Abstract
Purpose – The purpose of this research is to design and build a wild animal pest repellent device with combination of passive infrared (PIR) sensor and ultrasonic signal based on microcontroller as system controller. The PIR sensor is used to detect the presence of wild animal objects and ultrasonic signals to interfere with the hearing.

Design/Methodology/Approach – The design of the system is built based on microcontroller as the system controller. The system as a whole includes hardware and software. The design of hardware consists of the system design on the transmitter side and the system design on the receiver side, while the software in the of system are algorithms using C language programming.

Findings – The resulting repellent device can detect animals approaching up to a distance of 5 m and may interfere with its hearing with a 40 kHz ultrasonic frequency up to a distance of 20 m. The system also uses remote monitoring devices using 433 MHz radio frequency up to a distance of 60 m.

Research Limitations/Implications – Each animal has different hearing frequencies, as well as some wild animals, but the hearing frequencies of wild animals are generally at ultrasonic frequencies. The frequency of animal hearing may vary from audio frequency to ultrasonic frequency, so ultrasonic wave emission testing with varying frequencies is required.

Practical Implications – This research combines systems on transmitters and receivers, with real-time monitoring of wild animal positions, and it can be possible to monitor the position of more detailed animals by installing more types of sensors as well as increasing the number of sensors.

Originality/Value – This paper may provide additional insight into the hearing frequencies of animals and may also serve as comparable papers for similar studies.


The molecular self-assembly of several molecular species on Cu(111) has been studied with ultra-high vacuum scanning tunneling microscopy. A coexistence of small flower and interlocking pinwheel structure is observed for the self-assembly of phenyl-propynenitrile molecules, with the preference of the more complex pinwheel structure attributed to the surface stress induced by molecular adsorption. Metal-organic coordination interaction on a 2-dimensional surface has been explored through a comparative study of isocyanide and cyanide molecules with the same molecular backbones. And the effects of confinement into the self-assembled anthraquinone cavities has been demonstrated.


Genetic disorders and birth defects collectively form an important component of the health burden and a main cause of chronic illnesses in childhood. Three percent of newborns have major birth defects and represents a major contributor to under-five mortality in Malaysia. While single gene disorders are important from the family's perspective, other multifactorial conditions such as neural tube defects and cleft lip and palate involving the interplay between genetic and environmental factors are important from the public health's perspective. In addition, conditions with strong genetic susceptibility such as cancers, diabetes and asthma have become increasingly prominent and many families are turning to their paediatricians are advice and information. Prevention of genetic diseases may be achieved through empowering individuals with information about their genetic risks and enabling them to make informed choices about their reproductive options. Reducing genetic morbidity and mortality would be a secondary goal of prevention. The paediatrician can assist the clinical geneticist in playing an active role in this respect. This include public education regarding genetic diseases, birth defects and strategies to avoid teratogens, providing basic genetic counselling for at-risk families, promotion of periconceptional folic acid supplementation and advising pre-pregnancy management of maternal illnesses and early antenatal visits once pregnancy is confirmed. These strategies require an understanding of the natural history of the disorders, genetic testing techniques and their limitations, and the basic knowledge of genetic counselling.


Background: Host immunity involves various immune cells working in concert to achieve balanced immune response. Host immunity interacts with tumorigenic process impacting disease outcome. Clusters of different immune cells may indicate specific host-tumor interplay. Identifying the clusters may reveal unique host immunity in response to tumor growth.
 Methods: CIBERSORT was used to estimate relative abundances of 22 immune cell types in 3 datasets, METABRIC, TCGA, and our study. The cell type data in METABRIC were analyzed for cluster using unsupervised hierarchical clustering (UHC). The UHC results were employed to train machine learning models, random forest (RF), deep neural network (DNN), stepAIC, and elastic net. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression survival analyses were performed to assess cell clusters in association with relapse-free and overall survival. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) by immune cell clusters were interrogated with IPA for molecular signatures.
 Results: UHC analysis identified two distinct immune cell clusters, clusters A (83.2%) and B (16.8%). Memory B cells, plasma cells, CD8 positive T cells, resting memory CD4 T cells, activated NK cells, monocytes, M1 macrophages, and resting mast cells were more abundant in clusters A than B, whereas regulatory T cells and M0 and M2 macrophages were more in clusters B than A. Patients in cluster A had favorable survival compared to those in cluster B. Similar survival associations were also observed in TCGA and our study when using a RF model trained with the UHC results. The survival associations were independent from clinicopathological variables. IPA analysis showed that pathogen-induced cytokine storm signaling pathway, phagosome formation, and T cell receptor signaling were related to the cell type clusters.
 Conclusions: Our finding suggests that different immune cell clusters may indicate distinct immune responses to tumor growth, suggesting their potential for disease management.
 Citation Format: Zhanwei Wang, Dionyssios Katsaros, Junlong Wang, Nicholetta Biglio, Brenda Y. Hernandez, Peiwen Fei, Lingeng Lu, Harvey Risch, Herbert Yu. Machine learning-based cluster analysis of immune cell subtypes and breast cancer survival [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 3020.


A retrospective review presented at the 12th annual Toronto Breast Surgery Symposium finds capsular contracture to be much more common in smooth implants compared to textured implants.


Porous materials are known to be effective in mitigating the impact of shock/blast waves. Nano-structured materials appear to have an even greater potential for such mitigation because of their high surface-to-volume ratio, a property which attenuates shock wave propagation substantially. Molecular dynamics was used to explore the effects of this remarkable characteristic on the behavior of traveling shocks impacting on solid materials with and without a porous structure attached. The materials involved were represented by realistic interaction potentials. Cases with various values of porosity have been investigated and the results indicate that the presence of a nano-porous material layer in front of a target wall reduces the energy deposited inside the solid by about 30 percent, while at the same time considerably decreasing its loading rate.


We have established a rigorous theoretical formalism for Floquet engineering, or investigating and eventually tailoring most crucial electronic properties of tetragonal molybdenum disulfide (1T (cid:48) MoS 2 ), by applying an external high-frequency dressing field in the off-resonant regime. It was recently demonstrated that monolayer semiconducting1T (cid:48) -MoS 2 may assume a distorted tetragonal structure which exhibits tunable and gapped spin- and valley-polarized tilted Dirac bandstructure. From the viewpoint of electronics, 1T (cid:48) -MoS 2 is one of the most technologically promising nanomate-rials and a novel representative of an already famous family of transition metal dichalcogenides. The obtained dressed states strongly depend on the polarization of the applied irradiation and reflect the full complexity of the initial low-energy Hamiltonian of non-irradiated material. We have calculated and analyzed the obtained electron dressed states for linear and circular types of the polarization of the applied field focusing on their symmetrical properties, anisotropy, tilting and bandgaps, as well as topological signatures. Since a circularly polarized dressing field is also known to induce a transition into a new state with broken time-reversal symmetry and a non-zero Chern number, the combination of these topologically non-trivial phases and transitions between them could reveal some truly unique and earlier unknown phenomena. the equivalence of the two valleys and, most surprisingly, could either increase or decrease the bandgap depending on its initial value in a stark contrast to any known material. 27 It was also demonstrated that the off-resonant field could substantially modify transport properties , excitonic behavior 43 and topological signatures of a two-dimensional lattice.


One of critical issues aaecting parallel system performance is the scheduling of parallel tasks onto available target processors. A number of algorithms and software tools have been presented to deal with the task scheduling problem in parallel processing. This paper studies the static scheduling of general types of applications. We focus on \conditional task scheduling", in which the task model may vary between each program execution, due to conditional branching within tasks. A parallel programming environment, called ATME, is presented to practically tackle this complicated conditional scheduling problem.


To improve the transport of active species in the carbon nano-fibrous electrodes of a vanadium flow battery (VFB), a free-standing carbon nano-fibrous web with ultra large pores has been designed and fabricated through the horizontally-opposed blending electrospinning method in this study. The morphology, surface chemistry and electrochemical performances of the highly porous nano-fibrous web have been investigated and compared with the carbon nano-fibrous web prepared by traditional electrospinning. Benefiting from the much larger pore size and higher porosity of the carbon nano-fibrous web prepared by horizontally-opposed blending electrospinning, the concentration polarization of the vanadium flow battery is effectively reduced. As indicated by the single cell tests, the battery using horizontally-opposed blending electrospun carbon nano-fibrous web electrodes delivers much improved performance, especially at high current density. The voltage efficiency is 10.3% higher than that of the traditional electrospun carbon nano-fibrous web electrodes and the electrolyte utilization efficiency is twice as much as that of the traditional electrospun carbon nano-fibrous web electrodes at 60 mA cm−2. The results suggest that expanding the pore size could be one effective strategy to facilitate carbon nano-fibrous materials' applications for VRBs, and that the horizontally-opposed blending electrospun carbon nano-fibrous web is a promising electrode candidate for VFBs.


Early allograft dysfunction (EAD) is a well‐defined clinical syndrome that reflects overall graft function within the first week after transplant. The aim of this study was to further refine the definition for EAD.


A pivotal feature for the viability of white dwarf (WD) collisions as SN Ia progenitors is that a significant fraction of the mass is highly compressed to the densities required for efficient 56Ni production before the ignition of the detonation wave. Previous studies have employed model WDs composed of carbon–oxygen (CO), whereas WDs typically have a non-negligible helium envelope. Given that helium is more susceptible to explosive burning than CO under the conditions of WD collision, a legitimate concern is whether or not early time He detonation ignition can lead to early time CO detonation, drastically reducing 56Ni synthesis. We investigate the role of He in determining the fate of WD collisions by performing a series of two-dimensional hydrodynamics calculations. We find that a necessary condition for non-trivial reduction of the CO ignition time is that the He detonation birthed in the contact region successfully propagates into the unshocked shell. We determine the minimal He shell mass as a function of the total WD mass that upholds this condition. Although we utilize a simplified reaction network similar to those used in previous studies, our findings are in good agreement with detailed investigations concerning the impact of network size on He shell detonations. This allows us to extend our results to the case with more realistic burning physics. Based on the comparison of these findings against evolutionary calculations of WD compositions, we conclude that most, if not all, WD collisions will not be drastically impacted by their intrinsic He components.


