The perceptual and acoustic effects of pronouncing speech with lips spread in a smile were assessed. Smiled and straight‐faced tokens of 25 nonsense syllables and four meaningful sentences were collected from three male and three female English speakers. Three groups of 12 subjects distinguished the smiled token from its straight‐faced counterpart in forced‐choice identification tasks: Group 1 was instructed to choose the smiled sound, Group 2 the happier, and Group 3 the saddder. Groups 1 and 2 selected the smiled utterance significantly more often than chance for all six speakers. Group 3 chose the straight‐faced utterance as consistently, for four speakers, but for one speaker reliably picked the smiled one. The results suggested that particular cue combinations may be identified as smiling specifically, whereas others may contribute to perception of emotionally in general. Acoustic analyses showed that smiling raised the second and third formant frequencies for all speakers, and fundamental frequency,...


The authors have pointed out in preceding papers that four types of temper embrittlement arise in the temperature range below 900 K when the heat affected zone of 2 1/4Cr-lMo steel is reheated. The causes of these temper embrittlements were examined in the present paper.The first type of embrittlement which arises at 775 K was compared with "the low temperture temper embrittlement" which has been known to arise at 575 K and to be caused by the fine precipitates of cementite. Experimental results on a series of specimens which were tempered at each temperature from 575 K to 775 K showed that both types of temper embrittlement are identical.The second type of embrittlement, which arises at 825 K in the short term range and produces cleavage fracture by the impact test, was found to be caused by the hardening of ferrite which was induced by the fine precipitates of Mo2C type carbide.The thirdd type of embrittlement arises at temperatures around 825 K and produces intergranular fracture by the impact test. A new technique for analyzing the grain boundary revealed that the segregation of phosphorus caused this embrittlement.The fourth type of embrittlement, which arises at 875 K in the long term range and produces cleavage fracture, was found to be caused by the large sized particles of Mo2C type and Cr, C, type carbide. In the impact test, fracture occurred preferentially along the planes in which carbide particles of large size exist.The proper terms of the first to the fourth types of embrittlement were proposed by the authors : the low-temperature-, the short-term-, the intergranular- and the long-term temper embrittlement.


The f/sub T/-integration technique is further investigated through the use of vertical n-p-n transistors operating in a so-called reverse-active mode for frequency tuning range extension. The usual DC-gain enhancement scheme can be deployed to compensate the associated low reverse current gain of such reverse-active devices with no degradation in linearity. An integrator using only reverse-active n-p-n's was experimentally tested using general purpose n-p-n transistor arrays where it exhibits the DC-gain adjustable over 40 dB with the frequency range more than two octaves (0.86-4.20 MHz). Measured THD and IMD3 are below -48 dB and -46 dB respectively for output current signal peak at 50% modulation index, with SFDR=48d B. The experimental results also demonstrate that the use of such reverse-active device does not impose any performance degradation, particularly in terms of linearity.


Abstract This paper deals with the evaluation of changes in hardness of magnesium alloys during precipitation hardening that are nowadays widely used in different fields of industry. It focuses exactly on AZ31, AZ61 and AZ91 alloys. Observing material hardness changes serves as an effective tool for determining precipitation hardening parameters, such as temperature and time. Brinell hardness measurement was chosen based on experimental needs. There was also necessary to make chemical composition analysis and to observe the microstructures of tested materials. The obtained results are presented and discussed in this paper.


Signal delay means (1) for the dynamic delay of a digital sampled input signal to a memory device (2) and a downstream interpolating means (3), wherein in parallel to the memory means (2) includes a register (30) for temporarily storing at least one sample of the input signal is disposed (S characterized, that a marking means (31) is provided which, after a sample (S


Concentrates on the elements of creating commercially successful wine brands through focusing on the three major areas for international wine and spirits companies ‐ the UK, the USA and Canada. Believes that the greatest body of consumer research has been undertaken in the UK and that in the absence of any other research from these markets the UK experience for the basis of this summary. Delves into the current wine market and consumer behaviour, segmenting this into a series of ways and types and categorisations. Investigates country of origin regarding wines and lists these giving a breakdown on each.


This study aims at investigating the relationship between the board of directors' characteristics, such as (the board of directors' size, board of directors' meetings, board of directors' independency, and the academic qualification for its members), and the timeliness of issuance of annual financial reports in Jordanian banks. The study adopted descriptive analytical approach whereas the population of the study in overall Jordanian banks achieved 16 banks during the study period between 2010-2017 i.e. this study lasted eight years while the number of viewers reached 128 viewer. A number of statistical methods for data analysis were used such as descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, maximum values and minimum values), and logistic regression analysis was used in testing study hypothesis. The findings revealed the compliance of Jordanian banks within the required timetable Securities Commission was intermediate. Also, there is a positive relationship between the board of directors' size, the board of directors' independency and the timeliness of issuance of annual financial reports. In addition, there is no relationship between the board of directors' independency, the academic qualification for its members, and the timeliness of issuance of annual financial reports.


Research and Development as a Factor of Production
 The economists are chided for having neglected the element constituted by knowledge on the economic scene. It is true that when economists talk of capital they rarely include knowledge. The author claims that knowledge is the only real capital today. In truth , the relationships between knowledge , technology and production have been difficult for economists to contend with.
 One of the questions to be asked is how production is to be related to research and development. Very little is as yet known about how to deal with technological development in theoretical models of economic growth , and as Haavelmo points out , the task of merely describing what is meant by technological change is very difficult.
 The author studies then technology and knowledge as capital and concludes by saying that when an investment gives rise to pecuniary external economics , its private profitability understates its social desirability.
 The author ends his article by studying chance and research productivity , relationship of innovation to real production function , and finally gives us a model for research and development as a factor of production.


Silver nanostructure materials were synthesized through a simple oil-bath heating method by reducing silver nitrate with ethylene glycol and not using any protection atmosphere.The poly(vinylpyrrolidone)(PVP) was used as an adsorption agent in the reaction process.The scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction spectrum have been employed to investigate the products.It is discussed that the concentration mole ratio of PVP and silver ions has an influence on the final resultant.Results show that the silver nanowires can be produced at high yields when the concentration ratio of the reagents equal to 1,and a few chlorine ions are injected into the solution simultaneously.The possible formation mechanism of the silver nanowires is also discussed.


lesions. E-cadherin expression was also described, predominantly at the baso-lateral cell borders in the normal endocervical epithelium, in a previous paper. In contrast, I found that in cases of adenocarcinoma, the reaction product involved the entire membrane. Alteration in the distribution of E-cadherin in malignant squamous lesions has also been described. In their study, Vessey et al. found an increasing tendency for E-cadherin to be expressed in the cytoplasm as the grade of invasive squamous carcinoma or squamous intraepithelial neoplastic lesion increased. In their series of intraepithelial and invasive cervival squamous lesions, Carico et al. also describe a statistically significant correlation between the site at which E-cadherin and b catenin were localized and the histological diagnosis. This alteration in the site at which these molecules are detected in benign and neoplastic endocervical epithelia may reflect an alteration in cell–cell interactions associated with disease progression and ultimately invasion, as suggested by Carico et al. This is supported by a recent series which describes an association between b catenin and prognosis in cervical adenocarcinoma. Alternatively, it may simply reflect the architectural arrangement of endocervical epithelial cells, which tend to be arranged in a monolayer in normal crypts, where the relation between cells and their surroundings is at the basal and lateral borders, in contrast to multiple layers in CGIN and invasive cancers, where the interaction with surrounding cells is circumferential.


Objectives To improve the diagnosis and treatment of primary epididymal tumors.Methods 18 cases of epididymal tumors were reported and the clinical manifestations,diagnosis and treatment were retrospectively analysed.17 cases were benign tumors and 1 case was malignant.Among benign tumors,12 cases received local excision and 5 epididymectomy.Radical orchidoepididy-mectomy was undertaken in 1 malignant tumour.Results No recurrence was found in all benign tumors during a follow up of 4 months to 9 years,1 malignant case was died of metastasis within 13 months of surgery.Conclusions The medical history,physical examination,B-ultrasonography and needle biopsy of the epididymis were still main diagnosis methods and surgery was the primary therapy.


As an aid for constructing recombinant antibodies we have developed pSV2gpt/neobased expression vectors which conatltuttvely carry an enhancer 5' of an Immunoglobulin gene to be expressed. Advantage over conventional approaches is the greater choice of restriction sites available for recombinlng enhancerless V and C region genes allowing e.g. "forced cloning" schemes. In our laboratory these vectors have been used successfully to express various antibodies with manipulated V regions in stably transfected cell lines. Enhancer functions are supplied by the murine heavy chain enhancer (bases 2877-3559 of Genebank entry musigcdO7.. Xba I-end of the original Xba I/Eco Rl-fragment converted to an Eco Rl-end by A.Bothwell). The enhancer was cloned into pSV-VHABam, a derivative of pSV-V(il (Ref.l. the Internal BamHI-fragments are deleted). The Eco Rl-slte at the vector-enhancer junction of pEnVH was deleted by partial Eco Rl-dlgest, KJenow fill-up. Bam HIdlgest, isolation of the fragments extending in both directions from the Bam Hl-stte to the target Eco Rl-slte (symbolized by the arrows Inside the pEnVH diagram) and ligatlon. From pEVH the Indicated Pvu I/Eco Rl-fragment can be transferred to other expression vectors: this was done for pSV2gpt and pSV2neo yielding pSVE2gpt and pSVE2neo as well as for vectors carrying murine Ig constant region genes yielding pECf3, pECx and pECX (the letter "E" in the plasmld names denominates presence of the Ig enhancer element described here). Recombinant V/C-reglons are to be placed next to the unique Eco Rl-site with a transcrtptional orientation opposite to that of the dominant selectable markers gpt or neo.


