's evolution. Although many things have changed with time, one of the most difficult practical challenges remains—namely, how to deal with large dissolved plumes (referred to as "large plumes" throughout this article). Presumptive thinking emphasizes containment and management of these large plumes rather than focusing on mass removal and site closures. The term large plume obviously highlights scale as being the critically defining attribute; however, it is worth identifying other attributes that are discussed in this article:


The paper states the advantages,characteristics of crude adhesive-TF.Po inting some problems and the resolving way occured in the course of production.


High-spin structures in the neutron-rich $^{108}\mathrm{Tc}$ nucleus have been reinvestigated by measuring the prompt $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-rays from spontaneous fission of $^{252}\mathrm{Cf}$. A previously known collective band has been extended up to higher spin states and a new side band has been identified. These doublet bands are proposed as pseudospin partner bands with configurations $\ensuremath{\pi}1/{2}^{+}[431]\ensuremath{\bigotimes}\ensuremath{\nu}[\stackrel{~}{312} 5/{2}^{+},3/{2}^{+}]$, which is a first identification in $A~100$ region. The particle-rotor model (PRM) was applied to calculate levels and $B(M1)/B(E2)$ ratios of the bands in $^{108}\mathrm{Tc}$. The calculated results are in good agreement with the experimental values.


Amino Acids in Positions 48, 52, and 73 Differentiate the Substrate Specificities of the Highly Homologous Chlorocatechol 1,2-Dioxygenases CbnA and TcbC Shenghao Liu,† Naoto Ogawa,* Toshiya Senda, Akira Hasebe,‡ and Kiyotaka Miyashita National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, 3-1-3 Kan-nondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8604, and Biological Information Research Center (BIRC), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2-42 Aomi, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-0064, Japan


Contents Danksagung 1 Chapter 1. Introduction 5 1. Aims and scope of flow control 5 2. A brief review in active flow control 8 Chapter 2. Notation and preliminary results 15 1. Quasi-Stokes problems 15 2. Instationary Navier-Stokes equations in 2d 16 3. Navier-Stokes numerics 19 Chapter 3. Optimal control of the instationary Navier-Stokes equations 23 1. The optimal control problem 23 2. Derivatives 25 3. First order necessary optimality condition 29 4. Second order conditions 31 Chapter 4. Convergence for second order methods 35 1. Newton's algorithm 36 2. The BFGS method 38 3. Basic SQP–method 39 4. Schur–complement SQP–method 42 5. Reduced SQP–method 44 6. Reduced SQP-BFGS method 47 7. Newton's method for driven-cavity control 49 Chapter 5. Instantaneous control for finite dimensional systems 59 1. Scope of the method 59 2. The model problem 60 3. The instantaneous control strategy 61 4. Discrete and continuous output control laws 63 5. Convergence of the control laws 64 6. An example 68 3 4 CONTENTS Chapter 6. Instantaneous control for the instationary Navier-Stokes equations 71 1. Framework 71 2. Existence and uniqueness of solutions 72 3. Stability of the continuous controller 78 4. Stability of discrete controllers 80 5. Numerical validation 85 Chapter 7. Instantaneous feedback control for backward facing step flows 93 1. Problem formulation 93 2. The optimality system for (P) 95 3. Instantaneous control for boundary controls and boundary observations 97 4. Line search 100 5. Backward-facing-step numerics 103 Appendix A. A general optimal control problem, lemmata and proofs 113 1. A general control problem 113 2. Proof of Proposition 2.1 120 Bibliography 125 CHAPTER 1 Introduction 1. Aims and scope of flow control A general optimal control problem may be subdivided into the following interrelated parts [91]: 1. Problem statement Definition of the goal, cost function or performance index 2. State estimation problem Knowledge of the current state of the system 3. Modelling and system identification Knowledge of how the environment effects the past, present and future of the system 4. Optimization Determination of the best control policy based on parts 1., 2. and 3. Of course, for control problems in fluid flow this frame has a mathematical and an engineering component. From the engineering point of view it often is desirable to minimize drag, increase mixing, reduce turbulent kinetic energy and so forth in a channel, say. Engineers measure these quantities using micro-electronical devices …