Study purpose: Improving the effectiveness of rehabilitation in patients with generalized periodontitis during preoperative preparations for dental implantation, by improving methods of antimicrobial therapy and correction of immunological and biochemical disturbance. Research methods: Clinical, microbiological (PCR), immunological and biochemical studies in 42 patients generalized parodontitis, selected to conduct dental implantation. In the main group (32 patients) the preoperative preparation was carried out on the developed technique using Photodynamic therapy, immunomodulator IL-2 recombinant (ronkoleukin) and antioxidant mexidol. In the control group (31 patients) passed on the preoperative preparation and traditional generally accepted the plan. Results. In the main group of mild inflammatory-infectious process in periodontal tissues and resistant (not less than one year) clinicoradiological remission, normalization of studied immunological and biochemical indices reached 93.8% of cases. In the comparison group, a positive result of treatment observed at 74.4% of the patients. Conclusions: developed and proven method combined preparations for dental implantation of patients with generalized periodontitis by clinical studies demonstrated advantage over existing traditional, due to optimization of sanation of periodontal tissues, as well as correction of immunological and biochemical irregularities identified in such patients.


This paper begins with the analysis of the concept of Olympic economy, analyses that it is not only the global economy, but also a kind of intangible economy. It also provides the real sighificance for researching Olympic economy, so as to give some instructive suggestions for the further research and development of Olympic economy.


The developed training system for simulation shooting is suitable for Chinese national shooting team.A miniature CMOS high speed camera receives infrared rays from four IR LED,the target is adopted to locate real position of shooting target on the board,and record aim and shooting process.This CMOS camera is small in size,and light in weight,and can scientifically simulate shooting training process.A friendly human-machine interface is designed,which solves the problem of visualization during the period of shooting practice.The experimental result indicates the system has excellent stability and reaches the requirement of design.


battery. We examined molten salts, organic solvents, and ionic liquids as an electrolytic melt for electrorefining of sodium metal in the previous studies. NaTFSI ionic liquid was found as a one of available candidates of the electrolytic melt. To decrease melting point of the ionic liquid, TBATFSI was added to NaTFSI. In this paper, impedance measurement was done for the electrical conductivity of the ionic liquid, and constant current electrolysis was carried out in the ionic liquid at 433 K for electrorefining of sodium metal. Experimental �NaTFSI (sodium-bis(trifluoremethanesulfonyl)imide. 99 % pure, Mitsubishi material) and TBATFSI (Tetrabutylammonium bis (trifluoremethanesulfonyl) imide, 99 % pure, Kishida chemical) was used. Before the electrolysis, NaTFSI-TBATFSI was dried by immersion of metallic sodium.


Mixed bilayers composed of chromophore-containing chiral amphiphile–crown ether chains can discriminate ionic signals with high selectivity through transduction to spectroscopic information.


Crop yield prediction is an art of forecasting the yield of crop before harvesting. Prediction of crop yield will be very useful for the government to make food policies, market price, import and export policies and proper warehousing well in time. The socio-economical impact of crop loss due to any natural disaster i.e. flood, drought can be minimized and humanitarian food assistance can be planned. The paper present a literature survey of various stastical method, empirical models,artificial neural network and machine learning regression techniques which are used with the data provided by the satellites. Many models are developed and results calculated are compared with the benchmark models are also presented.


Buckwheat and Avalokiteśvara I investigated the situation of the dedication ceremony of buckwheat noodle in two temples. The buckwheat noodle is dedicated to Avalokiteśvara in both temples. These temples have long history from the foundation, however these ceremonies are never old, if anything new. Buckwheat production increased three times in the past thirty years in Japan. Domestic buckwheat is recognized as good taste and good quality. People visit temple and eat the famous buckwheat noodle in temple town. The interests or merits in the both of restaurants' owners and the temple's priests agree each other. Increasing of production gives birth to new concerned industry or activity of old industry. We can see that the increase of the crop production has the new potential in the human culture.


We investigated chaotic property of foreign exchange rates (ForExRate) of several countries in which daily data where considered for twelve countries (Das and Das, 2007), mostly over the period January 1971 to December 2005. Everyone is aware of the acute recession into which the world economy entered since around July 2008. To investigate what effect this has on ForExRate of different countries, here we concentrated on data during the period of January 2008 to December 2009. Here we calculated the largest Lyapunov exponent (LLE) and compared the changes in its values before and during the recession period. We find that our earlier classification of countries based on LLEs holds true. Also we can conclude that the more nonlinear structure its foreign exchange rate shows the more its LLE changes. We also examined the relation of balance of trade (BoT) -being one of the fundamental news with financial market to ForExRate. For some countries, the ForExRate is falling sharply as BoT is increasing in the same period. The BOT curves for of all the countries considered here show that the US was facing less exports to other countries which may indicate the advent of a recession era.

 Key words: Foreign exchange rate, balance of trade, surrogate, nonlinearity, Lyapunov exponent, chaos.


Coarse- to medium-grained upper Cenozoic fluvial sediments deposited in the Santo Domingo Basin and adjoining La Bajada constriction record the influence of faulting, volcanism, and climate change on protracted deposition by the ancestral Rio Grande and adjacent piedmont drainages. Axial sand and gravel deposited by the ancestral Rio Grande were derived from uplands to the northeast and northwest of the La Bajada constriction. Interfingering piedmont sand, silt, and local gravel were derived from the Sangre de Cristo Mountains to the east and from the Jemez Mountains to the west. These sediments form part of the Santa Fe Group, a sequence of Miocene and younger sediments deposited in a series of structural basins along the Rio Grande rift in northern New Mexico. Eastern piedmont deposits of arkosic sand, silt, and clay are derived from Precambrian granitic basement rocks and intertongue with coarser axial-river gravel and sand derived from granite and distinctive quartzite. These two mappable sedimentary facies are considered informal units within the Sierra Ladrones Formation, whose type area is to the south in the Albuquerque Basin. Equivalent upper and middle Miocene piedmont deposits in the Espanola Basin to the northeast compose the Tesuque Formation. Uppermost eastern piedmont sediments in the Santo Domingo Basin, consisting of sand, silt, clay, and local gravel, may be temporally correlative in part with the Ancha Formation of the Santa Fe area to the east. Upper Miocene and Pliocene western piedmont deposits, which were derived from an active volcanic complex in the adjoining Jemez Mountains, are assigned to the Cochiti Formation. Deposition of the Cochiti volcaniclastic sediments postdates emplacement of the 7-6.2 Ma Peralta Tuff Member of the Bearhead Rhyolite. Western piedmont deposits contain more gravel and coarser sand than the eastern piedmont sediments, and they are dominated by compositionally diverse volcanic clasts derived from the upper Miocene Keres Group of the Jemez volcanic field. Piedmont and axial Rio Grande sedimentary deposits in the La Bajada constriction area are interlayered with and locally overlie Pliocene and early Pleistocene volcanic rocks. Multiple lava flows and domes that erupted between 2.7 and 1.1 Ma from the Cerros del Rio volcanic field were emplaced onto basin-fill sediments in the La Bajada constriction area. Two large ash-flow tuff sheets of the Bandelier Tuff that erupted at 1.61 and 1.22 Ma buried upland and valley areas in the constriction. Interlayered sediments and volcanic rocks in the northeast part of the Santo Domingo basin are preserved in a complex series of horsts and grabens west of the La Bajada fault zone and are exposed best along the La Bajada fault-zone escarpment and near the village of Cochiti Lake. Coarse-grained alluvium continued to be deposited in the La Bajada constriction area during the Pleistocene by the Rio Grande in the axial part of the basin and by tributary streams on adjacent piedmonts. Faulting, episodes of greatly increased sediment load, and damming by lava flows and sediment provided controls on sediment deposition. The composite thickness of the Santa Fe Group basin-fill stratigraphic section exceeds 300 m in the northeast part of the Santo Domingo basin, and it increases to 3-4 km south of the San Francisco fault in the central part of the basin. Distribution and continuity of late Miocene through late Pliocene alluvial deposits and their inferred subsurface extent imply mainly basin aggradation during their deposition. Pleistocene fluvial incision by the ancestral Rio Grande and its tributaries in White Rock Canyon removed earlier volcanic dams. Several episodes of aggradation and terrace development punctuated erosion during post-Bandelier time in the La Bajada constriction area, suggesting that discharge and sediment load were linked to climatic cycles or to other processes that intensified after early Pleistocene time. Alluvial terrace fills younger than late middle Pleistocene record lateral asymmetry of sediment preservation south of Cochiti Dam; the asymmetry was caused by basinal tilt owing to fault movements or westward growth of the eastern piedmont deposits (or both).


The early detection and accurate diagnosis of breast cancer is of utmost importance in providing effective and efficient treatment in order to increase survival rates. The multifractal theory was first introduced for signal analysis and has shown its utility in describing physiologic behaviors of bio-signals and even in detecting and predicting pathology. In this Thesis, three multifractal analysis methods have been extended to two-dimensional (2D) images and compared in the detection of microcalcifications in mammograms. One of these methods was adapted for classification of breast masses in 2D cross-sectional breast magnetic resonance (MR) images in suspicious malignant and probably benign groups. A novel multifractal analysis method using three-dimensional (3D) lacunarity is proposed for classification of breast masses in 3D volumetric MR images. The multifractal analysis revealed differences in the underlying complexity of the microcalcifications relatively to the normal tissue allowing a good accuracy of their detection in mammograms. Moreover, it provided meaningful features that allowed identifying the typically biopsy-recommended cases from 2D breast MR images. The 3D multifractal analysis method was also effective in the classification of malignant and benign lesions in 3D breast MR images. This method was more accurate in estimation of the likelihood of malignancy than the 2D method and the standard analysis of tumor enhancement kinetics. In conclusion, multifractal analysis provides useful information for computer-aided detection in mammography and for computer-aided diagnosis in 2D and 3D breast MR images and have the potential to complement the interpretation of the radiologists.


