ABSTRACT Smads serve as intracellular mediators of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling. After phosphorylation by activated type I TGF-β receptors, Smad proteins translocate to the nucleus, where they serve as transcription factors and increase or decrease expression of TGF-β target genes. Mice lacking one copy each ofSmad2 and Smad3 suffered midgestation lethality due to liver hypoplasia and anemia, suggesting essential dosage requirements of TGF-β signal components. This is likely due to abnormal adhesive properties of the mutant hepatocytes, which may result from a decrease in the level of the β1-integrin and abnormal processing and localization of E-cadherin. Culture of mutant livers in vitro revealed the existence of a parallel developmental pathway mediated by hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), which could rescue the mutant phenotype independent of Smad activation. These pathways merge at the β1-integrin, the level of which was increased by HGF in the cultured mutant livers. HGF treatment reversed the defects in cell proliferation and hepatic architecture in theSmad2 +/− ; Smad3 +/− livers.


Interstate compacts are one of the primary institutional mechanisms that states use for addressing regional issues such as sharing and management of transboundary rivers. However, state compliance with compacts can be challenging and costly. This article asks: how do conflict resolution venues and the design of state administrative systems affect the distribution of compliance costs? Through a study of western interstate water compacts we find that compliance costs are more equally shared among states in voluntary conflict resolution venues compared to compulsory venues. In addition, centralized administrative systems result in state governments bearing the costs of compliance actions, whereas polycentric administrative systems distribute costs between the state and water users. Finally, we explore the applicability of our findings to other interstate settings. Copyright 2012, Oxford University Press.


Because of the high-speed rotating impeller and the asymmetry volute, the flow parameters are strongly nonlinear in the screw centrifugal pump runner, in which the flow is multi-scale irregular and complex; moreover, the solid–liquid two-phase flow exacerbated the degree of nonlinear. To analyze the mechanism of solid–liquid two-phase flow and the evolution of the vortex in screw centrifugal pump, the model of the large- and meso-scale vortex evolution when the solid–liquid two-phase flow layered with the buoyancy effect is established, the flow structure and the change regulation of inner flow are revealed in the screw centrifugal pump, by the means of theoretical study of the inner flow states of the screw centrifugal pump, and the calculation of the internal flow field numerical simulation was performed. The research shows that the isodensity surface and isobaric surface are oblique which lead to the change in the vorticity; with both the fluid viscosity and the baroclinicity, the working vortex maintains an orderly flow form in time and space; the form of the vortex is mainly affected by the forces of fluid field, the vortex constantly reshapes the flow structure, the low-pressure areas form the positive vortex, while high-pressure areas are inclined to forming the reverse vortex, both the positive and reverse vortices always appear in pairs, which make the fluid take on the next states continuously; it is the difference of solid and liquid proportion in the solid–liquid two-phase flow that results in the phenomenon in which the flow tends to form different concentrations and stratifications, especially in rotating machinery; these phenomena are more common. With the effect of the rotating machinery impeller, the flow field becomes the flow with the vorticity, namely, forming the rotational flow, as well as the velocity difference between solid and liquid in the solid–liquid two-phase flow, and leads to that the fluid machinery internal velocity gradient and pressure gradient change is considerably great, which induces and motivates the generation and evolution of the vortex further.


Characteristics of diameter distributions in 28 even-aged northern hardwood (Acer-Betula-Tsuga) and upland oak (Quercus spp.) stands were investigated to determine if even-aged stands of shade-tolerant and midtolerant (intermediate) species can be consistently identified without direct age determinations. The diameter distributions of midtolerant species consistently approximated a normal distribution. Those of tolerant species were highly variable, ranging from unimodal to steeply descending in form. Distributions of tolerant species that departed strongly from a unimodal form were those of stands having a large admixture of midtolerant species. Confusion with all-aged stands in such cases can be avoided if classification of age structure is based on the diameter distributions of midtolerant species. Even-aged and all-aged stands can generally be distinguished on the basis of diameter distributions, but even-aged stands cannot be consistently distinguished from multi-aged stands in which young trees are sparse or absent. In such cases, a number of direct age determinations would be necessary. INTRODUCTION Data on age structure of forest stands are often needed in ecological studies, especially for quantifying the role of natural and man-caused disturbances in forested landscapes. The only feasible nondestructive technique for direct interpretation of age structure requires the extraction of cores from trees in sample plots. This procedure is time-consuming and is not feasible when extensive areas must be inventoried. Accuracy in age determination of large trees is limited by the frequent occurrence of heart rot and by the fact that the number of rings above the butt swell does not indicate the total age of the tree. Indirect assessment of age structure has therefore been frequently attempted, of which the most promising method has been the interpretation of diameter frequency distributions. To give a reasonable indication of age structure, diameter distributions must be plotted separately for individual species from small homogeneous stands (Hough, 1932). Even-aged stands of many species typically have unimodal diameter distributions that may show varying degrees of skewness at a young age but gradually approach a more symmetric normal distribution with time (Baker, 1923; Meyer, 1930; Hough, 1932; Schnur, 1934; Nelson, 1964; Mohler et al., 1978). All-aged stands of shade-tolerant species with only light past disturbance, on the other hand, are wellknown to have steeply descending, monotonic diameter distributions that can be approximated by the negative exponential and negative power functions (de Liocourt, 1898; Hough, 1932; Assmann, 1970; Leak, 1973, 1975; Hett and Loucks, 1976; Tubbs, 1977; Lorimer, 1980). A third type of age structure may occur in stands having several age classes that may or may not be of equal prominence. Diameter distributions in such stands may vary from near normal to irregular negative exponential in form depending upon the dispersion of age classes and the degree of shade tolerance of the species (Hough, 1932; Henry and Swan, 1974; Leak, 1975; Oliver and Stephens, 1977; Harcombe and Marks, 1978; Lorimer, 1980, 1983a). Some stands of this latter type are technically uneven-aged or all-aged but nevertheless developed after heavy destruction of the overstory, and the wide range in age merely reflects the range of ages among smaller trees present prior to the disturbance (Henry and Swan, 1974; Lorimer, 1983a). In other cases, the restricted or unbalanced age distribution may be due to other external


A method for multi-disc players the playback control function, said multi-disc playback unit comprises a disc changer, the disc changer comprises a set of disc cartridge, the disc cartridge can be loaded with these comprise at least one plate and a LD a set of disc CD and above, which player further comprises a set of sensors disposed at an appropriate position of the disc changer in the disc changer to detect the loading state of the disc, for controlling a rotational state of the optical disc and the disc changer in the disc cartridge and setting a position servo system for controlling the multiple disk as overall operation of the microcomputer discharge machine.


With the development of social industry and smart grid, users have higher and higher requirements for power quality and power supply reliability. Therefore, it is of great significance to maintain the stability of network voltage and realize non-power outage closing loop transfer. Static Var Generator (SVG) is adopted in this paper to meet the demand of non-power load transfer during voltage disturbance against extreme conditions. Firstly, the droop regulation is introduced to realize the load bus voltage control, and then the control strategy of the SVG is changed through analysis to make it participate in the DC side loop-closing operation as a loop-closing device. Finally, under the PSCAD / EMTDC environment, the voltage regulating capacity of SVG is verified through simulation, and the participation in loop power supply is analyzed, which further verifies the feasibility of SVG participating in loop power supply, reflecting the advantages of SVG in stable voltage and loop-closing operation.


facus, the author has found that under certain circumstances the bacterium completely ceased to proliferate and subsequently began to lyse, suggesting that the bacterium might have been attacked by a bacteriophage virulent. In view of the fact that thus far little is known about the bacteriophage acting upon Bacillus subtilis, except of that reported by the pioneer work of d' HERELLE in 1926, it was deemed worth while to investigate the cause of the lysis occurring in this variety of Bacillus subtilis. The lysate of bacterial cells was heated for 30 minutes at 60•‹, and after centrifugation at 5,000 _??_ .p. m. for 15 minutes, the supernate was fiiltered through a bacterial filter of a Chamberland type. The filtrates of successive dilution were mixed with definite volumes of broth-culture of the bacterium, and poured on a series of agar plates which were prepared by the agar layer technique as described by GRATIA (1939). After 24 hours of incubation at 37•‹, the culture on each


Accurate prediction of house sales prices plays a pivotal role in various real estate and financial applications. As the real estate market continues to grow and evolve, it becomes increasingly important to employ advanced machine learning techniques to model and forecast housing prices. This research study presents a comprehensive study that investigates the performance of various regression algorithms like Linear Regression, Random Forest, Gradient Boosting and Extra-Trees for house sales price prediction. By examining a wide range of regression techniques, this study intends to identify the most effective algorithm for accurately predicting the household prices. Experiments are conducted to assess the models using Kaggle house prediction dataset, which has 1460 instances and 81 features. Feature extraction is done to select the most informative features. The results reveal that Extra-Trees outperform other regression methods with top 30 informative features.


A system, method, and computer program product are provided for efficiently automating software testing of business flows. In use, a business flow executed by a user is recorded by a testing system. The business flow is executed by the testing system utilizing a plurality of user selected parameters. Additionally, the recorded business flow is automatically parsed by the testing system into a plurality of activities associated with the business flow. Further, one or more existing automated activities in a test automation repository that correlate with one or more of the plurality of activities associated with the business flow are identified by the testing system (e.g. using a smart match algorithm). Moreover, an automated test for the business flow is generated by the testing system utilizing the one or more existing automated activities in the test automation repository. The automated test for the business flow is capable of utilizing a plurality of automatically selected parameters for testing the business flow.