【Objective】 In order to understand the cold hardiness of the larvae of Microdera punctipennis,an endemic species in Xinjiang desert region,at different developmental stages,changes of the supercooling point(SCP) among the instars were investigated and compared so as to predict the overwintering stage of this beetle.【Method】The supercooling point of all the seven instars of M.punctipennis were measured and statistically analyzed in the view point of the variation and frequency distribution of SCP.【Result】The results indicated that the SCP of M.punctipennis instars varied significantly among different individuals of the same instars,but followed a normal distribution.The SCP at the 1st instar ranged from-19.4℃ to-24.1℃,which was the lowest variation among all the larvae developmental stages,and the difference among individuals is small.Values of SCPs varied significantly in elder instars.The difference between the highest and the lowest value was 15.7℃(-5.6——21.3℃) in the 7th instars.【Conclusion】The results suggest that,except the adult,M.punctipennis may overwinter in the desert environment in a small portion of the old instars.


The objective of this research is to investigate the effectiveness of the radar vegetation index (RVI) derived from ALOS PALSAR full polarimetric data for forest area mapping. Comparison was made between RVI and NDVI of Landsat TM data. After examining of the index maps and the corresponding histograms, forest/non-forest segmentation was performed by unsupervised classification and by threshold method. The results show that RVI is much better in this kind of application. Considering the data acquisition capability, full polarimetric SAR data are quite promising for forest monitoring.


There is a great diversity of sandy covers near Pinczow. They look like a homogenous lithological substratum, but they differ ingenesis, texture and thickness. They determine conditions of water storage, which is a major factor determining trophism of plant - soil system. There is a wide spectrum of plant communities them, from: oligotrophic dry, pine forests with podsolic soils, to deciduous broadleaf forests, alder fen forests or flood plain forests. On sandy covers the differentiation of plant - soil system is higher in comparison to other lithological substratum on the region.


Objective: Excessive traction has been alleged as the cause of newborn complications associated with vacuum delivery. We sought to quantify subjective levels of physician vacuum traction in a simulated obstetric delivery model, dependent upon level of training. Methods: Three groups of physicians, based on training level applied traction (minimal, average, maximal) on a pre-applied vacuum model and forces were continually recorded. Detachment force was recorded with traction in both the pelvic axis and at an oblique angle. Results: Quantified traction force increased from subjective minimal to average to maximal pulls. Within each level, there were no differences between the groups in the average traction force. Detachment force was significantly less when traction was applied at an oblique angle as opposed to the pelvic axis (11.1 ± 0.3 vs 12.2 ± 0.3 kg). Conclusion: Providers appear to be good judges of the force being applied, as a clear escalation in force is noted with minimal, average and maximal force pulls. There appears to be a relatively short learning curve for use of the vacuum, as junior residents' applied force was not different from those of more experienced practitioners. Using the KIWI device, detachment force is lower when traction is applied at an oblique angle.


Poster: "ECR 2015 / C-1490 / Imaging of Complications in Acute Pancreatitis: a Pictorial Review from the Standpoints of Pathogenic Mechanism" by: "T. Wada, T. Tajima, T. Noguchi, T. Masuda, T. Okafuji; Tokyo/JP"


BECAUSE of the recent growth of interest concerning local history materials, any librarian, of either a public or a college library, is likely to find himself in possession of a manuscript collection of the papers of various founding fathers, first families, and the like. A few codes' for the handling of modern manuscripts of this nature have been published by various establishments whose chief concern is the care of such materials, but applying any of these codes to the organization of the scattered papers that come the way of many libraries is comparable to attacking a mosquito with an antiaircraft gun. One ultimate solution of the problem of caring for local collections is the establishment of a central agency to gather and preserve manuscripts from all parts of a state or region.2 But until a central agency is established, or a code for the handling of these papers in the general library is published, the description of a workable plan for their organization and care may be of some small assistance, even if only to indicate a few of the things that should not be done. In the first place, collections of this sort grow sometimes amazingly. If the library acquires a set of papers from the family of one founding father and puts it on display, the time will probably not be long until the second-best family of the community murmurs that there are in the attic (or the furnaceroom) a lot of old papers and account-books of Uncle Horace's that, in the interests of history and public service, will be presented to the library if (it is tacitly understood) Uncle Horace's papers receive as much prominence as the papers of family number one.


An assessment of the natural radioactivity in sachet drinking-water samples in Ilorin, Nigeria has been carried out. Gamma-ray spectroscopic analysis of the samples revealed the presence of 40 K, 226 Ra and 228 Ra radionuclides in high proportions. The activity concentration values range from 174.20 ± 34.19 to 376.02 ± 65.03 Bq l -1 , 9.36±2.87 to 22.52±6.20 Bq l -1 and 9.85±3.88 to 23.88±7.47 Bq l -1 for 40 K, 226 Ra and  228 Ra respectively. The derived annual effective dose received by the population as a result of the ingestion of 40 K was found to range from 0.39±0.08 to 0.85±0.15 mSv y -1 , 0.96±0.38 to 2.30±0.63 mSv y -1 for 226 Ra and 2.48±0.98 to 6.01±1.88 mSv y -1 for 228 Ra. Consequently, the effective dose received as a result of the combined ingestion of 226 Ra and 228 Ra was found to range from 1.27 to 2.32 mSv y -1 . These contributions of both 226 Ra and 228 Ra activities to the committed effective dose from a year's consumption of the drinking-water are higher than the tolerable level of 1 mSv y -1 to the general public for prolonged exposure as recommended by ICRP, and much more than WHO's recommended level of 0.1 mSv y -1 for drinking-water. Therefore, it is strongly recommended that calculated efforts should be made by relevant regulatory authorities in Nigeria to protect the populace from adverse radiological health implications. Keywords : Radioactivity, drinking-water, gamma spectroscopy, health and Nigeria


Copper and aluminum metals are classified relatively as softer materials that possess comparatively poor mechanical and wear characteristics; accordingly, this study has aimed an attempt to improve their properties and compare between them. At the present work, both copper and aluminum metals were used separately as a matrix composite for a comparative study. They reinforced with a fixed content of 4 vol% graphite as a solid lubricant and various content of 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 vol% silver nanoparticles. The pure metals and the hybrid nanocomposites were manufactured by utilizing the powder metallurgy technique. Mechanical properties such as hardness, diametral compressive strength, and tensile strength were studied. Moreover, a dry wear test was performed by applying various loads of 5, 10, 15, and 20 N with constant sliding distance and speed of 1810 m and 1.5 m/s, respectively. In order to interpret the results and prove the preparation goodness, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) and Energy-Dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis were employed to characterize the as-received composite powders, worn surface, and wear debris morphology. The results were revealed that the microhardness, diametral compressive strength, tensile strength, friction coefficient, and wear resistance were improved significantly by increasing silver nanoparticle content up to 2 vol% and 3 vol% in aluminum and copper matrix composites, respectively, and then deteriorated gradually as compared with pure metals. Convergence was observed in the wear rate results between the copper and aluminum matrix composites in the silver content of 2 vol%. Besides that, the increment in applied loads was associated negatively with the wear resistance. Lastly, the impact of improving silver nanoparticles content on strengthening the copper matrix composite is higher than aluminum matrix composite.


Background: Compromised circulatory and bone/lipid metabolic dysfunction
are two major contributors to non-traumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). Qing'e pill plus Salvia has significant
anti-inflammatory and anti-atherosclerotic action, and it could also regulate bone
formation and remodeling by suppressing osteoclasts. Case Report: We describe a
case of a 62-year- old man with ONFH of idiopathic type in earlier stage that could
not be adequately controlled with oral non-steroidal analgesics and restoring bone
loss agents for past 3 years. After six months treatment with Qing'e
pill plus Salvia, the plasma low-density
lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), apolipoprotein A1 (apo A1), apolipoprotein
B (apo B), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and blood viscosity were
measured on an empty stomach. The Harris scores were maintained during a six months
follow-up after discontinuation of Qing'e pill plus Salvia. Discussion: Our case has shown that plasma levels of inflammatory
and atherosclerotic relaxed factors and the Harris scores may be controlled with
herbal medication in ONFH of idiopathic type in earlier stage that could not be
adequately controlled with oral non-steroidal analgesics and restoring bone loss
agents.


Society must plan now for the requirements of the next century's elderly population. The authors use microsimulation to project the number of elderly, as well as their future incomes, living arrangements, and social service needs. They then show that the increase in demand for support services will grow drastically, even with optimistic assumptions regarding disability rates.


Informatics is the major technological revolution of recent decades and its effects can be felt in almost every area of human knowledge. Despite this massive presence in society, Brazilian historiography has only given its first steps towards the consolidation of informatics as an important field of research, linked to the history of science. The purpose of this article is to contribute to the discussion on the history of computing in Brazil by analyzing the first imports of computers that have occurred in the late 1950s. Due to the shortage of sources on the subject we used files of journals of mass circulation aiming an accurate mapping of the first computers installations, as well as social phenomena triggered by these machines.


Enable fixed on said display; receiving and displaying broadcast data in the broadcast data on a display of a mobile terminal: a method of broadcast data and the process for the mobile terminal, wherein the method comprises the steps according to one embodiment of the present invention relates to a display and a switching panel unit displaying the 3D image according to the broadcast data; generated by the proximity sensor of the mobile terminal a first proximity signal, to access the broadcast data display change preliminary step; and in response to the proximity sensor by the mobile terminal the touch sensor or a detection signal generated by the user, changes the display of the broadcast data.


