This paper presents a novel and effective characterization method for giant piezoresistive properties of silicon nanowires by using the reference structures. This contrast detection approach investigates the influences of quantum size effect and surface defects effect on piezoresistive coefficients of silicon nanowires by direct comparison of the resistivity change ratio of silicon wires with nanoscale-to-microscale width under the same applied stress conditions. The characterization experiments based on four-point bending tensile test demonstrate that piezoresistive coefficient of small nanowidth silicon nanowire can be significantly increased to about five times higher levels than that of bulk silicon under the same impurity concentration, which indicates that the silicon nanowire can have giant piezoresistive effect. On the other hand, to solve the problem on nanowires pick-up, we proposed a nanowire piezoresistive detection approach, whose validity is confirmed by the dynamic LDV resonance test. Meanwhile, to investigate the influence of undercut arising from the wet chemical release process of the suspended silicon nanowire, a three-dimensional finite element simulation is also carried out for the fundamental resonant frequency using ANSYS software. The numerical and experimental results show that our piezoresistive detection is accurate and effective and the undercut should be carefully considered in the design of the high frequency resonator and mixer. The findings of this paper provide some useful references for the piezoresistive effect measurement and the piezoresistive pick-up in nanoelectromechanical system.


The gene sequence of Manduca sextajuvenile hormone diol kinase (JHDK) codes for an enzyme that has 59% sequence identity to Drosophila melanogaster sarcoplasmic calcium-binding protein-2 (dSCP2). JHDK and dSCP2 are similar to G-proteins with three conserved sequence elements involved in purine nucleotide binding. Both proteins contain two pairs of EF-hand motifs. Characterization and partial purification of the D. melanogaster homolog of M. sexta JHDK from adultD. melanogaster gave material with JHDK activity. This activity has an experimental pI and molecular mass that are nearly identical to those of dSCP2. Moreover, D. melanogasterphosphotransferase activity has very similar chromatographic retention in three systems compared with M. sexta JHDK. Substrate docking to three-dimensional models of JHDK has shown that the three conserved nucleotide-binding elements surround the putative substrate-binding site and align with conserved sequence elements of p21Ras and adenylate kinase. D. melanogaster dSCP2 is a homolog of M. sexta JHDK, and these proteins constitute a novel kinase family that binds nucleotides using the scaffold of an SCP (Protein Data Bank code2SCP).


The creation of the Moorish guard was part of a general tendency among European monarchs to employ armed troops that were permanently available to them and solely dependent on their authority. In order to understand how the Moorish knights acted and were organised, it is therefore necessary to know a little about the dynamics of the army in the first half of the 15th century. The development of a royal or state army as such, i.e. one characterised by a certain stability and clearly differentiated from the mesnadas or armed companies of vassals, was a relatively late phenomenon and is usually related to the birth of the modern State in Europe. In the case of the Moorish guard, salaries were registered in two provisions books of the royal chamber, under the heading raciones moriscas.Keywords: Europe; Moorish guard; royal army


The water splash, bubble triggered by sphere impact onto the water, and the impact coefficient of water entry were systematically studied based on ALE(Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian) multi-material method. The ALE multi-material method's capability to reproduce the complex process of water enter, and the abilities to reflect the density, impact velocity and surface hydrophilic and other factors' influences on the splash and bubble, were proved by means of comparing the simulation results and the experimental, theoretical data, and the impact coefficients were analyzed through simulation. Finally, the computational efficiency of parallel computing to solve large-scale fluid-structure interaction problem was discussed. The results show that the fluid-structure interaction simulation method based on ALE multi-material formulation is an effective way to simulate water entry process, and the optimized parallel computing technology can greatly improve simulation efficiency of solving large-scale complex water entry analysis model.


The present invention provides a suction head and a method of assembly and maintenance for surface mount devices, the suction head comprising: a main body; a shaft mounted on the main body, the movement direction of the longitudinal axis of the shaft, and around the longitudinal axis, the shaft includes a lower shaft and an upper shaft, the lower shaft is removably attached to the shaft; suction nozzle mounted on the lower end of the shaft, the suction nozzle Electronics member, wherein the suction nozzle is connected to the air passage disposed under said shaft.


