While many institutions are feverishly designing and assembling distance-learning courses for delivery of offsite degree programs, even more are wondering how best to create and execute technology plans for their residential campuses. Planning and implementing a sustainable infrastructure requires a widely shared vision that speaks directly to your mission, plenty or money and strong leadership that ranges from student ranks up through your board of trustees. Disciplines Adult and Continuing Education | Communication | Education | Online and Distance Education Comments This document is provided for download by permission of the publisher. Permission documentation is on file. This article is available at eCommons: https://ecommons.udayton.edu/cmm_fac_pub/49 Technology----------------------f Planning for Technology-Enhanced LearniNg on Residential Campuses by Thomas Skill, Ph. D. -.~ile many insti:tutiom; (1:r( reVel\.. ishly designing and assembling diMance-learning courses for delivery of oft~site degree progmms, even mOre arc wondering how best' to create and execute technology plans for their residential C(lmpuses. Pbnning (lnd implementing a t:iU1:i~ tainable infra,tructme requires a widely shared vision th"t speaks directly to your mission, plenty or money and ,trong kldcrship that ranges from' student ranks up through your board of tru,tees. Develop a Compelling Vision Installing technology without having widespread support for" dt'iving vision Ihal 'peaks to the goab of your institution will likd y he greeted with cynicism and criticism. Develop" compelling vision that 'demonstrates how technology will help achieve mission-centw,d goals. O,lt· vision at tk University of . Dayton, Ohio, focu1:ied on using technology to enhance and sustain (jUJ' residential learning C0111ffitmit.y. Use Credible External Endorsements . Involve comlnunity and al umnf expert) in making the case for needed technology. Your vision for technology is more likely to be entertained if it is suppOlted by respcCl:cd outSiders. Tn addi{..lon, internal promoter::; tend· to increatic .the anxiety levels of some tlnancial ::ldT~inistra t.or's, while outside expelts can soolhe Iho," ConcernS. We began Ollt' vision and planning process wit.h one of our alumni advbory council::;, which became a proactive force for change. Stories ThatTouch Home The difference between good planning and great planning is that grea t planning ties examples to both the project vision and irilpkment.a-. lion. Collect examples of how sl\1dents ,mel faculty on campus have been personally touched by " technology-enhanced learning experience: When critics begin to point out tlaws in your vision Or logistical missteps, the examples are powerful allies th;ll: belp motivate folks .to '~stay the cOl..use.)) Bold change, no matter how hTlport.ant. or consistent with yOllt' im;titution't) value system, is a disruption. Stories abouL pcople SllTviviog 01' thriving on change can ease the stre". In our campus media and presentations, we told tecbnology MKcess st.olies. One' of our mot::lt powerful is the ,tory of a history professor who created an dcctronic discussion list that connected his students with alumni who were veterans of World Wilr IT, Korea and Vietnam. Few wOllld question the wilue or thi" rorm of technologyenhanced learning. Avoid the "Big Technology Solution" Enhancing learning, bUilding career skills, increasing productivity ,lYld reducing costs using technology are componenTS of most visions. These are not ont:~sj7.e-fits-all concepts. The solutions for your cam~ pus will vary by departments and by faculty. The greatest effecm of networked and distributed computing technologies are found in the cumu·" blive impact of many small uses by individlJais for differentpurposes. Many of the most useful and powerful "pplk<llions of networked computers are also nlthcr simple e-mail, Web sites 1 discussion fomms, Some faculty use Web-hased resource::; to develop st.udents' research skills. Some utie dbcussion 12 August 99 / COLLEGE PLANNING & MANAGEMEN"r " \ fonmlS to initbte d,WSfOOITl ddxHet) or as a means of bringing experts into the dat::l::;fOom. You Can't Over·Train Gelling people up to speed on new applications is a huge challenge much bigger th.n building the iTlfrastructure. Faculty and staff need mliltiple methods and opportunities to learn how to usc t.hese new syst.errls. One-an-one training is ahuosl always the hest. Group training, drop-in op(:h access training, video, Cll-ROM and Web-based' module, abo work well. If you can get to the point where ,faculty and students can help each other, then you will take a lot of pressure off your heip desk and training staff. We are developing incentives for faculty to become lead trainers in rheir depattments. Snldent training is abo ::1 focus. We are creating a live cable TV call-in show that will blend humor with training tips. This system will reach 87 percent of our students. Measure the Outcomes Universities are phH.:es ..for crit.ical evaluation. As you lall11ch the technology, welcome a variety of evaluations from narmtivc experiences to metric-based assessments of learning out.comes l prodllctivity changes and cost. comparisons. Technology champions swim against the current lIntil they rlln out of energy or you run out of money. The technology planner's mission is to facilitate the appropriate integration of technology into the curriculum so that it becorne~ s<.::lf"sust::lining before that happens: .l. thomas Skili, Ph.D.! is as~'i.J·latit provost 1'01' #cademic technoloxy at the University of Dayton, Ohio. Hr; can he reached at <~'kilt@u(t.tyton.edlf>.


The traditional E-learning system is limited with monitoring attention level of students. The online instructor cannot monitor whether the students remain focus during online autonomous learning. Along with the attention, emotions are also intrinsically related to the way that individuals interact with each other as well as machines. The behavior and emotions can be better understood by a human being to improve the communication but a machine cannot. This gives rise to lack of interest and knowledge gain. To overcome this limitation of the traditional E-learning system EEG sensors are been introduced. Using, EEG we can detect the emotion of the user, by actually looking inside the users brain to check user's mental state and signal waves are generated accordingly as the output which can be used to improve users learning experience. The proposed system is a smart E-learning system which predicts the video based on emotion. The system uses Neurosky Brainwave detector and Random forest Classification method to classify the waves to predict appropriate emotions.


In order to early growing ginger with high yield,three different ways of sowing on ridges(CK),sowing on ridges with plastic mulch(Way 1),and deep sowing in level row with plastic mulch(Way 2)were tested.The results showed that the harvest date of Way 2 was earlier than that of CK(27 d)and Way 1(62 d),and that the ginger output value increased 100.2 % and 199.2 % respectively.


The use of clays for adsorption of heavy metals in wastewater has been studied in many trials because of numerous technical and economic advantages. This work aimed to evaluate the removal of nickel and zinc in fixed bed column. The experiments for the removal of nickel and zinc were conducted at room temperature (20 oC - 25 oC), pH adjusted at 4.5, weight of 15.5 g calcined clay,with an average diameter of 0.855mm, feeding flow rate 4 mL/min and concentration of the solution of metal between 0.5 meq/L to 4 meq/L. The Langmuir, Freundlich, Langmuir-Freundlich, Radke-Prausnitz, Redlich-Peterson, Sips and Toth models were fitted to equilibrium data, and the Langmuir model provided the best fit for adsorption isotherms.


Recently Lacey extended Chanillo's boundedness result of commutators with fractional integrals to a higher parameter setting. In this paper, we extend Lacey's result to higher dimensional spaces by a different method. Our method is in terms of the dual relationship between product BMO and product Hardy space and the maximal function characterization of product Hardy spaces obtained by S.‐Y.Chang and R. Fefferman. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


Respiratory motion is a major limiting factor for spectral quality and duration of in vivo proton MR spectroscopy of the heart. Prospective navigator gating is frequently applied to minimize the effects of respiratory motion, but scan durations are subject‐dependent and hence difficult to predict.


Here we provide a brief overview on smart materials, products and systems, from smart materials and their classification up to structured systems. We present a brief revision of smart building solutions and their combination of those creating a tendency towards buildings that may be considered smart as a whole. Also, of current smart solutions that respond to the environment, and whose smartness resides in the design of the systems along with the selection of adequate materials. The buildings' skins, for example, are configured in such a way that they respond to the environment. To conclude, we will make a proposal on applications in the shape of charts of materials, products and systems for architecture and construction


ABSTRACT Bullying, cyberbullying, and sexual harassment are violent phenomena that co-occur in adolescence and across the lifespan. Exploring the common and differential factors of these interpersonal aggressions is essential to decreasing violence in schools. The present study built upon previous literature on the subject, including the moderating role of gender. Specifically, this study analyzed the role of moral disengagement, peer group pressure, anger management and empathy on bullying, cyberbullying, and sexual harassment aggression. In total, 897 Spanish adolescent students (50.10% girls) between 15 and 18 years old (M = 15.50, SD = 0.68) participated in a cross-sectional survey. Results showed that bullying, cyberbullying, and sexual harassment were all correlated. Greater levels of moral disengagement, peer group pressure, and lower anger management predicted all three types of aggressive behavior. Affective empathy was only related to sexual harassment. Multiple Group Analysis indicated no differences regarding associated factors on the basis of gender. Knowing the common and differential factors of these three types of interpersonal violence is crucial to comprehensively develop cross-cutting programs to address violence in schools.


The objective of this research is to determine the relationship between the size and shape of coal and petroleum macromolecules and their diffusion rates i.e., effective diffusivities, in catalyst pore structures. That is, how do the effective intrapore diffusivities depend on molecule configuration and pore geometry. The research is divided into the following tasks: (1) relationship between effective intrapore diffusion coefficients, molecular size and pore geometry; (2) effects of solvent composition, solute concentration, and temperature on the molecular configuration and diffusion rate of coal and petroleum asphaltenes in catalysts pore; and (3) assessment of diffusional limitations in aged catalysts. This quarter, the GPC column efficiency was rechecked by using acetone injection. The calibration curve for the GPC was rechecked through polystyrene standards with narrow molecular weight distributions. Some experiments on adsorption and diffusion of coal asphaltenes through porous catalysts were performed. The asphaltenes were grouped into nine fractions with the concentration being determined via GPC. It was found that the uptake rate for one asphaltene fraction is different from those for other fractions. Comparison of experimental uptake data shows a difference in hindered diffusion behavior between petroleum asphaltenes and coal asphaltenes.