A hybrid ship power system with fuel cell and storage system batteries/supercapacitors can be developed by adding renewable energy sources. Adding PV to the hybrid system enhances the system's reliability and dependability. However, a high-level control strategy is needed to manage the generated power between the fuel cell and the photovoltaic array and determine the suitable time to charge or discharge the stored energy according to the load demand. The perfect solution is using an intelligent neural network technique to control the ship's hybrid power system because of the system's nonlinearity and the existence of pulsing and highdensity load demand. This paper introduces an intelligent artificial neural network (ANN) technique that depends on previous experience. ANN is flexible and easy to modify, adding/removing power system components, and be scaled to any ship power system rating. Simulation results using MATLAB software prove that the robust, intelligent power management system can control and identify which energy source will be exploited according to the daylight. Moreover, calculate the amount of generating power depending on the shipload demand. In addition to that, it ensures the system dependability considering the other source as standby while the storage system is the power source in the transient period in case of switching between the two systems and maintaining the storage system in the high state of charge possible. Furthermore, this will reduce fuel consumption during the ship's cursing mission.


Abstract In July 2018, the International Chemistry Olympiad returned to celebrate its golden jubilee in its birthplace, Slovakia and the Czech Republic, which this year also commemorated the 100th anniversary of the constitution of Czechoslovakia.


Summary: Purpose: The characteristics of seizures were analysed in a population‐based study of active epilepsy in 6‐to 13‐year‐old mentally retarded children.


This investigation was part of a study of kypho-scoliosis. Its objective was to determine the functional alterations in the chest cage and lung. These problems have, as we indicate in a brief review, already aroused considerable interest. However, our approach has


on labor force is mainly confined to the provincial level and to previously published census data. What is revealed by these county mosaics? The grossest impression is of the great divide that separates China proper from the non-Han frontier. Within China proper there are also enclaves and inner frontiers, such as the Qinling and Daba mountains and the Jiangnan Hills, where fertility was high historically and infant mortality rates still are. There are evident correspondences among geography, economy, and demographic phenomena. Sex ratios, for example, vary with physiography, population density, and urban concentration. In fact, with the exception of the minority areas of Yunnan and Guizhou, where females consistently outnumber males, sex ratios correspond rather closely to the regionalization scheme set forward by G. William Skinner in The City in Late Imperial China (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1977). Mountainous peripheries are highly "masculine," regional cores, such as the North China Plain and the Yangzi and Pearl river deltas are less so, and urban populations are highly "feminine." But other factors are also at work. On the map portraying the proportion of the population in the 0—4 age range, Sichuan stands out in sharp relief, testimony to the province's powerful birth-planning program. Illiteracy seems to have a cultural denominator, unusually high in Huaibei region of Jiangsu and Anhui but moderate in the Jiangnan peripheries.


The thalamocortical somatosensory system is the responsible for processing information coming from the sensory nerves so as to generate a somatosensory cognitive experience, which is the same, to produce a concrete sensation from the environment. This system consists of a highly coherent and differenced neuronal circuit, which allows perception to be carried on in our daily life. The alteration of the different components of the system by psychostimulants, such as cocaine or methylphenidate, induces distinct anomalies and/or pathologies in sensory perception, as it is possible to observe in the thalamocortical dysrhythmia syndrome suffered by chronic cocaine abusers. The visualization of such alterations in the protein and electrophysiological components of the systems due to the administration of these drugs is essential to understand their effect on the thalamocortical somatosensory system. Concretely, those agents implicated in the excitation and inhibition of the components of the circuit, being the case of the T-type calcium channels and the GAD enzyme (glutamic acid decarboxylase), two proteins that, for their role in the system, are key modulators for the correct excitability and rhythm of each part of the system and, thus, to generate cognitive experiences. On the one hand, T-type calcium channels, also called low voltage activated or LVA, are responsible for the generation of the IT current, needed to trigger action potentials in the thalamic ventrobasal nucleus. On the other hand, the GAD enzyme (in its two isoforms GAD 65 and GAD 67) is responsible for the synthesis of the inhibiting neurotransmitter GABA, being important in the thalamic reticular nucleus, which modulates the excitability of the ventrobasal nucleus and the transmission of information from this part of the thalamus to the somatosensory cortex. In addition, GABA is the main inhibiting neurotransmitter in the adult nervous system, being also important in the somatosensory cortex. The alterations of these markers can be measured following two different approaches: the molecular biology approach, evaluating their protein levels by means of the Western Blot technique; or the electrophysiological approach, by the whole-cell patch-clamp technique, which allows the comparison of the densities of low (LVA) and high (high voltage activated, HVA) activation threshold calcium currents, the so called LVA/HVA ratios, and also the visualization of the GABAergic miniature currents ("minis") caused by spontaneous GABA release.


The bundle of copper clad steel wires with a 0.26 mm diameter is inserted into a copper tube and deformed into a composite rod by cold drawing.Followed by a quenching treatment at 800℃ and subsequent cold drawing,the steel fibers reinforced copper based composite wires are produced.The continuous steel fibers are aligned parallel to the wire axis uniformly consisting of martensite and ferrite phases,and the interface between copper matrix and steel fiber is zigzag,and the volume faction of copper is 57%.When the strain is 2.8,the tensile strength and conductivity of the composite wire reach 1 256 MPa and 43.5% IACS,and its complex properties can be obtained with decreasing the copper content.


Pressure on the global food production chain over the next 40 years will be unprecedented – the demand base is predicted to increase from approximately seven billion today to eight billion by 2030, and to over nine billion by 2050; whilst the competition for land, water and energy will intensify, compounded by the effects of climate change on the availability and suitability of agricultural land. This paper highlights how the lean philosophy and associated techniques as developed in the automotive industry can be applied to arable production systems to minimise waste, and reduce energy and resource input into the system, in particular through the advancing technological developments in agricultural robotics. This will in turn influence the curricular needs for course development in the field of agricultural engineering. Students entering these courses in 2017 will not graduate until at least 2021, and will therefore be required to be industry ready in order that they can produce a timely contribution to the global food security challenge. This will require them to be experienced in problem definition and project management as well as lean production techniques; and to be able to adapt continuously to a changing environment and rapid technological advances – in particular in the areas of systems integration relating to sensor technology, power management and communication protocols. The success of a curriculum designed to produce graduates who have the capability to be deemed as industry ready will be reliant not just on ensuring that the technical content meets the needs of the customer, but also on increasing graduate value through the learning environment by the extension of Bloom's Taxonomy to incorporate that of student motivation and self-belief.


By expanding the incident, scattered, and transmitted electric and magnetic fields in terms of an appropriate set of vector spheroidal eigenfunctions, an exact solution is obtained to the problem of scattering of a uniform plane electromagnetic wave by two dielectric spheroids in arbitrary configuration. The boundary conditions at the surface of each spheroid are imposed by expressing both electric and magnetic fields scattered by one spheroid in terms of the spheroidal coordinates attached to the other, using the rotational-translational addition theorems for vector spheroidal wave functions. As in the case of two perfectly conducting spheroids, the column matrix of the total scattered field expansion coefficients is equal to the product of a square matrix, which is independent of the direction and polarization of the incident wave, and the column matrix of the known incident field expansion coefficients. The solution of the associated set of simultaneous linear equations gives the unknown scattered field expansion coefficients. Numerical results are presented for backscattering cross sections of a system of two prolate spheroids with nonparallel axes for different axial ratios and separations.<<ETX>>


In this paper we consider the strategic problem of pairing opponents from two teams at a chess meet. We propose using a bias-minimizing stable matching and establish two main results, that a strict dominance relationship between the two teams can be determined in polynomial time, and if such a relationship exists, then a biasminimizing stable matching can be found by the simplex method. We also propose a bound on the computational complexity of finding a bias-minimizing stable matching if no such relationship exists. Introduction In a chess meet two teams A and B, each of five players, are paired off in 5 parallel matches. The scoring of each match is determined as follows: a player receives 1 point if he wins his match, 2 1 points if he ties, and 0 points if he loses. Each team's score is them the sum of the scores of the individual players on that team, and the winning team is the team with the highest score. Typically the players are paired off as follows, the highest rated player from team A plays the highest rated player from team B, the 2 highest rated player from team A players the 2 highest rated player from team B, and so on. Such a matching is appropriate if the players are consistent, i.e. if player a1∈A is rated higher than player a2∈A, then there is no player b∈B such that player a2 is expected to perform strictly better against b than player a1. This paper will consider the case where players are erratic, i.e. where inversions of the expected performance relative to rating are permitted. A meet with erratic players introduces an element of strategy into the pairing of players from teams A and B, as now a team's win or loss (or tie) depends not only on the "overall" ability of its players, but also upon the choice of opponent. Define f(i,j) = 1×Prob(ai beats bj) + 2 1 ×Prob(ai ties bj) + 0×Prob(bj beats ai) for ai∈A, bj∈B. That is, f(i,j) is the expected number of points ai will score if he plays against bj. Notice that since a chess match is a constant sum game with sum equal to one, the expected number of points bj will score if he plays ai, g(i,j), is equal to 1-f(i,j). Here we presume that the attendant probabilities are known or can be estimated from past performance for every (ai,bj) ∈A×B. Then for any matching μ between A and B, define: f(μ ) = ∑ ∈μ ) , ( ) , (


The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of increasing NaCl concentration on concentration of nutrients and Na in the shoots of seedlings of Eucalyptus camaldulensis . The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in pots with a capacity of 11.5 L, through the nutrient solution in sand . The experimental design was completely randomized , and the treatments were five salinity levels (1.41 , 2.50, 4.50 , 6.45 and 8.22 dS.m - 1 ) with five repetitions . The seedlings of E. camaldulensis under low NaCl concentration , up to 2.5 dS m -1, prevents the absorption of Na. The seedlings of E. camaldulensis maintain use efficiency for Ca by salinity levels tested.


