Objective To analyze the respective sensitivifies of serum cancer antigen 15.3(CA15.3) diagnosing mammary cancer and of fine needle aspiration cytology(FNAC-diagnosing mammary carcer.Methods Conduct the serum CA15.3 and FNAC exams respectively on 138 patients with mammary cancer and 115 normal persons or on 138 patients with mammary cancer and patients with other mammary diseases.Results The sensitivity of serum CA15.3 to mammary cancer is 98.26%.The sensifivity of FNAC to mammary cancer is 96.52%,specificity is 83.33%.Conclusion Serum CA 15.3 is preferanle to FNAC to be the electing standard diagnosis on mammary cancer.


According to sensory integration (SI) theory, many symptoms of autism are caused by an inability to integrate and adaptively respond to sensory input. Despite little evidence supporting SI, this form of therapy is a popular treatment for children with autism. Should these treatments work, they should be most effective for behavior maintained by sensory consequences (automatically maintained). SI activities may make these sensory consequences less reinforcing. The purpose of this study was to determine whether SI treatments could reduce automatically-maintained stereotypy. Five individuals with autism participated. An occupational therapist prescribed sensory activities that competed with stereotypy for SI treatments. Two types of SI treatments were tested: sensory diets and brushing with deep-pressure therapy. The effect of these treatments on stereotypy was evaluated in an ABAB design. Neither the sensory diet alone, brushing and deep pressure alone, nor both treatments combined were effective interventions for stereotypy. These results do not support the use of SI as a treatment for stereotypy. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


In this paper, a broadband and high-absorption metamaterial absorber with fractal structure as pattern layer is presented. By studying the influence of characteristic parameters of fractal pattern on the microwave absorption performance, it is found that the fractal metasurface has a frequency-shifting characteristics. Based on this, the composite absorber model with fractal pattern is designed. Ansoft HFSS software based on the finite element method is used for modeling and optimization. The results show that the composite absorber achieves a near-perfect absorption rate over a broadband range. Then, the performance of the designed absorber is further verified by the power loss density distribution. The research and design method of this paper has potential application value in the radar-absorbing field.


Scholars have identified fragmentation in intellectual property lawmaking as a result of two opposing actions: the act of some states in commodification initiatives of signing Free Trade Agreements advocating stronger intellectual property rights while others involving counternorm initiatives by creating 'soft law' at international organizations. This generalized picture does not fully describe international patent lawmaking. States respond to commodification initiatives, not by promulgating counternorms, but by making countervailing changes in its local law. This can be explained by the principle of subsidiarity: the coordination in international law making while respecting state autonomy. The principle of subsidiarity holds that power or function should not be assigned to a jurisdictional level higher up in the hierarchy of governmental systems if the responsibilities it embodies can be discharged equally well or better by governments at lower levels.


The marketing intermediaries heve an important role in developing economies where the communication and transportation systems are underdeveloped. In Philippines, networks of personalized ties from Manila-based wholesalers to local middlemen and farmers feature the vegetable wholesale marketing system, which is seemingly efficient. The main objective of this paper is to offer a rigorous theory of vegetable customer market charactristic of the bilateral client relationship. For that purpose, first, we show the actual vegetable marketing system, f orcusing on the Manila central wholesale market. Second, we present a theoretical model based the repeated game theory. In the model, we postulate that such a customer market system enables the middlemen to facilitate the sales activity to the wholesalers without a high enforcement cost, under the conditions of demand uncertainty and information asymmetry, if the middlemen maintain trust by observing the promise to provide a premium to wholesalers, while the wholesalers keep their implicit contract on sales promotion.


Iron is the dominant heavy element that plays an important role in radiation transport in stellar interiors. Owing to its abundance and large number of bound levels and transitions, iron ions determine the opacity more than any other astrophysically abundant element. A few iron ions constitute the abundance and opacity of iron at the base of the convection zone (BCZ) at the boundary between the solar convection and radiative zones, and are the focus of the present study. Together, FeXVII, FeXVIII and FeXIX contribute 85\% of iron ion fractions 20\%, 39\% and 26\% respectively, at the BCZ physical conditions. We report heretofore the most extensive R-matrix atomic calculations for these ions for bound-bound and bound-free transitions, the two main processes of radiation absorption. We consider wavefunction expansions with 218 target or core ion fine structure levels of FeXVIII for FeXVII, 276 levels of FeXIX for FeXVIII, in the Breit-Pauli R-matrix (BPRM) approximation, and 180 LS terms (equivalent to 415 fine structure levels) of FeXX for FeXIX calculations. These large target expansions which includes core ion excitations to n=2,3,4 complexes enable accuracy and convergence of photoionization cross sections, as well as inclusion of high lying resonances. Photoionization cross sections have obtained for all bound fine structure levels of FeXVII and FeXVIII, and for 900 bound LS states of FeXIX. Selected results demonstrating prominent characteristic features of photoionization are presented, particularly the strong Seaton PEC (photoexcitation-of-core) resonances formed via high-lying core excitations with $\Delta n=1$ that significantly impact bound-free opacity.


Three-dimensional structures of charge-density waves in 1T-Ta dichalcogenides are studied on the basis of a phenomenological free energy, in which interlayer couplings up to the second neighbor layer are considered. Special attention is paid to the commensurate (C) and striped discommensurate (DC) states. Several stable stackings are obtained both in the C and striped DC states, where some of them in the C states are found to be disordered. The theory is applied to 1T-TaS 2 , on which Tanda et al. have made an X-ray experiment recently. To explain the experimental data a novel model is proposed for the C phase. In addition the structure of the new phase appearing between the C and nearly C phases is discussed from the standpoint of the striped DC state.


In the context of the growing uncertainty of economic and political conditions, the rapid development of technologies, there is an increasing need to develop tools to support and improve the effective interaction of universities, business, and government for prompt introduction of innovative products to the ecosystem of regions. Within this study, the authors substantiate the need to improve the organizational infrastructure of various forms of integration of the subjects of the region's innovation ecosystem based on universities using digital platforms. An improved infrastructure should ensure the implementation of all stages of the life cycle of innovative projects. The authors proposed using digital innovation platforms as the main structural element of the infrastructure for the integration of competencies and resources. It is proposed to build and develop the architecture and digital services of the platform based on the end-to-end information technologies, such as artificial intelligence, big data, etc. The authors developed a conceptual model to support the procedure for the formation of a trajectory for the implementation of innovative projects using the services and tools of the digital innovation platform. The model is based on the processes of assessment, selection of integration subjects that have the resources and competencies necessary to obtain a product in accordance with the terms of reference, and to implement all tasks of all life cycle phases of innovative projects, including complex projects. The use of the proposed conceptual solutions will allow improving the innovation ecosystem organizational infrastructure, which will create an opportunity to increase the rate of the output of innovative products in the context of set limits.


The objective of this study was to compare the effects of Duroc (DU) and stress-negative Pietrain (PI) as terminal sires mated to F1(Large White × Mong Cai) sows (F1) on productivity, carcass characteristics, meat quality, and meat chemical composition under household conditions in Hai Duong province, Vietnam. The reproduction performances were based on 74 litters of 42 F1 sows from 12 households and the semen from 11 Duroc and 10 Pietrain boars. Data on production and carcass traits were collected from 76 DU × F1 and 67 PI × F1 crossbred fattening pigs. Longissimus dorsi samples from 55 DU × F1 and 37 PI × F1 were analysed to determine meat quality and meat chemical composition. The results show that household affected production, carcass, and meat quality traits (P 0.06) reproduction traits (except individual weight of pigs born alive and weaned pigs, P < 0.01), production traits, meat chemical composition, or meat quality (except pH at 4 days post mortem, P < 0.05). Lean meat percentage of Pietrain-sired pigs was higher than that of Duroc-sired pigs (P < 0.05). The use of Pietrain boars does not affect reproduction performance, growth rate, or meat quality but does improve lean meat percentage compared with Duroc boars. This suggests that the use of stress-negative Pietrain boars as terminal sires would improve lean meat percentage under household conditions in North Vietnam.


This supplement presents the results of a large administration of Who Am I? The test is being used as part of Growing Up in Australia to assess four year-olds' readiness for school, and to examine how well the test results relate to outcomes, which will be collected as the children develop. Growing Up in Australia Growing Up in Australia is the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC), initiated and funded by the Australian Government Department of Families, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs. The study explores family and social issues, and addresses a range of research questions about children's development and wellbeing. Its longitudinal structure offers opportunities for researchers to determine critical periods for the provision of services and welfare support, and identify the long-term consequences of policy innovations.


The paper proposes an approach to intensifying the operation of water supply and sanitation systems. The work was conducted using electronic modelling, calculation methods of hydraulic parameters and numerical modelling, as well as optimization of technical solutions for adjustment of operation modes, minimization of water leakage, pressure stabilization in the network, elimination of blockages and failures of regulating and stop valves. The efficacy of the proposed approach was demonstrated by the example of the city of Nizhneudinsk. As a result of the conducted research, information and computing systems and complexes were developed for simulating different modes of operation, assessing the performance, reliability and regime controllability of water supply and wastewater disposal systems, storing, analysing and accumulating information on the state of the system under analysis and its individual parameters. Such an approach served as a basis for developing a prospective scheme of development and reconstruction of the city water supply and sewage systems and provided an automated control system of its technological processes.


Buckland and Taylor have been extremely successful recently in winning design/build competitions that the company enters. This article discusses the original guidelines for several of the bidding projects, the considerations a design/build construction team would need to address and a description of the winning designs. All the winning teams that Buckland and Taylor were one designed the project in partnership with the contractor or developer. Some of the construction projects mention include: Golden Ears Bridge near Vancouver, the Fort Nelson River Bridge in British Columbia, and the Arthur Ravanel Bridge over the Cooper River in Charleston, where Buckland and Taylor was a subcontractor.


