According to the multi-benefits of forests,this article puts forward the concept of multifunctional afforestation,elaborates the relationship between multifunctional afforestation and classification management,mixed afforestation.It also enumerates some examples of actual utilization of multifunctional afforestation.Meanwhile some problems and countermeasures are analyzed.


The goal of this paper is to introduce the notion of exogenous state feedback for discrete-time systems. It is shown that a discrete-time system may be linearizable by exogenous feedback, even if it can not be linearized by endogenous feedback. This property was completely unexpected and constitutes a fundamental difference with respect to the continuous-time case. The theory is illustrated through an example whose structure is similar to the exact discrete-time model of a mobile robot, showing that the above mentioned property concerns not only academic examples, but physical systems as well.


One of the most common uses of water distribution system water quality modeling is to simulate the chlorine residual in the network. Most standard software pac…


The need for the inclusion of a special mathematics course for students studying chemistry at the tertiary level of education has been justified by several reasons ranging from the mathematical processes involved in understanding chemistry, students' inability to handle simple mathematical manipulations required in chemistry, and the lack of transfer of mathematical skills learned in mathematics class to chemistry. At a South African university, we faced the challenge of addressing common mathematical skill deficiencies among our chemistry student teachers (N = 82), who appeared unable to cope with basic mathematical skills required in understanding certain chemistry topics. To address this problem, students' mathematical deficiency skills (DMS) were assessed using tests on various areas of mathematics relevant to some chemistry topics. The data was collected in two stages. DMS were first identified using a Semi-open Diagnostic Test, and then students who had the worst DMS were interviewed. The findings revealed that a lack of skills in these mathematics topics (e.g., algebra, curve sketching, simple differentiation and integration) causes students to struggle in producing the breadth of knowledge required to understand chemistry concepts such as kinetics, rates, and reaction mechanisms, as students lacked: (i) the ability to resolve the relational complexity among major mathematics concepts in chemistry problems, and (ii) the ability to process information and representation skill, number and pattern concept skill, and visual-spatial skill.


National Geochemical Reconnaissance surveys began in Saskatchewan in 1974 under the Canada' Saskatchewan Agreement on Mineral Exploration and Development and are continuing under the Canada' Saskatchewan Subsidiary A-greement on Minerul Divelopment (1954 - 89). A total of 10,638 centre-lake sediment samples with an average sitedinsity of 1 per 13 kmz have bien collected from over 137,(ilM km2 of northern Saskatchewan. They have been analysed for somi oiall of Zn, cu, Pb, Ni, co, Ag, Mn, Cd, Fe, Mo, Y, As, Hg, U, LOI*, F, Sb, and Au. Near-surfoce lake -waters, collected from 6,870 sites since 1977, have been analysed for Il, F and pH, Regional compilations of movingaverage geochemical trend maps delineate high concentrations in the underlying bedrock, and in other instances may reflect aieas of enhanced economic mineral potentiat (e.g. elevated U, Cu, Ni and Au in Aphebian supracrustal belts). In 1984, gold analyses were undertaken on over 3,5(N archived lake sediment samples collected during the 1974 regional survey oY the southeastern Saskatchewan Shield area (Geological Survey of Canada, 1985b). Anomalous concentrutions of Au were found along the length of the La Ronge Domain, in the eastem Flin Flon Domain, throughout part of the Glennie Lake Domain, and in parts of the lltathaman Batholith. These data suggest that goldbearing potintial exists in lithostructural units outside Aphebian supracrustal sequences. Release of this information has prompted the mineral industry to acquire nearly 68,9(N ha of new mineral claims. Geochemical follow-up studies of anomalous concentrations of Au in lake sediments were initiated in the Ll/addy Lake area and the Chancellor - Karos Lakes area of the La Ronge Domain in 1985: 1) In Lladdy Lake, loss-on-ignition (LOI) values are typically less than 12 per cent, and Au values range from less than I to 65 ppb. Clusters of anomalous Au values were found in lake sediments adiacent to known Au occutrences. Waddy Lake data suggest that at least some of the variability in Au concentration may be attributed to this metal's presence to some extent in patticulate form. 2) Lake sediments in the Chancellor Lake area have LOI values ranging from 2 per cent to 50 per cent, and Au values ranging from less than I to 49 ppb. Sandy tills with Au concentrations up to 15 ppb were identified adjacent to Chancellor Lake. 3) Lake sediment samples collected from Karos Lake, where a 386 ppb Au value was repofted (Geological Survey of Canada, 1985b), have LOI values generally less than 20 per cent and rcturned Au values less than 2 ppb. Gold-concentration variability in Karos Lake may represent an extreme case of the particle-sparsity effect resulting from particulate Au. 4) Elsewhere, anomalous Au values in lake sediments were identified adjacent to basic volcanic rocks of the La Ronge belt southeast of Eyaapo Lake. Regional and follow-up geochemical data indicate that Au distribution in lake sediments is influenced to a much grcater degree by bedrock composition, mineralization, and glacial till than by LOI, Fe and Mn levels. ' LOI: Loss on ignition.


The Yanomamö Indians of the northern Amazon tributaries constitute one of the largest unacculturated tribes of South America. The first sustained contact of Caucasians with a village of this tribe was in 1950; many villages still have had no or minimal contact with civilization. Stool samples obtained in 1967 during a field expedition to two recently contacted villages 250 miles apart were studied for serotypes of E. coli. Using standardized techniques described by the NCDC, six colonies were isolated from each of 75 samples and typed against 148 presently known serotypes of E. coli. Only 204/432 isolates were typable. Eight strains of enteropathogenic E. coli were isolated from 13 subjects; serotypes 055, 0111, and 0126 occurred in samples from both villagees while five other enteropathogenic serotypes were confined to one of the two villages. Thus far ten new serotypically unique strains of E. coli have been isolated. For 8/10 of the new serotypes, positive reactions were confined to one village only; for 2/10, positive reactions were recognized in samples from both villages. E coli of stool samples from an urban population of S. America (Cali, Columbia) gave negative reactions to the new serotypes. Although these observations substantiate the ubiquity of certain E. coli serotypes, a more pertinent observation is the finding of at least ten new serotypes, and the relative uniqueness of these between villages and apparent absence from a control population. These investigations are one aspect of an effort to understand primitive man in his ecosystem; they suggest that the 'internal milieu' must be as well studied as the 'external'.


This study examines the impact of affirmative action programs on federal employment to determine if equality of opportunity has been achieved across the various occupational categories and management, professional and supervisory positions. The study differs from most studies of EEO in that it utilizes the five-percent Public Use Microdata Sample from the 2000 Census rather than the database normally used by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. The findings suggest that after 40 years of intensive affirmative action efforts the federal government continues to employ a disproportionate number of minority group members than would be expected from their representation in the labor force. The disparity in employment of various minority group members is surprisingly large, suggesting that good intentions may have only intensified discrimination in federal employment for some minority employees.


Sir, Proximal white subungual onychomycosis (PWSO) is the rarest subtype of onychomycosis (1). In PWSO, the infection begins with fungal invasion of the stratum corneum of the proximal nail fold, followed by infection of the deeper portions of the nail plate. This presentation of onychomycosis is most commonly caused by T. rubrum; other common causative agents include T. megninii, T. schoenleinii, T. tonsurans, T. mentagrophytes, and E. £occosum (1, 2). The majority of initial cases of PWSO reported were patients with AIDS (1 ^ 3). In one study, 55 of 62 HIV-infected patients with onychomycosis (83.7%) had PWSO (4). In more than half of these patients (58%), T. rubrum was the etiologic agent. PWSO has also been reported in patients with other immunode¢ciencies, including a renal transplant recipient on immunosuppressive therapy (5), and a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus on systemic steroids (6). In addition, Baran (7) described a case of proximal subungual candida onychomycosis as a manifestation of chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis. Recently, however, there have been several reports of immunocompetent patients developing PWSO (8 ^ 10). We now report two immunocompetent patients with proximal white subungual disease, and review the other cases described, emphasizing that not all patients with this presentation are immunode¢cient.


Force distribution is an important problem for the legged robots with active force control, the allocation of the foot forces can also achieve a desired force and torque on the hexapod robot. This paper presents a force distribution algorithm for redundant problem reduction, linearization and reducing the internal force. Combining the distribution algorithm with force control, the robot can walk on the uneven terrain and regulate the normal force based on the posture deformation of the trunk body, and a control framework based on the impedance model of legs is designed to enhance robustness facing unknown terrains. The extensive experiments have been carried out on a real hexapod robot named ElSpider, and the experimental results have demonstrated the effectiveness of the presented algorithm.


This paper determines the effect of powdered natural filamentous algae in the biosorption of heavy metal ion hexavalent chromium (VI) from aqueous solution. Cr (VI) is a highly toxic metal ion reported as a major pollutant content from various manufacturing industries. Over other wastewater treatment processes, biosorption is the most effective and economical for removal of Cr (VI) from aqueous solution. Effective absorption of Cr (VI) from aqueous solution using natural filamentous algal biomass was studied at various pH, contact time, optimum dosage, and initial concentration of adsorbate. The biosorptive ability of biosorbent was reliant on the pH of the biosorbate, with pH 2 being most favorable. Results were analyzed by the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm equation and the determined characteristic parameter for adsorption isotherm was 17.24 mg/g at pH 2 and temperature 30 oC. FTIR study was carried out, which suggested that the presence of Cr (VI) ions in the biomass affects the bands corresponding to hydroxyl and carboxyl groups.


The conformational space of 1,4,7-trioxacyclononane (9-crown-3) was studied using Conflex-AMBER and ab initio calculations at the density functional level of theory (DFT). The Conflex-AMBER calculations predict that the [225]100 conformation with C2 symmetry is the global minimum with the [144]0 conformation being 0.9 kcal mol-1 above the global minimum and these two conformations exist in a deep conformational well. The next lowest energy structure is 3.3 kcal mol-1 above the global minimum. The DFT studies show that the stability order is inverted. The C2 symmetry conformation [225]100 is 0.9 kcal mol-1 higher in energy than the global minimum [144]0 conformation and the next lowest energy conformer is 4.8 kcal mol-1 above the global minimum. The study highlights the flexibility of 9-crown-3 and the suitability of Conflex-AMBER program for conformational space searching of macrocyclic ligands.


