The Schrödinger operator with an attractive δ-potential supported by a loop is considered. For such an operator we estimate the number of negative eigenvalues from below and from above in terms of geometrical properties of the support of δ-potential.


One of the main themes in Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice is business of marriage. During and 19th century women were not financially independent and had no right to own property. Therefore the only choice left for them was to settle with a man of prosperity and substantial means of income. Over all plot of the novel deals with women's their own or their mother's attempt to is to find a man of means and to devise a possible way for a meeting between this husband candidate and woman herself. The women were in situation where they didn't have much choice and where marriage was highly required as a sense of business. In this study, the business of marriages and female relationships as a result of those business marriages will be examined. Competence and jealousy among women as a result of business marriage is clearly seen in Pride and Prejudice and this study is focused on these themes as well, and it will be analyzed from different perspectives in this study.
Keywords: Pride and Prejudice, Business marriage, Competence, Property, Jealousy.


ثابخٕم Abstract : Using the field study method the present study aims at identifying Chatbots technology and its applicability at Assiut University libraries by establishing an applied chatbot model that can deal with its users over its social networks, especially Facebook, and presenting the most important services that it can provide. The study consists of an introduction, a theoretical framework, a practical section, and a conclusion. The results of study show that the majority of Assiut University libraries (83.3%) do not have webpages on the Internet or on the social networks, and as such they do not encourage the application of Chatbots which requires that the library should have a webpage on the Internet along with an account with one of the social networks Facebook and its application, Facebook Messenger. The only exception is the Assiut University Digital Library which has a webpage whose link is www.aun.edu.eg/arabic/Digital_Library_faculties.php, and a Facebook account whose link is www.facebook.com/www.aun.edu.eg. Therefore, it has been chosen to establish an applied Chatbot model using Widebot. The suggested robot was called Audlbot which combines the initial letters of Assiut University Digital Library and the word 'bot". Its application starts with the use of Assiut University Digital Library Facebook page. This is followed by signing up with its Widebot account and linking this platform with the Facebook page of the library. After that, operations and services are established, and these include a welcome message, introducing the library, its resources and services, access to its index, the most frequently asked questions, the reference service, and the "support us" service.


In recent years, cutting tools with micro texture are popular with many researches. Front cutting surfaces of tools with a certain micro texture shows different cutting performance with ordinary cutting tools. In order to study Carbide cutting tool's cutting performance with micro channel texture on the rake face ,this study used three-dimensional drawing software to make two-dimensional modeling of textured tools, take the model into finite element analysis software Advantedge and develop two-dimensional cutting simulation by no micro texture and micro texture under the same conditions, using single variable control method. By comparison, the results show micro texture tools can reduce cutting force and the wear of cutting tool.


Purpose – On the basis of the power‐law fluid model, the rheological effects of an isothermal incompressible non‐Newtonian laminar lubricating film on the steady and dynamic characteristics of finite slider bearings are presented in the absence of fluid inertia and cavitation.Design/methodology/approach – To account for the motion that the pad undergoes prescribed small‐amplitude oscillations in a direction perpendicular to itself, the non‐Newtonian dynamic Reynolds equation including the squeezing‐action effect is obtained. Both the steady pressure and the perturbed pressure are numerically solved and used to evaluate the steady‐state performance and dynamic characteristics.Findings – According to the results, higher steady load‐carrying capacity, dynamic stiffness and damping coefficients are predicted for the finite bearing with small wedge parameter and high viscosity‐shear rate index. In addition, the effects of non‐Newtonian power‐law lubricants on the bearing characteristics are more pronounced whe...


The ever-improving performance of high-speed data converters is changing the way that designers of portable radios and communications infrastructure are handling signal processing.


SOC is a main parameter for battery performance,and the exactly estimation of SOC can prevent battery over-charge or over-discharge,and extend battery life.The several existing estimation methods were analyzed in this paper,a battery model based on Kalman filter was set up,and the SOC estimation of minimum mean square de-viation was realized.The software flow and test result prove the method is feasible.


The aim of the study was to compare the antiemetic effects of intravenous ondansetron 4mg (2 ml) and granisetron 2 mg(2 ml) in a double blind placebo controlled manner for prevention of nausea and vomiting in early postoperative period in patients undergoing daycare laparoscopic tubal ligation. Ninety patients (ASA I and II) undergoing laparoscopic tubal ligation under general anaesthesia were randomly allocated into three equal groups. Group A (n=30) received 4 mg (2 ml) ondansetron intravenously, group B (n=30) received 2 mg (2 ml) granisetron intravenously and group C (n=30) received 2 ml of normal saline by the same route 2 minutes before induction of general anaesthesia. Anaesthetic procedure was common to all patients. Emetic episodes in early postoperative period (first six hours) were recorded and compared in different study groups. Results were analysed by chi square test. P < 0.05 was considered to be significant. Emetic episodes were observed in 7% patients who had received intravenous granisetron (group B), in 20% who had received ondansetron (group A) and in 50% in patients who had received placebo (group C). So to conclude, minimal emetic episodes were observed in early postoperative period in patients who had received intravenous granisetron in comparison to those who had received intravenous ondansetron and placebo.