It is common knowledge that hemodialysis patients are less active than normal persons (1). They have a lower functional capacity, disturbed flexibility and coordination, reduced strength, impaired peripheral activation, and significant skeletal muscle wasting (2-5). Their sedentary behaviour is associated with an increased risk for dying (6), a risk that is lower in patients who exercise several times in a week (7). Predisposing factors for these patients' poor functional abil ity are cardiac dysfunction, impaired cardiac autonomic control, skeletal muscle weakness, and fatigue (8). Also contributing to this deterioration are renal anemia, uremic toxins, malnutrition, deconditioning, neurohormonal insults, and increasing inactivity. Maximal exercise capacity and muscle strength declines as renal function decreases (9, 10). In CAPD patients physical fitness is also poor, and the infusion of dialysis fluid into the peritoneal cavity does not seem to affect physical work capacity (11). The determinants of reduced exercise capacity in dialysis patients are as follows: Uremic myopathy and resulting decreased muscle oxygen utilization have a significant impact on the physical functioning of dialysis patients, and some of the abnormalities demonstrated in uremic muscle are consistent with disuse atrophy (12). Dialysis patients exhibit functionally significant muscle wasting (13) and on light microscopy exhibit fiber splitting, fiber degeneration and regeneration, increased content of lipid droplets, and fiber-type grouping. Non-specific abnormalities seen on electron microscopy include mitochondrial changes, Zband degeneration, myofilament loss, and accumulation of intracellular glycogen (14). Dialysis patients also have an abnormal response of muscle blood flow to exercise, rising during submaximal and symptom-limited maximal exercise much less than in controls (15). Low muscle O2 conductance also seems to limit exercise tolerance; and increased oxidative damage may be a further factor causing skeletal myopathy (16). Fatigue is threefold greater in dialysis patients than in controls, possibly due to deranged intramuscular energy metabolism (4). Total muscle carnitine content is lower than in controls, and this is correlated to exercise performance (17). Peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak), self-reported functioning measures, and physical activity levels are independent predictors of mortality in HD patients (18). Peak VO2 correlates positively with male sex and hemoglobin, serum albumin and serum creatinine concentrations, and negatively with dialytic age and diagnosis of diabetes or chronic heart failure (19). Dialysis patients have greater lipid peroxidation at rest and during or after physical exercise (20), and also exhibit impaired extrarenal potassium regulation during exercise (21). Correction of anemia has been proportionally correlated with the exercise capacity of dialysis patients. Their impairment of aerobic and anaerobic capacity is significantly correlated with the severity of the anemia (22). Hemoglobin and creatinine concentrations, muscle strength, height, weight, and age also influence physical work capacity, but do not seem to be strong determining factors (23). Maximal working capacity is reduced even before starting dialysis, in part due to reduced hemoglobin (24); but full exercise tolerance ability cannot always be regained even after restoring a normal hematocrit (25).


The lower Trenton Salona Formation in central Pennsylvania contains five widespread K-bentonite beds, distinguishable on the basis of chemical fingerprinting. Thirty-five samples, one from each K-bentonite bed with good stratigraphic control at seven localities, were analyzed for Na, K, Sc, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Zn, Ga, As, Rb, Sb, Cs, La, Ce, Sm, Eu, Tb, Dy, Yb, Lu, Hf, Ta, and Th by instrumental neutron activation analysis and for Zr and Ti by X-ray fluorescence. Chemical data were then treated by step-wise discriminant analysis to determine the most powerful grouping of discriminating elements and to create a discriminant model which would maximize the differences between the five beds and used to classify samples whose stratigraphic position is uncertain. Discriminant analysis revealed that differences in chemical composition are significantly greater between K-bentonite beds than within them. Yb, Sc, Ti, Th, Dy, Ta, Ga, Hf, Fe, Tb, Na, Lu, Ce, Sm, Co, Cr, K, Cs, and Eu, listed in order of their relative strength to discriminate among the five beds as a group can account for all but 0.0001% of the variance existing within each bed. Four discriminant functions were computed during the analysis. Eigenvalues and a territorial map indicate that the discriminant model is very effective for characterizing each K-bentonite bed and classifying unknown samples. The results of this study demonstrate the presence of unique and identifiable chemical fingerprints of K-bentonite beds in the Salona Formation, and provide an additional tool for correlating K-bentonite beds in central Pennsylvania and surrounding areas.


A single factor design was used to study the effects of dietary crude protein level on nutrients utilization,nitrogen retention and serum biochemical parameters of Luxi game chickens during peak of lay.Sixty 35-week-old Luxi game chickens with the average body weight of(2.046±0.101)kg were randomly distributed into five groups with six replicates of two each.Four dietary crude protein levels were 14.0%,15.5%,17.0%and 18.5%,and endogenous losses were obtained from another group.Results showed that all hens had a similar apparent and true metabolic rate of DM,OM,CA and GE(P0.05).In addition to the 18.5% group,the apparent metabolic rate of CP in the 17.0%group was significantly higher than that of the other groups(P0.05).However,the true metabolic rate of CP was not significantly affected by dietary crude protein levels(P0.05);the nitrogen excretion linearly(P0.01)increased with dietary crude protein level increased from 14.0%to 18.5%.The retention rate of nitrogen in the 17.0% group was significantly higher than that of other groups(P0.05).The regression equation of daily nitrogen retention(Nr)and daily nitrogen intake(Ni)fo r Luxi Game chickens was Nr=0.649Ni-0.258(R2=0.923).Nitrogen maintenance requirement for 35-week-old laying hens was 0.2164g/kgBW0.75;the BUN of the 14.0%group was significantly lower than that of 17.0%and 18.5% group(P0.05).Meanwhile,TP,GLOB and A/G was not significantly affected by dietary crude protein levels(P0.05).The higher CP utilization and nitrogen retention,and the optimal serum biochemical parameters,were obtained when the dietary crude protein level was 17.0% for Luxi game chickens during peak of lay.


The base station for JDC consists of a common amplifier, transmit/receiver equipment, a test transceiver and so on. The paper describes the configuration and the features of the newly developed base station transmit/receive equipment. The equipment is compact in size and provides 144 traffic channels per rack. Frequency assignment is flexible because of adopting a common amplifier. Approach line cost is reduced because 3 traffic channels are multiplexed in a 64 kbps PCM time slot. Maintenance is convenient because it is possible to supervise and control its functions from the operation and maintenance center.<<ETX>>


Throughout Earth's history, CO2 is thought to have exerted a fundamental control on environmental change. Here we review and revise CO2 reconstructions from boron isotopes in carbonates and carbon ...


This paper describes a methodological proposal for the design, creation and evaluation of Learning Objects (LOs). This study arises from the compilation and analysis of several LO design methodologies currently used in Ibero-America. This proposal, which has been named DICREVOA, defines five different phases: analysis, design (instructional and multimedia), implementation (LO and metadata), evaluation (from the perspective of both the producer and the consumer of the LO), and publishing. The methodology focuses not only on the teaching inexperienced, but also on those having a basic understanding of the technological and educational aspects related to LO design; therefore, the study emphasizes LO design activities centered around the Kolb cycle and the use of the ExeLearning tool in order to implement the LO core. Additionally, DICREVOA was used in a case study, which demonstrates how it provides a feasible mechanism for LO design and implementation within different contexts. Finally, DICREVOA, the case study to which it was applied, and the results obtained are presented.


How to monitor and analyze the network congestion and traffic information of each exit and each link is essential for the operators to improve the IDC network quality.This paper presents an adaptive flow assessment method,which optimizes the existing flow measurement techniques,and explores its application result in IDC network.


The main motive behind this experimental setup was to find out the effect of temperature and droplet size on ignition delay period of different bio diesel blends. For experimental analysis, the equipment was assembled to carry out different tests for petroleum based Diesel and Bio-Diesel blends. During these tests, the Ignition delay of Diesel, Bio-Diesel and its different blends, in a temperature range of 600 °C to 750 °C and at an atmospheric pressure were studied. In addition fuel droplets of different diameters (750950 microns) were introduced into the furnace chamber of the experimental set up and Combustion characteristics were measured for the Diesel and Bio-Diesel blends which shows the ignition delay time of diesel and BD blends decreases as the temperature increases. In this investigation, the effect of different combustion variables like the ignition temperature, ignition delay time, droplet diameter in the perspective of various biodiesel blends has been studied, and the effect of these variables on each other have been compared and elaborated in a simultaneous manner with the help of Design expert 3D graphs.


Background Nurses are most often in contact with patients, so that of all health workers, nurses are the most at risk of being exposed to various diseases. Objective: To identify the description of nurses in the prevention and control of health care associated infections (HAIs) in the emergency department of Kardinah Hospital, Tegal City. Methods: This research is a quantitative research using descriptive research methods. The sampling technique in this study used a total sampling of 40 Results: Data analysis showed that 90% of the emergency room and ICU nurses had high knowledge of the use of PPE, as many as 10% of nurses had a negative attitude in the use of PPE. The most reason for using PPE is to maintain personal safety and the most reason for not using PPE is because they are not used to it Conclusions and Suggestions: PPI provides socialization and information on the use of PPE according to hospital SOPs. IPCN is expected to be the right role model in the use of PPE, hospital management provides support and motivation to nurses to be more disciplined in the use of PPE to prevent HAIs.