We introduce the notion of a measured limit and show how it can give meaning to asymptotic expansions in which the coefficients are variable and may even have poles. We give an algorithm for computing the measured multiseries of a large class of elementary functions.


We measured the scalp hair using a simple device, a plastic headband connected with a tapeline at the center of headband by a snap (Figure 1) and four reference points to promote reproducibility. The reference points were ''P'', ''V'', ''Fr'', and ''Fl'' points. ''P'' is the point of intersection between the posterior midsagittal line and the horizontal line connecting the upper ear roots (Figure 2A). ''V'' (Kang's point) is the point of intersection between the midsagittal line and the coronal line connecting the tips of the tragus (Figure 2B, dashed line). By using a plastic headband and a tapeline, ''V'' can be measured conveniently because the headband presents the coronal line connecting the roots of the ear vagus, and the attached tapeline easily shows the midsagittal line (Figure 2B). We measure ''V,'' which is located roughly 1 to 1.3 cm in front of the anterior margin of the headband and record the distance from the headband to the midpoint of the line connecting the lower margins of the eyebrows for reproducibility. ''Fr'' is the point of intersection between the right frontal hairline and the tapeline extending from the pole of the headband to the highest point of the right eyebrow (Figure 2C). ''Fl'' is the point of intersection between the left frontal hairline and the tapeline extending from the pole of the headband to the highest point of the left eyebrow (Figure 2D). We record the distance from the headband to the highest points of the eyebrows for reproducibility.


The aim of this paper is to present the significant changes in public expenditures policy at European Union level, after 1990. Firstly, the paper analyzes the dynamics of public expenditures over a period of time between 1991-2009 and shows that countries which started to reduce public expenditure since the 1990s have recorded considerable decreases, in comparison with those who have started the process of fiscal reform later (after 2000). Secondly, in order to explain the dynamics of public expenditure, there has been done an analysis on the functional and economic structure of public expenditure. There are differences in the dynamics of these categories of public expenditure from one EU Member State to another, depending on the degree of economic and social development, but also on tax reform policies of the public authorities.


Based on the reference model of the multiplication removal quick second-order low-pass filter and state machine implementation through timing sequence instruction, the paper proposes the designing method of the state machine for multi-frequency point IIR low-pass digital filter. Thus, it sets to meet the requirements of multi-frequency and quick filtering in the digital digital processing system. It then verifies the correctness and feasibility of the functions of filter state machine through ModelSim simulation. At last, it optimizes the performance of quick second-order low-pass filter through cascading method and realizes sound application in the silicon micro-machined gyroscope digital measurement and control system.


65 p. Includes sections of Appendix PP: 1883 annual report of Capt. Charles F. Powell, Corps of Engineers, detailing construction, and other works of river and harbor improvements for the Willamette and Columbia rivers. Also included are reports and ...


In our previous study, we found quercetin 3?-O-methyl peracetate (QMPA) more than 3-MQ effectively inhibited PDE1~5. QMPA whether possesses anti-asthmatic effect is the aim of this investigation. Female BALB/c mice were sensitized by an intraperitoneal injection of ovalbumin (OVA), then challenged via the airway by ultrasonic nebulization of 1% OVA two times. After secondary challenge, the airway hyperresponsiveness was measured in unrestrained animals, nebulized with methacholine (MCh, 5~50 mg/ml), by barometric plethysmography using a whole-body plethysmograph. In the present results, QMPA (3~10 μmol/kg, i.p.) dose-dependently attenuated the enhanced pause (Penh) value induced by MCh (25~50 mg/ml). Furthermore, QMPA (10 μmol/kg, i.p.) also significantly inhibited MCh (12.5 mg/ml)-induced Penh value. The Penh values of mice administered QMPA (3~10 μmol/kg, i.p.) did not significantly differ from those of non-sensitized mice QMPA (3~10 μmol/kg, i.p.) also significantly inhibited total inflammatory cells, neutrophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes and macrophages, in BALF after determination of Penh values. It also significantly attenuated the release of IL-2, IL-4, IFN-γ and TNF-α. It at 10 μmol/kg furthermore significantly inhibited the release of IL-5. QMPA (3~10 μM) significantly inhibited cumulative OVA (10~100 μg/ml)- induced contractions of isolated sensitized guinea pig trachea. By Lineweaver-Burk analysis, QMPA (1~10 μM) competitively inhibited PDE3 and PDE4 activities. In conclusion, QMPA selectively and competitively inhibited PDE3 and PDE4 activities. At doses of 3~10 μmol/kg (i.p.), it possessed more anti-inflammatory and bronchodilating effects than 3-MQ. Therefore it may have more potential in the treatment of asthma.


In this paper, we study to express the theory of curves including a wide section of Euclidean geometry in terms of dual vector calculus which has an important place in the three -dimensional dual space $\mathbb{D}^{3}$. In other words, we study $DAW(k)$-type curves $\left( 1\leq k\leq 3\right)$ by using Bishop frame defined as alternatively of these curves and give some of their properties in $\mathbb{D}^{3}$. \ Moreover, we define the notion of evolutes of dual spherical curves for ruled surfaces. Finally, we give some examples to illustrate our findings.


Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) viraemia is associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma and lymphoproliferative diseases. In HIV‐1 infection, persistent EBV viraemia is a common phenomenon. The underlying mechanism of these high EBV DNA loads has not been clarified. We studied EBV viraemia during primary HIV‐1 infection (PHI) to explore the mechanism of EBV viraemia in HIV‐1 infection.


In order to optimize the parameters,the study on the decolorization of juice in fine sugar production suing two types of decolorant and three types of flocculant combined with floatation was carried out by means of orthogonal test.The results showed that the best effect of reducing color and turbidity of the juice can be achieved by suing decolorant TR and flocculant TALODURA.The color and the turbidity can be decreased by 65.74% and 72.05%,respectively.


Breast cancer is the development of a malignant tumor in the breast of human beings (especially
females). If not detected at the initial stages, it can substantially lead to an inoperable construct. It is a reason for majority
of cancer-related deaths throughout the world.

 The main aim of our study is to diagnose the breast cancer at early stage so that required treatment can be
provided for survival. The tumor is classified as malignant or benign accurately at early stage using a novel approach that
includes an ensemble of Genetic Algorithm for feature selection and kernel selection for SVM-Classifier.

 The proposed GA-SVM (Genetic Algorithm – Support Vector Machine) algorithm in this paper optimally
selects the most appropriate features for training with the SVM classifier. Genetic Programming is used to select the
features and the kernel for the SVM classifier. Genetic Algorithm operates by exploring the optimal layout of features for
breast cancer, thus, subjugating the problems faced in exponentially immense feature space.

 The proposed approach accounts for a mean accuracy of 98.82% by using the Wisconsin Diagnostic Breast
Cancer (WDBC) dataset available on UCI with the training and testing ratio being 50:50 respectively.

 The results prove that our proposed model outperforms the previously designed models for breast cancer
diagnosis. The outcome assures that the GA-SVM model may be used as an effective tool in assisting the doctors for
treating the patients. Alternatively, it may be utilized as an alternate opinion in their eventual diagnosis.


This exploratory study expands the knowledge concerning service qualitydimensions in the context of Internet commerce, from the differing perspectivesof two groups: Internet purchasers and Internet non-purchasers. Six primaryservice quality dimensions perceived by Internet purchasers were uncovered:reliability, access, ease of use, personalization, security, and credibility whileseven dimensions were discovered for Internet non-purchasers: security, responsiveness,ease of use, reliability, availability, personalization, and access.When examining the relative importance of each dimension affecting overallservice quality assessment, the "reliability" factor was found to be the mostimportant dimension for Internet purchasers while Internet non-purchasersconsider "security" as their most critical concern.


