The article presents an analysis of a clinical  case of a patient  of 76 years, describes the key links  in the pathogenesis of Kaposi's  sarcoma  virus,  and  the  modern concept of participation in the pathogenesis of the disease. A feature of this clinical  observation was the  development of the  disease on the background of the functional immunosuppression, which developed because of old age. Besides the standard protocol of conducting a similar  profile  of patients therapy led to the development of side  effects. In turn,  the optimization of the therapeutic protocol  has  allowed to avoid  side  effects from the  treatment, continue therapy led  to  complete convalescence.


An uncertainty analysis for eight fast integral benchmark experiments was performed to find the most consistent set of values for both the integral and differential data as well as their associated covariances. Extensive covariance data including inelastic scattering for /sup 238/U and uncertainties in the fission spectrum temperature were used in the adjustment. The resulting covariance for the adjusted data was folded with calculated performance parameter sensitivities for a two-dimensional model of a conventional homogeneous plutonium-oxide fueled fast breeder reactor. Based on the estimated covariance files it was found that the inclusion of integral experiment data reduced the uncertainty in the static breeding ratio to the design goal of two percent. Some apparent inconsistencies in the data were alleviated by including in an approximate way the effect of methods, uncertainties, and other possible systematic errors.


I give a critical review of the holographic hypothesis, which posits that a universe with gravity can be described by a quantum field theory in fewer dimensions. I first recall how the idea originated from considerations on black hole thermodynamics and the so-called information paradox that arises when Hawking radiation is taken into account. String Quantum Gravity tried to solve the puzzle using the AdS/CFT correspondence, according to which a black hole in a 5-D anti-de Sitter space is like a flat 4-D field of particles and radiation. Although such an interesting holographic property, also called gauge/gravity duality, has never been proved rigorously, it has impulsed a number of research programs in fields as diverse as nuclear physics, condensed matter physics, general relativity and cosmology. I finally discuss the pros and cons of the holographic conjecture, and emphasizes the key role played by black holes for understanding quantum gravity and possible dualities between distant fields of theoretical physics.


Objective To study the effect of Pneumocystis carinii(PC) infection on the levels of five trace elements (Zn++?Cu++?Fe++?Mg++?Ca++) in the spleen of rats. Method 51 rats were random divided into experimental group and control group. Rats in the experimental group were injected subcutaneously with dexamethasone(2 mg) twice a week and the rats in the control group were not treated. Eight weeks after injection,spleens were removed and trace metals were determined usingatomic absorption method. Lung tissue sections were stained with Wright-Giemsa′s stain. Result Histochemical staining of lung tissues revealed that 51.2% of rat was infected. Infection was not observed in control rats. The level of Zn++ (29.72 μg/g dry weight) and Mg++ of (147.05 μg/g dry weight) in spleens of the infected rat was significantly lower than the control rat (Zn++, 37.59 μg/g; Mg++, 181.90 μg/g; P 0.05). No significant difference on the content of Cu++(7.34 μg/g), Fe++ (1052.50 μg/g) and Ca++ (317.21 μg/g) was observed between the experimental and control group. Conclusion The levels of Zn++ and Mg++ of in the spleen of PC infected rats were reduced. Pneumocystis carinii infection mightaffect the levels of trace elements in rats.


Objective The aims of the study were to evaluate, after pregnancy, the glycemic status of women with history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and to identify clinical variables associated with the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), impaired fasting glucose (IFG), and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). Methods Retrospective cohort of 279 women with GDM who were reevaluated with an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) after pregnancy. Characteristics of the index pregnancy were analyzed as risk factors for the future development of prediabetes (IFG or IGT), and T2DM. Results: T2DM was diagnosed in 34 (12.2%) patients, IFG in 58 (20.8%), and IGT in 35 (12.5%). Women with postpartum T2DM showed more


The invention discloses an authentication method and device of a local area network terminal. The authentication method of the local area network terminal comprises the steps that an authentication request sent by the terminal in a first virtual local area network is received; the authentication request is verified; if the authentication request passes verification, address information of a second virtual local area network is obtained, and the address information is distributed to the terminal, so that the terminal can access to the second virtual local area network according to the address information. According to the authentication method and device of the local area network terminal, a local area network is divided into a credible virtual local area network and an incredible virtual local area network, AP isolation is arranged in the incredible virtual local area network, so that the terminal in the incredible virtual local area network can access to the credible virtual local area networks after passing verification, and therefore safety of the local area network is effectively improved on the premise of not improving cost, and the information safety of the terminal in the local area network is protected.


This paper is a follow-up to the author's series of works about shape modeling for an orthotropic elastic material that takes an equilibrium form inside the area with the specified boundaries. V.M. Gryanik and V.I. Loman, based on thin shell equilibrium equations, solved about 30 years ago a similar problem for an isotropic mesh attached to rigid parabolic edges. With a view to extend modeling to orthotropic materials (and other boundary contours), the author in his publications of 2016–2017 proposed an approach to the problem based on the application of surfaces with a constant ratio of principal curvatures. These surfaces are called pseudo-minimal surfaces. A partial differential equation that defines (in the local sense) a class of pseudo-minimal surfaces is very complex for analysis. However, for some classes of surfaces, the analysis is greatly simplified, notably, the analysis can be performed without this inconvenient PDE, but with the method of moving frames. The author is referring to a class of ruled surfaces. This class is interesting not only due to the aforesaid but also due to an evident interest manifested by architects and builders. However, one should discuss not the pseudo-minimal ruled surfaces (they exist but are obviously trivial) but an invariant (principal curvatures ratio), which is not an identical constant on a given surface but its contour lines coincide with the lines of some invariant family. Roughly speaking, there are surfaces whose pseudo-minimal condition is satisfied identically, and surfaces that are pseudo-minimal "in a limited sense"—lengthways the lines of a certain family, internally connected with the surface. The article finds that the role of such a family can be obviously played by "equidistant" lines for the striction line of a skew ruled surface, and rays are the carriers of such a ruled surface, they form a regulus with constant Euclidean invariants.


The authors in this book provide a nontechnical approach for practitioners, academics, and students of regulation who are interested in the role of institutions in labor markets. Taken together, the detailed case studies in the book indicate that an increase in the availability of service providers or enhanced competition does not have negative effects on the quality of the services provided, prices, or survey measures of consumer satisfaction.


To study the significance of changes of serum level of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor(GM-CSF) in diabetes patients,the serum levels of granulocyte-macrophage colony sensitivity factor in 89 patients with diabetes and 86 health controls were determined by RIA.The results showed that the serum level of GM-CSF in diabetes Patients was significantly higher than those in the controls(P0.01).The serum level of GM-CSF in patents with coalition kidney function damage and combination infection was higher than those patients without complication(P0.05).The detection of the serum level of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor is helpful for evaluation the kidney function damage and combination infection in diabetes patients.


In order to improve the stability of artificial fertilization of Yellow catfish(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco),sperm motility,fertilization rate and hatching rate were evaluated in the experiment of artificial fertilization in 6 levels(ranged from 0% to 0.5%) of hypotonic solution by the methods of synchronous activation of eggs and sperm and pre activation of sperm respectively.The results showed that,hypotonic solution concentration was closely related to sperm motility,sperm activating rate and fertilization rate.In the same concentration of hypotonic solution,fertilization rate by using pre activation of sperm was significantly higher than that by using synchronous activation of eggs and sperm(P0.05),fertilization rate increased by 7.7%~14.5% accordingly.Hypotonic solution concentration and method of artificial fertilization had no significant impact on hatching rate.The results indicated that pre activation of sperm in 0.3% hypotonic solution had the best effect.


This article discusses, from an evaluator's point of view, the uses and utility of evaluation in inter-governmental contexts. Empirical data are drawn from the current evaluation of the European Social Fund's (ESF) Objective 3 programme in France.1 It cannot be expected that the evaluator alone is in a position to assess whether the various stakeholders' expectations have been met in a satisfactory manner. However, the evaluator's mission undoubtedly includes accountability and consideration of the ways in which research is used, contributing to evaluation design and to the process and the scope of findings.2 The expectations of the partners involved in the French ESF evaluation will first be analysed in order to highlight the evaluator's contribution. It is argued that, potentially, the benefits of evaluation extend beyond strictly satisfying the expressed needs of direct partners. An inter-governmental context tends to be favourable for such an extension.


In this paper, we present an application of wavelet analysis on feature points matching. Wavelet coefficients which produced by wavelet transform can best display part character of the image. Through the new feature description and feature matching method, we can build a feature point database for each image and improve the efficiency of feature points matching. The experimental results show that this method is practicability, feasibility, good precision and fast speed.


To determine whether obesity, onychomycosis and type 2 diabetes mellitus are risk factors for onychocryptosis. Determine frequency in obesity, onychomycosis and type 2 diabetes mellitus in patients with and without onychocryptosis, then we compared the frequencies in both groups.
Material and methods: We conducted a case-control study that included 43 newly diagnosed patients with onychocryptosis and 105 controls seen at the Dermatology Department of Hospital Regional Docente de Trujillo-Peru, between April 2013 and March 2014, Patients with the selection criteria were interviewed. The ratio between cases and controls was 1: 3. For analysis the program SPSS v. 19.0 was used.
Results: We determined, the obesity is risk factor in adults with onychocryptosis (OR 6.61 - 95% CI 2.95-14.79) and onychomycosis (OR 8.17 – 95 CI 3.79-17.60). In relation with type 2 diabetes mellitus, not shown to be risk factor (OR 1.33 - 95% CI 0.58-3.06). Logistic regression analysis showed that onychomycosis was the most important risk factor.
Obesity was more frequent in patients with onychocryptosis (cases: 46.5% vs controls. 11.6%), onychomycosis (cases: 65.1% vs controls. 18.6%) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (cases: 23.2 vs controls. 18.6%).
Conclusion: Obesity and onychomycosis are risk factors in adults with onychocryptosis. Obesity, onychomycosis and type 2 diabetes mellitus are more common in patients with onychocryptosis


Introduction: Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) is a well-known complication of solid organ transplantation, and similar lymphoid neoplasms are seen in patients immunosuppressed for the treatment of autoimmune conditions or with untreated HIV/AIDS. Following the introduction of renal transplantation in the late 1960's, the central nervous system (CNS) was the most commonly involved site, comprising approximately one half of cases (Lancet 297:983-6). However, the diagnosis of primary CNS PTLD became increasingly uncommon over time, and until recently, only rare cases were seen in our practice. In this study we systematically evaluate the incidence of primary CNS lymphoproliferative disease and the relationship of the anatomic site in which it develops to the immunosuppressive regimen.