This volume, comprised of authors from the U.S., Canada, Africa, and Europe, centers on the development, transformation, and role of geographic /regional economies-- specifically in the globalized, post-2009 era. The authors address topics that every region must consider in responding to idea age, globally competitive, regionally driven economies.


The Dolomia Principale formation is a 1000-m-thick carbonate platform organized in peritidal shallowing-upwards cycles. Since 1985, when the first Italian dinosaur trackways were discovered on a block at Mt. Pelmetto, it has revealed to us many other sites bearing numerous tracks of tetrapods, often of dinosaurs. All these footprints, with the exception of the Mt. Pasubio, occur in isolated blocks, which only seldom can be set back to their original stratigraphical position, thus preventing accurate dating. The discovery of conodonts on the Mt. Pasubio site allowed a precise dating of the surface as uppermost Alaunian to lower Sevatian (Middle-Upper Norian), encouraging the research of microfossils in the isolated blocks as well. Unfortunately, no conodonts were found in the fallen boulders. Nonetheless, some holothurian sclerites, despite their weak stratigraphical resolution, revealed an early Norian age, which matches both the supposed stratigraphical position and the footprint-based dating of the isolated blocks of Mt. Pelmetto. Moreover, the holothurian sclerites permitted to constrain the new blocks discovered on Mt. Moiazza as roughly late Carnian/early Norian age, comparable to the Mt. Pelmetto boulders. Thus, while and biostratigraphical data, it is possible to recognize at least two periods when dinosaurs could have walked along the Dolomia Principale tidal-flats, that is, the late Carnian/early Norian (Mt. Pelmetto, Mt. Moiazza) and the middle/late Norian (Mt. Pasubio).


The 10 th generation International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF-10) model has been exploited to predict the geomagnetic elements and annual changes for Nigeria. The predicted values represent the mean for the year 2009.0 at altitude 0.00km.The predicted total intensity (F), horizontal intensity (H), declination (D), and the inclination (I) are compatible with values at magnetic equator where Nigeria is located. This approach of isolating the regional background field is consistent, globally accepted and serves as an important source of information about magnetic fields in Nigeria. The geomagnetic elements will be useful for geomagnetisians who are interested in isolating regional magnetic field from observed data and for exploration geophysicist whose interest is locating magnetic anomalies.


The COnVERSA test (Test di Comprensione delle Opposizioni morfo-sintattiche VERbali attraverso la ScritturA) is a tool for grammatical competence assessment in Italian. It uses informal grammaticality (binary) judgments on written linguistic minimal pairs and it has been developed for testing deaf children, for which no suitable comprehension test was available. Here we discuss the results obtained both from a normally developing hearing children group (NC, 6-10 y.o.) and a deaf children population (DF, 7-16 y.o.). We will focus on children's minimal morphosyntactic pairs sensitivity in three domains: (i) argument structure, (ii) question formation, and (iii) pronominal usage. We will then compare these results with those obtained on agreement-based dependencies (Chesi et al., 2023). Our findings support a complexity metric, based on two structural dimensions (functional height and intervention), which is used to guide a dynamic administration modality, in the end significantly reducing the assessment time without decreasing the discriminative power of the test. Our data confirm the poor discriminative ability of DF (especially those without a cochlear implant) for configurations targeting the highest functional domains and involving intervention.


The influence of molecular oxygen admixture on the vibrational distribution function (VDF) of CO molecules in a dc electric discharge in He : CO : O2 mixtures was studied. It was revealed that for O2 concentrations exceeding 10% of CO content the processes of VV′ exchange between CO and O2 molecules led to essential deformation of the CO VDF shape for vibrational states near v = 20 and higher. The comparison of experimentally measured and theoretically calculated VDFs of CO gave us a chance to realize the verification of CO–O2 VV′ rate constants proposed earlier.


Traditional phased mission system (PMS) requires that mission phases are connected one after another. However, there is a kind of PMS with mission phases that are not connected consecutively because of idle phase existing among them. Component repair can occur in idle phase, but there is no mission requirement in such phase. This is a new kind of PMS that has not been investigated thoroughly in literature. In this paper, mission reliability is defined as the probability that the system successfully complete missions in all phases except in idle phases. By define absorbing states as the failure states corresponding to the systems mission failure, a continuous time Markov chain (CTMC) models are built for each mission phase. The transition probabilities of system states are obtained by solving CTMC models. Based on these probabilities, mission reliability can be calculated for such kind of PMS. Finally, a numerical example is provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.


The rapid economic and social development brings greater pressure to energy,so a lot of countries have invested a lot of manpower and material resources to study energy issues.The urban central heating is the issue related to people's livelihood,so more and more people began to concern about the development of urban central heating.The construction of China's urban central heating has been greatly developed,but there are many problems in the operation.In this regard,the paper,from the development background of urban central heating and the constructive,analyzes some of the problems and puts forward the corresponding measures.


In this work we describe how a message board can be used to teach a number of important concepts in cyber security in a novel and hands-on manner. The message board is used daily in class and serves the routine functions of disseminating information to students, offering a forum for interactive discussions, allowing a convenient method to copy and paste complex expressions, providing a venue for class interaction, permitting archiving of information, and serving as a general blackboard. We use the message board to illustrate and teach important cyber-security concepts and common attacks such as the following: authentication and cookies, cross-site scripting and injection attacks, man-in-the-middle attack on public-key cryptography, password selection, and password-file management. From the student-learning perspective the tool appears to work very well. We hope that others can make use of the message board in their lessons or incorporate parts of it to improve the educational experience of their students. The message board can be integrated seamlessly into a class to enhance hands-on learning.


BCI2000 is a flexible general-purpose platform for brain-computer interface (BCI) research and development that is aimed mainly at reducing the complexity and cost of implementing BCI systems. Since 2000, we have been developing this system in a collaboration between the Wadsworth Center of the New York State Department of Health in Albany, New York, and the Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology at the University of Tubingen, Germany. This system currently is used for a variety of studies in more than 110 laboratories around the world. BCI2000 currently supports a variety of data acquisition systems, brain signals, and feedback modalities and can thus be configured to implement many commonly used BCI systems without any programming. We provide the source code and corresponding documentation with the system to facilitate the implementation of BCI methods that are not supported by the current system. This process, and thus the evaluation of different BCI methods, is further encouraged by the modular design of BCI2000, which is designed such that a change in a module or a component requires little or no change in other modules or components. In summary, by substantially reducing labor and cost, BCI2000 facilitates the implementation of different BCI systems and other psychophysiological experiments. It is available with full documentation and free of charge for research or educational purposes and is currently being used in a variety of studies by many research groups (http://www.bci2000.org).


Color coding in health sector refers to the systematic process of displaying information using different colors for providing assistance in classification and identification. In the public health sector, where the aim is to improve the health indicators of the general population as a whole, application of color coding not only enables diagnosis of important health condition but even serves as a rationale to start an appropriate line of management. Multiple applications of color-coding have been identified in the health sector. However, the colorcoded approach is not fool-proof and has its shortcomings. Moreover, most of these concerns can be resolved by proper sensitization of health professionals and adoption of a standardized color-coding approach universally. In conclusion, color coding in health care has the immense scope to ensure delivery of quality assured services, especially in low resource settings. Nevertheless, there is a crucial need to implement this approach universally to expand its range of benefits to both patients and healthcare professionals.


The invention discloses a synthetic method of herbicide safener isoxadifen-ethyl, the isoxadifen-ethyl is prepared by reaction of 1, 1-diphenyl ethylene and ethyl 2-chloro-2-(hydroxyimino)acetate under the effects of an alkali metal compound. The synthetic method is mild in reaction, simple in operation, high in yield, low in pollution, and easy to industrial production.


Neurally adjusted ventilator assist (NAVA) ventilation is a mode of ventilation that is triggered and cycled by a signal from the electrical activity of the diaphragm (EAdi) to provide a positive pressure breath. The EAdi signal is obtained from an esophageal catheter that is positioned at the level of the diaphragm. The rational of this mode of ventilation is to improve patient–ventilator interaction by matching ventilator support to patient's demand and therefore avoiding hyperventilation and air trapping, and impairment of cardiac output (1). Several studies have shown that NAVA is better tolerated than other modes of mechanical ventilation in infants and children. For instance, premature infants require a lower peak inspiratory pressure (PiP) and a lower fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) and they have a better blood gas regulation at a lower respiratory rate when ventilated with NAVA instead of pressure control (PC) (2). Furthermore, premature infants have a reduction in their respiratory muscle load and a lower PiP when ventilated with NAVA instead of synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation (SIMV) with pressure support (PS) (3). Also, critically ill children are more comfortable when ventilated with NAVA instead of PS. They have a better synchronization with the ventilator, a reduction in their ventilatory drive, and an increase in breath to breath variability while on NAVA (4).


Summary
1. While many studies of flower evolution have relied on the assessment of selection coefficients, these estimates represent correlative evidence of selection. Few studies have combined correlative with experimental evidence, and hence the mechanisms underlying selection processes are not well understood.

2. In this study we quantified the magnitude, direction and form of pollinator-mediated selection acting upon morphological traits in the Chilean endemic orchid Chloraea bletioides. Results revealed strong selection differentials for plant height and flower number, and absence of total selection for morphological flower characters. Multivariate analysis of selection revealed a strong and positive directional selection gradient for flower number.