4H-SiC (silicon carbide) is widely used in semiconductor devices due to its superior characteristics. However, processing techniques such as cutting, grinding, and polishing generally have problems such as low processing efficiency, high cost, difficulties guaranteeing processing quality, and serious material waste. The in-depth research on the mechanical behavior, material removal, and damage mechanism of SiC single crystals at the micro/nano scale is the foundation for solving these problems. This paper establishes a molecular dynamics simulation model for 4H-SiC single-crystal nano scratches, using three different directions of a Berkovich indenter to scratch the surface of the workpiece, studying the surface morphology, scratching force, and material removal during the scratching process. The results indicate that scratching directions of the tool varies, and the surface morphology also varies. After the scratching depth exceeds 1.6 nm, complete dislocations with a Burges vector of 1/3<12¯10> appear on the crystal subsurface, leading to the plastic removal of the material. During the process of material removal, a smaller tool rake angle removes a larger amount of material chips. By analyzing the damage layer of the workpiece, the difference in the damage layer is smaller when the scratching direction is different, but the damage layer generated by the smaller rake angle of the scratching tool is thinner. It shows that the scratching force and workpiece temperature are relatively small when the rake angle of the scratching tool is small. Therefore, when scratching 4H-SiC single crystals, choosing a tool with a smaller rake angle is more beneficial for the process.


The procedure and results of an experimental study of the flow resistance of porous structures are described in connection with the adiabatic motion of steam-water mixtures at a pressure of 0.2--0.6 MPa with filtration mass flow rates of 10--45 kg/m/sup 2/xsec and mass transport vapor contents of 0--1. A generalizing relation is given for the calculation of hydraulic losses.


The potentiometric titration curve of poly(crotonic acid) was compared with that of poly(methacrylic acid). Poly(crotonic acid) is a far weaker acid than poly(methacrylic acid), despite the fact that the conformation of poly(crotonic acid) is a random coil, similar to that of poly(methacrylic acid). This difference is ascribed to their difference in the relative position of the methyl group to the carboxyl group. The methyl group in poly(crotonic acid) intervenes between two adjacent carboxyl groups, leading to the decrease in the local dielectric constant effective for ionization of carboxyl groups.


Geotrails are valuable resources for the field teaching of geography and natural history, as they amusingly explain the phenomena associated with inanimate nature and geoheritage. However, not all geotrails are frequently used for field education, in fact, most of them are only used sporadically. In order to identify the key elements needed for a geotrail to be used frequently and successfully for field education, an evaluation of the virtual nature trail "The Story of Liberec Granite", which is one of the most used trails for educational purposes in the Czech Republic, was carried out. The evaluation was conducted using a questionnaire survey and structured interviews with teachers and other educational staff who have used the geotrail at least three times in their teaching. The results of the evaluation showed that the proximity of the geotrail to the school building is very important, that all geotrail materials must be developed with the target group in mind, i.e., school-age children, and that they must be professionally designed to appeal to the pupils. The geotrail should be accompanied by materials that can be used in field education (such as worksheets), containing tasks for pupils so that they do not remain only the passive recipients of information but become active participants in discerning information. Teachers will also appreciate it if there are methodological materials accompanying the geotrail that explain how to design the fieldwork.


The process of the invention applies to beamforming radar. It is to establish a coarse mesh (1) covering the whole angular extent area to be monitored, and to produce interpolated beams (2, 3) constituting, with the actually formed beams, a fine mesh of this wide area.


In recent years, thanks to the rapid advancement of science and technology and a better understanding of the anatomy of the root canal system, many new endodontic instruments and materials have been introduced with the desire to minimize complications in the process of preparing the root canal, help the cleaning and shaping process to complete well. It is noteworthy that the emergence of new endodontic files made of Nickel-Titanium alloy (NiTi files), which, according to the recommendations of manufacturers, make the preparation of root canals faster and more efficient, with a much simpler shaping technique than previous stainless-steel files. This is the topic that attracts great interest from clinicians. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct studies to evaluate these types of instruments. Over the years, there has been a lot of research on NiTi instrument systems carried out in the world, which mainly focused on the current types of rotary NiTi files. In Vietnam, although the NiTi instrument system appears a lot on the market and is increasingly employed by many dentists and endodontic experts, the amount of research on them is limited.
Therefore, in order to contribute to more understanding and improve the effectiveness of endodontic treatment with niti rotary instrument systems we carry out the research: "Outcome Evaluation of endodontic treatment with Protaper rotary instrument system on maxillary incisors" with two aims:

To evaluate root canal sealing results with cone beam computed tomography (CBCT)
To evaluate the outcomes of maxillary incisor root canal treatment with the Protaper rotary instrument system.


Two questions concerning the location o f a single facility by a voting process are investigated for t ranspor ta t ion networks: What is the max imum number o f customers located on the network preferring some rival point over a voting solution ? H o w does the average distance o f the customers to the facility increase when a vot ing location instead o f a Weber location is chosen for the facility? Complete answers are given for general networks and for certain planar networks, viz., the so-called generalized cacti.


To achieve precise control of hypersonic vehicle, the paper analyzed the effects of flexible vibration on the hypersonic vehicle flight control system, a non-linear physics-based dynamic model including the impacts of structure, aerodynamic, thrust system coupling and elastic impact for an air-breathing hypersonic vehicle was developed. One of the main disturbance-coupling between elastic mode and rigid state was modeled and analyzed. A disturbance observer was designed and simulated. Simulations results are provided to validate the proposed approach.


This paper describes the design of Navigation Software implemented for the family of GPS User Equipment developed by Rockwell-Collins for the USAF NAVSTAR GPS Phase IIB Program. The family consists of one channel, two channel and five channel sets. The goal of the software design was to maximize commonalty of software functions across the entire family while minimizing the modifications required for new applications.

The one channel set is specifically targeted to the manpack/vehicular application, while the two and five channel sets are generic sets adaptable to many applications. Adaptation to a particular host vehicle requires modification of only an outer layer of software modules, leaving the core software—including the navigation function—intact.

The one channel navigation function centers around an 8-state Kalman filter processing measurements from one satellite every second. The navigation function of the two and five channel sets is common to both families at the object code level and centers around a 12-state Kalman filter. This filter runs at 1 Hz in one of three basic modes, in conjunction with high iteration rate processing of host vehicle sensor data that enables the maintenance of a navigation solution close to real time. This solution is used to aid satellite signal acquisition and tracking and may be used by host vehicle subsystems.

This paper also discusses certain special features such as adaptive process noise, under-determined operation, and handling of INS resets. It concludes with a sample of performance data from in-plant and field tests.


The utility model relates to an intermediate tank car belonging to the work and transportation categories and particularly applicable to transportion of the intermediate tanks of slab casting machines. The utility model adopts a frame of high-and-low orbit type; drive wheels are arranged on a lower frame orbit of the frame; driven wheels are arranged on a higher frame orbit of the frame; a lifting device is an integral lifting beam; a hydraulic cylinder is supported on the frame; the frame and the lifting device are arranged at the middle of an intermediate tank; a centering mechanism and a weighting device are arranged on the lifting beam of the lifting device; and a guide device is arranged between the frame and the lifting beam of the lifting device. The utility model has the advantages of simple structure, high strength, reasonable stress and higher precision of weighting results. The utility model can be widely applied to intermediate tank transportation .


Promising areas of research of the subsystem for detecting incidents of the intelligent transport system (ITS) have been identified. A method for assessing the technical capability of a vehicle driv-er to avoid an accident using modern information and telematics technologies is presented.


An experimental testing program was undertaken for evaluating the effect of a class F fly ash and lime on the strength properties of locally available red soils. Compaction tests and unconfined compression tests were carried out. Fly ash and lime were mixed in different proportions ranging from 20- 80% and 2-4% by dry weight of soil, respectively. The unconfined compression test results on the soil-fly ashlime mixtures indicate that addition of lime to soil-fly ash mixtures leads to increase of both peak stress and stiffness as well as change of behaviour to a brittle one. Brittle behaviour is more marked in soil-fly ash-lime specimens after 7 days of curing in case of red soil. The soil-35%fly ash-lime mixes have higher unconfined strength than the soil-50%fly ash-lime specimens. The study indicates that the soil-fly ash mixes are suitable for good subgrade layer of road embankments, and when blended with lime is appropriate as road subbase or base materials.


Abstract A novel synthesis of 1,2,3-thiadiazole derivatives using a traceless solid-phase approach is described, in which many kinds of 1,2,3-thiadiazole derivatives were efficiently obtained in good yields and high purities via traceless cyclization cleavage of resin-bound acylhydrazones with thionyl chloride.


The aim of this paper is to discuss the applicability of temporal stability theory in soil moisture of artificially revegetated desert area.Here we analyzed the temporal stability of soil moisture content in an area of 0.45 hm2 located in the artificially revegetated desert area where has been fixed for fifty years and the bio-crust covered the whole surface.The data from a network consisting of 60 soil moisture measuring points over a period of 7 months(from April to October 2005) were used.At each point,soil moisture was measured at the different time using time domain reflectometry(TDR) in the depths of 15 cm and 30 cm.The results clearly showed which point was the mean representative soil moisture point.The temporal stability was high under even the most extreme situations.This pattern was more obvious in the depth of 30 cm than in the depth of 15 cm and the temporal stability was always higher when the soil was dry than when the water content was high.


