Analysed the reasons of delay jitter of satcom frame relay network,and got the conclusion that the framer length of protocol and the change of waiting framer number in the link queue of satellite communication are main reasons for delay jitter of satcom frame relay network.Therefore,this paper rebuilt the model of delay jitter,and proposed a new method to suppress delay jitter of satcom frame relay network based on prediction and compensation.The results of simulation indicated that the method based on prediction and compensation could suppress delay jitter of satcom frame relay network effectively,and different delay jitter required by QoS was got by adapting different prediction parameters.


This research intended to prove whether the use of drama technique affected the students' speaking accuracy, fluency, and comprehensibility or not. This research employed quasi-experimental research design with the non-equivalent control group design. The population of this research was the second year students of senior high school that consisted of 260 students. This research used cluster random sampling technique. From nine classes, two classes were taken as a sample of the research. One class was chosen as the experimental class and another one as the control class. The total sample consisted of 72 students. In order to answer the research question, the instrument of this research was speaking test. The result of data analysis show ed that there was no significant different of the students' speaking accuracy, fluency, and comprehensibility of both classes in pre-test. But the students' speaking accuracy, fluency, and comprehensibility of both classes in post-test was significant, which means that drama technique can significantly affect the students' speaking accuracy, fluency, and comprehensibility.


"DNA barcode" was defined in 2003 by Hebert. The cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) was the target gene for species identification as a DNA barcode. However, most studies on fish species identification focused on the cytochrome b (Cyt b) gene as a DNA barcode of fish. Always, morphological characters of fish were partially or completely lost during processing, and it was difficult to identify the species of commercial fish products by externals. Commercial products were sometimes mislabeled or substituted by toxic or lower price fish species. The aim of this study was compared the divergency of COI gene and Cyt b gene of Monacanthidae in Taiwan seacoast, and chosen the suitable target gene as DNA barcode for identifying the commercial products. Aluterus monoceros, Aluterus scriptus, Cantherhines dumerilii and Monacanthus chinensis were collected from the seacoast of Taichung and Kaohsiung county in Taiwan. The commercial products of dry dressed fish fillets and fish cans were purchased from Ilan. 1553 bp of COI gene and 1141 bp of Cyt b gene were amplified by seven sets of primer. The homologous of Cyt b gene among these four species were from 74.25% to 89.06%. Homologous of COI gene among these four species were from 77.63% to 85.34%. The gene map was also shown that there were more point mutation in Cyt b region than COI region. In this study, we desiged a new set of common primer for amplifying 158 bp fragment in Cyt b gene region, and used for amplifying the degraded DNA from commercial products. After comparing the 87 bp of Cyt b gene of 12 dry dressed fish fillets and 6 can samples, the results shown that their fish source were not Monacanthidae which were all mislabeling. Therefore, it was the molecularly based study of Monacanthidae diversity and sheds light on the evolution and taxonomy of this major fish family and their commencial products.


The article characterizes the problem of transformation of the image of a woman in musical art from the Middle Ages to the present. The work uses both general scientific methods of research: analysis and synthesis, as well as historical methods. As a result, we consider the formation of women in musical art in the Middle Ages, the problems of salon music-making of the XVII-XVIII centuries, and the problem of transformation of the role of women in musical art at the turn of the XX-XXI centuries is characterized. As a result, it is noted that the music of the Middle Ages was defined by a cappella singing and unanimity. The most famous composer of that time was Hildegard of Bingen, who is considered the probable founder of opera. Women-troubadours - medieval poetesses, songwriters, and their performers - held a place of honor in the music of the time. The basic motifs of their songs were different: some sang the consolation of love, while others sang the suffering of one-sided love. Despite this, until the XX century, the attitude towards women musicians was biased, and the image of music was often used in literature to refer to the "new" woman, i.e., feminist.


In this study, a near-infrared, indole-cyanine probe, i.e. Cy5-HD, was designed for the detection of ascorbic acid for the first time. The probe has a hydrazone moiety that can be hydrolyzed by Cu2+ to induce the fluorescence quenching of Cy5-HD. However, the fluorescence quenching ability of Cu2+ will be weakened or even disabled in the presence of ascorbic acid, thus the fluorescence recovers. The practical applicability of Cy5-HD was tested by the determination of ascorbic acid in human urine samples, and satisfactory results were obtained.


The emergence of mosquito species resistant to insecticides widely used in malaria and dengue control has the potential to impact severely on the control of these disease vectors. A limited number of resistance mechanisms, including modification of the insecticides' target site, or changes in rates of metabolism involving esterases, glutathione S-transferases or monooxygenases operate in all insects. The potential for resistance to develop in vectors has been apparent since the 1950's, but the scale of the problem has been poorly documented. Few new public health insecticides have been developed for control of disease vectors for the past three decades and without good stewardship these insecticides will cease to be effective for vector control. This may have a dramatic effect in disease endemic countries, as few affordable alternative insecticides can rapidly be made available for vector control. Here we review our ability to optimally measure and manage insecticide resistance in field populations of insects, which is crucial to the long term sustainability of insecticide-based disease control campaigns.


In order to share screen among intelligent devices with high quality and low band width,a screen sharing system based on embedded system has been designed and implemented,which consists of a cross-platform client and server.For the purpose of reducing bandwidth and improving screen quality,a self-adaptive method based on scene recognition is proposed,which could recognize the application scene intelligently and adjust H.264 code rate according to network congestion state and application context.On the other hand,the server has been deployed on embedded board.For the server side,a solution based on multiple threads has been proposed,which consists of main thread,message receiving thread,decode thread and display thread.Every thread focuses on their own task,which could improve the robustness and coupling dramatically.Experiment results show that the proposed screen sharing system could support screen sharing between PC and embedded display system with 720 p high resolution.And this solution has the advantages including real time,low-bandwidth and low cost.


In a smart grid, the identity authentication between a smart meter and an aggregator is a prerequisite for both parties to establish a secure channel. All existing authentication schemes have their own shortcomings in either security or efficiency to make them difficult to meet the security requirements of the smart grid. In this paper, we are motivated to propose an efficient and secure mutual authentication scheme based on the extended Chebyshev chaotic maps. The smart meters and aggregators are registered with a trusted third party to conduct a mutual authentication. The proposed scheme provides anonymity protection for smart meters to achieve perfect forward secrecy. Through security analysis, we conclude that the proposed scheme has the characteristics of high security. In addition, we compare the proposed scheme with other three schemes in terms of number of encryption operations, computation delay. The performance comparison demonstrates that the proposed scheme is efficient without sacrificing the desired security properties.


Multiple sequence alignment is widely applied to discover core conserved regions among query sequences. However, the major deficiency is that alignment accuracy is extremely sensitive to primary sequence identity, which causes alignment of low identity sequences difficult. We propose a feature-integrated model called Feature-Incorporated Alignment (FIA) which integrates relevant biological characteristics including aromatic amino acids, hydrophilicity, β-stranded structure, and BLOSUM62 matrix to locate ligand-binding residue in carbohydrate binding modules (CBMs), a protein family with fairly low sequence identify but highly functional correlation. The results indicated that FIA can not only detect aromatic residues on the outer surface of structure, but also achieve better accuracy than ClustalW2 and DIALIGN-TX on entropy criterion in all three test datasets from CBMs. Computational analysis in CBMs can facilitate the discovery of crucial ligand-binding residues of carbohydrate-active enzymes.


Summary Extracts of Murraya koenigii Linn (Rutaceae) were screened for their in vitro antibacterial activity by agar diffusion method in comparison with standard antibiotic penicillin. The antibacterial activity of petroleum ether, chloroform, acetone, methanol and aqueous extract of leaves of the plant were studied using Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa as test organism. Out of all extracts tested, chloroform, acetone and methanol extracts were effective against all the four microorganisms. Aqueous extract was more effective against Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus. Petroleum ether extract was more effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli.


PURPOSE: A method for improving purification efficiency of polluted underground soil and water with liquid or dry media is provided to process the soil having low permeability efficiently with uniform injected material distribution. CONSTITUTION: A method for improving purification efficiency of polluted underground soil and water with liquid or dry media includes the following steps of: determining injection points with a pollution area(D) border(P); injecting the compressed gas to a direction or many directions in the center part of a pollution region from the pollution area border; completing an injection process of a boundary injection point on an alternate location of a contamination area; injecting the liquid or dry media to one direction or multi-directions; completing the injection or a pulverizing on the boundary injection part; and connecting the boundary injection point in the contaminated region with the media.


At this time, telecommunication networks are present everywhere. These networks are not only rather complex, but they are also made up of different components. That is the reason telecommunication network management (TNM) is so relevant. This paper deals with two important aspects of telecommunication network management: managed objects and expert system rules. Definition of objects is based on a structure provided by ISO guidelines. Expert system rules are necessary to develop the expert fault management. The NOMOS project (Integrated Expert System for the Management of a Power Utility Telecommunication Network) considers the concepts mentioned above. This project was sponsored by the Spanish Ministry of Industry and Energy. NOMOS has been applied to five different systems in two important power utilities, "Compañía Sevillana de Electricidad" (CSE) and "Unión Eléctrica Fenosa" (UEF).