3. The labellar lobe and flower tube were under negative correlational selection, indicating that selection promoted alternative combinations of traits. Plants with long floral tubes and small labellar lobes, and short floral tubes with large labellar lobes were selected for. Interestingly, selection on flower number increased at a higher rate through the female function than through the male function, which suggests that size-dependent resource limitation may be more important than pollinator-mediated selection for fruit set.

4. In addition to estimates of phenotypic selection, we evaluated through phenotype modification the impact of pollinators on the correlation and potential integration of flower traits coming from different whorls. We removed the tip of the lateral sepals and the labellar lobe in a 2 × 2 factorial design.

5. Results revealed that phenotypic modification had no effect on male and female fitness. The absence of effect was consistent with the low and non-significant selection coefficients. Nevertheless, the observation of significant correlational selection for labellar lobe and flower tube suggests that experimental studies performed on these characters may be of interest to evaluate the functional and adaptive integration of flower design in orchids.


In 1993, the creation of Georgia's HOPE Scholarship Program accelerated interest in understanding the effects of merit-based student financial aid. This article compares a sample of "borderline" HOPE recipients (students just above the eligibility threshold) with similar nonrecipients to examine differences on four college performance outcomes. The HOPE Scholarship recipients accumulated more credit hours, achieved slightly higher grade point averages, and were more likely to have graduated after 4 years of college. In addition, HOPE recipients who attended 4-year institutions of higher education were more likely to persist in college. Most merit aid recipients lost their scholarships, however, which slightly reduced recipients'advantages on grade point average and credit hour accumulation. Differences in persistence and graduation are significant only for those who maintain eligibility for the scholarship, suggesting that scholarship retention is critical if merit aid programs are to help achieve several of the broad goals of higher education.


This research was conducted to identify amplification and attenuation that occur in the soft sediment layer. The softer a surface sediment layer, the greater the amplification value so that the amplitude of the propagating wave will be even greater. This causes the softer surface sediment layer, the value of the wave propagation quality factor is also greater. This data is processed using the HVSR method with 94 data points. The results of this study indicate that the amplification value has a linear relationship with the quality factor owned and inversely proportional to the attenuation.


Since the fi rst centuries of Christianity, De duodecim diebus ueneris has been ascribed to Clement of Rome (1st century); this minor text states the twelve annual Fridays when one has to fast. Apart from the known Italian and English versions, there is evidence of the mediaeval spreading of that short work in Catalan. In this study, seven witnesses are gathered (although one is lost), showing enough textual and content differences to consider them as independent. It is, therefore, a clear example of the so-called "occasional" or "quotidian" translations, which in this case is a brief religious text.


BACKGROUND
Invasive candidiasis is the most important health-care-associated fungal infection worldwide. In the last two decades, the cause of the increase of fungal infections is immunosuppression or serious underlying diseases. Additionally, Rhodotorula species, Blastoschizomyces capitatus, and Trichosporon species are emerging as important human pathogens in immunocompromised patients with hematological malignancy.

METHODS
Between January 2012 and January 2018, a total of 603 fungal organisms were isolated from blood culture samples and included in the study. All of the isolates were identified by using standard mycological methods, MALDI TOF MS system, and the Phoenix system. Sequence analysis was performed on yeasts that could not be definitively identified by using SMM and incompatible according to the results with Phoenix and MALDI-TOF MS analysis.

RESULTS
603 fungal isolates including 594 Candida spp. and 9 other yeasts like species were analyzed. C. albicans was the most frequently isolated species. The results of identification by conventional methods and MALDI TOF MS were compared to the results of the Phoenix system. The observed concordance was 99.2%. The compatibility with other systems of the Phoenix system was 100%, 100%, 97.3%, 100%, and 96.9% for C. albicans, C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis, C. glabrata, and C. krusei, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS
The BD Phoenix system was found to be a simple, reliable, and effective method to identify the main species of the genus Candida in our study.


The agitation led by Anna Hazare has focussed on the formation of a Lok Pal to address the issue of corruption. Some data on the existing systems of identifying and prosecuting cases of corruption against public officials are presented. URL: [http://www.prsindia.org/administrator/uploads/general/1302269425~~Vital%20Stats%20-%20Corruption%20cases%20against%20government%20officials%2008Apr11.pdf].


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to propose the important principles for successful CRM analytics (aCRM) in organizations.Design/methodology/approach – The paper employs the approach of identifying the major critical business information needed for aCRM in organizations. The approach to identify the critical business is based on the cross‐pollination of information related to aCRM. Analyzing aCRM from the hybrid blends of business sources provides a clear understanding in a more realist dimension.Findings – The paper finds that knowing what to capture is fundamental to business alignment of aCRM in a typical business environment.Practical implications – The successful implementation of the principles of aCRM will help organizations to measure the effectiveness of their direct marketing activities.Originality/value – The chosen research strategy was to survey aCRM in organizations that are being incorporated worldwide and analyze their content, looking for similarities and complementarities in their ...


The article deals with the study on the impact of slopes of different exposures on soft spring wheat plants' predisposition to root rots, crop yielding and grain quality. The experiments were carried out on the experimental plots of Aksenovsky Agricultural College and the fields of the adjoining farms of Alsheevsky district in 2010-2011, the years that were characterized with highly contrasting weather conditions. The object of the studies was the slopes of the southern, northern, eastern and western exposures. A flattened land plot was used as the control one. As result of studies it has been established that spring wheat growing on sloping lands is affected by root rots at 1.34-1.67 times more often than wheat growing on flat land plots, as to its yielding it is at 6.4-38.0 % lower. The highest spread of infection and reduced grain yields have been observed on the fields of the top and bottom parts of the slope, especially of the northern exposure. It is ascertained that on the BugulminoBelebeevsky hill it is more efficient to sow wheat in the middle part of the slope, this allows obtaining of grain yields at the rate of 22.9-26.6 cwt/ha, which is at 1.5-18.3% more than on the upper and lower parts of the hill. Besides, the content of crude gluten in grain is increased and the quality of grain is being improved. This can be explained by the fact that the middle part of the slope contains a greater amount of accessible chemical elements in soil and the waterair regime of this slope territory is more favorable as well.


Although faculty are most accustomed to teaching semester-long traditional courses, they are encountering an increasing number of situations in which they must teach "courses" of only a few hours that are intended to give others a "flavor" of the discipline. Such situations include alumni events, orientation activities for incoming or potential students, and community outreach programs. In many disciplines, faculty can rely on participants' academic or basic skills (e.g., how to dissect an argument; basic laboratory skills). In computer science, faculty must accept not only a lack of basic skill in the discipline, but also a potential gap in knowledge of what the study of computer science entails.This paper explores the design of one such introductory experience, which is held in two two-hour sections for selected incoming science students at Grinnell College. The course emphasizes hands-on discovery, algorithm design and algorithm analysis grounded in the problem of sorting. Different faculty members in the department have taught the course three times to general success.


Although Canada and the United States have different forms of government, population sizes, gross national products, and industrial capacity, they share the same 8,840 km border and transboundary environmental concerns.

Now, the International Joint Commission, a binational organization concerned with these transboundary environmental issues, has proposed creating a unique series of international watershed boards to help anticipate and respond to a broad range of environmental irritants between the two countries.


The highly non-linear switching behavior of hafnia memristor actually hinders its wide application in neuromorphic computing. Theoretical understanding into its switching mechanism has been focused on the processes of conductive filament generation and rupture, but possible phase transition and crystallization around the region of conductive filaments (CFs) due to the variation of O content have been paid less attention to. In this paper, HfO x structural models covering the full stoichiometries from Hf to HfO 2 were established, and the crystal structure evolution during the reduction process of hafnia was obtained through first-principles calculation. The electronic structures and O vacancy migration characteristics of these structures were analyzed. A criterion was prescribed to predict the mode of abrupt binary switching or gradual conductance modulation according to the structure evolution of the CFs. In particular, factors that influence the merging of tiny conductive channels into strong filaments are intensively discussed, including the anisotropy of O vacancy migration and the size effect. The feasibility of Mg doping to achieve robust gradual switching is discussed.


This paper studied several face image processing involving face features location,face modeling,face change.It developed a system of face image processing,involved facial features extraction and face changing.


Cutting the external waste loads can improve the water quality. The correlation analysis of discharged pollutant and water quality of the river is useful auxiliary for effective water quality management. ANN models were used to link the NH3-N concentration and emission loads and to predict downriver water quality in planned water quality functional section (WQFS) of Harbin, northeast of China. Besides conventional point and non-point pollution sources, polluted river branches were also considered as an influencing factor for downriver water quality. Downriver NH3-N concentration was predicted based on the loads and upriver water quality by ANN model. In general, it indicates that an acceptable agreement between the observations and the predictions has been achieved. All predicted results and analysis should provide useful suggestion to decision-makers for effective water quality management in the Harbin region.


Internet finance is a new development in China which has been prevalent since 2013. While its nature does not depart from the conception of "finance",both traditional regulator tools in the field of financial law,i. e."concession system"and"mandatory information disclosure",may miss their"target"during the regulation on this new- born industry,thus being incapable of playing an effective role. In addition,internet finance may lead to a change of market competition,as well as a re- organization and innovation of financial products. This will raise a problem of structural failure of current system of "separated regulation",reducing the unity and harmony of regulation. Therefore,it is necessary to reform the existing regulatory system in accordance with the features of internet finance.


This paper illustrates that higher learning institutions are crying for creative teachers from four aspects,analyzes the characteristics of creative personality of teachers in higher learning institutions.What's more,some ways to mold teachers' creative personality are put forward,they are creating free environment,building scientific evaluating mechanism,developing more effective incentive plan and training of teachers as well as attaching importance to self-molding of teachers.