Aloe samples were prepared by microwave digestion.Microwave plasma torch atomic emission spectrometry(MPT—AES)was used to determine the content of calcium,magnesium,iron and zinc in chinese and yuanjiang aloe.Comprehensive experimental parameters(including analytical wavelength,microwave forward power,support gas flow rate,carrier gas flow rate and oxygen shield gas pressure)were obtained and optimized systematically.Under optimal conditions respectively,the detection limit for Ca,Mg,Fe,Zn were 5.62 ng/mL,3.03 ng/mL,78.36 ng/mL,25.41 ng/mL,the linear rang were(0.05—100)μg/mL,(0.01—100)μg/mL,(0.2—20)μg/mL,(0.1—20)μg/mL,all of the RSDs were less than 1.96%,and the recoveries of these elements were around 96.5%—102.4%.The results show that the method is simple,rapid,accurate and of great application value.The contents of metallic elements in chinese aloe and yuanjiang aloe are almost the same,but the content of iron in chinese is more than in yuanjiang aloe.


Heart disease is the leading Causes of death in the world over the past ten years. The world health organization reported that heart disease in the first leading causes of death in high and low countries . Today diagnosing patients correctly and administering effective treatments have become quite a challenge. Poor clinical decisions may end to patient death and which cannot be afforded by the hospital as it loses its reputation.. So to achieve a correct and cost effective treatment computerbased information and/or decision support systems can be developed to do the task. Now several different methods have been developed for designing a heart disease prediction system . In this paper we are designing a computerized method for predicting heart disease with the help of Data mining and Optimization techniques like PSO and Genetic . The reason behind using Genetic Algorithm is the discovery of high level prediction rules that are highly comprehensible, have high predictive accuracy. Keywords— Particle swarm optimization , swarm intelligence , particle , heuristic .


The selection of polymeric materials utilized in photovoltaic (PV) modules has changed relatively little since the inception of the PV industry, with ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and fluoropolymer-based laminates being the most widely adopted primary components of the encapsulant and backsheet materials. The backsheet must serve to electrically insulate the solar cells and protect them from the effects of weathering. Due to continued downward pressure on cost, other polymeric materials are being formulated to withstand outdoor exposure for use in backsheets to replace either the PET film, the fluoropoymer film, or both. Because of their relatively recent deployment, less is known about their reliability and if they are durable enough to fulfill the ≥25 year warranties of current PV modules. This work presents a degradation analysis of field-exposed modules with polyamide- and polyester-based backsheets. Modules were exposed for up to five years in different geographic locations: USA (Maryland, Ohio), China, and Italy. Surface and cross-sectional analysis included visual inspection, colorimetry, glossimetry, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Each module experienced different types of degradation depending on the exposure site, even for the same material and module brand. For instance, the polyamide-based backsheet experienced hairline cracking and greater yellowing and chemical changes in China (Changsu, humid subtropical climate), while in Italy (Rome, hot-summer Mediterranean climate) it underwent macroscopic cracking and greater losses in gloss. Spectroscopic studies have permitted identification of degradation products and changes in polymer structure over time. Comparisons are made to fielded modules with fluoropolymer-based backsheets, as well as backsheet materials in accelerated laboratory exposures. Implications for qualification testing and service life prediction of the non-fluoropolymer-based backsheets are discussed.


The reaction of electrophilic substitution of 2-bromo-6-(4-bromophenyl)- imidazo [2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazole with potassium thiocyanate in the presence of molecular bromine was studied. It was shown that the introduced substituents enter the C (5) -H position of the imidazole fragment of the heterocycle under study. The structure of the first obtained compound was established by IR-, 1H- and 13C – NMR - spectroscopy, and the composition by elemental analysis.


Maintaining a specific geometric formation during the movement is crucial for multiagent systems of mobile robots in various applications. Proper coordination can lead to reduced system costs, increased reliability and efficiency, and system adaptability and flexibility.
This research proposes a novel movement coordination method for self-governing multiagent systems of intelligent mobile robots. The proposed method uses a leader-follower technique with a virtual leader to maintain a specific geometric structure. Additionally, the epsilon greedy algorithm is utilized to avoid loops. To reduce power consumption, it is proposed to turn on only a few robots' lidars at a time. They could drive all the robots in the group, allowing them to reach the goal without colliding with obstacles.
Experiments on a complex map with nine robots were conducted to test the method's effectiveness. The success rate of the swarm reaching the target position and the number of steps needed were evaluated. Testing varied angular velocities of 1 to 20 degrees and linear velocities of 0.1 to 5.5 m/s. Results show the method effectively guides the robots without collisions.
This method enables a group of self-governing multiagent systems of intelligent mobile robots to maintain a desired formation while avoiding obstacles and reducing power consumption. The results of the experimental study demonstrate the method's potential to be implemented in real-world missions and traffic management systems to increase efficiency and reduce costs.
The proposed method can be utilized in military missions and traffic management systems, where maintaining a specific geometric formation is crucial. The method's ability to avoid obstacles and reduce power consumption can also lead to reduced costs and increased efficiency.


Neutron emission in heavy-ion-induced reactions is studied. A model description of the emission of fast particles in the initial phase of the reaction is proposed. It is based on the assumption that the emission of fast particles is largely due to the decay of high-energy particle--hole excitations. The high-energy part of the spectrum is satisfactorily described by this model. The low-energy neutron yield is computed within the framework of the statistical approach.


Objective To investigate the effects of mild hypothermia on brain acid base balance after severe head injury through monitoring the changes of CSF PO 2 ,PCO 2 ,pH and lactate level and arterial pH in patients with severe head injury treated with mild hypothermia.Methods Forty two patients (average age 41.7 years old) with severe head injury (GCS≤8) were selected for this study. Mild hypothermia group received cooling (32~34℃) for 3 5 days within 12 hours after head injury. Control group received ordinary treatment. CSF PO 2 ,PCO 2 ,pH and lactate level and arterial pH were examined before cooling and 24h,48h,72h after cooling.Results There was no obvious effect in arterial pH following the changes of brain and body temperature. Arterial pH changed within normal range but CSF pH was in acidosis condition from beginning to end. There was no difference in CSF PO 2 ,PCO 2 ,lactate level in two groups before cooling (P0.05). CSF PO 2 ,PCO 2 ,lactate level was lower in cooling group than that in control group 24h,48h,72h after cooling.ConclusionMild hypothermia may decrease CSF PO 2 ,PCO 2 ,lactate level in severe head injury but can not ameliorate the low CSF pH.


A review is given of currently known and experimental data regarding the interrelationship of the magnitude of the coercive force (CF) Chemical composition, fluctua-tions in the composition and degree of anisotropy are discussed. Point flaws, cavities and packing densities are analyzed. A review of distribution of dislocations and size of grains and units is presented. Antiphase boundaries are discussed. Internal and external stresses, plastic strain, and the amorphous state are reviewed. The authors feel that in order to obtain quantitative relationships and a calibration for the CF method, further systematic investigations using stnadardized procedures and equipment are necessary. It is also necessary to find the relationship between the overall CF H /SUB c/ and its components H /SUP i/ /SUB c/ .


In 201 of 212 oestrous cycles in 25 adult Merino ewes a fairly uniform sequence of changes occurred in the macroscopic nature of the vaginal contents. This sequence of changes or 'vaginal cycle' was characterized by the presence of mucus, frequently in great amount, during oestrus, and the appearance of quantities of material of a cheesy consistency within 3 days following oestrus. The cheesy material usually persisted for 3 or more days and was succeeded by small amounts of material of a semitransparent or clear serous nature. Two or three consecutive vaginal cycles occupied 32 interoestrous intervals of 31-61 days, most of which occurred during well-defined sexual seasons, and in two instances consecutive vaginal cycles continued throughout the whole of the interval between two well-defined sexual seasons. Some vaginal cycles also occurred during most other anoestrous intervals between sexual seasons. Forty oestrous periods were either associated unusually with a vaginal cycle or were not associated with any regular sequence of changes at all. Twenty-one of these periods occurred at the beginning or during the course of periods of reduced sexual activity.


UV irradiation of the cycloheptadienyl complexes [(η5-C7H8R)Cr(CO)3SnPh3] (1a, R = H; 1b, R = C(Me)S(CH2)3S; 1c, R = CHPh2) or cyclohexadienyl complexes [(η5-C6H6R)Cr(CO)2(NO)] (7, R = C(Me)S(CH2)3S) and 2 equiv of 2-butyne or 3-hexyne in toluene or n-hexane gave new tricyclic complexes 2, 5, and 8. These complexes arise from sequential [5 + 2] and homo[5 + 2] cycloadditions of two alkyne molecules to the η5-dienyl manifold forming 11-alkylidenetricyclo[5.3.1.04,10]undeca-2,5-diene or tricyclo[5.2.1.04,9]deca-2,5-dien-10-yl ligands, respectively. Heating 2 in acetonitrile gave [Cr(CO)3(CH3CN)3] and the tricyclic organic compounds 3. UV irradiation of 1a and 1-phenyl-1-propyne or 1c and 2-butyne directly gave the organic compounds 4a,b and 5c, 6a,b, respectively, as mixtures of isomers. The adduct resulting from 1a and two molecules of 3-hexyne has been characterized by an X-ray diffraction study.


The scientific development view has important guidance functions to the ideological and political education of university in which its starting point is"People first",coordinated development between society and peopleis its important content.The ideological and political education of university,as an important way to propagate scientific development view and an important agent to practice and develop,has a significant importance to the scientific development view.So,it is necessary to take various way to strengthen the interdynamic relation between the ideological and political education of university and scientific development views.


THE KNOWLEDGE ARGUMENT In Meditation II, having argued that he knows he thinks, Descartes then asks what kind of thing he is. Discussions of identity seek to establish the essential properties of something, what makes it the thing that it is. The question 'what am I?' can be answered by considering the question of what it is for me to exist. Descartes is trying to identify his essence, those properties which, if he lost them, would mean he was no longer what he is. (An island, for instance, must be surrounded by water. If the water dried up, joining it to the mainland, it would cease to be an island.)