Gray prediction model is one of the quantitative prediction methods, which was used in this study to predict track and field records in London 2012 Olympic Games. After predicting the records, their accuracy and controllability were investigated sport branches and finally prediction records of 2008 Olympic Games were compared with their actual records. This study sought to predict records of track and field branches for men and women in 2012 Olympic Games by gray model. The necessary data were collected via the Internet and, finally, prediction model was tested and investigated in terms of controllability, prediction error and reliability of the results. The research methodology was descriptive and its statistical population included results of all track and field competitions in 26 Olympics Games between 1986 and 2008. Considering the nature of research, the number of samples included track and field records in at least 4 recent Olympic Games. The research tools were observing available documents, using online databases, articles, magazines, newspapers and books in this area. Findings of this study showed that record prediction of 19 branches of track and field competition in 2012 Olympic Games was possible for men and women using gray model. All these predictions were acceptable and controllable. Prediction error of records was not different between men and women. Prediction of records and accuracy and controllability of predicted records in the current and similar previous studies approve the reliability of gray prediction model. The purpose of these predictions is to provide guidelines for decision makers, athletes and even sport fans.


RIKEN Radioactive Isotope Beam Factory (RIBF) is a cyclotron-based heavy-ion accelerator facility for producing unstable nuclei and studying their properties. Following the first beam extraction from a superconducting ring cyclotron, the final-stage accelerator of RIBF, in 2006, several types of extensions and updates have been performed in the RIBF control system as well as the accelerators and their components. In this paper, we will present two latest updates of the RIBF control system. One is the upgrade of the existing beam interlock system in order to adapt to the increase in the types of experiments performed in RIBF recently. The other is the development of two types of successors that are designed to be compatible with the existing controllers for magnet power supplies.


Not linear methods for statistical data analysis have become more and more popular thanks to the rapid development of computers. The fields in which they are applied to are as various as the methods them self. Generative topographic mapping (GTM) has been developed by [Bishop et al. 1997] as a principal alternative to the self-organizing map (SOM) algorithm [Kohonen 1982] in which a set of unlabelled data vectors is summarized in terms of a set to reference vectors having a spatial organization corresponding to a (generally) two-dimensional sheet. While the SOM algorithm has achieved many successes in practical applications, it also suffers from the significant deficiencies, many of which highlighted in [Kohonen 1995]. They include: the absence of a cost function, the lack of theoretical basis for choosing learning rate parameter schedules and neighborhood parameters to ensure topographic ordering, the absence of any general proofs of convergence, and the fact that the model does not define a probability density. These Problems can all be traced to the heuristic origins of the SOM algorithm. The GTM algorithm overcomes most of the limitations of the SOM while introducing no significant disadvantages. The datasets used to analyze the strengths and weaknesses of GTM range from low dimensional with few vectors to very high dimensional with many vectors. In Section 2 I give an overview of related work. I summarize the method in Section 3. In Section 4 I describe the experiments I made and discuss the similarities to the SOM. Conclusions are presented in Section 5.


In recent years, diffractive, discrete scatterer based optics such as metasurfaces have shown considerable promise in the realization of arbitrary optical functions. However, these optical elements are systems large numbers of tunable degrees of freedom that are impractical to tune using forward design methods. In parallel, there has been great progress in using computational inverse design methods to produce high quality nanophotonic elements. We show that this inverse design method is capable of handling the large scale of the three-dimensional electromagnetic scattering problem, and leads to a realistic path towards the computational design and optimization of these discrete scatterer based optics capable of performing arbitrary optical functions in the far field. Then, we present an experimental demonstration of an optical element at 1.55 μm that focuses light into a discrete helical pattern that is designed using an inverse method based on generalized Lorenz-Mie scattering theory. This optical function is realized by specifying a suitable figure of merit that encapsulates the performance of the optical element. The fabrication of these optical elements with such small length scales is done using the Nanoscribe GT two-photon lithography system.