The pathophysiological nature of the monosymptomatic primary nocturnal enuresis (PNE) in children is still the unresolved problem. The most hypotheses of pathogenesis of nocturnal enuresis are limited within anatomical, biochemical and physiological regulation of the urinary control. Based on our own observations as well as the data reported in the literature, we have concluded that in addition to described biological causes of this disorder, we should focus on the common clinical and developmental features observed in the majority of cases of the monosymptomatic primary nocturnal enuresis that could be united as "enuretic syndrome". In attempt to move "outside of the box" of the urinary control we have put forward a hypothesis that enuresis is a specific compensatory syndrome which is self-developed by the child's organism to "offset" the deviated sleep–wake mechanisms. This concept is based on the general "control system theory" and offers the explanations of the majority of symptoms. From the compensatory "offset" concept the treatment of PNE should be focused not on the suppression of the act of enuresis but on the stabilization of circadian sleep-wake mechanisms. Further investigations are needed to evaluate the validity of this concept.


Electromyography (EMG) is the subject which deals with the detection, analysis and utilization of electrical signals emanating from skeletal muscles. The field of electromyography is studied in Biomedical Engineering. And prosthesis using electromyography is achieved under Biomechatronics [1]. The electric signal produced during muscle activation, known as the myoelectric signal, is produced from small electrical currents generated by the exchange of ions across the muscle membranes and detected with the help of electrodes. Electromyography is used to evaluate and record the electrical activity produced by muscles of a human body. The instrument from which we obtain the EMG signal is known as electromyograph and the resultant record obtained is known as electromyogram [2].


W HY are we concerned about computer equity at school? Because schools have long tolerated ineq-uities in discipline, resources, athletic participation, and student achievement within their walls, and now technology must be added to the list of gaps that need attention. In the rush to install technology, schools have ignored differences in access and differences in how well prepared teachers are to use computers in their classrooms. Hence, we are turning our attention in this issue of Equity Coalition to computer equity at school. The ability to use computer technology has become a new kind of literacy which our children must master if they are to become productive, successful citizens , just as they must learn to read and write. As we continue to work together to close the achievement gaps among school-age children in the traditional areas of literacy , we should be mindful of this new area of literacy. From our vantage point it is difficult to see how anyone in our society can avoid the influence of computer technology in everyday life. There was a time when only those who had a professional interest in technology had to learn anything about it. We have long passed that point. As we prepare students for the future, we must assure that every student has access to computers and good teaching so as to become a confident, self-sufficient user. Some students may want to pursue professional roles where a high degree of knowledge and training in computers and technology will be required, but every student should learn enough about technology to be able to choose whether to become a user or a 'techie.' Whatever their bent, all students will need equal access to networked computers and to teachers who are well prepared and who have the support necessary to teach all students how to use technology intelligently. The University of Michigan, an equal opportunity/affirmative action employer, complies with all applicable federal and state laws regarding non-discrimination and affirmative action, including Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973. The University of Michigan is committed to a policy of non-discrimination and equal opportunity for all persons regardless of race, sex, color, religion, creed, national origin or ancestry, age, marital status, sexual orientation, disability, or Vietnam-era verteran status in employment, educational programs and activities, and admissions. Inquiries or complaints may be addressed to …


Intelligent wheelchair charging technology put forward a very high request to the stability of the DC bus voltage. The paper introduces principle of the three-phase PWM rectifier based on voltage and current double closed loop control structure, it does not affect following performance of the system, the current inner loop adds to feed-forward compensation. According to the power balance between input and output relations, the voltage outer loop adds to load current feedback. Q-axis current and d-axis current are individual controlled, and solve parameter of control system with Genetic Algorithm(GA), and give the voltage regulator and current regulator design method. Finally, the SVPWM current control method by simulation results show that the process of charging system stability has improved significantly.


On the basis of analysis and research on the geomorphic disasters in Chongqing urban area since the 1980s, the causes and development tendency of the geomorphic disasters are made clear The tendency shows the temporal periodicity, spatial dispersedness and regional transferability of geomorphic disasters In accordance with the tendency mentionedabove, the countermeasures against the geomorphic disasters are put forward


This presentation will discuss the various outreach initiatives that both National Grid and PES are using to reach out to pre-college children and teenagers to make them aware of the opportunities in the power industry. The goal is introduce them to electricity as well as to some of the more interesting aspects of our industry.


ABSTRACT The mechanical properties, in particular, the dynamic deformation properties of sedimentary soft rocks which were artificially weathered through dry-wet and freeze-thaw sequence are determined by cyclic triaxial tests and ultrasonic pulse tests in the laboratory. First, the relations among unconfined compressive strength qu, Young's modulus E by uniaxial compression tests, and shear wave velocity Vs by ultrasonic pulse tests are investigated, and it is shown that probable values of qu and E of weathered soft rocks can be estimated from Vs. Also, it is concluded from cyclic triaxial tests that (1) the greater the extent of weathering, the larger becomes the dependency on confining pressure of shear modulus Go at very small strain, (2) relations between shear modulus ratio G/Go and shear strain amplitude γ depend on the extent of weathering, namely the degree of degradation of G/Go with γ of heavily weathered specimens is smaller than that of fresh samples. However, if γ is normalized with respect to the reference strain γr, G/Go versus γ/γr relations are uniquely expressed irrespective of the degree of weathering, (3) moreover, material damping h versus γ/γr relations are also uniquely defined, (4) relations between Vs and γr are given as linear on log-log scaled paper, and the larger the shear wave velocity γr. the smaller becomes the reference strain γr. While this relation slightly depends on kind of materials and magnitude of confining pressure, the probable values of γr which have a significant influence on the strain dependency of G and h may be estimated from Vs.


We use snow surface temperatures obtained from thermal infrared (TIR) satellite imagery, together with radiosonde profiles of free-air temperature and high-resolution topographic data to study the thermal structure of the atmospheric boundary layer in a coastal region ofEast Antarctica. Surface temperatures over a coastal ice shelf are shown to be significantly lower than those observed on the lower part of the adjoining coastal slopes as a result of the strong surface temperature inversion that forms over the ice shelf. Between 400 and 1500 m elevation the surface temperature lapse rate is close to the dry adiabatic value while the free-air temperature profile is significantly stable over this height range. We argue that this implies that the strength of the surface inversion increases with increasing elevation. Above 1500 m the surface temperature lapse rate becomes significantly superadiabatic and the coldest surface temperatures are found a few 10s of kilometres inland of the highest topography. The t...


Changes in water status, membrane permeability, ethylene production and levels of abscisic acid (ABA) were measured during senescence of cut carnation flowers (Dianthus caryophyllus L. cv. White Sim) in order to clarify the temporal sequence of physiological events during this post-harvest period. Ethylene production and ABA content of the petal tissue rose essentially in parallel during natural senescence and after treatment of young flowers with exogenous ethylene, indicating that their syntheses are not widely separated in time. However, solute leakage, reflecting membrane deterioration, was apparent well before the natural rise in ethylene and ABA had begun. In addition, there were marked changes in water status of the tissue, including losses in water potential (ψw), and turgor (ψp), that preceded the rise in ABA and ethylene. As senescence progressed, ψw continued to decline, but ψp returned to normal levels. These temporal relationships were less well resolved when senescence of young flowers was induced by treatment with ethylene, presumably because the time-scale had been shortened. Thus changes in membrane permeability and an associated water stress in petal tissue appear to be earlier symptoms of flower senescence than the rises in ABA or ethylene. These observations support the contention that the climacteric-like rise in ethylene production is not the initial or primary event of senescence and that the rise in ABA titre may simply be a response to changes in water status.


This study aimed to seek the effect of the Note-Taking Pairs strategy on the students' critical thinking skill in reading comprehension. This study used an experimental method with pre-test and post-test design. The research sample covered class XI-IPA2 which was used as an experimental group and consisted of 26 students and class XI-IPA1 was used as a control group consisting of 26 students. The instruments used in collecting data were reading test in the form of multiple-choice and observation sheets of critical thinking skills. The finding data were subsequently analyzed by using SPSS 18. The t-test results showed that the t-test value (1.754) was higher than the t-table (1.671) at the significance level 0.05. Therefore, based on these results, it can be concluded that there is a positive effect from the use of the Note-Taking Pairs strategy on the students' critical thinking skill in reading comprehension at the eleventh-grade students of SMAN 2 Narmada.


A total of 1 893 males and 1 124 females of Squalus mitsukurii were collected from latitudes 34o 30' S and 37o 00' S, in the south-western Atlantic Ocean, during early autumn, late autumn and spring 1995, early autumn 1996 and early autumn 1998. Length-frequency distributions significantly varied between sexes for all seasons (P<0.05). Mature males predominated in all seasons throughout the analyzed area, according to their presence in the catches. In all periods sampled, immature females predominated except for late autumn 1995 where mature females were dominant. Significant differences in density among seasons were recorded for immature and mature females and mature males (P<0.05). Density of immature females and mature males were significantly different (P<0.05) for late autumn 1995 and early autumn 1996. Size-at-maturity was 43.1 cm and 55.9 cm total length for males (n = 1 181) and females (n = 862) receptively. The percentage of pregnant females ranged from 21.4% in spring 1995 to 49.8% in late autumn 1995. Ovarian fecundity varied significantly between early autumn 1995 and late autumn 1995 from 1–15 and uterine fecundity from 1–10, respectively. Embryo total length varied from 0.5–22.0 cm, attaining the highest values in autumn months. Sizeat-birth was estimated to be 22–24 cm total length.


There is a well‐known gender disparity in the engineering field. Three of the most important factors related to the participation of women in engineering are differences in perceived societal relevance, technical self‐efficacy, and tinkering self‐efficacy.