EXECUTIVE SUMMARY * THE SARBANES-OXLEY REQUIREMENT FOR COMPANIES to develop key control processes has brought new attention to the well-known concept of materiality. CPAs need to be able to identify key control exceptions and apply materiality to determine their financial impact. * MATERIALITY IS BASED ON THE ASSUMPTION a reasonable investor would not be influenced in investment decisions by a fluctuation in net income less than or equal to 5%. This "5% rule" remains the fundamental basis for working materiality estimates. * WHEN REVIEWING THE MATERIALITY OF FINANCIAL statement misstatements that are uncorrected/unrecorded, an error can fall into three ranges--inconsequential, consequential and material. Companies must record errors that fall within the material misstatement range for the independent auditor to give an unqualified opinion. * COMPANIES SHOULD BASE WORKING MATERIALITY levels for control deficiencies on PCAOB Auditing Standard no. 2, which says consequential control deficiencies must be reported to the registrant's audit committee under Sarbanes-Oxley section 302. * ACCOUNTING ESTIMATION PROCESSES GENERALLY do not result in control deficiencies or uncorrected/unrecorded misstatements if they are reasonable, if the estimation process is flawed, broken or unreasonable, then a related control deficiency exists. ********** If you think you understand materiality and its uses, think again. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 has put demands on management to detect and prevent material control weaknesses in a timely manner. To help management fulfill this responsibility, CPAs are creating monthly key control processes to assess and report on risk. When management finds a key control does not meet the required minimum quality standard, it must classify the result as a key control exception. To develop the controls Sarbanes-Oxley requires, CPAs need to be able to identify key control exceptions. They also must correctly apply a familiar concept--materiality--to determine the financial impact of such exceptions. This article explains the four types of key control exceptions CPAs may encounter as well as how to apply materiality to evaluate each one. THE 5% RULE For many years accountants have used quantitative estimates to help them identify potentially material transactions and events. Working materiality levels or quantitative estimates of materiality generally are based on the 5% rule, which holds that reasonable investors would not be influenced in their investment decisions by a fluctuation in net income of 5% or less. Nor would the investor be swayed by a fluctuation or series of fluctuations of less than 5% in income statement line items, as long as the net change was less than 5%. This theory has been and remains the fundamental concept behind working materiality estimates today. Materiality is not a simple calculation. Rather it is a determination of what will vs. what will not affect the decision of a knowledgeable investor given a specific set of circumstances related to the fair presentation of a company's financial statements and disclosures concerning existing or future debt and equity instruments. However, because such a qualitative analysis is very complex, almost everyone--including CPAs--uses quantitative estimates to identify potential materiality issues. But this approach does not provide the entire solution. The summary to Staff Accounting Bulletin no. 99, Materiality (available on the SEC Web site at www.sec.gov), said, "This bulletin expresses the views of the staff that exclusive reliance on certain quantitative benchmarks to assess materiality in preparing financial statements and performing audits of the financial statements is inappropriate; misstatements are not immaterial simply because they fall beneath a numerical threshold." The "normal" calculation of the 5% working materiality level takes an SEC registrant's pretax net income from continuing operations and normalizies it by adjusting for unusual events not anticipated in the current year. …


This study was conducted to evaluate the thrombolytic activity and membrane stabilizing activity of Cissus adnata (Roxb.). Cissus adnata (Roxb.) has been first time reported in our study. The plant belongs to the vitaceae family and locally used for the treatment of tumors, boils and buboes. The methanolic, petroleum ether, dichloromethane, chloroform and their aqueous soluble partitioning materials extracts of Cissus adnata (Roxb.) were used to evaluate the thrombolytic property and the membrane stabilizing activity. Streptokinase was used as standard for the thrombolytic activity evaluation and the highest % of clot lysis was found in the the aqueous soluble fraction, which was 44.32. Ascorbic acid was used as standard for membrane stabilizing activity and the petroleum ether fraction provides comparatively best % inhibition of hemolysis (heat induced) which appears to be 351.


Active noise control system is based on the principle of destructive interference. An anti noise signal is generated with the help of adaptive filter and is superimposed on the noise signal and this result the unwanted noise reduction. we use the adaptive filter for anti noise contol in digital domain. However there is some time delay between the original noise signal and an anti-noise signal. That is way a secondary path is taken into consideration. the secondary path of ANC assessed by offline or online. In offline secondary path we consider that there is no reference noise is exist, but reference noise is exist in practical application and the secondary path changes with respect to the time. This lead to the instability of ANC system and adaptive filter do not converge. In such cases for proper functioning of ANC system time varying secondary path should be modelled online. online secondary modelling evolved from simple Eriksson methods to cross updated online modelling. Noise can be controlled in online secondary path modelling with the help of FxLMS Algorithm.


When was the last time you inspected your hot water heater? These large cylindrical units are commonly referred to as water 'tanks', and are often hidden in basement closets and ignored until a cold shower or growing water puddle reminds you of their startling importance. Failures such as slow leaks can go undetected, and water heater claim severities can be high. In this article, we review the basic structure of hot water heaters, provide guidance for gathering evidence in heater failure claims, and examine a failure case study that highlights common defects. According to a recent review of US homeowners' insurance claims, water heater failures constitute one of the top five sources of residential water losses.1 The results of the study showed that out of 700 tank failures, the majority (69%) were due to the tanks slowly leaking or suddenly bursting via rust and corrosion issues (see Figure 1). The age at failure ranged widely from 1-30 years (average of 10.7 years). We will explore different factors affecting this broad failure range. Anatomy of hot water heaters and how they work In North America, most homes utilize one of two distinct tank-type heaters: electric or gas-fired. Here, we will focus on electric heaters (Figure 2). Cold water enters through the top of the tank and travels down to the bottom through a dip tube. Electric elements inside the tank heat the water to a temperature controlled by an adjustable thermostat found on the tank's exterior. Colder, denser water remains near the tank bottom and hotter, less dense water rises to the top of the tank, where it is drawn off by the outlet pipe to supply household demands (sinks, showers, appliances, etc.). Reprinted from Issue June/July 2010


ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION. T___BR[M'TBIToT 203 seiynge that tlhcr beth vj, lhere entention is or schal be that tllere beth vTj portions of a gutte alnd that in every man or beest, having his begynnynge at the nethere mouth of tlle stomiiak, aiid so contynueth fortlhe aud is endid in the bredde of the founldement or the ers. Netheless be hath divers partis and formies aftir that he hatlh in the body divers operations and helpingis, anid tlherfore it is that divers portions of himn liaveth divers lianaes. But liercupon the philosopliore seith primo de Ilistoriis animaliumii that the lowver wombe of a mani, that ys to seie the guttis, is lyk unto the womube of a swyne and rizt as tlle wey of the miiete, and as the stomak hlatlh tweye tunielis; in the same maner hani alle the guttis tweye tunxiclis. The firste gutt is called duodenum ffor it is twelve ynichis in leliktlie, for he clositlh the nethere part of the stomak, and this gutt is eveine for the draggis sehlulden the liztloker and tlle suilere discenden fro the niethe mouth of the stomak. The secunde gutt is called jejunum, the wlich is conteyned with duodenum and he is clepid jejunum for lie is evermiiore empty bothe in the quike and ili the deed, aiid that for tweye causis. The firste for to him discendith color fro cista fellis and bitith hlih sore aiid drivith out of him dritt or tlle draggis clenly. The secunde for maiiye misraike veynes beth rotid in him the whiche drawen awey fro hlimi al foul filthe and corruption. The thiridde gutt is called ylion, .and this is the laste of the smale guttis. Vicary writes as follows: Galemi sayetl that the Guttes were ordeined in the first creation to 'convey time drosse of the meate and drinke, anid to cleanse the bodie of their :superfluities. And here it is to be noted that there be six portions of one whole gutte, which both in man and beast beginneth at the niether iiioutlh of the stomack, and so continueth forth to the end of the fundameint...A..nAd hereupon the Philosophers saye that the lower wombe of a man is like unto the wombe of a swine. The seconde portion of the guttes is called jejunium, for lie is evermore emnptie, for to him lyeth evermore tfle chest of the Gal beating him sore, and draweth foorth of him al the drosse, and cleanseth hlim cleane. Here the curious phrase, " beating him sore," makes absolute nonsense in Vicary, though it was never corrected in any of the editions. It was evidently a misreading of "bitith lhim sore" in the MS. This word " bite" is curious. It must refer to the supposed irritant properties of the bile. Lanfrank and Mondeville have similar, not identical, passages, which could not have been the original of Vicary. I will quote one more instance where an unintelligible passage in Vicary becomes clearwhen compared with its original. Vicary has, speaking of the neck and throat: " Furthermore, .cana pulmonis via trachea arteria-all these be one thing; that is to say, the throte boll." This has puzzled Dr. Furmivall, as it would puzzle anyone who paid sufficient attention to the work, and he suggests in explanation reading I cava pulmonis via." This is not a recognised expression, lhowever. In the MS. I read: " Canna pulmonis, via aeris, tracelia arteria ben al oon thing, and ben as much to say the throte bolle." The change of phrase is notable. The phrase "' canna pulmonis, reed going to the lung," is used also by Moiideville, wlho has the whole sentence. The following seems to refer to the ligamentum nuchwe: The seconde principal part of the neck beth ij services, the which both contain longitudinal flesh ligging in the iniddle up the two sides of these aforesaid spondils from the basilar bone to the seventh spondil, and also on the -sides of all the spondils of the riggebone, down to the nethermost side. And this manner of flesh is called in sum countrie in lEnglisli vix vax, and of summe young children it is called yolowe heer; and these long services were made for this cause, that when the sinewis ben weary of her mevynge and travail mowen raste upon it as upon a quilte or upon a -materas. Vicary.-The first is pix wex or servisis, and it is called of children gold hair or yellow hair, the whiclh are certain lonlgitudinals; and they are ordered for this cause, that when the servisis ben wery of overmuch moving and travail they may Test upon them as upon a bed. It will be asked, Is there nothing in Vicary which is not in the older writer ? There are a few short passages: I. The curious names of the teeth, which are not in the MS or in Mondeville; whence they come I do not know. 2. A rather long account of the bones of the foot is not in _IS. 3. The curious name "gwidege" for the jugularveins, ex-plained by Dr. Furnlivall as coming from the Arabic, is not in MS. 4. A few references to Guido=Guy de Chaluliac, wlho must liave been about a contemporary of our autlior, and is never mentionied by hini. Vicary onits a great deal and abbreviates a great deal of the -MS. Hlis treatise} cannot be more than half as long. The 7 quotations from ancient writers are given very loosely and inaccurately by Vicary, but are the same as given fully in the MS. Most, lhowever, are given by Mondeville. I will not weary you with more quotations. These, I tlhink, show either one of two things: (i) Vicary was in possession of a copy of this treatise, of which lie made an abridgment, using the same words, sometimes not understanding them, and brought it out as his own. One does not like to think of Vicary as an actual literary impostor, and there is, perhaps, another supposition. (2) Possibly Vicary did not profess to be the author. The only absolutely known printed edition was brought out fifteen years after his death by his colleagues at St. Bartholomew's Hospital, and they may have found a manuscript tract which they regarded as Vicary's, though he had never laid claim to it, and published it as his. In any case the real author or compiler was our anonymous friend of the fourteenth century, about whom I wish I knew more. His book is, I thiink, interesting as an example of the medical language of the time. Vicary's book is not really an example of the language of his time, his nomenclature being quite out of date, though the spelling and diction are modernised.