Methods: All cases of immunosuppression-related lymphoproliferative disease diagnosed at our institution between 10/86 and 5/14 were identified, including in-house and consultation cases. Patient age, sex, type and reason for transplant, immunosuppressive regimen, timing of diagnosis from transplant, and survival were recorded. In addition, a United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) Standard Transplant Analysis and Research (STAR) file of kidney transplant recipients using Organ Transplant Procurement Network data from 10/25/99 (introduction of PTLD-specific data fields) to 4/14/14 was analyzed. Odds ratios were calculated using Fisher's exact test.

Results: We identified 111 cases of immunosuppression-related lymphoproliferative disease at our institution, including 29 diagnosed in the CNS. The fraction of CNS cases compared to those diagnosed in other sites significantly increased over the period of study; while no CNS cases were diagnosed between 1986 and 1994, 40% of cases between 2011 and 2014 were diagnosed in the CNS (Fig 1). A similar trend was evident when consult cases were excluded.

Both CNS and non-CNS PTLDs were predominantly monomorphic (76%, 86%) and mostly large B-cell lymphomas (91%, 60%), though those outside the CNS were more morphologically diverse. CNS PTLDs were more strongly associated with EBV (96% vs. 58%) and tended to have an earlier onset (median 2.9 vs. 5.3 years post transplant) and higher mortality (48% vs. 39%). CNS PTLDs were more likely to arise in patients taking mycophenolate mofetil (MMF; 89% vs. 40%), particularly those on MMF in the absence of calcineurin inhibitors (CNI) with an odds ratio of 21.4 (p<0.005, Table 1). The data suggested a protective effect of CNI if taken with MMF (0.4 decrease in odds of CNS), but did not achieve statistical significance. Analysis of a larger, UNOS STAR datafile that included a total of 2958 PTLD cases, 59 of whom were recorded as primary CNS PTLD, however, confirmed the protective effect of CNI. Patients taking MMF in the absence of CNI were 7.6-fold more likely to develop PTLD in the CNS compared to those patients taking both MMF and CNI (p<0.001) and 20.3-fold more likely than those taking CNI without MMF. Both tacrolimus and cyclosporine when evaluated separately conferred a decreased CNS PTLD risk and were not statistically different.

Conclusions : Our data demonstrate a rise in the incidence of CNS PTLD and a relationship between the involved anatomic site and the immunosuppressive drug regimen. Specifically, these findings suggest that the decline in use of CNI following the introduction of MMF and other new immunosupressants may be responsible for the recent rise in CNS immunosuppression-related lymphoproliferative disease. A potential role of MMF in promoting CNS involvement cannot be excluded; however, review of historic data, including a several thousand fold increased risk of primary brain lymphoma in untreated HIV/AIDS (J Nat Can Inst 88:675-9), suggests the CNS may have an inherent susceptibility to lymphoproliferative disease in the context of immunosuppression. While mechanisms underlying the protective effect of CNI remain speculative, these findings may have therapeutic implications, particularly as new transplant regimens lacking CNI are introduced and use of MMF in the treatment of autoimmune disease becomes increasingly common.

![Figure 1][1]

Figure 1

| | JHH | UNOS |
| ---------------------- | ------ | ------- | ------ |
| | CNS | Non-CNS | CNS | Non-CNS |
| Cases (with drug info) | 29(18) | 82(66) | 59(28) | 2899(1677) |
| MMF/ no calcineurin | 4 | 3 | 9 | 68 |
| MMF/any calcineurin | 12 | 23 | 14 | 810 |
| No MMF/tacrolimus | 1 | 21 | 1 | 384 |
| No MMF/cyclosporine | 1 | 17 | 4 | 400 |

Table 1

Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

 [1]: pending:yes


Purpose : For passive construction, highly efficient high thermal insulation sheathing is essential and sectional details without thermal bridge should be implemented. However, it can not be secured by the conventional method of constructing a dry exterior system. Therefore the purpose of this study is to develop an open joint curtain wall insulation system that can realize energy efficient panel exterior finishing by suppressing thermal bridge in anchoring unit. Method: The method of study is as follows. First, the types and characteristics of the external insulation methods are examined. Secondly, the target performance is set, and the structural materials are selected and simulated. Third, the designed specimen of the open joint curtain wall external insulation system is manufactured, installed and tested. Finally, we analyze the performance test results and propose a commercialization method. Result: To develop an open joint curtain wall outer insulation system, Test specimens designed by performance simulation by selecting structural members were prepared and tested. As a result, both the thermal transmittance and the condensation and the outdoor performance test showed that the target performance index was satisfied. This is an economical and eco-friendly construction method by shortening construction period and cost reduction. In order to commercialize, design improvement and quality control system that can make precise production and construction should be done.


The fine structure of the ellipsoid of the cat spleen was studied by electron microscopy. The ellipsoid consists of closely packed reticular cells and fibers, and macrophages around a capillary. The macrophage cytoplasm contains phagocytized red blood cells within cytoplasmic vacuoles. The endothelial cells are specifically high in the lumen surrounded by an incomplete basement membrane. Two types of filaments are revealed within the endothelial cell cytoplasm. Thick filaments, 100A in diameter, are found in almost any part of the cytoplasm and show a tubular structure in cross section. They are thought to be cytoskeletal in function. Thin filaments, 60A diameter, are seen as electron-dense patches in the basal area of the cytoplasm. Their possible contractile function is discussed.


Abstract In this work, an efficient and green approach has been presented to prepare carbon quantum dots (CQDs) from watermelon juice through a microfluidic steam-based method, with a view to enabling continuous production at scale, i.e., to save time, costs, or energy as compared to conventional production using an autoclave. The evolution of the product formation through multifarious intermediates generated in different stages of the reaction process was characterized. Computational fluid dynamics simulations reveal the pressure and velocity profiles in the microchannel to exert process control. These determine the quality of the obtained CQDs by influencing the particle size transformations and manifold chemicals along the microchannel axis. The optimal reaction conditions and reaction mechanism for the synthesis of CQDs were investigated. Additionally, the synthesized CQDs demonstrated good fluorescence properties as well as a specific response to NO 2 − {\text{NO}}_{2}^{-} in both fluorescence and spectrophotometric modes, providing great potential for their application in environmental monitoring.


The human species has advanced to the point where the twenty-first century marks the start of previously unimaginable achievements. By observing at a person using a camera, picture, or video, the aforementioned technologies can be utilized to establish their age and gender. Our project will walk you through the entire process, including the many approaches and algorithms that can be used, which one is the most accurate, and how everything works together. It will also highlight its importance and how it may be implemented to better our daily life. The major purpose of this project is to develop a detector gender and age that can determine a person's gender and age based on their performance Keeping track of the projected numbers andcarrying out the calculations Analyzing stored data aids in determining model accuracy.


Compensation for injuries caused by medical accidents is one of the main branches of insurance under the title of doctors' civil liability insurance. In the present article, we have decided to collect information on the income and expenses of doctors' professional liability insurances to obtain a community view of the coverage of this insurance and to explain the advantages and disadvantages of stakeholders and to propose practical solutions to expand coverage and increase insurance coverage.
In this study, information was collected from the Forensic Medicine Organization of Tehran Province about the amount of complaints and convictions of the medical staff in 1396 by a counting method in a researcher-made checklist and the amount of ransom that various medical professionals were required to pay in 1396 was estimated. Quality was calculated based on percentage and frequency and quantitative information was calculated based on mean and standard deviation.
Out of 4079 complaints, 3343 (52.5%) were acquitted and 1731 (425%) were convicted. The highest number of convictions was related to general surgery, general practitioners and dentists and the lowest convictions were related to traditional medicine, poisoning, nursing and pathology. Complaints from female patients were 2430 cases (59.6%) and the rate of men complaints over time was 3076 cases (75.5%). Between the two groups of medical staff who were required to pay ransom to patients and the group who were not negligent. There was no statistically significant difference in terms of gender. The highest amount of negligence was related to the complaints convicted in the Plastic Surgery Commission in the amount of 924,900,000 Tomans (Iranian currency) and the lowest amount of negligence was related to the complaints condemned in the Traditional Medicine Commission in the amount of 35,700,000 Tomans. Considering the approximate number of 630/269 staff members and considering that if the insurer has spent on average 375/743 Tomans for each limited liability insurance, a significant figure of 250/839/705/200 can be calculated.
As a result, the obligation to insure medical staff requires a determinative. Therefore it is appropriate for the Medical System organization, as the custodian and pioneer of supporting and providing services to the medical staff, to take action in this regard and to achieve this coverage.