The objectives of the TransXML project are to develop standard, public domain XML schemas for the exchange of transportation data in four initial business areas. The Survey / Roadway Design schema areas address geometric roadway design, area features, and contract pay items. The Transportation Construction / Materials business area covers bid package, project construction status, construction progress, and materials sampling and testing. The Highway Bridge Structures business area focuses on bridge design and analysis. The Transportation Safety area addresses crash records and highway safety information analysis. The Geography Mark-Up Language (GML) was selected for evaluation as a common framework. Its enterprise-wide feature-based approach proved advantageous in spite of the initial TransXML schema focus on engineering design and construction and GML's origin in the geospatial domain UML models were created to garner consensus on data content and structure prior to XML schema development. Models were publicly posted for comment and the models were updated accordingly. GML was generated for eight schema. Sample schemas and instance documents were created and posted for review to a public web site. Sample applications have been developed to demonstrate the applicability of the resulting schemas.


A model independent non-perturbative analysis of quarkonium-proton interactions based on low-energy QCD theorems is carried out to describe the anomalous behavior of the spin-spin correlation asymmetry observed at large momentum transfer in p p elastic scattering at the charm threshold. The enhancement to p p elastic amplitudes and their phase is determined by analyticity and unitarity giving a plausible explanation of the spin anomaly. We also reexamine the possibility that the interaction between cc and light quarks in nuclei may form a distinct kind of nuclear matter, nuclear bound quarkonium. Submitted to Physical Review Letters ∗Permanent address: Escuela de F́ısica, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica The fundamental description of the strong forces in terms of structureless constituents which carry the symmetries within the hadrons, and their interaction in terms of gluonic fields is the basis of quantum chromodynamics, QCD. Despite considerable success in the application of QCD in the perturbative regime (PQCD) [1], there are important discrepancies with measurements related to the production and decay of heavy quark systems [2] and the study of spin effects at high energy [3]. A notorious example is the unexpected result observed in the polarization correlation ANN found in proton-proton collisions at large energy and momentum transfer [4]. At √ s near 5 GeV and θc.m. = 90 ◦ the rate of protons scattering with incident spins parallel and normal to the scattering plane, relative to the protons scattering with antiparallel spins, rises dramatically with ANN reaching a value of 60 %, in a region where scaling behavior is expected. A simple explanation for this anomaly has its origin in the observation that at √ s = 5 GeV new degrees of freedom associated with the onset of a heavy quarkantiquark threshold could invalidate the scale-invariant nature of the basic constituent interaction at high energies by the interaction of light and heavy quarks at low relative velocity [5]. Other models had also been advanced to explain the spin anomaly, but they imply a radical departure from the PQCD framework or the Standard Model [6], introducing extraneous dynamical effects. The phenomenological analysis of Ref. [5] is based on J = L = S = 1 broad resonance structures, related to the strange and charm thresholds, interfering with PQCD quark-interchange amplitudes. Precise knowledge of the dynamics of heavy quarkonium with light hadrons at low energies could be used to find the enhancement to proton-proton elastic amplitudes close to the charm threshold. Since different quark flavors are involved in the quarkonium-nucleon interaction, there is no quark exchange to first order in elastic scattering [7] and the finite range color van der Waals force from multiple gluon exchange is the dominant contribution to such process [8], which is in fact tractable in QCD in terms of the operator product expansion [9]. Due to the small size of charmonium, its interaction with external gluon fields arising from the interacting hadrons can be expressed in terms of local gauge-invariant operators which are evaluated in a model independent way using low energy QCD theorems [10] and the trace anomaly [11]. The spin correlation at the charm threshold would then be determined using unitarity and analyticity without introducing arbitrary parameters.


PURPOSE: A touch location detection method, a device and touch screen display device thereof are provided to revise change of readout voltage by critical voltage of transistors of a touch panel or sensor gap variation thereby preventing wrong touch discrimination. CONSTITUTION: A touch panel(200) comprises a sensing unit. A touch position detector(300) comprises an integrator(310), an ADC(Analog to Digital Converter)(320) and a digital processing circuit. The integrator integrates detected lead out current of the sensing unit. The ADC changes the integrated leadout voltage to digital data. The digital processing circuit determines touch of the sensing unit by revision of change of digital converted lead voltage data.


I examine the factors facilitating or hindering collusion using a comprehensive data set on the incidence of price-fixing across UK manufacturing industries in the 1950s. The econometric results suggest that collusion is more likely the higher the degree of capital intensity and less likely in advertising-intensive than in low-advertising industries. There is also some evidence of a non-monotonic relationship between market growth and the likelihood of collusion. There is no clear link between concentration and the incidence of collusion.


Purpose – With half of those in leadership positions maybe falling short, the purpose of this paper is to review literature on why leaders fail.Design/methodology/approach – A number of recent journal articles, book chapters and books were examined.Findings – The paper identified common causes of failure and possible remedial actions. Leaders that fail behave in ways reflective of their personality that limit or derail their careers. These flaws include arrogance, aloofness, perfectionism, insensitivity, selfishness and betraying the trust of others.Research limitations/implications – Very little research on this important topic has been conducted.Practical implications – Solutions highlight the role of early feedback in reducing leadership failures.Originality/value – This paper raises a topic important in leadership development but ignored by both researchers and managers.


A model of plasma transport and chemistry is described which calculates the evolution of a plasma population in latitude and radial distance. The integrated quantity NL² is used in the diffusion equation to calculate plasma transport, then the density of each ion species in radial distance-latitude space is calculated to determine changes in the plasma due to chemistry. This model can use as input arbitrary neutral density and ion source profiles and correctly handles the effects of anisotropies and the ambipolar electric field. This model is applied to the magnetosphere of Saturn, where it is used to fit the density profile of the heavy ions assuming both satellite and ring sources of plasma. Use of an extended source region is found to significantly alter the resulting plasma profile. Water ions cannot fit the observed density profile inside L=6 even with a large ring source. Oxygen ions can fit the density profile throughout the region inside L=12 given a suitable profile of neutral hydrogen; a suitable profile contains up to 5 H cm−3 outside L=4 with the number increasing inside this. Preferred values of K are 1-3×10−10 Rs²s−1, but any value K less than 10−9 RS²s−1 can be accommodated. The temperature profile is shown to favor models invoking in situ plasma formation and loss as opposed to models where transport is important.


The Mannich reactions of (arylmethylidene)(cyano)selenoacetamides with primary amines and formaldehyde gave 3,7-disubstituted 8-R-3,4,7,8-tetrahydro-2H,6H-pyrimido[4,3-b]-[1,3,5]selenadiazine-9-carbonitriles. Alternatively, these compounds can be obtained by reactions of 4-R-2,6-diamino-4H-selenopyran-3,5-dicarbonitriles with primary amines and form-aldehyde or by multicomponent condensation of an appropriate aldehyde, cyanoselenoacet-amide, a primary amine, and formaldehyde.


The utility model discloses a turning joint of a lamp arm, which comprises a rotating arm and a supporting arm, wherein a cylinder is arranged at one end of the rotating arm, a groove is formed at one end of the supporting arm and is matched with the cylinder, round baffle plates are arranged at two ends of the groove, two wire through-holes are formed at the bottom of the groove, round slots are formed on two end surfaces of the cylinder, two wire through holes are formed on the inner walls of the round slots at two ends respectively, through holes are formed at the bottom of the round slots, a rotating shaft is arranged inside the through holes, the cylinder is mounted inside the groove, and the rotating shaft is fixed on the round baffle plates. Therefore, with the arrangement of the rotating shaft inside the rotating arm, the round slots on two end surfaces of the cylinder to provide the space for wire layout, so that the wire layout process is simpler. Besides, the two wire through holes are formed to separate the zero line from the live line, thereby preventing the two lines from twisting during the rotation process, and greatly reducing the risk of wire breakage and improving the safety of the lamp.


This analysis identifies and describes clusters of persistently low and high income inequality for N ¼ 7,353 non-metropolitan block-groups in the western part of the North Central Region. Analysis finds more low inequality than high inequality places in the region, but there are also large numbers of rising inequality places. Lower inequality places are found to have poorer demo- graphic and economic outcomes than higher inequality places, contrary to what is found in the literature. Lower inequality places are also found to be more special- ized in traditional agricultural and industrial sectors, while higher inequality places are more specialized in higher skilled services industries.


Abstract Latin American transgender women are highly vulnerable to HIV infection, and although much is known about factors associated with HIV infection in this population, little is known about the association of human papilloma virus (HPV) with HIV infection. We investigated anogenital HPV and cumulative HIV incidence among 68, initially HIV uninfected, Peruvian transgender women enrolled into a 2-year, prospective cohort study: 95.6% had at least one anogenital HPV genotype at baseline, 19.1% had visible anogenital warts, and 6.0% became infected with HIV over the course of the study. Due to the high anogenital HPV prevalence, this population would likely benefit from early immunization with the HPV vaccine.


Functionally graded materials (FGMs) are new materials whose properties change
 gradually in respect to their dimensions. This group of materials shows a
 tremendous improvement of previously used composite materials. FGM consists
 of two or more materials whose combination enables the achievement of
 specified properties in accordance with the desired application. The article
 gives an overview of different classifications, various fabrication methods
 and applications of the FGMs. It could also provide insight and perspective
 for researchers, university students and research and development teams
 since it has brought together diverse aspects of FGMs. As mentioned in
 section two, we took all FGMs fabrication methods under consideration,
 giving the reader an insight into how to make a product while satisfying the
 conditions of financial and mechanical efficiency. The classification
 section specifically goes over structures, types of gradients, sizes/scales,
 state of matter and finishes with the manufacturing processes. Section two
 deep dives into the fabrication methods used in the FGMs, which are divided
 into three sub-sections, including gas-based, liquid-based and solid-based.
 Lastly, various applications of the FGMs in different fields and industries,
 namely aerospace, energy, medicine, military, manufacturing and eventually
 other applications, are demonstrated.