the p-value was <0.05. Ninety five percent of patients had cognitive impairment at baseline. Mean age of presentation was 34.3 years for Low grade glioma (LGG) and 43.8 years for High Grade Glioma (HGG). 55% of patients had LGG while 45% had HGG. Overall, there was transient decline in cognition from T0-T1 and a gradual improvement beyond the baseline from T1-T2. This improvement was across all domains but was significant in the total ACE score, memory and fluency. LGG showed the greatest improvement in cognition especially in the fluency domain. Sixty percent of the tumors were subtotally resected and showed significant cognitive change in the domains of Attention, fluency and Visuospatial association. Glioma surgery in our setting results in a transient decline in cognition one week postoperatively after which improvement in cognition beyond baseline is noted one month post operatively.


This paper devises a novel aircraft test flight assistance system by monitoring the sensor networks. In the flight test, the measuring rake uses a pitot tube to measure the total and static pressures. The total and static pressure sensors measure absolute pressures. When the internal flow rate of the inlet is small, the difference between the total and static pressures is very small, which will lead to some large flow measurement error. To overcome this challenge, this research work has designed a novel sensor network monitoring network system to perform the data collection work. The intelligent assessment model is then combined for performing further processing of features. Also, the proposed system is applied in the real-time applications.


Objective To explore the acknowledgement to the suicide attitude of the students in the technical and vocational schools from the different nationalities,grades and genders,and the influence of the acknowledgement to the suicide attitude on the suicide consciousness,suicide plan and attempt. Method To investigate 2032 students from 2 technical and vocational schools. The definition of the suicide action and the design of the questionnaire are the same with the American CDC's YRBSS. Result Different suicide attitude appears in the students of the different nationalities,grades and genders. The acknowledgement to the suicide nature and euthanasia influence the suicide action. Conclusion To strengthen the acknowledgement to the suicide is helpful to prevent the students' suicide actions.


The organic farming sub-sector in Macedonia follows an industrial model of agriculture and its development is mostly based on expectations of market price premiums. The organic farming community is very small and at the beginning of a learning curve. In these circumstances supply is seen as the biggest problem in developing a market. The study involved an analysis of consumers' perceptions and needs for organic agriculture. It also focused on opportunities for developing an organic domestic market and supply chain by stakeholder analysis. Farmers and the supply chain are not yet ready for export and any potential initiative that organizes collective capacities should be welcomed. The success of any endeavour depends greatly on an increase in transparency within the organic community and the supply chain. Development of the domestic market should be given priority at this point as it has greater chance of short term success and would serve as a foundation for later accessing the export market.


In this paper, we study the problem of communication from rovers on Mars' surface to Mars-orbiting satellites (orbiters). We first justify that, to a good extent, the problem can be modelled as communication over a 2×2 Gaussian Xchannel with varying topologies. We then study the capacity of such a channel under the assumption that no channel state information is provided to the transmitters (i.e., no CSIT) other than the network topology. By proposing a strategy that takes advantage of coding across topologies and developing novel upper bounds, we characterize the sum degree-of-freedom (DoF) and the ergodic sum capacity to within a constant gap for the 2×2 X-channel with varying topologies. In addition, we demonstrate the performance gain of the proposed scheme over the baseline time-division-multiple-access (TDMA) scheme currently in use.


To the Editor.— Physicians reading the Hypertension Detection and Follow-up Program (HDFP) (242:2562, 1979) report should feel both excited and challenged—excited because we now have evidence that pharmacologic control of even mild hypertension reduces mortality, and challenged because published evidence increasingly suggests that special treatment programs do a better job controlling high blood pressure (HBP) than do practicing physicians. 1-3 The HDFP results justify even more vigorous nationwide hypertension detection and control efforts. Occupational and community treatment programs have proved effective; where appropriate, these models should be applied as alternatives to traditional medical care. Meanwhile, is it possible that solo and small group practice physicians could achieve equally high levels of HBP detection and control if they and their patients had access to special community programs that would facilitate compliance and control? Our experience in rural west-central Maine may help answer these questions. During the last five years, the Franklin


In this paper we present a strategy for developing the next generation of proposal preparation tools so that we can continue to optimize scientific returns from the Hubble Space Telescope in an era of constrained budgets. The new proposal preparation tools must be built with two goals: (1) to facilitate scientific investigation for observers, and (2) to decrease the effort spent on routine matters by observatory staff. We have based our conclusions on lessons learned from the Next Generation Space Telescope's Scientist's Expert Assistant experiment. We conclude that: (1) Compared to existing Hubble Space Telescope's Phase II RPS2 software, a modern set of proposal tools and an environment that integrates them will be appreciated by the user community. From the user's perspective the proposed software must be more intuitive, visual, and responsive. From the observatory's perspective the tools must be interoperable and extensible to other observatories. (2) To ensure state-of-the-art tools for proposal preparation for the user community, there needs to be a management structure that supports innovation. Further, the development activities need to be divided into innovating and fielding efforts to prevent operational pressures from inhibiting innovation. This will allow use of up-to-date technology so that the system can remain fluid and responsive to changes.


Ironically, one of the biggest legal hazards under misuse of drugs legislation is one of the least well‐known. Offences such as unlawful production and supply of drugs are well‐established in the public domain, but the occurrence of these crimes, among others, can constitute a separate offence when committed in premises. The specific offence in question is section 8 of the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971, which is designed to compel persons who are the occupiers of premises, or otherwise concerned in their management, to self‐police such places against certain drug activities. This article will examine the main provisions of section 8 and then argue that it is in need of reform in order to bring it more effectively into the 21st century.


The advent of polymeric power cables quite naturally led to the requirement for compatible accessories. This paper is limited to terminations that follow the conventional fluid filled cable philosophies, adapted for polymeric cables. By the time that polymeric cables were entering the market, fluid filled cable terminations were established in three main categories, viz. outdoor, oil immersed (transformer direct connections) and SF/sub 6/ immersed (GIS or metal clad switchgear direct connections). The CIGRE WG21-06 have produced Publication 89 entitled 'Accessories for HV Extruded cables' 1995. This report covers joints, including transition joints, as well as the termination types mentioned above and a glossary of definitions. The report illustrates typical examples of the various categories within the broad headings. In this paper, the more common types of designs in current use are considered.


Dysmenorrhea is menstrual pain due to uterine contractions as a result of increased production of prostaglandin and release of the endometrium during menstruation. Dysmenorrhea causing discomfort in women, difficulty walking, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, which can interfere with routine activities. Lavender aromatherapy is believed to alter the perception of pain. The purpose of this research is the effect of using aromatherapy lavender against menstrual pain level of SMA Negeri I Kasihan Bantul. This research uses pre-experimental design method of time series design, with purposive sampling technique, consisting of 40 students. Assessment of pain intensity before and after being given effeurage massage using lavender aromatherapy immediately on the first day mestruasi and repeated 6 hours later. The analysis using the Wilcoxon matched pairs test, Z count -3.640 and asymp sig. (2-tailed) 0.000. There is significant influence giving effeurage massage using lavender aromatherapy to decrease disminorea. Keywords : Dysmenorrhea, effeurage massage, aromatherapy lavender


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a radio communication system capable of improving a system capacity even in a large-scale radio communication system, a base station device, and a scheduling method. SOLUTION: The radio communication system is configured by a plurality of base stations and a plurality of terminal stations and sets a frequency band (priority band) preferentially used by each base station. In the radio communication system, the priority band of each base station is mutually set differentially, and the base stations determine adjacent base stations as interferences to the communications of the base stations when the adjacent base stations adjacent to the base stations use the same frequency band at the same time as for communications of the base stations in case of communications with the terminal stations under the base stations. In the radio communication system, the base stations require the stops of all or a part of the priority bands or the reduction of a sending power to the adjacent base stations as the interferences from the base stations in communicating with the terminal stations under the base stations, and communicate with the terminal stations under the base stations in the priority bands requiring the stops of usage to the adjacent base stations as the interferences or the reduction of the sending power. COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT


This paper presents a brief summary of the technical brochure developed by the CIGRE task force 25, under the advisory group 02 of the study committee 38, on the modeling of gas turbines and steam turbines in combined-cycle power plants. The technical brochure, to be published by CIGRE central office, was the result of over eighteen months of collaborative work amongst 27 members and contributors from 11 countries.