Turning around to interact with the environment is a common activity of daily living. Coordination of body segments during turning is very important for the maintenance of upright posture. The aim of this review was to provide information about coordination of body segments during turning in health adults to serve as a yardstick for identifying turning problems in patients with neurological problems. Literature search was conducted through CINHAL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar from inception to 2012 using the following search terms: coordination and turning, onset latency and turning, and peak velocity and turning. The present review has shown that turning to predictable targets results in a separate top to bottom sequence of onset of rotation of body segments, while turning to predictable targets results in a more simultaneous onset of rotation of the segments. On the contrary, the angle or direction a person turns to does not affect the sequence of rotation of body segments during turning. The peak velocity of the head was shown to be higher than that of the shoulder and pelvis when turning on-the-spot. The head was also shown to reach its peak velocity earlier than the shoulder and pelvis. However, the effect of the predictability of a target, turn angle, and turn direction on either the peak velocity or the time to reach the peak velocity has not been reported. The onset of rotation of body segments during turning while walking was shown to be in a top to bottom sequence. Alteration of the normal sequence of rotation of segments during turning could challenge the balance of an individual and may subsequently result into falls.


Abstract Various kinds of the complexes of 2-phenyl-2-oxazoline with various Bronsted acids were prepared. From the elementary analysis and spectroscopic analysis of the complex, it was identified to be an equimolar oxazolinium salt. The monomer could be polymerized with the oxazolinium salt to give N-benzoyl-polyethylenimine. The polymer yield in bulk polymerization was linearly proportional to the reaction time, and the number-average degree of polymerization of the polymer obtained at the complete conversion was proportional to the initial molar ratio of the monomer to the complex. The catalytic activities of the oxazolinium salts increased with a decrease in the pKavalue of Bronsted acid in water. The results of the infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the oxazolinium salt at room temperature and elevated temperature indicated that the change of the double bond character of the imino and ether linkages is brought about by the complexation. On the basis of these results,...


The article is devoted to the Pasvik lake-river system chemical composition formation patterns under the aerotechnogenic influence and geochemical watershed transformations. The results of long-term and large-scale hydrochemical investigations of the ecosystem in the Pechenganickel nickel-copper smelters impact area have been summarized. The main hydro-chemical characteristics of Pasvik River (the Barents Sea catchment area) are presented. The role of different natural and anthropogenic factors determining the water hydrochemical composition formation processes have been analyzed. Spatial variability of the chemical composition along the lake-river Pasvik system is presented.


The uptake of the non-metabolizable glucose analogue, 2-deoxy-d-glucose (DOG) has been followed in isolated cotyledons of Ricinus communis L. Within 2 min of immersion in a labelled DOG medium, DOG phosphate (DOG-P) was detectable in the tissue. DOG uptake was relatively rapid for 30 min after which it slowed down but nevertheless continued for many hours; DOG was eventually accumulated against a concentration gradient. Internal DOG-P concentration also rose for the first 30 min, but then reached a plateau. The relationship between uptake and external concentration was close to linear during the first hour, and subsequently curvilinear.

Analysis of "wash-out" curves indicated that after very rapid exit from the surface and free space of the tissue, the half-time for exit of the remaining 85% of the absorbed DOG was approximately 250 min. By comparison, the half-time for exit of sorbitol was 30 min. No DOG-P could be detected in the wash-out solutions.

When cotyledons were transferred to labelled medium after preloading in non-labelled DOG, the specific activity of the internal DOG pool rose faster than that of the DOG-P. Both curves flattened out when their specific activity was less than half that of the external medium. Addition of d-glucose to the medium depressed DOG-P formation, but only when the incubation period was less than 45 min.

Arguments are presented for concluding (a) that DOG uptake is mediated by a specific uptake mechanism; (b) that more than one internal DOG pool is involved; and (c) that the observed phosphorylation is not a necessary step in the entry process into either of the pools, whether the latter are in series or in parallel.


An overview of data from five research groups participating in a 3-year pilot test on the efficacy of foliar applications of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin for control of Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decernlineata (Say), populations in the northern United States is presented. Four treatments were used at each site: high and low B. bassiana dosages (5 x 1013 colony forming units (CFU) per hectare (ha) and 5 x lo1* CFU/ha), the recommended insecticide for each region, and an untreated check. The primary response variable was potato yield. For analyses considering test sites as replicates, during all 3 years the highest yields were produced in plots treated with insecticides. Within test sites, yields from plots receiving B. bassiana applications were greater than control plot yields in 8 of 24 trials but in only two of these instances, B. bassiana plot yields also bassiana. La concentration minimale de B. bassiana ayant produit des rendements non significativement diffkrents de ceux des parcelles trait& aux insecticides ffit de 6,62 x 1012 CFUha (Rhode Island, 1984). Les indices de dkfoliation ne diffkraient pas entre les traitements et les tCmoins en 1984 et 1985, quoique qu'il y avait de la variabilitk entre les rendements.