PARK7/DJ-1 is a multifunctional protein that acts as a regulator in stress responsive cascades. Since its original discovery as a novel oncogene, DJ-1 was further implicated in the correspondingly dubbed PARK7 autosomal recessive early onset Parkinson's Disease variant, expanding the spectrum of its pathophysiology to neurodegenerative disease. DJ-1's physiological roles have correspondingly expanded in the literature, effectively revealing an almost ubiquitous presence in cellular compartments and tissues. DJ-1's functions mediate a diverse armamentarium of cytoprotective effects such as RNA binding, SUMOylation, androgen receptor binding, and regulation of mitochondrial dynamics as well as a recently discovered deglycase activity (Richarme et al., 2015). Despite the diversity of these aforementioned pathways, DJ-1's role appears to be that of an oxidative stress sensor, linking stress induced shifts in the intracellular milieu with the activation of antiapoptotic pathways in tandem with repair mechanisms (Wilson, 2011; Richarme et al., 2015) (Figure 1). In this setting, DJ-1's epigenetic roles are best examined along with its interactome members that are implicated in histone post translational modifications, i.e., acetylation/deacetylation. One of the earliest interactions was reported in 2003, indicating that DJ1's positive regulation of androgen receptor signaling was effected by its binding with the DJ-1 binding protein (DJBP); the latter initiated the formation of a repressive histone deacetylase complex that was inactivated by its binding by DJ-1 (Niki et al., 2003). A subsequent study by Zhang et al. (2008) described a NonO-histone acetylation/deacetylation switch regulating early atherosclerotic extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. This switch was reported to be controlled by the oxidative status of DJ-1's C106 cysteine residue, regulated in turn by selective TNFa-mediated oxidation. In silico studies from our group reported at least two more potential epigenetic mechanisms in malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) and in multiple sclerosis (MS) (Vavougios et al., 2018b). Whereas DJ-1's expression was associated with deacetylation and resistance to apoptosis in malignant pleural cells in the former, acetylation and increased apoptotic signaling was found as the predominant function in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in the latter (Vavougios et al., 2018b). Further experimental evidence on DJ-1's epigenetics and specifically, its direct implication in histone acetylation/deacetylation have emerged within the last three years, showing a tissue specific profile for the range of its physiological effects as well as their potential perturbation. The gestalt of these studies points to early oxidative stress-mediated histone post translational modifications effected by DJ-1 in the premorbid state, with tissue specific perturbations arising with the onset of the clinically identifiable disease. An example of this modus operandi is epigenetic control exerted by DJ-1 over the prorenin receptor (PRR) expression via an histone deacetylase (HDAC)1/H3 acetylation switch in the promoter region of PRR, initiated via the oxidative modification of DJ-1 (Lee et al., 2015). This HDAC1/H3 acetylation switch is also reported as both active and DJ-1 dependent in the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) promoter, consequently regulating vasorelaxation and by extent, blood pressure (Vavougios et al., 2018a). At this point it would be important to outline a general paradigm for DJ-1 as it arises in the literature: its stress responsiveness would represent the afferent (Wilson, 2011) whereas the cascades it enables would be the efferent branch of a homeostatic loop (Zhang et al., 2008). In this sense, the epigenetic machinery regulated by DJ-1 would remain stress responsive, promoting cytoprotection in a tissue-specific manner. This role is further supported by the protein's sequestration and regulation of mitochondrial homeostasis and protein synthesis, indicating a strategic in situ entrenchment proximal to potential sources of endogenous stressors (Wilson, 2011). Aside from DJ-1's emerging epigenetic profile, several of its interactors are increasingly recognized as potential targets of acetylation, deacetylation and methylation. Among the most salient members of its interactome, the p53 protein has been shown to regulate downstream pathways in a stress-responsive manner that is, in turn, controlled by its acetylation status (Vilas-Zornoza et al., 2011). Another example would be presented by mutant SOD1 (mtSOD1) in the setting of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, in which selective HDAC6 modulation by mtSOD1 leads to increased tubulin acetylation and conversely, regulates mtSOD1 aggregation (Gal et al., 2013). Re-evaluating the role of DJ-1 in the central nervous system (CNS) in light of its emerging profile as an epigenetic regulator, its emerging epigenetic profile appears to be delineated in concert with a paradigm shift in CNS therapeutics; specifically, the recognition of acetylation homeostasis (and by extent, its dysregulation) as a major node determining the advent of neurodegenerative disease. Consequently, the targeting of histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and HDACs presents itself a field of therapeutics that remains to be fully explored (Saha and Pahan, 2006). Lessons learned on failed epigenetic therapeutics would need to be incorporated in any novel approach; namely, the correct identification of the perturbed histone post-translational modification complex promoting the pathogenesis of a specific disease. Compounds failing that condition on the premises of a broader targeting spectrum (such as valproic acid) have shown little to none promise in favorably affecting cellular epigenetics in the clinical setting (Rius and Lyko, 2012). To summarize the points discussed in this editorial, we would have to examine the emerging evidence on the epigenetic profile of the DJ-1 protein in the premises of an intricate pathophysiological basis; while DJ-1 has been proven to mediate both epigenetic events and neurodegeneration independently, the case for a causative interplay between these two aspects may currently be possible to be assessed only in multiple sclerosis. Namely, DJ-1 appears to be perturbed both in the CNS (Hirotani et al., 2008) and the periphery (Vavougios et al., 2018b). While these studies are not directly comparable, both point towards the combined effects of perturbed apoptotic signaling in response to intracellular stress. Again however, it important to stress that aside from the in silico study from our group. Finally, it is interesting to note that, DJ-1 may already be an affected bystander of one of the available disease modifying treatments of MS, indicating that complex interactions may involve not only disease pathophysiology, but also treatment (Vavougios et al., 2018a). Taking into account the complex network of epigenetic modifications regulated by DJ-1's interactome (Niki et al., 2003; Zhang et al., 2008), it becomes evident that both previous literature and future studies should take into account factors such as HDAC/ HAT homeostasis when examining DJ-1's implication in neurodegenerative disease. Much like its recognition as a deglycase, DJ-1's emerging epigenetic profile may require both a reconsideration of the past as well as a more thorough planning of future research.


Influence of flux creep on ac susceptibility (acs) of a superconductor was examined by simulation. Comparing the acs with and without flux creep, it was found that frequency of ac field shifted the acs with flux creep but did not affect the acs of critical state model. In addition, the amplitude of ac field and dc field affect differently for the two models.


I read with great interest the article on febrile convulsions by Wolf et al. (Pediatrics 59:378, March 1977). It is always enjoyable to read an article which confirms one's personal bias.
 I would like to offer one point for discussion. In group 1, which received phenobarbital continuously, the daily dose of 3 to 4 mg/kg/day was at the low range of the commonly used anticonvulsant dose of 4 to 6 mg/kg/day.1 Perhaps the continuous use of a dose of 5 mg/kg/day would have further decreased the incidence of recurrent febrile convulsions.


Small-sided soccer games, i.e. 1v1 are often used in training, which results in a composite influence on the player. Training exercises stimulated in the game allow to master many skills, form habits and modify behaviors associated with solving specific situations during a match. The aim of the study was to assess the intensity of exercise during a 1v1 game for goalkeepers. Eight goalkeepers participated in the experiment (body weight 80.63 ±3.50 kg, body height 184.69 ±3.71 cm, BMI 23.64 ±0.74). All goalkeepers played 1v1 games. During the small-sided game players can use all the goalkeeper techniques to score a goal. During all of the matches, heart rate (HR) was recorded using a sport tester, LA was measured in the second minute after the end of each game. There was also collected data determining subjective assessment of the effort made by the players using Borg scale (RPE). The highest average HR and RPE were recorded in the third match, respectively (192.38 ±8.07 b/min; 14.38 ±2.07), while in the first match the examined parameters were on average 186 ±8.85 b/min; 11.38 ±1.51, and in the second 186.00 ±8.09 b/min; 13.50 ±1.85 respectively. The highest LA level was recorded after the second match and equaled 7.71 ±2.07 mmol/l (7.06 ±3.54 after the first match and 7.5 ±1.37 after the third match). The 1v1 game requires the use of similar to the real game actions, as well as the average exercise intensity is also similar to the scoringopportunity situations and conditions of a match.


Abstract – The "indoor" access network is characterized by several branches and impedance mismatches that cause many reflections. In the present paper, a new way of modeling the transfer function of a power line is proposed. The proposed model starts by considering the power line channel as a uniform transmission line. This allows the power line channel to be described as a cascade of simple two-port networks, each of which may be easily described with its transmission matrix. This approach allows us to model in the frequency domain any power line channel, regardless of its topology, by considering as special two-port networks any series or shunt impedances (i.e., branches) present along the line. This approach also implies the validity of the TEM approximation. It is possible to prove that this assumption is valid assuming correct mode excitation, which differs from conventional twisted pair. In so doing, the usual problems encountered in the time-domain characterization of the power line channel as a multipath channel can be avoided. Interestingly, the transmission matrices approach allows us also to show the existence of a particular symmetry of the power line channel that was not previously revealed [5].


Presence service has become one of the key application services, which can be applied in many areas, such as buddy status, tele-working, ticket sale, the Internet of things, location-based service and so on. And cloud computing, widely used to provide a variety of IT services, has been a new method of sharing infrastructure. This paper presents a design and implementation of presence service deployed on a cloud computing environment. Open source implementations such as a cloud platform, a presence server, an XCAP server are deployed to establish the testbed. The testbed practically analyzes the presence service work flows, WEB interface for presence service. And the service quality in the cloud environment is analyzed through many special stress tests. Finally, the paper points out many evolutions of the testbed, and extends presence service to IMS system.


The present invention relates to a shoe having a communication function and an exercise information service system using the same, and more particularly, a multifunctional module including a GPS module, a mobile communication module, and a Bluetooth module is provided in the shoe to provide location information, wireless call, and exercise information. It relates to a shoe having a communication function that can be provided and an exercise information service system using the same. Therefore, the present invention has an effect that can easily be provided regardless of time and place, location information, radio call and exercise information. Shoes, GPS, GIS, Bluetooth, Wireless Call, SOS, Mobile Antenna, GPS Antenna


Generally, coastal sandy soil has low water content and potassium nutrients. One way to fix this is by adding organic matter and potassium fertilizers. Sugarcane press mud compost as organic material acts as a slow-release fertilizer, it has an effect long enough to support plant growth. A pot experiment was carried out to test the probability of combining sugarcane press mud compost and potassium fertilizer to improve the vegetative growth of corn plants in coastal sandy soils. This research was arranged in a factorial completely randomized design. The first factor is the dosages of sugarcane press mud compost (0, 20, 25, 30, 35 tons per hectare). The second factor is the dosages of potassium fertilizer (0, 60, 90, and 120 kg K2O per hectare). After applying basal fertilizer (120 kg N per hectare and 90 kg P2O5 per hectare) and the treatment factor has been applied, the corn seed is planted and grown until vegetative growth or at flowering. The results showed that sugarcane press mud compost and potassium fertilizer interacted with the effect of shoots fresh and dry weight, fresh weight, and root dry weight. The combination treatment of 25 tons of sugarcane press mud compost per hectare and 90 kg K2O per hectare (B2P2) resulted in the highest fresh weight and dry weight of shoots. Meanwhile, the combination of 0 tons of sugarcane press mud compost per hectare and 120 kg K2O per hectare (B0P3) produced the highest fresh weight and plant roots' dry weight. The two treatments did not interact in influencing plant height and potassium content in the corn leaf tissue. Both the sugarcane press mud treatment (20, 25, 30 and 35 tons per hectare), and the application of potassium fertilizer (60 and 90 kg K2O per hectare) significantly increased plant height growth. The highest dosage of sugarcane press mud compost (35 tons per hectare) and potassium fertilizer (120 kg K2O per hectare) produces potassium content in plant leaf tissue.