'intuitively aware of the broad constellation of issues beneath the seemingly straightforward desires of eugenicists' (p. 167). Generalizations of this type are hard to prove, and unnecessary. Her book is already valuable because it details how American Catholics condemned eugenics specifically because of its racist elements, at a time when the United States was racist both politically and culturally. It is rare to see historical writing that puts Catholics on the winning side of any conflict in the twentieth century and Leon's is an excellent example of what we can learn when we avoid making assumptions about Catholicism. SARAH WALSH University of Sydney


The present article aims at the political discourse functioning as the medium for complex animal metaphor «POLITICS IS ANIMAL WORLD». The study of the animal metaphor in based on the material taken from the British and American web-based media. The metaphorical model is examined in the context of a discourse approach due to the intense interest to a man's mental world in the modern era. Animal metaphors are studied in terms of mass-media discourse and institutional political discourse. Any political activity involves political communication which is targeted at obtaining power, using it to the politician's advantage and affecting public opinion. Manipulating social consciousness in the modern world has taken on different forms and shapes, but the metaphor has always been one of the most productive means of achieving this goal. The complex metaphor can be seen as an important instrument for conceptualizing political discourse.


This study discusses the views of Abū al-Mu'īn al-Nasafī (d. 508/1115) and Abū Isḥāq al-Ṣaffār (d. 534/1139) on the debate over whether faith is created or not. First of all, the place of this debate in the history of kalām is discussed, particularly the approaches adopted by Ahl al-Ḥadīth, Ashʿarī, and Māturīdite scholars to the subject. The study then determines the approach, preferred by al-Nasafī and al-Ṣaffār, to the creation of faith. The question of the creation of faith manifests itself as a follow-up of the debate over whether the Qurʾān was created or not. At the center of the discussion is the verse about Allah's calling himself a believer and testifying that there is no god but Him. The Ahl al-Hadīth and Ashʿarī scholars, who interpret the verse in relation to Allah's attribute of speech, believe that Allah is the first believer to affirm His own unity and, therefore, belief is not created. The Māturīdite theologians, including Abū Isḥāq al-Ṣaffār who do not find this interpretation accurate, consider faith as an act done by the servant himself. They think that, since all human actions are created, belief is also created. On the other hand, Abū al-Mu'īn al-Nasafī explains the issue of the creation of faith through the concept of hidāyat. Hidāyat means that Allah creates the right path for His servant. There is no one who can guide people except for Allah Himself. In other words, hidāyat is an act that occurs as a result of the attribute of takwīn. While the attribute of takwīn is eternal, the actions that it gives birth to are accepted as hadith. From this point of view, according to al-Nasafī, faith is eternal in relation to Allah's act of guidance, and it is something created in relation to human beings. In this discussion, there are those who believe that faith is created under any circumstance, those who see faith as absolutely eternal, and those who adopt a midway between the two. This study discusses the subject in relation to al-Nasafī and al-Ṣaffār.


The French government is reassessing the whole basis on which it trains and equips its diplomats for their calling, driven by a growing perception that French diplomacy has not been performing well. The 'Heisbourg Report' on the state of French diplomacy pulled no punches and accused French diplomats of being closed to international influences, untrained for modern diplomacy and stifled by a state-centrist view of modern international relations. On the face of it this can all be interpreted as a milestone in an underlying convergence between Francophone and Anglophone approaches to modern diplomacy and security. In very important respects, however, Britain and France are mirror images of each other. What is defined here as mirror imaging can be seen to exist at three different levels which are self-reinforcing, though not in obvious ways: in the pros and cons of each others' policy-making style; in their inextricable fate to develop the European Security and Defence Policy project; and even at the most abstract levels in the predicaments they face in the light of globalization. Seen in this context, it is evident that it is not merely the skills and techniques of French and British policy-makers that need to be re-examined, but rather their way of thinking about their own state and about the nature of the international system around them in an era when globalization is symptomatic of deep structural change.


Guerilla warfare is regarded as a phenomenon of the twentieth century. Practiced by revolutionary groups when traditional means of confrontation fail, guerilla tactics can prolong conflict and forestall defeat. While honed to perfection by radicals of the modern era, these methods found their practitioners also in the sixteenth century, ironically among the normally peaceful Anabaptists. By presenting two lesser-known case-studies of Dutch Anabaptist revolutionary activity, the Hazerswoude and Poeldijk uprisings in 1535/36 and the Batenburg terrorists (1535-1544), this paper will propose the thesis that the radical wing of Anabaptism in the Netherlands was intimately linked to both the socioeconomic crises and political-military struggles of the 1530s and 1540s, and that it shared, furthermore, several characteristics of the Revolution of the Common Man, with the added dimension of an enhanced apocalyptic ideology.


The utility model relates to a chimney cap, particularly a water and wind resistant chimney cap especially suitable for gas and fuel burners; the chimney cap comprises a chimney, a wind ring, an upper eddy plate and a lower eddy plate; the wind ring is arranged at the external side of the chimney; a gap is arranged between the wind ring and the chimney; the top of the wind ring is higher than that of the chimney; the upper eddy plate is arranged above the wind ring; the upper eddy plate is fixedly arranged on the wind ring; the lower eddy plate is below the wind ring and fixedly arranged on the chimney. The chimney cap of the utility model has rational and compact structure and can effectively prevent fire extinguishing of gas and fuel burners due to over low airflow pressure at the top of the chimney or backfire, so as to greatly reduce the hidden danger caused by the fire extinguishing of gas and fuel burners and effectively improve the work efficiency of the gas and fuel burners.


The recently proposed Koo-Brownstone staging system for Delusional Infestation (DI) is a large step forward in Dermatology. It proposes that patients' presentations can be separated into various categories along a spectrum, and that each of these categories are approached differently. This system explains longstanding variation in the reported response to treatment of patients who present with concerns of infestation. To develop a consensus across the medical community, the authors propose that the terms are discussed in a larger forum of national experts. The authors also suggest the avoidance of the term "Morgellons" within this staging system.


The solvent-accessible surfaces of several biopolymers were calculated. As part of the DOE education outreach activity, two high school students participated in this project. Computer files containing sets of triangles were produced. These files are called stl files and are the ISO 9001 standard. They have been written onto CD-ROMs for distribution to American companies. Stereolithographic models were made of some of them to ensure that the computer calculations were done correctly. Stereolithographic models were made of interleukin 1{beta} (IL-1{beta}), three antibodies (an anti-p-azobenzene arsonate, an anti-Brucella A cell wall polysaccharide, and an HIV neutralizing antibody), a triple stranded coiled coil, and an engrailed homeodomain. Also, the biopolymers and their files are described.


Bufo intermedius Günther, 1858, has a complex taxonomic history, with the type series being reported from Guayaquil and the Andes of Ecuador. However, these specimens are not referable to any known South American bufonid species. We examined the type series and found, based on morphology, that the specimens likely represent a Mesoamerican species, as earlier authors had suggested. We further explored this possibility by analyzing the stomach contents of one of the syntypes. The unique combination of arthropods, particularly the presence of the beetle species Megalostomis dimidiata and Zygogramma signatipennis, confirmed that the Ecuadorian locality data are erroneous and that the type series was collected in Mexico. We here present that the types of Bufo intermedius are conspecific with the Mexican species Incilius occidentalis (Camerano, 1879) and propose a new synonymy between Bufo intermedius Günther, 1858 and Incilius occidentalis (Camerano, 1879). An application has been made to the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature to preserve prevailing usage of the junior name Incilius occidentalis for this widespread Mexican species.


We examined the degree of intraspecific differentiation of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene (Cytb) of the Jungle Crow, Corvus macrorhynchos, in East and South Asia. We determined partial sequences of Cytb (336 base pairs in length) for 41 individuals from this region. A neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree based on the Cytb sequences showed four obvious haplotype groups: 1) the Russian Far East and northern Sakhalin, 2) southern Sakhalin and the Japanese islands excluding the Ryukyus, 3) Amamioshima, the Ryukyus and 4) Laos. These Cytb clusters were fundamentally similar to the morphological differentiation and existing classification of Jungle Crow subspecies. Thus, we concluded that genetic material was probably interchanged among Jungle Crow groups even with geographic isolation due to the presence of a strait or gulf between land areas. In some cases, haplotypes and corresponding subspecies appear to be distinct even without the help of visible geographic barriers. Such subdivision probably occurred in Sakhalin because of the different ways in which this island was populated.


This paper combines high pressure jet and thermal spallation drilling methods together and presents a new hydrothermal jet drilling method. It means striking the rock and conducting heat to it in the meantime and has the potential of being economically advantageous over conventional techniques for geothermal well drilling. Previous related studies mainly focus on numerical simulation on one hydrothermal jet flow field. This paper presents a multi-orifice nozzle model to investigate the features of flow field with multiple hydrothermal jets. Results show that the bottomhole central temperature and pressure are higher than the two sides under multiple hydrothermal jets conditions, which is similar to the flow pattern with single jet. There is a negative relationship between the maximum radial velocity and the ratio between axial distance and nozzle diameter. And the position of the maximum radial velocity moves to the side wall as the ratio increases. Second, the bottomhole temperature increases uniformly with the increase of jet temperature. The bottomhole temperature becomes less and less sensitive to the variance of pressure difference and the bottomhole pressure shows a ladder distribution. Finally, the overall rock temperature is relatively low at the beginning, and there are only three peaks, where the middle one is the highest, due to the impact of central and lateral hydrothermal jets. Besides, there is a positive relationship between the rock temperature and jet temperature. The pressure difference has little influence on the heat transfer effect on the well bottom center, while the increase of pressure difference can substantially enhance the heat transfer effect on the part around center, which means that it can be used for downhole coring. Results in this paper could guide for parameters design of hydrothermal jet drilling technology.