Dr Matthey describes the GP's important role in diagnosis, referral, monitoring, treatment and supportive care in the management of patients with haematological malignancies. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Interface Ltd


. The goal of this paper is to analyze the discrete Lambert problem (DWP) which is important for security and verification of the ElGamal digital signature scheme. We use p -adic methods ( p -adic interpolation and Hensel's Lemma) to count the number of solutions of the DWP modulo powers of a prime. At the same time, we discover special patterns in the solutions.


Background: Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an incurable B-cell malignancy comprising 5-10% of all non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Induction strategy is based on an intensive immunochemotherapy (Ara-C containing regimens) with autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) consolidation in younger or on R-CHOP / R-Bendamustine in the elderly patients. The response rate to the induction therapy is high but majority of the patients relapse and their outcome remains unsatisfactory. Indeed, there is a need to control and/or eradicate residual lymphoma population. Several maintenance strategies using bortezomib, ibrutinib, lenalidomide or rituximab have been evaluated. Maintenance with rituximab (RM) was found to improve survival in patients treated both inside the clinical trials after intensive induction (LeGouill; ASH 2016 #145) or R-CHOP (Kluin-Nelemans et al., NEJM 2012) and also in a population-based setting (Obr et al., Klener et al. ICML 2017, #209, #210). Predictors of the RM failure remains unclear. Aim: (1)To describe an outcome of MCL patients who were treated with RM, (2) to identify predictors of the RM therapy failure Methods: The study is part of observational NiHiL project (GovTrial No NCT03199066). Patients (pts) with therapy naive MCL who were treated with rituximab-containing induction regimen, achieved complete (CR) a or partial response (PR) and subsequently received rituximab maintenance therapy were included. Survival was calculated both from diagnosis and from the RM application start. RM failure was defined as a progression/relapse or death within 24 months from the first maintenance dose. We have identified 279 MCL pts with centrally reviewed diagnosis who met the inclusion criteria above and were diagnosed since DEC-2002 for JUN-2015. Median age at diagnosis was 66 (range 40-87) years; male-to-female ratio 2:1. Ann Arbor clinical stages (I-II) were observed in 5.7% and advanced (III-IV) in 84.3% of the patients. MIPI score was: low in 22.2%, intermediate in 34.1% and high in 43.7% patients, respectively. Induction immuno-chemotherapy consisted of R-CHOP or R-CHOP like regimen in 149 (53.4%), intensive chemotherapy with high cytarabine (Nordic protocol, Hyper-CVAD) in 89 (31.9%) and non-anthracycline regimen (fludarabine, bendamustine-based) in 41 (13.7%) of the patients, respectively. ASCT with BEAM conditioning was applied in 92 (33.0%) of the cases. Median time from the post-induction response assessment to RM delivery was 71 days (2.3 months). Median number of RM doses given was 8, median time span of the RM therapy was 20.5 months. Results: Treatment response was known in all patients: 203 (72.8%) pts achieved CR/CRu and 76 (27.2%) of the pts PR. After median follow up of 3.8 years 87 (31.2%) pts relapsed or progressed and 56 (20.1%) of the pts died. Five-year overall survival (5-y OS) was 75% (95% CI 0.69-0.81) and five-year progression-free survival (5-y PFS) reached 56% (95% CI 0.49-0.63). Fifty-eight (66.6%) of progressions/relapses and 23 (41.1%) deaths have occurred within first 24 months after RM therapy initiation. Two-year PFS calculated from the RM start (2-y RM-PFS) was 71.6% and a 2-y RM-OS achieved 88.0%. Patients who relapsed/progressed on RM experienced significantly inferior OS: 2-y RM-OS 70.3% vs 91.7%, (p Selected laboratory and clinical variables were analyzed, and following predictors were significantly associated with a RM failure: elevated beta-2-microglobuline (p=0.003), systemic symptoms (p=0.0024), ECOG>0 (p=0.0033), age (p=0.014) and MIPI (p Conclusions: Rituximab maintenance failure in MCL patients is extremely unfavorable event associated with high risk of death. On the other hand, pts without relapse or progression on RM therapy have very good prognosis with 91.7% probability to be alive at 2 years. In patients who are at risk of RM failure, an alternative maintenance strategy should be considered. Acknowledgement: Supported by IGA_LF_2017_007 and the Czech Ministry of Health AZV 16-31092A grants. Disclosures Janikova: Roche: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees; Gilead: Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau. Belada: Roche: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: Travel grants , Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Gilead: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: Travel grants , Speakers Bureau; Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: Travel grants , Speakers Bureau; AbbVie: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: Travel grants, Speakers Bureau. Pytlik: Roche: Consultancy, Honoraria; Gilead: Consultancy, Honoraria; Sanofi: Consultancy, Honoraria. Simkovic: Roche: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: Travel grants , Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Gilead: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: Travel grants , Speakers Bureau; Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: Travel grants, Speakers Bureau; AbbVie: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: Travel grants, Speakers Bureau. Trněný: Gilead: Consultancy, Honoraria; BMS: Consultancy, Honoraria; Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Roche: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Takeda: Consultancy, Honoraria; Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria; Abbvie: Consultancy, Honoraria.


This paper quantifies State aid to airlines in Spain for the first time. Results are based on a compilation of the subsidies granted by Spanish regional and local governments to various air transport companies during the period 1996-2010. The first part offers an overview of the mechanisms provided in European Union legislation to channel state aid, as well as the existing relationship between subsidies and the increasing competition among airports. We then present the different sources of the compiled data, discussing the difficulties in obtaining accurate information on payments. In the third section we analyse in detail the resulting amounts of subsidies and their distribution among airports and companies. Finally we explore the variable cost of transporting an air passenger, depending on the company or airport involved. We conclude with a reflection on the advisability or otherwise of financing new air services, indicating an urgent need to include social, environmental and energy questions in the debate if we want to avoid a decision making process based on overly simplistic arguments.


Transgender representation has proliferated in the era of algorithmically driven digital media, marking an increase in trans visibility alongside a sharp decrease in the material well-being of transgender people. By positioning its sole transgender character as an avatar of the algorithmic era, Netflix's Sense8 reveals the ways in which algorithmic culture contributes to the paradox of trans media visibility.


The article observes process of centralization of Internet-based information regulation in Russia. An analysis of the Federal law of Russian Federation no. 139-FZ of 2012-07-28 is given. The paper also represents the draft of a Federal Law on intellectual rights infringement as it was first disclosed to public.


This article discusses some relevant methodological aspects for implementing IT2-FLS on hardware. First it describes a hardware architecture for an IT2-FP. In addition, it details particular considerations for the design of the different components of the architecture. As a study case, a simple implementation of an IT2-FP in FPGA technology is presented


Written by two acknowledged specialists on the left in France, co-authors in the 1980s of a very well-received book on the French Socialist Party (Bell and Criddle 1984), this volume returns to familiar ground with a particular focus on the period from 1988 to the present day. Bell and Criddle argue that in contrast to most other political parties of what they call 'the social democratic Socialist tradition' in Western Europe, the French Socialist Party (PS) has failed to make an explicit ideological transition to fully embracing the values of social democracy. In addition, it has been unable to establish itself as a catch-all party of the French left, or to embed the practice of repeated electoral success in the Fifth Republic (since the foundation of the regime in 1958, the party has never won successive parliamentary elections). As a result, the French Socialist Party lacks the legitimacy and electoral effectiveness of many of its Western European counterparts, including the Labour Party in Britain and the SPD in Germany. These features of the PS explain the book's title and overarching thesis: in a crossnational comparative context the French variant of Western European social democracy has been, and in certain key respects remains, exceptional. In terms of the scope of its coverage, the book examines the institutional framework of the formally semi-presidential regime of the Fifth Republic that has done so much to shape the logic of party competition, while also emphasising the challenge to the PS from other forces on the left including the Communists and, more recently, the Front de gauche. Most of the book, however, sheds a spotlight inwards on the Socialist Party, with separate chapters on the following topics: party organisation, including the role of the first secretary at the summit of the organisational hierarchy; factionalism, underpinned in the 1970s by ideological cleavages but in recent years largely reflective of personal career ambitions, illustrated with short portraits of key leadership figures (labelled 'factional personalities') such as Laurent Fabius, Martine Aubry, Arnaud Montebourg and Franc ois Hollande; the left and the presidency, including the history of primary contests within the PS, which culminated in the open primary of 2011; and the ideology, values and key policies of the PS, asking what it means to be 'Socialist' in the globalised market economy of the early 2000s. The book is very good in the way in which it reveals the paradoxical nature of much of the Socialist Party's relationship Modern & Contemporary France, 2015 Vol. 23, No. 4, 5 –554


The fourth of January 1984 marked not only 36 years of independence of the Union of Burma from Britain, but also the anniversary of just as many years of civil war, strife, and insurgency. Since 1948, more than a dozen rebel armies ? claiming to represent one national minority or another ? have been fighting to obtain autonomy or, in certain cases, complete secession from the Union. The most crucial of all these national rebellions is probably the one being fought in Shan State, where secessionist rebels have been up in arms since 1958 and where the Communist Party of Burma (CPB) for the last fifteen years has had its main area of operation. Unfortunately, however, although the Shan question has attracted the attention of the media in the outside world, little interest has been shown regarding the origins and the roots of this conflict. Indeed, the subject has been treated superficially with the emphasis on sensation alists aspects such as the booming Shan opium trade, the drug runners, the war-lords and the "Opium Kings" of the Golden Triangle, of which Shan State forms a part. For it is in this motley mosaic of self-made military commanders, mercenaries, communist as well as nationalist insurgents, contraband traders and assorted outlaws that between 400 and 700 tons of opium are harvested every year. A big part of this is refined into heroin or morphine and smuggled out to various destinations in the world. The present anarchy in Shan State is a direct result of centuries of mutual distrust between the Shans and their Burmese neighbours, and the problems go far back in the history of the region. The word "Shan" is actually a corruption of "Siam" or "Syam" and is the name given to them by the Burmese; the letter "m" becomes "n" as a final consonant in the Burmese language. The Shans call themselves "Dtai" (sometimes spelled "Dai" or "Tai") and they are related to


MWIR (Mid-Wave Infrared) spectroscopy shows a large potential in the current IR devices market, due to its multiple applications, such as gas detection, chemical analysis, industrial monitoring, combustion and flame characterization. It opens this technique to the fields of application, such as industrial monitoring and control, agriculture and environmental monitoring. However, a major barrier, which is the lack of affordable specific key elements such a MWIR light sources and low cost uncooled detectors, have held it back from its widespread use. In this paper an uncooled MWIR detector combined with image enhancement technique is reported. This investigation shows good results in gas leakage detection test. It also verify the functions of self-developed MWIR lens and optics. A good agreement in theoretical design and experiment give us the lessons learned for the potential application in infrared satellite technology. A brief discussions will also be presented in this paper.