Systems, methods, and devices for estimating a speed limit are disclosed herein. A system for estimating a speed limit includes one or more perception sensors, an attribute component, an estimator component, and a notification component. The one or more perception sensors are configured to generate perception data about a region near a vehicle. The attribute component is configured to detect one or more environmental attributes based on the perception data. The estimator component is configured to determine an estimated speed limit based on the environmental attributes. The notification component is configured to provide the estimated speed limit to an automated driving system or driver assistance system of the vehicle.


The tunnel oxide passivated contact (TOPCon) structure got more consideration for development of high performance solar cells by the introduction of a tunnel oxide layer between the substrate and poly-Si is best for attaining interface passivation. The quality of passivation of the tunnel oxide layer clearly depends on the bond of SiO in the tunnel oxide layer, which is affected by the subsequent annealing and the tunnel oxide layer was formed in the suboxide region (SiO, Si2O, Si2O3) at the interface with the substrate. In the suboxide region, an oxygen-rich bond is formed as a result of subsequent annealing that also improves the quality of passivation. To control the surface morphology, annealing profile, and acceleration rate, an oxide tunnel junction structure with a passivation characteristic of 700 mV or more (Voc) on a p-type wafer could achieved. The quality of passivation of samples subjected to RTP annealing at temperatures above 900°C declined rapidly. To improve the quality of passivation of the tunnel oxide layer, the physical properties and thermal stability of the thin layer must be considered. TOPCon silicon solar cell has a boron diffused front emitter, a tunnel-SiOx/n + poly-Si/ SiNx:H structure at the rear side, and screen-printed electrodes on both sides. The saturation currents Jo of this structure on polished surface is 1.3 fA/cm 2 and for textured silicon surfaces is 3.7 fA/cm 2 before printing the silver contacts. After printing the Ag contacts, the Jo of this structure increases to 50.7 fA/cm 2 on textured silicon surfaces, which is still manageably less for metal contacts. This structure was applied to TOPCon solar cells, resulting in a median efficiency of 23.91%, and a highest efficiency of 24.58%, independently. The conversion efficiency of interdigitated back-contact solar cells has reached up to 26% by enhancing the optoelectrical properties for both-sides-contacted of the cells.


Background and Objective:Thymic epithelial tumors (TETs) include thymic carcinomas and thymomas, the latter of which can be further categorized by the World Health Organization (WHO) histologic classification based on the morphology of epithelial cells and the ratio of lymphocyte to epithelial cells. TETs are rare malignancies with an incidence of 0.15 per 100,000 in the United States. While their etiologies remain unknown, these tumors are associated with distinctly high rates of autoimmune disorders and paraneoplastic syndromes. Approximately 30% of patients with thymoma also carry a diagnosis of myasthenia gravis (MG). For the present retrospective study, we created a database of patients with TETs and examined prevalence of each histologic subtype in patients with MG.
Methods:Drs. Patrick Loehrer, Kenneth Kesler, and colleagues have collaborated at the Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center to care for over 1000 patients with TETs. The electronic health records of these patients were accessed via Cerner and used to input demographic, diagnostic, and histologic data into a REDCap database. These tumors were further categorized by WHO classification, and those comprising multiple histologic types were included separately in each subgroup.
Results:Of 626 patients deemed to have sufficient documented histologic and diagnostic data, 110 had both MG and a TET diagnosis confirmed by pathology report. The greatest prevalence of WHO histologic type in patients with thymoma and MG was Type B2 (47), followed by Type B3 (34), Type B1 (22), Type A (9), Type AB (7), and unspecified thymoma (7). Notably, only 3 of 159 (1.87%) total patients with thymic carcinoma had comorbid MG in contrast to 107 of 467 (22.91%) patients with thymoma and MG; this suggests a uniquely favorable microenvironment of thymoma in patients with MG.
Clinical Impact and Implications:Future work will aim to determine whether histologic classification has a predictive value for tumor prognosis in patients with and without MG. Furthermore, patterns of gene expression associated with thymoma in patients with and without MG may elucidate the etiologic mechanisms for the development of this autoimmune disorder.


NC machine creeping failure usually occurs in the mechanical part and feed servo system of NC machine tool feed system, because of low speed creeping phenomenon often depends on the characteristics of mechanical transmission parts. Crawling is generally due to transmission of machine tool stiffness is insufficient, friction and dynamic friction coefficient difference and friction damped oscillations caused by too small. This paper establishes the physical model and the mathematical model, through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation of machine movement components that crawl main reason, put forward to prevent the moving parts of the main measures of creeping.