Patient compliance is critical for successful allergen immunotherapy (AIT). Previous studies suggest that AIT compliance is worse outside of controlled clinical trials, with reported subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) and sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) noncompliance at 11% to 50% and 3% to 25%, respectively.


Heterotopic pregnancy is defined as a uterine pregnancy in conjunction with an extrauterine pregnancy. Cervical heterotopic pregnancy represents a rare type of ectopic pregnancy, reported to be less than 0.1% of all pregnancies. We present the case of a rare event of a simultaneous intrauterine gestation combined with cervical heterotopic pregnancy in a natural conception cycle. A 32 year old primigravid women presented with vaginal bleeding and 8 weeks of amenore. The pelvic examination revealed a intrauterine pregnancy and heterotopic cervical pregnancy. Heterotopic cervical pregnancy terminated uneventfully by curettage and using cervical sutures to ligate lateral cervical vessels to prevent bleeding. Pregnancy was continued up to 36 weeks of gestation and healty baby was born.


As incoming Editor, I decided to postpone my first foreword in The China Quarterly until the third issue on my watch. The aim was to maintain a sense of continuity via a quiet – and, dare I say it, largely unnoticed – period of transition. Given the continued excellent health of the journal, both this foreword and acknowledgements of my predecessor's work could wait until a smooth handover had been achieved. We nearly made it! The tumultuous events of late July and August, during which access in China to over 300 articles and book reviews published in the Quarterly were blocked and then unblocked by Cambridge University Press (CUP), disrupted somewhat the drafting of my foreword. While the issues of censorship and academic freedom in relation to research and publishing in China remain far from resolved, CUP's demonstrable willingness to work with us to maintain access to The China Quarterly in a challenging regulatory environment has allowed a brief pause for reflection – and a foreword from the Editor. First, I must acknowledge the achievements of my predecessor Chris Bramall. Chris brought the rigour and authority of his own research to his role as Editor of the Quarterly and the results have been clear. Under his leadership, the journal consolidated its position at the top of the China area studies tree whether measured by number of citations or other forms of impact. His time as Editor was not short on debate during which strongly held views on the direction of the journal were aired. And quite right too, especially given the recent episode of censorship. The bottom line, however, did not change: The China Quarterly continued to publish top-quality and original scholarship derived from an expanding number of submissions that has generated new knowledge of China. It is a legacy I will work very hard to build on. The journal's ongoing success is a team effort. Our position is the result of the superb work of the editorial managers Raphael Jacquet and Rowan Pease and copy-editors Joanne Phillips and Rosemary Williams. The time and expertise given by members of the Executive Committee and Editorial Board continue to underpin The China Quarterly's reputation for excellence and I look forward to strengthening relations with both bodies. And of course, none of this would happen without the research, manuscripts and peer reviews from authors and academics working on China. Let me now turn to the core issues of academic freedom in general and censorship of articles in particular. As I have repeatedly stated in the media and in statements on The China Quarterly website, we will not condone curtailments of academic freedom whether imposed via external censorship or forms of selfcensorship. While The China Quarterly team strongly disagrees with attempts by governments to censor the outcome of academic research, we cannot violate sovereign laws or regulations. But my first responsibility is to The China 565


In this paper, we propose a global dichotomous search-based heuristic for solving the three-dimensional sphere packing problem. In the sphere packing problem, we are given a set of predefined unequal spheres and a large container with unlimited length. The goal of the problem is to determine the minimum length of the container that contains all spheres without overlapping. We propose to optimise the length of the large container by applying a truncated tree-search that combines a hill-climbing strategy, a hybrid operator that combines both priority and total-cost operators and, a dichotomous interval search in order to diversify the search space. Further, in order to enhance the quality of solutions of internal nodes, a local dichotomous search is applied almost of using a descent method. The proposed method is evaluated on benchmark instances taken from the literature and its provided results are compared to those reached by recent published methods in the literature. The proposed method is able to improve most solutions available in the literature.


Despite the ever improving living conditions and the quality of medical care, the percentage of disabled people in the society is now as high as it was in the past. Social adaptation and accessibility of the urban environment for people with disabilities remains the most important problem of contemporary architecture. The solution is to establish public rehabilitation centres that perform recreational, educational, sports, cultural, social, technological and production functions. This solution is most needed for blind and visually impaired people, because they experience particular problems in travelling in the urban environment. Establishment of the barrier-free environment can solve the problem of socialization of disabled people, because it contemplates all functional processes that they need. Integration of various functional units within public rehabilitation centres helps improve the living conditions of disabled people, and at the same time it contributes to the profitability of these centres as a whole and provides the necessary impetus boosting the development of techniques and technologies required for low mobility groups of people.


We present a matrix-eigenvalue algorithm for accurately computing the quasinormal frequencies and modes of charged static black holes. The method is then refined through the introduction of a continued-fraction step. We believe the approach will generalize to a variety of nonseparable wave equations, including the Kerr-Newman case of charged rotating black holes.


Bandgap refers to a frequency band where free waves do not propagate. One of the characteristics of a bandgap is its ability to block the propagation of bending waves in a specific frequency band with a periodic structure. Additionally, it has been reported in previous studies that the vibration-reduction performance of a bandgap is superior to that of other reduction methods. A bandgap can be generated in various frequency bands through a simple parameter change in the unit structure. However, the bandgap for a desired frequency band can be determined accurately only with intensive simulations. To overcome this limitation, we have mathematically derived the bandgap using a serpentine spring as a unit structure. The bandgap equation is derived from the general mass–spring system and the final bandgap is derived by substituting the system into the serpentine resonator. The error map for the major design parameter is confirmed by comparing the derived bandgap with the simulation result. In addition, the theoretical bandgap is compared to the experiment value and the vibration-reduction performance of the serpentine resonator is also confirmed. Based on the theoretical and experimental result, the proposed serpentine resonator verifies that the bandgap can be derived mathematically without numerical analysis. Therefore, serpentine resonator is expected to have various applications since it dramatically reduces the time and cost for forming the bandgap of the desired frequency band.


This paper introduced the research present status of release kinetics of slow / control-released fertilizers, and summarized the kinetics model and released mechanism of all kinds of slow / control-released fertilizers. Moreover, prospects were given for the research of release kinetics of slow/control-released fertilizers.


A new balanced power feeding method was applied to produce a large area VHF plasma using short discharge gaps and the electric characteristics of the discharge electrodes were measured as a function of pressure for different discharge gaps. It was found that the new balanced power feeding method is suitable for short gap discharges in the VHF range. Furthermore, the plasma parameters were examined as a function of pressure for different discharge gaps. The plasma density peaked at a certain pressure independent of the length of discharge gaps.


The present chapter aimed at making out the possibility of sustainable rural development by husbanding precious resources in the rural areas, particularly the rural areas of the Central Karakoram zone in Pakistan. For this purpose, a qualitative research design was manipulated in order to decipher the maximum chance of attaining rural sustainability in these areas through a thorough perusal of various relevant past studies. Hence, the information, gleaned from the archival sources and elucidated hermeneutically, signified a high level of effectiveness of the economical use of natural resources for retaining sufficient and passable degree of sustainability in the rural areas. Consequently, the hermeneutic assertions, made by the researcher of this study, accentuated the inculcation of numerous assorted customary husbandry methods, adopted and employed by the pure traditional rural communities, among the modern rural population of the Central Karakoram zone in Pakistan as well in order to enhance the possibility of arriving at the rural sustainability in these areas. Recognizing the value of certain reliable husbandry practices, the study deemed and estimated a maximum accomplishment of targets set out for attaining sustainable rural development all around the world, particularly in the Central Karakoram zone in Pakistan.


Simple Summary In the 2019/20 Thoroughbred racing season, the system for reporting the reasons for, and the clinical outcomes of, veterinary examinations changed from a paper-based reporting process to an online system ('Infohorse database'). The impact of this change in reporting process was examined using the official reports from three racing seasons (2019/20 to 2021/22). The introduction of the online system did not alter the incidence of reporting events or veterinary examinations. The online system did reduce the errors in reporting events (such as misspelt horse names). The online system also improved the description of the veterinary events and the reasons for the requested veterinary examination due to consistency in the descriptors used. The structured data entry framework of the online system permitted greater ability to identify or differentiate the primary clinical presentation and the incidental or associated findings. The online system provided a more structured dataset compared to the paper-based system, making it a useful tool for the monitoring of injuries and potential risk factors within Thoroughbred racing in New Zealand. Therefore, the racing industry can meet its duty of care for racehorse and jockey welfare by making evidence-based changes to the management and structure of racing. Abstract In the 2019/20 Thoroughbred racing season, the paper-based reporting process of stipendiary steward reports was upgraded to an online system ('Infohorse database') to allow for the rapid entry of precise event and injury data. The objectives of this study were to describe the incident and non-incident examinations during the 2019/20, 2020/21, and 2021/22 Thoroughbred flat racing seasons in New Zealand and describe the primary injury and reporting outcomes. The introduction of the online system was associated with fewer miscoding events with horse identification (0.1%). An improvement in the definition and prompts in reporting within the online system compared with the previous paper-based system resulted in a greater frequency of non-incident examinations being undertaken. The increased frequency of reporting the clinical outcome, 'no observable abnormalities detected' (NOAD), demonstrates the role of stipendiary stewards to carry out routine screening. The frequency of most clinical findings, such as musculoskeletal fractures (0.5 per 1000 starts, 95% CI = 0.3–0.6), remained similar compared to previously reported data using the paper-based system. The online system provided a more structured dataset compared with the paper-based system, making it a useful tool for the monitoring of incidents, injuries, and potential risk factors within Thoroughbred racing in New Zealand. Therefore, evidence-based changes to the management and structure of racing can be undertaken to ensure the industry meets its duty of care for racehorse and jockey welfare.