New piezoelectric crystal La 3Ga 5SiO 14 has attracted much attention due to its low acoustic velocity, zero temperature coefficient delay and excellent thermal stability at high temperature. The disadvantage for industrial application is the expensive price of raw materials, especially for Ga 2O 3. A series of new piezoelectric single crystals with langasite structure can be obtained by ion replacement. Progress on the research of single crystals with La 3Ga 5SiO 14 structure formed by the replacements of La, Ga and Si are reviewed in this paper. The growth methods, growth parameters and piezoelectric properties are comparatively discussed. Compared with other crystals, Sr 3Ga 2Ge 4O 14 (SGG) has lower melting point and better performance. Thus, SGG is the most potential candidate material for the new type SAW devices. Compared with Czochralski method SGG single crystal growth with crucible capsuled vertical Bridgman method can improve crystal production and lower the cost efficiently.


Hake mince was stored at −18°C and samples were withdrawn at intervals during a 300-day period. The extracted lipids were examined for free fatty acid (FFA) and phosphorus (P) content. Total FFA contents were corrected for a phospholipid contribution and converted into genuine FFA contents. Using these genuine FFA contents and the knowledge that the loss of one mole of lipid-P produces two moles of FFA made it possible to calculate the separate contribution of the phospholipids and the neutral lipids to the FFA formed on storage.

It was found that FFA originated from both phospholipids and neutral lipids and after an initial rapid surge of FFA formation from both sources the rates declined and became virtually constant. The results for the Cape hake are compared with literature data of the Atlantic cod and the Baltic herring.


In this paper, the first-person plural diachronic behaviour of the verb form habemos with an existential value is analysed to explore its recovery in current Spanish as a case of refunctionalization. The latter is understood as timely cooptation of a form, which begins with any of the form's characteristics. It is known that the cooptation's origin might be directly, indirectly or not at all related to the previous or original use of the form. Results shown here are based on the analysis of constructions in which the first-person plural verb form of haber is used with a possessive meaning, as an auxiliary, and as existential between the 13th and 21st century. While grammaticalization theory pays attention to processes that culminate with grammatical enrichment of words or constructions, the verb form habemos with an existential meaning does not show that behaviour. It is explained as a case of refunctionalization or, at least, specialization.


We studied nucleation probability distributions of a model natural gas (a mixture of 90% methane and 10% propane; C1/C3) hydrate in aqueous solutions of salts using the combinations of seven anions (F–, Cl–, Br–, I–, SCN–, NO3–, SO42–) and seven cations (NH4+, K+, Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Mn2+, Al3+) at a broad range of concentrations. A high pressure automated lag time apparatus (HP-ALTA) was used for the study. HP-ALTA can apply a large number (>100) of linear cooling ramps under isobaric conditions to the sample and construct nucleation probability distributions of C1/C3 mixed gas hydrate for each sample. We found that (1) ions can promote or inhibit gas hydrate formation at concentrations below 1 M, (2) this promotion or inhibition effect of salts did not depend on the valency of the ions involved for the range of salts studied, (3) the width of the nucleation probability distributions (stochasticity) of gas hydrate decreased in the presence of ions, (4) this decrease in the distribution width was largely ind...


Starting from the production property of power,Michael Foucault did his research on the modern power and placed emphasis on its participants.His research is from a microcosmic visual angle.The teacher-student relationship contains an operation of power.The characteristics exist in the power interactivity between the teacher and the student,which not only has conflicts with traditional power,but also becomes the inducement of the teacher-student conflict due to the overrun of disciplinary power.The micro-power theory provides two approaches for teacher-student conflict: partial struggle and modern esthetics of existence.


Complex chromosome rearrangements (CCRs) are rare structural abnormalities involving more than two chromosome breaks and the reciprocal exchange of segments between at least two chromosomes (Pai et al., 1980). Accurate identification of CCRs is a challenge to cytogeneticists, especially when they are found in prenatal diagnosis posing problems in counseling couples (Ruiz et al., 1996). Recently, we reported a de novo CCR involving five chromosomes with four rearrangements and ten breakpoints detected prenatally by conventional cytogenetics and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) (Mechoso et al., 2007). Prenatal/postnatal cytogenetic, FISH and high resolutioncomparative genomic hybridization (HR-CGH) analyses revealed an apparently balanced de novo CCR ascertained as 46,XY,t(2;3;9)(q21;p24;q22),der(5)inv(5) (?p11q13)t(5;11)(?p13;q25),ins(5;3)(?p13;?p23p24). Postnatal follow-up to 9 months of age showed an apparently normal baby. We emphasized the fact that in spite of the improvement in the cytogenetic diagnosis thanks to the combination of traditional banding methods with FISH and HR-CGH, we could not explain the CCR exactly in more detail. The use of CGH especially in this case was limited. On the other hand, we also pointed out the need for long-term postnatal follow-up in assessing the consequences of apparently balanced CCRs. Here, we report the follow-up of the child now with 20 months of age. By high-density array-CGH analysis, no obvious imbalance was detected. On follow-up at 20 months, patient's weight was 12 kg (25th–50th percentile), head circumference 49 cm (50th–75th percentile) and length 83 cm (25th–50th percentile). His psychomotor developmental milestones were normal. Unaided walking was possible at 14 months of age. He could say 12–15 words. He had no sphincter control and he slept very well. To detect imbalances in the chromosomal rearrangements observed, high-density array-CGH experiments were performed. The Agilent Human Genome CGH microarray kit 44B (Agilent Technologies, Inc.) was used as described before (Quadrelli et al., 2007). The microarray contains approximately 43 000 60-mer oligonucleotide probes which provide genome-wide coverage for >30 000 mapped genes with a spatial resolution of 30–35 kb. Experiment was performed as recommended by the manufacturer. Briefly, patient genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood using the Pure Gene kit (Gentra Systems, Minneapolis, MN). Both reference DNA (Promega, Madison, WI) and test DNA were digested with RsaI and AluI (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA), and then purified using a Clean and Concentrator kit (Zymo Research, Orange, CA). Purified test and reference DNA samples were labeled with Cy5and Cy3 labeled dCTPs (GE Healthcare Bio-Sciences Corp. Piscataway, NJ) respectively using a BioPrime random labeling kit (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA). The labeled test and reference DNA samples were combined, and hybridized to the microarray slide. After hybridization and washing, the slide was scanned on an Agilent Microarray Scanner and captured images were analyzed with Feature Extraction Software v8.1 and CGH Analytics 3.1 (Agilent Technologies, Inc.). The enhanced resolution of high-density array-CGH demonstrated no imbalance at such a high-resolution. In the present case, postnatal follow-up to 20 months of age showed an apparently normal baby. The introduction of FISH techniques and the combined use of array CGH provide a comprehensive analysis of chromosomal rearrangements in patients who have apparently balanced translocations (Speicher and Carter, 2005). The CCR described here was first identified by standard chromosome banding techniques. The complexity of the rearrangement demanded molecular cytogenetic studies to provide a more precise delineation of the structural abnormalities. However, we were unable to establish the balanced or unbalanced nature of the rearrangements not targeted by the applied FISH and CGH studies. At least 24 cases with a prenatally detected CCR have so far been reported. As in our case, most of these were de novo in origin and apparently balanced. The review of these cases showed the paucity of information and the difficulty in evaluating the risks for malformations, dysmorphic features and/or mental deficiencies (Peschka et al., 1999; Chen et al., 2006; Giardino et al., 2006). As indicated by Giardino et al., the difficulty of genetic counseling following the detection of a de novo prenatal CCR is due not only to the paucity of published information, but also by the 'private' nature of each CCR and the frequent absence of a molecular characterization aimed at detecting the possible associated cryptic aneusomies. The present report represents one more contribution in gathering information from phenotype descriptions of fetuses with de novo CCR prenatally detected and postnatal follow-up together with the combined use of high-density array-CGH for the identification of copy number changes across the whole genome.


The present invention discloses a cotton fabric tencel-like treatment process, which sequentially comprises the procedures as follows: desizing, oxide bleaching, mercerizing, enzyme treatment, dyeing, after-classification and other procedures. The present invention carries out the tencel-like treatment for cotton fabrics and increases the adaptability of cotton fabrics, so that the high-count and high-density poplin fabrics feels smooth and wears comfortable and permeable after the treatment. The tencel-like treatment for cotton fabrics is simple and the cost is low. In addition, the raw material for cotton fabrics is easily obtained and the tencel-like treatment increases the added value of the product. Through the tencel-like treatment, the price of the cotton fabrics is low and thus ordinary people can enjoy soft hand feeling, elegance, comfort and permeability of the tencel fiber.