The article argues that organizational sociology would do well to revisit James March's famed imagery of the business firm as a political coalition in light of today's decentralized production regimes. Specifically, we show that the increased tendency of firms to coordinate the design and making of highly complex products across organizational boundaries has fundamentally altered and been altered by the politics of coalition building. This is demonstrated using a 15 year longitudinal qualitative case study of the vertical production network that revolves about Fiat Auto. In those years, Fiat went from one of the most vertically integrated automakers in Europe, to one of the least vertically integrated, and has in the wake of a severe crisis now swung back the other way. We argue that this evolution cannot adequately be understood without reference to an interplay of inter- and intra-firm relations, including especially to the spilling of intra-organizational rivalries across firm boundaries, and to the effects of cross-firm coalitions on intra-organizational fights. Analyzing this evolution and these relations from a 'political' perspective allows us to better understand the behavior not merely of particular firms, but also of interacting networks of firms in a world of blurred – but existent – organizational boundaries.


A profesional teacher should have expertice and responsibility supporting by strong professionalem etique. He/She should have competence qualification including intellectual, social, spiritual, character, and moral competence. This article discusses the important role of the teachers for Early Childhood Education in Indonesia. Considering their important tasks and responsibility in educating the children, the article is of the opinion that not anybody or any teacher can become an Early Childhood Education teacher as he/she does not only teach the children but also have to manage and pratise a lot of educational activities and to become the children's parent at school careing them with love. However, this article observes that the existing efforts to improve the Early Childhood Education teachers's ]competences have not met the demanded qualification. It is suggested some improvement should be done in the the Early Childhood Education teachers' education and training.


The object of the invention is an effective herbicidal composition and respectful of the environment comprising: - nonanoic acid, - ethanol, - sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate, and - water. The invention also relates to its use for weed control and fight against moss and algae.


Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a global common concerned neurodegenerative disease, leading to an increase in death and social problems. The pathological mechanism of AD is complicated and still unclear, and it may be affected by various epigenetic factors. So far, drugs such as cholinesterase inhibitors and glutamate receptor antagonists have been approved for clinical treatment to improve the cognitive ability of patients who suffers Alzheimer's disease. Meanwhile, natural medicines including traditional Chinese medicine have attracted attention for their function in reducing oxidant stress, suppressing inflammation in the neuron system, and regulating gut microbiota homeostasis. The mechanism of natural medicines for AD treatment is still under investigation of the complicity of chemical ingredients in natural medicines. However, experiments and clinical trials show promising advantages of natural medicine to treat and prevent AD. The curative effect and safety of natural medicine on AD will be gradually confirmed with the development of research and clinic trials in the near future.


The researchers have always been tryig to approach the science of education by applying empirical studies in the research of education. In the middle period of the 19th century of the west, an intense argument between scientific research and humane research has been caused. However, empirical studies, which treat"human beings"in the same way as other "non-human substances", have lost its vigor in the research of education. With vivid human activities as its direct focus, the research of education demands a turn from "being regardless of life" typical of empirical studies to "being concerned about life". This is a "paradigm of education research based on understanding"of humanities.


In the process of geological exploration, the development of automatic control is insufficient. The paper presents an improved strategy of attitude control for directional drilling tools used in the geological environment. The drilling kinematics model is linearized with the Taylor series, and the model linearization solves the nonlinear term of the azimuth expression. Two PI controllers are used to control attitude inclination and azimuth, respectively. The results of the transient simulation are presented, and the control effect of improved performance are certificated.


A simple device for amplitude biassing a periodic waveform without distortion has been developed to overcome the difficulty with earlier instrumentation of obtaining more than a 2% bias. Amplitude-biassed differential electrolytic potentiometry has been compared with zero-current potentiometry, classical d.c., symmetrical periodic and time-biassed periodic differential electrolytic potentiometry in oxidation-reduction titrimetry for electrode reactions of various rates, and in acid-base titrimetry. The behaviour of individual electrodes with reference to zero-current and standard electrodes has been examined. The behaviour observed is in accord with theoretical prediction, and is analogous to the application of a d.c. offset to symmetrical periodic polarisation. The advantages of rapid potential equilibration and extended electrode life between activations accrue, but with appreciable bias the endpoint periodic signal deviates from the equivalence point.


Social policy is outstanding in its failure to adequately account for the true social values of water. Many social policies, especially those for consumptive water use, remain within a fundamentalist economic paradigm, sometimes with environmental concessions. The dominance of water as an economic good, as a commodity, overshadows the wider but poorly articulated and hence little recognised community values for water. Commodification of water recognises price, markets, growth, profit, efficiency, costs of production and redistribution. These factors may have substantial conflicts with community values for water which incorporate its spiritual, aesthetic and environmental dimensions, such as water for religious and recreational needs and for biodiversity. Water has value as an economic resource; it also has value as a cultural and environmental resource. The "imbalance" between these values has significant import for the stability and public health of our 21st century community. The paradigms for economic ...