This study are intended to investigate the impact among deferred tax expense, accruals, and type of industries to earnings management in the companies, which listed at Indonesia's Stock Exchange for the period 2007, and also compare the result with the previous study. This research takes one hundred companies, which have deferred tax expense in the year 2007, as the sample. All of the data that are used in this research are taken from Pojok BEI Tarumanagara University, completed with the annual reports from Indonesia's Stock Exchange website and the newspaper. This study uses two tests, which are classic assumption test and hypothesis test. The analysis tool that is used is SPSS for windows 11. The result of this study shows that there is a significant impact  between deferred tax expense and earnings management but there are no significant impacts between accruals, which is measured by Total Accruals Model, and earning management, and between the type of industries and earnings management. This study also shows that there is no significant impact among deferred tax expense, accruals, and type of industries to earnings management simultaneously, with confidence of interval 95%.


Synopsis Because of limited research, a generally accepted hypothesis has not emerged for the phylogeny of the Asteroidea. The fossil record is a potential source of needed data, although fossil asteroids are rare, and they tend to be poorly preserved. Emphasis in the taxonomy of both recent and fossil asteroids has been on characters visible from the exterior, and paleontologists have sought to fit even the most ancient (i.e., Ordovician) specimens into taxonomic ordinal schemes devised for recent asteroids. Animal form and arrangement of body wall ossicles of Paleozoic asteroids can be similar to those of younger species, thereby suggesting close affinities, yet ambulacral arrangements indicate clear separation of Paleozoic stem groups from the crown group. Traits taken from the ambulacral column that mark crown-group asteroids include presence of dorsal podial pores (which allowed transfer of the ampullae to the arm interior), an offset arrangement of ambulacrals on the adambulacrals, and increased complexity of the articulation structures between ambulacrals and adambulacrals. Transfer of ampullae to the arm interior provided protection and more space for ampullae within the arm, as well as space within the furrow and between the ambulacral and adambulacral ossicles for elaboration of the soft tissues that enhance arm motion.


Spray combustion is widely used in gas turbines, diesel engines, jet engines, boiler and oil-fired heaters. It is indispensable for life and industry. In order to improve understanding of the flame-spread mechanism in the fuel sprays, many researchers have conducted microgravity experiments on the flame-spread of fuel-droplet arrays and droplet-cloud elements. The effect of ambient pressure on the flame-spread phenomena has also been investigated. This research involves microgravity experiments being conducted on the flame spread over droplet-cloud elements at high-pressure condition. The droplet-cloud element consists of three droplets, Droplets B, A and L. Droplets B and A are interactive droplets. Droplet L is the droplet to investigate the characteristics of flame spread from Droplet A. The results suggest that interactive combustion between Droplets B and A increases the flame-spread-limit distance from Droplet A to Droplet L at 200 kPa. The 1200 K position of the thermal layer around Droplet A also increases with the interactive combustion. This research also conducted the flame spread to Droplet L in the perpendicular direction, y -direction, to the direction from Droplet B to Droplet A, x direction. The results suggest that interactive combustion between Droplets B and A increases the y -direction flame-spread-limit distance to Droplet L more than the x-direction flame-spread-limit distance.


Besides the size of the external auditor, which is a major determinant, audit fees depend also on audit market characteristics, corporate governance and ownership. On the basis of a sample of 130 French listed companies during the 2004–2006 period, we present evidence of a "Big" auditor premium. The results highlight that the presence of a "Big" among auditors has a positive and significant effect of the level of audit fees. This impact is more important in the case of joint audit by two "Big" auditors. The choice of a "Major" auditor also increases the level of audit fees. Finally, we find that governance and ownership characteristics act in different ways on auditor's selection involving complementarity or substitution with external audit.


This book examines the 1979 dual-track INF deployment decision of the NATO allies, focusing on developments in Britain, the Netherlands, and West Germany, where protest movements sought to pressure their governments to reverse themselves on the INF decision. Assesses the damage to U.S. - European relations resulting from the INF controversy and seek(s) to draw lessons that could prevent future disputes from again seriously disrupting Alliance cohesion.


We generalize triadic closure, along with previous generalizations of triadic closure, under an intuitive umbrella generalization: the Subgraph-to-Subgraph Transition (SST). We present algorithms and code to model graph evolution in terms of collections of these SSTs. We then use the SST framework to create link prediction models for both static and temporal, directed and undirected graphs which produce highly interpretable results. Quantitatively, our models match out-of-the-box performance of state of the art graph neural network models, thereby validating the correctness and meaningfulness of our interpretable results.


Purpose
A previous publication in this journal reported the findings of a 2013 survey into people's experiences of membership of a Christian church in the UK (author citation removed for the purposes of review). A major finding of this survey was that many people said they had been "harmed" by their experience with some labelling it as "Spiritual Abuse" (SA). Respondents in the 2013 study also stressed the importance of developing safeguarding policy and practice in this area. The purpose of this paper is to explore the findings of a more extensive survey conducted in 2017 which aims to identify people's understanding of SA some four years after the initial work and within a context of some discussion and uncertainty around the term itself. The study also aims to assess the current status of safeguarding policy and practice in SA perpetrated against individuals in the Christian church in the UK. A secondary aim of the study is to ascertain how far understandings, policy and practice have developed since the initial survey was conducted. It is emphasised that the authors do not assert that SA is perpetrated solely in the Christian church. However, as this is their personal religious background it is the focus of this work.

Design/methodology/approach
A mixed methods online survey of Christians, Church attendees and members of Christian organisations was conducted in 2017. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, inductive thematic and content analysis.

Findings
A clear definition of SA is required. There is an ongoing need to develop policy and practice in the area of SA in order to respond effectively to those who have these harmful experiences.

Research limitations/implications
This work has been conducted within the Christian faith community and thus, represents only this faith context. Accordingly, it is research with a specific group. The work would usefully be expanded to other faith contexts.

Practical implications
People are still being harmed by experiences in the Christian church. Safeguarding policy and practice in the area of spiritual abuse needs to be developed in the immediate future.

Social implications
Those working in statutory agencies, faith and community contexts need to develop an understanding of SA.

Originality/value
This is the largest survey conducted on the topic of SA in the Christian faith to date in the UK.


In this article, we describe the betamix command, which fits mixture regression models for dependent variables bounded in an interval. The model is a generalization of the truncated inflated beta regression model introduced in Pereira, Botter, and Sandoval (2012, Communications in Statistics—Theory and Methods 41: 907–919) and the mixture beta regression model in Verkuilen and Smithson (2012, Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics 37: 82–113) for variables with truncated supports at either the top or the bottom of the distribution. betamix accepts dependent variables defined in any range that are then transformed to the interval (0, 1) before estimation.


Introduction Patterned magnetic fine structures are an important class of materials for various technological applications including data storage devices. The areal density of the conventional types of magnetic recording media is anticipated to reach their upper limit, which demands a new type of recording media to further increase the storage capacity. Patterned arrays of magnetic wires are one of the promising candidates as they can provide opportunities to develop three-dimensional magnetic recording media, however, it is necessary to establish their fabrication method and to better understand their magnetic behavior in correlation to the microstructure. The objective of this study is to investigate the electrochemical synthesis of magnetic Ni wire arrays and to clarify their magnetic properties in correlation to the microstructure.


Shielding mechanisms' influence on the ratio of perpendicular to parallel scale lengths of multidimensional plasma electron hole equilibria are analyzed theoretically and computationally. It is shown that the ``gyrokinetic'' model, invoking perpendicular polarization, is based on a misunderstanding and cannot explain the observational trend that greater transverse extent accompanies lower magnetic field. Instead, the potential in the wings of the hole, outside the region of trapped-electron depletion, has isotropic shielding giving $\phi\propto {\rm e}^{-r/L}/r$, with the shielding length $L$ equal to the Debye length for holes much slower than the electron thermal speed. Particle in cell simulations confirm the analysis.


In 1971 and 1972 a pilot model of a closed-loop cotton-mois turhmtion system for cotton ginning was developed and tested. The system proved the feasibility of using closed loops of high-humidity air to restore moisture lost in processing or by natural drying, thus preventing st.atic electricity and sub sequent loss of strength and flexibility in the cotton fiber. The 1971 study, in which an air-blast gin stand was used, showed that lint moisture content was increased by about 1.5 percent age points. Classer's grade stayed constant at Low Middling Light Spotted, and the staple length averaged 30.6 (32ds of an in). Dust inside the closed loop ranged from 3.0 to 1.9 mg/m and had no detrimental effect on fiber during the 4-h (four-replication) test. Results from the 8-h (four-replica tion) 1972 tests, which used a high-capacity brush gin, shewed a 0.5 to 0.7 percentage point increase in lint moisture content. Classer's grade and staple stayed constant through out the test at Strict Low Middling and 1 in. Dust concentra tions ranged from 104.7 to 17.5 mg/m3 inside the closed loop, decreasing rapidly during the first 15 min, then gradually for the rest of the test period. Again, dust had no detrimental effects on fiber. Less dust and short fibers were exhausted to the atmosphere, reducing air pollution from the lint con denser. INTRODUCTION ness and apparently increases ten sile strength, thus reducing break Dry cotton fibers are moistur age during ginning and cleaning ized at gins to control fiber break (7).1 Movement of cotton through age and static electricity. The re storation of moisture lost in 1 Italic numbers in parentheses refer processing reduces fiber brittleto items in "Literature Cited," p. 12.


the internet and transregional characteristics of the entertainment industries, organisations acknowledge the embedded cultural and structural challenges in their local context


Troposcatter communications provide a good alternative for beyond-Line-of-Sight (b-LoS) communication because it can provide reliable high data rate applications with the advancement in the modem and high power amplifiers. The employment of the high data rate applications with troposcatter communications requires the investigation of the troposcatter channels. However, available channel models for the troposcatter communications are not able to take the non-homogeneities of the air turbulence into account. Therefore, the main motivation of this paper is to develop a ray-based MIMO troposcatter channel model in which the beamwidths of the antennas are divided to small parts and, the associated delay and power of the rays are calculated in order to consider the non-homogeneities and time variations of the channel. Also, in order to show the time varying behaviour of the channel this paper provides the simulation results for the maximum data rate of the channel by using real world measurements first time in the literature.