As the aging of the workforce accelerates, the average organizational tenure of employees is continuously increasing. Accordingly, it became more important to explore the relationship between organizational tenure and employee attitudes, behaviors, and performance in order to draw implications for practice. Previous studies on the relationship between organizational tenure and job satisfaction have reported contradictory findings. To address the inconsistent results, this study hypothesizes and analyzes the nonlinear (U-shaped) relationship between organizational tenure and job satisfaction. In addition, this study also examines the moderating effect of the organizational level high-performance work system on the hypothesized relationship. With the multi-level analysis using a sample of 10,069 individuals from 411 firms, we found a U-shaped relationship such that job satisfaction initially decreases but increases after a certain point of organizational tenure. The results also indicate that the higher the level of the high-performance work system, the smoother the U-shaped relationship between organizational tenure and job satisfaction. Theoretical contribution and practical implications are also discussed.


A modified version of Director String Calculus (MDSC) is introduced which preserves the applicative structure of the original lambda terms and captures the strong reduction as opposed to weak reduction of the original Director String Calculus (DSC). Futhermore, MDSC provides an environment which supports the nonatomic nature of the substitution operation and hence can lend itself to parallel and optimal reduction. 'This research was supported in part by U. S. Army Research Office under grant DAAL03-87-G-0004


Purpose is determination of interdependencies between hydrochemical indicators of surface water quality in the example of a small river as a limiting factor of formation of aquatic ecosystem of territories. Correlation analyses of the studied indicators of water quality was conducted on an average value of each indicator (pH, phosphates, nitrates, BOD, COD, soluble oxygen). Found a significant increase in phosphates with time, with a coefficient of correlation R=0.71, indicating contamination of the water facility. This can be explained by the arrival of various surface-active substances and, to a lesser extent, the lack of quality sewage treatment facilities. Positive changes are founded in water object that is related to a decrease in the value of BOD. This is due to a decrease in the use of oxygen on oxidation of inorganic and organic substances. In general, the use of river runoff of the river above normal, and the overall environmental state of river basin is defined as "extremely poor".


Shape memory Ti-Ni alloys have fascinated significantly in recent years since these types of material are intelligent, shape memory and functional materials. These materials find many applications in the engineering and medical fields. In the current study, 'Ni-Ti' shape memory alloy (SMA) has been processed by wire spark erosion machining (WSEM). This research article explores the effects of controllable machining variables such as spark on-time, spark off-time, wire feed and servo voltage on productivity, i.e., material removal rate (MRR) and surface integrity. To assess the impact of WSEM controllable factor, a statistical analysis is done. Mathematical modelling and ANOVA study have been conducted after performing 29 experiments based on Box-Behnken design (BBD) of response surface methodology (RSM) technique. Artificial neural network (ANN) modelling technique is used for further prediction of the response. The predicted values obtained from the ANN model shows excellent agreement with experimental outcomes. In this study, the correlation coefficient (R) value is 0.9919, which is very close to unity. It is clearly showing that the prediction accuracy of ANN model is high. Furthermore, scanning electron microscope (SEM) is utilized to assess the microstructure and composition of the WSEMed surfaces. After a critical study, it has been noticed that machined surfaces contain debris, cracks, craters and spherical droplets. In addition, energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis has been performed to check the elemental composition on the machined surface.


A judicious application of the Berry-Esseen theorem via the concepts of Augustin information and mean is demonstrated to be sufficient for deriving the sphere packing bound with a prefactor that is $\Omega \left( {{n^{ - 0.5\left( {1 - E_{sp}^\prime \left( {R,W,p} \right)} \right)}}} \right)$ for the constant composition codes. The resulting non-asymptotic bounds have definite approximation error terms.


This study aims to describe the development of a Hybrid learning model in Translation: English-Indonesian learning for UINSU English Tadris students. researchers use the Borg and Gall model through ten steps. 30 research subjects were taken from the UINSU English Tadris study program population. Data were collected by observation techniques, questionnaires, and tests. Data analysis techniques use percentages, mean, and t-tests. The results of the validation research from experts I and II on the design of the hybrid learning model were an average of 4.34 in the very good category. Field test results I; average paratest 6.17 and posttest 6.60. Field test II average parates 6.63 and posttest 7.65. Field test III average paratest 6.72 and posttest 7. 69. Different test results through t-test on learning motivation t-count 9.254, student creativity 9.796, and learning outcomes 9.840 and it turns out that t-count> t-table 2.136 is proven there is a significant difference before using the model and after using the hybrid learning model. The conclusion of the study is that the hybrid learning model developed in this study is effectively used in Translation: English-Indonesian learning for UINSU English Tadris Program students.


Aims: To evaluate the outcome after early angiographic embolization in pelvic ring injuries associated with massive bleeding. Methods: We evaluated prospectively 32 consecutive patients. Special attention was paid to the þndings in angiography, the reliability of embolization, and the þnal result (survive or death). The causes of deaths were evaluated as well as the parameters correlating to this. Results: Angiography showed an isolated arterial injury in 16 (50%) and multiple arterial injuries also in 16 patients (50%). 9 patients had bilateral bleeding. Internal iliac artery and/or its main branches was the source of bleeding in 27 (85%), external iliac artery or its main branches in 2 (6%), and branches of both internal and external iliac arteries in 3 patients (9%). The embolization was successful in all cases. 11 patients (34%) died. The early deaths ( Conclusions: Angiographic embolization is an effective and life saving procedure. It should be considered in hypotensive patients with unstable pelvic ring injuries who remain haemodynamically unstable following adequate resuscitation with component therapy and external þxation.


The invention provides a TiO2/PI hybridization film with photocatalysis and self-cleaning function and the process for preparing it, which is characterized in that adding organic monomer in the process of preparing thin films with sol-gel processing, with titanium collosol hydrolytic polymerization happening, forming medlin phase (PAA) in original position polyreaction, finally, forming a nanometer crystal phase TiO2/PI hybridization film after heat treating. The thickness of hybridization film is not less than 300nm, which higher than anatase nanometer crystal phase obtained from common pure titanium collosol. There isn't crackle and flake for film in the process of heat treating. Chosing a suitable medlin leading body, a Ti-S bond is formed at the same time of forming a hydrogen bond in the hybridization film, which endowing film with photocatalysis and self-cleansing effect under the visible light. And the photocatalysis and self-cleansing effect of the film are higher than the photocatalysis activity of common titanium oxide nanometer crystal phase film, meanwhile, the film has good radiation resistant and chemical stability.


The article deals with the scientific positions of scientists on the social and legal understanding of the concept of "difficult life circumstances", analyzes the specified concept in relation to such concepts as: "difficulties", "unpredictable situation", "stressful situation", "critical situation". Considered difficult life circumstances as part of social exclusion, in relation to the concepts of "normal life", "life difficulties", "life situation", "life circumstances" and "complexity", in terms of understanding difficult life circumstances as a person characterized by relevant physical, physiological, mental factors of the person, as well as other factors that are not dependent on the will of the person, etc. It is emphasized that in the scientific literature there is no unity in the terminological sense of the concept of "difficult life circumstance", and therefore, in fact, there are no clear criteria characterizing the situation in which a person or his or her family has got into difficulty. In the cancers of the unit, the scientist identified the main factors that can cause difficult life circumstances and gave the author an understanding of the concept of "difficult life circumstances".
It is stated that the difficult life circumstances, as an integral part of social exclusion, imply a significant limitation of a person in the realization of individual human rights, which is connected with his social status, insufficient financial resources, old age, health status, etc.


The slagging characteristics of Indonesian lignite coal-water-slurry(CWS) were investigated in a horizontal furnace. The slagging is sampled in different position and time. The slagging mechanism during CWS combustion is researched by studying slagging samples in the furnace. Both of the samples in 6# hole and 9# hole are not melted, but the mass and rate of deposition is different. Slagging mechanism of Indonesian lignite CWS is explored according to ash content, mass of deposition, deposition rate and the micro-morphology of samples, which is useful for boiler design and operation.


Experimental program was determined based on the analysis of the nature of Duba crude oil.By use of on line corrosion monitoring technology,corrosion behavior of Duba crude oil was studied from the aspects of acidity,temperature,flow rate and blending ratio compared with that of Liaohe oil ect.


The producing sections of most wells at Zhongxi, Shengli, consist of 2 layers. To plug the highly permeable and watered out zones in these production and injection wells, a perforation sealing fluid is developed and composed of a phenolic resin hardenable at 50—90℃ in 11 hrs and mixed inorganic particles dispersed in water. The solid particles in aqueous dispersion accumulate in the perforations and are compressed and solidified, thus make the perforations sealed. The optimal composition of the sealing material (in mass fractions) is :coal cinder 0.32+fly ash 0.17+Cabentonite 0.21+pearlite 0.12+phenolic resin 0.18 and these particles are dispersed in 5 g/L HPAM aqueous solution. A Cabentonite/cement slurry is developed as presealing fluid to reduce the amount of sealing fluid to be squeezed. The calculating equations of the sealing malerial needed and of the extreme final squeezing pressure are presented. Totally 51 perforationsealing jobs have been conducted in Shengli and some other oil fields in 1995—2000 with successfulness of jobs of 98% and 2.16 t of presealing and 0.63 t of sealing materials per welljob are used in average. 2 well cases are described. The perforations in the watered out zones of well Zhong15 with case deformation troubles are simply sealed by using 3.0 t of presealing and 0.8 t of sealing materials; for well Zhong5232, the perforations in the watered out and producing zones separated by a thin layer of 2.4 m thick are all sealed by using 0.5 t of sealing materials. After perforating the proper zones in the 2 wells decrease in water cut and increase in oil productivity are observed.