Even before the Pittsburgh Penguins National Hockey League (NHL) franchise won the Stanley Cup in 2009, it was clear that the team needed a modern new home to match its growing success. The Penguins' previous facility, the dome-shaped Mellon Arena (previously known as the Civic Arena and owned by the Sports and Exhibition Authority of Pittsburgh and Allegheny County), was nearly 50 years old and was outdated with respect to fan accommodations, number and size of suites, and ability to accommodate various modern shows and concerts. Thornton Tomasetti was responsible for the structural design and construction support engineering services of the Penguins' new home, a $321-million, 720,000-sq. ft. arena. Populous (formerly HOK Sport Venue Event), of Kansas City, Missouri, was the architect of the new, larger venue, which is officially known as the Consol Energy Center. Designed to accommodate hockey and basketball games, as well as other events, the 19,000-seat arena is the first NHL arena to achieve gold certification in the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) Green Building Rating System, which is administered by the U.S. Green Building Council, of Washington, D.C. This paper will discuss the development, design and construction process for the new Consol Energy Center in Pittsburgh, PA. While technical topics will be addressed, the focus of this paper will be the bigger picture topics related to the CM at risk, fast-track design and construction process with the early procurement of critical subcontractors and the effective utilization of the design assist philosophy. We will discuss the close collaboration of the design team and the projects Construction Manager- a joint venture of Pittsburgh-based P.J. Dick and Indianapolis based Hunt Construction to not only select the most economical structural systems and components, but to also develop procurement strategies that supported the fast-track process that allowed the construction to be completed in 24 months, from the August 2008 ground breaking to the 2010 opening. The use of building information modeling systems and the close collaboration of key structural contractors in a design assist role were critical in keeping the project on its tight schedule


Abstract Various 4,4′ -bis(N2-[4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl]aspartimido)diphenylmethane-type bisaspartimide-diamines have been used as solventless curing agents for epoxy resins. The thermal curing was performed at 170, 190, and 230°C to give a tough brown polymer. Thermogravimetric analysis of the polymer obtained showed thermal stability up to 330°C and char yields of 45% in N2 at 800°C and 12% in air at 700°C. The thermal curing reaction was monitored using FT-IR. The synthesized polymers are useful for making composites, laminates, and adhesives.


Student participation is very important in learning activities in the classroom. This research aims to determine the differences in students participation with learning methods Discovery Learning and Project Based Learning. This type of research is an experimental research and data collection techniques using observational methods and test methods. The results showed that the use of learning methods Discovery Learning and Project Based Learning in increasing students participation at SMK 9 Surakarta namely Comparison to the control class (Discovery Learning) with an average value of 82.84, while the experimental class (Project Based Learning) to the average value -rata at 73.32. It can be concluded that "There is a difference in the use of learning model Discovery Learning Multimedia XI B (control group) and Project Based Learning XI Computer Network (class of experiments in increasing the participation of students in the subjects of craft and Entrepreneurship class XI student at SMK 9 Surakarta.


An algorithm of point in polygon testing based on normal direction is presented.A ray having several crossing points with the edges of polygon is drawn through a fixed point,two vectors are given from undetermined point to the endpoints of edge,then their normal directions is calculated.By using the normal direction as a reference for point in polygon test,the sum of normal directions of points and those edges is calculated.If the numbers of positive normals and negative normals are the same,the point is outside the polygon,otherwise,the point is inside the polygon.In the testing,the presented method can decrease computing time and can aviod some mistakes of other algorithm,its complexity is o(n).Experimental result show this algorithm is suitable for some other cases including self-intersection polygon.


1. Introduction Separation induced by kinetic effects using zeolite as a shape selective adsorbent is of great industrial concern. The control of diffusion process, requiring a precise knowledge of self-, transport and corrected diffusivities (D self , D t and D C , respectively), is essential for the design of industrial applications. D self and D t are usually measured directly by microscopic and macroscopic methods, respectively, while D C is extracted from the macroscopic quantity D t using the Darken equation, D t (θ) = D C (θ) ∂lnf / ∂lnθ. Those


The becoming history 1409 Naval clinical hospitals Russian Defense Ministry since November, 1942 is presented in article. At this  conjuncture the Great Patriotic War there were traditions: dedication,  enthusiasm for any business, keenness, high professionalism, all years  inherent in staff of hospital. Expansion of tasks, facing the Baltic Fleet  demanded further improvement of work of united staff of hospital. Now Federal State Budgetary Institution 1409 VMKG the Russian  Defense Ministry is the potent medical and preventive institution which  is successfully carrying out tasks of preservation and promotion of  health of the military personnel of the Baltic Fleet.


The information extraction development of medical image, for instance Liver picture from exact camera, is complete of complexities and noises. As a result, cost used up on such processing like time and resources is high, particularly for big and complex quantity of information. This manuscript uses computer visualization-based methods to address the challenges. This method mainly includes four stages with unlike algorithms to deal with the medical liver images. Initially, smoothing algorithm is used to reduce the noise. Secondly, filtering algorithm is used for image study so as to recognize the target region. Thirdly, further enhancement algorithm is used to figure out the image features within the target area, finding out the basic outline of the image. Eventually, reduction algorithm is utilized to convert the original images into more smooth and precise pictures. Tentative results demonstrate that computer visualization-based medical image processing algorithm can accurately extract the relevant data and achieve better results, comparing with the traditional image processing method.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyze the attribute preferences of buyers of branded pulses and to study the differences in preferences between consumers who purchase from traditional retail stores and those who purchase from modern retail stores. Design/methodology/approach – A total of 300 respondents (150 respondents from traditional and 150 respondents from modern retail outlet) participated in the study. Conjoint analysis was used to assess the consumers' attribute preferences for branded pulses. Findings – For both traditional and modern retail outlets, profile with highest utility was the profile with established brand, low price, high quality and normal packaging. Research limitations/implications – Shoppers of traditional and modern retail outlets have similar attribute preferences for branded pulses. Hence, it can be concluded that the purchase point makes no difference in consumer attribute preferences. Practical implications – Results indicate that in both traditional and modern re...


The measurement accuracy during the determination of a thickness (d) of rolling stock (4), in particular a rolling strip or a metal plate, is improved by remotely measuring a base measurement value (G) for the thickness (d) by means of a radiation measurement system (8) having a radiation source (12) and a radiation detector (16), wherein the radiation source (12) and the radiation detector (16) are carried by a holding mechanism (6), and wherein additionally a reference measurement value (R) for the thickness (d) is measured by means of an ultrasonic measurement head (24) that is likewise arranged on the holding mechanism (4). The reference measurement value (R) is used to eliminate the influence of errors on the base measurement value (G).


ABSTRACT The 13C NMR behavior of 10 oxygenated compounds (ketones, alcohols, acetates) bearing the bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane skeleton was examined in the presence of a chiral lanthanide shift reagent (Yb(hfc)3). For each compound, we measured the lanthanide-induced shift (LIS) on the signals of the carbons and the splitting of signals, enabling the enantiomeric differentiation. The enantiomeric splitting was observed for the majority of signals in the spectrum of each compound.


In view of the problem that multiple targets are present in the main-lobe of the rotating radar,a method based on the idea of spatial spectrum estimation is proposed,which apples the RBF neural network theory to scanning radar.First a signal model of scanning radar system DOA estimation is presented and a high resolution DOA estimation algorithm is advanced based on RBF network.Then the lower speed of learning and convergence for conventional method is analyzed,thereafter a network learning algorithm based on fuzzy algorithm for learning vector quantization is proposed.In this method,the fuzzy weigh function of the mean of fuzzy-C and the online adaptive adjustment is adopted to determine the weigh between the input and the centre,which makes the network possess a better nonlinear approach performance and high-efficiency convergence.Both the theoretical analysis and the simulation results indicate that this network is fast and exact in estimation performance.The algorithm is effective and is of higher practical value.


Solar photocatalytic decolorization and detoxification of batik dye wastewater using titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) immobilized on poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (P(3HB)) film was studied. The effects of initial dye concentration, catalyst concentration, P(3HB) film thickness, and fabrication methods of the nanocomposite films were evaluated against methylene blue, a standard organic dye. It was observed that 0.4 g of P(3HB)-40 wt% TiO 2 removed 96% of the color under solar irradiation. P(3HB) and TiO 2 , mixed concurrently in chloroform followed by stirring for 24 h showed a more even distribution of the photocatalyst on the polymer surface and yielded almost 100% color removal. The photocatalytic films were able to completely decolorize real industrial batik dye wastewater in 3 h and induced a chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction of 80%. Reusability of the 0.4 g P(3HB)-40 wt% TiO 2 film in decolorizing the batik dye wastewater was also possible as it gave a high consistent value of decolorization percentage (>80%) even after the sixth repeated usage. Recovery step of the photocatalysts was also not required in this simple treatment system. The decolorized batik dye wastewater had less/no toxic effects on mosquito larvae, Aedes aegypti, and microalgae, Scenedesmus quadricauda indicating simultaneous detoxification process along with the decolorization process.


It analyzed the new conception of new style of setting-up Qigong—Wuqinxi,which was concerned in the following aspects: the value of the compilation oriented to taking broad masses of the people as a dominant factor,and had the training purpose of improving and keeping their health in mind;it was compiled on the basis of absorbing the essence and discarding the dross from the traditional Wuqinxi and combined with the distinctive features of the time and after replenishing and perfecting the new contents and thoughts;facing the feudal superstition of running wild in setting-up Qigong,the compilation of the new Qigong was directed by scientific spirits and applied scientific way and means to testifying and demonstrating its scientific character;it was a systematical engineering,changed the old model of compilation in the past,adopted the new model of the compilation,i.e.establishing a research topic group composed of the experts from the different subjects and using collective wisdom to make up for the deficiency in individual understanding.


This study aims to determine the relationship society, government, and private in preparation corporate social responsibility PT. RAPP programs in Teluk Meranti village. The problem in this research is corporate social responsibility activity implemented by PT. RAPP is almost the same in every year and more inclined to charity. This can be seen in corporate social rensponsibility program activities 2015-2016. Therefore, the problem formulation this research is how relationship society, government, and private in preparation corporate social responsibility programs. With the aim to know and analyze stakeholders relationship in preparation corporate social responsibility programs. This research uses qualitative research method with descriptive research type with data collection is done by observation, interview, and documentations. From the results of the research show that relationship society, government, and private in preparation corporate social responsibility carry out their repective dutie. This is seen when implementation rembuk desa. Rembuk desa implemented request by PT. RAPP. At the time rembuk desa, public expressed his aspiration to be recorded by company, then company discussed it further in company office. While the role of the company is more dominant in determining all activities to be implemented. The company also performs several stages in preparation. First, make evolution as an benchmark of future activities. Second, the company follows government's musrenbang. And lastly do activity assessment.