It is obviously desirable to obtain information about the life history of colo-rectal polyps and the time for an adenoma to become malignant. Direct observations are very few because the natural history of them is usually interrupted by surgical treatment or endoscopic polypectomy.Seven patients with polyp at the sigmoid colon were repeatedly examined radiologi-cally. In case 1, a diagnosis of cancer was made four years and 11 months after the detection of a clinical polyp at the same site. Volume doubling time (tD) of carcinoma was 344.8 days. In case 2, a polyp (tubular adenoma) grew quickly and volume doubling time were 213.4 days. In case 3, a polyp grew quickly during the first 12 months (volume doubling time was 225.9 days), then it stopped growing. In case 4-7, polyps did not grow during the follow-up observation for 14-27 months.Therefore, it is interesting that some tubular adenomas grow quickly, while others grow slowly.


High antimicrobial and antioxidant effects of garlic make it possible to use as an effective topical cream to heal burn wound injuries. The present research was done to evaluate the burn wound healing effects of the aqueous extract of garlic on rat model. Aqueous extract was achieved from fresh garlic. Thirty healthy adult rats were subjected to burn wounding and then randomly treated with silver sulfadiazine (positive control), cream base (negative control) and garlic topical cream (0.8%, 0.4% and 0.2%). Rats were then maintained for 21 days and macroscopic and microscopic examinations were performed through the experiment. Burn wound contraction was increased in all groups of rats during the experiment period. The highest percent of burn wound contraction at day 21 was found in rats treated with 0.4% garlic topical cream (88.10%), while those treated with cream base had the lowest wound contraction (70.30%). Rats treated with 0.4% garlic topical cream showed more rapid granulation, formation of scar and healingin the macroscopic examination. Additionally, rats treated with 0.4% garlic topical cream had the higher amounts of tissue granulation with dense collagen deposition in the microscopic examination after 21 days of wounding. Burn wound healing effects of the garlic extract was not dose depended. It seems that application of 4% garlic cream is an effective way to improve the burn wound healing of rats. However, supplementary studies are needed to evaluate other effects of garlic cream on burn wound.


Multiple factors effect children's capability to make healthy choices when it comes to food intake. A field of study pertaining to pediatric nutrition that has not been well studied relates to children's modification of food intake in response to the meal served. The purpose of this repeated exposure, randomized, cross-over quasi-experimental study was to determine food preference and portion control in two-to-five year old children of Caucasian and Asian descent (n=23). The study had two within-subject factors (portion size of main course and timing of dessert) and was conducted in West Lafayette, Indiana, from January-April 2011. Whether children participated in the study or not, all children at the child care center were served two study lunches (fish or pasta, each with dessert) twice a week for 12 weeks. The two interventions were: a) an increased portion size by 50% and b) dessert being served with or after the main course. Analyses of variance conducted on energy intake from the main course and dessert at lunch yielded significant portion size x timing of dessert interactions. Serving dessert after the meal was associated with higher kilocalorie (kcal) consumption from the main course (73 versus 64 kcal, P=0.03), from dessert (90 versus 84 kcal, P=0.04), and as total intake at the meal (162 versus 148 kcal, P<0.01). Portion size did not change the amount of food consumed. These results provide novel information supporting childhood obesity research. 2 I would like to thank the administrators, teachers, and parents of the Ben and Maxine Miller Child Development Laboratory School for their support for this study and the staff and students in the Kranz Lab who contributed to this study.


With two studies, we tested whether dispositional victim sensitivity involves one of two kinds of biased processing style: either a processing style in which unjust—but not just—information is processed more readily and accurately than neutral information or a processing style in which unjust and just information is processed preferentially over neutral information. In Study 1, victim sensitivity increased the speed with which participants resolved ambiguous sentence fragments in cases in which the resolution yielded an unjust connotation, as well as in cases in which the resolution yielded a just connotation, but not when the resolution was neutral with respect to justice. In Study 2, persons high in victim sensitivity displayed enhanced memory performance for both unjust and just information relative to neutral information over a 1–week retention interval. The results are consistent with the assumption that victim sensitivity is characterized by the activation potential and elaboration of both injustice and justice concepts. Our findings are important for the understanding of how the fear of being exploited among victim–sensitive persons shapes antisocial behaviour. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Between 1995 and 1997, grazing regimes and mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa) shrub removal were combined in a factorial arrangement to assess changes in small mammal communities on the Jornada Experimental Range in southern New Mexico. Small mammals were live-trapped biannually in winter and at the end of the growing season (fall). We examined changes in abundances, species richness, species and biomass diversity, and mean captures and biomass. Species richness did not change significantly with treatments but was seasonally higher in spring 1996 compared to the fall 1996. A decrease in species and biomass diversities were seen in fall 1996 and an increase in both diversities in fall 1997. No plots reached the same species richness, abundance, or diversity encountered during a pre-treatment study in 1993. Spring 1995 and fall 1996 revealed significant reactions to the combination of the applied treatments, yet no overall pattern can be elucidated. Environmental fluctuations such as variable rainfall and inherent stochasticity of the ecosystem may explain the lack of pattern, and only emphasizes the need for more long-term studies assessing the effects of vegetation alteration on dependent communities. r 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


The structure and progress of the antebellum southern economy influenced both the direction and rate of nineteenth-century economic growth. The existence of slavery and plantation organization in the South has had even farther-reaching social and political ramifications. To thoroughly understand these several influences it seems important to obtain a detailed picture of the variety of antebellum southern economic experience. Yet, most of the quantitative research into the economic history of the antebellum South has been limited to studying, in relatively aggregate terms, the structure, profitability, and development of the cotton economy. There remains the task of examining in detail agricultural organization in those corners of the picture made up of sub-regions, largely specializing in the production of other staple crops—specifically, tobacco, rice and sugar. This dissertation begins to fill in one of these corners. It is an examination of a relatively homogeneous coastal region, consisting of ten counties in South Carolina and Georgia, that can be viewed as a sub-economy largely centered around the production and exportation of rice. For purposes of this summary I shall limit myself to a brief discussion of a few selected findings that seem to bear most directly on our understanding of overall southern agricultural organization and economic growth: (1) the distribution of estimated rates of return earned by rice producers; (2) economies of scale as a possible explanation for the high degree of concentration in rice production; (3) the degree of food self-sufficiency in the rice coast; and (4) slave breeding in the coastal tidelands region. The investigation is based upon input and output data for a sample of 575 rice-producing farms drawn from the 1860 manuscript census. In addition, sample-wide estimates are made for commodity and slave prices, meat production coefficients, animal and slave maintenance costs, average depreciation charges, and free labor wage rates. The input-output data and sample-wide estimates are then used in a capital-value model to estimate internal rates of return for each farm. The model that is used views each farm as a seller of all its production, both final and intermediate factors, including those that it produces. The model assumes a constant (1859) input-output structure throughout the length of the investment. Inputs are kept constant by incurring maintenance expenditures equal to annual depreciation charges, and/or by selling annually any appreciation in capital resulting from the natural growth of the slave force. Finally, surplus slave sales are viewed as part of gross receipts in calculating rates of return.


An example is given of a random time ρ associated with Brownian motion such that ρ is not a stopping time but EMρ=EM0 for every uniformly integrable martingale M. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification 60G40, 60G44.


The aim of the study was to find out the Skill Related Fitness between Residential and Non Residential school boys. Sixty (60) school children's (30 Residential Boys and 30 Non Residential Boys) were selected as the subjects for this study. The age of the subjects range between 14 to 17 years. The data were collected from Patha-Bhavana school, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, West-Bengal, India. The variables for this study were selected Agility, Speed, and Power. These variables were measured by Agility in Shuttle Run to measure in Seconds, Speed in 50 yard dash to measure in Seconds, and Power in Standing Broad Jump to measures in Meters. All the tests were analyzed by sample "t"-test to calculate the collected data at 0.05 level of Significant. The result shows that in case of Agility there is No significance difference was found between Residential and Non Residential school boys, in case of Speed there is also No significance difference was found between Residential and Non Residential school boys, but in case of Power there is a significance difference was found between Residential and Non Residential school boys.


we are here proposing a new algorithm to make a simpler approach to Fingerprint Recognition, to reduce False Rejection due to accident and to reduce the problem due to shrinking of finger due to winter season or water, namely Revolutionary Extended Spatial Point Extraction using Circular Technique for fingerprint recognition (R.E.S.P.E.C.T). KeywordsFingerprint; Biometric.


We construct a Parseval frame with $n+1$ vectors in $\R^n$ that contains a given vector. We also provide a characterization of unit-norm frames that can be scaled to a Parseval frame.


A randomized prospective study was performed to compare the recovery in 41 patients undergoing uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) with either propofol‐nitrous oxide‐fentanyl or thiopentone‐isoflurane‐nitrous oxide‐fentanyl anaesthesia. The patients were referred to UPPP after examination including polysomnography and otorhinolaryngological examination. The propofol group received propofol 2 mg·kg‐1 for induction followed by an infusion of 10 mg·kg‐1·h‐1 after intubation. The thiopentone‐isofiurane group received 5 mg·kg‐1 of thiopentone for induction followed by isoflurane (0.5–2%) after intubation. Other medication was similar in both groups. In the propofol group the patients had a significantly better oxygen saturation during the first postoperative hour (P < 0.05), and a higher rate of breathing (P < 0.05), indicating a more rapid recovery of the physiologic control of breathing. Pain as measured by visual analogue score was lower (P < 0.05) during the second postoperative hour compared with the isoflurane group. Apneic episodes occurred with similar frequency in both groups, and they were related to the severity of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). We conclude that propofol is preferable to thiopentone‐isofiurane in UPPP operations, because physiologic respiratory control recovers faster and postoperative pain is less intense.