This paper presents a method for fast-approximate collision detection between 3D models S undergoing rigid body motion. To enclose a 3D model in as tight as possible, we propose an approach known as oriented convex polyhedra R(S). By surrounding the 3D models tightly, the veracity of detected collision can be improved. It is known that the large number of empty corners which belongs to any 3D bounding volumes B(S) can affect the truthfulness of collision detection. Therefore, we describe a way to compute R(S) using intersection of a set of halfspaces. The directions of these halfspaces are generated from calculating covariance matrix. To acquire the tightest R(S) as possible, we have improved the quality of abutting corners by implementing similar approach as Tribox Bounds method. In our case, improvements of abutting corners are important since the generated intersection points will be used for intersection testing. To detect collision between R(S), we utilize local space of R(S) and perform a straightforward approach by simply checking its interval pairs. Our proposed approach was implemented and we perform a number of comparisons in terms of time and recorded collision with other B(S). From the conducted tests, R(S) performs well and might be a possible choice for detecting collisions of the 3D models undergoing rigid body motion.


Kata kunci: Strategi kepala sekolah Mutu pembelajaran Sekolah Dasar This study aims to gather information about the principal's strategy and program for enhancing the quality of learning at SD IT Nurul Ishlah Banda Aceh. The researchers employed a descriptive method in conjunction with a qualitative analysis approach to address the study's difficulties and objectives. It relates to the consideration of data described in the context of the research site's reality. Interview guidelines and observation sheets were utilized as instruments. The Miles and Huberman model was used to analyze the data. The findings indicate that the principal's strategy for improving the quality of learning is based on planning, specifically on developing school programmes that adhere to eight educational standards and three quality standards established by the Integrated Islamic School Network (JSIT). It also needs to build the capacity of teachers and staff to improve the quality of learning, conduct coaching and self-development activities for students, and create an atmosphere of learning based on Ukhuwah Islamiah/family ties in Islam.


Effective student cognitive development can be seen when students are in junior high school. This study aims to answer the research question, namely how is the relationship between cognitive development variables and the disciplinary character of high school students in physics subjects. The method used in this research is a mixed quantitative and qualitative method with a total of 50 students. The results of the study are the correlation test which states that the relationship with the data results is less than 0.05, which means that there is a relationship between the two variables tested. The conclusion of this study is that there is a relationship between cognitive development and the disciplinary character of high school students in physics subjects. The novelty of this study is that no comparisons were made for different schools to find out the relationship between cognitive development variables and disciplinary character. The limitations of this study are only comparing two classes.


Chengde City is located in Hebei Province, about 200 kilometres northeast of Beijing. James Hevia went there in 1991 and 1993. Having observed the reconstruction process and the reopening of the Temple of the Potaraka Doctrine, Temple of Sumeru Happiness and Longevity and Puning Temple, he wrote an article entitled "Chengde Today". (1) In it, Hevia compared Chengde as seen through his eyes with that described by Sweden explorer Sven Hedin, and he also attempted to explain the volition of the state and the influence of the tourism market on the construction process of Waimiao or Waibamiao (the floorboard of the eight Tibetan Buddhist temples in the northeast of Chengde Imperial Summer Resort in Hebei Province). Hevia posits that Chengde before the end of the 1980s was still interpreted the way Emperor Kangxi did as an institution for ruling over various ethnic minorities at frontier areas. Chengde was later regarded as a place of ethnic harmonious coexistence. Anyway, this is a familiar scenario in which the Communist Party of China (CPC) will manifest its glorious legacy through gaining recognition from the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). However, Hevia recognised that tensions exist between the CPC which envisions building Chengde as a multi-ethnic state and the monastic communities whose main preoccupation centres on the preservation of religious traditions. The CPC will not validate the legitimacy of its relations with Tibet via the historical expression of the Qing Dynasty, particularly when such expression is connected to tourism. The Chengde Imperial Summer Resort, which is presumably a cultural and historical symbol, has now become a place simply for recreation where visitors come to relax. Hevia reflects: For if there has been one constant throughout the last three centuries, it is that Chengde's distinctive convergence of mountains, rocks, streams, and hot springs that first attracted the Kangxi emperor's attention three centuries ago continues to provide abundant resources for human beings to weave rich tapestries of aesthetic, political and cosmological imagery. (2) Is it true, as described by James Hevia, that the state's interpretation of history will cause unavoidable cleavage? Or is it for want of material gain and oversight of the historical past that the state stifles the self-acknowledging process in the historical narration? In an attempt to connect the anthropological foundation with the historical study of Chengde waimiao system, this article discusses the relationship and differences between the ways Tibetan Buddhism was organised during the Qing Dynasty and the temple administration of today. PUNING TEMPLE DURING THE EARLY YEARS OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC With the aid of three main chiefs of Dorbet and Amarsanaa, the Qing Dynasty conquered Davachi during the 20th year of Emperor Qianlong's reign (1755), leading to the collapse of Junggar Khanate. In October that year, Emperor Qianlong threw a lavish banquet in Chengde Imperial Summer Resort for the noblemen of four clans of the Velatic Mongolians and also decided to build the Puning Temple which resembles the Samye Temple in Tibet. Puning Temple was the very first Lamaist temple Emperor Qianlong had built outside Chengde Imperial Summer Resort. Different from the Chinese architecture of Puren Temple in Chengde built during the Kangxi period, Puning Temple is a combination of both Chinese and Tibetan architectural styles, whereby the structure within the temple gate is of Chinese style and the structure behind the Hall of Mahavira is of Tibetan style. The spectacular wooden statue of Avalokiteshvara in the Mahayana Pavilion measures 27.28 metres tall. Emperor Qianlong also requested Icang-skya-ho-thog-thu to send for dance teachers from Tibet so as to start Tiaodagui (the ritual of driving ghosts) in Puning Temple. Subsequently, Tiaodagui was performed on New Year's Day or other festivals, and the emperor would often watch it during his stay in Puning Temple. …


Starting from the perspective of employment, this paper takes the exhibition design specialty as an example to explore school-enterprise collaboration ways, and improves the effectiveness and intensity of practical teaching. Starting with adjusting semester teaching plan, this paper explores the cooperative mode that the schools are in active position, the cooperation mode in which the enterprises are in an active position, and win-win school-enterprise cooperation model. Finally, this paper develops an effective assessment mechanism. Also, it has put forward future development prospects. Keywords—employment; exhibition design; school-enterprise


Disclosed are a heating device and a heating chamber. The heating device comprises a base plate (21), at least three supporting posts (22), and a heating assembly, wherein the at least three supporting posts are arranged vertically on the base plate and distributed at intervals along the circumferential direction of the base plate, and the top ends of the at least three supporting posts form a bearing surface for supporting a heated member (23). The heating assembly comprises heating light tubes (24) and a thermal radiation shielding assembly, wherein the heating light tubes are arranged above the base plate and located below the bearing surface to radiate heat towards the bearing surface, and the projection of an effective heating area, formed by the uniformly distributed heating light tubes, on the base plate covers the projection of the bearing surface on the base plate; and the thermal radiation shielding assembly is used for shielding the heat radiated by the heating light tube towards the periphery and bottom thereof. The invention not only has a wide application range, but can also improve the heating efficiency and heating uniformity.


In sensorless operation of brushless DC motor drives, a typical method called "back EMF method", is sampled to detect the induced EMF zero-crossing of the unexcited winding. The filters are used to eliminate high frequency components of the terminal voltages and to extract back EMF of the motor. In this paper, FFT analyses of terminal voltage contents of the BLDC motor are presented. The principles of filters are introduced, and two kinds of filters, a passive band-pass filter and an active low-pass filter, are designed for BLDC motor drives. The study shows that the theoretical analysis is coincide with that of the experiments


From Giles Harrison and colleagues The article in the February A&G by Henrik Svensmark draws attention to the importance of understanding clouds in the climate system, and discusses the possibility of external cloud forcing by cosmic rays on a range of timescales extending to geological time. Uncertainty associated with clouds in the climate system has led to enormous growth in cloud physics research in recent years and the role of atmospheric electricity in solar variability and cloud processes is known to be an under-explored area ripe for further study (Gray et al. 2005, Harrison and Shine 1999, Carslaw et al. 2002). The behaviour and effects of atmospheric ions are not new topics in atmospheric physics, however. Studies extend as far back as the work of Rutherford and C T R Wilson (whose work on simulating ion-droplet processes ultimately led to a Nobel Prize for the cloud chamber). The cosmic-ray link between weather, clouds and solar variability was originally postulated in detail by Dickinson (1975), expanding on a suggestion made by Ney (1959). Empirical findings linking cosmicray decreases with clouds were made by Pudovkin in the 1990s (Pudovkin and Veretenenko 1997). Ion-assisted production of particles has also been extensively studied in chamber experiments, although experimental difficulties have restricted the range of parameters considered. One motivation for studying ion-assisted particle formation was its relevance to the nuclear industry, in estimating effects of atmospheric releases of radioactivity. At least one study (Vohra et al. 1969) demonstrated ultra-fine particle production from ions in the laboratory, at ion production rates typically found in the lower atmosphere. The results from the Copenhagen group represent a further incremental step, but it should be noted that their original conclusions in the Proceedings A paper (Svensmark et al. 2006) were, unlike the A&G piece, written in cautious terms. For example, on the basis of the A&G article alone, it could appear that the electron catalysis mechanism – an entirely new idea and barely experimentally investigated – should be regarded as active throughout the entire atmosphere for all time. We prefer to wait for further results, ideally obtained in the atmosphere and included in atmospheric models, before making such an extrapolation. Only by detailed independent corroboration and extension to the atmosphere can general conclusions be drawn from the preliminary experimental work in Copenhagen. There is a real possibility that fundamental new knowledge can be obtained through the international and interdisciplinary CLOUD experiment being developed at CERN, in which UK scientists have played a substantial role from the outset. Giles Harrison, Dept of Meteorology, University of Reading; Robert Bingham, Karen Aplin, Barry Kellett, Space Science and Technology Dept, Rutherford Apple ton Laboratory; Ken Carslaw, Institute for Atmospheric Science, University of Leeds; Joanna Haigh, Space and Atmospheric Physics, Imperial College.