Participatory poverty relief involves communities and farmers through empowerment in decision-making,implementation and management of projects,strengthening the self-confidence and capacity of farmers and the self-reliance and self-development of communities.It also promotes the establishment of operating and management mechanism of projects and community capacity building,laying the foundations for sustained development of poverty reduction projects and poor areas.Empowerment,however,is a gradual process which demands efforts in many ways.


Aiming at the drawback of single signal inspected by traditional intelligence alarm, a new design that uses a single chip microcomputer as controller to detect multiple paths and signals is introduced, which has not only the function of traditional sound alarm, but also the function of alarm display and phone autodialing. Besides, its working principle is analyzed.


The scrub role during surgery is clearly important and is currently dominated by nurses and operating department practitioners (ODPs). Recently, there has been discussion about whether this role could be undertaken by healthcare support workers (HCSWs). This article by Martin Hind reports on a survey of operating theatre nurses, where little support was found for allowing HCSWs to develop into a scrubbed role. The professional and legal issues to role boundaries are also discussed and the article illustrates that, despite the lack of nursing support for such a development, the issue is far from resolved. Recommendations are made for further discussion and deliberation as well as a review of all roles within the operating department.


A new species of Begonia sect. Reichenheimea, B. bimaensis Undaharta & Ardaka, is described from Mt Muria in Bima District, Sumbawa Island, Indonesia. The species is a narrow endemic, currently known from only one population, and has been assessed as Vulnerable using IUCN criteria.


A description is given of DASH, a display and sight helmet system which measures the pilot's line of sight and transfers the information to other aircraft systems, thus enabling the pilot to achieve lock-on of sensors, avionics, and weapons onto a target simply by looking at it. Crucial information, such as line of sight, TD boxes, flight information, status, and warnings, is displayed directly in front of the pilot on the helmet visor, eliminating the need to glance inward at the instrument panel or head-up display. With expanded lock-on envelope, shorted aerial engagement, increased survivability, user-friendly display and HOTAS controls, the system proved to be a true revolution in air-to-air and air-to-ground combat. The author gives a technical description of the system, discusses its operational aspects, and addresses future programs and developments.<<ETX>>


The gastrointestinal ecology (GE) of piglets fed diets containing non-starch polysaccharide hydrolysis products (HP) and egg yolk antibodies against K88 fimbriae (EYA) following oral challenge with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88 (ETEC) was investigated. The HP were products of incubating feedstuffs with a blend of carbohydrase enzymes. Forty, 21-d-old pigs (two pigs/pen) were assigned to four diets to give five pens per diet. The diets were: a control fed without or with 5 g kg-1 of HP and EYA either singly or in combination forming a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Following a 9-d adaptation period, all pigs were orally challenged with ETEC and killed at 24 and 48 h post-challenge (one pig/pen on each occasion). Feeding HP increased pre-challenge average daily gain (252 vs. 207 g d-1; P = 0.01). An interaction (P < 0.10) between EYA and HP was observed such that when fed in combination they resulted in higher ileal digesta lactic acid and cecal DM contents and lower ileal digesta ammonia. The main eff...


It is a pleasure to introduce some selected articles, all written by the members of the Argentine Association for Surgery of the Hand. This scientific association was founded in 1974. The first President was Prof Dr Eduardo A. Zancolli, a pioneer of Hand Surgery in our nation and all over the world. Since its foundation, our association organizes an annual meeting in which the current researches and clinical studies are presented. Last year's Congress joined 542 participants, most not only from Argentina, but also some from other Latin American countries. We had 7 international speakers from United States, Europe, Brazil, and Chile. The papers presented in these meetings always have some new technical descriptions, or some original modifications to earlier existing operations. These types of papers were selected for this issue of the THUES, according to the Journal's objectives. All of them were presented at the XXXV annual meeting that our Argentine Association organized in the city of Mar del Plata in October 2009, and were chosen from more than 80 free papers and 100 participations in Symposia and Round Tables. It is a great honor for our association to have the opportunity to share our knowledge and our work with all the Hand Surgery Community; I want to thank THUES editors in my own name as in the name of the authors for this unique chance. I have enjoyed guest editing this meeting almost as much as I enjoyed presiding the meeting itself. I trust that readers will try these descriptions to advance and improve the care of patients with upper extremity disorders.


The relationship between linguistic experience and phonemic representations in spelling was investigated in two groups of Mandarin–English bilingual children (aged 5–6 years) who spoke mostly Mandarin-L1 (n = 23) or mostly English-L1 (n = 27) at home. A 60-item cloze task including high- and low-frequency words with word-initial and word-final target phonemes that are either common to Mandarin and English (/f/ and /p/), or found only in English (/v/ and /b/), was developed and administered to both groups. With performance for a neutral control phoneme /m/ matched, spelling accuracy for the common phonemes was equivalent but the Mandarin-L1 children's performance for /v/ and /b/ was significantly poorer than that of their English-L1 classmates in low-frequency words. For both groups, performance on word-final targets was poorer for English-only phonemes than common phonemes. If early literacy development depends on stored phonological representations of the first language, these findings have implications for language minority communities.


Purpose: To study the presentation and outcomes of infantile Terson syndrome (TS). Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of 18 eyes of nine infants diagnosed to have TS-related intraocular hemorrhage (IOH). Results: Nine infants (seven males) were diagnosed to have IOH secondary to TS, of which eight infants had imaging features suggestive of intracranial bleed meeting our definite criteria. Median age at presentation was 5 months. In 11 eyes of six infants with suspected birth trauma, the median age of presentation was 4.5 months (range 1–5 months) of which one baby had a history of suction cup-aided delivery and four babies had a history of seizures. Vitreous hemorrhage (VH) was noted in 15 eyes (extensive in 11 eyes). Ten of these eyes showed membranous vitreous echoes, or triangular hyperechoic space with apex at the optic nerve head (ONH) posteriorly and base at the posterior lens capsule anteriorly, with or without dot echoes in the rest of the vitreous cavity, with a configuration of "tornado-like hemorrhage" suggestive of Cloquet's canal hemorrhage (CCH). Eight eyes underwent lens-sparing vitrectomy (LSV) and one eye underwent lensectomy with vitrectomy (LV). On follow-up, disc pallor and retinal atrophy were noted in 11 and 10 eyes, respectively. The mean follow-up was 62 months (1.5 month–16 years). Visual acuity/behavior improved in all cases at the final follow-up. Developmental delay was noted in four children. Conclusion: Unexplained and altered vitreous hemorrhage with typical ultrasonography (USG) features should raise the suspicion of CCH in TS. Despite early intervention to clear visual axis, anatomical and visual behavior may remain subnormal.


Thyroidectomy is reported the most common endocrine surgical procedure being carried out throughout the world. The challenges faced by an anesthesiologist during thyroid procedures are never ending, scenarios being ranging at any stage, be it preoperative, intra operative or post operative. Thyroid surgery mandates optimal preparation on one hand, while enlarged gland further adds to the anesthetic challenges with an anticipated difficult airway. Various other cardiac comorbidities add on to the difficulty. Thyroid storm in an inadequately prepared patient can occur due to various causes adding the burden on to the anesthesiologist. Complications such as hemorrhage, laryngeal edema, nerve palsies, tracheomalacia, tetany, pneumothorax etc. that develop postoperatively pose a challenge in the post operative recovery area. Our present review aims at a detailed analysis of the risks faced and challenges encountered during a successful administration of anesthesia in a 50 year old female Mrs. Kiran Sharma with a progressively increasing large multi nodular goiter posted for total thyroidectomy. Keywords: Difficult airway; thyroidectomy; tracheomalacia; multi nodular goiter;


The real-time acquisition, transmission, processing, and analysis of field data are the foundation of rapid decision-making and response in modern manufacturing enterprises. However, the variety, heterogeneity and the closed CNC system of NC machine tools make it difficult for enterprises to collect information at manufacturing spots. In order to solve this problem, it studies two collecting methods of NC machine tools, compares the advantages and disadvantages of these two methods. Based on external PLC and OPC, it shows in detail on the method of realizing data real-time acquisition of processing states by acquiring electrical circuit signals of NC machine tools.


When thinking about the concept of 'group agency', a number of questions come to mind. We may wish to ask, in the first place, whether it is even legitimate to consider a group as an agent. Is it not just a linguistic shortcut to attribute knowledge, or even action, to a group, for example when we claim that a research centre has mapped the DNA of a new organism? The first and foremost task that List and Pettit undertake in the book being reviewed here is to explain why we should consider certain groups as agents. The authors defend the claim that some groups, just like individuals, satisfy all the conditions for being an agent. That is, to possess a world view, to have a set of plans or desires as to how the world should look like, and to have the capacity to bring actions about in order to change the world so that it looks (more) like those plans. List and Pettit defend a version of non-reductionism for group agents that does not imply the existence of emergent properties of groups over and above those of the individuals. The problem of whether groups can be considered autonomous agents is not new, but the major contribution of this book is in bringing together a number of very powerful analytic tools (among others, social choice theory and Bayesian epistemology), as well as concepts from philosophy of mind and moral theory, which allow the authors to tackle some of the most pressing questions on group agency. The authors intend the book as a " pilot project " (p. 16) insofar as it shows dead ends as well as open paths for the research on group agents to follow. List and Pettit start the discussion with a bird's eye view on group agency: what the concept implies, what the literature has said about the concept before, and which methodology the authors are adopting. The authors choose to work from the viewpoint of a " design stance " (p. 13), that is, to identify the limits upon and possibilities for a group to function as an agent, given its structure (its design). The choice allows