Objective To evaluate the effect of anti-inflammation and pain-killer paste on acute periapical periodontitis.Method 50 patients with acute periapical periodontitis were randomly divided into 2 groups.The test group received anti-inflammation and pain-killer paste.The control group received ordinary medicine.Results The symptoms of acute periapical periodontitis in the test group improved significantly after three days.Conclusion Anti-inflammation and pain-killer paste is more effective than ordinary means.


This article aims to describe the cultural elements of Palestinian people in Radhwā 'Āsyūr's novel, ath-Thanthūriyyah, which depicts Palestinian refugees' misery, Palestinian culture, and the struggle to defend Palestinian national identity as experienced by its main character, Ruqayyah. This study uses a literary anthropology perspective through the seven cultural elements defined by Koentjaraningrat. It employs a descriptive-qualitative approach with the data collected in the from words, phrases, sentences, and dialogues in the novel. According to the findings, there are seven elements of Palestinian culture, namely language, knowledge system, technology system, art, religious system, social organization, and livelihood system These cultural elements are presented as a form of resistance to cultural appropriation that happens because of the Israeli occupation.


The use of invasive cardiac electrophysiology and radiofrequency catheter ablation in the diagnosis and treatment of arrhythmias has become a part of mainstream cardiology practice. Atrial flutter and supraventricular tachycardias can be cured with a high rate of success and low risks of complications. The treatment of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) by catheter ablation is generally thought effective and improvements are occurring in the treatment of persistent AF. Ventricular tachycardia is also increasingly amenable to treatment. As technology and understanding of arrhythmia mechanisms both continue to evolve, then the safety and efficacy of these procedures are likely to increase.


This study aims to propose an agent-based modeling and simulation research methodology, to facilitate multi-disciplinary approach in SSME researches. This paper not only discusses the relationship between SSME and agent-based modeling and simulation, but also steps in agent-based modeling and simulation research methodology. To illustrate the proposed methodology, an agent-based model of Cibaduyut industrial cluster case is discussed. Within the Cibaduyut industrial cluster service process occurs in the form of knowledge sharing in order to reduce the number of defects. By using the proposed methodology it is possible to combines both qualitative and quantitative research as well as computer simulation and virtual experiments to formalize the interaction among agents within the industrial cluster. The experiment results show that simulation behavior can mimic the real world behavior.


FIELD: machine building. SUBSTANCE: group of inventions refers to machine engineering. Device contains casing (11) with cylindrical chamber (111) filled with viscous medium, check valve (15) and pressure regulating valve (16). The projecting partitions (115a, 115b) are made in the cylindrical chamber. The rotor (12) contains casing and blades (124a, 124b). The check valve limits the viscous medium movement between areas (111a, 111d) during the rotor rotation in normal direction. Pressure regulating valve opens when set rotation force is exceeded in normal direction. The through channel is made in the partition or blade, or both. Under second option the device contains projecting part to narrow the through channel width. Under third option the device contains plug part for first section of the through channel of the pressure regulating valve, and resilient element for the plug part pressing. Under forth option the device has check valve made as sealing element. EFFECT: creation of dampening element depending on rotation force, reduced probability of damage. 4 cl, 24 dwg


This study investigated the effects of dry basis amylose content (AC) of 4-28% w/w and inulin content (IC) of 5-25% on the structure and physical properties of microwavable rice starch-based expanded products. It was found that the structure and physical properties of ricebased products is influenced by the interaction between AC and IC. Expanded products can be obtained by using 10% shortening. Snack products were expanded in a 660 W microwave oven. It was generally observed that maximum expansion occurs in products of 4% AC and 25% IC. The highest expansion of product related to the lowest relative crystallinity (RC) in the starch gel and lowest gel hardness. With constant IC, the RC and gel hardness increased with AC. However, a constant AC, with increasing IC resulted in a lower RC and gel hardness. The higher AC resulted in greater hardness and bulk density, but a lower degree of expansion in the product. At a constant AC, increasing the IC resulted in a lower hardness and bulk density, but higher degree of expansion of products and provided uniformity of air cell size and fine structure.


Ophthalmic materials such as hydrogels and cornea have been micromachined with high repetition rate femtosecond lasers under various conditions. Index of refraction changes are characterized and lateral gradient index lenses are fabricated for vision applications.


When deciding to incorporate advanced display hardware into Navy submarines, acquisition personnel must consider its physical form and fit. Human performance concerns are often neglected, however, since no such methodology exists within this process. In this effort, we developed a toolkit to enable basic, low-resource human performance screenings of display hardware and to integrate results into acquisition decisions. As a test case, we applied the toolkit toward three display types being considered for Navy submarines: standard 2D, high-fidelity autostereoscopic 3D, and low-fidelity autostereoscopic 3D. Using minimal resources, the toolkit produced useful results that would enable acquisition personnel to gain insight into potential human performance advantages and risks that would otherwise not be considered at the acquisition stage of system development. An overview of the test case results is presented.


'Radical Ordinary' seemed like a good idea. The 'ordinary' is just, well, it is just so ordinary. No one is particularly attracted to the 'ordinary'. But our lives are sustained by the 'ordinary'. So maybe one of the ways to remind us of the significance of the ordinary is to qualify the ordinary by the word 'radical'. A clever strategy that may, given Bowlin's response to the book Coles and I wrote, be far too clever.


The invention relates to a vehicle comprising an internal combustion engine having at least one combustion chamber and a piston, a compressed air tank, the at least one tire, at least a first compressed-air connection between the compressed air tank and the at least one tire to increase an air pressure in the tire, at least one second compressed-air connection between the compressed air tank and above the internal combustion engine, and at least one valve between the second compressed-air connection and the combustion chamber, wherein the combustion engine is adapted to initiate by actuating the valve, the compressed air from the second compressed air connection into the combustion chamber, and / or generated in the combustion chamber by moving the piston compressed air initiate the second compressed-air connection in the pressurized air tank.


The aim of this research is to study the roles and responsibilities of elected
representative in Malaysia. In reality, the people were confused to understand the
formal or informal roles of elected representative, as their roles are too complex and challenging. Therefore, this research was conducted to: (i) evaluate the evolution of elected representative's institution from pre-independence era to the 12th term; (ii) classify their roles by the primary and secondary category of responsibilities; (iii) evaluate their roles in the socio-economic and political; (iv) and analyse the issues and challenges faced by them in Malaysia. In answering the research objectives, this research used primary and secondary data. The primary data were obtained through questionnaires, while the secondary data were obtained from books, journals, newspapers, and also from past studies. Respondents were chosen through purposive sampling, which involved members of Parliament and State Legislative Assembly. To guide the analysis, the political leadership and parliamentary democracy conceptual framework were used. From the analysis, there were three categories of primary roles of elected representative identified. First, parliamentary responsibilities were formal and substantial roles as representatives, legislators, backbenchers, caucus members, and whips in the legislative. Second, constituency responsibilities were informal roles to provide social services to the people. Third, they also have responsibilities to the political party, with the aims to win the election and form the government. Meanwhile, the secondary roles were complementing the primary roles. It is related to the constituency responsibilities and they could communicate and knew directly the socioeconomy and development issues faced by the people. It could be evaluated through their participations and involvements in statutory body, government-linked company, non-governmental organisation and voluntary association. Analysis also found they faced various issues and challenges when implementing primer and secondary roles such as crime, unemployment, leadership conflicts, economic depression, and so forth. As a leader, elected representatives should improve their leadership quality to deliver the best services to the people. Thus, the research findings show the elected representatives have capabilities to implement primary and secondary roles effectively as a politician, leader, administrator and manager in the Malaysian political context.


The global epidemic of type 2 diabetes demands the rapid evaluation of new and accessible interventions. This study investigated whether Aegle marmelos fruit aqueous extract (AMF; 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg) improves insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and β‐cell dysfunction in high fat diet fed‐streptozotocin (HFD‐STZ)‐induced diabetic rats by modulating peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ (PPARγ) expression. The serum levels of glucose, insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR), homeostasis model assessment of β‐cell function (HOMA‐B), lipid profile, TNF‐α and IL‐6 were evaluated. Further, the TBARS level and SOD activity in pancreatic tissue and PPARγ protein expression in liver were assessed. In addition, histopathological and ultrastructural studies were performed to validate the effect of AMF on β‐cells. The HFD‐STZ treated rats showed a significant increase in the serum levels of glucose, insulin, HOMA‐IR, TNF‐α, IL‐6, dyslipidemia with a concomitant decrease in HOMA‐B and PPARγ expression. Treatment with AMF for 21 days in diabetic rats positively modulated the altered parameters in a dose‐dependent manner. Furthermore, AMF prevented inflammatory changes and β‐cell damage along with a reduction in mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum swelling. These findings suggest that the protective effect of AMF in type 2 diabetic rats is due to the preservation of β‐cell function and insulin‐sensitivity through increased PPARγ expression. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Development and implementation of the technology-based instructional applications described in this article have been supported by a variety of funding sources, including the Peabody Dean's Office and the Office of the Provost of Vanderbilt University. "Chemworld" is being developed and tested with support from National Science Foundation Grant 9354637 to Melvin Joesten. "Classroom Management" developed by Margaret Smithey is based on conceptual designs and assignments adapted with permission from Classroom Organization and Management Manual (1993), Carolyn Evertson and Alene H. Harris. Development funds for the latter provided by Department of Education Grant R073A0004-94. "Investigations in Teaching Geometry" was developed with support from National Science Foundation Grants TPE-8751472, TPE-8950310, TPE-9053826, and TPE-9154067 to Elizabeth Goldman and Linda Barron.