The term 'productivity management' is examined as it relates to engineering management. Productivity measurement in an engineering orgai nization is very difficult to accomplish and it can also have a negative impact. A preferred term is 'performance measurement' which more clearly describes the desired results. There are generally seven categories of performance measures: Effectiveness, efficiency, quality, productivity, quality of work life, profitability, and innovation. In an engineering organization, effectiveness, efficiency, quality, quality of work life, and innovation should receive the major attention. One specific type of performance measurement deals with tracking commitments made to the clients. A commitment management system that will bring top management's attention to how well the organization is meeting its commitments to clients each month is described.


With the development of IC design technology,integrated circuit testing to ensure the reliability of the circuit's role in increasing.Integrated circuit test is not only important to ensure the reliability of the circuit,but also can reduce the manufacturing cost of circuits and systems.This is the logic function test based on the theory of integrated circuit,the logic function testing of the integrated circuit is normal to judge whether the normal function of the circuit.The experimental results show that,the system test is convenient,accurate,is of important significance for the chip manufacturers and users.


This report titled Work Field Report that describes about English language role and use in its implementation in several aspects of life. We can find one of it real facts at The Jakarta Post office and the activity that Regional English Language Office (RELO) holds that took place in Jakarta. The purpose of this report writing is to fulfill the requirement of the work field subject in the 6th semester. To describe the circumstances, the writer processed the quantitative data that the writer had during the presentation and visitation on the Work field in Jakarta using the descriptive method. This is meant to facilitate the readers in understanding the contents of this report. In this report, readers are to see that English language has become a part of the society communication system in Indonesia and the world. As the result, English language tends to become the second language in our country right after our mother tongue Bahasa Indonesia.


A class of reaction-diffusion system obtained by coupling of nonlinear reaction items of 3 nonlinear diffusion equations was studied. The global existence and finite blow-up condition of the solution to the reaction-diffusion system was discussed for the homogeneous boundary condition by construction of solutions to the nonlinear diffusion equations. The results can be extended to similar systems of n equations.


The aberrant expression of the myelomonocytic antigen CD14 was investigated in 128 untreated patients diagnosed with B‐cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (B‐CLL). A cut‐off value of 5 × 109/l CD14‐positive cells was chosen for statistical analysis because it showed the best discriminating power among patients with different clinical features. 56 cases had a CD14+ cell count >5 × 109/l. A significant correlation was found between Rai and Binet stages and total tumour mass (TTM) score on one hand, and the absolute CD14+ cell cut‐off, on the other. This relationship was more evident in Rai 0–II and Binet A–B stages, where a CD14+ cell count >5 × 109/l was preferentially distributed among patients with a higher tumoral mass. In univariate analysis the survival probability at 5 and 10 years showed a significant correlation with Rai and Binet stages, TTM score, CD14+ absolute cell count and median age. The median overall survival (OS) was 63 months for patients with a CD14+ cell count >5 × 109/l and 136 months for those with a CD14+ cell count < 5 × 109/l. In the multivariate Cox regression model, Rai stage, age and CD14+ cell count were independent significant factors for the prediction of OS. Finally, when the same analysis was restricted to Rai stages 0–II, CD14+ cell count was the only significant independent parameter influencing OS, with a relative death risk of 3.8. In conclusion, these data reveal that CD14+ represents an important marker for predicting OS in B‐CLL patients and, therefore, we suggest that it should be included in the immunological characterization of B‐CLL.


Little is known about the firm-level dynamics behind trade responses to political tensions. This article reinvestigates variation in the travel pattern of the 14th Dalai Lama to study how political tensions affect trading decisions of Chinese importers. Using monthly trade data from China Customs covering imports of machinery and transport equipment from 173 countries over the 2000-2006 period, our empirical results show a significant reduction of imports in response to foreign government members' meetings with the Dalai Lama. In line with the idea that Chinese importers face a trade-off between bearing costs from suboptimal trade transactions and costs from not accommodating the government, this 'Dalai Lama Effect' operates at the intensive margin, i.e., via a decrease in the import volume per importer. Examining differential effects across types of firm ownership, we find that the observed effect is driven by state-owned enterprises (and foreign-invested firms) and not by private companies. Moreover, while direct importers temporarily reduce their trade with Dalai Lama-receiving countries, there is some evidence that trade intermediaries even benefit. Overall, we find the effects to be much more short-lived than previously thought.


A teratogen is an agent or drug or other substance capable of interfering with the development of an embryo and fetus that may lead to congenital malformation. Parasitic illnesses is increasing all over the world, especially in Iraq and developing countries, and Metronidazole (MTZ) drug is the therapeutic agent usually administered to children as well as adults at the reproductive age. In this study, we propose an evaluation of MTZ in order to analyze the potential damage in infants of Rattus norvegicus as an animal model. Adult female pregnant rats were treated with commercial MTZ. Different types of defects were evaluated using prenatal mortality, phenotypic abnormalities as parameters were studied and scored in pup 1 st generation of 40 adult mothers. They were divided into four groups: a) untreated pregnant females as a control; b) females treated with MTZ daily for 18 days as therapeutic dose; c) a double therapeutic dose; and d) a triple therapeutic dose. The results of this study showed that the using of Metronidazole (Flagyl ® ) during pregnancy in pregnant rats was a teratogen causing multiple different anomalies, birth defects and preterm birth to new born infants.


This study aimed to determine the relationship between leisure satisfaction and social media addiction of university students. The study group of the research was formed by the voluntary participation of 193 students (133 male and 60 female), studying at the School of Physical Education and Sports of Istanbul Gelişim University. In addition to the personal information form, the "Leisure Satisfaction Scale (LSS)" developed by Beard and Raghep (1980) and adapted into Turkish by Gökçe and Orhan (2011), and the "Social Media Addiction Scale (SMAS)" developed by Bakır Ayğar and Uzun (2018) were used as data collection tools. After the data showed normal distribution in the Kolmogrov-Smirnov normality test, t-test, ANOVA and Pearson Correlation test were used in the analysis. The level of significance in the study was set at 0.05. In the research findings; gender and age groups of individuals affect their leisure time satisfaction levels; It has also been found that age groups affect social media addiction. As a result, it was determined that leisure satisfaction levels and social media addiction changed according to various variables of university students, and a negative significant relationship was found between leisure satisfaction and social media addiction.


Day-care centers appeared with the advent of capitalism, growing urbanization and the need for reproduction of labour power. The difficulty to control childhood illnesses and the vulnerability of the age group from 2 months to 5 years old call for health specialists working in day-care centres. The objective of this study was to analyze the perception of early childhood educators about the care provided in those institutions. It is a qualitative research carried out


Water samples are filtered through 0.45 m microporous films first.It comprises extracting ion pair with CHCl3 twice,10 mL at a time.When emulsification occurs,It is an effective way to break of the emulsification layer by stirring with a clean copper wire.There is no significant differences between the result of samples determination by using the improved methods and the one by using international standard method.Both of the accuracy and precision of the method meet the quality control requirements,which is more efficient,operationally simpler and more suitable for the determination.


A nonintrusive optical technique, laser-induced iodine fluorescence (LIIF), is demonstrated in the quantitative study of the compressible flowfield in a steady, nonreacting supersonic combustor. Measurements of density, temperature, and velocity were made with the calibrated technique for two combustor operating conditions. Measurements were first conducted in the supersonic flow over a rearward-facing step for comparison with calculated pressure profiles. The second operating condition was staged, transverse injection behind a rearwardfacing step at an injection dynamic pressure ratio of 1.20. These experimental results demonstrate the capability of the technique for making accurate, spatially resolved measurements of gasdynamic variables in the complex supersonic flowfield. Complete data sets to be generated with this technique will be used to validate computational fluid dynamic (CFD) codes for supersonic combustor flowfields, prior to the inclusion of chemical reaction.


Objective To establish an animal model of heart failure induced by pressure overload plus volume in rabbits. Methods Sixteen rabbits were divided into heart failure and sham-operated groups with 8 animals each. We obtained a volume overload by creation of an aortic insufficiency at first,and then obtained pressure overload induced by constricting the abdominal aorta 7 days later. The homodynamic parameters and cardiac structure and function were detected via catheterization and echocardiography respectively 7 weeks later.Results Aortic systolic pressure,pulse pressure, left ventricular end diastolic pressure of heart failure rabbits were significantly increased compared with those of sham-operated rabbits (P0.05). The left atria diameter,inter-ventricular septum,left ventricular post-wall dimension,left ventricular end diastolic and systolic diameter were also increased markedly in heart failure rabbits,but their ejection fraction and left ventricular shorten fraction were decreased(P0.05). In heart failure rabbits, the ratio of left ventricular mass and pulmonary mass to body weight were higher than that in sham-operated rabbits (P0.05). Conclusion Animal model of heart failure has been established by pressure overload plus volume overload in rabbits successfully,in which the heart failure develops with short time and higher rate of success,and is in accordance with the development of human heart failure.


Objective:To explore the clinical value of echocardiography in patietns with isolated atrial septal defect.Method:A total of 589 atrial septal defect patients during 1995.1~2005.3 were diagnosed by echocardiography and confirmed by surgery.Patients had examination of 2-dimensional transthoracic echocardiogaraphy(2-DTTE),color Doppler imaging,contrast echocardiography,and transesophageal echocardiography(TEE)pre-operationally.Retrospectively analyze and compare results of preoperational echocardiographies and operations:①Compare results of echocardiographies and operations in qualitative diagnosis;② Compare results of preoperational echocardiographies and operations in diagnosis of ASD types.③Explore the value of different echocardiography in isolated ASD.Result:①Compared with operations,echocardiography accurate rate was 100% pre-operationally;②In diagnosis of types of ASD,echocardiography results of 510 patients were accordant pre-operationally with operations,and the rate was 85.1%.The coincidence rate of ASD in the area of the fossa ovalis was 99.2%(490/494);and ASD near the superior vena cava was 3.3%(2/60);and ASD near the inferior vena cava was 54.5%(6/11);the rate of combination type was 16.7%(4/24).③The accuracy in qualitative diagnosis was 99.5% by 2-DTTE;92.3% by contrast echocardiography;100% by TTE and contrast echocardiography;100% by combinating TTE,TEE and contrast echocardiography.Conclusion:Echocardiography is a preferred technology in estimation of atrial septal defect exactly.Combination of multiple echocardiography technology is crucial for decreasing the wrong and missed diagnosis.