We investigated 120 hotels in 5 European countries to collect data for the 2010-2020 time period. The cost of labor and human capital is an important indicator of the competitiveness of the hospitality industry. We analyze human capital from work or performance. We use the Input-Output to measure performance.Based on the results of the regression and analysis, it can be seen that from 5 countries there are centers of tourism and high hospitality competitiveness, namely France and Spain. This difference in competitiveness affects the occupation of the hotel and the performance of the hotel business. The labor factor also follows based on the center of tourist attraction in 5 countries.


A piece of radiation-resistant fabric relates to the field of radiation-resistant fabric comprises weaving yarns 4, and is characterized in that weaving yarn 4 is formed through blending metal fiber 1, multi-ion fiber 2 and common fiber into single yarn/ two-thread yarn/multi-strand yarn. The radiation-resistant fabric can naturally form an extremely close stereo net in which multi-ion fiber and metal fiber are mutually cross, thereby organically combining the positive absorptive and passive reflective anti-electromagnetic radiation functions, radiation-resistant products made by the radiation-resistant fabric such as maternity dresses, short pants and the like can absorb electromagnetic radiation when the electromagnetic radiation can not be completely absorbed, and can absorb the electromagnetic radiation when the electromagnetic radiation can not be completely reflected, and the absorption and reflection supplement with each other, which is far larger than the effect of anti-electromagnetic radiation. In addition, the radiation-resistant fabric has a certain protection for X-rays and ultraviolet rays, and a great amount of metal positive ions contained in the multi-ion fiber can disinfect and deodorize.


Post-fault operation strategies enable an increased fault-tolerance in the case of inverter faults. However, in strategies that apply a zero-sequence stator current, additional space harmonics interact with the fundamental wave. This paper studies this interaction for a 17 Nm, 2900 rpm, 2-pole, 3-phase squirrel cage induction machine. Furthermore, it investigates the effects of this interaction on the torque in the context of the post-fault operation after an open-phase inverter fault of a rotor flux oriented drive.


About the results of analysis of the Criminal code of practice of Ukraine and suggestions on the improvement of norms thereof.


Purpose: Total elbow arthroplasty is most commonly performed through a posterior approach by splitting or reflecting the triceps off the olecranon, but triceps avulsion, triceps weakness, and wound healing problems have been reported. We present the clinical results of total elbow arthroplasty using extended Kocher approach. Materials and Methods: From September 2005 to October 2007, five patients who underwent total elbow arthroplasty using triceps preserving approach were evaluated. There were 4 women and 1 man. The mean age of the patients was 58 years (range, 36~68). The mean follow-up was 10 months. The patients were placed in the lateral decubitus position, and lateral Kocher interval is made through a straight posterior incision. Elbow joint is exposed by supinating the forearm and prosthesis was inserted. Postoperatively, the elbow was immobilized in extension for 1 week, and active range of motion exercise was begun. Range of motion, triceps strength, Mayo elbow performance score, Korean DASH questionnaire were evaluated at the last follow-up. Results: Average operation time was 115 minutes (range, 97~138). Postoperative complications such infection, skin necrosis were not developed. Triceps strength was measured as grade IV in all patients except one who has triceps insufficiency preoperatively. Mean elbow range of motion was from 8 degrees to 124 degrees. Mean Mayo elbow performance score was 87 (range 75~95), and DASH score was 18 (range 9~34). Conclusions: Extended Kocher approach can be a reasonable alternative for total elbow arthroplasty. Linking the assembly can be difficult, so modification of the implant design is needed to solve this problem. (J Korean Soc Hand Surg 2009;14:126-130)


The TRIZ and bionics are two main methods to guide invention and innovation, which have universal guiding significance to product concept innovation. However, the function of TRIZ is more specific and not conducive to expansion. In this paper, TRIZ function is extended by reclassifying and defining TRIZ function. Then the extended functions and biological functions are combined to build a knowledge base combining TRIZ and bionics. Engineers can use this knowledge base to accurately match imitation sources. It also helps designers improve design efficiency. Finally, the feasibility of the biological instance library is verified by the rib design of the flap-like flaps.


Unraveling the nexus between agents and structures is fundamental to an understanding of political and social change. The two most prominent methodological approaches to explain revolutionary collective action involve either individual reductionism or structural reductionism. Both approaches result in theoretical inconsistencies and/or explanatory anomalies. An alternative proposed here utilizes the concept of framing developed in behavioral decision theory primarily by Quatrone and Tversky. It directly addresses the agent-structure problem by developing the proposition that individuals evoke alternative decision rules in different structural contexts. The result is greater theoretical coherence and resolution of anomalous cases. Additionally, this model begins to define a new role for ideology in explanations of revolutionary collective action.


Abstract In this work, a novel chaotic encryption technique is proposed to realize a secure communication system. In the proposed method, the message signal to be transmitted is first encrypted using a chaotic keystream and then modulated with a chaotic signal. At the receiver end, the received chaotic signal is used for synchronization and to recover the encrypted signal. After applying the same keystream used in transmitter side, the message signal could be decrypted back. The main contribution of this work is generation of the keystream which is not part of the transmitter chaotic oscillator but is produced using an oscillator of a different structure.


When functional literacy is emphasized in reading a text, the relationship between the writer and reader can be understood in terms of power: readers,...


A brand new frying machine was designed.During frying,the frying oil can be kept recycling and refining to ensure a clean state employing that machine;which greatly reduced the generating of harmful substances and hence guaranted eater's health and satety.


Objective: This study sought the relevance and features of oral drug administration, and its implications in nursing care, pursuing to improve its safety and effectiveness. Methods: In a descriptive research from an internal medicine department, 194 episodes of patient in charge in the year 2014 were studied. Hereafter, most commonly orally given active principles and pharmaceutical forms were reviewed with the scientist evidence to assess whether they required special advices during its administration to ensure security and effectiveness. Results: Most of the active principles have special suggestions, therefore, if they are not applied mistakes and interactions may happen as a result. Conclusions: Orally given drugs need a series of features, in which nursing care, allows to the professional to ensure an interdisciplinary process, for instance the pharmacological treatment, that leads to personalized, safe and effective administration.


From the perspective of ethics,"The Communist Manifesto",which in a sense reveals the history of moral paradox,is a dual philosophical understanding of human existence.In the Manifesto,Marx employs both reason and moral justice to criticize the capitalist system.The inherent paradox of human existence itself is the original source of the "double standards".The final solutions to the problem between the existence and nature of human beings and the problem between individuals and class depend on the historical activities of "the elimination of the division of labor" and "the eradication of private ownership" and "the elimination of labor"as well as the establishment of "the commonwealth of free people"in which"the free development of each person "is the condition of the free development of all people.


Using some nonlinear domain decomposition method, we prove the existence of singular limits for solution of the problem −∆u − λ|∇u| = ρ(e + e) with Dirichlet boundary conditions, in a bounded smooth domain Ω ⊂ R, when the exponent q ∈ [1, 2). Mathematics Subject Classification 2010: 35J60, 53C21, 58J05.


Morikawa A, Kuroume T. Bronchial hyperresponsiveness in younger children with asthma. Ann Allergy 1988;60: 103-6. 9 Yan K, Salome C, Woolcock AJ. Rapid method for measurement of bronchial responsiveness. Thorax 1983; 38:760-5. 10 Chatham M, Bleecker ER, Norman P, Smith PL, Mason P. A screening test for airways reactivity-an abbreviated methacholine inhalation challenge. Chest 1982;82:15-8. 11 Cockcroft DW, Killian DN, Mellon JJA, Hargreave FE. Bronchial reactivity to inhaled histamine: a method and clinical survey. Clin Allergy 1977;7:235-43. 12 Polgar G, Promadhat V. Pulmonary function testing in children: techniques and standards. Philadelphia, London, Toronto: WB Saunders Co, 1971. 13 Altman DG, Bland JM. Measurement in medicine: the analysis of methods comparison studies. The Statistician 1983;32:307-17. 14 Fleiss JL. The design and analysis of clinical experiments. New York. John Wiley & Sons, 1986:1-14. 15 Bland MJ, Altman DG. Statistical methods for assessing agreement between two methods of clinical measurement. Lancet 1986;i:307-10. 16 Chinn S. Repeatability and method comparison. Thorax 1991;46:454-6. 17 Cockcroft DW, Berscheid BA, Murdock KY. Measurement of responsiveness to inhaled histamine using FEV,: comparison of PC,, and threshold. Thorax 1983;38:523-6. 18 Ryan G, Dolovich MB, Roberts RS, Frith PA, Juniper EF, Hargreave FE, et al. Standardization of inhalation provocation tests: two techniques of aerosol generation and inhalation compared. Am Rev Respir Dis 1981;123: 195-9. 19 Juniper EF, Frith PA, Dunnett C, Cockcroft DW, Hargreave FE. Reproducibility and comparison of responses to inhaled histamine and methacholine. Thorax 1978;33:705-10. 20 SEPCR Working Group 'Bronchial Hyperreactivity'. Eds Eiser NM, Kerrebijn KF, Quanjer PH. Guidelines for standardization ofbronchial challenges with (non-specific) bronchoconstricting agents. Bull Eur Physiopathol Respir 1983;19:495-5 14. 21 Duiverman EJ, Neijens HJ, Van Strik R, Van Der Snee-Van Smaalen M, Kerrebijn KF. Bronchial responsiveness in asthmatic children aged 3 to 8 years measured by forced pseudo-random noise oscillometry. Bull Eur Physiopathol Respir 1986;22:27-34. 22 Wilson NM, Phagoo SB, Silverman M. Atopy, bronchial responsiveness and symptoms in 3 year old wheezy children. Arch Dis Child 1992;67:491-5.