Preparation uncertainty relations establish a trade-off in the statistical spread of incompatible observables. However, the Heisenberg-Robertson (or Schroedinger's) uncertainty relations are expressed in terms of the product of variances, which is null whenever the system is in an eigenstate of one of the observables. So, in this case the relation becomes trivial and in the other cases it must be expressed in terms of a state-dependent bound. Uncertainty relations based on the sum of variances do not suffer from this drawback, as the sum cannot be null if the observables are incompatible, and hence they can capture fully the concept of quantum incompatibility. General procedures to construct generic sum-uncertainty relations are not known. Here we present one such procedure, based on Lie algebraic properties of observables that produces state-independent bounds. We illustrate our result for the cases of the Weyl-Heisenberg algebra, special unitary algebras up to rank 4, and any semisimple compact algebra.


The chromatic aberration,different color pattern,uncertain location of color point and figure,poor color fastness,bad color saturation and hand touch feeling exist in the process of cashmere fabric screen printing.To solve these problems the choices and dosages of levelling agent,protective solute and acid-releasing agent were analyzed with the actual production of Ordos in this paper.And their influences to fabric strength,chromatic aberration,K/S value and dye fastness were also investigated to decide the optimal process.The results were: VS acid was better than any other acid-releasing agent in dye yield and dye fastness and suitable for cashmere fabric printing.The optimum dosages of VS acid were 4% when printing the light figure and 6% of dark figure.


Increasing the consumption of fuel in power and automobile sector, increase the pollution of the environment. Smoke and NOX are main pollutants of emission from diesel engine and it is very difficult to control them simultaneously Petroleum based fuels is a finite resource that is rapidly depleting. Biodiesel is one of the alternative fuel made from vegetable oil, friendly for environment and has no effect on health and can reduce the emission compared with diesel fuel. The experiments are done in various stages and it covers the various aspects of biodiesels fuel derived from crude black sesame oil and performance emissions study on four stroke compression ignition engine. The obtained bio diesel fuel properties of SOEE are measured. Finally the optimum blend is selected as S20. After finding optimum blend, in the next stage tests are conducted on the same engine of optimum blend with air pre-heating at different temperatures to find out performance and emission parameters. In the end stage tests are conducted on the same engine of the optimum blend with supercharging at different pressures to find out performance and emission parameters. The performance and emission parameters measured from the above tests are to be compared with diesel base line data and optimum blend S20. The blend S20 with added air pre-heating showed best performances increase in brake thermal efficiency, decrease in BSFC and reductions in emissions CO, HC. However, its diesel blends with air pre-heating showed maximum brake thermal efficiency. Finally results shown engine performance and emissions have been to justify the potentiality of the ethyl esters of sesame oils of as alternative fuel for compression ignition engine fuel.


Using the empirical formula with three free parameters recently proposed, ionization cross sections are given for the representation of cross sections for single ionization of free atoms from the ground stages by electron impact. Almost all experimental results can be approximated by this formula with 20% over the whole energy range between the threshold and 1 . All experimental results can be approximated with experimental error. The formula proposed is not suitable to regenerate the exact contour of fine structure in the ionization cross section curve. The probable error is estimated to be approximately 20%, but the error is larger than 40% and no fine structures are accounted for near the threshold.


A geometric error correction of convergent multi-view images is proposed. Shape factors and camera parameters of the captured multi-view image are used to estimate an ideal multi-camera arrangement and its camera parameters. A correction transform of each viewpoint to reduce the geometric error is calculated based on the original and estimated camera parameters. The error-corrected multi-view image is obtained by applying the transform to the captured images. The experimental results show that the proposed method efficiently reduces the geometric error of the convergent multi-view images.


According to the interaction modes between the evaluation and the learning activities,learning evaluation can be divided into the upon-learning evaluation,the learning-oriented evaluation and the inner-learning evaluation.Learning evaluation is actually an activity to make a value judgment about the learning effect.What's evaluated here is the average effectiveness in a given period of learning activity.The functions in use here are the screening effect and the discriminating effect.The learning-oriented evaluation refers to evaluations aiming to support and improve the students' learning activities,which is concerned with the future learning acts with its emphasis placed on the functions of motivation and development.The inner-learning evaluation refers to those cognitive practical activities intrinsic of the learning,learning acts which serve to satisfy self needs.It arises from the learning process and is a basic property of learning and manifests the cognitive and generating function of evaluation.


The invention discloses a method for molding a transverse span shaft of a milling machine, which comprises the following steps: (1) measuring the spacing interval between each two main shafts of the milling machine and the actual processable range of each main shaft; (2) realizing the overlapping of processing regions of the adjacent two main shafts of the milling machine through software; (3) using molding editing software to carry out segmentation and re-merging on an original shape processing file and forming a merged file of molding of the transverse span shaft; and (4) transversely placing an ultra-long printed circuit board on the milling machine, and calling the merged file for realizing the continuous processing of the transverse span shaft of the ultra-long printed circuit board. The adoption of the method can lead the ultra-long printed circuit board to continuously complete the molding once on the ordinary multi-shaft milling machine, avoid multi-positioning and plate loading and unloading operation, reduce lines and surface scratches of the circuit, ensure the molding precision and simultaneously improve the production efficiency and the product qualification rate to the maximum extent.


Objective: Pulmonary tuberculosis is an important health problem in pediatric patients. The aim of this study is to evaluate the epidemiological and clinical signs and treatment results of the children with pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods: Hospital records of 85 children with pulmonary tuberculosis which were diagnosis in Dicle University Medical Faculty, Pediatric Pulmonology Department, between the period of January 2008 and December 2013, were retrospectively reviewed. Results: Of 85 patients, 51.7% were girls with a mean age of 9.84±4.66 years (6 months-18 years). Ratio of patients that aged less than 5 years was 22.3%. The most prominent complaints were cough (81.2%), fever (55.2%), inappetence (47.1%), night sweats (38.8%), and weight lost (32.9 %). Sixty five of the patients (76.4 %) had a history of contact with adult patients with tuberculosis. BCG vaccine scarring was present in 70.6% of patients. Tuberculin skin test reactivity was present in 75.3%. Hilar lympadenomegaly (58.8%), primary focus-calsification (37.6%), and parenchymal infiltration (32.9%) were the most common radiographic findings. Conclusion: Pulmonary tuberculous is not a rare entity and remains an important infectious disease in children in our country. Early diagnosis and treatment of children with pulmonary tuberculosis is important to protect late symptoms and to prevent contamination of healthy people.


3. C. R. Johnson, A matrix theoretic construction of magic squares, The American Mathematical Monthly, 79, No.9 (Nov. 1972), pp. 10041006. 4. J. L. Chabert, Magic squares, A history of algorithms: from the pebble to the microchip, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1999, pp. 49-81. 5. James E. Ward Ill, Vector spaces of magic squares, Mathematics Magazine, 53, No.2 (Mar. 1980), pp. 108-111. 6. Charles Fox, Magic matrices, Math. Gaz., 40, (October 1956), pp. 209-211. 7. N. Gauthier, Singular matrices applied to 3 x 3 magic squares, Math. Gaz., 81, (July 1997), pp. 225-230. 8. Ray Hill and S. M. Elzaidi, Cubes and inverses of magic squares, Math. Gaz., 80, (November 1996), pp. 565-567. 9. David M. Rose, Magic squares and matrices, Math. Gaz., 57, (February 1973), pp. 36-39. 10. A. C. Thompson, Odd magic powers, The American Mathematical Monthly, 101, No.4 (Apr. 1994), pp. 339-342. 11. Gotz Trenkler, Another look at cubes and inverses of magic squares, Math. Gaz., 82, (July 1998), pp. 288-289. 12. Amo van den Essen, Magic squares and linear algebra, The American Mathematical Monthly, 97, No. I (Jan. 1990), pp. 60-62. 13. William P. Wardlaw and Jim Hartman, E3440, The American Mathematical Monthly, 99, No. 10 (Dec. 1992), pp. 966-967. 14. Kenneth S. Miller, Some eclectic matrix theory, Robert E. Krieger Publishing Company, Malabar, FL, 1987. 15. Andrew Lenard, A non-zero complex sequence with vanishing powersums, Proceedings of the A.M.S. 108, Number 4 (April 1990), pp. 951953. BIANCA EDWARDS, JIM HARTMAN Mathematics and Computer Science Department, The College of Wooster, Wooster, OR 44691 USA


Abstract : Seventy-five cases of perforated duodenal ulcer were managed by suture plication alone. Perforated acute ulcers have a better ultimate outlook in terms, of mortality and morbidity as compared with perforated chronic ulcers. It is suggested that chronic duodenal ulcer cases should have definitive surgery at the time of perforation or soon after the recovery, whereas acute ulcers should be primarily managed by suture plication alone. Where dyspeptic symptoms persist for more than 3 months in acute ulcers after suture plication definitive surgery must be done at the earliest opportunity.