Despeckling is a fundamental preprocessing step for applications using polarimetric synthetic aperture radar data in most cases. In this paper, a guided filter with nonlinear weight kernels and adaptive filtering windows is presented for PolSAR image despeckling, in which the guidance image is constructed by a weighted average using the statistical traits of the speckled image. The output result is then estimated by another weighted average, with the aid of the fully polarimetric information from both the guidance image and the speckled image. In the experimental part, the filtering results obtained with both simulated and real PolSAR images reveal the positive performance of the proposed method in both reducing speckle and retaining details, when compared with some of the state-of-the-art algorithms. Furthermore, the relatively low computational complexity is another strength of the proposed method.


Novel MQW modulator arrays operating in the 1.3-1.5 mu m wavelength range are described: (i) arrays of devices with symmetrical coupled wells operating without the need for an offset bias; and (ii) a demonstration of the use of Double-sided Epitaxy in improving modulation to 3.8 dB for a -10 V change in bias. >


ABSTRACT In 'The Grasshopper' Suits proposes that 'playing a game' can be captured as an attempt to achieve a specific state of affairs (prelusory goal), using only means permitted by rules (lusory means). These rules prohibit more efficient means, and are accepted because they make the activity possible (lusory attitude). I argue these conditions are not jointly sufficient. The starting point for the argument is the idea that goals, means and attitudes can pick out their content in different ways. They can involve a direct reference ('crossing this specific finish line'), or a description that picks out something ('crossing a line on the track after running 100 m'). I provide cases in which one's attitudes, accepted goals or accepted means pick out their content by a description such that the person does not play a game, even if Suits's conditions are satisfied. I show that this demands an epistemic condition for playing a game that also applies to commitment based accounts. Finally, I discuss what such an epistemic condition could be. I argue that the condition does not require personal knowledge of all goals and means, but merely enough epistemic access that the goal and permissible means can guide one's behavior safely enough. This might be satisfied by social extensions, such as access to tools (e.g. a rulebook) or other people (e.g. referees).


What is it about Academe these days? I can remember the halcyon times between 1965 and 1975 when college students challenged hierarchical values and many professors not only agreed with the theory and practices of the critique, but tried mightily to imagine new democratic ways of doing things. Sit-ins led to new courses, new methods of grading, and experimental infra-colleges that levelled the discourse between students, professors, administrators and various and sundry corporate and governmental visitors to campuses from Honolulu, to Berkeley, to New York City, to Paris, to Tokyo. Being a professor then was an engrossing and exciting experience. Imagination, innovation and optimism about the future were the order of the day. If one visits similar campuses today, there is such a vastly different atmosphere that it not only seems like a different eon, but a different planet. Aside from a few activistic dissidents and longhairs among the students, the vast bulk of them are careerist – at best. Many have one-nanosecond attention spans or are battle fatigued from working full time. Worse yet, there is the faculty, now divided between those who are active researchers (most of which is funded by corporate, foundation or governmental interests and which often have invisible strings attached) and those who are primarily teaching drones (three or four courses a semester with lots of non-tenured adjuncts doing a lion's share of the classroom instruction).


One hundred forty-four individuals with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI), 129 men and 15 women, were evaluated by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) to assess the risk factors of age, duration of injury, neurological deficit, and body mass index (BMI) on the bone mineral densities (BMD) of the lumbar spine, hip, and knee. The participants, ages 18 to 50 years old, were categorized into four neurological classifications: 37 with complete tetraplegia, 25 with incomplete tetraplegia, 57 with complete paraplegia, and 25 with incomplete paraplegia. The effects of risk factors at the regional sites of SCI osteoporosis can be summarized: BMI influences all sites especially the knee; neurologic deficit affects the hip and especially the knee; duration of injury positively influences the spine and negatively influences the hip and the knee to a lesser degree; and age negatively effects the hip.


In the 1980s a team of Dutch sociologists conducted a study on the daily life of unemployed in the Netherlands. They were inspired by the classical work Marienthal: the Sociology of an Unemployed Community first published in 1933. The authors conducted three neighborhood studies to analyze the social behavior of the unemployed. Based on the work of Robert K. Merton and Mary Douglas they developed a typology of different cultures of unemployment. This typology is still relevant to analyze contemporary reactions to unemployment in European welfare states. The authors also demonstrated that their cultural analysis is fruitful to understand the heterogeneity of urban marginality in the United States. A foreword by U.S. scholar William Julius Wilson emphasizes the universality of the method and the findings presented here. Godfried Engbersen is professor of sociology at the Erasmus University Rotterdam. Kees Schuyt is professor of sociology at the University of Amsterdam and member of the Council of State. Jaap Timmer is associate professor of police and safety studies at the Free University of Amsterdam. Frans van Waarden is professor of policy and organization at the University of Utrecht.


Eliashberg's foundational theory of superconductivity is based on the application of Migdal's approximation, which states that vertex corrections to lowest-order electron-phonon scattering are negligible if the ratio between phonon and electron energy scales is small. The resulting theory incorporates the first Feynman diagrams for electron and phonon self-energies. However, the latter is most commonly neglected in numerical analyses. Here we provide an extensive study of full-bandwidth Eliashberg theory in two and three dimensions, where we include the full back reaction of electrons onto the phonon spectrum. We unravel the complex interplay between nesting properties, size of the Fermi surface, renormalized electron-phonon coupling, phonon softening, and superconductivity. We propose furthermore a scaling law for the maximally possible critical temperature ${T}_{c}^{\text{max}}\ensuremath{\propto}\ensuremath{\lambda}(\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Omega}})\sqrt{{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Omega}}}_{0}^{2}\ensuremath{-}{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Omega}}}^{2}}$ in two- and three-dimensional systems, which embodies both the renormalized electron-phonon coupling strength $\ensuremath{\lambda}(\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Omega}})$ and softened phonon spectrum $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Omega}}$. Also, we analyze for which electronic structure properties a maximal ${T}_{c}$ enhancement can be achieved.


The dual-faceted social and economic position of employees from rural areas makes their labor bear the characteristics of semi-commodity, which means that they may perform various types of jobs with low salary. Low salary covers only the value of the basic necessities while the expenses for raising a family and education are excluded. This is exactly the economic reasons why state-owned, private and foreign enterprises are all keen on employing these workers.


The article describes historical and economic aspects of the rice industry evolution in the Krasnodar region. The basic means of increasing the economic efficiency of rice production are demonstrated: reduction of production costs and growth of profitability. The role of new agricultural practices aiming at optimization of rice mineral nutrition is highlighted. The data are provided on the economic impact of liquid nitrogen fertilizers and application of new micronutrients in rice crops. It is shown that the use of liquid nitrogen top-dressing in rice crops leads to reduction of costs by 1000 rubles/ha compared to traditional practices. The effectiveness of micronutrients application on rice has been confirmed experimentally by the use of water-soluble fertilizer Poligro Bits. According to the received data the yield increase in the rice varieties Khazar, Rapan and Diamond was 0,53-1,33 t/ha with improved grain quality. Calculations show the economic feasibility of the introduction of this practice. Based on the research results the recommendations have been issued on the improvement of rice production and its economic efficiency. Among them is the use of modern agricultural practices, introduction of new rice varieties, innovative optimization methods of rice mineral nutrition, upgrading of rice farmers' skills, introduction of marketing structures for rice farms


One of the abilities that must be possessed by students in the 21st century is the ability to think critically. This article aims to analyze students' critical thinking skills in geometric optical materials. This research is descriptive research with subject of research consisted 116 student grade 12 SMA. The critical thinking skills test instrument consists of 12 items about the description of geometric optical material with reliability coefficient of 0.701. The results of this study indicate that the average ability of critical thinking students 14.54 of scale 100 with the highest score of 48 and the lowest value 1.3. This shows that students' critical thinking skills are still in the low category. The weakest aspect of critical thinking ability is argument analysis. Need efforts to improve students' critical thinking skills, one of them is by applying learning that requires students actively in solving problems.


MIAO Xi yong of the Ming Dynasty had laid a profound influence on the academic development of the medical practitioners of the Qing Dynasty.The inheritance and application of Miaos internal deficiency and hidden wind,the theory and therapy of spleen yin and the qidescending method by YE Tian shi presented the achievements of YE Tian shis inheritance and creation and also reflected inheritance and develping channel of the related academic thoughts.


Background: This study assesses proficiency test (PT) performance in detecting and identifying malaria parasites and examines malaria screening practices in laboratories in the United States.

Method: We reviewed PT data from 1999 to 2008 to determine the rates of unacceptable responses for detecting and identifying Plasmodium sp. We also surveyed current PT participants to assess malaria screening practices.

Results: Laboratories were most proficient at detecting and identifying P falciparum and substantially less proficient at identifying P malariae , P vivax , and P ovale . Half of the surveyed laboratories failed to offer a complete diagnostic workup, 25.0% failed to screen both thick and thin slides, and 36.1% failed to issue a final report within 24 hours.

Conclusion: Educational programs should focus on identifying Plasmodium sp. and distinguishing artifacts from parasites. Laboratories should offer a complete diagnostic workup, either in-house or by referral, and ensure final results within 24 hours.