Objective: To develop an instrument to assess environmental, emotional, spiritual, physical, social, and intellectual health and wellness. Methods: Reliability was assessed using 102 respondents who completed the OLP on 2 occasions. Concurrent validity was assessed using a second sample of 34 respondents and a panel of 6 experts. Results: Most items had high test-retest correlation coefficients. Each dimension had high internal consistency (ie, high Cronbach Alphas). Independence of items in each dimension suggested good divergent and convergent validity. Conclusions: The OLP is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing dimensions of the Total Person Concept. Am J Health Behav 2000;24(6):403-412


The purpose of this study to analyze and demonstrate how far the Islamic bank financing affect the business performance of tijarah zira'ah small entrepreneurs in East Java, as well as how far Islamic Bank financing affect the well-being of tijarah zira'ah small entrepreneurs in East Java, and also to determine how far the business performance of the tijarah zira'ah small entrepreneurs in East Java effect on its welfare. In addition this study wanted to describe the tijarah zira'ah small entrepreneurs in East Java in implementing QS. At-Tawbah verse 105 after getting financing Islamic banks and kaffah of tijarah zira'ah small entrepreneurs in East Java in order to realize the appropriate maqashid welfare after getting financing Islamic Bank. This study is a quantitative research, including types of explanatory research. The study population was tijarah zira'ah small entrepreneurs in East Java who got financing Islamic Bank for at least 8 to 12 months (1 year). On the grounds that if the small businesses get financing Islamic bank for a year and still in production could mean small businesses are able to maintain the sustainability of its business so that it can be studied performance and welfare. For hypothesis test is used quantitative analysis by using partial least squares (PLS). Reason for the use of PLS because the variables used in the model are latent in which the indicator is reflective and formative. Based on the evidence, both quantitative, qualitative, and Kashef, it can be concluded that: Financing Islamic Bank significant effect on the performance of the business with a positive direction. These results meant that when the Islamic bank financing has increased, it will increase business performance. Islamic Bank financing significantly with positive direction towards prosperity, so that when the Islamic bank financing increases, the small businessman tijarah zira'ah welfare will increase. Business performance significantly effect with positive direction towards prosperity, so that if improved operating performance of the small entrepreneurs tijarah zira'ah welfare will increase.


A new genus Megazosteria is proposed for Polyzosteria patula Walker, and for four other species, including M. nigrolutea, sp. nov., and M. shawi, sp. nov. A total of 11 species of Desmozosteria are recognized, six of them being described as new, namely: D. elongata, sp. nov., D. flava, sp. nov., D. lunata, sp. nov., D. obscura, sp, nov., D. pallidula, sp. nov., and D, scripta, sp. nov.


The morbidity and mortality worldwide caused by viral diseases is a major threat for public health. The principle of spirituality is not well utilized in the present medical practice. Ayurveda system has longest clinical experience and rich cultural heritage among all other systems of medicine.Ayurveda has its unique description of epidemic diseases which is explained under the topic Janapadodwansa. Air (~Vayu), Water (~Jala), Region (~Bhumi/soil) and Time (~Kala) when vitiated they become more and more difficult to manage one by one. The root causes of Epidemic diseases are Adharma (~Unethical practices) and Pragyaparadha (intellectual blasphemy). Sadvritta (ethical code of conduct), Rasayana (rejuvenation) etc with respect to Janapada (Community) should be adopted for the control and prevention of the epidemics. These principles of prevention and management are more relevant now then before. The present article gives in-depth insight in to the understanding of epidemics from the view of Ayurveda.


Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) have the potential to become malignant. Few studies have focused on the prevalence of the diabetes mellitus (DM) in IPMNs and its association with malignancy. We evaluated the association between DM and malignant IPMNs in this study.


Surface planarization of strain-relaxed SiGe buffer layers by chemical mechanical polishing (CMP), particularly the influence of a post-CMP cleaning process which is indispensable after CMP, on the surface morphology of SiGe buffer layers was investigated. It was found that the cleaning tended to enhance the surface roughness due to the etching effect that increased with increasing cleaning temperature. The etching effect was suppressed by optimizing cleaning reagents, and the ultrasmooth surfaces of SiGe buffer layers with Ge contents of 30 to 70% were obtained, irrespective to growth methods. The root mean square roughness reached 0.4 to 0.6 nm, which was the lowest value that was ever obtained.


Finite element mode was carried out for ultra-high cycle fatigue specimens of SMA490BW steel butt joints used in bogies. Finite element software ABAQUS/ FE-Safe was used to calculate the influences of different arc transition radius r and weld toe angles θ on joint stress concentration factor Kt and joint fatigue life N. The results show that r and θ have significant influence on the Kt and fatigue life of the SMA490BW steel butt joint for bogie. For the same inclination angle θ, Kt decreases gradually with r increasing. With θ increases, the effect of r on Kt is increasing continuously, also the effect of change in Kt caused by r on fatigue life N is increasing continuously. While in the case of same weld edge r, Kt increases with θ increasing. With r increases, the effect of θ on Kt is decreasing constantly, the effect of change in Kt caused by θ on fatigue life N is decreasing constantly. The fatigue performance of SMA490BW steel butt joint was tested by ultrasonic fatigue test machine. The results between the fatigue test and calculation is less than 15%. The finite element calculation result has important significance for improving the fatigue life of welded butt joint for bogie.


In the geometric setting of the embedding of the unitary group Un(q2) inside an orthogonal or a symplectic group over the subfield GF(q) of GF(q2), q odd, we show the existence of infinite families of transitive two‐character sets with respect to hyperplanes that in turn define new symmetric strongly regular graphs and two‐weight codes. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Combin Designs 18: 248–253, 2010


On the basis of innovation design of intermittent transmission of indexing cam mechanism,a novel indexing mechanism with high-speed and high indexing precision was proposed according to principles of planetary sliding tooth gearing and mechanism combination.Profile equations of cam in this kind of mechanism were derived in vector form.Structure and design parameters were analyzed systematically.Examples of computer simulation were given.This kind of mechanism has the advantage of compact structure,coaxial input and output.It enriches types of parallel axial intermittent transmission mechanisms.This mechanism may become a new generation product of intermittent indexing transmission mechanisms.


Summary Isolated intestinal mucosal cells from normal and common duct-cannu-lated rats have been prepared by collagen-ase dissociation. These cells displayed ultra-structural integrity and retained several metabolic characteristics typical of intact intestinal mucosa. These included galactose accumulation and its inhibition by dinitro-phenol, glucose oxidation, incorporation of labeled leucine into cellular protein, and the uptake and esterification of fatty acid. The uptake of cholesterol by cells from common duct-cannulated rats was comparable to that in cells from control animals; however, esterification was only about 25% of that in control cells. Preincubation of the "defective" cells for 30 min with the purified subunit or active form of pancreatic sterol ester hydrolase had no effect on cholesterol uptake but resulted in a fourfold to sixfold increase in the ability of the cells to esterify cholesterol. These studies provide additional evidence for the essential role of pancreatic sterol ester hydrolase in the mucosal esterification of absorbed cholesterol prior to lymphatic transport.


Background
Nowadays, two types of anti-pneumococcal vaccine are available: pneumococcal 13-valent conjugate vaccine (PCV13), first licensed in the United States (US) in 2013, and pneumococcal 23-valent polysaccaridic vaccine (PPSV23), first licensed in the US in 1999. These vaccines are recommended in Italy for the immunization of newborns and of the elderly, using a combined sequential schedule for the latter. This report aims to describe the PCV13- and PPSV23-related AEFIs notified in Puglia in 2013-2020, in order to design these products' safety profile in a real-life scenario, three years after the official recommendation about the sequential schedule for people over 60 years of age.

Methods
This is a retrospective observational study. Data were gathered from the list of AEFIs notified following PCV13 and PPSV23 administration in Puglia in 2013-2020. The number of administered vaccine doses was obtained from the regional immunization database. AEFIs were classified according to WHO's algorithm, and causality assessment was carried out in case of serious AEFIs.

Results
From January 2013 to December 2020, 764,183 doses of PCV13 and 40,382 doses of PPSV23 were administered in Puglia. In the same period, 71 PCV13 AEFIs (Reporting Rate: 9.29 x100,000 doses) and 5 PPSV23 AEFIs (Reporting Rate: 12.4 x100,000 doses) were reported. The overall male/female ratio in AEFIs was 0.85. The majority of AEFIs occurred in subjects aged less than 2 (64/76, 84.2%), while 10 out of 76 (13.2%) occurred in patients aged 60 or older. 22 AEFIs were classified as serious and for 12 (54.5%) causality assessment showed a consistent relationship with immunization. The most commonly reported symptoms were fever (Reporting Rate: 4.72 x100,000 doses) and neurological symptoms (Reporting Rate: 3.23 x100,000 doses). Only one death was notified, classified as non-vaccinerelated.

Conclusions
The benefit of pneumococcal vaccination appears to be greater than the risk of AEFIs for both PCV13 and PPSV23. In fact, AEFIs occur in less than 0.1‰ of patients and the majority of AEFIs are mild and self-limiting.


The educational proposal to the students of early child infant education which is designed in this part of the TFG that begins with the objective of evaluating an educational intervention designed to develop the language production (oral and written skills) , the autobiographical discourse and the construction of space and time used by a child through the creation and interpretation of his personal album made with different photos, through which it the child will acquire different skills and knowledge contained in the official curriculum of infant education. It is a significant proposal, because it takes into account the context, the environment and it involves close personal experiences of the child, extending his knowledge to his nearby social and familiar context. The child must create an autobiographical narrative speec with facts spanning the past and the present. On the other hand, the subject must use characteristic features of an autobiographical narrative, in addition, historical concepts such as change, continuity and permanence. Through the use of "I", the child will be building their own personal, social and family identity. To do this, the methodology used has been the study of a case with two children: no1 "experimental child" and no2 " control child " with the aim to compare the results and evaluate the final proposal.