Long‐term and fine‐scale monitoring of surface urban heat island (SUHI) is critical for the design of heat mitigation strategies. Landsat series offer long‐term (since the 1980s) and fine‐scale land surface temperature (LST) observations for such SUHI analysis. However, Landsat data are characterized by a long revisit period (16 days) and are seriously impacted by cloud contamination and stripe gaps, making the Landsat‐derived long‐term SUHI trends across cities incomparable. To address this issue, here we applied the Prophet model to reconstruct temporally consistent long‐term (∼1985–2019) clear‐sky Landsat LSTs over four megacities in China (Beijing, Chongqing, Shanghai, and Shenzhen). The results show that the mean absolute error of the SUHI intensity (SUHII) estimated using the reconstructed LSTs ranges from 0.2 to 0.6°C. The reliability of the reconstructed LSTs is further evidenced by the general consistency between the reconstructed Landsat and original Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer LSTs. Our analysis further demonstrates that the overall SUHII has been increasing slowly over Beijing but has been increasing rapidly in the other three megacities since the 1980s. Local SUHII trends also varied between urban regions. Urban core is characterized by an initial increase and then a slight decrease in the local SUHII, while a continuously increasing trend is observed for the urban fringe. For the new urban development, the interannual SUHII trend lies somewhere between these trends. Overall, our study provides a practical approach to reconstruct long‐term clear‐sky Landsat LSTs, and delivers a better understanding of long‐term and fine‐scale SUHI variations across cities.


A system on chip (SoC) is presented, which is suitable for both conventional telephony via the public switched telephone network (PSTN) and voice over Internet protocol (VoIP). A highly flexible approach offers the possibility to integrate several interface types, customizable by software download. Additional download capabilities facilitate the integration of voice-codecs for voice compression, algorithms for silent noise injection, far end line echo cancellation, and fax/modem termination. The modular design style allows reuse of all major building blocks in future systems. The modular test concept enables separated tests for all parts of the chip as well as configurable self tests for easy go/no go-decisions.


Effects of chitosan coating on respiration rate and internal gas composition of 'Fuji' apple and 'Satsuma' mandarin were investigated and compared to wax emulsions and two commercial coating materials. Chitosan coating reduced respiration rate significantly (p 2 and the lowest O 2 concentration in the internal gas composition at 5℃ but showed no differences compared to other coating materials at 20℃. 'Satsuma' mandarin showed significantly high CO 2 concentration in chitosan coating at 20℃ but there were not significant differences among coating materials in CO 2 and O 2 composition at 5℃.


This empirical study investigates three supply chain transformation projects in Sri Lanka. Building on two previous studies, this study attempts to discern the imperatives and essentials of a successful supply chain transformation project. In essence, this study retrospectively scrutinizes the outcomes of supply chain transformation projects commenced a minimum of 5 years earlier. By juxtaposing the outcomes with longitudinal data from of the said projects, the authors draw unique insights on the dynamics of managing a supply chain transformation project. Additionally, this study outlines critical factors that need to be taken into consideration when implementing supply chain transformation projects. Furthermore, this study improves and outlines the supply chain project management process outlined in previous studies [1]. In sum, this study connects the two growing fields of Supply Chain Management and Project Management in order to posit the importance of expanding the understanding of supply chain project management.


The smoke from burning coal were analyzed by GC-MS after separation of CO_(2) and condensed by cold trap. More than 100 organic substances were determined. The fact that the concentration of CFC-12 in the smoke from burning coal containing fluorine was significantly higher than the background value in local atmosphere was found and varied from furnace temperature. When the furnace temperature reached to 400℃, the concentration of CFC-12 increased to a peak value and then went down gradually with further rising of the furnace temperature. During the burning process the concentration of CFC-12 and CH_(3)Cl exhibited a close correlation. CFC-12 and CH_(3)Cl produced from coal combustion cause considerable impact on environment and great concern should be taken.


A novel block triple-diagonal (BTD) parity structure with all nodes of degree three is proposed for quasi-cyclic (QC) low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes. The BTD structure without low node degree can effectively improve the error floor performance and, meanwhile, enable low complexity encoding. With this structure, we use a modulo-lifting technology to construct a family of QC-LDPC codes, which supports scalable code lengths with a simple and flexible encoding solution. The simulation results show that our coding schemes for short and moderate lengths achieve better performance in the error floor region.


Based on the cognitive principle of "multilevel" methodology (V. A. Shtoff) and the philosophical and methodological idea of "knowledge and cognitive practices synthesis" justified in the philosophy of cognition by L. A. Mikeshina, the author considers the issue of reflective analysis of "methodological synthesis" in the contexts of philosophical-methodological analysis of the worldview phenomenon. The author also discusses the correlation problem of the cognitive practices synthesis idea to the current worldview contexts of the transdisciplinarity logic in its existential-anthropological contexts.


There has been controversy all the time as to whether FDI has positive technological spillover effect or not. To validate this problem, the author develops a C-D production function model and makes an evaluation of the technological spillover effect of FDI. The empirical study proves that there is a positive technology spillover effect in the process of introducing FDI in China.


The concepts of Psychology and Ethics are defined from a basically humanist perspective. These concepts are introduced in the librarian practice with the aim of improving the relationship between librarian and user, and, consequently, the service provided to the user.


Further-than-third neighbor exchange interactions and quantum fluctuations produce new interesting effects in the phase diagram of the Heisenberg magnet with competing interactions. These effects are considered for a simple hexagonal lattice. Competing exchange interactions in a simple Heisenberg model lead to non simple spin configu- rations. In the classical approximation (S = m) in- plane competing interactions up to third neighbors (3N model) give a phase diagram at T = 0 with (I) ferromagnet (F), antiferromagnet (AF), and two he- lix (H) phases which we label H1 and Hz, respectively. The 3N models studied in reference (I) are the tetrag- onal and the hexa~nal lattices with the following in- -


An arbitrary transfer characteristic (TC) amplifier, called the tanh cascode cell (TCC) amplifier, is reported. This novel amplifier is capable of synthesising an arbitrary TC including the ideal rectifier transfer characteristic, which is highly desirable for analogue circuits such as power amplifiers, low-noise amplifiers, mixers, op-amps, instrumentation amplifiers etc. The flexible transfer characteristic, wide dynamic range and high linearity capability of the TCC amplifier are demonstrated with a 16-cell MOSFET prototype.


Bachelor's thesis deals with the analysis of parallel Czech and German sentences in children's literature. The practical part is based on the literary works Dasenka, cili život stěněte; Pipi dlouha puncocha and Luisa a Lotka. The aim is to identify the most frequently used valence and comparison of the valence of the Czech and German verbs.


The work leads with three dimensional environments for industrial processes visualization and the study of control parameters for the optimisation of real time systems simulation with evolutionary approach. The initial motivation behind the development of adaptive control models was the need to account for uncertainty in the parameters and structure of physical systems. When such a system to be controlled should be simulated by a computer with some stochastic model, then it is suitable to use evolutionary computing to determine automatically the role of each parameter on the system performance, what can lead to an advantage in the optimisation of some proposed automation model under study. Concurrently the use of virtual environments with the visualization of the model's performance in a three dimensional perspective could open the possibility for the user to taste some kind of immersion as close as possible into the reality of the system in simulation.


We investigate the role of spirituality in the making postnonclassical education as a factor in determining its goals and values in a cultural anthropological turn of postmodern era. It outlines the main substantive aspects of the study of the phenomenon of spirituality at the intersection of a rational-scientific and transcendentreligious approaches and synthesis of the regulatory bases of moral and existential choice of personality sence of life priorities. It's discussed controversial issues of identity formation process in the context of changing cultural values.


The article was republished by The Independent, The Times, Scottish Daily Mail, Irish Daily Mail, Daily Mail and Inverse. https://theconversation.com/kombucha-kimchi-and-yogurt-how-fermented-foods-could-be-harmful-to-your-health-126131)


Volunteer forwarding, as an emerging routing idea for large scale, location-aware wireless sensor networks, has recently received significant attention. However, several critical research issues raised by volunteer forwarding, including communication collisions, communication voids, and time-critical routing, have not been well addressed by the existing work. In this paper, we propose a priority-based stateless geo-routing (PSGR) protocol that addresses these issues. Based on PSGR, sensor nodes are able to locally determine their priority to serve as the next relay node using dynamically estimated network density. This effectively suppresses potential communication collisions without prolonging routing delays. PSGR also overcomes the communication void problem using two alternative stateless schemes, rebroadcast and bypass. Meanwhile, PSGR supports routing of time-critical packets with different deadline requirements at no extra communication cost. Additionally, we analyze the energy consumption and the delivery rate of PSGR as functions of the transmission range. Finally, an extensive performance evaluation has been conducted to compare PSGR with competing protocols, including GeRaf, IGF, GPSR, flooding, and MSPEED. Simulation results show that PSGR exhibits superior performance in terms of energy consumption, routing latency, and delivery rate, and soundly outperforms all of the compared protocols.


The Belt and Road Initiative was introduced to further economic connections with partner countries and foster development within China. We examine the effect of the Initiative on Chinese cross-border M&As. We find that the Initiative significantly increases the probability and the transaction amount of M&A deals in target countries. Moreover, the market reacts more positively to these deals. We find that the effect is entirely driven by state-owned enterprises during our sample period and it is more pronounced in firms that are located on the more-developed eastern coast of China. The evidence suggests that the announcement of the Belt and Road Initiative was followed by economically meaningful cross-border M&A in targeted countries.


Experimentation in laboratories is a key pillar in the education of graduate and undergraduate students, who need to understand the fundamental concepts from both perspectives: theoretical and practical. High costs associated with equipment, space, and maintenance staff, impose certain constraints on resources for traditional laboratories. While, Virtual and Remote Laboratories can overcome these limitations, they present important limitations in their use. Some actions are repetitive in nature, cannot be executed trivially or in reasonable time by a user. Some others might be simply impossible without computer help. For example, doing a linear regression of values obtained in an experiment, performing a comparison of results obtained by making a sweep in the values of a particular variable or taking a system to an initial state. Hence, it arises the need of encoding some experimental tasks to automatize their execution. With other existing applications, to encode experiments, users need to know how VRLs are implemented. In addition, they have to manage the language in which the simulation was created so they need to handle fluently a simulation language just to perform experiments. The authors propose a tool called the Experiment Editor, to undertake automated experiments for VRLs. The Experiment Editor enables the user to encode experiments regardless of the language in which the laboratory was implemented. To do so, it provides a powerful and easy-to-learn language, and the corresponding interpreter that supports the execution of the experiments.