With sensitivity analysis method,the experimental research in dynamic modification of multistory shear wall structure is presented in this paper.The data gained supply the designer of tall building with valuble reference and provide necessary basis for evaluating anti seismic property,designing safety and economy of multistory buildings.


After the terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001 and recently, on 15 April 2013, spent in Boston, policymakers of the Western governments were aware of the risks and threats to the national security of states and international security from the so-called "extend region of the Black Sea". This region of the world is separated geographically and symbolically by the Prut River which is the eastern border of Romania to NATO and EU allies and, in perspective, the frontier of the member states of the Schengen Agreement. Romania's eastern border security separates two spaces of security: the space of the Western states that are energy intensive and providing security versus the space of the former soviet countries that can provide energy and, at the same time, they need security. During this uncertain geopolitical context, controversies related to Romania's accession to the Schengen Area enhances security risks and vulnerabilities to the eastern border of the Western space and endangers the securing project of the Wider Black Sea. In this region full of uncertainty for the international peace and security, the EU should act as a "model of soft power in the Eastern neighbourhood".


Objective To explore the gene expression of osteosacoma cell associated with tumor vascular genesis,the study basis was provided for the therapeutic targets at the vascular channels of osteosacoma.Methods Gene expression associated with vascular channel in osteosarcoma endothelial cell was measured by semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction using the transcriptional level of the house-keeping gene for internal calibration.Results Osteosarcoma cell can mimic endothelial cell.It can express VEGF,KDR,EPHA2,Thrombin,VE-Cadherin et al.Conclusion Osteosarcoma cell can express multiple vascular phenotypes,which may be similar to a pluripotent,embryonic-like phenotype.It may paly an important role in the characteristic vascular channels of osteosacoma.Those may help to find new diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for clinical intervention.


Oxidation of bis(tert-buthylthio) selenide, t-BuSSeSBu-t (1a), by peracetic acid at −40°C leads to a monooxidation product (1a-O) whose 1 H (two singlets) and 13 C NMR spectra (four resonances) show that the two tert-butyl groups in 1a-O are magnetically nonequivalent. Oxidation of 1a by peracid is examinated


The aim of the present invention is to cool and store a heat medium (water) using cold external air in the winter on an inter-seasonal basis, and then supply cold wind which exchanges heat with the heat medium when necessary so as to cool an indoor space, thereby substantially reducing energy consumption and achieving economically advantageous and environmentally friendly cooling and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The cooling system according to the present invention includes: a storage chamber (1) having a space portion inside same; a cooling chamber (2), in which the storage chamber (1) is placed and which has a space portion inside same, and which is provided with a heat medium supply means for supplying the heat medium to the space portion, which is provided with an air inflow means so as to be supplied with external air, and which cools and stores the heat medium using the supplied air; and a cold wind supply means for supplying air, which has been cooled to a low temperature by means of the exchange of heat with the heat medium cooled and which has been stored in the cooling chamber (2), to a place of use.


Objective: To assess the intra-and inter-atrial synchronicity in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy(ICM) accompanied with complete left bundle branch block(CLBBB) by quantitative tissue velocity imaging(QTVI).Methods: Thirty-two patients with ICM and CLBBB(ICM group),thirty patients with normal left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF) and CLBBB(the control group) were selected.To assess atrial synchronicity,myocardial velocity curves were reconstituted off-line using the left atrial(LA) free wall,the inter-atrial septum(IAS),and the right atrial(RA) free wall.The difference of time from the onset of the P wave to the onset of the A wave at LA(P-LA),IAS(P-IAS),and RA(P-RA) were measured.Intra-atrial asynchrony was defined as the difference between P-LA and P-IAS(LA asynchrony T1).Inter-atrial asynchrony was defined as the difference between P-LA and P-RA(T2).Results: P-LA,P-IAS were significantly longer in patients with ICM than that in control group(P0.01).Compared with the control group,ICM group had significant LA and inter-atrial asynchrony(P0.01).Left atrial size and NT-proBNP were important factors leading to these asynchronies in the patients with ICM.Conclusion: Intra-atrial(LA) and inter-atrial mechanical asynchrony is significantly delayed in ICM with CLBBB patients.Left atrial size and NT-proBNP are important factors leading to these asynchronies in the patients with ICM.


This paper investigates the spectral characteristics of three-dimensionally porous carbon dioxide indicators based on a porous silicate glass and phenolphthalein. The absorption spectra of the original solutions of phenolphthalein in alkaline and acid solutions are shown. The solutions were acidified by bubbling CO/sub 2/ through an alkaline phenolphthalein solution. The authors have succeeded in producing a reversible colorimetric adsorption indicator for carbon dioxide which after proper calibration enables the CO/sub 2/ content of an atmosphere to be estimated quantitatively.