THis study lies within the province of jurisprudence. It also lies within the field of behavioristic psychology. It places the province within the field and, in doing so, fragments the province into disconnected pieces. The problems of jurisprudence become psychological problems to be attacked by the use of the propositions of a psychological theory of behavior and by quantitative and experimental methods. Although analytical, natural-law, historical, sociological, and "realistic" jurists, legislators, administrators, cultural anthropologists, sociologists,


An overdense plasma under the action of intense light can switch from full reflection to almost full transmission in a succession of nonlinearly self-induced resonances. This allowes for a deeper and more efficient plasma heating.


We investigate partially directed walk models of polymers adsorbed at a surface under the influence of an applied force. The force can be applied at various angles (from perpendicular to parallel to the surface) and the critical force–temperature curves are strongly angle-dependent. We observe some interesting differences between the two- and three-dimensional cases associated with the degeneracy of the ground state in three dimensions.


In this paper, the back projection (BP) algorithm is enhanced based on two parameters. In the first step, antenna beamwidth is employed. Narrow beamwidth makes better discrimination than omnidirectional one when there exist some buried targets. In the second step, the expected delays for a point of image can be used. The delays which come from perpendicular angles are more valuable in an imaging algorithm than those from lower angles. Besides, we have demonstrated that correlation method in the BP algorithm can improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) less than summation in the BP algorithm. But it improves discrimination. Finally, the detection of buried objects in images is automatized by an adaptive thresholding approach called 2-D constant false alarm rate (CFAR).


Teaching management is the center of the management of higher vocational education institutions,which has significance to keep teaching going orderly.The paper puts forward suggestions about completing the system and methods of teaching management from teaching information monitoring system,systematical innovation of teaching quality,conceptual innovation of management system,innovation of management methods to provide reference for scientific and high-level teaching management mode in higher vocational institutions.


In his work on The Tyranny of Values (1954) Carl Schmitt argues that the use of values to justify norms necessarily leads to fanaticism and violence, and therefore must be rejected. This paper aims to show Schmitt's philosophical assumptions that result from the view of man as dangerous and selfish, and of value as dependent from human will and not from some objective knowledge. As Scheler objected to Weber, the rejection of objective values cannot defend man from arbitrariness and irrationality. Schmitt himself tried to justify norms with the sovereign's decision, but later realized that this way is not sufficient.


Thank you for downloading models of scientific development and the case of nuclear magnetic resonance. As you may know, people have look hundreds times for their chosen readings like this models of scientific development and the case of nuclear magnetic resonance, but end up in harmful downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some harmful bugs inside their laptop.


Objects that have been buried underground cannot be recognized due to the opaqueness of the soil. To recognize objects that have been buried, ground penetrating radar (GPR) by the assistance of computer-aided system was used. This paper proposes the latter, which is called the Recognition System of Underground Object Shape using GPR datagram. The hyperbola from cylinder and cube metal object that had been buried in the ground is differentiated using two features of their respective A-scans. The two features are skewness and standard deviation. The percentage accuracy using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) Classification System approach was used to determine the shape of underground object. This technique was applied on 102 datagram in the form of A-scans signal using GPR. Results collected have shown very high percentage of accuracy. Therefore, it is suggested that this technique is capable to obtain shape of underground with the assistance of GPR.


It is with some emotion that I address this first letter to you, only a short time before the start of my mandate as Editor of the European Accounting Review. First of all I would like to most sincerely thank the Members of the EAA Publications Committee and the EAA Management Committee who have shown their great trust in me by assigning me this noble task. This task is also challenging because EAR has an excellent international reputation and is known to be an open-minded generalist accounting publication outlet. I am following in the footsteps of prestigious Editors (Ann Jorissen, Anne Loft, Peter Walton, Kari Lukka, Salvador Carmona and Laurence van Lent) who have all been working to the successful development of the journal, resulting in its current enviable position of being highly regarded and well respected in the academic community. The journal has been included in the Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI) for several years now and it is more and more frequently classified in the best category. From a practical point of view, the journal is very well managed with very "reasonable" 2 response times to the authors, as can be seen in the statistics provided by all successive Editors. The statistics presented each year during the annual congress of the Association also show a wide thematic and epistemological variety as well as a geographic diversity of the authors. In this letter I would therefore like to share with you some ideas that are close to my heart and that will guide my actions during the four years of my mandate in order to maintain and, if possible, to reinforce these established strengths, such as maintaining the high quality level of the journal, and hopefully even increase its reputation and renown worldwide.


A process for producing a polyoxymethylene copolymer WITH IMPROVED THERMAL STABILITY AND / OR A HIGH DEGREE OF copolymerizing trioxane polymerization comprises HOME AS AN ETHER CYCLIC MONOMER OR FORMAL CICLICO with a comonomer IN THE PRESENCE OF A 1X10-2% 1x10-3% BY MOL (based on total monomer amount) of a catalyst comprising boron trifluoride or a coordination compound ACCORDINGLY, where decomposition UNWANTED AND CONTROLLED MAINTAINING LATERAL REACTION BELOW 1X10-2% (BASED ON THE AMOUNT TOTAL monomers) the total content of impurities like that should allow product chains SHORT AND / OR GROUPS TERMINALS uNSTABLE in the copolymer, and cooling the product obtained at a temperature of 45 (degrees) CO UNDER 30 SECONDS AFTER cOMPLETION copolymerisation to deactivate the catalyst.


This article questions the empirical usefulness of leverage effects to describe the dynamics of equity returns. Relying on both in and out of sample tests we consistently find a weak contribution of leverage effects over the past 25 years of S&P 500 returns. The skewness in the conditional distribution of the returns's time series models in found to explain most of the returns' distribution's asymmetry. This conclusion holds both at the index level and for 70% of the individual stocks constituents of the equity index.


ABSTRACT In Rwanda, disruptions to family and social life as a result of the 1994 genocide, and the economic transformations in its aftermath, have complicated the fabric of elder care across the country. In this article, I focus on how elderly Rwandans are reconfiguring their care networks – many of which were destroyed during the genocide – by acting as caregivers and care receivers for each other on a daily basis. Although emotionally and physically taxing, elderly Rwandans emphasize that the "small things" embedded in the giving and receiving of care are intricately connected to how personal and collective dignity is cultivated. Video abstract Read the transcript Watch the video on Vimeo


This is a publisher's version of an article published in Limina: a Journal of Historical and Cultural Studies 2007 published by the University of Western Australia . This version is reproduced with permission from Limina. http://www.limina.arts.uwa.edu.au/


Objective: To identify factors parents considered in treatment decision making for children diagnosed with spinal muscular atrophy on newborn screening. Methods: Participants were recruited through the University of Rochester or through flyers and Cure SMA social media outreach and asked to complete a telephone or online survey. Data were analyzed through mixed methods using descriptive statistics and theme identification in narrative responses. Results: Eighteen parents with children diagnosed with spinal muscular atrophy on newborn screening participated. Thirteen of 18 chose onasemnogene abeparvovec, 2 of 18 chose risdiplam, 1 of 18 chose nusinersen, and 2 of 18 did not receive treatment. The most commonly reported factors impacting treatment choice included treatment frequency and administration method. Seventeen (94.4%) parents felt that inclusion of spinal muscular atrophy on newborn screening was positive because it could allow for better outcomes with earlier treatment. Conclusion: Treatment frequency and administration method were the most important factors for parents in determining spinal muscular atrophy treatment. Parents felt positively about newborn screening due to opportunity for earlier treatment.


Muskmelon crops have sustained serious losses in Spain since 1980, due to a disease characterized by a sudden collapse of the plant as the fruit approaches maturity. The cause has been attributed to Acremonium cucurbitacearum. To evaluate the genetic variation of A. cucurbitacearum in Spain and its relationship with other species of Acremonium, a study of vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs) and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD-PCR) was carried out on 29 isolates from diseased muskmelon plants. The species used in comparison with A. cucurbitacearum were A. charticola, A. strictum, A. kiliense, A. sclerotigenum and A. crotocinigenum. Spanish isolates of A. cucurbitacearum were grouped in eight different VCGs, with two isolates belonging to more than one VCG. In only two of the reference species was it possible to complete all of the complementation tests: A. charticola (VCG 100) and A. crotocinigenum (VCG 200). The isolates of A. sclerotigenum and A. kiliense appeared to be naturally resistant to chlorate and could not be tested for VCG. All strains of A. strictum assayed were heterokaryon self-incompatible. The RAPD data showed considerable genetic variation, with 14 isolates grouped in 11 haplotypes. They also supported the recognition of A. cucurbitacearum as a new species, as the genetic similarity between A. cucurbitacearum and the reference species was less than 0.05.