Construction industry regarded as one of the key aspects of achieving the goals of sustainable development in communities. In this regard, the choice of building materials is one of the key challenges in order to improve project performance with respect to sustainable development indicators and the use of sustainable materials, is an effective step towards achieving sustainable construction. This research uses information and evidence, interview and questionnaire prepared (by five points Likert scale method). Also, it has provided expert opinions related indicators widely used in a construction materials, manufacturing process and defining the impact of the production of these materials on sustainable development deals. Validity and reliability of the questionnaires were also performed (with Cronbach's alpha method). As a result of this research, Cement was identified as the most unsustainable material, after that Steel and then Brick and Glass were located with a wide margin. So Light concrete block, Gypsum, Stone, Lime, and Concrete were identified as the most sustainable materials according to existing indicators respectively. The consequences of this study can help the project executors in order to promote the use of sustainable building materials in construction and also industries will be aware of the impact of the sustainability indicators on their products.


For fan-cooled motors, the fan performance directly influences the thermal performance of the motor and so its lifetime. A 10-degree temperature reduction could extend the motor electrical insulation lifetime twofold. The purpose of this study is to apply computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling techniques to a motor fan system and use the validated CFD model to analyze key design parameters. Simulation results and measured data at various fan speeds showed good agreement between CFD results and the test data. In addition, both the calculated and measured flow rates and torques follow fan laws very well. The validated CFD model is used to perform a parametric study for the fan system. The effect of axial clearance between the fan and the fan cover and between the fan and the bracket, the effect of the fan cover diameter, and the effect of the number of fan blades and their chord length, on fan performance are studied. We demonstrated the capability of applying CFD to complicated geometry to effectively analyze the design parameters.


Rutting is a common distress form found in asphalt pavements and is known to be a potential road safety hazard that can lead to skidding or hydroplaning accidents in wet weather. Ruts are formed along pavement wheelpaths under repeated traffic loading. They present a safety risk to vehicles because they collect water during wet weather, which can lead to reduced skid resistance along the rutted wheelpaths because of the presence of water. It is necessary to repair medium or severe pavement ruts to ensure wet-weather driving safety. However, there is not a commonly accepted quantitative basis for determining the maintenance threshold for repairing pavement ruts. Most highway agencies today rely on experience and engineering judgment in setting the rut depth threshold for activating rut repair. This paper presents a study to develop a rational analytical procedure for a quantitative determination of rut depth intervention level based on the concept of skid resistance intervention level. The procedure makes use of a finite element simulation model to compute skid resistance. For easy practical application, either a database or neural network model can be adopted to expedite the analysis. The proposed procedure offers a method of determining rut depth intervention level on a basis consistent with the concept of skid resistance intervention level for pavement friction management. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate the application of the proposed procedure and highlight its potential for implementation in a network-level pavement management system.


The removal of a peritoneal dialysis catheter (PDC) is an important procedure, much like the placement of a PDC. In our institution, the removal of a PDC was always performed under spinal or general anesthesia. However, we might hesitate to remove a PDC in some patients under such anesthesia when their general condition is too poor due to severe cerebrovascular and/or cardiac disease. Therefore, we attempted a re-embedding catheter technique in 4 patients. In this report, we review the advantages and disadvantages of this technique and compare it with traditional techniques.


This paper presents a new dynamic element matching technique for low harmonic distortion digital-to-analog converters suitable for direct digital synthesis systems. The benefit of the present approach over the prior art is significantly reduced hardware complexity with no reduction in performance.


Objective To compare the effect of blepharosphincterectomy with eyelid margin incision to treat senile blepharlosis.Methods 38 cases(51eyes)and 31 cases(38 eyes)were preformed blepharosphincterectomy and eyelid margin incision respectively.We compared the effect of two kinds of operation by observing recurrence of blepharlosis.Results The long-effect of blepharosphincterectomy was better than that of eyelid margin incision.Conclusion Blepharosphincterectomy is a simple method with reliable effect for treatment of senile blepharlosis.


In this study, a series of full-scale experiments were carried out to study the vertical fire spread characteristics of EPS, PIR and PF insulation systems. The fire development process and the vertical temperature distribution of the main wall are analyzed. Results show that PIR and PF do not shrink and melt like EPS under fire conditions, but carbonization appears on the surface and form carbonized cracks. In the PIR carbonization crack, a strip-shaped combustion flame appears. But the PF does not show a burning flame at the carbonization crack, and the flame height is only half of the height of the main wall, and no combustion occurs in the auxiliary wall. Overall, the PF insulation system is superior to the PIR insulation system in overall fire resistance, and the EPS insulation system has the worst fire performance.


The morphology of Pt-based nanoparticles supported on carbon is controlled to enhance the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalytic performance. Herein a simple one-step method without a polymer surfactant is demonstrated to synthesize Pt-Cu nanoclusters, Pt-Cu nanospheres, and Cu-doped Pt nanoplates. Metal precursors are reduced in a NaCl or NH4Cl aqueous solution containing carbon supports, and nanoparticles are directly deposited on carbon. Cl− ions generated from NaCl or NH4Cl behave as oxidative etchants when O2 is dissolved in the synthesis solution, delaying the reduction of metal ions and leading to larger particles. Nanoclusters are obtained in the absence of Cl− ions. In addition, NH4+ guides the growth direction of Pt in the presence of oxidative etchants, forming a plate-like morphology that exposes the {111} facets. Half-cell measurements are performed in acidic media to evaluate the electrochemical properties. Cu-doped Pt nanoplates exhibit a 3.67-times higher ORR catalytic activity than the commercial Pt catalysts thanks to the synergistic effect with a small amount of Cu and selective exposure of the {111} facets. The result suggests that transition metals in Pt-based electrocatalysts may be unnecessary to form intermetallic alloyed crystals for the enhanced ORR performance.


A Printed Circuit Board is used to mechanically support and electrically connect electronic components using conductive pathways, track or signal traces etched from copper sheets laminated on to anon conductive substrate. The automatic inspection of PCBs serves a purpose which is traditional in computer technology. The purpose is to relieve human inspectors of the tedious and inefficient task of looking for those defects in PCBs which could lead to electric failure. This paper is a survey conducted on various existing approaches which performs automatic testing on PCB.


The fractionation of the HFS elements Nb and Ta, referred to as geochemical twins because of their similarities in ionic radii, ionic charge and compatibilites, has long been debated. Various equilibrium fractionation processes were suggested to explain the sub-chondritic Nb/Ta ratio of the accessible silicate Earth and the spread of Nb/Ta observed among the major terrestrial reservoirs. Differences in equilibrium partition coefficients in partial melting processes are, however, too small to explain the natural spread in Nb/Ta ratios. A key mineral controlling the geochemical behaviour of the two elements is rutile. Despite of it being an accessory mineral, it is acting as the major host of Nb and Ta in subducted oceanic crust and in lower crustal granulites. We consider kinetic fractionation during diffusion in rutile as an important process to fractionate the two elements, which although chemically similar, differ by a factor of two in their atomic masses. We thus employed an experimental setup to determine diffusivities of Nb and Ta in rutile. It consists of thin film diffusion couples prepared by PLD [1], which are annealed in gas mixing furnaces between 900 and 1200°C at fO2 either close to the NiNiO-buffer or at atmospheric oxygen pressure. The TiO2 thin films were enriched with 1-3 wt% Nb, Ta and/or Sm. The annealed samples, as well as reference samples chracterising the starting material, were analysed by RBS and by SIMS in the depth profiling mode. Our experiments demonstrate unequivocally that (1) Nb diffuses faster than Ta by a factor of 5 to 10 (!), (2) diffusion of Nb, Ta, and Sm is strongly sensitive to the fO2, in which Nb and Ta become faster and Sm slower with increasing fO2, and (3) Nb and Ta diffusivities in rutile are ~3 orders of magnitude higher than previously published values for Hf and Zr [2]. The significantly higher mobility of Nb compared to Ta in rutile may have direct consequences for their liquid-rock fractionation during partial melting. The Nb/Ta systematics of partial melts and restites will be influenced by kinetic factors, and will not be solely governed by equilibrium partitioning in scenarios such as partial melting of subducting oceanic crust.


The author reviews how far we have advanced in being able to relate experimental observation to physical theories. He concentrates on the inception process and the first stage of propagation because these are the areas in which most progress has been made, although even here there are unresolved problems. It is convenient, as well as conventional, to start at the beginning with tree inception. In this way the various mechanisms whereby energy can be transferred to the solid polymer to create damaged regions, can be introduced and discussed in the light of experimental data. For the propagation of the tree structures, this prior discussion is used to provide the background to the mechanistic features involved, so that we can concentrate upon the fascinating topic as to why tree structures have the form that they do.