Firewood is the basic energy source for 60% of the urban population and most of the rural population of Maputo province (Mozambique). Accelerated forest degradation is further reducing the limited firewood supplies in the region. To fulfil fuel needs and exploit the existing resource in a sustainable way, plantations should be established in the area at a rate of 17000 ha/year. Areas for forestry activities are limited to the marginal soils remaining after agriculture or livestock activities. Thus, working in such soils (mainly sandy soils with a grassy vegetation cover) the selection^ appropriate species and provenances allied with the use of appropriate silvicultural techniques is essential to guarantee adequate yield. The studies described in this thesis have examined how growth of E.grandis and E.camaldulensis is affected by different silvicultural factors, initially in the field, and later with respect to the effects of water and weed competition, in glasshouse conditions, in Canberra. They revealed that: (i) Factors which affect performance of Eucalyptus were more marked in E.grandis (a more demanding species) and least in the E.camaldulensis provenance from Petford. The negative effect of weeds was strong as they reduced both survival and growth. Thus, better land preparation allied with good weed control was effective in improving performance of both species; (ii) The effect of weeds appeared to be a result of competition for water rather than for nutrient. Possible allelopathic effects could be investigated in further studies; (iii) Some differences among provenances of E.camaldulensis from different climatic regions may contribute to their successful establishment and performance in plantations: The provenance from the humid tropics (Petford) appeared to be the most suited to planting in a wide range of different environment conditions as it was the least affected by the adverse weed and low water treatments. There was evidence that it did not need to modify its root system to tolerate water stress; The three provenances from the dry tropics (Gilbert River, Manning Creek and Victoria River), had greater rootishoot ratios, yet were more affected by the stress treatments and so they may prefer areas with regular distribution of rainfall; The provenance from the temperate zone (Lake Albacutya), with the lowest rootishoot ratio, was not able to increase its root system in presence of weeds or with low water and, like the previous group, was adversely affected by such treatments. The results have shown that detailed species and provenance trials need to be integrated with silvicultural trials. This is especially important if stress conditions are to be encountered. V I I I LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS A.N.U. A ustralia N ational U niversity auxil. auxiliary carnal. cam aldulensis cu.m. cubic m eter CSIRO Com m onw ealth Scientific and Industrial dbhob Research O rganisation diam eter at breast height over bark D.N.F.F.B. N ational D irectorate of Forest and W ildlife euc. eucalypt Gilb. rv. G ilbert River grand. ha grandis hectare inhab inhab itan t Lake Albac. Lake Albacutya M ann. ck. M anning Creek M.O. organic m atter Mt. m o u n ta in N.C.Harb. N orth Coffs H arbour NSW New South W ales Petf. Petford P.N.R. N ational Reforestation Program m e proven. QLD. provenance Q ueensland rv. river Vic. V ictoria Vict.rv. Victoria River W. of W and. W est of W andecla wgt. weight yr year CONTENTS TITLE i STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iv ABSTRACT v i LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS viii TABLE OF CONTENTS ix LIST OF TABLES xi LIST OF FIGURES xiv LIST OF APPENDICES xv TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1 CHAPTER 1 3 1.1 LOCALIZATION AND GENERALITIES 3 1.1.2.Soils 10 1.1.3 Vegetation 13 1.1.4 Existing stock 17 1.2. FORESTRY PRODUCTS DEMAND 20 1.2.1 Existing plantation programmes 23 1.2.2 The ideal plantation target 26 1.3 THE PROPOSED SPECIES 29 1.3.1 The needs for research programmes 29 1.3.2 Review of research programmes 29 1.3.3 Summarized performance of the Eucalyptus spp. trials. 32 CHAPTER 2 34 2.1 OBJECTIVES. 34 2.2 MATERIAL 35 2.3 RESULTS 43 2.3.1 Survival 43 2.3.2 Height and diameter growth 46 2.3.3 The health condition of the trees. 55 2.3.4 Stem form quality of trees. 58 2.3.5 Maturity stage of the trees. 61 2.4 DISCUSSION 63 2.5 CONCLUSIONS 73 CHAPTER 3 74 3.1 THE FINDINGS OF THE FIELD STUDY. 74 3.2 THE RATIONALE FOR FURTHER STUDY 75 CHAPTER 4 78 4.1 THE PROPOSED STUDY 78 4.2 MATERIAL AND METHODS 79 4.2.1 The first glasshouse experiment 79 4.2.2 The second glasshouse experiment 92 X 4.3 RESULTS 102 4.3.1 Results of the first glasshouse experiment 102 4.3.2 Results of the second glasshouse experiment 112 4.4 DISCUSSION 4.4.1 Seedling size 123 4.4.2 The production of leaves 127 4.4.3 Dry matter production 129 4.4.4 The partitioning of dry matter 131 4.4.5 Allelopathy: a possible effect 136 CHAPTER 5 138 5.1 CONCLUSIONS 138 5.2 RECOMENDATIONS 140 REFERENCES 142 APPENDICES 153


Much applied research uses expert judgment as a primary or additional data source, thus the problem solved in this publication is relevant. Despite the expert's experience and competence, the evaluation is subjective and has uncertainty in it. There are various reasons for this uncertainty, including the expert's incomplete competence, the expert's character and personal qualities, the expert's attachment to the opinion of other experts, and the field of the task to be solved. This paper presents a new way to use the Bayesian method to reduce the uncertainty of an expert judgment by correcting the expert's evaluation by the a posteriori mean function. The Bayesian method corrects the expert's evaluation, taking into account the expert's competence and accumulated long-term experience. Since the paper uses a continuous case of the Bayesian formula, perceived as a continuous approximation of experts' evaluations, this is not only the novelty of this work, but also a new result in the theory of the Bayesian method and its application. The paper investigates various combinations of the probability density functions of a priori information and expert error. The results are illustrated by the example of the evaluation of distance learning courses.


This paper introduced Xinfeng-Hunfeng cooler control system.The machine-electricity equipment adopts the advanced technologies,such as the cool air mixed air,frequency conversion timing,PLC control,adiabatic humidification.While fully utilizing cold air of outdoor low temperature environment,the air of high temperature is mixed in the computer laboratory,and introduce the cool air mixed air parameter and controll the temperature and humidity in the room,and regulate wind quantity of entering the computer lab by generating heat and guarantee the temperature of the computer lab being in the range of the request,and utilize adiabatic humidifier to add wet and controll the humidity in the computer lab at the same time.When the environmental temperature is relatively low,it may replace the special air conditioner.The result shows that the characteristics of the equipment are high control performance,low electric energy consumption,and environmental protection.The promotion and application will bring the enormous economic and social benefits.


Poverty is a serious problem associated with rapid urbanization in developing nations and is a contributory factor in the growth and exacerbation of street trading and child labour. Street trading and child labour in Yenagoa reflect chronic urban poverty, which can compel parents to send children of school age to work to boost family income. Thus, for many hours each day, children of poor parents are engaged in economic ventures including hawking, plaiting of hair, and being apprenticed to various trades. This research sought to explain the basics of child labour, its causes, and its effect on its victims and society as a whole. A questionnaire was used in this study to collect data. Three hundred questionnaires were distributed and 250 were retrieved. The findings of this study establish that street trading and child labour are a great menace to both the individual and society. This study recommends that the Nigerian government enact laws restricting parents from engaging their children in street trading and labour in Nigeria.


Pedal osteitis is a radiographic description of structural changes at the solar margin of the distal phalanx rather than a proven disease and cause of lameness. Little is known about the pathophysiologic mechanisms that cause the associated radiographic changes, and it is difficult to regard pedal osteitis as a primary disease. The radiographic changes leading to this descriptive designation have a variety of causes; thus, pedal osteitis is often an inappropriate definitive diagnosis by itself. This presentation describes the radiographic findings and causes and proposes more appropriate terminology.


ABSTRACT To explore whether living alone could increase the risk of cardiovascular outcomes. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science from their inception to 5 October 2020. Cohort studies evaluating the relationship between living alone and cardiovascular outcomes were included. Subgroup analyses were conducted to explore which characteristics would affect the relationship. A total of 13 effect sizes obtained from 11 studies were included and spanned from 1993 to 2019, with 424,286 participants. This study found that living alone increased the risk of cardiovascular outcomes (HR = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.10–1.36, I2 = 80.3%, P = 0.000). In subgroup analyses, living alone increased the risk of cardiovascular outcomes in patients from Europe (HR = 1.37, 95% CI: 1.17–1.61, I2 = 76.2%, P = 0.000), but not increased in Asia (HR = 1.17, 95% CI: 0.83–1.66, I2 = 76.2%, P = 0.000) and multiple regions (HR = 1.02, 95% CI: 0.96–1.08, I2 = 0.0%, P = 0.738). For different cardiovascular outcomes, living alone has statistical significance in increasing the risk of cardiovascular mortality (HR = 1.23, 95% CI: 1.05–1.46, I2 = 84.0%, P = 0.000) and myocardial infarction (HR = 1.11, 95% CI: 1.02–1.21, I2 = 29.6%, P = 0.213). The risk of cardiovascular mortality in men was higher than women (HR = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.24–1.86 vs HR = 1.01, 95% CI: 0.85–1.20; P < 0.05 for interaction). Sensitivity analysis suggested that the results of the meta-analysis were robust. In conclusion, living alone could increase the risk of cardiovascular outcomes and men were more prone to cardiovascular mortality and myocardial infarction.


A novel feature extraction technique based on a new class of nonlinear filters is presented for perceptually based, low bit rate image compression. In addition to having remarkable computational efficiency, the filters adaptively extract perceptually relevant edge and texture information with less amplification of noise than conventional linear filters. A two-band nonlinear decomposition based on the filters is constructed so that this feature information can be separated from the image. Separate coding strategies are examined that effectively quantize these features and the more stationary, low frequency residual information. The resulting compression scheme is compared with traditional methods of image compression and is shown to exhibit clear advantages in perceptual reconstruction quality.


This paper presents a detailed account of field studies performed on one pool-weir and several Denil and vertical slot fishways in the province of Alberta. The pictures show the broad features of the flow. The velocity profiles obtained in the field studies have confirmed the measurements made in the laboratory on scale models and have enhanced the general picture, particularly for the vertical slot fishways. This paper provides hydraulic engineers with information for understanding the primary hydraulic characteristics of fishways. Key words: fishways, field studies, hydraulics, open-channel flow, turbulent flow.