A system and method for providing real-time control of the array or CPV / PV module heliostats to reduce operating costs, disclosure reduces the fixed costs of the calibration and re-positioning of the individual surface. This simultaneously removes the premise of core engineering to promote the development of large trackers, allowing a system and method for tracking the cost-effective small surface. In addition to lower initial capital costs, a small heliostat or solar tracking device, more easily, preassembled, mass produced, and can be shipped. Smaller mechanism can be installed with a simple hand tool, it does not require the rent expensive crane or installation equipment in the installer.


Photoanodes composed of n-GaAs in contact with electrolytes exhibit distinctive hotoelcotrcohemical effect on illumination. They are expected to give high sunlight conversion fficiencies. However, n-GaAs tends to undergo photoanodic docomposition when working in olutions of ordinary electrolytes. Attempts have been made to search for a more suitable lectrolyte. By thermodynamic as well as kinetic considerations and by comparing the hotoanodic ehaviors of n-GaAs in different electrolytes, wo foun...


Bison (Bison bison) were widespread in the eastern and northern parts of the Great Basin (the area of internal drainage in the arid western USA) during the late Holocene, particularly after 1600 14Cyr BP. However, of the four areas within the Great Basin for which there is anecdotal evidence of the historic presence of these animals, only one-south-central Oregon-has provided compelling empirical data in support of that evidence. Bison populations flourished in the area immediately surrounding the basin of Pleistocene Lake Bonneville between c. 1600 and 600 14C yr BP, a fluorescence that seems to have been tied to deeper northwards incursions of monsoonal storms. Once those incursions weakened, bison populations declined substantially in size. The appearance of bison in south-central Oregon after 500 14Cyr BP may be a function of the increased winter moisture and cooler temperatures that marked this region during the 'Little Ice Age'.


This paper introduces a hardware software ontology from the microelectronics domain that suffers from the reasoning runtime bottleneck. We present it in detail, with a focus on the axioms related to reasoning. Further we explain the application in the GENIAL! project and make a runtime analysis of current reasoners on the ontology. We report a high runtime on a relatively small ontology, identify the reason and sketch (potential) solutions.


Abstract The relationship between tissue-air ratio and backscatter factor is discussed. An inconsistency is shown to exist in this relation for megavoltage radiation. It is proposed that field size, with reference to depth dose and backscatter, should be defined at the peak build-up depth. This conceptual change leads to modified symmetrical equations relating tissue-air ratio, depth dose and backscatter factor.


Intel Corporation may have patents or pending patent applications, trademarks, copyrights, or other intellectual property rights that relate to the presented subject matter. The furnishing of documents and other materials and information does not provide any license, express or implied, by estoppel or otherwise, to any such patents, trademarks, copyrights, or other intellectual property rights. Intel products are not intended for use in medical, life saving, life sustaining, critical control or safety systems, or in nuclear facility applications. Intel may make changes to specifications and product descriptions at any time, without notice. Designers must not rely on the absence or characteristics of any features or instructions marked " reserved " or " undefined. " Intel reserves these for future definition and shall have no responsibility whatsoever for conflicts or incompatibilities arising from future changes to them.


Single-crystalline lanthanum hexaboride nanoobelisks with rectangular cross-sections were synthesized via a metal-catalyzed chemical vapor deposition. The shapes of these nanostructures obtained were found to be influenced by the temperature growth zones and the precursor flux.


The objectives of this study are to utilize the MAUDE data base to enhance our understanding of the complication profile for Occipital Nerve Stimulation, a therapy for which the current level of evidence is limited. Additionally, it is our objective to describe a systematic approach to processing the MAUDE data, which addresses its flaws and enhances its utility.


A study has been made of the effect of increased time of mixing carbon black in rubber on the dynamic properties of the carbon black-rubber vulcanizates. Increased time of mixing reduces the dynamic modulus and dynamic viscosity as well as the phase angle at moderate amplitudes of oscillation. The changes in dynamic properties with mixing time are shown to be associated with the dispersion of the carbon black.


SUMMARY The hitherto unknown hydroid of the anthomedusa Bougainvillia pyramidata has been found in the Firth of Clyde, and medusae from it have been reared to maturity. The hydroid and the stages of development of the medusa are described and figured, and the species is compared with B. ramosa. The seasonal occurrence and distribution of the medusa are discussed. The hydroid Bougainvillia muscoides (M. Sars) has also been found in the Firth of Clyde. Medusae have been reared from it, and a description, with figures, of the stages of development is given. The specimens found in 1901 in this area and described by Browne as Thamnitis sp. are shown to be young medusae of B. muscoides. The geographical and bathymetric distribution of the species and the seasonal occurrence of the medusa are described and discussed.


For recent years, regarding role of inflammatory reaction in development of gestational diabetes mellitus has been focused on by some researchers. There may be some relationships between inflammatory cytokines and gestational diabetes mellitus. These cytokines may include C-reactive protein(CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), adiponetin, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1(PAI-1), leptin and interleukins (ILs). Prospective studies indicated that population with higher inflammatory cytokines than others had higher morbidity of gestational diabetes mellitus. This article reviewed progress in research on relationship between some inflammatory cytokines and gestational diabetes mellitus, so as to provide more effective references for clinical diagnosis and treatment of the disease.[


Renal artery aneurysm (RAA) is a rare disease. Most cases are silent, although some may produce symptoms such as hematuria (gross or microscopic), pain, hypovolemic shock, hypertension, and rupture of the RAA in pregnancy, RAA has traditionally been treated by open surgery. Currently, endovascular embolization ias an alternative way to treat the disease. Herein, we report on 3 cases of RAA effectively treated by endovascular embolization.


Transverse sinus (TS) hypoplasia has serious potential effects on cerebral hemodynamics. Right sinus hypoplasia is less common. In this article, we present a rare case of right transverse and sigmoid sinus hypoplasia with headache complaint. A 37-year-old male patient was admitted to the emergency department because of headache and anxiety complaints continuing for the last two days. Neurological examination including fundoscopy was normal. Cranial and diffusion magnetic resonance (MR) imagining, and MR venography were planned to exclude venous sinus thrombosis. According to MR venography, right TS, right sigmoid sinus and jugular bulb were reported as hypoplasic. Patients who apply to the emergency department with headache, anxiety, and nervousness should be considered for transverse and sigmoid sinus hypoplasia.


It's not often you hear or read this combination of words in the same sentence but surely this year's summit meeting of the Group of 8 (G8) leaders will be etched on people's memories for generations to come. Nobody could have predicted the cataclysmic events that unfolded on the northernmost island of Japan in the summer of 2008: the city of Sapporo attacked by the vengeful space monster Guilala; the leaders of the G8 countries united in their efforts to destroy the creature; former Prime Minister Koizumi Junichiro ended recent speculation and returned to take over the reigns of power in a time of crises; and the G8 leaders taken hostage by Kim Jong-Il. For an annual diplomatic event that is often portrayed as little more than a meaningless ceremony, this has to have been one of the most unforgettable summits in its thirty-three history. At least that's what happened if you only watched the highly amusing monster movie Girara no Gyakushū: Toyako Samitto Kiki Ippatsu (Guilala Strikes Back: Crisis at the Lake Toya Summit) premiered in Hokkaido the weekend before the G8 summit began.


The invention relates to ester derivatives of ginsenoside Compound-K, and provides an application of a pharmaceutical composition using the compound as an active component in preparing anti-atherosclerosis drugs at the same time.


Accurate speech recognition can provide a natural interface for human–computer interaction. Recognition rates of the modern speech recognition systems are highly dependent on background noise levels and a choice of acoustic feature extraction method can have a significant impact on system performance. This paper presents a robust speech recognition system based on a front-end motivated by human cochlear processing of audio signals. In the proposed front-end, cochlear behavior is first emulated by the filtering operations of the gammatone filterbank and subsequently by the Inner Hair cell (IHC) processing stage. Experimental results using a continuous density Hidden Markov Model (HMM) recognizer with the proposed Gammatone Hair Cell (GHC) coefficients are lower for clean speech conditions, but demonstrate significant improvement in performance in noisy conditions compared to standard Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC) baseline.


Applying complex network theory to mass customisation. A component relation network is constructed. Statistical parameters of the network are calculated and bi-logrithmic coordinate distribution curves of the parameters are drawn. A universality analysis method of component is proposed. In-degree evolving rule of the network is proposed. The analytical probability density function of in-degree distribution is derived. A modularisation comparing method of the product family is presented. A use number forecast method of component is presented. The methods are applied to a steam turbine product family, and the methods are verified.


This paper describes the implementation of an ATM switch capable of operation at the SONET STS-3 rate. These speeds are achieved using low-cost custom CMOS VLSI. The switch is based on the self-routing Batcher/banyan fabric with contention resolution. To minimize the size of the switch, the fabric is built using a three dimensional structure based on a rearrangement of the shuffle/exchange wiring pattern used in the Batcher/banyan. The components operate at high speed due to the density of the fabric, and the extensive use of pipelining and dynamic logic. The most complex of the fabric components have already been designed and tested at speeds much higher than the intended STS-3 rate.