Exposure of the CuII form of bovine copper–zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD) in dilute aqueous glasses at 77 K to 60Co γ-rays results in efficient reduction to the CuI form. In the presence of oxygen, superoxide ions are formed competitively. On annealing under these conditions, when the superoxide signal was lost there was little change in the residual concentration of CuII. However, when most of the CuII was reduced there was a clear gain in the CuII signal on loss of superoxide.These results establish that reaction between O–2 and CuI gives CuII with high efficiency. Since there was no such gain in the experiments with CuII and CuI mixtures, we conclude that CuII also reacts with O–2 to give CuI or a CuII–O–2 complex with no detectable e.s.r. absorption.These results are discussed in the light of proposed mechanisms for the overall disproportionation of superoxide ions by SOD.


There is limited research of InSAR applications in very dynamic wetlands in the Great Lakes or for other Canadian wetlands. In this study, we investigated the potential of using C-band SAR data for monitoring marsh wetlands flow dynamics in the Great Lakes. Results from InSAR observations in Long Point, Ontario, Canada indicate that consistent coherence from Radarsat-2 and Sentinel-1 data was observed in cattail and phragmites dominated areas, which enabled the generation of reliable measurements for monitoring water level changes.


Technological advances dramatically changed the approaches in information representation and retrieval. There are two broad approaches to the knowledge representation; one is informal, dynamic, free, user-dependent and the other is formal, more stable, solid, static and system-dependant: Folksonomies a breed of the Web 2.0 and ontologies the backbone of semantic web (web 3.0) are two examples of those approaches. In this paper, we try to present two sub-models of an integrated system in which each technology has the opportunity to reduce its current limits, by exploiting the power provided by the other one. In order to develop sub-models, we present a simple ontology of folksonomy to show how different elements act in such a dynamic space, and how implicit relations emerge from implicit complex networks within the folksonomies.


The invention belongs to the field of porous metal material preparation and relates to a method for preparing a porous titanium-aluminium alloy through powder metallurgy. The method is characterized by uniformly mixing pure titanium hydride powder with pure aluminium powder in different grain sizes, forming a blank through compression molding and carrying out high-temperature sintering in a tube furnace in the presence of an inert gas and a reducing atmosphere, wherein in the process, pure titanium decomposed from titanium hydride and the aluminium powder undergo Kerkendill effect reaction to form a porous titanium-aluminium intermetallic compound; meanwhile, hydrogen generated after decomposition forms the reducing atmosphere; titanium-aluminium reaction can be under the reduction protection of the hydrogen atmosphere at 400-640 DEG C, thus preventing powder oxidation, reducing the oxygen content of the porous titanium-aluminium alloy and improving the mechanical properties of the porous titanium-aluminium intermetallic compound. The method has the beneficial effects that the prepared porous titanium-aluminium intermetallic compound has small and uniform pores; the pore structure parameters of the porous titanium-aluminium intermetallic compound are regulated by changing the ratio of titanium hydride to the aluminium powder, the powder size and the pressing pressure; the process is simple, the cost is low and energy consumption is low.


Studies investigating the relationship between malnutrition and post‐discharge mortality following acute hip fracture yield conflicting results. This study aimed to determine whether malnutrition independently predicted 12‐month post‐fracture mortality after adjusting for clinically relevant covariates.


The title compound, C 17 H 16 N 2 O 5 S 2 , adopts a transoidcisoid disordered crystal structure of the terminal thienyl group at room temperature, with occupancies of 0.55 and 0.45. The structure was solved by direct methods and refined by least-squares calculations to a final R of 0.048. Molecular cohesion is stabilized by hydrogen bonding involving the two hydroxyl groups of the sugar moiety and the uridine ring.


The study determined the knowledge, attitude, and practices of abaca craft producers in Marihatag, Surigao del Sur. Specifically, the study sought to determine the socio-demographic profile and the knowledge, attitude, and practices in abaca craft production of the respondents. This study used a quantitative and qualitative research design, utilizing a set of questionnaires and an interview guide involving 134 abaca craft producers, who were selected through a random sampling method. The abaca craft producers were also interviewed through focus group discussion. The results indicated that respondents are 41 or older (41.8%), female (78.4%), have finished secondary level education (55.2%), have 5 to 6 dependents (38.06%), are married (70.9%), have been an abaca craft producer for less than a year (41.4%), and have attended 1 to 2 trainings (46.27%) on abaca craft production. It was found that the level of knowledge, attitude, and practices still needs improvement, with mean values of 3.46, 3.62, and 3.70, respectively. The intervention tools, therefore, should be developed to enhance knowledge, attitudes, and practices, particularly product development training and marketing support, due to the limited market area and the need to adapt to modern methods of marketing. It also identified the lack of funding for equipment and transportation vehicles, where the need to collaborate with local government units and other agencies is recommended. A proposal for a product development project for abaca craft producers is hereby recommended.


This research aims to explain how the administrative regions in Peru are classified according to the components that determine the Human Development Index (HDI); also determine how regions are classified according to the transitional phase they are going through. The scientific problem solving can be explained as the differential of Human Development in the administrative regions in Peru, for their transitional phases. Have been constructed indicators as conceptual aspects of Landry and Notestein to the Demographic Transition and Amartya Sen for Human Development, has used the database of the ENCO 2006 National Survey and databases of the National Census of Population 2005 and 2007 also reports of PNUD, UNFPA, INEI and MINSA. with the use of SPSS software and REDATAM. From indicators crude death rate and crude birth rate and national indicators as benchmarks have been built cutoffs to classify regions according to their evolution in the Demographic Transition, corresponding to phase I are the Regions Huancavelica, Apurimac, Ayacucho, Puno and Cusco; in phase II, the regions of Loreto, Amazonas, Huanuco, Cajamarca, Ucayali, Madre de Dios, Pasco, Piura, Junin and Ancash San Martin; in phase III, Tumbes. La Libertad, Lambayeque, Ica and Arequipa; and in the most advanced stage, the fourth stage, the Regions are: Lima, Callao, Moquegua and Tacna. The indicators of the components of the Human Development Index differ significantly between these groups of regions and concluded that progress in the Demographic Transition showing the administrative regions of Peru explains differentials Human Development.


Three subjects are examined in connection with the relaxation of an electron glass. 1. In most cases the experimental decay time τ is found to relate to a history of the system rather than to the time it takes to reach equilibrium. The reason is that in a non-ergodic system equilibrium cannot be reached in any experiment but the knowledge of an equilibrium property is essential in evaluating the time to reach it. 2. An alternative theory is proposed for the interpretation of aging experiments. The proposed theory is deemed to better represent the physics and is more in keeping with the relaxation theory. 3. A current relaxation theory for the electron glass fails to take into account a certain renewal process during the evolution of the relaxation, namely the possibility of fast transitions following a slow transition. Ramifications of such a neglect are explored.


The title compound, C20H15N3O, was synthesized and the structure was investigated by X-ray crystallography. The compound crystallizes in the triclinic crystal class in the space group P1 with cell parameters a = 7.724(6)A, b = 9.059(6)A, c = 12.186(1)A, α = 78.588(5)°, β = 73.630(4)°, γ = 70.924(5)° Z = 2. The dihydropyrimidine ring in the quinazoline moiety is in an skew-boat conformation. The structure exhibits intermolecular hydrogen bonds of the type N-H…O and O-H…N.


The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of water infiltration and flexural strength changes in dental porcelain with glazing treatment. The block specimens were prepared as experimental materials, using feldspar type commercial dental porcelain; then, these were fired at 940 o C for 1 minute. The fired specimens were polished with a dimension of 40×5.5×5 mm. The specimens were distributed to two experimental groups: with and without glazing treatment specimens (n=5), and they were immersed in a solution of pH 7 for 3, 7, and 20 days at 40 o C after fabrication. To evaluate the flexural strength changes with water infiltration treatment in specimens with and without glazing, the 3-point flexural test was performed, using a universal testing machine until failure occurred. Starting powder and fired specimens consisted of amorphous and leucite crystalline phase. The Vickers hardness of fired specimens was more than 1.6 times higher than that of the enamel of natural teeth. According to porosimeter results, the specimens without glazing treatment exhibited a porosity of about 14.7%, whereas the glazed specimens exhibited the lowest porosity at about 1.1%. The average flexural strength of glazed specimens was higher than the flexural strength of specimens without glazing treatment (p < 0.05). The flexural strength of all specimens with and without glazing treatment deteriorated with accelerated aging in the solution. In addition, significant differences between these two treatment groups were observed in all of the specimens treated at various water infiltration periods (p < 0.05). The exposure of internal pores and micro-cracks in the surface due to polishing of the fired specimens influenced mechanical behaviors. Especially, the flexural strength in specimens without glazing treatment has shown significant degradation with the infiltration of water. Therefore, this study suggests that glazing processes can improve mechanical properties of dental porcelain.