Due to the attractive properties of the wavelet transform, wavelet filter banks are frequently used in areas such as signal processing and communication systems. Furthermore, the increasing computational power of microprocessors leads to a leap in the use of techniques such as parallel processing, concurrent programming, and VHDL design. However, the inherently sequential tree structure of the traditional wavelet theory does not merge efficiently with the aforementioned techniques. This work presents an algorithm to generate uniform and non-uniform filter banks in a parallel structure. This algorithm generalizes the a Trous and Mallat algorithms for parallelized filter bank design, which is efficient for parallel processing, concurrent programming, and VHDL design. The algorithm generates a set of parallelized perfect-reconstruction filter banks for an arbitrary number of end-nodes of a traditional tree structure. The algorithm encompasses both the decimated and the undecimated cases. Examples of image and speech signal applications are presented.


Whitecapping plays an important role in many air-sea exchange and upper ocean processes.Traditionally,whitecap coverage is parameterized as a function of wind speed only.At present,the relative speed of ocean current to wind is considered to be important in the air-sea exchange parameterization which is the function of wind speed only.In this paper,the effects of ocean surface velocity (current velocity and wave induced velocity) and the wave parameters on whitecap coverage through relative speeds are investigated,by applying a 2-parameter whitecap coverage model to the Atlantic Ocean.It is found that the impacts of both current and wave on whitecap coverage are considerable in the most part of the Atlantic Ocean.It is interesting that the effect of wave is more significant than that of current.


Isotopic monitoring of the product stream from operating uranium mills is proposed for discovering other possible natural fission reactors; aspects of their occurrence and discovery are considered. Uranium mill operating characteristics are formulated in terms of the total uranium capacity, the uranium throughput, and the dilution half-time of the mill. The requirements for detection of milled reactor-zone uranium are expressed in terms of the dilution half-time and the sampling frequency. Detection of different amounts of reactor ore with varying degrees of /sup 235/U depletion is considered.


The production technology of a two-component polyurethane adhesive with solid content of 75% for composite membrane was introduced.The quality control method for production of polyester polyol was discussed.


In this article, we show that some semi-rigid $\mu$-stable sheaves on a projective K3 surface $X$ with Picard number 1 are stable in the sense of Bridgeland's stability condition. As a consequence of our work, we show that the special set $U(X) \subset \Stab (X)$ reconstructs $X$ itself. This gives a sharp contrast to the case of an abelian surface.


This paper studies the mechanism of users' online activities and their implications for the firm value, and quantifies them for Internet firms that have been recently growing fast. Users collectively spend billions of person-hours creating user-generated content which is then becomes an asset that produces a stream of value for fellow users, and of course, the host site itself, labeled user-generated capital. Using the firm-level characteristics and data on users' online activities, we find that an Internet firm's value is significantly positively associated with users' time spent on the Internet firm's own website(s). Building and studying a dynamic general equilibrium model of users' time allocation among competing websites, we find that improvements in either the website quality—i.e., the firm's platform capital—or the efficiency of user-capital investment immediately increase the Internet firm's value by shifting up users' time spent on the website in the future. Using the calibrated model, we carry out a counterfactual experiment of completely removing user-generated capital now and temporarily keeping it to a low level in the near future; we find that in this case, user-generated capital account for about 60 percent of the Internet firm's value.


Objective To study the influence of Hepcidin of different concentration out of hFOB 1.19 cells on iron transportation in the different time.Methods Use Hepcidin to impact the hFOB 1.19 cells,and the fluorescence intensity of iron was observed by confocal laser scanning microscope(CLSM).Results ①The transient group: both of the fluorescence intensity of iron decreased slowly in the control group and the experiment group,there was no significant difference between them.②The long-time group: At the range of 0~100 nmol/L,the fluorescence intensity of iron ion in hFOB 1.19 was increased with the increase of Hepcidin concentration out of cells.When the Hepcidin concentration exceeded 100 nmol/L,the fluorescence intensity of iron did not increase anymore.Conclusion ①The instantaneous influence of Hepcidin on iron transportation is not significant.②The iron concentration was increased significantly by adding Hepcidin out of hFOB 1.19 cells 20 hours later,and there was a dose dependent relationship between them when the Hepcidin concentration is in the range of 0~100 nmol/L.