Thesis (M.A.)--Georgetown University, 2009.; Includes bibliographical
 references. Many feminist theorists, including Maryann Valiulis and Heather Ingman, argue that
 the ideal Irish woman during much of the twentieth century was a woman who stayed home, stayed
 pure, and, most importantly, raised the children who were the future of Ireland. Yet many
 current Irish novels portray problematic relationships between mothers and children. These
 problematic relationships raise questions about the role of mothers in Ireland and what
 mothers might represent within the texts. This thesis examines Irish motherhood through the
 lenses of post-colonial and feminist theories. Post-colonial theorists have examined the ways
 in which a female body becomes inscribed with meanings far beyond the physical; a woman's body
 comes to represent both the landscape and the morality of a nation. Colonial discourse in
 Ireland coded Ireland and the Catholic Church as Mother Ireland and the Mother Church. Thus
 the failed motherhood in Irish literature indicates a cultural issue far beyond individual
 families. This is supported by feminist theories of motherhood, which state that failed
 motherhood is caused by a lack of community, as mothers without cultural awareness and support
 face difficulties in connecting with their children in any kind of empowering way. I take
 these theories and read them against eight contemporary Irish novels, four by men and four by
 women. Examining the texts by the gender of the author shows striking similarities within each
 group, showing that the issues surrounding motherhood in Ireland affect the genders
 differently.


The article presents a method developed for calibration of automatic catchweighing instruments, which operates in the dynamic mode. The specifics of the calibration of the automatic catchweighing instruments in the dynamic mode of operation are highlighted and basic information about the measurement method, error model and measurement uncertainty contributions are given. The use of harmonized and validated methods will enable a traceable calibration of the catchweighing instrument in the dynamic mode of operation.


1. Introduction and summary. In this paper a new set of inequalities and bounds for the incomplete gamma function are obtained. These inequalities and bounds are based on continued fraction expansions of the incomplete gamma function (Sections 2 and 3). Comparisons between the two sets of inequalities and some other known inequalities are made (Section 4). Bounds are also obtained for the Mills' ratio for the normal integral (Section 5) and an analogue of Mills' ratio (Section 6) for the gamma distribution. Some other applications of these bounds to distribution theory problems arising in multiple decision theory are described (Section 6). 2. System of inequalities for -y(a, x) based on the continued fraction expansion. Let 'y(a, x) = x ta le t dt. Various authors (see, Khovanskii (1956)) have derived the following continued fraction expansion


The formation of ultra-cold molecules is extremely important for the research of quantum information processing,molecular physics and molecular chemistry.This paper reports the researching progress on ultra-cold molecule analysis,the characteristics and physical mechanism of the formation of ultra-cold molecules via photoassociation and gives a detailed presentation of spectrum measurement methods in this formation process.


A redox potential controlled intermolecular [2 + 2] cross-cycloaddition has been developed in the presence of a thioxanthylium photoredox catalyst. Electron-rich styrenes such as β-bromostyrene (Ep/2 = +1.61 V vs SCE) were selectively oxidized by a thioxanthylium photoredox catalyst (E1/2 (C*/C•-) = +1.76 V vs SCE) to styryl radical cations and reacted with styrene (Ep/2 = +1.97 V vs SCE) to furnish polysubstituted cyclobutanes in high yields. The present reaction can be successfully applied to intermolecular [2 + 2] cross-cycloaddition of β-halogenostyrenes, which cannot be effectively achieved by the hitherto reported representative organophotoredox catalysts.


JUANAC is a computer model that can be used to perform production cost and transmission adequacy studies of bulk electric power systems consisting of either one o multiple areas (i.e., independently but coordinated dispatched systems), both under traditional and competitive regulatory frameworks. The version of JUANAC presented in this paper includes significant improvements over the initial model [6], in particular the capability of simulating any number of user specified scenarios representing a full year operation, modelling different types of third party access (TPA) contracts, simplified unit commitment and weekly hydro dispatch capabilities, and the optional use of preventive security criteria for system dispatch. These features allow JUANAC to be useful in different types of studies of network adequacy and economic evaluation of transmission services under various regulatory environments, particularly with competitive schemes that significantly increase the uncertainty normally encountered in the activities of designing and operating the transmission network. One representative case is the widespread attention given to third party access in many utilities throughout the world; JUANAC may be used as an aid to determine transit fees, to evaluate whether a proposed TPA transaction should be authorised or not, or to assess the impact of TPA transactions on the adequacy of the network; JUANAC can model TPA transactions that take place between agents located within a single area or in different areas. Another example is the precise evaluation of the impact of preventive security dispatch (as compared to ordinary economic dispatch with prescribed security margins on the level of network utilisation) on the remuneration of transmission services based on marginal prices. JUANAC can typically be used to analyse one year of the system operation:


The study examined the effects of graded levels of Palm Kernel Cake (PKC) on the laying performance and egg quality in Khaki Campbell ducks. Twenty-seven female Khaki Campbell ducks were randomly assigned to three dietary treatments viz T1 (0% PKC; control), T2 (15% PKC) and T3 (35% PKC) and the performance characteristics and egg quality traits were examined for 4 weeks. Ducks fed T2 and T3 had higher (P0.05) on the feed conversion ratio in ducks. Similarly, dietary PKC did not affect (P>0.05) the weekly egg production and the percentage of hen-day production. Ducks fed T2 and T3 had greater (P0.05) by dietary PKC. Results indicated that Khaki Campbell ducks could tolerate up to 35% PKC in their diets without detrimental effects on egg production and egg quality.


This paper presents an application of an ALTERA FPGA Device, in the FLEX1OK family, producing pulse width modulation (PWM) signals with the vector modulation technique for an IGBT inverter. Using a single FPGA chip for the practical implementation of the modulator, rather than a system consisting of microprocessor and external memory, has many advantages including less use of power and space, short design time, greater speed and reliability. The designed circuit can generate PWM signals at many different frequencies, and also, the input values used to adjust output signal may be obtained through either a 4/spl times/4 keypad or microprocessor port.


This paper briefly introduces the working principle,structure characteristics of gear-connecting rod type centering roller device for three-roller rotary pipe mill,based on the motional mechanism analysis,determines the main technical parameters by calculation.


[Objective] To observe the therapeutic effect of Shukou Powder (SP) for experimental periodontitis in rats. [Methods] Seventy-five SD rats were randomized into five groups: normal, model, iodine glycerin (20 g/L), high-dose SP (200 g/L) and low-dose SP (100 g/L). The experimental periodontitis rat models were established by ligating molars with steel wire combined with intramuscularly injection of prednisolone (1.25mg, 8 times). Except that the model and normal groups were treated by applying saline, the other groups were treated by applying the corresponding drugs 0.5 mL to the peridentium, tid for 10 days. After treatment, debris index, probe depth and bleeding rate during probing were investigated and the pathological changes of periodontal tissues were also observed. [ Results ] Bleeding rate during probing decreased in high- and low-dose SP groups, debris index decreased in high-dose SP group, the difference being significant (P0.05 or P 0.01 compared with the model group). The results of pathological examination showed that a large amount of inflammatory cells were found in periodontal tissues of the model group, inflammatory cells decreased after treatment with SP, and the proliferation of osteoblast and fibroblast was found in high-dose SP group, indicating that the periodontal tissues were in the restoration. [Conclusion] SP has a therapeutic effect for experimental periodontitis in rats.


Minutes and reports of the New Zealand Division of P & O, in which the assets of the NZSCo were absorbed.
Quantity: 2 folder(s).


This study is focused on the characteristics and changes of Cheongnyangni public housing which is one type of row housing area in 1950's and also accomplished by site survey and examination. Cheongnyangni public housing block contains the conditions of the times what is called the solution of housing shortage and rehabilitation of korean war which to be a pressing social problem in 1950's. It is formed in consequence of social and cultural factors of those days and constantly changed in urban structure. Also it is read the features of transition following to the period as an initial row housing in 1950's which is one stage of our housing history by means of interchanging the transforming process of housing block structure, street system, lot, plan and etc.


Photoelectric spectrophotometry of the He ii A4686 and C ill/N III N4640 emission in DQ Her has been obtained through several cycles of the 0d194 binary orbit. The N4686 emission exhibits an eclipse with phase, duration, and depth similar to the continuum light. The behavior of the 464() emission, however, is significantly different, with only weak evidence for a shallow, broad eclipse. The possible applicability of such observations to an understanding of Xray binary stars is pointed out. Key words: binary stars- novae- spectrophotometry


Multivariate continuous–time ARMA(p, q) (MCARMA(p, q)) processes are the continuous–time analog of the well-known vector ARMA(p, q) processes. They have attracted interest over the last years. This thesis contributes to the field of statistical inference of MCARMA processes in two ways. In the first part, we study information criteria, which provide a method to select a suitably MCARMA process as a model for given data. Their background is that methods to estimate the parameters of an MCARMA process require an identifiable parametrization, such as the Echelon form with a fixed Kronecker index, which is in the one–dimensional case the degree p of the autoregressive polynomial. Thus, the Kronecker index has to be known in advance before parameter estimation can be done. When this is not the case information criteria can be used to estimate the Kronecker index and the degrees (p, q), respectively. We investigate information criteria for MCARMA processes based on quasi maximum likelihood estimation. Therefore, we first derive the asymptotic properties of quasi maximum likelihood estimators for MCARMA processes in a misspecified parameter space. Then, we present necessary and sufficient conditions for information criteria to be strongly and weakly consistent, respectively. In particular, we study the well-known Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and the Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) as special cases. The second part of the thesis is concerned with robust estimation of the parameters of MCARMA processes. The estimators in the present literature do not work when the data contains outliers. Therefore, robust estimators of the CARMA parameters, which are able to deal with different types of outliers in the data, are necessary. We first extend the class of M–estimators to the MCARMA case. Although these estimators provide a class of strongly consistent and asymptotically normally distributed parameter estimators, they, too, are not robust in the MCARMA setup. We then restrain ourselves to the special case of univariate CARMA processes and use an indirect estimation procedure similar to the one proposed by de Luna and Genton [2001] for ARMA processes. This is motivated by the fact that generalized M-estimators are robust estimators for AR processes, but in general not for ARMA processes. For the indirect estimator we first approximate the discretely observed CARMA(p,q) process by an auxiliary AR(r) representation, r ≥ 2p− 1. The parameters of this AR(r) process are estimated by a generalized M–estimator. Due to identifiability, there exists a unique, injective map linking the parameters of the AR(r) process to the parameters of the underlying CARMA(p,q) process. Unfortunately, an analytic representation of this map does not exist. To overcome this we have to estimate this map by an additional simulation study. Coupling both estimators gives a robust estimator for the CARMA process. We present the asymptotic behavior as well as the robustness properties of this estimator and develop model selection criteria based on it, too. In both parts, the results are illustrated by a simulation study.