* PT
 : proficiency test
 API
 : American Proficiency Institute
 RDT
 : rapid diagnostic test


A wireless ad hoc network is a collection of two or more devices with wireless communications and networking capabilities that communicate with each other without the aid of any centralized administrators. The network topology is dynamic, because the connectivity among the nodes may vary with time due to node mobility, departures and new arrivals. Hence, the need for efficient routing protocols to allow the nodes to communicate. In a flat topology, all nodes are of the same level and functionality, thus making it simple and efficient for smaller networks. However, when the network is large with sparse nodes, the routing information becomes more complex. This is when cluster-based
techniques become useful to tackle such situations. In a cluster-based routing, all nodes in the network are dynamically organised into partitions called groups or clusters. These clusters are then combined into larger partitions to help maintain a relatively stable network topology.


Women's experiences of sexual initiation are explored in this article from a socio-cultural and gender perspective that examines the impact of popular discourse about virginity, romance, and marriage on female adolescent sexuality. It is argued that economic and cultural factors weigh heavily on a young women's ability to "be" a virgin, and that virginity discourse is laden with middle-class assumptions about self-empowerment and achievement. Drawing, in part, on focus group self-reports of young, low-income women in Alabama, it was found that the women's experiences of sexual initiation included feelings of rape, betrayal, and distrust of men. The discrepancy between popular ideals and personal reality particularly contributed to a sense of victimhood. In this complex rite of passage, female adolescents' notions of harm appeared to diverge from those of AIDS researchers. The findings suggest that feeling-states play a powerful role in disease vulnerability, and that HIV prevention may be enhanced by "listening to" as well as "assessing" adolescents at risk.


Development of virtual instruments is an important topic for researchers, industrial engineers, as virtual instruments offer a unique feature that allows instrument to be tailed to individual needs. Any measurement result is incomplete unless the uncertainty of measurement is calculated and quoted together with measurement result. Calculation of measurement uncertainty can be incorporated in virtual instruments but so far there are no mechanisms incorporated in software offered in software produce. The realization of uncertainty calculation is in hands of virtual instrument developers. The paper is presenting a proposal how to tackle the problem of uncertainty calculation in virtual instruments and is one of example of is presented here


The aims of this study were to explore the effect of leadership styles towards job satisfaction in Malaysian public sector. In order to investigate the effect a quantitative design is used to measure the styles of leadership such as transformational leadership, transactional leadership, and entrepreneurial leadership. The data was obtained through online questionnaire used Google Form via WhatsApp. It was analysed to examine the effect of leadership styles towards job satisfaction in Malaysian public sector. The total of population for this study was 777, and the respondent was the worker inside Penang Royal Malaysian Customs Department. However, only 126 respondents answered the questionnaires given. The results of the survey revealed entrepreneurial leadership styles has the highest effect towards job satisfaction. The entrepreneurial leadership style helped in increasing the job satisfaction of the employees selected for this research. As the RMCD is one of the agencies to collect indirect taxes for government sector and drive Malaysian economic growth and improve the well-being of the people.


In recent years, reservoir groups are became the main research object. The hydrology and water resources alignment simulated by the stochastic simulation method is an effective method. The stochastic simulation method in the paper is used to the research of the region flood composition in the middle and the downstream of Lancangjiang river, a good result is got.


Cesium lead halide (CsPbX3) perovskites, having stood out for solar cell applications, are now garnering attention in the field of photocatalysis as well. With a fundamental challenge in photocatalysis of...


Pursuing network programming requires breaking through the barrier that most operating systems present at the transport layer. The reasons for the existence of this barrier are both security and convenience. The data link and network layers provide services such as address resolution and routing to the end user. In addition, users programming at these layers can easily spoof addresses, presenting a security risk.For the teacher and researcher, this barrier quickly becomes problematic. Networking students are familiar with the concepts at the lower layers and have a natural curiosity about the software that operates at those layers. Research into lower layer protocols necessitates pealing away the existing layers to replace them with experimental software. Implementing security software depends upon being able to intercept and sometimes inject packets at a low level in the hierarchy.An object-oriented framework for pursuing network programming at all layers above layer 1 is presented. This framework is realized as an open source project[5], providing an object-oriented class library that allows capturing packets at the lowest layers and injecting arbitrary packets into the network. It also includes a library of classes to model various protocol headers. Each class in this library includes the ability to parse a captured packet as well as build a packet from its component fields. This package has been implemented both in Java, using the JNI [14], and in C++.Uses for this framework are discussed, including a summary of a two M.S. projects that have been completed. Current work includes the development of ARP caching and basic routing table maintenance and manipulation. In addition, a number of packet editors exist that allow students to hand-craft packets for injection into the network. Future areas of exploration are outlined.


The axonal transport of the diverse group of polypeptides characteristic of slow component b (SCb), or Group IV, may be accomplished either by a bulk flow mechanism acting on each of the individual polypeptides or by their movement through the axoplasm as part of a physical complex or structural assembly. In order to determine if the SCb polypeptides travel as a cohesive unit (which would be consistent with the latter alternative above), we examined in detail the quantitative distribution of the individual SCb polypeptides in the guinea pig optic system at three different times after pulse radiolabeling the neuron cell bodies. Eighteen SCb polypeptides were selected as appropriate for analysis. Individual optic systems at the three select times after labeling were harvested, cut into small segments, and subjected to SDS-PAGE. Individual radioactive polypeptide bands were identified and located by fluorography, excised, and then quantified by scintillation counting. The results indicate that the SCb polypeptides travel cohesively: they all have nearly superimposable distribution profiles at the advancing "front" of the SCb wave of radioactivity. However, the distribution profiles are not identical: there is considerable variation among the polypeptides in the portion of the distribution profiles trailing behind the advancing peak and in the breadth of the peak's crest. This variation is consistent with the hypothesis that the individual polypeptides have differing affinities for an SCb group, or structure, as it moves down the axon. The majority of material transported anterogradely in axons is transported within three distinct axonal transport components. These three components of axonal transport were characterized initially by the rate at which they traversed the axons (as in Grafstein and Forman, 1980); however, recently, the idea has emerged that they also may be structurally and functionally distinct entities (Droz et al., 1975; Lorenz and Willard, 1978; Lasek, 1980; Tytell et al., 1981). The fast component of axonal transport (moving at 250 to 400 mm/day) and the slower component (SCa, moving at 0.2 to 1 mm/day) have both been relatively well characterized by both rate determinations and macromolecular constituents (Ochs, 1972; ' We gratefully acknowledge the excellent technical assistance of Shirley Ricketts and Diane Filsinger, the assistance of Michael Lark with the computations, and the secretarial skills of Mrs. Ann Martin during the completion of this work. This study was supported by the National Institutes of Health Predoctoral Fellowship HD-07104 to J. A. G. and National Institutes of Health Grants NS 14900-02 and NS 13658-03 to R. J. L. This work has been presented in preliminary form (Garner and Lasek, 1978). ' Present address: Department of Chemistry, Brain Research Group, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405. Hoffman and Lasek, 1975; Willard et al., 1974; Willard and Hulebak, 1977; Tytell et al., 1981). The fast component contains primarily glycoproteins (Forman et al., 1972), membranes and membrane vesicles (Droz et al., 1975; Tsukita and Ishikawa, 1980), or the materials related to transmitter release (Schwartz et al., 1976; Brimijoin, 1975). SCa, on the other hand, is composed primarily of cytoskeletal proteins, including tubulin and the neurofilament-associated proteins (Hoffman and Lasek, 1975; Lasek and Hoffman, 1975). Its structural counterpart has been suggested to be the axonal cytoskeleton (Lasek, 1980). The third major axonal transport component (at 2 to 4 mm/day) is the component designated SCb (Black and Lasek, 1979, 1980; Brady and Lasek, 1981; Garner and Lasek, 1981) or the Group IV polypeptides (Willard et al., 1974). SCb is extremely complex in constitution, the identity of its constituents ranging from microfilamentassociated proteins, such as actin (Black and Lasek, 1979; Willard et al., 1979), the myosin-like M-2 protein (Willard, 1977), and clathrin (Garner and Lasek, 1981), to many of the metabolic enzymes, such as creatine phosphokinase, nerve-specific enolase, and calmodulin (Brady and Lasek, 1981; Brady et al., 1981).


Solutions for mobility management in wireless networks have been investigated and proposed in various research projects and standardization bodies. With the continuing deployment of different access networks, the wider range of applications tailored for a mobile environment, and a larger diversity of wireless end systems, it emerged that a single mobility protocol (such as Mobile IP) is not sufficient to handle the different requirements adequately. Thus a solution is needed to manage multiple mobility protocols in end systems and network nodes, to detect and select the required protocols, versions and optional features, and enable control on running daemons. For this purpose a mobility toolbox has been developed as part of the EU funded Ambient Networks project. This paper describes this modular management approach and illustrates the additional benefits a mobility protocol can gain by using state transfer as an example.


Abstract In this paper we obtain the asymptotic expansions of the Carathéodory and Kobayashi metrics of strictly pseudoconvex domains with C∞ smooth boundaries in ℂn. The main result of this paper can be stated as following: Main Theorem. Let Ω be a strictly pseudoconvex domain with C∞ smooth boundary. Let FΩ(z,X) be either the Carathéodory or the Kobayashi metric of Ω. Let δ(z) be the signed distance from z to ∂Ω with δ(z) < 0 for z ∊ Ω and δ(z) ≥ 0 for z ∉ Ω. Then there exist a neighborhood U of ∂Ω, a constant C > 0, and a continuous function C(z,X):(U ∩ Ω) × ℂn -> ℝ such that and|C(z,X)| ≤ C|X| for z ∊ U ∩ Ω and X ∊ ℂ n


In our study 45 patients with different focal liver lesions (110 nodules) were examined using high field MR-system (1,5 T). During this investigation quantitative MRI analysis of dynamic enhancement of various hepatic lesions and parenchymatous organs of abdomen were performed. It was shown that quantitative evaluation of enhanced MRI improves understanding of vascular transformation processes in pathologic hepatic focuses and in liver itself that is important for differential diagnoses of these diseases.