Study Objectives
To quantify the relationship between acute sleep deprivation and culpable involvement in motor vehicle crashes.

Methods
Participants were 6845 drivers involved in a representative sample of crashes investigated by the US Department of Transportation in years 2005-2007. A modified case-control study design was used to compare self-reported hours of sleep in the 24 hr before crashing between drivers deemed culpable versus nonculpable. Analyses controlled for fatigue-related, driver-related, and environmental factors. Specific errors that led to crashes were also examined.

Results
Drivers who reported having slept for 6, 5, 4, and less than 4 hr in the 24 hr before crashing had 1.3 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.04 to 1.7), 1.9 (1.1 to 3.2), 2.9 (1.4 to 6.2), and 15.1 (4.2 to 54.4) times the odds, respectively, of having been culpable for their crashes, compared with drivers who reported 7-9 hr of sleep. Drivers who had slept less than 4 hr had 3.4 (95% CI = 2.1 to 5.6) times the increase in odds of culpable involvement in single-vehicle crashes compared with multiple-vehicle crashes. Recent change in sleep schedule, typically feeling drowsy upon waking, and driving for 3+ hr were also associated with culpability (all p ≤ 0.013). Assuming nonculpable drivers comprised a representative sample of all drivers present where crashes occurred, these odds ratios approximate incidence rate ratios for culpable crash involvement per unit of time driving.

Conclusions
Driving after having slept less than 7 hr in a 24 hr period is associated with elevated risk of culpable crash involvement. Risk is greatest for drivers who have slept less than 4 hr and is manifested disproportionately in single-vehicle crashes.


The objective of this dissertation is to study the dynamics of systems consisting of interconnections of an arbitrary number of complete-reset pulse frequency modu lators (CRPFM's) and linear dynamical subsystems (in general, time-varying, lumped and/or distributed). CRPFM, which represents a generalization of several types of pulse frequency modulators (PFM's), consists of two basic components; a multi-input dynamic element, called the timing-filter (TF) and a threshold device (TD). Whenever the output of the TF reaches a given threshold value the TD generates an impulse and, at the same time, resets all the states of the TF to zero. This disserta tion is devoted to two basic aspects of system motion, namely stability of the equilibrium and periodic opera tion. Stability is defined in terms of finiteness of the number of pulses emitted by all modulators. This defi nition of "finite-pulse stability" (FPS) is related to IIL output stability and implies finite energy expen ded. An improved Lyapunov-like approach is presented which, however, is difficult to employ for higher order systems. A direct criterion for FPS is given which is not only easy to apply, but also provides bounds on the


The photometry of mutual occultations and eclipses of Galilean satellites of Jupiter can be used to deliver very accurate astrometric information,which can be further used for improvement of the dynamical models and their ephemerides of the concerned satellites.The photometry of the CCD images of mutual occultations and eclipses of Jupiter's satellites which were observed at Yunnan Observatory in 2003 was done and light curves in different situations were obtained.From the light curves,the midlight time and the decline magnitude can be obtained.It is found that the light curves will be stable when the halo around the Jupiter is removed and the photometric apertures are assigned between 1.5 and 2.0 times of FWHM of satellite's image.


The subject of Spanish missionary endeavor in the Americas, and the role of the Church in the overall process of adaptation and change between the colonizers and the colonized in the Spanish colonies, has attracted an ever-growing volume of thought-provoking writings. Throughout, the early, Ricardian thesis of the "spiritual conquest", a swift and successful conversion of the Indians to Christianity, has long been refuted. Moreover, the recent historiography on these themes has considerably enhanced our understanding of what the cultural encounter between Western-European-Christian world-views and those of the indigenous populations was all about. John F. Schwaller, the editor, was certainly facing a tough choice here in trying to select what was most suitable to include in such an anthology.


of a sessile tumor in the prostatic urethra, bladder neck, trigone, and portions of the lateral walls of the bladder. The histological examination revealed cystic glandular cystitis with extensive areas presenting an enteric pattern, without signs of malignancy (Figure 3). Ultrasonography of the urinary tract carried out 2 months postoperatively showed vesical thickening and irregularity in the area of the bladder floor, but without bilateral ureteral dilation. In another endoscopic procedure, we again resected vegetating tissue found in the area of the trigone, bladder neck, and prostatic urethra. The histologic examination confirmed the diagnosis of glandular cystitis. Due to recurrence of the pseudo-tumoral tissue, and in the absence of a pre-established therapeutic course, we decided to treat the condition using intravesical BCG (bacillus Calmette-Guerin) with a weekly application for a total Figure 3 - (A) Microphotograph showing the transitional area between the normal urothelium and the metaplastic glandular epithelium with an enteric pattern (B) High cylindric cells with polarized nuclei inferiorly, large cytoplasm, clear, and full of mucus. Figure 2 - Computed tomography indicating a mass between the bladder and the rectum, in a sagittal section, and at the base of the bladder in a frontal section


The research was conducted in the evergreen lowland forest of the Ecuadorian Amazon, four clusters settled in the provinces of Morona Santiago, Pastaza, Orellana and Sucumbios.
The purpose of the research was to generate information on the amount of biomass and generate allometric models to estimate total aboveground biomass with species that stratum.
The species inventory was conducted in a total of 12 plots covering an area of 4,32 ha, measuring trees larger than 10 cm dbh , a total of 269 tree species were identified. To generate reliable information in addition to the inventory applied a destructive method of low intensity, a total of 52 trees were harvested, four species: Guarea kunthiana, Grias peruviana, Jacaranda copaia, Inga sp., these species are more IVI in the four cluster study.
The form factor calculated for 269 species, reaching an average value of 0,47, this value was obtained with a sample of 1 314 trees.
The values biomass expansion factor (BEF) were estimated for the four species harvested Grias peruviana (2,37) ; Jacaranda copaia (1,28), Inga sp. (1,83) Guarea kunthiana (2,49 ). In species FEB average value is 1,94.
The distribution of biomass at the species ranges from 4,08 to 4 524,11 kg/ha with an average of 462,428 kg/ha of biomass per tree, these values demonstrate the dominance of few species of large diameter , represented by: Eschweilera coriacea (4 524,11 kg/ha) , followed by Inga sp. (4 229.6 kg/ha), Cecropia sciadophylla (3 776.36 kg/ha), Jacaranda copaia (3 522.85 kg/ha), Terminalia oblonga (3 025.27 kg/ha). Moreover, 70 % of the species have biomass middle and lower values, notably species: Grias peruviana (881.83 kg/ha), Otoba parvifolia (2 689.06 kg/ha), Dacryodes peruviana (1 669,64 kg/ha), Nectandra sp. ( 1 307,25 kg/ha), Pourouma minor (909.31 kg/ha), despite having small diameters, have a key role in carbon storage due to the high number of individuals containing, as they are still growing and some will be dominant individuals .
In Allometric models for estimating aboveground biomass generated at the species level, simple linear regression was used with one, two three regressor variables y = a + b * x + c * z ; variables include diameter at breast height (dbh), total height (ht) , commercial height (hc) and logarithms of these variables. Select models exceed the value of R2 0,76 of the species Theobroma cacao, the highest R2 value was established for the species Iryanthera juruensis R2 0,99. The best-fitting model was the one variable (dap2) B = a + b * dap2, and the combination of two independent variables (dap2 and commercial height) B= a + b * dap2 + c * hc. The dap2 and commercial height (hc) were the variables most correlated with coefficients of variation ranging from R2 = 0,76 - 0,99.


A pivotable connection between a wiper arm and a wiper blade support (2), with a connection piece (13) on the wiper arm or the wiper bar (14), is secure yet easy to manipulate when changing the wiper blade, as the connection piece (13) has a through hole (17) with inside thread (18) arranged concentrically to a transverse geometric axis (6), a screw (19) which serves as hinge pin being screwed into the through hole (17), thus establishing a detachable frictional connection between the screw (19) and the connection piece (13). At its opposite ends the screw (19) is equipped with cylindrical bearing sections (20, 21) which project laterally out of the through hole (17) of the connection piece (13) and are rotatably mounted in the associated bearing bores (11, 12) in the lateral walls (9, 10) of the connection section (5) of the wiper blade support.


Recently, the relation of automata and groups has been studied. It was shown that properties of groups can be studied using state diagrams of modified automata and modified Watson-Crick automata. In this work, we investigate the relation of subgroups with the modified finite and Watson-Crick automata. We also establish the conditions for the recognition of subgroups by using the modified automata.