ABSTRACT As park agencies become increasingly challenged to ensure not just visitation but also support for parks by a diversity of constituents, heterogeneous community engagement has come into greater focus as a research priority for the parks tourism field (Eagles, 2014). To date, however, most studies of immigrants' participation in outdoor recreation have researched "recreational patterns, motivations and constraints" (Kloek, Buijs, Boersema, & Schouten, 2015, p. 48). This article adopts a process approach to map and analyze Parks Canada's community engagement during its work to establish Canada's first national urban park, whereby residents and stakeholders of a highly diverse community were given a platform to express their opinions. Qualitative analysis of in-depth interviews reveals six themes capturing park planners' assumptions and actions to enhance community outreach and provides rich descriptions of stakeholder-agency relationships using stakeholder theory. Results suggest that to effect change, planning must shift from an equality-based process to an equity-based one.


The presented study examines different types of organizations in the cultural sector and special aspects of their operation, with a focus on the specific methods and methodologies for assessing their performance. Aim. The study aims to examine approaches to organizational performance management in the cultural sector and to propose a conceptual model for organizational performance management in this sector. Tasks. The authors identify the specific aspects of operation of different types of organizations in the cultural sector, determine indicators, methods, and methodologies for the assessment of their performance, and propose a conceptual model for organizational performance management in this sector. Methods. This study uses general scientific methods of cognition (analysis, synthesis) to establish a causal relationship in the operation of organizations in the cultural sector and to develop guidelines on improving the performance management of the said organizations. The method used by the authors makes it possible to develop a conceptual model for organizational performance management in the cultural sector. Results. Organizations in the cultural sector are invited to adopt a dynamic system of internal monitoring and regulation of performance for the purpose of having immediate impact on the organizational processes that affect the structural components of the resulting performance indicators. It should be noted that the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation tends to focus on quantitative criteria that reflect the work of organizations in the cultural sector. That said, the performance of commercially oriented organization in the cultural sector is determined using conventional methods for business performance assessment. When assessing the performance of budget organizations, the focus is on the social effect. Conclusions. The specific aspects of performance management in the cultural sector are manifested in: the predominance of social criteria over economic criteria; social responsibility; the need for government regulation of com petitiveness in certain areas of the cultural sector to maintain high moral standards; the dependence of performance on the compliance of processes and results of an organization with the benchmarks set by strategic laws and regulations; the problems of scientific organization and regulation of artistic work; the competition between the organizations in the cultural sector for budget financing. Recommendations: management of performance within the set benchmarks in organizations in the cultural sector requires a dynamic system of internal monitoring and responsive performance management that would allow targeted adjustment of projected figures through immediate impact on organizational processes that affect the structural components of the resulting performance indicator.


The rapid spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and the ensuing rise of the COVID‐19 pandemic have impacted healthcare unprecedentedly. With the scarcity of available resources, including healthcare providers themselves, novel methods for tracking aerosol and splatter in real time are required to alleviate demand and increase safety. This study evaluates the utility of riboflavin (vitamin B2) as a tracer for splatter/aerosol distribution from ultrasonic scaling in an open operatory clinic.


Normal (IMR-90) and simian virus 40-transformed (VA-13) human embryo cells were treated with antitumor nitrosoureas, and the effects on cell viability and cell DNA were compared. All six nitrosoureas tested were more toxic to VA-13 cells than to IMR-90 cells as measured by decrease in cell proliferation or in colony formation. The nitrosoureas capable of generating alkylisocyanates produced a smaller difference between the cell types than did derivatives lacking this capacity. DNA damage was measured by alkaline elution in cells treated with four chloroethylnitrosoureas. Whereas VA-13 cells exhibited dose-dependent interstrand crosslinking, little or none was detected in IMR-90 cells. The IMR-90 cells, however, exhibited at least as much DNA-protein crosslinking as did VA-13 cells. The results can be interpreted in terms of a possible difference in DNA repair between the cell lines. The chloroethylnitrosoureas are reactive compounds that are highly effective against malignant neoplasms in experimental animals (1) and have significant clinical activity against human cancer (2). The compounds decompose spontaneously under physiological conditions into two types of reactive products that can alkylate or carbamoylate nucleophilic sites (3, 4). Although the alkylating function is crucial to the antitumor action, the carbamoylating function, which is a result of an isocyanate decomposition product, is not essential (5). The isocyanate products of some chloroethylnitrosourea derivatives react intramolecularly so that little or no carbamoylation takes place, yet antitumor activity is retained (6, 7). Carbamoylation may nevertheless play a significant secondary role by interference with DNA repair (8-10), DNA replication (11-13), or RNA metabolism (14, 15). The major alkylating product, chloroethyldiazohydroxide or chloroethyl carbonium ion (16, 17), may form chloroethyl adducts with nucleic acids and proteins. The chloroethyl adducts would themselves be alkylating agents, capable of reacting with a second nucleophilic site by eliminating Cl-. This mechanism may generate covalent crosslinks between complementary strands of DNA (18, 19) and between DNA and protein (20). Both types of crosslinks have been detected in chloroethylnitrosourea-treated mammalian cells by using the alkaline elution technique (20, 21). Cell types differ in sensitivity to chloroethylnitrosoureas. In previous studies, human colon carcinoma cells having different sensitivities to 4-trans-methyl-1-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitroso-3cyclohexylurea (22) showed corresponding differences in the formation or repair of DNA interstrand or DNA-protein crosslinks (23, 24). In the current work, a normal and a transformed line of human embryo cells are found to differ in biological sensitivities to various chloroethylnitrosoureas and to exhibit a marked difference specifically with respect to interstrand crosslinking. MATERIALS AND METHODS Drugs. Nitrosourea compounds were obtained from the Drug Synthesis and Chemistry Branch, Division of Cancer Treatment, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD. The drugs were dissolved in ethanol immediately before use, except that chlorozotocin (CHLZ) was dissolved in 0.01 M sodium citrate (pH 4.5). The ethanol concentrations resulting from drug addition to culture media never exceeded 0.7% and did not affect the plating efficiencies of control cells. Cells. IMR-90, a strain of normal human embryo cells (25), was obtained at passage 4, population doubling level 10, from Warren Nichols, Institute of Medical Research, Camden, NJ. The cells were grown to passage 8, population doubling level 14, and stored frozen in ampules. Cells used in colony formation experiments were at passage 10; for other experiments, cells were at passages 10-30. The VA-13 line, a simian virus 40 transformant derived from the normal human embryo cell strain, WI-38 (26), was subcultured at low density in order to increase the plating efficiency of the line (27). Cells were cultured in Eagle's basal medium, supplemented with 10% calf serum, 1 mM L-glutamine, and 50 ,ug of gentamycin per ml in an atmosphere of 7.5% CO2 in air at 37°C. The cultures were tested for Mycoplasma by Flow Laboratories, McLean, VA, and were free of contamination. Survival Studies. For colony-formation assays, both cell types were used 2 days after plating 105 cells per 25-cm2 flask, at which time the cells were in logarithmic growth phase. Single-cell suspensions wereprepared by treating monolayers with 5% chicken serum/0.1% trypsin/25 units of collagenase per ml/0.02% EDTA in Hanks' balanced salts solution. This mixtureproduced higher plating efficiencies than 0.25% trypsin or 0.05% trypsin/0.02% EDTA. For controls, 100 cells were plated per 100-mm-diameter plastic dish; for drug treatment, 1000-6000 cells were used. The dishes were incubated for 20 hr to allow the cells to attach. The cells were then exposed to drug for 2 hr. After 2 weeks of incubation in fresh media, the plates were fixed with methanol and stained with Giemsa, and colonies (>32 cells) were counted. This procedure avoids replating of cells after drug treatment. Plating efficiencies were 18-45% for IMR-90 cells and 58-67% for VA-13 cells. In the cell proliferation studies, 5 X 105 IMR-90 or VA-13 cells were seeded in 25-cm2 flasks and incubated for 24 hr. The cells were then treated with drug for 2 hr in fresh medium supplemented also with 0.02 M Hepes. Cells were harvested at Abbreviations: BCNU, 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)nitrosourea; CCNU, 1(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitroso-3-cyclohexylurea; CNU, 1-(2-chloroethyl)1-nitrosourea; CHLZ, chlorozotocin. 467 The publication costs of this article were defrayed in part by page charge payment. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U. S. C. §1734 solely to indicate this fact. 468 Cell Biology: Erickson et al.


We have determined the orientational distribution function (ODF) of the side chain polyimide (PI) films used for liquid crystal alignment. The second-harmonic generation (SHG) in four sample geometries were measured as a function of polarizer rotation angle. To determine ODF, we developed a new fitting method of the five layer model using the maximum entropy method. We found that the ODF of the side chains of PI film of the air-side surface is quite different from that of the substrate side.


Female suicide terrorism is increasing worldwide. The phenomenon is shocking to many because it runs counter to the widespread perception of women as nonviolent. Questions have arisen concerning the motivations of these women, and different theories have been proposed. Some have alleged that female terrorists are motivated by psychological problems or by the will to avenge a personal tragedy. Other theorists argue that women are fighting to achieve gender equality, since the societies they live in are often extremely patriarchal. Yet others believe that women are motivated by the same reasons as their male counterparts: nationalistic or religious fanaticism. Whatever might be their motivation, it is clear that terrorist organizations employ women because they offer a number of important benefits. It is possible that, in a sense, female suicide terrorism is just another expression of gender oppression. Most of the time, however, women help terrorists groups in a different and more invisible way: they play an important secondary role by supporting the male terrorists and raising and educating new generations of terrorists.  It is interesting that there seems to be systematic underestimation of the danger of the female terrorists. In order to develop an effective counter-terrorism policy, female terrorism needs to be analyzed on several levels.