Dear Editor, The anatomy and physiological characteristics of pigs are closer to those of humans than those of other non-primate animals. Therefore, pigs are considered excellent models for xenotransplantation and disease modelling. Several pig models of human diseases have been developed using gene editing technology. However, some of these diseases are too severe to permit the survival and reproduction of pig models. Therefore, new methods need to be developed to preserve these valuable germlines and genetic resources. Spermatogonial stem cell transplantation (SSCT) is one method to protect the germplasm via germline transfer between male donors and recipients. Primor germ cells (PGCs) comprise the initial progenitors of the germ cell lineage during development. After a series of complex developmental processes, including epigenetic reprogramming and meiosis, PGCs can develop into sperm cells and oocytes in male and female embryos, respectively. Genes such as Nanos3, Tial and Dnd1 play important roles in the development of PGCs during their differentiation. After Nanos3 is deleted in mice, PGCs undergo apoptosis during migration, resulting in the complete loss of male and female germ cells. Histological findings revealed no germ cells in the testes or ovaries of Nanos3 pigs recently created by chimeric embryo injections. To improve upon chimeric embryo injections, which might yield mosaic pig models, the present study used somatic cell nuclear transfer-based cloning. The construction of non-mosaic, germline knockout Nanos3 / pigs with stable genotypes and phenotypes would be essential for germplasm preservation work. Here, we constructed a Nanos3 / pig by somatic cell nuclear transfer (Figure 1A). We initially constructed a Nanos3 knockout vector (Figure 1B) and cotransfected cultured primary pig embryonic fibroblasts (PEFs) with Cas9-GFP and an sgRNA for Nanos3. We obtained the male cell lines, Nanos3 / #7 and Nanos3 / #1, and a female cell line, Nanos3 / #51 (Figure 1C). Sanger sequencing of the PCR products of these knockout cell lines confirmed the correct genotype (Figure 1D). We then performed somatic cell nuclear transfer and transplanted 4156 reconstructed embryos into 23 surrogates, and 10 were detected using B-US between 28 and 32 days later. Finally, 18 male and 10 female cloned piglets were born (Figure 1C and Figure S1A). Genotyping of the ear tissues using PCR showed that Nanos3 was knocked out in all neonatal piglets (Figure 1E). The cloned piglets were raised in a clean, standard environment (Figure S1B). Statistical analysis showed that >70% of the cloned piglets survived for at least 200 days (Figure S1C). These data showed that somatic cell nuclear transfer led to the creation of stable model pigs with complete, constitutive and germline Nanos3 knockout. Next, we analysed the reproductive system of the Nanos3 / pigs. We stained the testes of Nanos3 / male pigs with haematoxylin and eosin (HE) at the ages of 0 days, 3, and 6 months, and found that spermatogonial stem cells and sperm could not be produced (Figure S1D and Figure 1H). Staining ovarian tissues from Nanos3 / pigs with HE revealed no primary and secondary follicles, or corpus luteum structures at 0 and 3 months (Figure S1E), and no follicle structures and oocytes at 6 months (Figure 1L). We then examined the protein expression of NANOS3 (Figure S1F), DAZL (Figure S1G), and DDX4 (Figure S1H) to confirm the presence of rare germ cells in the testes of Nanos3 / pigs, but no germ cells were detected. We also examined the cell division and differentiation markers (RD51, γH2AX, and CYP3) for spermatogonial stem cells in 3-month-old WT testes (Figure 1I–K), but no such cells were detected in Nanos3 / pigs. These findings indicated that Nanos3 knockout completely disrupted the formation and meiosis of spermatogonia in Nanos3 / pig testes. Moreover, DAZL, DDX4, or NANOG signals were undetectable in newborn and 3-month-old female Nanos3 / pigs, indicating the complete absence of female germ cells (Figure S1I–K and Figure 1M–O). We further analysed the expression of genes related to the proliferation, differentiation, and meiosis of spermatogonial stem cells in testes from Nanos3 / pigs (Figure 1F and Figure S1L). The expression of these genes was significantly decreased in Nanos3 / compared with wild-type (WT) pigs. The expression of germ cell-specific, follicle developmentand meiosis-associated genes, as well as the ZP3 gene associated with zona pellucida development was substantially lower in the ovaries of Nanos3 / , compared with WT pigs (Figures 1G and S1M). Body weight (Figure 1P,Q), and levels of testosterone, estradiol, prolactin, luteinizing and follicle-stimulating hormones (Figure 1R,S) did not significantly differ between WT and Nanos3 / pigs. Taken together, these data showed that Nanos3 knockout specifically disrupted the survival, proliferation, and differentiation of germ cells, which did not affect the overall growth and sex hormones of the genetically engineered pigs. Therefore, Nanos3 / pigs can theoretically be used as recipients for SSCT to perpetuate exogenous germlines. Received: 26 February 2023 Accepted: 15 March 2023


This paper is focusing on the stability analysis of aperiodic sampled-data systems. The augmented Lyapunov functional is powerful to produce a stability criterion with less conservatism owing to the well construction of coupled relationships among time-dependent states. In this paper, a novel augmented Lyapunov functional involving the time-squared-dependent augmented term is presented under the double-side looped-functional technique, which considers coupled relationships more fully than the current ones. Then, an improved negative definiteness lemma based on adjustable parameters is developed, resulting in a less conservative negative definite condition for the derivative of the Lyapunov functional. Finally, a stability criterion is derived based on the Lyapunov functional and the improved lemma, whose effectiveness is illustrated with four numerical examples and one practical example.


The purpose of this study is to consider the possibility to apply a third-sector railway "Furusato-gingasen", for improvement the service level of transportation between central and eastern Hokkaido. Most of the lines which were separated from JNR (Japan National Railways-the forerunner of Japan Railways) were reborn as thirdsector railways. But the plans of management to maintain the minimal level of transportation infrastructure had not been discussed enough. The environment of transportation in rural areas is expected to become more difficult after the relaxation of restrictions on supply and demand adjustment in mass transit. The economy of Hokkaido Chihoku-kogen Tetsudo Company, the owner of the "Furusato-gingasen", is not healthy just like other third-sector railways in rural areas. New countermeasures should be estimated and tried at this critical turning point.The first step was test calculation of the high speed improvement utilizing the "Furusato-gingasen". We had a result that it would cost approximately four billion yen. We also analyzed the attitudes of the residents in Kitami and Abashiri who usually use railways. As the result of the simulation by a modal choice model, it was clear that application of the "Furusato-gingasen" would be able to raise the share of railway transportation between Sapporo and cities in eastern Hokkaido.


The development of wireless communication system toward high frequency and high reliability needs that surface acoustic wave filter(SAWF)must have the characteristics of high acoustic speed,high electrome- chanical coupling coefficient,low inserting loss and high temperature stability.SAWF with multilayer structure can meet these requirements,so it draws a great attention,and great progress has been made in it.The basic structure and principle of SAWF are briefly discussed.The latest research progress in SAWF with multilayer structure is reviewed, including theoretical researches and experimental ones,and its development trend is pointed out.


Probability is a fascinating theory. It provides a precise, clean, and useful model of uncertainty. The successes of Probability Theory in Computer Science are remarkable: data science, machine learning, artificial intelligence, voice and image recognition, and communication theory are based on that theory. The objective of these notes is to introduce the key ideas of Probability Theory on simple examples. Hopefully , this overview will help you see the forest as you explore its different trees in the course. Setup Imagine a bag with 100 marbles that are identical, except for their color. Among those, 10 are blue, 20 are red, 30 are green, and 40 are white. You shake the bag and pick a marble without looking. Probability You will certainly agree that the odds that you picked a green marble are 30 out of 100. Similarly, the odds that you picked a blue marble are 10 out of 100. We say that the probability that the marble is green is 30/100 = 0.3. We write Pr[green] = 0.3. Interpretation What does this mean precisely? Well, this is not really that obvious. Two interpretations are useful. The first interpretation is a subjective willingness to bet on the outcome. Imagine the following game of chance. You bet some amount and you get $100.00 if the marble is green. How much are you willing to bet? I would be willing to bet $30.00. The second interpretation is frequentist. It says that if you were to repeat this experiment (shaking the bag with 100 marbles and pick a marble without looking), you would pick a green marble about 30% of the time. Note that this is an interpretation at this point, not a theorem. Additivity Consider the event 'the marble is blue or green.' The odds of that event are 40/100. We write Pr[blue or green] = 0.4. Note that Pr[blue or green] = Pr[blue] + Pr[green]. This is not surprising since the number of marbles that are blue or green is the sum of the number of blue marbles plus the number of green marbles. We say that probability is additive. Conditional Probability Assume that the marble you picked is blue or green. What are the odds that it is blue or red? Well, since you picked one of the 40 marbles that are either blue or green, that marble is blue or red only if it is one of the …


Freeway traffic management efforts in the Twin Cities metro area started with the implementation of isolated ramp metering on E-35E north of downtown St. Paul in 1970. This system included the first two freeway to freeway ramp meters in the metro area, at the entrances to southbound I-35E from eastbound and westbound TH36. This paper presents an overview of the ramp metering program including specific information on freeway to freeway ramp meters. Information is also presented on the overall traffic management goals and objectives, the traffic management initiatives being deployed in addition to ramp metering, and the ramp metering program evaluation results.


The diagnosis of male infertility is traditionally based on microscopic evaluating of sperm concentration, motility and morphology. Nowadays, when the assisted reproductive technology has gained a major role in the treatment of infertility, this method is not efficient in assessment of male fertility potential. Among a large number of new diagnostic methods Sperm Chromatin Structure Assay (SCSA), expressed in DNA fragmentation index (DFI), is the most scrutinized technique and seems to be most promising from a clinical point of view. The overall aim of this thesis was to evaluate the clinical value of Sperm Chromatin Structure Assay in diagnosis and therapy of infertility. The intra-individual variation of DFI, evaluated in the first study, was 30.1% and considered as high compared to previous studies. Nevertheless, 85% of the tested men, when repeating the analysis, were still in the same side of the 30% cut-off value. Moreover, the next study revealed, that 26.1% of men from couples previously diagnosed as unexplained infertile had DFI>20%, compared to 10.5% of men with proven fertility. These findings illustrate that cases with the diagnosis "unexplained infertility" can, to a certain extent, be explained by impairment of sperm DNA and that SCSA is a good supplement to the traditional semen analysis. The third study illustrates that SCSA can contribute to a choice of the optimal fertilization method in couples undergoing in vitro fertilization. The chance of live birth in standard in vitro fertilization (IVF) when DFI was above 20% was significantly lower than for those with lower DFI. Moreover, for the high DFI subgroup, live birth rates were significantly higher for intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) as compared to IVF. The results corresponded with negative association between DFI and fertilization rate as well as the chance of obtaining at least one good quality embryo (GQE), in standard IVF but not in ICSI. This suggests that ICSI might be a preferred method in cases with high DFI. Increased risk of miscarriage was seen in combined calculation for both IVF and ICSI when DFI exceeded 40%. The last study demonstrates that increased DFI makes some early embryo morphokinetics longer within IVF group and shorter in ICSI group which suggests that sperm DNA integrity plays an important role in early embryo development. In addition to clinical conclusions, the finding contributes to the theoretic knowledge about the potential impact of sperm DNA integrity on embryo during the first days after fertilization. In conclusion, SCSA is recommended as a complement to traditional semen test in assessment of male fertility potential.