Abstract. Leukocyte migration and immunocytoadherence tests have been used to demonstrate cold immunoglobulin receptors on peripheral blood lymphocytes of five patients with mixed idiopathic cryoglobulinaemia IgG‐IgM. Studies of these patients revealed that, contrary to finding with normal subjects, preincubation of lymphocytes at 4°C inhibited their migration and that as this temperature lymphocytes formed rosettes with other lymphocytes from the same subject. Inhibition of migration was, however, not observed when a B lymphocyte‐deprived leukocyte population was used and the rosettes formation was inhibited when pure human immunoglobulins or anti‐immunoglobulin sera were added to the lymphocyte suspension before cold exposure. It is suggested that cold immunoglobulin receptors are present on a proportion of peripheral blood B lymphocytes of cryoglobulinaemic patients.


Recently, the National Labor Relations Board (the "NLRB" or "Board") issued three highly anticipated opinions following the Supreme Court's decision in NLRB v. Kentucky River Community Care, Inc. , 1 involving the definition of the term "supervisor" under the National Labor Relations Act (the "NLRA" or "Act"). The Board's decisions, which have been referred to as "the Kentucky River decisions," were issued in three companion cases involving representation or election petitions filed by various labor unions. 2


The existence-uniqueness and stability of strong solutions are proved for a class of degenerate stochastic differential equations, where the noise coefficient might be non-Lipschitz, and the drift is locally Dini continuous in the component with noise (i.e., the second component) and locally Holder--Dini continuous of order $\frac{2}{3}$ in the first component. Moreover, the weak uniqueness is proved under weaker conditions on the noise coefficient. Furthermore, if the noise coefficient is $C^{1+\varepsilon}$ for some ${\varepsilon}>0$ and the drift is Holder continuous of order ${\alpha}{\in} (\frac{2}{3},1)$ in the first component and order ${\beta\in}(0,1) $ in the second, the solution forms a $C^1$-stochastic diffeormorphism flow. To prove these results, we present some new characterizations of Holder--Dini space by using the heat semigroup and slowly varying functions.


Quayside container cranes are important delivery machineries located in the most frontiers of container terminals, where strong wind attacks happen occasionally. Since the previous researches on quayside container cranes mainly focused on the mean wind load and static response characteristics, the fluctuating wind load and dynamic response characteristics require further investigations. In the present study, the aerodynamic wind loads on quayside container cranes were obtained from wind tunnel tests. The probabilistic and spectral models of the fluctuating aerodynamic loads were established. Then the joint probabilistic distributions of dynamic wind-induced responses were derived theoretically based on a series of Gaussian and independent assumption of resonant components. Finally, the results were validated by time domain analysis using wind tunnel data. It is concluded that the assumptions are acceptable. And the presented approach can estimate peak dynamic sliding force, overturning moments and leg uplifts of quayside container cranes effectively and efficiently.


Objective: To study the diagnosing value of atypical lung cancer.Method: Lung cancers of 49 cases proved by pathology and puncture were retrospectively analysed.Result: Of 49 patients,31 cases(63.3%)were diagnosed definitely in the begining,4 cases(8.1%)were failed to find,5cases(11.9%)were followed up to make a definite diagnosis,9 cases(16.7%)were misdiagnosed.Conclusion: Atypical lung cancer is difficult to diagnose,however,it can be definely diagnosed if realizing some signs of atypical lung cancers.


Low language skills are one of the obstacles in the communication process due to language errors. So this study aims to describe: (1) the types of errors contained in the paper, such as disclosure errors and transfer errors. (2) several factors that cause language errors. (3) As well as efforts to minimize errors that occur. The research method used is descriptive qualitative which contains explanations or descriptions written in detail, with a sample of 5 types of papers made by students. The results of the observations made were as follows: First, in the papers written by students, several types of language errors were still found, including: error in disclosure and transfer errors. Second, language errors that occur in writing papers are caused by several factors such as the influence of the learning process being / has been studied, not being careful when writing, a person's lack of knowledge of a language, environmental influences, or habitual factors. Third, language errors that occur in writing papers can be overcome with various efforts, among others: by providing sufficient knowledge of the types of language errors, being encouraged to learn more about the vocabulary of certain languages, and to increase the accuracy when carrying out writing activities.


Policy issues • AI systems in the context of employment are intrusive and have negative impacts on workers. The proposed Regulation fails to address the specificity of AI uses in employment, including platform work. An ad hoc directive on AI in employment is therefore necessary. • As a consequence of focusing the regulatory approach on highrisk applications, the majority of use cases are considered lowrisk, not subject to any evaluation and de facto authorised. • High-risk uses are permitted subject to compliance with specific requirements and an ex ante conformity assessment based on internal control checks. This approach stacks the deck in favour of tech providers when the priority of this Regulation should have been to protect EU citizens and workers' rights.


Two hundred genotypes of wheat (Triticum aestivum L) when subjected to Mahalanobis D2 analysis based on eight morphological characters were found to group into 16-clusters. Some genotypes having same pedigree did not represent the same cluster but were rather grouped into different clusters suggesting the lack of correspondence between the genetic divergence and pedigree. The genotypes collected/released from different places have been grouped in the same cluster suggesting that like the pedigree, place of origin/development did not have any relation with the genetic divergence. Based on genetic divergence and mean performance of genotypes the crosses namely Anza x WG138, Anza x Chris, WH291 x Parula 'S', WH291 x Veranopolis,WH291 x Torim and WH291 x NP846 can be involved in hybridization program for yield improvement in wheat.


- Engineering students at the University of Kentucky have designed and built solar powered cars for the 2008 North American Solar Challenge and the 2009 Formula Sun Grand Prix. Gato del Sol III, our most accomplished car, is powered by a solar array of 480 Silicon monocrystalline photovoltaic cells. Maximum Power Point trackers efficiently made use of these cells and tracked the perfect load. The cells are mounted on a fiber glass and foam core composite shell. The shell rides on a lightweight aluminum tube chassis, which is then powered by a 90% efficient brushless DC motor. Gato del Sol IV will be one of the fastest solar powered cars in the world with a top speed of 75mph. Internally, the car makes use of 168 high density lithium-polymer batteries to account for a 5kWh pack, enough to travel over 75 miles without sun. A homebuilt battery protection system and charge balancing system ensures safe and efficient use of the batteries. Various electrical sub-systems on the car communicate between themselves via Controller Area Network (CAN). This real time data is then transmitted to an external computer via RF communication for further analysis and on the fly improvements. Gato del Sol IV is building on the team's previous successes including a 2nd place finish at the 2009 Formula Sun Grand Prix beating teams from top ranked schools from across the globe. The team continues to promote awareness about smarter and greener technologies to K-12 students throughout the Commonwealth of Kentucky. Many educational tours and forums are organized to the same end in elementary, middle, and high schools around the state. More information about Gato del Sol can be found on the web at www.uksolarcar.com.


Maryse Conde's activist work addresses human sexuality in its plurality, presenting us with characters of diverse sexual identities who must find their way in a patriarchal and heterogeneous society. The choice of the subject of homosexuality, which is particularly present in some of her novels, stems from this desire to free French-language Caribbean literature from all its taboos. This study aims to analyze the different attitudes of LGBT characters in the Condean universe in relation to their sexual orientation, which is considered so deviant in the West Indies that it becomes unspeakable. By giving a voice to these minorities who have been ignored, the author touches on the issue of equal rights.


A novel neutron spin filter whose principle is based on the strong spin dependence of the neutron scattering on protons has been developed. The dimensions of this filter are small, and it works very efficiently and is stable even in inhomogeneous fields. The protons in the naphthalene spin filter crystal are polarized by a recently developed method of dynamic nuclear polarization using photoexcited triplet states. This technique allows the design of a very compact apparatus that can be placed at a close distance to the sample under investigation. The application of this filter as a polarization analyzer is demonstrated in a magnetic small-angle neutron scattering experiment with the measurement of the spin-dependent scattering signals of a CuFeNi alloy. This sample has a pronounced textured structure factor of ferromagnetic precipitates in a paramagnetic matrix. The performance of the spin filter as an analyzer is illustrated by the excellent agreement of the experimental data with simulations based on a model of homogeneously magnetized spherical particles which are ordered in a simple cubic paracrystalline lattice.


Modern enterprise's survival and development faced with a variety of risk,in post-financial crisis period,internal control as the important means to prevent and control risks,more and more enterprises pay attention s to it.In this new situation,enterprise supervision department has built the enterprise internal control basic standard and three related supporting guidance,marking the suitable for China's enterprise internal control standard system has basically completed.How to design their own internal control system and effectively implemented for enterprise is a key problem of development.At the same time,the modern enterprise is also faced with the integration of the world economy brings market competition;enterprises have been seeking management reform and innovation.Among them,the modification and optimization of the enterprise business process has became the mainstream,but in the new process of the operation process contains a larger risk,how to effectively control the risks,and safeguard the normal operation of the new process is the key and starting point of the enterprise internal control design.So from the internal control and the relationship of the business process reengineering,with sales receipts link as an example,it has realistic meanings to analysis how to design internal control from process reengineering perspectives.