Generally, this study delved on the performance of Teacher Education Institutions in state universities and colleges of Region IV-B in relation to their Level II accreditation status. The levels of performance of Teacher Education Institutions were seen in terms of the following indicators: 1) faculty with specific provisions in teaching performance and professional development; 2) curriculum and instruction with specific provisions in board examination performance and admission-graduation ratio; 3) research outputs; and 4) extension services. Descriptive and documentary analysis types of research were adopted. Data extracted from the Agency Performance Rating (APR) instrument which is basically the measurement the tool for Normative Financing Scheme of DBM, the SUC Leveling instrument of CHED, the National Budget Circular (NBC) No. 461-Qualitative Common Evaluation (QCE) instrument, the Performance Evaluation System (PES) of the Civil Service Commission and the AACCUP Survey Instrument were used. As an offshoot of the study, a sustainable accreditation plan was proposed. The respondents of the study were the Teacher Education Institutions in the main campus of six state universities and colleges in Region IV-B offering Bachelor of Elementary Education and Bachelor of Secondary Education during the SY 2011-2012. Generally, the findings revealed that the level of performance as perceived by the SUC-TEIs under study and based from the ratings of AACCUP varies in different descriptions. Comparative analysis showed that board examination performance and admission-graduation ratio got statistically similar ratings from the two evaluation systems and that their assessments as far as academic performance is concerned are the same on the aforementioned areas. However, a significant difference was reflected on the areas of teaching performance, professional development and extension Services and highly significant difference on research as perceived by the SUC-TEIs and AACCUP. Documents supplemental to the data elucidated that the six TEIs of state universities and colleges in Region IV-B have common strengths and limitations in the four major (4) areas of accreditation. Conclusions were drawn out of the findings and strengthened the concept that despite gaining level II accreditation status, there were some areas that need considerable improvement in performing the academic functions of Teacher Education Institutions to achieve institutional effectiveness. An overview of the general result showed that several items have no significant difference between the perception made by SUC-TEIs respondents under study and the accreditation ratings by AACCUP concluding, therefore, that the two groups of organization had almost the same analysis as to the effectiveness of academic performance of these six TEIs. Common limitations were identified in almost all Teacher Education Institutions. For these reasons, it was recommended that faculty members of each college/dept should sustain a strong academic focus and further strengthen capabilities in research and extension. Re-evaluation of the areas with low performance was also suggested for possible interventions that can be resulted to an effective and efficient delivery of services to stakeholders. Other areas that did not contribute significant effects to the performance of the College/Department of Education should be given emphasis and attention by the school administration in preparation for the next higher level of accreditation. Finally, adoption of the proposed sustainable accreditation plan for the University/College and replication of this study among other SUCs located in other regions or maybe used by other programs are advocated.


Generator hollow copper strands are frequently subjected to plug and flow restriction caused by copper oxide deposition. Response surface methodology was used to optimize the three key independent operating parameters, namely temperature, pH, and dissolved oxygen, to decrease copper corrosion. The characterization of chemical features was studied by atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The optimum condition was obtained as temperature 60 °C, pH 8.5, and dissolved oxygen 0.04 mg/L. At this applied optimum condition, the corrosion rate and the content of dissolved copper ions could be lower than 0.005 mm y−1 and 25 µg/L, respectively. Increasing pH could decrease both the corrosion rate and the content of dissolved copper ions owing to enhance the height of layer and varied the composition of the film.


We review and synthesize our recent work on realized volatility in financial markets. This includes (1) constructing and interpreting realized volatilities for a variety of asset returns ("understanding"), (2) determining underlying sampling frequencies high enough to produce precise estimates yet low enough to mitigate microstructure bias ("optimizing"), (3) putting realized volatilities to work in various contexts, such as the production of standardized returns series with desirable properties ("using"), and (4) using predictions of realized volatility for improved financial risk management ("forecasting").


I develop a structural model with nested CES preferences to obtain optimal markups for heterogeneous retailers when the prices of all their inputs are exogenous. The model predicts that, if the taste parameters are constant over time, the markups for retailers with higher market share are higher but have more flexibility, implying an incomplete pass-through of retailer input price into final retailer prices. I then focus on the exchange rate pass-through (ERPT) and use a unique data set of all the price changes of tradeable merchandise in the Mexican Consumer Price Index (CPI) data by store type to test the model. I find, consistent with the model, that (1) ERPT is different by store type; and (2) products sold in stores with negligible market share have the same ERPT regardless of the store type. Both results imply that the ERPT is estimated with bias when the store information is not used.


Splenic cysts are not common in young adults. They can be divided into true cysts and pseudocyts. Pseudocysts comprise 80% of all cystic disease in the spleen. Here we report on an eighteen-year-old patient with acute abdominal pain and distension that developed after a small traffic trauma. Abdominal computed tomography showed haemoperitoneum and a ruptured cystic lesion over the splenic fossa. Owing to the high mortality of hypovolemic shock, emergency surgical hemostasis was necessary. We performed a complete splenectomy and autogenic transplantation. The patient was discharged uneventfully one week later.


Immunoassay for determining aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) involves using the toxic mycotoxin in a conjugated form. To replace the toxic conjugate in an immunoassay, four mimotope peptides of AFB1 were acquired by a panning-elution selection from a phage library. Because the phage library was displayed on the N-terminus of the minor coat protein gIIIp of the filamentous phage M13, the copy number of the expressed mimotope was too low to being used in an immunoassay. To solve such problem, one mimotope peptide (HPSDPRH) was fused with the major coat protein gVIIIp by the pC89 phagemid display system, which led to a high copy number expression in a recombinant phage. The recombinant phage bearing the AFB1 mimotope peptide was identified by an anti-AFB1 monoclonal antibody, and confirmed by DNA sequencing. An immunoassay was set up with the recombinant phage. The new method was compared with a conventional immunoassay. The calibration curves and the results of accuracy and precision were almost identical in both methods, which demonstrated the possibility of using the recombinant phage replacing the AFB1-protein conjugate to set up immunoassay.

PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS

The recombinant phages with mimotope peptide-fused gVIIIp can be used in hazards detection concerning food safety in immunoassays, when haptens are unstable, difficult to conjugate, valuable, dangerous or toxic in practice.


Letter from M. Cherif Bassiouni to Hans Correll re: Correll's fax about letter from Mr. Jovanovich to the Secretary-General, enclosed letter from M. Cherif Bassiouni to Graham Blewitt re: IHRLI Documentarian Database


This paper describes an experimental investigation initiated to determine the threedimensional flow field inside the rim seal cavity of a double-shrouded rotor-stator system. Thereby, the effects caused by perturbances in the rotor wall were additionally examined. The objective of this work is to provide detailed information about the mechanisms that can promote elevated temperature levels in the high pressure section of a gas turbine. Both ingested hot gas and windage heating generated at the rotor-stator interface can severely affect the material temperatures and thus considerably increase the thermal load of the rotating parts.


The invention discloses a manufacturing method of a shallow groove isolating structure, which comprises the following steps of: providing a semiconductor underlay; forming a mat oxide layer and a mat azotization layer on the surface of the semiconductor underlay; carrying out the etch of the mat oxide layer, the mat azotization layer and the semiconductor underlay to form the grooves; carrying out sedimentation of a first medium layer at the grooves and the surface of the underlay; implementing a first thermal annealing step; carrying out the sedimentation of a second medium layer on the surface of the first medium layer; implementing a second thermal annealing step; and grinding the first medium layer and the second medium layer to the mat azotization layer and removing the mat azotization layer and the mat oxide layer. The STI isolating structure and the manufacturing method of the invention can realize void-free and zero-defect filling of a high depth-width ratio STI isolating groove.


Abstract Corn (Zea mays L) is one of the cereal plants that grows almost all over the world and is classified as a species with large genetic variability. In Indonesia corn is the second staple food after rice. Besides that, corn can be used as animal feed ingredients and industrial raw materials (Fadhullah Muhammad 2016). Sieving is the separation of the mixture of solid particles that have various sizes of material using a sieve. The sieving process is also used as a cleaning tool, the separator of waste which is different in size from the raw material. The purpose of this study was to modify and technically test the corn seed cleaning system using the electro motor sway and different air flow speeds using a fan. This research has been carried out in the Agricultural Engineering Workshop, Agriculture Technology Department of the Faculty of Agriculture Unsrat for 3 months from May to July 2018, including the making of sieving tools, implementation of sieving experiments and analysis of research data. This study includes the modification and technical testing of corn seed cleaning equipment with a combination of swaying and wind blowing sieve systems, using 3 different air flow rates from different fans with 3 (three) replications, namely: 1. Air flow velocity 1.3 m / s ( A), 2. Air flow velocity 2.1 m / s, (B), and 3.Air flow velocity of 3.5 m / s (C). The speed of air flow in this study is not the same level, only adjusting the speed of the fan (fan) made by the factory Keywords: Modification of tools, sway sieve system, wind gusts


This Research objective is to build a website information about the introduction of chemical elements in the Periods.  System of elements at High School Level (high school) in order to assist students in learning, and knowing the chemical elements in the Periods system of Elements (SPU).  The method used in the process of data collection methods by the method of literature study conducted by away of seeking material support, defining the problem through the books closely related to the problem object as well as software development method is used the  method development life cycle (Life Cycle) consists of several stages of the process planning stage, the analysis phase, design phase, implementation phase, evaluation phase and stage use.  This research has produced an introduction to the software aids the chemical elements at the High School Level (high school) and on her website can help students to learn and know the chemical elements in the Periods system of Elements (SPU).


Public services are often the most convenient measure to understand the extent to which the performance of the government in carrying out its role and function. As a public servant, the government is responsible for providing the best service to the public because basically, people are citizens who have their rights met with no exception. Starting from the fact still bad all the public services that occurred in this country then this paper intends to contribute thoughts on public service reform in an effort to implement the ideal of public service. Key Word:  reform of public services, public services are ideal


A process for preparing a low-Pb and -Mg rare-earth metal mixture features that the cheap ammonium dicarbonate and a sulfide MS are used to treat the high-mg and -Pb molten rare-earth material to remove the impurities Mg, Zn and Pb from it, and a fused salt electrolysis method is used to obtain the low-Pb and -Mg rare-earth metal mixture. Its advantages include low cost, high efficiency, and low impurity content of less than 0.05% for Mg or less than 0.01% for Pb.


abstract:This article explores James Fredericks's arguments for the importance of interreligious friendship not just for comparative theology but for the continued religious division we find today. Through friendship, one is able to come closer to the other who is different from oneself, which can lead to the development of solidarity with the other. At the same time, the "otherness" of the friend is maintained, allowing one to truly learn not simply from the similarity with the other, but more importantly through the differences.