Nine broods of smallmouth bass offspring were observed and collected in the Nogu River, Nagano Prefecture. It was also observed that a paternal fish cared for the offspring in one brood. This is the first record of smallmouth bass reproduction in Japanese streams . The mean standard lengths of offspring ranged from 9.8 to 22.8 mm in each brood. Current velocities were measured at interval of ca. 75 cm from 6 to 10 sites across the stream adjacent to the location of each brood. Maximum current velocities that the offspring can swim against the current ranged from 3.2 to 61.1 cm/s adjacent to the location of each brood . Their distribution extended to areas with faster currents with their growth, and youngest larvae (flexion larval stage) were limited to areas with slow currents. It seems that slow current areas are necessary for smallmouth bass spawning. A significantly higher ratio of smallmouth bass to largemouth bass occurs in the Nogu River than in Lake Kizaki indicating that smallmouth bass have a higher adaptability to the environment of Japanese stream. This indicates that smallmouth bass can readily establish and may disturb Japanese stream ecosystems.


Simian virus 40 (SV40), contaminating a strain of adenovirus 4, replicated efficiently in human cell cultures, even in the presence of SV40 antiserum. SV40 alone replicated little if at all in such cells. A requirement necessary to explain these findings is the incorporation of the genetic material of the contaminating SV40 within adenovirus protein coats. This would make the SV40 immune to its own antiserum. In addition, the adenovirus may provide substances necessary for efficient replication of SV40 in human cells. In a second experiment the contaminated adenovirus was freed of infectious SV40 by end‐dilution in human cells.


Editor – We thank Akhtar et al for their very timely article on aerosol dissemination through a pleural drain bottle.[1][1] We completely agree with their conclusion that further work in this field is required and would like to point out complementary work by Duffy et al which showed that aerosol


Recent criticisms by Rao about impulse energy approximation are answered in detail. Further ideas are put forward as to how weighted energy parameters may be used to determine the reduced models for step inputs.


The interferences for Ca,Fe and Si produced by polyatomic ions were eliminated by H2 reaction technology and the other 9 impurities were determined directly by internal standard correction method.Under the optimized conditions of measured isotopes and internal standard elements,the matrix effects were investigated and the method for the analysis of 12 trace-impurities in high purity molybdenum was established.Determination limits obtained ranged between 0.10 and 0.37 μg/g for this 12 impurities.The accuracy of the method was evaluated by recovery measurements on spiked samples,and good recovery results(93-105%) with precision of less than 10% were achieved.The method was used for the analysis of high purity molybdenum bar and power,which proved that this method was suitable for the analysis of 4N~5N high purity molybdenum products.


The native protein patterns of human serum and unconcentrated cerebrospinal fluid, amniotic fluid, urine, sweat and tears have been detected by silver staining following two‐dimensional electrophoresis in the absence of protein denaturants. Over 100 proteins were detected in both urine (80 μl) and sweat (40 μl), thereby demonstrating the high sensitivity of the approach. However, optimal sensitivity was only achieved following pre‐equilibration of the gels in sodium dodecyl sulphate. The implications and possible nature of stain enhancement are discussed.


Amorphous molybdenum sulfide (MoSx) is a promising alternative to Pt catalyst for the H 2 evolution in water. However, it is suffered of an electrochemical corrosion. In this report, we present a strategy to tack this issue by embedding the MoSx catalyst within a porous poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) matrix. The PEDOT host is firstly grown onto a fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) electrode by electrochemical polymerization of EDOT monomer in an acetonitrile solution to perform a porous structure. The MoSx catalyst is subsequently deposited onto the PEDOT by an electrochemical oxidation of [MoS4]2- monomer. In a 0.5M H2SO 4 electrolyte solution, the MoSx /PEDOT shows higher H2 -evolving catalytic activities (current density of 34.2 mA/cm 2 at -0.4 V vs RHE) in comparison to a pristine MoSx grown on a planar FTO electrode having similar catalyst loading (24.2 mA/cm2). The PEDOT matrix contributes to enhance the stability of MoSx catalyst by a significant manner. As such, the MoSx /PEDOT retains 81% of its best catalytic activity after 1000 potential scans from 0 to -0.4V vs. RHE, whereas a planar MoSx catalyst is completely degraded fully after about 240 potential scans, due to its complete corrosion.


Purple acid phosphatases contain a dinuclear Fe3+M2+ center in their active site (M = Fe2+ or Zn2+). To resolve the specific role of the ferric ion in catalysis, a series of metal-substituted forms of bovine spleen purple acid phosphatase (BSPAP) of general formula MIIIZnII-BSPAP has been prepared, in which the trivalent metal ion was systematically varied (MIII = Al, Fe, Ga, and In). The activity of the AlZn-BSPAP form was only slightly lower (kcat ≈ 2000 s-1) than that of the previously reported GaZn and FeZn forms (kcat ≈ 3000 s-1). The InZn form was inactive. The kinetics parameters and pH profile of AlZn-BSPAP were remarkably similar to those of FeZn-BSPAP and GaZn-BSPAP, but AlZn-BSPAP was readily distinguished from the GaZn and FeZn forms by its 50−70-fold lower inhibition constant for fluoride. These results are not, at first sight, consistent with intrinsic properties of the trivalent metal ions as they are known from coordination chemistry. In particular, aluminum has generally been believed to ...


As the development of low carbon economy has become an international trend, the Chinese government also has always attached great importance to and actively advocated low carbon economic development. Southwest Oil and Gasfield Company, as the main energy consumption enterprise, confronted with the actual situations, should strengthen work from five aspects to response to the challenges:(1)improving low carbon development mechanism and implementing low carbon development planning;(2) expanding natural gas exploration and development activities to provide more high quality clean energy; (3) developing recycling economy and focusing on industrial energy conservation and emissions reduction; (4)Enhancing low carbon technology innovation ability and promoting low carbon economy go forward by means of science and technology innovation; (5)increase the low carbon development propaganda and cultivate low carbon culture.


ooking around the world, we observe substantial differences across countries in prices for most goods. These price differences also tend to be positively correlated with income differences, so that citizens of high-income countries tend to pay more for the same goods than citizens in low-income countries. In this article, George Alessandria summarizes some of the evidence related to the big price differences across countries for a broad set of goods. He then discusses the relationship between prices and income levels and some possible explanations for that relationship.


Data mining has been one of the heated fields in database and decision support system in recent years. The main role of data preprocessing is discussed and the components and methods of data preprocessing are introduced.


We present evidence of a mechanism for the indirect excitation of Er3+ ions in a SiO2 matrix sensitized with Si quantum dots (SiQDs). The proposed process enables the simultaneous and rapid excitation of two proximal Er3+ ions upon absorption of a single high-energy photon in a SiQD. The experimental evidence leading to the identification of this energy-transfer path is obtained from investigations of the photoluminescence quantum yield of two Er-related emission bands at 1.54 and 0.98 μm in SiO2 layers doped with small (∼2-nm-diam) SiQDs and a high concentration of Er3+ ions, prepared by sputtering on hot substrates. In contrast to the previously considered mechanisms for the indirect excitation of Er3+ ions in SiO2, this excitation process offers an advantage of efficient suppression of the most important channels of nonradiative deexcitation—the Auger energy transfer to free carriers as well as the so-called energy back transfer of excitation reversal. This feature revives hopes for the practical application of Er-doped SiO2 sensitized by SiQDs.


Purpose G-probe cyclophotocoagulation(IRIDEX laser systems) on blind eyes has allowed us to develop differentiated approaches to the treatment considering the etiology and optimum dosages.The objective we had defined was to utilize the accumulated experience and apply the given technique also on eyes with visual acuity.

Methods During 3 years there were 10 eyes under our supervision with neovascular glaucoma after diabetic retinopathy or vein thromboses.IOP was 45.4 mmHg.In 9 cases visual acuity as light perception;1 patient had account of fingers on distance 50cm without correction.2 patients had undergone vitrectomy.Technique:position-supine; anaesthesia retrobulbar injection Sol.Lidocaine 2%-3.0;optimum dosages (power-duration-number of coagulants):NVG after vein thromboses:1000-1750mW(inclusive)-1000msec-minimum 24;NVG after diabetic retinopathy:1750-2500mW-2000msec-minimum 25.After TSCPC subconjunctival steroids injection was done.

Results Visual acuity after TSCPC at 8 patients increased to account of fingers on distance 1m;1 case-account of fingers on distance 2m;1 case-account of fingers on distance 2m with correction (+4.0D)20/200.In 3 cases ? year after the condition had stabilized, we performed glaucoma surgery,in 1 case combined operation-cataract and glaucoma surgery,in 1 case-panretinal photocoagulation.All patients were under dynamic supervision.IOP after 3 years was 23.5 mmHg.1 patient after TSCPC and glaucoma surgery is preparing to keratoplasty.

Conclusion The results received by us are quite encouraging in terms of stabilization of intraocular pressure, painful syndrome, and also preservation of vision acuity.The given technique can be recommended as preparatory for the subsequent interventions for "refractory" patients.