The role of mild oxidative stresses elicited by diethylmaleate (DEM)‐induced glutathione depletion in the progression of the yeast cell cycle has been investigated. We found that different wild‐type strains are sensitive to oxidative stresses induced by similar DEM doses: ≈ 1 mM on YPD plates, 5–10 mM in shaken flasks. At lower doses, DEM caused a transient decrease in growth rate, largely because of a decreased G1‐to‐S transition. Treatment with higher DEM doses leads to complete growth arrest, with most cells found in the unbudded G1 phase of the cell cycle. DEM treatment resulted in transcriptional induction of stress‐responsive element (STRE)‐controlled genes and was relieved by treatment with the antioxidant N‐acetyl cysteine. Reciprocal shift experiments with cdc25 and cdc28 mutants showed that the major cell cycle arrest point was located in the Start area, at or near the CDC25‐mediated step, before the step mediated by the CDC28 cyclin‐dependent kinase. The DEM‐induced G1 arrest requires a properly regulated RAS pathway and can be bypassed by overexpressing the G1‐specific cyclin CLN2. However, cells with either a deregulated RAS pathway or overexpressing CLN2 failed to grow and arrested as budded cells, indicating that a second DEM‐sensitive cell cycle step exists.


In the above-referenced article, Dr. Reem M. Sallam, MBBS, MSc, PhD, should have appeared as the fourth author, for significant contributions to project design and conducting critical aspects of the research. The corrected reference for the article is: Bernstein, IM, Damron, D, Schonberg, AL, Sallam, RM, Shapiro, R. The relationship of plasma volume, sympathetic tone, and proinflammatory cytokines in young healthy nonpregnant women. Reprod Sci. 2009;16;980–985. Dr. Sallam's affiliation at the time of the study was with the Department of Pathology, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA. Currently, her affiliations are with the Clinical Chemistry Unit of the Department of Pathology, and the Obesity Research Center, King Saud University College of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; and the Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ain Shams University Faculty of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt.


This paper reports on implantation-driven permeation experiments made for primary candidate alloy (PCA) and the ferritic steel HT-9 using deuterium ion beams from an accelerator. The results include measurements of the implantation flux and fluence dependence of the deuterium reemission and permeation for specimens heated to approximately 430/sup 0/C. Simultaneous measurements of the ions sputtered from the specimen front surface with a secondary ion mass spectrometer provided some characterization of the surface condition throughout an experiment. For both materials, the permeation rate was lowered by the implantation process. However, the steady state permeation rate for HT-9 was found to be at least a factor of 5 greater than that for PCA.


Vegetational recovery from an accidental oil spill on a wet tundra site at Prudhoe Bay, Alaska, was studied during six growing seasons. The spilled oil consisted of 22" API gravity, Prudhoe-Bay crude from which diesel and heating oil fractions had been removed by a topping process. Damages from the winter spill ranged from killing the moss layer and above-grounds parts of vascular plants to killing all the macroflora. Damage to the oil sensitive mosses persisted throughout the study even in lightly oiled areas. Test plots where commercial phosphorus fertilizers had been applied were an exception to this. Moss cover began re-establishing during the first growing season with phosphorus fertilization and continued to improve thereafter. Growth of sedges and grasses, not killed by the oil, was significantly enhanced by phosphorus fertilizations, even though oil persisted in the soil. Revegetation attempts in a barren area during the fourth growing season after the spill resulted in establishing Puccinellia borealis (alkaligrass) seedlings and mosses in phosphorus-fertilized plots. Neither nitrogen nor potassium fertilizers alone and combined with each other improved growth of either resident or seeded plant species on the spill area. The more significant response was to phosphorus.


This research study was conducted with the purpose of understanding the impact of COVID-19 on the logistics segment and the associated disruptions in the food supply chain. In the current times, the entire world is challenged by a disease called coronavirus or popularly known as Covid-19. In December 2019, Wuhan in China reported the first case ever. COVID-19 has heavily affected the supply chain networks, logistics in particular. Markets and firms are connected by Logistics companies through the provision of different services, including multimodal transportation, freight forwarding, warehouse management, and inventory management. A diverse pool of logistics players across the world have been impacted owing to the current state of the pandemic. This paper analyzes the disruptions in the movement and delivery of essential food items and how resilient a supply chain should be during such periods of crisis. An experiment was carried out to understand the factors affecting the food essentials delivery to the local kirana stores. For this, a survey of 200 respondents (kirana shop owners) was conducted with the help of a 14-item questionnaire. Factor analysis was the tool used to analyze the results and the software used was SPSS. The outcome of the analysis showed that 5 factors were extracted which tried to explain the 14 variables used in the survey which were afflicted due to the coronavirus pandemic. Article Received: 10 August 2020, Revised: 25 October 2020, Accepted: 18 November 2020


Objective To research the clinical effect evaluation of surgery for femoral neck fracture with cancellous screws,analyze the timing for surgery,and choose a suitable method.Methods All 42 patients with femoral neck fracture treated by cancellous screws,were randomly divided into emergency surgery group with 18 patients and elective surgery group with 24 patients.Compared the difference of two groups with age,fracture classification,postoperative complications,function of hip joint and fracture healing after 3,6,12 months for statistical analysis.Results Two groups had no significant difference for age,fracture classification and postoperative complications.Emergency surgery group was superior to elective surgery group in fracture healing at 3 months but also function of hip joint after 3 and 6 months after operation.At the other time,they had no significant difference.Conclusion Emergency surgery groups were superior to elective surgery group in early hip joint function improvement and fracture healing,emergency surgery greatly improved the early recovery,however,had no effect on the final healing of femoral neck fracture.


Abstract: This chapter discusses the state-of-the art of autoclave processing of polymer composites. First, the architecture and typical formulation of a process model applied to the autoclave process is presented. Then, the steps for autoclave process development using the proposed modelling approach are discussed. In particular, the thermal management during the process and the dimensional control of the final part are reviewed in more detail.


Since he decided to be engaged in revolution, Sun Yatsen had taken overseas Chinese as the main support to his revolution. He not only, with his whole efforts, developed revolutionary organizations as well as revolutionary newspapers and magazines among overseas Chinese, but also financially depended on them. In fact, it was under the overseas Chinese financial support that Sun Yatsen and his comrades carried out a series of revolution activities. However, overseas Chinese power was rather limited, negative effects had been imposed on the revolution because Sun Yatsen just neglected the revolutionary power at home. In particular, financial difficulty had directly caused the failure of the 10 upsurges before the revolution of 1911, and the splitting of the United League as well. The reason that Sun Yatsen just regarded overseas Chinese as the main support was essentially because he himself was an overseas Chinese, which made him know little about conditions inside China. He knew the overseas Chinese request for revolution, but failed to realize the great revolution power of the people at home.


Flashpoints: The Emerging Crisis in Europe George Friedman Doubleday, 2015George Friedman is the founder and CEO of Stratfor, "the world's leading private intelligence company." As a man of extensive travel and learning, his background enables him to write a book that the general reader will find both informative and stimulating. The more discriminating reader is likely, however, to find the book limited. It is regrettable to say it, but Flashpoints comes across as an extended essay that features some awfully good writing by a man who knows quite a lot and is highly accomplished, but who relies too exclusively on his own wisdom and knowledge. The book has unquestionable strengths, but these are mixed with contradictions, a scattering of emphases, overstated aphorisms, unquestioned premises, and crucial omissions. There are no endnotes, index or bibliography, and their absence makes it clear that Friedman thinks of the book as one for a general audience and not as a scholarly work. Where Friedman is best is in his ability to relate his intimate knowledge of geography to an account of a region or country's history.It is surprising, in light of the book's subtitle pointing to an "emerging crisis in Europe," that Friedman has only the most limited grasp of the implications of the long-continuing and accelerating demographic invasion of Europe from the Third World. The influx threatens so drastic a recasting of the European population that it has caused the many writers who do see the cultural and demographic implications to warn of an impending "death of the West." To Friedman, however, the problem lies not the obliteration of Europe as we have known it, but in the prospect that "the Right will exploit anti-immigrant feelings." The damage, to him, comes from those who want to retain Europe's identity.We will start by recapping Friedman's main themes, and will go from there into a discussion of several issues suggested by the text. The book's first two parts provide historical context that lays a foundation for the third part, which discusses Europe's current plight, which Friedman sees as consisting mainly of its reverting, at least potentially, to the contentious cauldron that Europe has been for much of its history. He says this about that plight:Europe's history of conflict is far from over. Europe's basic architecture remains the same, a small continent, fragmented into many parts and crowded with many nation-states. Some of these have put their history of resentment and bitterness behind them, but it has not been abolished. In some places it dominates, in some places it hides, but in many places Europe's anger against other Europeans is still there.But we have jumped ahead. Before he discusses this, which is the core of his book, he reviews the "Age of Expansion" (or "of Discovery") that led to Europe's world domination. He then examines how "Europe squandered it all with an unprecedented savagery lasting thirty-one years" between the start of World War I in 1914 and the end of the Second World War in 1945.From that, he moves on to his concern about Europe's future. Will it be constructive or will Europe "return to its historical ways"? The passage just quoted expresses trepidation about this, but a reader finds that Friedman is actually inconsistent and inconclusive about his fear. Although this is unavoidable, given the ambiguities of the future, the title Flashpoints: the Emerging Crisis in Europe suggests something stronger than a mere possibility. This gives the impression that Friedman has taken a legitimate concern and sensationalized it. By "emerging crisis," he creates a show of urgency even though he is not convinced of it himself. It was the subtitle that gave us the impression the book would sound an important alarm. The same sensationalizing occurs when Friedman speaks of "flashpoints," which he relates to "borderlands." These are "unique geopolitical hot spots where tensions have erupted throughout history. …