The characteristics of n-channel metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors (NMOSFETs) with a SiN capping layer were investigated in this study. Although the incorporation of the SiN capping layer markedly enhanced the carrier mobility and thus the drive current of the fabricated devices, the resistance to hot-carrier degradation was sacrificed, owing to the high content of hydrogen in the SiN layer that might diffuse to the channel region during the process. Even if the SiN layer was removed and the channel strain was released later, the hot-carrier degradation was severer than that in devices without SiN capping. Finally, the lateral distribution of generated interface states due to hot-carrier stress was also investigated in this study.


This paper aims to guide experts who manage dementia by exploring the various non-drug interventions and analyzing the effective intervention methods applicable according to the functional level of the elderly with dementia. Fourteen studies were analyzed in this study. Meta-analysis was performed using the means, standard deviations, and the number of samples. Subsequent meta-analysis showed that the Holnis program had the largest effect size in cognitive function, the bakery activity program in memory, and the composite intermediation program with ADL was the largest. In addition, client-centric cognitive stimulation interventions showed the most significant effect sizes, while in depression and BPSD, rhythmic movement activities had the most significant effect size. Elderly with dementia exhibit various symptoms depending on their characteristics and the progress of the disease. Therefore, more efficient arbitration could be provided if the effects of each intervention can be applied


Some factors (autoclaving, addition of ethoxyquin, drying, degree of grinding) influencing utilisation of carotene from plant origin were investigated.

Low storage of vitamin A in liver and low excretion of carotene in faeces, when fresh lucerne was given, indicated that carotene-destroying enzymes of plant origin are likely to act before the lucerne is eaten and while it is passing through the intestines.

Addition of ethoxyquin to autoclaved lucerne improved the utilisation of carotene. This indicates nonenzymic oxidation of carotene in the digestive tract.

Carotene was more effectively utilised from lucerne meal than when given as green lucerne even if autoclaved and with ethoxyquin added.

It seems that the influence of non-enzymic factors on the availability of carotene from various dried plants is small and uniform, because carotene was utilised equally from these sources.

The particle size (degree of grinding) had no significant influence on the utilisation of carotene from lucerne meal and it seemed that coarser meals could be used without hindering the utilisation of carotene or other carotenoids by chicks.


The purpose of this article is to problematize the historical process associated with basic teacher training for Rural Education in the Amazonia with the state of Pará. It also aims produce reflections regarding the challenges of such formative processes in the sight of the homogenous model of training provided by the Brazilian government by means of educational policies and the demands from the local and regional realities in Para´s Amazonia. The study was conducted by means of bibliographical and documental review and interviews. Conclusion is that the role played by the university is urgent and necessary towards rural teacher education as well as to reflect on the emergency nature of the policies intended for in-service teacher training.


The article describes the functional properties of the adjective complex as a means of creating an artistic image. Broad expressive possibilities of various structural and semantic types of the adjective complex are established when reproducing the most characteristic external and internal features character traits, creation of a certain psychological state, generation of various emotions and feelings. It was determined that the author most often uses complex adjectives with color semantics, as well as composites, the first component of which is the basis of good. Structural semantic features of individually authored novelties, which the writer skilfully puts into the context in order to present to the reader the original features and charismatic image of Roksolana, to express a subjective attitude towards the main character. Complex adjectives (composite adjectives) as analytical units of the modern Ukrainian language belong to the class of sign words and are characterized by a variety of structural-semantic types, an expressive stylistic feature, a wealth of semantics, emotionality and imagery, which contributes to their active use in any communicative situation. Composite adjectives are always used with nouns, narrowing down and concretizing the semantic features of a specific subject, highlighting features characteristic only to it.


We present here a rare case that involved the long-term coexistence of 2 mature, functional, and equilibrated immune systems in a single child after fetofetal transfusion between dizygotic twins. A dichorionic diamniotic pregnancy complicated by twin anemia-polycythemia sequence resulted in the demise of 1 twin. The detection of abnormal vessels on the dichorionic plate strongly suggested the existence of functional vascular anastomoses leading to blood chimerism in the survivor. Genetic, phenotypic, and immunologic analyses at 2 years revealed chimeric lymphoid and myeloid cells in the surviving twin, although no tissue mosaicism was detected, which indicates that early transfusion led to mutual immune tolerance. Pediatrics 2011;128: e458–e463 AUTHORS: Valerie Biran, MD, PhD,a,b,c Marie Bornes, MD,d Azzedine Aboura, MD, PhD,e Sonia Masmoudi, MD,f Séverine Drunat, PharmD, PhD,e Clarisse Baumann, MD,e Sara Osimani, MD,e Jean-Hugues Dalle, MD, PhD,g Ghislaine Sterkers, MD, PhD,f Alain Verloes, MD, PhD,e Caroline Farnoux, MD,b Laure Maury, MD,b Thomas Schmitz, MD, PhD,c,d Suonavy Khung, MD,h and Olivier Baud, MD, PhDa,b,c aINSERM, U676, AVENIR RO5230HS Team, Paris, France; bNeonatal Intensive Care Unit and Departments of dObstetrics, eHuman Genetics, fBiological Immunology, gClinical Hematology, and hFetal Pathology, Robert Debré Children's Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris 7-Denis Diderot, Paris, France; and cPremUP, Paris, France


Foreign direct investments are important catalysts for national development and states have sought to attract investment by ratifying investment treaties that offer guarantees to foreign investors and that allow foreign investors to file an arbitration against a host state directly before an international tribunal. However, investment treaty arbitrations do not act only as a mechanism of dispute settlement; they also have a global governance role. They review the legality of state conduct through their adjudicative powers, in reference to those obligations that are narrowly stipulated in investment treaties. On the other hand, states must protect the most basic interests of those under their jurisdiction, even if to do so contradicts the interests of investors, and, in turn, investors have submitted claims against states through international arbitration whenever their interests have been contradicted. In the following article it will be discussed how the regulatory capacity of states has been considered in investment treaty arbitrations, with particular regard to the arbitrations filed against Argentina in the 2000s.


In crop rotations winter cover crops (WCC) can play a certain role in organic matter and plant nutrient formation. Under Nordic conditions the selection of crops for winter cover crops is quite limited. The aim of the present research was to explain the biomass and nutrients (N, P and K) formation by certain winter cover crops in an organic crop rotation. The effects of WCC on the following main crop yields were monitored.


Narayana Engineering College was established in the year 1998 under the chairmanship of Dr P Narayana. This is one of the most prestigious institutions sponsored by Narayana Educational Society,across India. Within a short period, the college has witnessed significant growth and established itself as one of the premier private unaided Engineering Colleges in Andhra Pradesh today and in recent times our college was ranked as 'A' Grade by the Govt. of AP.


Viking moderate- and high-resolution images along the northern highland margin were studied monoscopically and stereoscopically to contribute to an understanding of the development of fretted terrain. Results suport the hypothesis that the fretting process involved flow facilitated by interstitial ice. The process apparently continued for a long period of time, and debris-apron formation shaped the fretted terrain in the past as well as the present. Interstitial ice in debris aprons is most likely derived from ground ice obtained by sapping or scarp collapse. Debris aprons could have been removed by sublimation if they consisted mostly of ice, or by deflation if they consisted mostly of debris. To remove the debris, wind erosion was either very intense early in martian history, or was intermittent, perhaps owing to climatic cycles. The location of debris aprons in two midlatitudinal belts can be attributed to atmospheric conditions that permit ice to remain in the ground at moderate depth in those latitudes, and climatic factors that permit temperatures to be warm enough for ice to flow. Channels have minimum gradients of 5–8 m/km, which permits flowing ice to deform by dislocation creep at exceedingly low strain rates; alternately, ice-charged debris may have been buoyed by brines. By analogy with the fretted channels, ice could have flowed through the outflow channels if the atmospheric pressure was somewhat higher in the past and permitted ice to exist in the equatorial area.


Temozolomide (TMZ) is the standard‐of‐care chemotherapy drug for treating glioblastomas (GBMs), the most aggressive cancer that affects people of all ages. However, its therapeutic efficacy is limited by the drug‐resistance mediated by a DNA repair protein, O6‐methylguanine‐DNA methyltransferase (MGMT), which eliminates the TMZ‐induced DNA lesions. Here, the development of an iron oxide nanoparticle (NP) system for targeted delivery of small interfering RNAs to suppress the TMZ‐resistance gene (MGMT) is reported. The NPs are able to overcome biological barriers, bind specifically to tumor cells, and reduce MGMT expression in tumors of mice bearing orthotopic GBM serially passaged patient‐derived xenografts. The treatment with sequential administration of this NP and TMZ result in increased apoptosis of GBM stem‐like cells, reduced tumor growth, and significantly prolonged survival as compared to mice treated with TMZ alone. This study introduces an approach that holds great promise to improve the outcomes of GBM patients.


Electrical charging of common spacecraft materials flown on a high-altitude satellite are measured by the Satellite Surface Potential Monitor experiment and the data obtained are used as a framework for future modeling of spacecraft charging. Results from two magnetically disturbed times were chosen; one when the USAF P78-2 satellite was in eclipse on March 28, 1979 and the other which occurred in sunlight on April 24, 1979. On both days, the spacecraft charged negatively in the Earth's shadow to greater than -5 kV. From the results of these data, the location of various insulating materials, as well as their physical properties, must be considered if the details of spacecraft charging are to be understood.


Gradual escalation of electric vehicle (EV) penetration in modern power systems requires increasing support for EV charging. This additional demand represents a significant proportion of daily electric load which requires greater or flexible generation and transmission and poses challenges to system security and stability. This paper considers the impact of EV integration on transient stability by using an equivalent model of the Northern Ireland (NI) power system. The paper proposes an AC/DC converter-based EV aggregator model with two typical EV connections. A range of typical faults is investigated and discussed through simulation. The critical clearing time (CCT) and transient stability margin are used to assess transient stability on the NI system. Simulation results indicate that in order to achieve and sustain 2020 EV integration targets and guarantee adequate transient stability, asset support and network reinforcement will be required and these outcomes are described in the paper.