The literature (Figley, 1995; McCann & Pearlman, 1990) has long indicated that therapists who work with trauma survivors are at risk of developing symptoms resulting from exposure to clients' trauma narratives. Therapists may even develop symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder. Psychology trainees are particularly at risk of developing symptoms given their limited experience and less-developed cache of coping mechanisms. More recently, the literature (Lucero, 2002; Gottesman, 2008) has explored the construct of resilience as a protective factor for preventing the development of secondary trauma. Although it is understood that resilience can serve as protection from developing long-standing symptoms resulting from trauma, to date there are no training resources available that have been developed for promoting resiliency in psychology trainees. This resiliency training protocol, developed for psychology trainees, presents evidence-based, cognitive behavioral techniques for promoting resilience.


The Second International Symposium on Biopharmaceutical Statistics took place on March 1–3, 2011, in Berlin, Germany. It was jointly organized by the European Medicines Agency (EMA), the International Society for Biopharmaceutical Statistics (ISBS), and the German Region of the International Biometric Society (DR-IBS). The symposium was held under the theme 'Bridging drug development from research to marketing', with the aim to provide an international forum for biopharmaceutical statisticians across the world to share information, experience, and research findings, and to improve and promote the harmonization of statistical practice in the industry at the international front. The symposium was preceded with six short courses conducted by prominent experts on February 27 and 28, 2011. The symposium included three plenary sessions with keynote presentations delivered by distinguished biopharmaceutical statisticians to reflect the perspectives from industry, academia, and regulatory agencies. On the opening day, Christy Chuang-Stein from Pfizer gave the presentation 'Looking back and moving forward'. On the closing day, Andrew Grieve from Aptiv Solutions (then at University College London) presented his views about 'Pharmaceutical statisticians: A profession or technicians under threat' and Kent Woods from the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) spoke on 'The evaluation of medicines throughout the product life cycle: Looking to the future'. In addition to the three plenary sessions, there were 53 parallel sessions with more than 200 speakers and panelists. The final scientific program is available at www.isbiostat.org. This was the second edition of the International Symposium on Biopharmaceutical Statistics, which was first held in 2008 in Shanghai, China. One of the keynote presenters then was the EMA Senior Medical officer, Hans-Georg Eichler, who drew attention to the relatively small number of statisticians employed in the European regulatory network and highlighted 'some areas where an increased level and broader scope of input from statisticians, epidemiologists, and quantitative sciences in general, into drug regulatory activities is anticipated over the coming years' [1]. In response to this call, the EMA and its national competent authorities have started several initiatives to strengthen the role of statistics in the regulatory environment. This commitment resulted in the support of the 2011 joint symposium, which was recognized as an important platform to discuss regulatory statistical issues. Several senior EMA staff members, such as Hans-Georg Eichler, Marisa Papaluca-Amati, Agnes Saint Raymond, and Spiros Vamvakas, as well as other leading regulators from the national authorities, contributed to this symposium as Scientific Programme Committee members, including Eric Abadie (then chair of the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use), Daniel Brasseur (then chair of the Paediatric Committee), Bruno Flamion (then chair of the Scientific Advise Working Party), and Robert Hemmings (then chair


One of the most common disabilities, observed in stroke patients, is limb hemiparesis, which is the weakness of the limb contralateral to the damaged hemisphere of the brain. Another problem inherent to this pathology is the appearance of shoulder pain that can negatively affect the rehabilitation process, due to the pain that the patient may feel during rehabilitation, reducing the movement and range autonomy of the articulate upper limbs function. This paper presents the study, design and development of an universal, lightweight, compact, versatile, strong, compact, modular and low-cost device (with 4 degrees of freedom). This device enables the improvement of the stroke patient's posture, promoting an active and therapeutic positioning of the entire upper member. This device can also be attached to wheelchairs, sofa arms, beds, etc., and it can follow the patient to all places he moves in the hospital. It is currently being tested in several hospitals, and patients have accepted this device as a good rehabilitation apparatus (in terms of ergonomics and comfort), as well as the health professionals, providing a greater range of movements, and a correct positioning of the patient's shoulder during all day.


The usual confidence interval, based on Student's t distribution, has conditional confidence that is larger than the nominal confidence level. Although this fact is known, along with the fact that increased conditional confidence can be used to improve a confidence assertion, the confidence assertion of Student's t interval has never been critically examined. We do so here, and construct a confidence estimator that allows uniformly higher confidence in the interval and is closer (than 1 - a) to the indicator of coverage. 1. Introduction and summary. The usual confidence interval for a normal mean, when the population variance is unknown, is based on Student's


As drones expand their ability to perform longer and more complex tasks, one of the first concerns that rise is their capacity to perform those tasks in a reliable way. Reliability can be understood from different aspects: the ability of the drone to perform accurately, safely and autonomously. In this paper, we focus on understanding the current efforts to ensure the last quality, autonomy, from the point of view of energy-awareness for drone systems. It emerges that drones as object of study in energy aware Software Engineering is still an emerging, unexplored area, which requires to learn from advances and experimentation in other mobile and ubiquitous devices like cellular phones or tablets. Still, it is required to understand the opportunities and limitations of drones as computational targets. A research agenda should be set and followed to leverage software as an opportunity to foster drones as energy-aware devices.


We report the low-loss chalcogenide waveguides for bio sensing in the mid-infrared (MIR), which consisted of a Ge11.5As24Se64.5 rib waveguide core on a magnesium fluoride crystalline substrate. The losses were <; 2dB/cm from 3000-1050cm-1 (3.2 - 9.5μm).


Initial Jetstream Featured image. Based on Ubuntu 14.04.3 Development Patched up to date as of 3/28/16 Base Ubuntu 14.04.3 + Xfce + Xfce-goodies, firefox, icon sets and themes


The invention provides an imaging apparatus and a method for controlling the same. Information relating to object distances in a plurality of areas in an imaging plane is acquired, and a threshold value of object luminance during imaging performed by flashing an illumination device is changed according to a difference between an object distance in a reference area and the object distances in the plurality of areas.


When determining the speed of a wave electromagnetic pulse, the source with the clock is fixedly set at the coordinate x0 = 0 of the coordinate system associated with it. At time t0 it emits a wave electromagnetic pulse. The receiver approaches the source with velocity v. The device clock, synchronized with the source clock, is set fixedly relative to the source at the coordinate x2. It registers the receiver passing through this coordinate at time t0. The device clock, synchronized with the clock source, is set fixedly relative to the source at the coordinate x1. It records both the receiver and pulse passing through this coordinate at time t1. According to the data of motionless observers, the speed of electromagnetic waves in vacuum is composed of the tabular velocity of electromagnetic waves and the velocity difference of the source and receiver


Containment threats during severe accidents may arise due to fuel-coolant interactions, hydrogen combustion, molten core-concrete interactions, and long-term pressure and temperature loading. The objective of the paper is to bring out important issues in the assessment of containment integrity during severe accidents for PWR and PHWR. The issues are identified by extensive review and synthesis of information from literature on severe accident phenomena, severe accident analysis and containment integrity assessment.


Primary motor cortex has a complex, interconnected anatomical and functional architecture with dynamic properties. Recent evidence suggests that, concomitantly with regulating muscle activity and movements, the motor cortex makes key contributions to learning and remembering motor skills.


The purpose of this study was to investigate the English for specific Purposes (ESP) needs of nursing students in a university in Semarang, Indonesia. This study employed a descriptive qualitative design and involved a total of 116 undergraduate students recruited using purposive sampling. A self-administered questionnaire adopted from from Chia, Johnson, Chia, & Olive (1999) was utilized. To meet the purpose of the study, some necessary adjustments were made to the questionnaire. This questionnaire was particularly aimed at gathering the students' views on (1) the importance of English language in students' studies and future careers, (2) basic skills needed in the nursing English course and the students' problems, and (3) suggestions for the development of English language curriculum. In addition to the questionnaire, semi-structured interviews with 12 students were also carried out to gather their perspectives related to the study. The collected data were descriptively analyzed and presented in the form of frequency and procentage. The results revealed that English was perceived as very important for students both in their academic studies and future careers. The students wanted basic English language skills to be included and emphasized in the course for a number of reasons, naming speaking as the most important skill to master. Limited vocabulary and poor grammar were two most highly rated problems the students perceived in their study. The students desired to have a combination of general English and specific nursing English throughout the study. Keywords: ESP needs, English for nursing, needs analysis, nursing students


This paper presents interesting results obtained when refactoring a piece of code compiled with an optimizing compiler. Some of the results were surprising, and at a first glance, contradictory. Most of these results can be explained by the optimizati ons performed by the compiler. This article concludes with lessons learned about compiler optimizations and some recommendations useful to achieve better code


In this response to Damien Riggs' analysis of sex education websites, the author draws on Foucault's understanding of knowledge, power and governmentality to understand how some forms of knowledge about sex and sexuality become normalised 'official knowledge' that frame institutional policies and practices and shape everyday discourses. Foucault provides a framework for analysing sexuality as a modality of government that produces and manages what types of knowledge are, or are not, 'knowable' about sex, gender and sexuality. The author then considers the implications for those who are marginalised or silenced in 'official' knowledge cultures of this kind. Theory, she argues, provides tools for disrupting normative knowledge about childhood sexuality, which frames educational practices and everyday discourses.