Raman spectroscopy is a vibrational spectroscopic t echnique that can be used to optically probe the mo lecular changes associated with diseased organs. The object ive of our study was to explore Raman spectroscopy for detecting different stage changes of serum taken from lung ca ncer patients. Serum samples were obtained from 26 lung cancer patients at different periods before operation. Ram an spectra differed significantly at different stages, showing molecular changes with the development of lung canc er. The ratio of Raman intensities excited by 488.0 nm and 514.5 nm laser decreased as lung cancer progress. The res ults of this exploratory study indicate that Raman spectroscopy provides significant potential for the noninvasive monitoring of lung cancer.


Statistical studies of telemetry errors were made on data from the Solar Mesosphere Explorer Satellite. An examination of frame sync words within the data stream, as received at the ground station, indicated a wide spread of bit error rates among stations. A study of the distribution of errors per station pass revealed a tendency for the station software to add an even number of spurious errors to the court. Ground station reporting of observed errors was found to fall into one of three major types of error distributions discovered. A detailed examination of instrument science data, using a fourth-order wild point algorithm rejecting dropouts and other system errors, yielded on average a random bit error rate of 3.1x10" 6 with 99% confidence limits of (2.63.8) X10 ~ 6. The system errors were typically found to be from 5 to 100 times more frequent than the identified random errors.


In the title compound, C30H33BrO6, the pyranose ring adopts a chair conformation. Two of the O-benzyl phenyl rings lie almost perpendicular to C/C/C/O plane formed by the ring atoms not attached to these O-benzyl phenyl rings, and form dihedral angles of 85.1 (2) and 64.6 (2)°, while the third O-benzyl phenyl ring is twisted so that it makes a dihedral angle 34.9 (2)° to this C/C/C/O plane. This twist is ascribed to the formation of an S(8) loop stabilized by a weak intramolecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bond.


AbstractBecause of limitations in simple gain scores, psychometrists have proposed alternate methods for measuring change, two of which are the residualized difference and the base-free change. The purpose of the present investigation was to provide large sample empirical estimates of the reliability of these change measures, and to check theoretical predictions derived from inequalities involving all three change measures. Although the theoretical predictions were supported, all of the gain score reliabilities were rather low. In order for gain scores to be reliable it is necessary for the intervention between the two testing occasions to be relatively potent and for the instrumentation to be specially designed to be sensitive enough to detect changes attributable to the intervention.


Composite ceramics of stabilizer oxide coated ytterbia-samaria costabilized zirconia (1.5Yb1.5Sm-TZP) and 24–32 vol% of tungsten carbide as an electrically conductive dispersion were manufactured by hot pressing at 1300–1400 °C for 2 h at 60 MPa pressure. The materials were characterized with respect to microstructure, phase composition, mechanical properties and electrical discharge machinability by die sinking. Materials with a nanocomposite microstructure and a strength of up to 1700 MPa were obtained. An attractive toughness of 6–6.5 MPa√m is achieved as 40–50% of the zirconia transformed upon fracture. The materials show fair material removal rates of 1 mm³/min in die sinking. Smooth surfaces indicate a material removal mechanism dominated by melting.


PurposeThe purpose of this paper was to establish the psychometric properties of the Asian Family Characteristics Scale (AFCS) in the Thai population.Design/methodology/approachThe 30-item AFCS originally developed in the Malay language was translated into Thai. Thai (n = 384) and Malay (n = 500) participants in Study 1 responded to the AFCS in their respective languages. The data were subjected to a confirmatory factor analysis with a measurement invariance test. In Study 2, Thai participants (n = 495) filled out the AFCS and Chulalongkorn Family Index, International Personality Item Pool-NEO, Self-Compassion Scale, Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) and Satisfaction with Life Scale.FindingsStudy 1 showed that the measurement model of the Thai AFCS fit the data from the Thai population. The measurement invariance test confirmed that the structure and meaning of the AFCS are equivalent across the Thai and Malay samples. Study 2 demonstrated the AFCS's convergent validity by showing that the AFCS score had a positive correlation with the Chulalongkorn Family Inventory, self-compassion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, satisfaction with life and a negative correlation with neuroticism, depression, anxiety and stress. The AFCS's discriminant validity was supported by nonsignificant correlations with extraversion and openness to experience.Originality/valueThis paper is an attempt to develop a family characteristic measure specifically for the Asian population. The results provide empirical evidence for measurement invariance and validity of the scale in another Asian language, enhancing its cross-cultural generalizability.


Flood, Morin, and Kolet examine the role of house prices in household consumption decisions. Considering a group of advanced economies, the authors find that the strength of the link between house prices and consumer spending depends on the institutional features of national mortgage markets. The link between house prices and consumer spending is found to be stronger in countries with more-developed mortgage markets characterized by lower down payment ratios, increased availability of home-equity borrowing products, longer average mortgage terms, and a higher degree of mortgage securitization. Their findings also suggest that the liberalization of mortgage markets since the early 1980s has resulted in a stronger link between house prices and consumer spending.


Abstract : The present paper describes the findings of the second phase federal aid to rural schools. A qualitative analysis that was based on fieldwork visits to rural districts in four states. This research was motivated by the claims of rural advocates that rural students do not get their fair share of the federal education dollar. Unfortunately, there has been little analysis that sheds light on claims of antirural bias in the allocation of federal education funds. Earlier studies use nonmetropolitan status (a category that includes cities of up to 50,000 people) as their indicator of ruralness, which might mask the fact that smaller rural districts receive a disproportionately small share of federal funds. The first phase of this study examined, for six states (Vermont, North Carolina, Georgia, Kansas, Maryland, and California), the distribution of fiscal year 1977 funds between rural and nonrural school districts for two state-administered federal programs: Libraries and Learning Resources (ESEA Title IV, Part B), and Educational Innovation and Support (ESEA Title IV, Part C). These two programs represent the two basic types of federal funding mechanisms--formula-based (Title IVB) and grants competitions (Title IVC). For the purpose of this study, we accepted that there is no perfect definition of rural. The criterion of equity in the quantitative analysis was whether rural districts were receiving the same number of dollars per student from the federal program as were nonrural districts.


The double-winged door and the column in the cathedral of Hildesheim were made under Bishop Bernward (ca. 960-1022). Atomic absorption spectrometry, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive x-ray were used to analyze the metal composition of several samples. The samples of the door wings differ in their compositions, indicating that they were cast of several crucible fillings of slightly differing lead-tin brasses. Therefore, the use of scrap metal is highly probable. In contrast, the column was cast of a bronze alloy with small amounts of zinc and iron, indicating a specific alloying of copper, tin, and lead to cast the column. The ratios of the lead isotopes show that in both cases the lead does not come from local ores in the Harz region.


This article introduced one kind of equipment technical process of rhizopus brick smash and dedusting for new wine plant,provided its main performance parameters,explained its main characteristic and the operation maintenance technology.


This article uses the largest available data set in the United Kingdom to identify the determinants of the decision to volunteer in sport and the amount of time contributed to it. Sport in England relies heavily on volunteers for delivery of participation, which is important for government policy, particularly the Big Society and especially in an environment of public expenditure cuts. Yet intelligence on the nature of sports volunteering is limited. Previous descriptions from national surveys of volunteers in sport have not addressed the independent effects of the demographic and socio-economic variables concerned, nor the distinction between numbers of volunteers and the time they give. This study remedies both shortcomings, analysing national survey data to identify significant influences on both the decision to volunteer and the time given. It identifies significant variations in the expected volunteering rate by gender, age, ethnicity, education, income and the number and age of dependent children. With respect to the time given to sports volunteering, there are significant variations by gender, age and employment status but conspicuously not by education and income. A policy dilemma is that targeting those most likely to volunteer and give time would reinforce existing inequalities in sports volunteering.


The literature [-5]contains several reports evaluating the abilities of deep neural networks in text transfer learning. To our knowledge, however, there have been few efforts to fully realize the potential of deep neural networks in cross-domain product review sentiment classification. In this paper, we propose a two-layer convolutional neural network (CNN) for cross-domain product review sentiment classification (LM-CNN-LB). Transfer learning research into product review sentiment classification based on deep neural networks has been limited by the lack of a large-scale corpus; we sought to remedy this problem using a large-scale auxiliary cross-domain dataset collected from Amazon product reviews. Our proposed framework exhibits the dramatic transferability of deep neural networks for cross-domain product review sentiment classification and achieves state-of-the-art performance. The framework also outperforms complex engineered features used with a non-deep neural network method. The experiments demonstrate that introducing large-scale data from similar domains is an effective way to resolve the lack of training data. The LM-CNN-LB trained on the multi-source related domain dataset outperformed the one trained on a single similar domain.