Abstract : The article is devoted to a description of an automatic plotter designed for operation with the M-20 digital computer. The technical specifications of the plotter are presented. Its design is described in brief. The coupling of the plotter to the M-20 computer and the sub-program for reference to the plotter are described in detail. (Author)


As the use of non-classical logics become increasingly important in computer science, artificial intelligence and logic programming, the development of efficient automated theorem proving based on non-classical logic is currently an active area of research. The paper aims at the resolution principle for the Pavelka type fuzzy logic. Pavelka had shown in 1979 that the only natural way of formalizing fuzzy logic for truth values in the unit interval [0, 1] is by using Lukasiewicz's implication operator, in short L/sub /spl aleph//. So we firstly focus on the resolution principle for Lukasiewicz logic L/sub /spl aleph//. Some limitations of classical resolution and resolution procedures for some fuzzy logics are analyzed. Then some preliminary ideals about combining resolution procedure with the implication connectives in L/sub /spl aleph// are given. Moreover, a resolution-like rule, i.e., MP rule is proposed. By use of the MP rule, a resolution procedure in L/sub /spl aleph// is proposed and the soundness theorem of this resolution procedure is also proved. Finally, we apply the resolution to a Horn clause with truth-value in an enriched residuated lattice as Pavelka (1979) discussed.


The function and space have close relation in the library buildings.Only by making an intensive study of the characteristics,character and organization of the library building space,grasping its internal laws,planning and designing library buildings on this base,can people build a modern library which will sustainably develop and embodies the functional requirements.


This article reports the first in situ diffraction result collected under applied electric field on a hybrid improper ferroelectric which shows a subtle yet robust preference for a switching mechanism that proceeds via an unwinding of the octahedral rotation mode.


In order to make a set of complete theoretical calculation methods of structure design on crest spillway of face rockfill dam, proposed from view of the mechanical point, according to stability analysis of chute bottom slab for crest spillway of face rockfill dam, obtained the anti-slide stable performance function, used computer program of JC method to calculate structural reliability. Applications showed the theoretical design method can further improve the structure design theory of crest spillway of face rockfill dam, it can achieve the better and credible calculating results, provide the reference for future engineering applications.


This thesis explores the problem of Attitude Estimation and Control of a quadcopter in a GPS denied environment. This is particularly important in cases such as bridge inspections. The sensor used for this purpose was a LiDAR which allows the estimation of the relative position and attitude of the vehicle relative to a pier. Firstly, the problem of attitude estimation was addressed, using vector measurements expressed in the body frame and in the inertial frame, fusing this information with the one obtained from the gyroscopes. The presented observers can estimate a constant bias in the angular velocity with a few changes. Both versions were developed and the cases were they can be used were analysed. Experimentally the observers were tested using vector measurements in the body and inertial frames obtained from the LiDAR, where those measurements correspond to edges of a reference pier. Position and attitude controllers were also developed in order to keep the Quadcopter facing the pier. These were then experimentally tested using the Rotation Matrix from the IMU, the estimator and the estimated position from the LiDAR. The results obtained for this system were promissing and can be used when GPS information is unavailable.


OBJECTIVE
To determine the effects of esmolol on hemodynamics and heart rate variability (HRV) in the early stage of sepsis.

DESIGN
Prospective, randomized, controlled, parallel trial.

SETTINGS
Veterinary research laboratory.

ANIMALS
Ten anesthetized piglets.

INTERVENTIONS
Septic shock was induced by infusing a suspension of live Pseudomonas aeruginosa IV in 10 anesthetized piglets. The piglets were resuscitated according to a standardized protocol using Ringer's lactate solution, norepinephrine, and milrinone. Once stabilized, the piglets were randomized to receive IV esmolol, titrated to a heart rate <90/min, or control, receiving saline. A pulmonary artery catheter and an arterial catheter were inserted for hemodynamic measurements. The Analgesia/Nociception Index (ANI) and the normalized HRV frequency domain parameters - high-frequency (HF), low frequency (LF), LF/HF ratio - were recorded using a proprietary monitor.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS
A significant decrease in cardiac output and heart rate, and a significant increase in systemic vascular resistance were observed over time in the esmolol group in comparison to the control group. No other differences were observed in hemodynamic parameters. No significant differences were observed in ANI variations or HRV parameters over time between groups.

CONCLUSIONS
The administration of esmolol produced significant changes in hemodynamics with no change in ANI values or HRV parameters. Further study is needed to understand the effect of esmolol during sepsis.


The enhanced thermal, electrical and mechanical properties can be explored by polymer based nanocomposites. In the present work, initially nanocrystalline Zinc Oxide particle is successfully synthesized at room temperature by sol gel method using Zinc acetate and Oxalic acid. The material is characterized using XRD, to determine the grain size. The nanocomposites are prepared for pure, 1wt% 2 WT% and 3wt% by mixing and pouring the nanoparticles with the epoxy resin and appropriate amount of hardener into the mould. The obtained polymer sheet is characterized using thermal, electrical and mechanical studies to study glass transition temperature, AC conductivity, tensile and elongation properties of the ZnO/epoxy nanocomposites respectively.


The objective of this paper is to contribute to the debate on the change of social status that immigrants obtain and their labor categorization. In particular, emphasis is placed on the experiences of Venezuelans who work as drivers for Cabify and Uber in the city of Quito. This research focuses on the self-perception and complex perception that the subjects go through due to the reconstruction of their social imaginary. Therefore, through this micro-cosmos of study, we seek to understand certain generalities about labor insertion and social status change given in the processes of human mobility.


This paper models the economic and hydrological impacts of upstream water diversion on downstream floodplain activities. The model is illustrated and applied to the example of the Hadejia‐Jama'are River Basin, northern Nigeria. Full implementation of all the upstream dams and large‐scale irrigation schemes in the river basin would produce losses of US$20.2–20.9 million in present value terms in terms of flooplain agriculture, forestry, and fishing. The associated annual losses from declining groundwater levels in surrounding areas would be around $1.2 million for tube well irrigation and $4.76 million for domestic water consumption. The introduction of a regulated flooding regime for upstream dams would probably protect the groundwater recharge function of the downstream floodplain and reduce substantially the losses to agriculture, forestry, and fishing to around $15.4–16.5 million.


The objective of the article is to present the possibilities of using an input-output model in macroeconomic evaluations of the economy taking into account past experience and suggestions for the future. During the study we found that the input-output model is a useful tool for evaluating and interpreting economic phenomena. It can be used primarily to evaluate relationships and to diagnose the sources of diversified development between branches within a given economy. There is a need to expand the interpretation of the input-output model by adding a fourth part. This would entail publishing data on the distribution of generated income. Further, it would be interesting to attempt to use this model to present supply inequality while taking into account the environmental context of the macroeconomic analysis.


With the increase in popularity of the Internet and the advancement of technology in the fields like bioinformatics and other scientific communities the amount of sequential data is on the increase at a tremendous rate. With this increase, it has become inevitable to mine useful information from this vast amount of data. The mined information can be used in various spheres; from day to day web activities like the prediction of next web pages, serving better advertisements, to biological areas like genomic data analysis etc. A rough set based clustering of sequential data was proposed by Kumar et al recently. They defined and used a measure, called Sequence and Set Similarity Measure to determine similarity in data. However, we have observed that this measure does not reflect some important characteristics of sequential data. As a result, in this paper, we used the fuzzy set technique to introduce a similarity measure, which we termed as Kernel and Set Similarity Measure to find the similarity of sequential data and generate overlapping clusters. For this purpose, we used exponential string kernels and Jaccard's similarity index. The new similarity measure takes an account of the order of items in the sequence as well as the content of the sequential pattern. In order to compare our algorithm with that of Kumar et al, we used the MSNBC data set from the UCI repository, which was also used in their paper. As far as our knowledge goes, this is the first fuzzy clustering algorithm for sequential data.


This paper analysized the reason of female students in Grade 2004 at Heze University studying technical ability and choosing study by using document method,mathematical statistics method and logical inductive method,and put forward corresponding strategy.


The FBG sensors were embedded in a Beijing freeway, and two 3D-sensor groups were placed in middle and bottom layers of bituminous concrete pavement to capture 3D strain informationi¤The experiment was conducted to test the internal response values of strain under different vehicle weights and loading speedsi¤The actual tground pressures varied from 0i¤49 MPa to 0i¤97 MPa, and the driving speeds included 17 km/h, 30 km/h, 44km/h, 56 km/h and 69 km/hi¤After calculating and analyzing those monitoring data, it was found that all the strain values of sensors rise largely with the decrease of speed and the increase of weighti¤These trends are consis with mechanical analysis and experiential prediction, which ulteriorly testify the feasibility of the FBG sensor technique experiment result shows that FBG sensors have stable characteristic and could be widely used for monitoring the structure strain of asphalt pavementi¤


Shot transition detection is a core technology in video browsing, indexing systems and information retrieval. In this paper we propose a dissolve detection algorithm using the characteristics of edge in MPEG compressed video. Using the intensity change information of edge pixels obtained by Sobel edge detector, we detect the location of a dissolve and its precise duration. We also present a new reliable method to eliminate the false dissolves. The proposed algorithm is tested in various types of videos, and the experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is effective and robust.


Rather than denoting fuzzy membership with a single value, orthopairs such as Atanassov's intuitionistic membership and non-membership pairs allow the incorporation of uncertainty, as well as positive and negative aspects when providing evaluations in fuzzy decision making problems. Such representations, along with interval-valued fuzzy values and the recently introduced Pythagorean membership grades, present particular challenges when it comes to defining orders and constructing aggregation functions that behave consistently when summarizing evaluations over multiple criteria or experts. In this paper we consider the aggregation of pairwise preferences denoted by membership and non-membership pairs. We look at how mappings from the space of Atanassov orthopairs to more general classes of fuzzy orthopairs can be used to help define averaging aggregation functions in these new settings. In particular, we focus on how the notion of `averaging' should be treated in the case of Yager's Pythagorean membership grades and how to ensure that such functions produce outputs consistent with the case of ordinary fuzzy membership degrees.