It is noted that improving energy efficiency in buildings is a major priority worldwide. The design groups from different disciplinary may have different design concepts to choose design variables and formulate constraints accordingly. Currently, the building design process treats different disciplines independently which overlooks the coupled relations between different disciplines. In order to bridge these research gaps, a collaborative decision process for an interdisciplinary low energy building design is proposed. Correspondingly, a collaborative decision model, with two disciplines at the subsystem level which focus on an initial envelope investment and total energy consumption respectively and one system agent at the system level assessing the overall energy performance, is developed. A case study is designed based on a residential building in Columbus, Mississippi. The experimental result demonstrates that the proposed decision model can fundamentally improve the existing building design process while reducing energy consumption and cost.Copyright © 2015 by ASME


Excessive concern for simplicity has often led us to underestimate the complexity of aggression. Over the years, several scales related to aggression have been identified and validated both on adults and on children. Ultimately, two main higher order dimensions, emotional responsivity and proneness to aggression, repeatedly emerged in a series of second-order factor analysis. These dimensions are rather similar to two of the big five factors of personality: neuroticism/emotinal stability and hostility/agreeableness, respectively. Several studies corroborate the plausibility of a higher level bidimensional conceptualization of aggression that, while preserving the heuristic validity of looking for more specific constructs of aggression, can link the field of aggression to the field of personality. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.


Concerns regarding change in the onset and tempo of pubertal growth in ethnic Chinese have posed a need for current information on growth characteristics. This study is to update the normative data of pubertal linear growth characteristics and distribution of age at menarche in healthy Chinese adolescents.


The scientific risk-retention or self-insurance decision from a utility theoretic point of view is examined under the assumption that the risk manager has only partial stochastic information about the loss severity distribution. When only the range and a few central moments are known about the loss severity distribution, it is shown how to obtain maximally tight bounds on the expected utility of self insurance. Significantly, the extremal probability distributions derived do not depend upon the particular decision maker's utility function and, therefore, should be applicable to a wide variety of financial decisions. Moreover, financial and/or risk managers in a business can make decisions without assessing the preference structure of the firm's owners.


THE diagnosis of paroxysmal nocturnal heinoglobinuria is relatively easy in patients who give the classic story of hemoglobinuria on arising, with subsequent clearing during the day. In many patien...


We found blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), plasma norepinephrine (NE), and epinephrine (E) levels in the lying and the standing positions to be similar in never-treated parkinsonian patients (stages 1 and 2) and age-matched controls. CY 208-243, a new centrally active D1 agonist, significantly decreased BP, HR, and NE (but not E) values in the lying position; it elicited orthostatic hypotension and blunted the rise in NE elicited by standing up. These results indicate that the early stages of Parkinson's disease are not accompanied by major changes in autonomie cardiovascular function and suggest the involvement of central D1-receptors in the control of sympathetic tone.


In [LMO] a 3-manifold invariant $\Omega(M)$ is constructed using a modification of the Kontsevich integral and the Kirby calculus. The invariant $\Omega$ takes values in a graded Hopf algebra of Feynman 3-valent graphs. Here we show that for homology 3-spheres the invariant $\Omega$ is {\em universal} for all finite type invariants, i.e. $\Omega_n$ is an invariant of order $3n$ which dominates all other invariants of the same order. This shows that the set of finite type invariants of homology 3-spheres is equivalent to the Hopf algebra of Feynman 3-valent graphs. Some corollaries are discussed. A theory of groups of homology 3-spheres, similar to Gusarov's theory for knots, is presented.


The mean maximum urban heat island (UHI) intensity in three major cities in Thailand was investigated by using data measured at two meteorological observatories (an urban site and rural site) in each study area for the period 2004 to 2008. Thermal contrasts between the urban and rural sites were positive which indicated that most of the time the air temperatures at the urban sites were higher than the air temperatures at the rural sites. The strongest mean maximum UHI intensity occurred in the nighttime and in the early morning, while the weakest mean maximum UHI intensity was reached during the daytime. The results indicated that UHI events occurred more frequently in the nighttime than in the daytime. Seasonal analyses showed the mean maximum UHI intensity was weakest in the rainy season (May-October) and was strongest in the dry season (November-April).


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Screw (100) comprising an axially extending shank portion (102), a thread (104) on the shaft portion (102) which, starting from the shaft portion (102) comprises radially extending threads (110), an up (to the shank portion 102) adjoining the screw tip portion (106), at least one first scraping edge (108) on the screw tip portion (106) and at least one second scraping edge (112) in a (to the screw tip section 106) region adjacent to the shaft portion (102), wherein the at least one first scraping edge (108) and at least one second scraping edge (112) spaced from each other and extending in the axial direction over different regions of the screw (100) extending away.


We aim to apprehend the contributions of the doctoral training for the construction of the teaching identity. In the research, of a qualitative nature, we conducted a structured interview, a projective modality, with teachers, graduates of a doctorate program, making two questions, namely: how do you identify the teacher who is/has been? What contributions did the doctoral experience provide for this identification? The data were analyzed by Discursive Textual Analysis. Teachers expressed difficulties in self-identification, configuring a movement that we call problematization of self. Among the contributions of the doctorate, for the framing of professional teacher identity, we emphasize the following: recognize insufficient, constitution of a teacher that reflects in/ and on the teaching practice, posture of a research teacher etc. We understand that the doctoral experience represents a fertile field for the professional development of teachers, as it leads to a creative destruction of their identity, being able to overcome old ways of teaching and then replace them with more innovative ones.


Present thesis work introduces a new design of heat exchangers utilizing an annular profile which opens a new gateway for realizing optimization of higher energy transfer. To apprehend this goal, nanofluids have been studied for this application as it has got thermal conductivity higher than conventional liquids. In this study, a cooling loop apparatus was designed and built to evaluate the transition and turbulent heat transfer performance of water and ethylene glycol based nanofluids. Also numerical simulation was employed as an approximating procedure for prediction of the results in this study. Two-phase mixture model has been considered for simulation of the nanofluids flow in two and three dimensional annular heat exchanger.
Graphene Nanoplatelets (GNP) were stably dispersed in aqueous media by covalent and non-covalent functionalization. At a constant concentration, the measurement has shown that the thermal conductivity of covalent nanofluid (GNP-COOH/water) is higher than the non-covalent nanofluid (GNP-SDBS/water), which is higher than distilled water.
In the second phase of the study, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) has been covalently functionalized with Aspartic acid (Asp) to achieve a highly dispersed colloidal suspension of MWCNT. After investigation of stability of colloidal suspensions with Uv-vis spectroscopy, the prepared coolants have the promising properties such as high thermal conductivity as compared with water. Forced convection heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop were also investigated at three different heat fluxes and four weight concentrations. The observed high heat transfer rate, poor change in the pressure drop in the presence of different weight concentrations provided a suitable condition for this novel alternative coolant. In the third phase of study, the improvement of colloidal stability of Graphene Nanoplatelets (GNP) in aqueous media has been implemented by functionalization with tetrahydrofurfuryl polyethylene glycol in a quick electrophonic addition reaction method. To address this issue, surface functionalization of GNP was analyzed by Raman spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. In addition, the morphology of treated samples was investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The steady-state forced convective heat transfer experiments and the simulation results confirmed the promising cooling capabilities of the TGNP/water.
The last phase is related to the thermophysical and heat transfer performance of covalently functionalized GNP-based water/ethylene glycol nanofluid in an annular channel. After experimentally measuring thermophysical properties of the prepared samples, a computational fluid dynamics study has been carried out to study the heat transfer and pressure drop of well-dispersed and stabilized nanofluids. Based on the results of this investigation, there is a significant enhancement on the heat transfer rate associated with the loading of well-dispersed GNP in basefluid.


Runway speed was investigated in 3 groups of water-deprived rats (n = 14 per group) given one trial per day for 100 days. No statistically significant differences were found between Ss continuously receiving 0.8 cc (large reward group) or 0.1 cc (small reward group) of water and those given 0.8 cc and 0.1 cc (varied reward group) semirandomly. These data are not consistent with a position derived from a micromolar theory holding that continuous reinforcement training results in better performance than varied reinforcement training.


Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) is a recent industrial trend which gains a lot of attention from telecom operators and vendors. The NFV concept delivers network services using commercial off-the-shelf hardware and IT virtualization technologies, thus virtualizing entire classes of network node functions. Traditional and recent data-center architectures are mostly built and optimized for data storage or web based applications. However, NFV type applications have different characteristics with respect to network load and needed computing capacity, which may impact the data-center design. Therefore in this paper, we are motivated to model the characteristics of NFV type applications and investigate the suitability of current data-center architectures for such new applications.


A general mathematical model of PPM scheme is established.A novel probabilistic packet marking scheme for IP traceback is proposed,which is based on AS-level node probabilistic samping mechanism.In the scheme,using a new encoding scheme,we mitigate the high false positives incurred by combinatorial explosion significantly resulted by marking information fragment.More lower computational complexity and convergence time are obtained by reconstructing AS-level path instead of router-level path and applying optimal marking probability strategy.Correlation analysis suggest that our scheme is efficient and real-time to defend against large-scale DDoS attacks.


Interest in the phenomenon of superplasticity has been increasing steadily over the past thirtyfour years, both from the viewpoint of fundamental scientific understanding as well as of industrial application. The scope of superplasticity has also broadened materials-wise, and now includes, in addition to metals: intermetallics, ceramics, bulk metallic glasses, nanostructured materials and composites.The objective of this special collection was to provide an international forum through which to gather up-to-date knowledge and information on a wide range of topics and to encourage further developments in superplasticity. Over 104 peer-reviewed papers have been selected for publication. The volume is divided into the following chapters: Plenary Session, Advanced Industrial Applications, Processing Methods, Material Processing for Superplasticity, Superplasticity in Light Metals, Product Design and Numerical Simulation, Mechanisms of Grain Boundary Sliding and Failure, Superplasticity in Metals, Superplasticity in Intermetallics, Superplasticity in Ceramics, Superplasticity in Bulk Metallic Glasses, High Strain Rate and Low Temperature Superplasticity, and Microstructural Control and Microstructural Evolution during Superplastic Deformation.Altogether, the contents constitute a timely and invaluable guide to the state-of-the-art of superplasticity.