CPC puts great emphasis on cultivating the whole nation's thought and politics.On the basis of China farmers' thought situations in different periods such as the early stage of New China's foundation,socialist revolutionary,socialist construction,and socialist modernization construction and so on,CPC has made relevant policies and has formed socialist core values and core value system in the long period of cultivation practice,which has provided powerful spiritual motivation and thought guarantee for the construction of socialism with Chinese characteristics.


This paper investigates the operational modes of buck dc-dc converters and their energy transmission methods. The operational modes of such converters are classified in two types, discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) and continuous conduction mode (CCM). In this paper, the critical inductance relation of DCM and CCM is determined. The equations of the output voltage ripple (OVR) for each mode are obtained for a specific input voltage and load resistance range. The maximum output voltage ripple (MOVR) is also obtained for each mode. The filter size is decreased and the minimum required inductance value is calculated to guarantee the minimization of the MOVR. The experimental and simulation results in PSCAD/EMTDC prove the correctness of the presented theoretical concepts.


The invention relates to microwave, hot-air and vacuum combined drying equipment which comprises a heating cavity, a microwave drying system, a hot-air drying system, a vacuum system and a temperature measurement and control system, wherein a plurality of energy feeding ports are formed in the side wall of the microwave heating cavity, so that an asymmetrical multi-feed microwave heating system is formed; and the microwave heating system is combined with a hot-air drying mode, a vacuum drying mode and the like to form the multifunctional combined drying equipment which integrates hot-air drying, microwave drying and vacuum microwave drying and has the characteristics of high drying uniformity, high efficiency, energy conservation, wide application range and the like. The microwave, hot-air and vacuum combined drying equipment is suitable for drying of materials such as fruits and vegetables of different shapes and with different water content. An operator can flexibly select a single drying mode according to material characteristics and finished product requirements and also adopt a combined drying mode. The equipment can dry the materials in a microwave low-temperature environment and is in particular suitable for quick drying of thermo-sensitive and easily oxidized materials.


In Alberta over the last three years there has been a marked prevalence of what we believe to be a vitamin A deficiency in beef animals. At first we were unable to offer a satisfactory diagnosis, due mainly to the predominance of symptoms of central nervous system origin. With the occurrence of new cases further investigations established vitamin A deficiency as the prime factor in these losses, and in this work we had the full cooperation of Dr. L. W. McElroy, head of the Department of Animal Science of the University of Alberta. One of our greatest difficulties was that we were unable to have vitamin A plasma levels run routinely. Neither the facilities nor skilled technicians were available to ensure accurate results for such determinations. Sections of the parotid ducts as described by Helmbolt (1) were made routinely but the degree of metaplasia was not always constant with the clinical case. The one case which confirmed our diagnosis was a 3-day old Jersey calf showing extreme symptoms and which was brought back to normal with the administration of vitamin A. The symptoms in this calf could be reproduced in 72 hours by the feeding of the dam's milk which was aerated for several hours to destroy its A content.


Based on discussing each unit of the lithostratigraphic rock composition,fossil assemblages and depositional environment from Mesozoic to Cenozoic in Wulaga fault-depression,Jiayin County,Heilongjiang Province,and comparison with other basins in Sunwu-Jiayin and Songliao basin,the authors divided the Mesozoic and Cenozoic strata into three tectonic layers and five lithostratigraphic units,and discussed their distribution and evolution,and made the regional geological map.The Wulaga basin shows three significantly different basin evolution stages,during which the two distinct unconformities are recognised,namely: the unconformity between upper Cretaceous and Lower Cretaceous and between the Upper Cretaceous and Neogene,thus made three different types of basin evolution stages in Wulaga from Mesozoic to Cenozoic;they are Early Cretaceous rift basin evolution stage,the Late Cretaceous large scale inland depression,and Neogene inland basin evolution stages.


The author presents an algorithm for computing the eigenvalues of a symplectic pencil that arises in one of the commonly used approaches for solving the discrete-time algebraic Riccati equation. The algorithm is numerically efficient and reliable in that it employs only orthogonal transformations and makes use of the structure of the symplectic pencil. It requires about one-fourth the number of floating point operations that the QZ algorithm uses to compute the eigenvalues of the pencil directly. The proposed method can be regarded as being analogous for the case of symplectic pencils to the method developed by C. Van Loan (1984) for computing the eigenvalues of Hamiltonian matrices.<<ETX>>