Dear Editor, Sun et al. have carried out an interesting and important metaanalysis to show a significant association between proton pump inhibitor (PPI) monotherapy and cardiovascular events in patients taking PPI to treat gastroesophageal (GERD).1 They have found a 70% increase in cardiovascular risk in patients taking PPIs, particularly omeprazole. While they have tried to explain potential biological mechanisms that may underlie their results, we would like to provide additional mechanisms that may help to explain the relationship that they have found. There is now strong evidence supporting a relevant mechanism contributing to increased cardiovascular risk associated with PPIs. It is now widely accepted that the nitratenitriteNO pathway plays a major role in physiological NO formation independent of NO synthases.2 This pathway allows NO formation from inorganic nitrate and nitrite found in dietary or other endogenous sources, and therefore both enzymatic and nonenzymatic NO formation cooperate to preserve NO activity.2 Strikingly, recent studies have demonstrated that PPIs may significantly inhibit the nitratenitriteNO pathway, and thus impair physiological NO formation independent of NO synthases. In fact, the cardiovascular effects of oral nitrite and nitrate administration result of gastric formation of NO, nitrous anhydride, and other nitrosating species at low pH of the stomach, which allows complex chemical reactions that promote Snitrosothiols formation.3 Omeprazole almost fully prevented the effects of nitrite and nitrate, which require an acidic environment to generate NO and other NOrelated species resulting in cardiovascular protection.3–5 In addition, PPIs may also blunt the effects of other dietary components that may help to enhance nitritederived NO formation after the ingestion of food containing nitrite and nitrate.4 Moreover, a recent study showed that omeprazole impairs vascular reactivity by increasing vascular xanthine oxidoreductase activity, which increases vascular superoxide formation disturbing vascular redox biology.6 In summary, mounting evidence now suggests that PPIs may severely interfere with gastric metabolism of nitrite and impair the vascular biology of NO. Clinical studies are required to prove the relevance of these new findings suggesting that PPIs may disrupt NOmediated mechanisms, particularly in patients with subclinical cardiovascular diseases that are newly prescribed PPIs.7 CONFLICTS OF INTEREST


Direct numerical simulation was performed for the spatially advancing turbulent flow in a two-dimensional curved channel. The fully developed turbulence was introduced into the curved channel through a straight part, and observation was made for how the near-wall turbulence advanced along curved walls. The frictional Reynolds number, Reτ0, was fixed at 150, whereas the radius ratio of the curved channel, α, was changed at three steps; 0.8, 0.92, and 0.975. Five computational tests were performed, which include simulations with changing the spanwise length of the channel or the grid arrangement. The maximum number of grid points was 43,610,112 (=936 × 91 × 512) used in the case of α = 0.92. Numerical results for the curved flow were nearly free from the grid arrangement or the spanwise length of the channel, and changes of the mean velocity qualitatively agreed with the experiment by Kobayashi et al. [Trans. Jpn. Soc. Mech. Eng., Ser. B 57, 4064 (1991)], which both supported credibility of the simulation. ...


OBJECTIVE
This study reports two potential biomarkers of the physiological status of the cochlear nerve (CN) in cochlear implant users.

DESIGN
This project represents a complementary analysis on a subset of electrophysiological data from our recently published study. This study compared changes in N1 latency and stimulation level (i.e., N1 latency offset and stimulation level offset) with increasing interphase gap of a biphasic pulse between children with cochlear nerve deficiency and children with normal-sized CNs.

RESULTS
Children with cochlear nerve deficiency showed smaller N1 latency offsets and larger stimulation level offsets than children with normal-sized CNs at all electrode locations tested.

CONCLUSIONS
The N1 latency and stimulation level offsets differ in two patient populations with different physiological statuses of the CN. These parameters may be useful for evaluating CN function in individual cochlear implant patients.


SUMMARY Nonparametric likelihood methods are developed for the analysis of partially censored data arising from a multistate stochastic process. It is assumed that the underlying process follows a semi-Markov model in which state changes form an embedded Markov chain and sojourn times are independent with distributions depending only on adjoining states. The general likelihood function for a set of partially censored observations is determined and maximized nonparametrically. The resulting nonparametric maximum likelihood estimators of the model unknowns are found to have several attractive properties. Approximate distributional results are derived. Some key word8: Censored observation; Clinical trial; Nonparametric maximum likelihood estimation; Semi-Markov model.


After the first edition of PSI IV 424 by G. Vitelli in 1917, its photo was printed in Rosario Pintaudi, / papiri dell archivio di Zenon a Firenze, Pap. Flor. XXIV, Firenze 1993, tav. xxi, and in the cover jacket of the same volume. So far there are no corrections to the text. The papyrus is an hypomnema and comes from the fourth period of the Zenon archive. In the lacuna in 1. 2 the sender of the hypomnema should be mentioned and the reading [Έγησιλάο]υ has been proposed, because the name Ptolemaios, mentioned in 1. 12-13, s the sender's son occurs in PSI IV 405, 22-23, s well. However, the restoration is not certain, because about thirty persons with the name Ptolemaios are found in the Zenon archive, six of which are referred to s υιοί (see P.L. Bat. XXI A, ix Prosopography, p. 408, nos 3-7) of Έγησίλαος, Ηρακλείδης, Πτολεμαίος, Σισοΰχος and a certain ]ερμος. Then, in 1. 2-7 of ed. princ. we read


Immediately following the commentary below, this previously published article is reprinted in its entirety: D. Ornstein and B. Weiss, "Ergodic theory of amenable group actions, I. The Rohlin Lemma", Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. (N.S.) 2 (1980), no. 1, 161–164. Up to a small error, an ergodic measure preserving action of a group on a probability space can be approximated by a periodic action. For Z-actions this was proven by Kakutani [14] and Rohlin [23], and this statement is generally referred to as the Rohlin Lemma. More precisely, assume that (X,X , μ, T ) is a measure preserving system, meaning that (X,X , μ) is a probability space and T : X → X is a measurable, measure preserving, and invertible transformation. Thus the transformation T acting on the space (X,X , μ) gives rise to a Z-action. Further assume that this system is ergodic, meaning that the only measurable sets A ∈ X such that TA = A either have measure 0 or have measure 1. The Rohlin Lemma states that for an ergodic measure preserving system (X,X , μ, T ), any ε > 0, and N ∈ N, there exists a set F ∈ X such that T, TF, T F, . . . , TN−1F are pairwise disjoint and such that


Purpose Autistic adults use a variety of communication methods, including both speech and augmentative and alternative communication (AAC); however, there has been limited, if any, academic researc...


Objective
To investigate the prevalence characteristics for high risk adults of type 2 diabetes in Zhejiang.

Methods
From June to October in 2010, 19 113 local residents aged ≥ 18 years old were selected among 7 571 families from fifteen counties in Zhejiang by a four stage stratified-random sampling method. A self-designed questionnaire was completed to collect information on demographic characteristics, risk factors, and physical activity. At the same time, physical examinations including measurements of height, weight, blood pressure, and blood lipid levels were carried out. The high-risk population was determined according to the 2017 edition of China′s Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes.

Results
Finally, 17 437 people completed all the investigation projects. Among them, 14 455 people were at high risk of type 2 diabetes [aged (49.3+15.1) years, 6 902 men (47.75%) and 7 553 women (52.25%)]. The crude prevalence rate of high risk type 2 diabetes was 82.90% (standardized rate: 79.26%). A significantly higher prevalence rate of high risk type 2 diabetes was associated with the age group of 45 to 60 years (83.47%), men (84.49%), class 1 rural area (84.59%), primary school education level (87.04%), marital status (84.40%), and average annual family income less than 10 000 yuan (all P<0.05). Among the eight high risk factors, the detection rate of ≥40 years old was the highest (78.12%) and the detection rate of history of cardiovascular disease was the lowest (1.54%). The detection rates of overweight/obesity/central obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, sedentary lifestyle, pre-diabetes, and family history of type 2 diabetes were 42.86%, 31.28%, 29.98%, 29.18%, 7.28%, and 3.81%, respectively. High risk of type 2 diabetes was dominated by 1 high-risk factor (31.75%) or 2 high-risk factors (31.39%) or 3 high-risk factors (22.13%). The adults with 4 high-risk factors (11.01%) and 5 or more high-risk factors (3.71%) were less in number. The detection rates of all the risk factors and aggregation distribution of various risk factors were significantly different between different genders, age groups, regions and educational levels, marital status, and family per capita annual income.

Conclusion
The epidemic level of high-risk type 2 diabetes in Zhejiang province is relatively high, and health management of high risk of type 2 diabetes in community should be actively taken as early as possible according to the population distribution characteristics.

Key words:
Diabetes mellitus, Type 2; Epidemiology; Population of high risk


New chiral monosulfonamides …6-16 containing (11R,12R)-diamino-9,10-dihydro-9,10-ethanoanthracene as carbon skeleton were prepared. Compounds 6-12, 15 and 16 were used as optically active ligands in the enantioselective ethylation of benzaldehyde. Moreover, the monosulfonamides 6-10 were tested in the asymmetric transfer hydrogenation (ATH) of acetophenone with Rh(Cp*)L* complex.


After the publication of the first part of this catalog (Bachmann 1999), several type specimens were deposited, or found in the collection, and are here recorded. Some entries correspond to additional specimens of species already dealt with. In these addenda types of 69 names are recorded. A correction of the authors' names of one previous entry is included (Pothea andina, Reduviidae).


What is software architecture? A clear and simple definition is that software architecture is about making important design decisions that you want to get right early in the development of a software system because, in the future, they are costly to change. Being a good software architect is not easy. It requires not only a deep technical competency from practicing software architecture design in industry, but also an excellent understanding of the theoretical foundations of software architecture are gained from doing software architecture research. This chapter describes some significant research, development, and education activities that the author has performed during her professional trajectory path to develop knowledge, skills, and experiences around this topic.


A review of semantic Web use in the EU shows that its related technologies are finding their way into real-world applications. Rather than being a fashionable research issue, the semantic Web is slowly but surely becoming a reality.