Bubble vial with external aluminum-foil electrodes is sensing element for simple indicating tiltmeter. To measure bubble displacement, bridge circuit detects difference in capacitance between two sensing electrodes and reference electrode. Tiltmeter was developed for experiment on forecasting seismic events by changes in Earth's magnetic field.


Optical metastability has been studied in undoped GaN films grown on SiC substrates having a previously deposited AlN buffer layer. Brief exposures to a higher intensity ultraviolet light resulted in temporary changes in the optical properties of the GaN layer. The photoinduced changes created high contrast patterns on samples that could be observed under an optical microscope with lower intensity ultraviolet excitation. The subband gap yellow photoluminescence peak at 2.2 eV increased significantly after the patterns were created. This change slowly returned (hours) to its initial value at room temperature. The retention time decreased to a few seconds at temperatures above 100 °C. The data showed that a 1.34 eV thermal activation energy exists, which suggests that the cause of these metastable properties is related to the subband gap yellow luminescence.


We have measured cross sections and analyzing powers for ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\pi}}}^{+}$ and ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\pi}}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ elastic scattering from a polarized $^{3}\mathrm{He}$ target at ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\pi}}}$=100 MeV. Measurements have been made over an angular range of 60\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} to 110\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} which extends over the region of the cross section minimum where spin effects in \ensuremath{\pi}-nucleus scattering are predicted to be largest. This is evident from the large value of ${\mathit{A}}_{\mathit{y}}$ observed in ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\pi}}}^{+}$ scattering from $^{3}\mathrm{He}$ near ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\theta}}}_{\mathrm{lab}}$=80\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}. The ${\mathit{A}}_{\mathit{y}}$ data for both ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\pi}}}^{+}$ and ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\pi}}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ scattering are qualitatively reproduced by a schematic PWIA model; however, agreement with the data is significantly improved when a full nonlocal DWIA reaction model employing realistic three-body wave functions is used. The asymmetry in ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\pi}}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$${\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}^{3}$He scattering resembles the asymmetry for ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\pi}}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ scattering from a free neutron near the cross section minimum and is about half that for ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\pi}}}^{+}$ scattering.


The 660-km seismic discontinuity in the Earth's mantle is identified with the transformation of ringwoodite ((Mg,Fe)2SiO4-spinel) to (Mg,Fe)SiO3-perovskite and (Mg,Fe)O-ferropericlase. It was suggested using quench experiments that the transformation boundary has significant negative Clapeyron slope (-3 MPa/K, Ito and Takahashi, 1989) responsible for depressions and elevations of the 660-km discontinuity in subduction zones and hot mantle plumes. Recent in situ X-ray diffraction studies in Mg2SiO4 system indicate that negative slope of the boundary is much gentler (-0.4 to -1.3 MPa/K) (Katsura et al., 2003; Fei et al., 2004). Therefore there must be the other factors resulting in significant depth variations of the 660-km discontinuity. In this study, we present the phase relations in dry and hydrous pyrolite by in situ X-ray diffraction measurements to examine the influence of compositional variations and water on post-spinel transformation. Experiments were carried out using Speed-1500 multianvil apparatus installed at BL04B1 at synchrotron radiation facility 'SPring-8' (Hyogo, Japan). Starting materials were synthetic glass representing CaO-MgO-FeO-Al2O3-SiO2 -pyrolite. In the hydrous runs 2 wt.% H2O was added as Mg(OH)2 adjusting the proportion of MgO. Graphite,


Decompositions of the rotation curves of NGC 2613, 3198, 6503, and 7184 are analyzed. For these galaxies the radial velocity dispersions of the stars have been measured and their morphology is clearly discernible. If the parameters of the decompositions are chosen according to the 'maximum' disk hypothesis, the Toomre Q stability parameter is sytematically less than one and the multiplicities of the spiral arms as expected from density wave theory are inconsistent with the observed morphologies of the galaxies. The apparent Q <1 instability, in particular, is a strong argument against the 'maximum' disk hypothesis.


ABSTRACT Between 5 and 10 % of breast and ovarian cancers can be traced to an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance of hereditary mutations in a pair of genes known as BRCA 1 and BRCA 2. They explain 90 % and 50 % of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer, respectively . Women carrying a mutation in the BRCA 1 gene, have a life risk for developing breast cancer and for ovarian cancer, a higher risk of colon cancer and men have a high risk of prostatic cancer. Women having the BRCA 2 gene mutation also have the same risk to develop breast cancer but the ovarian cancer is lower (10 % at 70 years) and is characterized for a risk of 6 % of breast cancer in men. Besides there are other known causes of these hereditary syndromes, other implicated genes still to be discovered. The more renoume syndromes are Lynch II, Li-Fraumeni, Ataxia - Telangiectasia, Cowden and Bloom syndromes, etc. Currently, it is possible to convey detection of carriers of these mutations based on DNA and a complete family history, but the useful prediction of genetic tests requires a formal counseling to interpret the results


The Kit receptor tyrosine kinase is critical for normal hematopoiesis. Mutation of the aspartic acid residue encoded by codon 816 of human c-kit or codon 814 of the murine gene results in an oncogenic form of Kit. Here we investigate the role of protein kinase C (cid:1) (PKC (cid:1) ) in responses mediated by wild-type murine Kit and the D814Y mutant in a murine mast cell-like line. PKC (cid:1) is activated after wild-type (WT) Kit binds stem cell factor (SCF), is constitutively active in cells expressing the Kit catalytic domain mutant, and coprecipitates with both forms of Kit. Inhibition of PKC (cid:1) had opposite effects on growth mediated by wild-type and mutant Kit. Both rottlerin and a dominant-nega-tive PKC (cid:1) construct inhibited the growth of cells expressing mutant Kit, while SCF-induced growth of cells expressing wild-type Kit was not inhibited. Further, overexpression of PKC (cid:1) inhibited growth of cells expressing wild-type Kit and enhanced growth of cells expressing the Kit mutant. These data demonstrate that PKC (cid:1) contributes to factor-independent growth of cells expressing the D814Y mutant, but negatively regulates SCF-induced growth of cells expressing wild-type Kit. This is the first demonstration that PKC (cid:1) has different functions in cells expressing normal versus oncogenic forms of a receptor. (Blood. 2005;105: 1923-1929) © 2005 by TheAmerican Society of


A new biosensor has been developed by a simple electrocodeposition of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), polypyrrole (PPy) and laccase (Lac) on the platinum (Pt) electrode surface. The neurotransmitter biosensor was applied to the detection of dopamine in urine samples using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The Pt/MWCNT/PPy/Lac biosensor exhibited a detection limit of 0.14 µM, which is an adequate level for monitoring dopamine in urine. Reproducibility and repeatability values of 2.9 % and 1.7 %, respectively, were obtained compared to the conventional procedure. The proposed biosensor was successfully applied in the determination of dopamine in urine, and the obtained results were in full agreement with those from the HPLC procedure.


We investigate autonomous stochastic resonance in fully frustrated Josephson-junction ladders, which are driven by uniform constant currents. At zero temperature large currents induce oscillations between the two ground states, while for small currents the lattice potential forces the system to remain in one of the two states. At finite temperatures, on the other hand, oscillations between the two states develop even below the critical current; the signal-to-noise ratio is found to display array-enhanced stochastic resonance. It is suggested that such behavior may be observed experimentally through the measurement of the staggered voltage.


College English courses are an important part of our higher education. After these years of continuous exploration and development, college English teaching has achieved fruitful results in many aspects, but the problems still remain outstanding. College English teaching assessment system is an important system to test the results of college English teaching, and its construction and development is relatively lagging behind. This paper carries on the brief analysis on the current situation of the assessment system of college English teaching, then gives the measures for the construction of the system according to my own teaching reality, and makes the simple analysis and research to the development trend. Teaching and learning have always been integral parts of the teaching process. After years of continuous construction and development, China's higher education has made remarkable achievements in many places. However, due to many reasons such as the teaching system, we have been lagging behind in the construction of teaching assessment system. The Current Situation and Problems of the Assessment System of College English Teaching The existing problems in the assessment system of college English teaching have aroused widespread concern in the society. In the author's opinion, the current assessment system of college English teaching mainly has the following problems: The Assessment System of Classroom Teaching Is not Perfect. Classroom is the main front for teaching. In classroom teaching, teachers pass on their knowledge to the students. This transmission of knowledge has a one-way characteristic. Teachers, usually only through the periodic examinations, know how the students master and understand the knowledge. There is a period of time difference between teaching and learning. If the students do not completely digest the knowledge of the previous period, then there will be an accumulative effect, making the students feel the burden of schoolwork heavier and heavier. Some students are good at communicating with others. If they do not understand, they will consult the teacher in time. However, the existence of individual cases does not represent the overall characteristics of the students and does not mean the relative perfection of this system. If the student failed to consult, then whether our teacher can find the problems and solve the problems in time is what we should be considered at the level of education system. But unfortunately, for a long time, we have neglected the existence of this issue. From another point of view, students are a special group, and they have to go through the process of growing minds or life experiences. It is possible that an emotional problem or external environment may have an impact on their achievements. How to comprehensively evaluate a student's academic level, reflects his mastery of class knowledge, and should be a scientific and objective process. However, the current classroom teaching assessment system obviously cannot meet this requirement. The Assessment Method Is Single. Over the years we have been advocating quality education, trying to remove the impact of examination, but the examination still occupy the dominant part of the college English teaching evaluation system. Assessment methods represented by CET4/6 still prevail in many colleges and universities. This single assessment method has been widely criticized, for it is lack of comprehensiveness, uniqueness and scientificalness. It is incompatible with the individualized education and the overall quality promotion advocated by quality education. Students' English ability is a comprehensive concept, which includes not only listening, speaking, reading and writing, but also students' ability to use language and control language. Furthermore, education itself is a long-term process. In education and teaching, we should pay more attention to the cultivation of students' learning ability. It takes ten years to grow trees, but a hundred to rear people. Education is not an instant success. In education and teaching, we should build a processor for students to learn more about, rather than putting a memory on them. Many educators have been working in this direction to make constant efforts, but a fairly long process is still required at the institutional level to truly change the current situation. 7th International Conference on Mechatronics, Computer and Education Informationization (MCEI 2017) Copyright © 2017, the Authors. Published by Atlantis Press. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). Advances in Computer Science Research, volume 75


Two children find themselves in a young girl?s flat with two other men and here they experience their first encounter with love and sexuality. The children lose track of time. They were expected home long ago. They drink, throw up and are intoxicated by love and ?the shameless, unbridled and licentious? world in which David, Kateřina and Stěpan live. This isn?t a classic childhood or coming of age story, but an allegory where male and female archetypes play out in the world of children.