This article analyses the data of public scientific literacy survey conducted in China during 2005. Using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 13.0, the author establishes four regression models. The result reveals that the scores of male respondents are higher than that of female in the items relating to scientific knowledge. It also shows that scientific literacy is closely related to the socio-demographic variables. However, the impact of educational degree on public understanding of scientific method is not so evident.


A block (401) valve blow molding including a valve (400) blow molding positioned within the block (401) valve blow molding, with the valve (400) blow molding comprising: a camera (408) pressure control chamber (450) of process gas, a span (413) piston, a piston (402) movable control within the chamber (408) pressure and a portion of the opening (413 ) piston, the piston (402) control fluid communication with a supply of control pressure, a diaphragm (405) positioned between the chamber (450) of the process gas and the piston (402) control means being the diaphragm provides a fluid tight barrier between the chamber (450) of the process gas and the piston (402) control; characterized by: a movable auxiliary piston (404) within the span (413) and piston chamber (450) of process gas, wherein the diaphragm (405) is positioned between the auxiliary piston (404) and the piston ( 402) control, and a plurality of spaced tabs (461) extending radially outside the auxiliary piston (404) and apply the span (413) of the piston, wherein the plurality of spaced tabs (461) form a plurality void (562) providing fluid communication between the chamber (450) process gas and a second side (405b) of the diaphragm (405).


Using the expert interview and the questionnaire survey,a investigation and analyzsis of the present physical education situation in schools of Gansu national minority areas and the students' cognition degree and interest to physical education were given.The results showed that syllabus of physical education should adjust according to the national minority area students' actual situation,the natinal tradition sports should be introduced,which are rich in content,great in entertainment and profound in traditional culture.It has certain practical significance.


An effective environmental control system for the cultivation of Hericium erinaceus in a dry-hot valley region has been developed.High yields and fruiting rates(percentage of bags producing fruit bodies),and low malformation rates(percentage of deformed fruit bodies based on dry weight),were recorded using the optimized environmental control system consisting of a designed greenhouse(height 2.5 m,width 3 m,length 10 m) covered with a 0.1 mm thick layer of black-silver polyethylene film(silver surface outermost from October-November and from March-April,black surface outermost from December-February).H.erinaceus cultivation bags were placed in two stacks of 5000-7500 bags,each consisting of five layers(1000-1500 bags in each layer),and covered with a layer of non-woven fabric from full colonization of the growth substrate until harvesting.Stacks were watered and ventilated for 1 min every 60 min from 9∶00 to 22∶00 and,after watering,ventilated for 2 min at 22∶00 before closing the greenhouse overnight.The developed environmental control system can also be used for the cultivation of other edible fungi.


Pakcoy is a short-lived plant and has the high nutritional content needed by the body. One of the factors that influence the growth and yield of pakcoy is the growing medium. This study aims to determine the effect of various growing mediums on the growth and yield of pakcoy. This study used a randomized block design (4 x 4) with the treatment of M1 (soil), M 2 (soil + manure), M 3 (soil + sand) and M 4 (soil + sand + manure). The results showed that the growing medium is a mixture of soil, sand, and manure gave the highest average value for all observed parameters, although it was not significantly different from the mixed growing medium of soil and manure.


1. Two cases of diabetic subtalar neuropathy with spontaneous fracture-dislocation have been described.

2. Successful triple arthrodesis in a diabetic neuroarthropathic foot, with occupational rehabilitation of a practical nurse during a forty-month follow-up, is reported.


In recent work, we introduced the notion of a construction tree of simplices for a linkage L under distance constraints, and showed that the deformation space DSpace(L) of such an L (i.e., its configuration space CSpace(L) modulo rigid motions of ambient space respecting all system specifications) carries geometrically-defined simplex-based parameters that endow it with a "practically piecewise-convex" structure. Here we present parametrizations of contact deformations of planar loops with revolute joints. We show that the bending and kissing loci, which include the self-contact subspace DSContact (generally as a strict subset) can be efficiently described by triangle-based parameters. These results further demonstrate the effectiveness of the simplex-based approach.


Silicone oil has organic and inorganic properties, and its skeleton is polysiloxane bonding that silicon is bonded hydrogen or organic group. Silicone compounds are very smooth and lubricant properties by low surface tension, low temperature dependence, and nonadhesive properties. Because of these properties, silicone compounds are used as many parts of chemicals, softener, smooth and libricant agents, water-repellent agent, and defoaming agent, etc. Emulsion was prepared with the inversion emulsification method which adopted the agent-in-oil method dissolving the polyoxyethylene(7) tridecyl ether(HLB 12.2) into methoxy terminated poly(dimethyl-co-methyl amino) siloxane and hydroxy terminated poly(dimethylco-methyl amino) siloxane in water. At this time, processed emulsion was almost microemulsion. When ratio of emulsifier increases, emulsion is stable bacuause microemulsion is solubilized by emulsion drop size and zeta-potential are decreased. But, when amount of electrolyte is increase, emulsion became unstable because emulsion drop size is increased.


THE main topic of the Danube Symposium of Child Neurology was 'The Diagnosis of Nervous Diseases in the Early Years'. On the first day the papers were concerned with 'classical' neurological examinations. Dr. K. BRACHFELD (Prague) dealt with the neurological examination of the newborn, and Dr. V. VLACH (Prague) with that of infants during the first year of life. A follow-up study of some simple neurological signs in healthy infants during the first two years of life was presented by Dr. I. LESN?. Dr. K. GLONING (Vienna) gave a short paper on the examination of phasic functions using a simple technique, and Dr. WEBS (Budapest) reported on the writing difficulties of children with subacute encephalitis. The papers on the second day dealt with 'additional examinations'. Dr. MULLER (East Berlin) gave a survey of neuroradiological methods, stressing the possible danger of cerebral angiography causing temporary hypoxia. Dr. KEES (Vienna) emphasized the importance of air studies in his paper on 'neurosurgical diagnostic methods' and Dr. I. L E S N ~ read a paper on Reported by Ivan Lesn?


A TE/sub 010/ mode dielectric resonator is proposed for use in a millimeter-wave filter. The resonators were fabricated on a ceramic substrate and show good performance at 60 GHz. A planar circuit type millimeter-wave filter, using the TE/sub 010/ mode dielectric resonator, has been developed. The filter is applicable to future millimeter-wave communications systems.


The angular magnetic field dependence of the critical current density J _c(θ) of epitaxial YBa_2Cu_3O_7 thin films is presented in the temperature regime close to T _c. The high temperature behavior of J _c(θ) shows features that are significantly different from the earlier observations at lower temperatures. A comparison between the films on (100) LaAlO_3 and (100) yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) indicates significant differences that may be attributed to the differences in the microstructure of the films on the two substrates. In particular, the observation of enhanced pinning in the films on YSZ may be due to the pinning effects of the low angle grain boundaries present in these films.


An experimental research was performed concerning the evalutation of the behavior of some chemical and microbiological parameters during the fermentation time of the cabbagehead used for the production of sauerkraut. The prameters considered were: the total microbiological charge, the lattobacillus mesentericus, the total coliformi, the total leavens, the total moulds, and also chemical parameters as pH, both tatal and volatile acidity, both acids D and L-lactis, the citric, L-malic and D-gluconic acids, the ethilic alcohol, some simple sugar as glucose, fructose, sucrose and maltose. It was remarked that the largest part of phenomena of microbic and biochemical nature, happen in the first period (15 dais), at the latest within the first month since the fermentation began, but still after this period, it is possible te eat this food row, as it happens for other food more known for the reason that supply a microbic probiotic charge, like yogurt and other fermented milks. If it is instead in a traditional way, by cooking it, the consequence is the losing ofactivity both for enzymes and microbic charge present; this process takes away the possibility to use ite beneficial regulating functions of the gastrointestinal microbic charge. L'evolution biochimique et microbiologique qui a lieu lors de la fermentation anaerobie du chou dans la fabrication de la choucroute est etudiee. Les plus grands changements ont lieu dans les 15 premiers jours a un mois apres le debut de la fementation. Le produit peut etre mange cru pendant cette periode, il est alors tres riche en probiotiques. La cuisson, mode de preparation classique, ne permet pas de conserver les proprietes probiotiques.


This modern, comprehensive, dense, and beautifully presented book has one goal: to make explicit the mechanistic organic chemistry underlying fundamental biochemical pathways. In this effort it succeeds admirably.


As in other fruit species, the architectural development of mango tree, defined as the natural characteristics of growth and branching, is likely to be dependent on the cultivar and may influence flowering and fruiting. In this paper, we focused on the effect of previous flowering and fruiting on the branching pattern, defined as the total number of new shoots borne by a parent growth unit, of seven mango cultivars: Cogshall, Irwin, Jose, Kensington Pride, Kent, Nam Doc Mal and Tommy Atkins. Branching density was determined on 2-year-old trees, before the first flowering and fruiting, and was determined again on these trees after the vegetative growth following harvest. Sequential branching, on the terminal parent growth units, and reiteration on older growth units were then considered. Branching density before the first flowering differed among cultivars. Tommy Atkins and Irwin branched poorly, whereas Nam Doc Mal branched profusely. The studied cultivars had different behaviour with respect to sequential branching and reiteration. Sequential branching was the main branching process after the first harvest and was affected by flowering and by fruit load. Reiteration was poor, except for Tommy Atkins and Irwin. Branching and its relationship with flowering appear as interesting fields of investigation for a better understanding and control of flowering and alternate bearing. (Resume d'auteur)


ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Interest in the issue of childhood autism has surged in the recent decades. At the same time, despite the significant progress achieved in understanding the etiological and pathogenetic aspects of the condition, effective ways to treat it have continued to elude us. Stem cell therapy appears to hold great promise in the treatment and rehabilitation of patients with both neurological diseases (cerebral palsy, hydrocephalus) and mental disorders (autism, schizophrenia).
METHODS: This article presents a case report describing the use of nucleated cord blood cells in a patient with regressive autism and resistance to standard therapies. The childs condition was assessed before treatment and 6 and 12 months after.
RESULTS: Clinical observation, psychometric, and instrumental diagnostic methods led to a significant improvement in the childs condition in the form of perception development, reduction of somatosensory disorders, normalization of emotional status, and a development of social and communication skills.
CONCLUSION: We assume that the result obtained may be associated with the normalization of the immunological status of our patient thanks to the cord blood cells therapy and consider it necessary to conduct further studies into the effectiveness of the method, taking the pathogenic mechanisms of autism into account.


more perilous inbreeding becomes. Likewise, the importance of altruism varies remarkably under different ecological and economic conditions and in different cultures. On the other hand, Signorini misunderstands completely the spirit of my work when he requests me to explain "in terms of altruism" the marriage distinction between patrilateral crosscousins and matrilateral ones. I have never claimed to explain all the forms of kinship and, in particular, all the forms of preferential and prescriptive marriage in those terms. As regards the distinction between the two kinds of cross-cousins, in my reply to the first comments received I expressed my agreement with the explanation given by Fox (1967:221): matrilateral cross-cousin marriage is often preferred and sometimes the only one practicable because in many societies women tend to marry earlier than men. This is a fact susceptible to a precise sociobiological interpretation because the "reproductive value," a measure of expected future fertility (Fisher 1930), varies at different rates in men and women as years go by (Hartung 1977, 1982). For a correct sociobiological interpretation of the forms of kinship in primitive societies, I think it is necessary to work out a multidimensional model. Besides "altruism" and the ill effects of inbreeding, which I have particularly considered in my paper, focused on the origin of the family, other factors are to be taken into account, among them "parental investment" (Trivers 1972), the different "genetic strategies" (Trivers 1972) of males and females, and their different "reproductive values" (Hartung 1977, 1982). I would like to stress, moreover, that sociobiology is not (or at least should not be) a unilateral biological interpretation of social behaviour and social organization, but "the application of modern evolutionary biology" (Barkow 1978) to this field. In this light selection is the main key, but we must not forget that it implies a compromise among numerous factors (not only biological, but also ecological, economic, cultural, psychological, etc.), the importance of which varies considerably at different levels of social development and under many conditions of different kinds. Therefore anthropologists and sociologists must know sociobiology, but to do their work well they must avoid reducing the analysis to it. Their "synthesis," in other words, must always be much larger than Wilson's (1975, 1978), which permits the formulation only of very poor and often very dubious statements on "human nature" and human society.


Stress has become a major concern of the modern life as it can cause harm to employee's health and performance. As constant demands by huma n produces pressure that is stress. Stress is therefore a natural and unavoidable in today's highly challenging world. Main objective of this research paper is to explore causes of workplace stress. Another purpose is to find out psychological effect of stress on co-operative bank employees and stress levels. For the study researcher has collected data from 113 employees working with six different co -operative banks in Satara city. Stress levels are evaluated by using Occupational Stress Index.It was found that there is significant positive relationship between employees stress level and psychological effects like anger, unease, nervousness.


The investigation of the doctrinal, as well as of the sodal and organizaticmal aspects of political movements is one of the tasks of the political sodologist The study of tiie role played by die positivist thought in the early years of the Third Republic might help us to darify some aspects of the relationship between the world (rf politics and diat of science and modem philosophy. Some contemporary students of the history of political ideas, for instance F. A. Hayek, assert that political movements guided by doctrines of a scientific character, such as Comte's Positivism, are bound to end up in authoritarianism.' But it seems to me that the investigation of the field of Comte's itifiuence disproves this contentioiL Many followers, cH the Comtist philosophy succeeded in reconciling Comte's basic teachings with a demand for liberal and democratic institutions.Already during the eighteen fifdes an increasing number of positivists who had accepted Comte's theory of knowledge, his hierarchy of sdences and his philosophy of history but rejected his political and rdigious condusions, joined the democratic opposition to Napoleon III.


It is the terminal goal of most teachers especially our college teachers to foster students'life-long learning ability.Yet,in spite of the great efforts we've made the result is no less than satisfactory due to the complex process.Based on the teaching practice and students'language ability the thesis aims at discussing the objective and typical factors leading to the failure.In addition,solutions and the orientation for improvement are also proposed.


The current study explored study skills utilized by students across post-secondary academic levels. Participants ranged from bachelors, masters, post-graduate to doctoral levels. One hundred and forty eight students from a private university in the Northeast completed a survey which assessed participants' self-reported frequency of use of textbook skills, note taking, memory, test preparation, concentration, and time management. Textbook skills, p<.01 and time management skills, p<.05 were found to be positively correlated with class level. The results indicated that more advanced students more frequently utilized time management and textbook skills; however students at all levels might benefit from direct instruction on other effective study skills. Implications for the study are discussed.


A sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed for the determination of four anticoagulant rodenticide residues (warfarin, coumatetralyl, crimidine, and bromadiolone) in foodstuffs and body fluids. The conditions of accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) and HPLC were optimized. Good linearity was achieved with a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.9999. The limits of quantification for the four rodenticides ranged from 2.2 μg kg−1 (crimidine) to 13 μg kg−1 (bromadiolone) for solid samples and from 0.02 μg mL−1 (crimidine) to 0.15 μg mL−1 (bromadiolone) for liquid samples. The intra- and inter-day relative standard deviations (RSDs) of the four analytes at two spiked levels were in the range of 0.3–1.1% and 0.5–1.6%, respectively. The mean recoveries for warfarin, coumatetralyl, crimidine, and bromadiolone at the two spiked levels were in the range of 94–106% with RSDs of 0.3–1.1% for the rice and corn samples, and 87–108% with RSDs of 0.3–0.8% for the whole blood and urine samples. The proposed method has characteristics of high precision, sensitivity and accuracy as well as low consumption of the reagents. The proposed HPLC method was successfully applied for the analysis of the four anticoagulant rodenticides in rice, corn, whole blood, and urine samples.


The literature typically assumes that an FMS consists of a number of machines of different processing capability. Furthermore, in view of the inherent flexibility of an FMS, many researchers believe that 'flexible' implies that a wide variety of parts can be, and should be, processed simultaneously in an FMS. To do otherwise will inevitably mean some machines are idle and hence the FMS may become a tremendous waste. This paper is an attempt to study this issue. Unlike a job shop, which is typically an eclectic collection of machines of different process capabilities, most flexible manufacturing systems consist of only one or two types of versatile programmable machines. We contend that the FMS machines are analogous to the multi-skilled workers in lean production. In lean production, workers work in teams. It is common for each team to work on one job at a time, from start to finish. Jobs are not passed around from worker to worker. Likewise, machines in an FMS can be assigned into 'teams', where each 'team' is dedicated to process a single part type (or family) at a time. Parts do not necessarily have to move from machine to machine in a job shop manner.


Combined with constructive practice of dealing with high side slop of sand road trench in No.6A section of Yunsan Highway,it introduces in detail the application of anchor fixation technology in dealing with high side slope of sand road trench, which effectively ensures quality of side slope pretection project.


Mobile phones are an information technology that has profoundly changed all spheres of modern societies from education to health, government, business, entertainment and to relationships. Alongside those changes, there has been a lot of buzz about mobile phone-generated development among rural populations in developing countries. However, literature on mobile phones abounds with anecdotes. And little to no systematic research examines the effects of mobile phones upon individuals on the one hand and rural populations on the other. The present doctoral study assesses the ways in which mobiles phones produce development in Africa, specifically among corn growers in the Congo. To this end, the study undertakes qualitative research, with a view on ethnography to drill deeper into the lives of rural societies. The study uses Sen's capability approach to trace the usages of mobile phones. Findings show increasing research silos and a stark disconnect between mobile phones and the real world of rural populations. The study advocates for more synergies between scholars, and calls information science to a tighter grasp of mobile phone effects in rural settings.


Toni Cortes' involvement in this work was financially supported by the Spanish National Government (financial grant SEV2015-0493 of Severo Ochoa program), the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (contract TIN2015-65316), and the Government of Catalonia (contract 2014-SGR-1051).Fernando G. Tinetti's involvement in this work was financially supported by Universidad de La Plata (Faculty of Informatics) and the Scientific Research Board (CIC, for its Spanish initials) of Buenos Aires, Argentina.


The present invention generally relates to systems, methods and kits for detecting and measuring the spectral properties of light from the sample simultaneously or the spectral properties of each sample scalable light detection and measurement of samples from among a plurality of presence, wherein the system comprising: optical train comprises a dispersive element; and an image sensor. Light Detection and measurement may include a light scattered from the sample, as the light emitted by the chemiluminescent chemical processes within the sample, selective absorption by the sample of light, or light from a fluorescent sample after excitation emitted.


This study aims to describe Teacher Difficulties in Applying Learning Models based on the 2013 Curriculum at SDN 13 Belutu. This type of research is descriptive qualitative research. The subjects of this study were the principal and 3 classroom teachers at SDN 13 Belutu. Data collection techniques used are interviews, observation and documentation. The data analysis technique uses the Milles and Huberman model with stages, data reduction, data presentation, and concluding. The results showed that at SDN 13 Belutu the teacher had implemented a learning model that was by the 2013 curriculum. The learning model used by the teacher was the Discovery Learning model and the Problem Based Learning model. The teacher's difficulty in applying the Discovery Learning learning model is the use of time. Because during the Covid-19 pandemic, the learning time is very short compared to before the pandemic. Furthermore, the difficulty of the teacher in applying the Problem Based Learning model is that the teacher has difficulty in allocating time and determining problems that are by the learning material when they want to use the Problem Based Learning model. And the last is the teacher's difficulty in implementing the Project-Based Learning model. The teacher has difficulty in determining the material and choosing the right time so the teacher does not use the Project-Based Learning model in the learning process.