The present work is devoted to study the short-time reactor neutron irradiation of yttria stabilised zirconia (YSZ) at 315 K. The samples were prepared by the reactive calcination method and characterised by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and scanning electronic microscope. The prepared samples were irradiated by reactor neutrons at different exposure times and investigated by XRD analysis. The results obtained show good radiation resistance of YSZ to reactor neutron irradiation.


After collecting and reading a lot of papers on image processing combining wavelet and fractals, this paper presents a complete and detailed review of this field, including its status and possible. It still discusses the relation between wavelet and fractals . Combination with wavelet image processing may be a way out for fractal image processing from academic research to practical application.


A simple processing method for splitting pipes in the axial direction using a cutting tool was investigated. The special tool developed in this study was pressed into the pipes in the axial direction, and the pipes were split very smoothly without any lubricant. This cutting method did not form fine chips, did not produce a significant heat effect on the inner wall surface. The splitting experiment was carried out with pipes constructed of aluminum and stainless steel. The outer diameters of the pipes were approximately 50 mm, and the thicknesses of the wall varied from 1 to 3 mm. The aluminum pipes were split very smooth by the tool, and curled strip-shaped chips were created by the splitting. On the other hand, the stainless pipes were greatly deformed, making them difficult to cut. Therefore, it was necessary to prevent deformation of the pipe by attaching an outer tool. The outer tool made it possible to cut stainless steel pipes.


Herpetofaunal assemblages were surveyed on four different forest types in the Big Sandy Creek Unit of the Big Thicket National Preserve in Polk County, Texas. The forest types surveyed were Floodplain Hardwood, Lower Slope Hardwood Pine, Upper Slope Pine Oak and Upland Pine. During 1998 and 1999, 1866 individual amphibians and reptiles of 40 species were recorded. A Monte Carlo contingency table analysis demonstrated that the four forest types held significantly different herpetofaunal assemblages. Sorenson's coefficient of community percentages showed that forest types adjacent to one another along a moisture-elevation gradient had the most species of herpetofauna in common. Soil texture influences vegetation through soil moisture availability, and differences in herpetofaunal assemblages seemed to be related to differences in moisture availability among forest types. Greater abundance of amphibians and snakes was found in the two more mesic forest types in the lower elevations.


Abstract Reducing fire-induced mortality of cavity trees used by red-cockaded woodpeckers (Picoides borealis) is a challenge and concern in managing this federally endangered species. Prior to the 2001 burning season, 814 active and inactive longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) cavity trees on Eglin Air Force Base (AFB) in northwest Florida, USA, were prepared via 6 protection methods (combinations of mechanical, hand, and backfiring preparation) and monitored for postburn survival after 1 year. We collected data on a suite of variables that may be useful in determining cavity tree predisposition to fire-induced mortality. Mortality of protected trees (2.62%) was significantly lower than that of unprotected trees (6.18%), and protection methods did not differ in their effectiveness at preventing mortality. Bark char was significantly more prevalent on unprepared control trees than protected trees, but no differences were apparent among protection treatments. Mechanical clearing alone took the least amount of time and resources; therefore, we determined mechanical clearing to be the most efficient preparation method. Stem char, needle scorch, percent sap cover, and whether the cavity burned were the characteristics most closely related to mortality 1 year postfire. We recommend that the percent of the bole covered in sap and cavity height be considered when preparing to reduce stem char, needle scorch, and the incidence of burned-out cavities. Managers of red-cockaded woodpecker populations can use these results and recommendations to adjust their burn program, improve the efficiency of their cavity tree protection methods, and better target cavity provisioning for maintaining a viable pool of cavity trees.


pH-sensitive poly(l-glutamic acid) grafted mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN-PLGA) were prepared by the surface-initiated N-carboxyanhydride polymerization method. The resultant MSN-PLGA was well dispersed in aqueous medium and showed high drug loading efficiency, superior stability, and significantly higher drug release rates. The cumulative release of doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) from DOX-loaded MSN-PLGA (DOX@MSN-PLGA) was pH-dependent and the release rate was much higher at


A group of routine data entry operators (female) was included in the Polish MEPS (musculoskeletal—eyestrain— psychosocial—stress) study. Before the intervention, ergonomic assessment revealed improper working conditions such as inadequate lighting, uncomfortable chairs, and lack of forearm and wrist support while medical examination revealed that trapezius muscle load along with upper arm, head and back angles were higher than advisable. Subjects complained about neck and shoulder pain, visual problems, and psychosocial conditions. The ergonomic intervention included installation of new luminaires and Venetian blinds, new chairs, repair of ventilators, and optometric corrections. The results after the intervention showed mainly improvement in chair comfort, lighting conditions, visual strain, and sitting posture. However, financial limitations did not allow satisfactory completion of the intervention leading to a mixed interpretation of the results.


In this paper, an adaptive control scheme is developed to study the add order synchronization and the add order antisynchronization behavior between two different dimensional fractional order chaotic systems with fully uncertain parameters. This design of adaptive controller is based on the Lyapunov stability theory. Analytic expression for the controller with its adaptive laws of parameters is shown. The adaptive add order synchronization and add order anti-synchronization between two fractional order chaotic systems are used to show the effectiveness of the proposed method. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulations are used to verify the results. c ©2017 All rights reserved.


Systems of infrared remote sensing can be successful as far as they distinguish the target from the background. Modeling of sea backgound has a great importance for the systems of sensing and the counter systems developed to protect the platforms on the sea surface. It is known that sea surface is one of the most strongly polarized media in infrared band. In this paper modeling of the polarization of radiance reflected from the sea surface in the infrared band is presented. For this study polarization calculation methods are inserted in the software DAMA (Infrared Sea Modeling and Analysis) and it is observed that reflected sun radiance is horizontally polarized and thermal sea radiance is vertically polarized. Modeling of the polarization of the radiances reflected from the sea surface in the infrared band provides inputs to the studies to distinguish the platform in the background and to develop the techniques to hide the platform in the background.


The current research compares the perception of over-education in four different European countries, resorting to European Household Panel Data. The results confirm that the type of educational system accounts for some of the cross-national differences in self-perceived over-education. In qualificational spaces, like Denmark, where vocational training receives more importance, self-perceived over-education is not associated as much with educational attainment as in the so-called' organisational spaces', like Spain, France and Italy. Yet, the results confirm that, controlling for the system of education, the traits and regulation of the labour market also have an effect on over-education. Thus, in Spain, where temporary employment has soared in recent decades, this type of contract is clearly associated with the perception of over-education, to a much higher extent than in Italy or France. Temporary contracts in Spain may not work as a steppig stone for attaining a job suitable to the training received by the individual, as they may in the case of France or Italy. In sum, not only institutions offering skills and human capital, but labour market regulation as well, have a clear impact on the incidence of over-education.


On the night of the 15-16 October 1987, a deep depression worked its way north-east towards the English Channel, following which its direction veered to a more northerly one from Cornwall to Humberside. Recriminations concerning the alleged lack of warning from the weathermen are of academic importance, as little or nothing could have been done to limit the enormous damage wrought to trees and buildings. It has been said that this was probably the most severe storm to hit the area since 1703. The destructive effects of the storm were fairly strictly limited to the area to the south and east of a line joining the Isle of Wight, the Chiltern Hills, and north-east Norfolk. Sussex, Kent, and southern Hampshire, together with parts of London and Surrey, suffered the greatest damage. Whilst there was structural damage on a large scale and many areas suffered a loss of electricity supplies for several days, the more lasting effects of the storm are to be seen throughout the affected region in the devastation of familiar landscapes. It has been estimated that something like 15 million trees were destroyed in the storm, many areas of woodland being all but flattened. The majority of trees affected were uprooted rather than broken (Figs 1, 2 and 3), the soil evidently providing little anchorage after unusually heavy rainfall earlier in the month. Other trees were snapped off at 5-10 m above the ground, whilst still others lost a large proportion of their crowns. The effects of tree loss on amenity areas fall into 2 main categories: large wooded public spaces have in many instances been transformed by the destruction of 60-80% of their mature tree cover, while the 'feel' of such places has been altered for perhaps 50 years—until the necessary replanting becomes established and reasonably mature.


The impact of altering feed tray locations (for the purpose of saving energy) on the controllability of double feed reactive distillation (RD) columns is evaluated for two case studies: a hypothetical ideal RD column and a methyl acetate RD column. Energy savings of 18.3% and 36.4% over the conventional design (feed immediately above and below the reactive zone) is achieved for the ideal and methyl acetate systems, respectively. A steady-state bifurcation analysis shows that, for both systems, output multiplicity, with respect to reboiler duty, occurs at a fixed reflux rate for the different designs (conventional/altered feed tray location). The output multiplicity is eliminated at a fixed reflux ratio. Closed-loop dynamic simulation results show that the controllability of the internally heat integrated ideal RD column deteriorates, compared to the conventional design. Unlike the conventional design, temperature-based inferential control is infeasible and composition-based control structures must be used. For the methyl acetate column, on the other hand, heat integration by altering the feed locations entails no loss in controllability using two-point temperature inferential control.