In this manuscript, we define generalized Kincses-Totik type contractions within the context of metric space and consider the existence of a fixed point for such operators. Kincses-Totik type contractions extends the renowned Banach contraction mapping principle in different aspects. First, the continuity condition for the considered mapping is not required. Second, the contraction inequality contains all possible geometrical distances. Third, the contraction inequality is formulated for some iteration of the considered operator, instead of the dealing with the given operator. Fourth and last, the iteration number may vary for each point in the domain of the operator for which we look for a fixed point. Consequently, the proved results generalize the acknowledged results in the field, including the well-known theorems of Seghal, Kincses-Totik, and Banach-Caccioppoli. We present two illustrative examples to support our results. As an application, we consider an Ulam-stability of one of our results.


The interest in the use of the virtual world to provide experiential learning activities in Higher Education has grown rapidly over the last few years. This paper discusses how the use of "Second Life" is to be integrated within a practically orientated module in the Event Management Undergraduate degree course at London Metropolitan University, to provide students with the kind of experience that would be difficult – for a variety of reasons - to replicate in the real world. The aim is to afford ALL students with the opportunity to apply acquired knowledge and to develop and practice relevant employability skills by planning, designing and delivering "events" in the virtual world.

By simulating a realistic environment, Virtual World (VW) applications such as Second Life (SL), defined as "persistent virtual environments. [..] enabling people represented by avatars (a personal representation in 3-D form), to create, play and interact in real time" (Penfold, 2008) can be used as a means of enhancing learning in operational aspects of Events Management.


A new fern species, Polystichum hagiangense belonging to P. subg. Haplopolystichum (Dryopteridaceae), is described and illustrated from Ha Giang Province in northern Vietnam. Polystichum hagiangense is most similar to P. minutissimum by having a small habit (lamina 3.6–5.8 × 1.0–1.6 cm), but the former has the widest part of the lamina close to the base and ovate and larger pinnae (5.3–8.2 × 3.2–5.8 mm). In contrast, the latter has the widest part of the lamina above the middle and nearly rectangular and smaller pinnae (2.9−5.8 × 2.8−4.5 mm). Also, the two species have different ecological requirements. Polystichum hagiangense was found on limestone cliffs in forest at an elevation of 1290 m with dry and light conditions, while P. minutissimum grows on dripping limestone walls and stalactites inside a karst cave at an elevation of 750 m with humid and shady conditions. Polystichum hagiangense is currently known only from a single population occurring at Bat Dai Son community in Ha Giang Province, northern Vietnam, and would be classified as Critically Endangered (CR), following IUCN Red List criteria.


The breeding and cultivation techniques of Elaeagnus were described in detail after summarizing its food value,ornamental value and medical value.


Introduction.-It is a well-known fact that in some interspecific or even in intergeneric crosses of flowering plants the ovary develops into an apparently normal fruit even though no seeds are produced. For years this phenomenon has intrigued the writer. Bearing in mind our present knowledge of growth hormones in plants, it seemed as if the explanation might be that a growth hormone (or hormones) was released into the ovary from the pollen tubes, which usually develop, to some extent, when parthenocarpy occurs. In view of the fact that within the last few years several wellknown chemical substances have been found to accelerate growth, cause the root formation in cuttings or otherwise affect growth, it has seemed desirable to determine whether these substances might also induce the ovary to develop into a fruit without pollination. Methods. In these experiments indole-3n-propionic acid, indole-butyric acid, indole-acetic acid and phenylacetic acid have been used. Of these indole-acetic acid as is well known has been extracted from plants and has been designated as heteroauxin. The first three were used in concentrations of one per cent mixed in hydrous lanolin, while the phenylacetic acid was used in 0.75 and 2.75 per cent also in lanolin. The plants used were tomato, snapdragon, Salpiglossus variabilis, Petunia hybrida, Nicotiana Tabacium Maryland mammoth variety, Agapanthus umbellatus, Vallota purpurea, Zephyranthes carinata (surprise lily), Begonia sp., Hubbard squash, crook-necked summer squash, cucumber, watermelon, egg plant and pepper. Some of these were grown in the greenhouse during the winter, but others were grown in the field. These plants were chosen either because the flowers were imperfect or the stamens could easily be removed. Usually the flowers of each kind of plant were subjected to three different treatments, and in some instances to four. The flowers were pollinated in the usual way, they were treated with the substance under investigation or they were neither pollinated nor treated with the chemical substance. The last treatment has been designated the control. In some of the early experiments the flowers were also treated with pure lanolin alone, but as there was no effect this treatment was discontinued in later experiments. Only flower buds that were nearly ready to open and the anthers of which had not yet dehisced were used. The stamens were removed and in the early experiments the lanolin preparation smeared on the stigma. In later 628 PROC. N. A. S.


Introduction :Vaginal candidiasis common problem among pregnant women. According to Jumbo G.T.A et al., during pregnancy women who did not know Candidiasis as a disease were 94.1% and 83.6% of the respondents felt there was no compelling need for treatment 1 while 86.3% did not consider the disease of any serious clinical significance .
Objective : This study was conducted to find the effectiveness of an awareness programme on prevention of vaginal candidiasis among pregnant women in selected seven Rural Maternity Child Welfare centres (RMCW's) of Udupi district.
Materials and Method : Evaluative survey approach was used to find the effectiveness of awareness program. The sampling technique used was non probability convenient sampling. Total of 142 pregnant women those who visited antenatal clinics of RMCW's were selected. One group pre-test – post-test design was used to assess the knowledge by administering a structured knowledge
questionnaire, followed by awareness program. On seventh day post-test was conducted using same questionnaire to evaluate the knowledge of the subject.
Result: Majority of the pregnant women (89.2%) had poor knowledge in pre-test whereas 95.8% of them acquired a good knowledge in post-test.
Conclusion: Health professionals caring for pregnant women should find out about symptoms of vaginal candidiasis and they can give them knowledge and make aware, which may help them in improving their health by adopting preventive measures and help them to avoid the complications.


The influence of the geometric factor of the reaction chamber on the limit value of the air suspension ignition is studied. It is found that in determining the lower concentration limit of the flame propagation (LCLFP), it is most promising to use an installation with a cylindrical reaction chamber whose height is equal to the diameter. The dependence of the determination of the LCLFP value on the geometric factor of the reaction chamber is proposed, tested on metal powders and organic dust-forming materials. The expression allowing to carry out the comparative analysis of scientific results received on other technical devices with the results received on the installations executed according to the requirements of normative and technical documentation is received that significantly reduces the volume of experimental works.


Tunable ultra-subwavelength (λ0/40) terahertz metamaterials based on multi-layer graphene-dielectric composites is studied. Numerical simulations have shown almost 95% resonance shift when changing Fermi level of graphene from 0.2eV to 0.8eV through electrical bias. Such devices could enable compact tunable THz filters and modulators for sensing and communications.


Extracting data about entities from the Web has become commonplace in the industry and academia alike. Web-based entities, however, are inherently noisy and, as such, introduce several normalization issues which must be attended to in order to maintain a clean database. Record linkage, which refers to the detection of replicated datum from possibly multiple sources, is one of the most critical of those issues. This paper presents a practical approach for solving the record linkage problem in the places data domain at an industrial scale, displaying both a model which reaches a normalized Gini coefficient of 0.92, and an architecture that supports large-scale processing.


The utility model relates to a labor-saving four-wheel suitcase, wherein two wheel bars are respectively arranged on two sides of a box body, wherein one ends of the wheel bars are rotatablely connected with lateral faces of the box body, idler wheels are arranged on the other ends, the wheel bars comprise connecting parts, middle parts and bottom parts which are connected in turn, the connectingparts are rotatablely connected with the lateral faces of the box body, the idler wheels are arranged on the bottom parts, the middle parts are provided with inner bars, and the inner bars can be firmly connected with threaded holes on the lateral faces of the box body through knobs. When the labor-saving four-wheel suitcase of the utility model is dragged, the wheel bars are rotated to enable thewheel bars and the box body to form certain angle to connect the inner bars on the wheel bars with the lateral faces of the box body, thereby fixing the included angle between the wheel bars and thebox body to enable the wheel bars to support the box body, which greatly reduces the force shared by hands and achieves the purpose of saving labor.


Video-on-demand (VoD) is a rapidly growing method for viewing and sharing video content over the Internet. However, video on demand consumes a significant amount of bandwidth, forcing content publishers and content delivery networks to examine approaches such as the use of peer-to-peer (P2P) technologies to assist in video distribution. We study the performance impact of a peer localization strategy aimed at limiting traffic exchanges between autonomous systems such as Internet service providers (ISPs) in a P2P VoD setup. Our findings suggest that peer localization may improve streaming performance while reducing network traffic crossing autonomous systems, potentially benefitting both users and providers, respectively.


A chaotic navigation algorithm is designed for an autonomous agent, that has the objective of exploring a given area, whilst moving unpredictably. The algorithm uses the Renyi map as a randomness source to generate the orientation of the robot and the direction it can move. There are eight possible directions, but the motion is limited to only three directions each time, which are determined by its orientation, so as to make the motion smoother and applicable to a real robot. To improve coverage, the area is segmented into sixteen equal subareas and the agent distributes its motion equally in each one, moving sequentially in each subarea. Two approaches were considered for the threshold of moving from one subarea to another. In the first, a move to an adjacent subarea is performed based on the number of executed steps. In the second, the move was performed after a certain coverage percentage is achieved. The simulations for the segmented area showed a slight rise in the coverage percentage, and a more consistent coverage across the whole area, when compared with the unsegmented technique.