Investigation has shown that the clear-air turbulence encountered by aircraft appears to occur (1) bellow the jet isotach-max and on its north, or cyclonic, side ; and (2) above the jet isotach-max and on its south, or anticyclonic, side. Through the use of two stability criteria which have been given by the present author, one might hope to arrive at an explanation for the phenomenon of clear-air turbulence. Past studies on the high-level clear-air turbulence present many interesting features. British and American investigators [BANNON (1951, 1952) , SHAEFER and HUBERT (1955), LAKE (1956)] made one of the earliest extensive studies of this problem. Recently, Project Cloud Trail has been established within the USAF Air Defense Command, and the observational phase of the project ran for the one-year period from December, 1954 to December, 1955. The analysed results of Project Cloud Fig. 1 Vertical and horizontal cross sections of the typical distribution of turbulence around the jet-stream Max-Isotach Center of 1500 Z, January 24, 1955. After LERoy H. CLEM (1957) . 26H. ArakawaVol. IX No. 1 Trail by CLEM (1957) are of interest in conjunction with the jet-stream situation. In Fig. 1, vertical and horizontal cross sections are reproduced to illustrate the typical distribution of turbulence around a jet-stream max-isotach center. There appears to be a greater probability of occurrence of the intense turbulence (1) below the jet isotach-max and on its north, or cyclonic, side and (2) above the jet isotach-max and on its south, or anticyclonic, side. The synoptic situation in this case is reproduced in Fig. 2. Fig. 2 Distribution of observed turbulence in relation to the jet stream-1500 Z, January 24, 1955. Dashed lines are isotachs (in knots) at 300 mb. Solid lines are the jet stream axes. Number above the station circle is the altitude (in thousands of ft) of the most pronounced turbulence during climb of aircraft. Intensity of turbulence is indicated by appropriate symbols. After LERoy H. CLEM (197). RICHARDSON (1920) has developed a criterion for the increase or decrease of atmospheric turbulence where there is wind shear in the vertical. He postulates that turbulent flow will continue if the rate of supply of energy by eddy stresses is equal to or greater than the work done to maintain the turbulence against any stabilizing force. The RICHARDSON number is given by _MO rexpianauun in cue rnenumenun ui Lacar-ztit i ut uulciluc GI where g is the accerelation of gravity, T the absolute temperature, aT/az the observec lapse rate, P the adiabatic lapse rate and avx/az and avy/az are the components of the vertical wind shear. The critical value to the RICHARDSON number has been assigned ranging from 1/4 to unity. SOLBERG (1939) has discussed the vanishing of the absolute vorticity in the case of transition to instability. The vertical component of the absolute vorticity in a zonal current i is given by where y is the meridional coordinate pointing northward, co the angular velocity of the earth, 0 the latitude, u the west wind speed and R the radius of the earth. If is negative, the motion is dynamically unstable. This type of instability is possible on the south side of strong jet streams. Another criterion for dynamic turbulence in the zone of cyclonic shear to the north of strong jet streams, has been given by ARAKAWA (1951 a). According to his theory the critical cyclonic shear, again for zonal flow, is given by This critical value is often realized in a narrow region just north of well-developed jet streams. As shown in Figs. 1 and 2, most of the cases of clear-air turbulence have, in fact, been from this zone of strong cyclonic shear. The last criterion for dynamic turbulence [ARAKAWA (1951 b, 1957)] is related to the vertical gradient of the wind speed. The critical negative wind shear (wind speed decreasing with height) is given approximately by As shown in Fig. 1, clear-air turbulence has, in fact, been associated with negative shear while no turbulence with positive shear in the narrow zone just south of the jet stream. The definition of the jet stream recommended by the Commission for Aerology of the World Meteorological Organization [Abridged Final Report of the Second Session, Paris, 18th June-5th July 1957, p. 48] is " The vertical shear of wind is of the order 5 –40 m/s per kilometre and the lateral shear of the order 5 m/s per 100 kilometres." There are, theorefore, narrow belts near any jet stream characterized by strong vertical and lateral wind shears satisfying Equations (3) and (4) .


Objective To investigate the clinic value of emergency cervical cerclage.Methods Retrospective analysis of 65 patients with inevitable abortion in Shengjing Hospital affiliated China Medical University between Nov.2008 and Aug.2010,40 of they had carried out emergency cervical cerclage,25 patients got conservative treatment.Their preoperative cervix length and width,the gestational weeks were recorded.Results 40 emergency cervical cerclage have finished successfully,33 patients got survival neonatus.With operative procedures it was possible to prolong the pregnancy by 53.30 days,compared with 4.48 days when conservative therapy was used.Conclusion Emergency cerclage can effectively prolongation the patients with cervical incompetence gestational weeks,It can obviously improve neonate prognosis.


This article aims to solve the following scientific problem: to study the ways of interaction between mass media, audience and authorities used in regional practice. The relevance and scientific significance of solving the above-mentioned problem lies in the fact that modern mass media exist in a dynamically changing social space. The main objective is to determine how fully events of the political and public life of a country or region are reflected in the daily practice of regional mass media. Based on the analysis of print media, the authors of the article consider the authenticity, completeness and objectivity of the information worldview created by journalists of the Arkhangelsk Region. The contractual mechanism of information services used by authorities forces journalists to resort to self-censorship and non-disclosure of socially important information, which leads to the creation of media myths and the loss of professionalism, as well as changes essential characteristics of journalism. It is indicated that it is much more dangerous for this profession to consciously distort the reflected reality by emphasizing some events or certain aspects of the displayed phenomena and concealing others, i.e. manipulating mass consciousness through non-disclosure. Non-disclosure not only erases, destroys and eliminates facts, but also creates a mythical, distorted and unreliable information worldview.


A pair of phase-controlled thyristors, activated by a photoresistor, regulates the power supplied to a furnace heater. The illumination on the photoresistor is varied in the mechanism of a controller which is a Transitrol 990 or similar type. This form of control supersedes the use of mechanical contactors, and temperature stability to ?0?025% has been achieved.


A modified version of the Dijkstra algorithm using an inventive contraction hierarchy is proposed. The algorithm considers a directed acyclic graph with a conical or semi-circular structure for which a pair of edges is chosen iteratively from multi-sources. The algorithm obtains minimum paths by using a comparison process. The comparison process follows a mathematical construction routine that considers a forward and backward check such that only paths with minimum lengths are selected. In addition, the algorithm automatically invents a new path by computing the absolute edge difference for the minimum edge pair and its succeeding neighbour in O (n) time. The invented path is approximated to the hidden path using a fitness criterion. The proposed algorithm extends the multi-source multi-destination problem to include those paths for which a path mining redirection from multi-sources to multi-destinations is a minimum. The algorithm has been applied to a hospital locator path finding system and the results were quite satisfactory.


Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga-Dr Soetomo Hospital, Indonesia Department of Public Health-Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga-Dr Soetomo Hospital, Indonesia Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia-Dr Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Indonesia Article Info History: Received: 22 July 2019 Accepted: 06 Feb 2020 Available: 30 April 2020 Abstract Background: Vegan diet in children provides the benefit of reducing the risk of being overweight and improving the fat profile. However, the risk that may occur in the provision of a vegan diet in children is anthropometric size below normal range of reference and low caloric intake. Growth hormone (GH) and Insulin like Growth Factors (IGFs) are powerful stimulators for longitudinal growth of bone and require insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBPs) which acts as a transport protein for IGF-1. Published research has shown that children who consume vegan diet has lower caloric intake and lower IGF-I levels than those on omnivorous diet. Objective: To determine the effect of vegan diet on IGF-1 levels, IGFBP-3 levels, and growth velocity. Methods: This was a prospective cohort study. The subjects were divided into two groups, namely the vegan group and the omnivorous group, then match based on age and sex. Anthropometric data collection, IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 levels measurements were done in both vegan and omnivorous children. Each subject was observed for 6 months starting in June 2018 and ending in February 2019. Results: During 6 months of observation, 22 subjects were divided into two groups, a vegan diet group and an omnivorous diet group. The IGF-1 level in vegan children was 105.5 ± 47.3 (ng/mL) compared to 102.7 ± 42.3(ng/mL) in omnivorous children with a p value of 0.89. IGFBP-3 in vegan children was 2146.4 ± 595.1 (ng/mL) compared to 2142 ± 609.1 (ng/mL) in omnivorous children with p value of 0.99 and growth velocity (cm/ 6 months) was 3.0 in vegan children (1.0-5.30), and 3.2 (2.6-6.5) in omnivorous children with a p value of 0.41. Conclusion: Children with vegan diet had IGF-1 level, IGFBP-3 level, and growth velocity that were comparable to children with an omnivorous diet.


This second issue of INFOR in honour of the 50th anniversary of the Canadian Operational Research Society contains seven articles highlighting a variety of research areas. The first paper, by Ridler, is a historical article on the life and work of Omond Solandt, a pioneer of Canadian operational research. It recalls Solandt's association with Charles Best, another great Canadian scientist, and his important contribution to the Second World War and Korean War effort. The next paper, by Brotcorne, Marcotte and Savard, presents an overview of the field of bilevel programming, with an emphasis on the contributions of Montreal researchers. The article opens with a tutorial on bilevel programming and ends with a description of several applications, including revenue management which has gained in popularity in recent years. The paper of Hlynka and Mandelbaum is a personalized account of Canadian contributions to queueing. The article is partly based on several interviews conducted with academics and practitioners. It contains a wealth of information on Canadian achievements, several of which can be used as success stories in classrooms. The fourth paper, by D'Amours, Rönnqvist and Weintraub, describes several planning problems arising in the field of forestry. This is a field in which Canadians have always played a significant role and in which the three authors are very active. Location science is another area in which several Canadian researchers have been at the forefront of innovation. In his article, Eiselt recalls some of the key contributions of 12 Canadian scientists. The next paper, by Crainic and Florian, focuses on the development of national planning models in transportation, with an emphasis on STAN (Strategic Transportation ANalysis). Most of this work was conducted at the Centre for Research in Transportation in Montreal and has gained international notoriety. This special issue closes with a short article of the Guest Editor. It contains a personal account of the milestones of the short history of Operational Research, with an emphasis on Canadian contributions. With this special issue of INFOR, we conclude what has been a remarkable year in the history of the Canadian Operational Research Society. Our national OR society enjoys an enviable reputation worldwide and the outlook for the future is very promising. I thank all authors and referees for their valuable contributions to the two special issues.