Asian dust (KOSA) is often transported along with pollutants from Asian continent to Japan by the westerlies. This phenomenon can cause regional environment changes in East Asia, which include radiative forcing, cloud process or primary productivity by marine phytoplancton, and also might have an influence on human health. To reveal these effects, many researches have investigated the transport mechanisms and the chemical/physical characteristics of those particulates through many observations conducted near the ground or in the free troposphere. Vertical distribution of aerosols is very important for understanding diffusion process of both particles come from Asian continent and local regions. However, there is no data on the information of aerosol mixture state and concentration in the boundary layer at the Japan Sea side of the archipelago. This study focuses on providing aerosol mixture states in the boundary layer near coastal area of the Japan Sea. Aerosol measurements were conducted for three days on May 4, 6 and 8, 2006 at the Japan Sea side of the archipelago (Tsubata, Ishikawa prefecture), using a tethered balloon. To measure aerosol mixture states vertically, an aerosol sampler, Optical Particle Counter (OPC), thermometer, hygrometer and Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver were mounted on the tethered balloon. In this observation, we could measure atmospheric aerosols up to about 500 m from the ground. The elemental compositions of individual particles collected, particle diameter larger than 1.0 (cid:541) m, were analyzed by


Four wheels driven electric vehicle has advantages in stability control, active safety control and other aspects, the reasonable torque distribution strategy directly affects the driving performance of the vehicle. In this paper, an optimal torque distribution approach is proposed for electric vehicle equipped with four independent wheel motors to improve vehicle handling and stability performance. Firstly, a novel objective function is formulated which considering the interference among different performance indicators. Then, in order to improve the stability of the vehicle under different driving conditions, the purpose of the dynamic weighting factor is to adjust the relative weight of each performance in the objective function. At the same time, the control effect of the controller is controlled by the input parameters, therefore a tire-force estimation based on sliding mode observer is present to improve the accuracy in estimating tire forces. Finally, the simulation results indicate that the proposed control can effectively improve the vehicle handling and stability.


First-order logic (FO) over words is shown to be equiexpressive with FO equipped with a restricted set of numerical predicates, namely the order, a binary predicate MSB<inf>0</inf>, and the finite-degree predicates: FO[A<inf>RB</inf>] = FO[≤, MSB<inf>0</inf>, F<inf>IN</inf>]. The Crane Beach Property (CBP), introduced more than a decade ago, is true of a logic if all the expressible languages admitting a neutral letter are regular. Although it is known that FO[A<inf>RB</inf>] does not have the CBP, it is shown here that the (strong form of the) CBP holds for both FO[≤, F<inf>IN</inf>] and FO[≤, MSB<inf>0</inf>]. Thus FO[≤, F<inf>IN</inf>] exhibits a form of locality and the CBP, and can still express a wide variety of languages, while being one simple predicate away from the expressive power of FO[A<inf>RB</inf>]. The counting ability of FO[≤, F<inf>IN</inf>] is studied as an application.


This paper describes a follow-up study of 40 consecutive whole family admissions. One hundred and forty three families have been admitted over the past three years. The reasons for admission are described as well as some explanation of the factors contributing to the 80% successful outcome based on independent therapist and parent reports.


Wildlife poachers throughout the world have developed innovative techniques to commit their crimes and evade arrest by law enforcement. By taking advantage of technological advances as well as legitimate wildlife management practices, the poachers are able to participate in what Cohen and Machalek (1988, 1995) refer to as expropriative crime strategies. This paper documents specific non-conventional poaching techniques used as reported by 22 self-reported poachers, 14 wildlife law enforcement agents and 2 non-poaching hunters who were wildlife crime witnesses. The data, collected in semi-formal interviews, also present the different perceptions of poaching frequency and methods by both criminals and law enforcement officers.


The Ce–U–O system raises growing interest due to its potential importance for water splitting at low temperatures. The variable possible oxidation states of Ce (Ce3+ and Ce4+) and U (U4+, U5+, and U6+) lead to the formation of point charged defects on the surface. These point charges are active sites for the chemisorption of H2O, which is the rate-determining step for H2 production. In the present work, the interaction of H2O with the surface of Ce1–xUxO2+δ oxides in a wide range of compositions (x = 0, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1) is studied through the measurements of adsorption and calorimetric isotherms at room temperature. The oxides' structure is determined by X-ray diffraction, and the charge distribution between the U and Ce cations is inferred from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements. The adsorption thermodynamics is analyzed within the electronic theory of chemisorption on semiconducting surfaces. On the basis of this analysis, correlated to the XPS results and to density functio...


The Government decided to establish a graduate school of oriental medicine at Pusan National University despite strong opposition from medical field. By establishing a graduate school of oriental medicine, the Government aims at educating competitive healthcare professionals in research to meet fast-changing medical circumstances such as aging society, increasing chronic diseases, public interests in alternative medicine and its evidence-based approach. The Government is also taking this as an opportunity to improve the quality of healthcare service by settling a collaborative treatment system between western and orinetal medicine as well as fostering oriental medicine into high value-added industry. However, it raises a concern that evidence-based approach and standardization of oriental medicine through establishment of a graduate school might leave little room for oriental medicine doctors who depend mainly on traditional experiences and thus lose their leading roles in oriental medicine. Field of western medicine is no exception. If they continue to neglect scientific research in oriental medicine and complementary alternative medicine, the leadership of integrative medicine will shift to oriental medical doctors equipped with scientific knowledge. The situation asks medical field to take active steps and show their propose on education model is more competitive by achieving excellent research results through establishment of research center for oriental medicine and complementary alternative medicine within the framework of medical college education.


Located in Gaidam Basin,with a complex water production mechanism and diversiform water sources,Sebei gas field encountered a big water breakthrough problem which seriously impacts well productivity,so accurately judging the type of water and the formation is essential to prevention and control work in the gas well. Production index curve is the intuitively reflection of the flowing of underground gas and water. According to the trend of the water production date from well production index curve and water gas ratio curve,four forms of water production curve types are summarized: persistent low,rise form from low to high,persistent high,decline after rise;then an analysis work of all four kinds of curves' corresponding types of water source was done.


In a classic rumor spreading model called susceptible-infected removable (SIR) model, in which every node spreads rumor proportionally to its degree and there is a coordinated tie strength between all the edges. The spread of rumors is similar to the spread of transmission, in which the information of all nodes spreads into neighboring nodes. In earlier rumored models, step nodes are associated with all their neighbors every time. In a more realistic scenario, a node can only communicate with any of its neighbors towards spread rumors. Immunization of every node is a difficult task to perform in a large network therefore it is important to remove large percentage of infected nodes. In this paper, a strategy is proposed in which variation of spreading rates with the inoculation probability is considered on a weighted scale-free network in which transmission of rumor from one node to its adjacent link is considered as a variable entity throughout the network.


In order to determine physical fitness differences in students with different cardiorespiratory endurance levels, a study was conducted on a sample of students of the Faculty of Sport and Physical Education at the University of Nis. The sample was divided into two subsamples, where the first subsample comprised 27 female students and the other 35 male students. Physical fitness was assessed using eight tests from the Eurofit battery of tests: the single-leg balance test - for the assessment of general balance, plate tapping - for the assessment of speed of movement, sit-and-reach - for the assessment of flexibility, the standing broad jump - for the assessment of explosive strength, the handgrip test - for the assessment of static strength, sit-ups - for the assessment of repetitive trunk strength, the bent arm hang - for the assessment of muscular endurance and the 10x5 meter shuttle run - for the assessment of the speed/agility. Cardiorespiratory endurance was estimated with the aid of 20 m endurance shuttle-run test. Based on the level of cardiorespiratory endurance, the participants in each subsample, were divided into three groups using a cluster analysis: high (VKRI), average (PKRI) and low level (NKRI). The physical fitness differences of students with different cardiorespiratory endurance levels were calculated using the one-way analysis of variance. The results showed that there were no differences in physical fitness of students with different cardiorespiratory endurance levels. Based on the results it can be concluded that the level of cardiorespiratory endurance does not affect the components of physical fitness among students of both sexes.


This chapter explains the three terms, Hinduism, Hindutva and Hindu Dharma, which, while linguistically identical, evoke different reactions among academics and other people. They imply different definitions of being a Hindu.


AIM: To study the effects of sodium ferulate on acetic acid-induced rat colitis and its mechanism. METHODS: The colitis model of rats was produced by intracolon enema with acetic acid. The experiment animals were divided into 5 groups: normal group, model group, SF groups (200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg, 800 mg/kg), and treated intracolonically with saline and SF respectively once per day for 7 days. At the end of the experiment, the colon mucosa damage index (CMDI) and the occult blood test (OBT) were evaluated.The contents of MDA, NO, PGE2, and TXB2 , the activities of myelopexoxidase (MPO) and SOD, the expression of COX-2 and NF-κBp65 in the rat colon were detected. Platelet agglutinability was also measured. RESULTS: The extents of CMDI and OBT, the contents of MDA, NO, PGE2 and TXB2, the activity of MPO, the expression of COX-2 and NF-κBp65 in the colon and the platelet agglutinability in the model group were higher than those in normal group, while the activity of SOD was lower than that in normal group. SF could alleviate the CMDI and OBT, and ameliorate the abnormity of these detected indexes in a dose-depended manner. CONCLUSION: Treatment with SF intracolon can relieve the inflammation reaction, attenuate the colon mucosal damage in the rat colitis through resisting oxidative stress, restraining arachidonic acid metabolism, platelet activation and the expression of NF-κB.


Objective:The contents in different samples and different parts of the beetle were determined to study the impact of processing blister beetle on the total cantharidin contents.Method:HPLC conditions were as follows:the mobile phase was methanol-water(23∶77);the column temperature was at 35℃;the flow rate was 1.0 mL.min-1;the detection wavelength was at 230 nm.Result: The total cantharidin contents determined were: unprocessed mylabrisblister beetlemylabris(stir-frying with rice).The total contents of head,legs,inside and outside wings of blister beetle were 0.61%.Conclusion:For safety,the total cantharidin contents should be used to control the quality of blister beetle.