Abstract Methoxy-p-benzoquinone and methoxyhydroquinone were reacted with-hydrogen peroxide in the presence of either Na5 DTPA/Mg2+ or silicate/Mg2+ stabilization systems. The conditions used approximated those in the technical bleaching process, and the resulting effect on color was ascertained by monitoring the absorbance at 457 nm. The results revealed that the initial color of solutions of the quinone and hydroquinone increased dramatically with the application of relatively small amounts of alkaline peroxide and was "bleached" to its original level only after application of excessively large amounts of this oxidant. Subsequent experimentation, in which the pH of the of the reaction mixture, order of reagent addition and mixing regimen were varied, provided evidence suggesting that the observed increase in "color" on alkaline peroxide treatment of the quinone was attributable to alkali-promoted condensation reactions, the products of which were only partly decolorized through action of the peroxide. T...


representatives to oppose any further state grants to the Queen's Colleges, but he also intimated that Gerald Molloy, rector of the Catholic University, had avoided contact (the relevant sentence is omitted without note in Professor Larkin's quotation from the letter), thus concealing the fact that Molloy had written to Parnell himself before the discussion in the House of Commons. As Walsh and Molloy were hand in glove over the campaign against the Queen's Colleges it is unlikely that the former was unaware of his colleague's intervention. Neither was ParnelPs action unsupported. The end result was, of course, the vice-regal commission of May 1884, unmentioned in this study. The success of the Parnellites in extracting this inquiry was of considerable significance in forming the climate of opinion prior to the famous October resolution. And so to Home Rule, on which issue many of the bishops were equivocal if tactically silent. In January 1885 Manning found Croke's conception of an Irish legislature to be 'essentially modest' (p. 281). When Gladstone's conversion was announced there was little they could do but acquiesce in Walsh's previous public declaration that an educational wedge could not be driven between the Church and the party. Walsh is rightly shown to have had immense personal influence, but it would have merited a concluding remark that after the collapse of the Liberal administration some of the more conservative bishops recovered their nerve and in the autumn of 1886 forced him to retract a similar blunt statement of that policy. If this over-steps the central concern of the book, a sequel is undoubtedly merited in the five volume project upon which Professor Larkin originally embarked. Clearly there was a fundamental shift in the political oudook of the Irish bishops between 1878 and 1886. However, the present epilogue that it was the Church's influence which prevented a future Irish state ' from being eventually turned into the worst kind of autocracy by either the leader or the party' (p. 396) is a proposition requiring a much less colourful proof than is offered here. Though the design is striking, the 'mosaic' pattern is incomplete.


Observations of high-redshift quasars show that the intergalactic medium (IGM) must have been reionized at some redshift z > 5. If a source of radiation could be observed at the rest-frame Lyα wavelength, at a sufficiently high redshift where some of the IGM in the line of sight was not yet reionized, the Gunn-Peterson trough should be present. Longward of the Lyα wavelength, a damping wing should be observed, caused by the neutral IGM whose absorption profile can be predicted. Measuring the shape of this damping wing would provide irrefutable evidence of the observation of the IGM before reionization and a determination of the density of the neutral IGM. This measurement might be hindered by the possible presence of a dense absorption system associated with the source. Shortward of the Lyα wavelength, absorption should be seen from the patchy structure of the IGM in the process of reionization, intersected in the line of sight. We show that a complete Gunn-Peterson trough is most likely to continue to be observed through the epoch where the IGM is partially ionized. The damping wings of the neutral patches around an ionized region should overlap in the spectrum if the proper path length through the ionized region is less than 1 h-1 Mpc; even in larger ionized regions, the characteristic background intensity should be low enough to yield a very high optical depth due to the residual neutral fraction, although occasionally some flux may be transmitted through large, underdense voids within an ionized region. In the case of the He II reionization, the ionization fronts are much thicker than in the case of hydrogen, and the profile of this front determines the shape of the absorption at the edge of a He III region. Analogous to the case of hydrogen, windows of transmitted flux are not likely to be observed until after the low-density IGM has been completely reionized. Therefore, the observation of these transmission windows by Reimers et al. at z ≃ 2.85 suggests that the helium reionization was complete by this redshift. The recently discovered afterglows of gamma-ray bursts might soon be observed at the very high redshifts required for these observations. Their featureless continuum spectrum and high luminosities make them ideal sources for studying absorption by the IGM.


The atomic-beam magnetic resonance method was used to measure the spins of neutron-deficient polonium isotopes with the following results for mass number, half-life, and spin, respectively: 201, 18 m, and 3/2; 202, 43 m, and 0; 203, 12 m, and 5/2; 204, 3.6 h, and 0; 205, 1.8 h, and 5/2; 206, 8.8 d, and 0; 207, 5.7 h, and 5/2; and the atomic g-factor of polonium g/sub j/ = 1.39609 plus or minus 0.00004. There is some uncertainty as to the spin 0 assignments. For very small hfs, the resonance frequencies for spins other than zero are nearly identical to the transition frequency for spin 0. For that reason an upper limit for the magnetic dipole interaction constant was calculated under the assumption that the spin is one. (auth)


man's method of dynamic programming, we define the -value function to be an approximation to the value function being a solution to the Hamilton-Jacobi equation. The paper shows an approach that can be used to construct an algorithm for calculating the values of an -value function at given points, thus approximating the respective values of the value function.


Training a fully convolutional network for semantic segmentation typically requires a large, labeled dataset with little label noise if good generalization is to be guaranteed. For many segmentation problems, however, data with pixelor voxel-level labeling accuracy are scarce due to the cost of manual labeling. This problem is exacerbated in domains where manual annotation is difficult, resulting in large amounts of variability in the labeling even across domain experts. Therefore, training segmentation networks to generalize better by learning from both labeled and unlabeled images (called semi-supervised learning) is problem of both practical and theoretical interest. However, traditional semi-supervised learning methods for segmentation often necessitate hand-crafting a differentiable regularizer specific to a given segmentation problem, which can be extremely time-consuming. In this work, we propose "supervision by denoising" (SUD), a framework that enables us to supervise segmentation models using their denoised output as targets. SUD unifies temporal ensembling and spatial denoising techniques under a spatio-temporal denoising framework and alternates denoising and network weight update in an optimization framework for semi-supervision. We validate SUD on three tasks— kidney and tumor (3D), and brain (3D) segmentation, and cortical parcellation (2D)—demonstrating a significant improvement in the Dice overlap and the Hausdorff distance of segmentations over supervised-only and temporal ensemble baselines.


Introduction
Hepatitis B (HBV) and Hepatitis C (HCV) are two common viral infections causing cirrhosis.

Aim
The aim of this study was to find the seroprevalence of HBV and HCV along with occurrence of co-infection of HBV and HCV in patients attending a tertiary care hospital.

Materials and Methods
The study was done for a period of one year (January to December 2016) in the Department of Microbiology, Medical College, Kolkata. After obtaining ethical clearance and informed consent from the patients, serum samples were collected from all patients referred to Department of Microbiology for antibody to HCV and Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) screening. ELISA was performed for anti HCV antibody and HBsAg. The results and relevant clinical information were noted and analysis was done.

Results
A total of 10802 samples were received, of which 316 (2.92 %) were HBsAg positive, 115 (1.06%) were HCV antibody positive and a total of 7 (0.07%) patients were positive both for HBsAg and Anti HCV antibody. There was male preponderance. Anti HCV antibody was more common in age below 10 years and in thalassemia patients. Out of 7 patients positive for both, 5 patients were on regular blood transfusion due to beta thalassemia and 2 patients had history of chronic liver disease.

Conclusion
In this study, it was found that there was seroprevalence of 2.92 % of HBsAg, 1.06% of HCV antibody and 0.07% positive both for HBsAg and HCV antibody among the patients of a tertiary care centre in Eastern India.


The paper is concerned with the motion of a point electric charge in de Sitter spacetime. A point particle of mass m and charge q moving on a geodesic curve produces electromagnetic field that diverges at a particle's position. The field is determined by the electromagnetic Green's function by Higuchi and Lee (2008 Phys. Rev. D 78 084031). The self-force contains both divergent and finite terms, and the latter are responsible for the radiation reaction. Our derivation of an effective equations of motion is based on conservation laws corresponding to the group of isometry of de Sitter space. The Nöther quantities consist of particle's individual characteristics and energy, momentum, and angular momentum carried by particle's electromagnetic field. Following the Detweiler–Whiting concept that a charge's motion should only be enforced by the regular component of its own field, we ignore the divergent terms in conservation laws. We assume that the divergencies are absorbed by particle's individual characteristics within the renormalization procedure. Finite radiative terms together with kinematic particle's characteristics constitute ten conserved quantities of closed particle plus field system. Their differential consequences yield the effective equations of motion of radiating charge in an external electromagnetic field and gravitation. Contributions to already renormalized particle's four-momentum and its inertial mass originated from electromagnetic field and background gravity are also derived from ten balance equations.


The primary goal of this chapter is to examine the possibilities and effects of applying the principles of distributed leadership model and AI's approach positive stance into different educational contexts. Since there is a great need in Croatian school systems today to reform, the motivation for this case study is to point out that such reformation can occur from within: with a positive and collaborative inquiry that embraces shared leadership and taps into the answers that are already in the system. The presented case study shows AI approach as a shift of the focus away from problems, flaws, or weaknesses and toward the strengths of the group and their work, as identified by the involved participants themselves. The ultimate goal is to examine the powerful effects of AI to create change from within as well as to point out how the principles of distributed leadership contribute to the harmonious collaborative relationships, effective defining and implementing change and finding sustainable and creative solutions for efficient functioning of the modern and sustainable school.


Few data are available on the distribution of tick species in Gabon. We report the results of a survey of ticks collected from wild and domestic animals, and in the environment, in several regions of Gabon. We identified four tick species for the first time in Gabon, namely Haemaphysalis paralaechi, Ixodes aulacodi, Rhipicephalus annulatus and Rhipicephalus simpsoni and we report 28 tick species for this country