Although an array of useful techniques are available to encourage effective studying, this is an aspect of the learning process in which teacher and students typically do not interact. The teacher's role is usually limited to providing instruction in study strategies, encouraging their use, and using the results of tests as feedback on the effectiveness of study.


The possibility of interaction among multiverses is studied assuming that in the first instants of the big-bang, many disjoint regions were created producing many independent universes (multiverses). Many of these mini-universes were unstable and they decayed, but other remained as topological remnant (like domain walls or baby universes) or possibly as mini-black-holes. In this paper, we study the quantum statistical mechanics of multiverses assuming that in the first instants of the big-bang, the relativistic symmetry was only an approximate symmetry and the interaction among multiverses was produced by non-local communication. The breaking of the relativistic symmetry induces on each multiverse a tiny harmonic interaction. The oscillation frequency for each multiverse is proportional to 1/B, where B is the noncommutativity parameter. We argue that B can identified as the primordial magnetic field, {\it i.e.} $\sim 10^{-16} {GeV}^2$. This tiny frequency could suggest that the relativistics invariance --from the cosmological point of view-- is almost exact and the multiverses could be not detected using the presently astronomical observations.


ABSTRACT In recent years, scholarly concern for 'great transformations' has yielded to a stress on 'gradual transitions'. In thiscontribution, I offer a discursive institutionalist model of the shifts in ideational power which drive order construction, consolidation and crisis. First, I argue that leaders exercise rhetorical power through ideas, employing communicative appeals to shape principled beliefs. Second, I argue that élites employ epistemic power over ideas to consolidate intellectual consensus. Finally, I posit that as structural power in ideas assumes a life of its own, this breeds overconfidence and crisis. Empirically, I then track the development of the neoliberal order over Reagan's and Thatcher's use of power through ideas in constructing principled restraints on the market power of labour, Clinton- and Blair-era efforts to concentrate power over ideas in central banks, and the structural power of New Keynesian ideas that obscured concentrations of financial power, culminating in the global financial crisis.


An insulative nonwoven battery cover and method of construction thereof is provided. The cover includes a plurality of nonwoven sections bonded together to form a desired structural configuration. The nonwoven sections are mats of heat-settable textile fibers and green materials including natural fibers, recycled materials and/or waste stream materials. The mats are formed having a bonded seam of the melted heat-settable textile fibers such that the cover is provided with a circumferentially continuous wall.


In the process of the assessment of undergraduate teaching level,the university files as the foundation not only reflect the outlook of the history of colleges and universities,but also are the important signs to measure the quality of higher education and management level. Therefore,the integrity and authenticity of university files have established its'authority in the assessment of undergraduate teaching level.


Spermatogenesis, the progressive maturation of immature germ cells to form spermatozoa, requires nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of nuclear factors to implement changes in gene transcription, as well as the storage and alternative splicing of mRNA transcripts in the nucleus that is vital for fertility. The key cellular mediators of nuclear entry are members of the importin (IMP) superfamily, of which the five different IMPα proteins in mouse testis are expressed dynamically throughout spermatogenesis, consistent with roles in transporting distinct, specific cargoes critical to gamete maturation. We identified the central Cajal body (CB) component Coilin as a specific testicular binding partner of IMPα2 in a yeast 2-hybrid screen and confirmed this interaction by coimmunoprecipitation from testis lysates. CBs are small nuclear inclusions that can associate with histone genes and facilitate histone pre-mRNA processing by recruiting RNA processing factors; intriguingly, expression of IMPα2 but not other IMPαs can regulate the number and size of CBs, as shown in cell culture experiments. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that Coilin is predominantly in spermatocytes and in round and elongating spermatids in the rodent testis. The physiological importance of its role is indicated by the fact that Coilin knockout mice have reduced fertility, smaller testes and aberrant spermatogenesis. Our future work will focus on the testicular functions of Coilin and IMPα2 during spermatogenesis, and their roles in coordinating the pre-assembly, storage and targeting of transcription complexes to RNA processing machinery in the nucleus.


This paper study the altimetry information developed by the Geographic National Institute (Spain) for the accomplishment of Digital Models Elevation (DEM). This information, to scale 1.25:000, it ́s posible to request in diverse formats. The research proposes a methodology to implement information ́s level in regular meshes (MDT25) to the Geographical Information System (GIS) as well as his adequacy for the application of statistical technologies, fundamental aspect to be able determine the quality and precisión to the model.


Various silicone-acrylic block copolymers were prepared by a free radical copolymerization technique, in which we used poly(dimethylsiloxane) containing azo groups as a macromolecular initiator in reactions with acrylic monomers, including functional monomers. The copolymer solutions were coated onto substrates by using various application methods and subsequently cured by using either crosslinking agents or UV light. Advancing (θ A ) and receding (θ R ) contact angles of the resulting films were measured in various inks. These films were found to be hard enough to form a nozzle face, and exhibited over 80° of θ A and 60° of θ R when in an ink, which are superior values to those observed for silicone or fluorinated coating films. The ink resistance of the films was evaluated by changes in θ A and θ R before and after soaking the films in various inks at 60°C for 4 weeks. The durability of the films was outstanding. The excellent properties were found to be attributable to the formation of a microdomain structure, and to be influenced by domain spacing rather than silicone content.


We drive the potential of photon interaction from Feynman diagrams amplitudes, and we show that the photo-balls, can be produced in noncommutative electrodynamics with time attended but for the static and localized fields, the static solutions (the lumps) can not be exited.


A computer science research outcome from theoretical work on public transport information systems has led to the discovery of a novel technique for the handling of spatial co-ordinate data over the Internet. The approach handles many standard geographic systems functions such as mapping, routing and spatial searches but replaces the GIS server application with small "one-hit" CGI programs or scripts acting on pre-processed cartographic data. The techniques used have much in common with the recording and playing back of music, in that a very large data set can be serialised. Just as you cannot hear the whole of a piece of music at once, you cannot be everywhere at once. The detailed object model of CgiMapScript is the subject of a paper in preparation. This is essentially a philosophical paper in which the core logic is fully explicated in argument.


The SOAPFI (shape-of-anomaly potential field inversion) program has been previously applied to the inversion of gravity and magnetic data. These earlier applications add rectangular parallelepipeds to a growing model's periphery according to a criterion that minimizes the difference between the shapes of the modeled and observed fields using an L1or L2-norm. That method is generalized here to the inversion of magnetic fields using one or more magnetic dipoles. In the presence of measurement or geologic noise, both the growing-model and magnetic dipole inversions are improved by the application of spatial filters to the observed and modeled fields. An improved "profile-adaptive" filtering of modeled fields matches the filter applied to the observed field in curvilinear profiles that may intersect and overlap. Approximately 90 km of magnetic-field profiles was recorded in the 1-km Chongcho Lake in Sokcho, Kangwon-do, Korea. Magnetic dipoles, including perhaps unexploded ordinance, were located in this lake. Automatic determination of dipole strengths and locations used total magnetic field anomalies. For each data window, one or more dipoles were modeled. To attenuate local anomalies due to broader and deeper sources than the targeted dipoles, spatial high-pass filtering was applied to observed data in profiles.


Trifluoroacetaldehyde and trifluoroacetic acid were synthesized by trifluoroethanol catalytic oxidation.The experiment ascertained that catalytic oxidation was carried out by using O2 as oxidant over supported V2O5 catalysts on a fixed bed reactor.The trifluoroacetaldehyde and trifluoroacetic acid in the products were analyzed on a gas chromatography.The catalysts were characterized by XRD and BET techniques.


The immunity of officials implementing Perppu 1/2020 is in the public spotlight because it is not following "the principles of the rule of law and" injures the sense of justice in society because there are exceptions to legal "action. The principle of equality before the law" becomes a fundamental basis in viewing the position and position of every citizen. Therefore, it is necessary to measure the extent of impunity in the enforcement process for alleged violations of the law and its implications for the principle of Equality Before The Law. Based on the focus of the study, "the method used in this research is normative legal research and the statutory approach" is the basis for this writing. The paper concludes that Perppu 1/2020 does not necessarily provide absolute immunity to the implementing officials of the Perppu, but is limited (conditional) and the legal process is still carried out so as not to "violate the principles of the rule of law.
Keywords : Immunity, Official, Perppu


Combined with campus planning of Three Gorges University,the ecological design principle and specific method for campus planning were discussed from the ecological view of nature.The experiences were summarized,as well as specific methods,so as to promote comprehensive development of material and spirit ecology in campus.Especially,it was emphasized that spirit ecology is very important for ecology campus,which can provide reference for practice of ecological campus planning,and fit the global consensus that people should live in harmony with nature.


Data collection is one of the main processes in Wireless Sensor Networks. Due to the limited capabilities of sensors and to the increased rate of attacks on these systems, researchers started to propose architectures and deploy solutions that use encryption for increasing the security level. Moreover, neural networks can play a critical role in detecting abnormal activity in the network with the end goal of minimizing the effect of attacks and fixing the issues that are causing the unwanted behavior. This paper proposes an architecture for a complete and complex secured analytical tool for studying the behavior of wireless sensors with the aid of a neural network. Security is employed through the use of a homomorphic encryption scheme that is deployed at a central point where data is aggregated from all sensors in the network through a data collection mechanism that may differ depending on the target environment. More details on the proposition will be revealed in Section III.