After factory test,two fluorescent display linetype defects were found on the end face of a 12Cr2Ni4A gear used for an aero engine.Techniques of macro and electron microscopy check,metallographic examination,chemical analysis and simulation testing were adopted to determine the nature and cause of the defects.The results show that one of the defects was a scratch and another was a thermal stress crack which was initiated in the machining grinding process due to the existence of large residual stress under work stress.Some appropriate corrective measures are suggested.Controlling the amount of feed in the machining and shortening the tempering time interval after grinding may effectively reduce the probability of occurrence of cracking.


The service life of a gearbox is determined by many factors. Bearings, for example, play a major role since they contribute an important function while also interacting with the shafts, casing and oil. Without a doubt, the sizing of the bearings is of great importance in gearbox reliability. For over 50 years, bearing dynamic carrying capacity has been used to determine a suitable size needed to deliver a sufficient fatigue life. But despite the existence today of advanced calculation methods, they do not fully predict service life. Producers of high-quality bearings have introduced better ways to express (quantify) improved performance, but only in terms of increased dynamic carrying capacity. This article will cover the following: • Sizing of bearings based on dynamic carrying capacity and how this relates to service life • How the design of the interface between bearing and shafts should be adapted to modern shaft materials • How the design of the interface between bearing and gearbox casing influences service life of the gearbox • Influence of modern electric motor speed controls on bearing-type selection


Objectives: This study was performed to compare implant locators versus customized mandibular implant-retained overdentures considering patient satisfaction and prosthesis maintenance. Materials and methods: 12 completely edentulous patients from the prosthodontic department-Cairo university outpatient clinic were selected according to specific inclusion criteria. The patients were then allocated randomly into two groups using closed envelopes. For both groups, each patient received dental implants in the planned position. The patients were left for 3 months for implant healing. For group (A) the patients received two locator attachments. The attachment collar height was selected based on the soft tissue thickness keeping the retentive part 1 mm above the soft tissue level. The denture was relieved opposite the locator housing and the attachment was picked up using cold-cured resin. For group B, the implants were exposed, and healing collars were placed. After 2 weeks, the implants were scanned using an intraoral scanner. The denture was readapted using a light body closed mouth impression. The relined denture was scanned from both the fitting and the occlusal side. The scanned fitting surface was used to create an inverted virtual model and preceded till creating custom locator attachments. The generated custom attachment abutment was milled from grade V titanium blanks using a 5-axis milling machine. The abutments were anodized into gold color using an electric anodizer. The attachments were then sterilized and placed in the patient mouth as set before in the design. The pick-up of the housing was done in the same manner as group A. For both groups, the patients were given instructions for using and maintaining the overdenture. Initial denture corrections were made in the first 2 weeks if any complaint existed. The patients were recalled periodically at 3 months, 6 months, 9 months & 12 months respectively. Results: Likert scale out of 5 was followed for patient denture satisfaction along 3, 6, 9, and 12 months for groups A & B. Applying an Independent t-test for significance evaluation between group A and group B, precluded the higher significance of group B than group A for all follow up as P-value <0.05.For prosthetic maintenance along twelve months follow-up, group B revealed a lower insignificant different incidence of prosthetic complications than group A using the Chi-square test for significance testing between proportions as P-value >0.05. Conclusions: Customized locator attachments are highly recommended to retain mandibular overdentures, as they exhibited better maintenance values and more wear resistance with minimal loss of retention. Moreover, can be utilized by any presented implant system in the market, in addition, Patients were completely satisfied with their customized locators retaining their implant-supported overdentures.


In 1848,I had under my weat Ceylon a lady, the subject of a lge collection of hydatids is usero: these wer the cnsequence of an early miciage The peculiarity of the cae consisted in its being complicated by a generl and complete paralysis of the upper and lower extremities, including also the trunk of the body; there was present a universal anathesia (the integuments were every where insensible to touch or feeling); and the muscular system was, as a whole, without power or motion. Articulation and respiration were continued with great difficulty, and the power of swallowing (deglutition) was performed only with a very sensible effort. The history of this case,* which is both long and interesting, went to convince me that the morbid state and contents of the uterus were the cause of all the symptoms just mentioned; and I advised, therefore, the dilatation of the os uteri by artificial means, in the hope that the c6utents of the womb, whatever they may have been, should be got rid of. After some delay, I was allowed to adopt this very necessary and indispensable proceeding. I dilated the os uteri with the largest sized bougie, on two different occasions; and, after some thirty hours, the expulsive efforts of the uterus terminated, and most satisfactorily, in the discharge of a large quantity of hydatids. My patient recovered after some time, and is at this date in pertect health. Now, I would have it borne in mind that this body was more than pamplegic; in Dr. M. Hall's acceptation of the word, she was without the excito-motory or true spinal functions-these had even failed to manifest themselves in her case; and nevertheless the uterus responded well and completely to the manipulations practised; and, what is more, the contractions of this organ being once excited, were continued in the most natural manner possible, and terminated only when the hydatid mass was expelled. Here then, alone, we are supplied with a strong position against that theory of Dr. Al. Hall's which assigns the efforts of parturition to the medulla spinalis-or, to write more strictly, to the excito-motory system. Such then are my reasons for believing1. That the more complicated anatomy of the spinal cord, suggested by Dr. IAI. Hall, and sought for by Mr. Grainger, has not yet been realised. 2. That the mere sensory and motor nerves or roots are themselves sufficient to the integrity of all those phenomena called excito-motory, which emanate from the spinal cord; ,or, in other words, that there is no necessity for any distinct division of the nervous (spinal) system, for the production of the excito-motory phenomena. 3. That the exercise of the functions of the spinal cord is due to the peculiar influence of the ganglionic nervous system, exerted on its organism.


Group in the front row at the Waitangi Day celebrations, Waitangi. From right: Philip Holloway, Mrs C F Skinner, C F Skinner, P G Connolly, Walter Nash, Erskine (ADC to Governor General), unknown, unknown, Viscount Cobham, Johnson Villiers (ADC to Governor General), unknown. Photograph taken 6 February 1960 by Lou Hobson Studios, Kaitaia.
Quantity: 1 b&w original photographic print(s).
Physical Description: Silver gelatin print 9 x 14 cm


The objective of this research is to explore the social-emotional experiences of graduate students with exceptionalities within and across university faculties, with emphasis on understanding the implications for student learning and cognition. While extant research has examined the experience of students with different exceptionalities at the undergraduate level, research in the context of graduate education is sparse. Graduate school differs from the undergraduate level by emphasizing an advanced in-depth study and progression in a chosen academic field. The sample for this study will include students enrolled in the School of Graduate Studies at research-based Ontario Universities. A two-phase multiple-method approach is ideal for the purpose of this study. In phase one, an initial exploratory approach utilizing qualitative methodology will be used to allow for a more in depth understanding of the experiences of graduate students with exceptionalities. In phase two, data collected from individual interviews will set the foundation for the development of a survey tool used to investigate the experience of graduate students with exceptionalities within research-based Ontario Universities offering Master


The challenge of target classification is addressed in this work with both feature extraction and classifier hyperparameter optimization investigations. Simu lated and measured high-range resolution radar data is processed, features are se lected, and the resulting features are given to a classifier. For feature extraction, we examine two techniques. The first is a supervised method requiring an "expert" to identify and construct features. The performance of this approach served as moti vation for the second technique, an automated wavelet packet basis approach. For this approach, we develop the Kolmogorov-Smimov best-basis technique that util izes empirical cumulative distribution functions and results in improved classifica tion performance at low dimensionality. To measure classification efficacy, we use a quadratic Bayesian classifier, which assumes a Gaussian distribution as well as a support vector machine. The support vector machine is a classifier, which has gen erated excitement and interest in the pattern recognition community due to its gen eralization, performance, and ability to operate in high dimensional feature spaces. Although support vector machines are generated without the use of user-specified models, required hyperparameters, such as kernel width, are usually user-specified or experimentally derived. We develop techniques to optimize selection of these hyperparameters. These approaches allow us to characterize the problem, ulti mately resulting in an automated approach for optimization, semi-alignment.


Based on the characteristics of ventilation system in tunnels and subways,the application of ATS48 soft starter was introduced.The properties of this soft starter were expounded and the practical application in the efflux fan and the axis sheds fan,including the main and control circuit's figures,were proposed.By applying this soft starter,the transformer's designing capacity and the maintenance cost can be reduced,and the equipment's service lifetime can be lengthened.