A novel package and thermal analysis based on ANSYS software for high-power white LED were presented.Package structures were optimized step by step based on the result of thermal analysis.Considering cost and dimensional limitation,the thermal structural optimization of LED was achieved.


The chapter examines Facebook usage among female undergraduate students of library and information science. Through a survey approach, the study drew on 154 female undergraduate Library and Information Science students from four universities. Questionnaire was used to gather data. Four research questions were developed and answered. The results revealed that the majority of the respondents (female undergraduates) use Facebook on a daily basis. Female undergraduates use Facebook to socialize, connect, and chat with friends, making it the highest purpose of using Facebook. While majority of female students use Facebook on a daily basis, the negative aspects of it were also revealed, including consumption of ones' precious time; the time they should use for other productive academic work is being channeled to Facebook, thereby making Facebook time consuming. Finally, erratic power supply was identified as the major problem of using Facebook by female LIS undergraduate students.


A new class of amine N-oxides derived from trans-2,5-diphenylpyrrolidine were synthesized in enantiomerically pure form and tested as metal-free catalysts in the reaction of aldehydes with allyl(trichloro)silane to afford homoallylic alcohols. The products were obtained in fair to good yields and up to 85% ee. The behavior of structurally different catalysts and the influence of a coordinating unit present in the organocatalyst on controlling the stereochemical efficiency of the reaction were also investigated. Noteworthy a catalyst capable of promoting the allylation of aliphatic aldehydes with an almost unprecedent and unusually high enantioselectivity, up to 85%, was identified.


Sustainable environmental management practice is the main contributor to green tourism in the context of the tourism industry. Tourists who are concerned about the environment are more likely to choose a tourism destination with the green tourism concept. Great environmental management can contribute to both conservation and tourism industry development, which involves a dynamic relationship between tourism, biodiversity and communities. This paper focuses mainly on tourism activities related to the sustainable environmental management practices such as energy management, waste management, waste water treatment and the use of local products and community participation in the instance of the Borneo Rainforest Lodge (BRL), which the authors offer as an exemplary green tourism destination. Keyword: Sustainable; Environment Management; Green Tourism; Borneo; Rainforest Lodge; Danum Valley Introduction Environmental awareness and its inclusion in tourism development models has received increasing attention from all perspectives since the 1990s (Kirkpatrick 1990, p. 44-52; Erdogan and Tosun 2009, p. 406-414). Green tourism is a sub-sector of the tourism industry that is growing rapidly all over the world. The concept of green tourism is appealing to tourists as it propagates the opportunity to explore natural landscapes while enjoying clean air and viewing the diverse flora and fauna (Ras Melaka 2011). Examples of green tourism may differ slightly in focus and meaning, but generally the term translates as environmentally friendly tourism (Furqan et al. 2010, p. 64-74).


The preventive effect of polyphosphates against maillard reaction by amino acid (glycine) and sugar (D-xylose) was studied. Only ultra polyphosphate showed effect among tested polyphosphates including trimetaphosphate, hexametaphosphate, tripolyphosphate and pyrophosphate. It possibly depended upon that ultra phosphate has lower pH value and more specific structure than others. (Received Mar. 1, 1974)


Hydatic cysts rising from the pancreas are very rarely encountered. Such cysts may often perplex the clinician because they cause symptoms and signs simulating various diseases of this region. Obstructive jaundice due to extrinsic compression of the distal common duct by a hydatic cyst located in the head of pancreas, was found in a 60 year old man. Successful surgical treatment consisted of transduodenal cystoduodenostomy and choledochoduodenostomy. Diagnosis and treatment options for pancreatic hydatic cysts are discussed.


This paper presents evidence on derivatives usage by Brazilian non-financial firms, using a sample of 74 companies. The proportion of firms using derivatives in Brazil is comparable to that of other countries already researched. There are economies of scale for derivatives usage, and managers use derivatives for risk management purposes rather than speculation. Derivatives usage across risk classes in Brazil follows patterns observed internationally: companies use derivatives primarily to manage foreign exchange risk, followed by interest rates and commodities exposures. The main concerns of Brazilian managers are linked to taxation and accounting issues rather than to financial and economic aspects.


Objective To approach the experience of nursing in treating chronic severe hepatitis by continuous venovenous hemofiltration. Method Using continuous venovenous hemofiltration in treating 8 cases of chronic severe hepatitis(involved 20 instances). Result The consequences after the treatment were biochemical indicator descending obviously,and clinical symptom improved obviously. Conclusion Ensurence to CVVH in treatment chronic severe hepatitis are flawless mental nursing,strict operating manual,rigorous patient,condition ob servation,dealing with complication in time.


refuse to take it into consideration, especially when studying a work as thoroughly religious as La Queste del Saint Graal.1 Unfortunately, because we find it so difficult to appreciate the tremendous significance that it held for men of this time, we often fail to recognize the great range of liturgical appreciation and understanding across the spectrum of medieval society. We forget that liturgy itself is a sacred literature, and a literature of much greater and deeper importance to thirteenth-century men than the secular literature on which we concentrate today. Sacred liturgy is, as ritual, dramatic literature of the most powerful sort. To the believer, and in the thirteenth century this included everyone, the liturgy of the Mass was the dramatic re-enactment of the mystery of redemption and, as the centre of sacramental worship, indespensible for salvation. But like every literature with a very broad audience, levels, degrees and kinds of appreciation varied widely. On one level were the theologians-the Bernard of Clairvaux, Peter Cantors and Berengars-who debated weighty questions of dogma. Rather different from these were the men such as Honorius


Heterojunction bipolar transistors with GaAsxP1−x bases and collectors and InyGa1−yP emitters were grown on GaAs substrates via metalorganic chemical vapor deposition, fabricated using conventional techniques, and electrically tested. Four different GaAsxP1−x compositions were used, ranging from x = 0.825 to x = 1 (GaAs), while the InyGa1−yP composition was adjusted to remain lattice-matched to the GaAsP. DC gain close to or exceeding 100 is measured for 60 μm diameter devices of all compositions. Physical mechanisms governing base current and therefore current gain are investigated. The collector current is determined not to be affected by the barrier caused by the conduction band offset between the InGaP emitter and GaAsP base. While the collector current for the GaAs/InGaP devices is well-predicted by diffusion of electrons across the quasi-neutral base, the collector current of the GaAsP/InGaP devices exceeds this estimate by an order of magnitude. This results in higher transconductance for GaAsP/InG...


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The all-particle energy spectrum as measured by the KASCADE-Grande experiment for E = 10^{16} - 10^{18} eV is presented within the framework of the QGSJET II/FLUKA hadronic interaction models. Three different methods were applied based on the muon size and the total number of charged particles individually and in combination. From the study it is found that the spectrum cannot be completely described by a smooth power law due to the presence of characteristic features.


Rather than just providing an unstructured adhesive surface for leukocytes, cytokine-activated endothelial cells assemble preexisting tetraspanin-enriched microdomains to form endothelial adhesive platforms (EAPs) and endothelial docking structures. In this issue of the Journal of Cell Biology, Barreiro et al. (Barreiro, O., M. Zamai, M. Yáñez-Mó, E. Tejera, P. López-Romero, P.N. Monk, E. Gratton, V.R. Caiolfa, and F. Sánchez-Madrid. 2008. J. Cell Biol. 183:527–542) show how the immunoglobulin superfamily adhesion molecules intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)–1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)–1 form nanoclusters with the tetraspanins CD9 and CD151 in a physiologically relevant system. Furthermore, convincing biochemical data suggest that these structures are distinct from lipid rafts.


Spectroscopy and Photochemistry of Indigoid Compounds. V. Quantum Chemical Calculations on the Different UV/VIS Spectral Behaviour of trans- and cis-Isomers of Thioindigoid Compounds

The concept of non-bonding S…O-interaction [3] has been proved for some thioindigoid compounds. The different spectral behaviour of trans- and cis-isomers with regard to the long wave absorption band is mainly dependent on the number of S…O-structural units and on the S…O-distance. As compared to a coplanar structure twisting about the central double bond can result both in an increasing and a decreasing spectral shift.


Based on the characteristics of honeycomb sandwich structure with high thickness and large curvature, the idea of integration of design and manufacturing was proposed to solve the problem of mismatch among design, process and material. Facing the particularity of this kind of structure, the honeycomb deformation simulation model was established. And the composite building block verification method was simplified aiming at solving the problems of sliding and collapse of high thickness honeycomb. A variety of honeycomb stabilization methods were proposed. And the verification contents at the material level, element level, sub component level and component level were specified. Taking the landing gear door parts of large passenger aircraft as a case, the idea of design and manufacturing integration and the building block process verification method of honeycomb sandwich structure was practiced leading to the forward design of gear door parts. The honeycomb deformation simulation model was preliminarily established, which provided a reference for the forward design of similar structural parts.


An improved procedure is developed to reduce the thermal shock influence in a steam turbine due to a cold start operation. Thermal shock, a term used to describe the sudden imposition of a large heat flux and temperature gradient on a material surface, is a potential damage mechanism if its intensity is sufficiently high. For the case of a turbine cold start, the thermal shock intensity depends on the film coefficient and the initial temperature difference between the steam and the rotor surface. Reduction of thermal shock intensity can be achieved in several ways, such as lengthening the transit time. lowering the film coefficient, and reducing the temperature difference between the steam and the rotor surface. One of the most efficient procedures employed to control the thermal shock influence is to increase the heating steps and warm up time. A case studied in this project, the normal two-step heating operation causes a very high compressive stress, 437 MPA, on the platform during the first heating step. Sometimes its magnitude is two or three times greater than the compressive stresses during second heating step. In this two-step heating operation the first heating temperature was 204C and the total operating time for the first heating step was 75 seconds. An improved procedure, a three-step heating operation, was developed to make the stresses caused by each heating step uniform. The first heating step of the two-step heating operation was substituted by the first two heating steps of the three-step heatincr