In recent years, due to its medicinal properties and reputation as a healthy vegetable, consumption of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) has considerably increased in China. In this study, texture parameters (hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess, chewiness, and resilience) of okra fruit subjected to chitosan (CTS) treatment and control were determined during storage. The changing pattern of texture properties and the differences between three different cultivars (Kariba, ACF, and Xianzhi) were observed at three testing stages (0, 15, and 30 days of storage), which indicated a significant cultivar-dependent pattern. The hardness, cohesiveness, gumminess, chewiness, and resilience of the fruit, both in the 1% CTS treatment group and the control group, declined along with storage time. The small fruits (length < 10 cm) scored relatively low in most of the texture parameters and rate of intact when compared with large (length ≥ 15 cm) and medium-sized fruits (10 ≤ length < 15 cm). There was a significant, positive correlation between firmness, cohesiveness, gumminess, chewiness, and resilience. Our results revealed that a 1% N, O-carboxymethyl CTS solution can effectively delay softening and maintain the texture profile of the okra fruit. In the case of Kariba (A) and Xianzhi (C), the medium-sized fruits showed better storage resistance, while the large fruit of ACF (B) showed the best storage resistance.


Electrocardiogram (ECG) signal is used to analyze the cardiovascular activity in the human body and has a primary role in the diagnosis of several heart diseases. The QRS complex is the most distinguishable component in the ECG. Therefore, the accuracy of the detection of QRS complex is crucial to the performance of subsequent machine learning algorithms for cardiac disease classification. The aim of the present work is to detect QRS wave from ECG signals. Wavelet transform filtering is applied to the signal in order to remove baseline drift, followed by QRS localization. By using the property of R peak, having highest and prominent amplitude, we have applied thresholding technique based on the median absolute deviation(MAD) of modulus maximas to detect the complex. In order to evaluate the algorithm, the analysis has been done on MIT-BIH Arrhythmia database. The results have been examined and approved by medical doctors.


We report adiabatic passage experiments with a single trapped ion. By applying a frequency-chirped laser pulse with a Gaussian amplitude envelope, we reach a transfer efficiency of 0.99(1) on an optical transition from the electronic ground state S1/2 to the metastable state D5/2. This transfer method is shown to be insensitive to the accurate setting of laser parameters, and therefore is suitable as a robust tool for ion-based quantum computing.


A tertiary pilot application of the alkaline/surfactant/polymer (ASP) process was initiated in Sept. 1994 in the west central area of Daqing oil field. The pilot pattern consists of four inverted five-spots, including four injectors, nine producers, and 2 observation wells, encompassing an area of 90,000 m{sup 2} and with a pore volume (PV) of 203,300 m{sup 3}. The target layer is the Saertu II{sub 1-3} (SII{sub 1-3}) sandstone, with an average porosity of 26% and permeability of 1.426 {micro}m{sup 2}. The crude-oil viscosity is 11.5 mPa{center_dot}s at reservoir temperature and the connate-water salinity is 6,800 mg/L. The pilot performance shows a pronounced response from ASP injection. The average pilot area oil production rate increased from 36.7 to 91.5 m{sup 3}/d, while water cut decreased from 82.7% to 59.7%. For the central well Po5, which is surrounded by injection wells, the oil production rate increased from 3.7 to 27.1 m{sup 3}/d, while water cut decreased from 84.0% to 45.8%. Numerical simulation results forecast that the oil recovery will be increased by 18.1% original oil in place (OOIP). Total pilot oil production as of March 1996 is 67,500 m{sup 3} of which 25,300 m{sup 3}, or 18.3% OOIP, is additional produced oilmore » with the current oil cut of 29.7%.« less


Abstract
 Introduction and Objective: disability can have an impact on physical and motor disabled male adolescent's quality of life and can lead to isolation and depression. So propose of this research has studied the effectiveness of mental rehabilitation based on positive thinking skills training in group form on increasing happiness of physical and motor the disabled at Tehran Emam Ali Education complex in 2013.
Method and material: the study is an experimental research and used pre-test, post- test plan with a control group. Whole physical and motor the disabled boy of this education complex made researching statistical community.16 boy selected by synthetic sampling include: Stratified sampling, purposive sampling, randomly sampling (those who had under average happiness scores) and arranged randomly in 2 experimental and control groups. Positive thinking skills training to experimental group was done in 8 sessions, 45´ minute and 2 sessions in a week. The used tool in this research is oxford happiness questionnaire
Results: result this research using analyses of covariance showed that Positive thinking skills training had meaningful and positive effect on increasing happiness of subjects
Conclusion: Based on research findings, it could be concluded that positive thinking skills training increases the happiness score of physical and motor disabled male adolescents, so it is suggested this training method to be used in both normal and special schools and counseling clinics, to increase mental health of physical and motor disabled male adolescents .

 This article extracted from research project of Deputy of Research and Technology Student Research Committee. Number of registration : 432


avant-garde intellectual projects of cultural transformation in the 1910s and 1920s. It is quite another to claim that Leningrad was the progenitor of the 1928-31 cultural revolution, that is, a particular historical event whose origins (as Clark acknowledges) lay not in Leningrad but in Moscow. In fact, I do not think that Clark means to make the latter claim, but confusion arises because she is using the same term in more than one sense. An innovative and highly original thinker, Clark tends to be perfunctory in her citation of other scholarship. To judge by my own reaction, scholars in the field may have moments of irritation reading Clark's book as they come upon oblique references to works and ideas of theirs that are not explicitly cited. This may be irritating to the ordinary reader, too, if he senses his exclusion from subtextual conversations Clark is having with Jeffrey Brooks, Sheila Fitzpatrick, Boris Groys, and so on. But these are minor blemishes. This book, like all Katerina Clark's work, is sui generis. Petersburg is a major work by one of the world's leading scholars of Soviet culture. It manages to combine a deep and affectionate understanding of the mentalities of Petersburg/Leningrad intellectuals with a rare capacity for detachment and nonpartisan evaluation. Clark's first book, The Soviet Novel, has had an enormous impact on the way Stalinist culture is studied in a range of disciplines (literary scholarship, history, cultural studies, even anthropology and political science). Her new book should be no less influential and stimulating to an equally wide range of readers.


The Illustrated London News (ILN) was the first newspaper to integrate image and text in reporting the news. Illustrated journalism occupied significant space in the newspaper, promoting the brave new world of the image and urging readers to visualize the story being told. As Anne Hultzsch (2017, 9) notes in her discussion of the architectural image in the early ILN, "by relieving readers of the task of visualising text in their minds, the illustrated press externalised and stabilised vision, while at the same time introducing a new mode of kinetic experience through the combination of word and image." A significant innovation at an opportune moment, only a year after the appearance and success of Punch, the popular illustrated comic weekly, the ILN offered sixteen pages featuring thirty-two woodcuts, large and small, accompanying forty-eight columns of news (see Leary 2011). For sixpence, every Saturday it presented, in a regular format, the events of the preceding week. Considering that the ILN sold over 100,000 weekly copies by the 1850s, attracting a mainly middleto upper-class readership, these narratives reached a wide audience who were slowly becoming educated in what we might think of as the lures of the visual (Ellegård 1971, 22; see also Baillet 2017 on the visual representations of the labouring and lower classes in the mid-Victorian illustrated press). As Gerry Beegan (2008, 55) has suggested, wood engraving, the ILN's reproductive method, asserted the newspaper's middle-class character and "became the means through which middle-class magazine readers expected to see their world depicted": "The drawn image was not simply a depiction but an explanation, its purpose to clarify and make sense of the incident it portrayed." An exploration of these images and their accompanying texts more than a century-and-a-half later, when visual journalism has become a vital part of mass media and the arts, is an exploration of the history of the visual in the media, and how it came to call attention to specific aspects of reality. On 19 June 1847, the ILN published a letter sent to the editor by an indignant "traveller in the Levant, and a friend of Greece" on the "atrocities" perpetrated around what came to be known as the Don Pacifico Affair, which led to the blockade of the main Athenian port of Piraeus by British forces in the early 1850s. The letter was published under the title "Brigandage in Athens" and was paired with a small illustration depicting the house of Don Pacifico "after the sacking" (Figure 1). The small drawing, showing an external view of a three-storey house with the


The invention discloses an automatic primer selection method and system. Through the automatic primer selection method and system, automation of selecting needed marks from a mark (primer mixed solution) storage bank and using the marks can be realized. The method comprises the steps that the name of a mixed solution of a primer needing to be used is acquired to obtain a label number of a storage box of the mixed solution, the storage position of a storage tube storing the mixed solution in the storage box and the storage amount of the mixed solution in the storage tube; the use amount is acquired, when it is known through judgment that the use amount is not higher than the difference value between the storage amount and the sum of the minimum amount capable of being absorbed by a liquid transfer station and the consumption amount and the storage amount is higher than the minimum amount, the corresponding storage box is taken out, a box cover is opened, the storage box is placed on an adapter, and a primer reaction plate is placed at a designated position; the storage position and the use amount are sorted into a list, the list is sent to the liquid transfer station, the liquid transfer station absorbs the mixed solution of the primer needing to be used, and the mixed solution is sprayed into holes of the primer reaction plate; and after absorption of the mixed solution is completed, the storage box is placed back to the original position, and an information database is updated.


Big Data represents an actual research topic. More and more it becomes part of people life's through different applications that are used daily, such as stock exchange, news, social media, health-care. All these applications make use of Big Data technologies for storing and processing information. There have been developed numerous technologies for implementing Big Data requirements and it is interesting to follow their strengths and weaknesses, when to use one over another and how well they perform in different situations. In this paper, we compare two frameworks Apache Spark and Ignite that are used for data processing. We perform the comparison taking into consideration the following aspects: features, implementation, architecture, and performance metrics. In order to test the performance, we used two popular applications such as word count and k-means clustering. Results show that Spark achieved better performance than Ignite.