Polyurethane, a controlled release material, has been widely applied in many fields due to its high thermal and mechanical stability, corrosion resistance, and low cost. In this article, we prepared carbosulfan/polyurethane microcapsules by an interfacial polymerization method using modified isocyanate as the precursor and triethanolamine as a curing agent. The microcapsules were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis, and their release kinetics, chemical stability, and the safety of wheat seeds coating were also detected. The microcapsules had an excellent encapsulation efficiency and loading ability for carbosulfan ∼96.23% and 50%, respectively. Furthermore, the microcapsules improved the chemical stability of the carbosulfan and exhibited an excellent sustained release property (above 30 days), which controlled the carbosulfan and carbofuran at an appropriate level for reducing the adverse effects on the environment and agricultural products. The coated wheat seeds germination rate test showed that compared with the emulsifiable concentrate, the microcapsules almost had no effect on the germination rate, plant height, and root length. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43844.


Abstract : The overall audit objectives were to determine: the adequacy of the contract award process for the target holding mechanism, tank gunnery; the Army responsiveness to requests for equitable price adjustment from target holding mechanism, tank gunnery, contractors; the impact on training and readiness of target holding mechanism, tank gunnery, shortages; and the adherence to DoD regulations by acquisition officials. An additional audit objective was to evaluate the management controls over the procurement of the target holding mechanism, tank gunnery. The review of the procurement for the target holding mechanism, tank gunnery, was limited to contracts awarded to EcC International Corporation. This report discusses the adequacy of the contract award process, the Army responsiveness to requests for equitable price adjustments, the Army adherence to DoD regulations, and management controls as they applied to those specific objectives.


YG8 was used as working electrode in the mist medium to reinforce the surface of the H13 steel. Microstructure, thickness, phase composition and hardness of the reinforced surface were studied with the XRD, SEM, micro vickers hardness tester. Experimental results show that the phase are mainly Fe3C、FeCr、α-Fe and Co3Fe7, surface are orange-peel like, the microhardness of surface is 1286HV, 3times better than the body layer.


Green or Environment Marketing consist of all activities designed to generate and facilitate any exchanges intended to satisfy human needs or wants, such that the satisfaction of these needs and wants occurs, with minimal detrimental impact on the natural environment. Green marketing should not be considered as just one more approach to marketing, but has to be pursued with much greater vigor, as it has an environmental and social dimension to it. With the threat of global warming looming large, it is extremely important that green marketing becomes the norm rather than an exception. Recycling of paper, metals, plastics, etc., in a safe and environmentally harmless manner should become much more systematized and universal. It has to become the general norm to use energy-efficient lamps and other electrical goods. Marketers also have the responsibility to make the consumers understand the need for and benefits of green products as compared to non-green ones. Finally, consumers, industrial buyers and suppliers need to pressurize effects on minimize the negative effects on the environment-friendly. Green marketing assumes even more importance and relevance in developing countries like India. Green marketing is still in its infancy and a lot of research is to be done on green marketing to fully explore its potential. So, if today's successful marketing is about appealing to personal values and delivering consumer empowerment, then surely the time is right to inject sustainable development into the marketing mix to help address some of the gritty issues currently facing our planet.


Sediment core samples were collected from 17 wetland and marsh areas from portions of the Prairie Pothole Region of northeastern South Dakota during the fall of 2003. The marshes were located in Brown, Day, Clark, Codington, Hamlin, and Brookings counties. The catchments acted as sediment traps for wind blown sediments. Thus, a vertical profile of sediment was established. Ground penetrating radar was employed to gather data on depth to glacial till. The majority of profiles indicated that approximately one meter or less of sedi ment overlay glacial till. The sediment size parameters were analyzed by moment statistics to derive mean grain size, kurtosis, and sorting coefficients. Results indicated that wind blown (eolian) sediment could be distinguished from fluvial and other sediment. This study suggested that considerable historic windblown sedi ment may be related to road dust and recent agricultural practices. Additional implications of this study suggested that the pH of catchment deposits may have been raised by the addition of cations derived from dust.


Problem, research strategy, and findings: The contentious politics of the demolition of Lafitte public housing in post-Katrina New Orleans and its replacement with mixed-income properties is a telling case of the strategic conflicts housing advocates face in public housing revitalization. It reveals how the qualified outcomes of HOPE VI interact with local institutional and historical circumstances to confound the equity and social justice goals of housing and community development advocates. It shows the limits to public housing revitalization as an urban recovery strategy when hostile government leadership characterizes a region, and the state is recast as an adversary rather than revitalization partner. This case is part of a longer ethnographic project on post-Katrina New Orleans recovery. Takeaway for practice: Housing and community development advocacy for urban revitalization strategies is limited without a supportive state partner to endorse and smooth programmatic efforts. Public housing revitali...


The effects and therapeutic mechanism of Shen YanLin granulae on CGN,RNS were studied further.Methods:The patients with CGN,RNS were treated by Shen YanLin granulae.The serum LPO,serum and erythrocyte O -· 2 and serum SOD activity of the patients were examined in treatment beginning and end.Results:It was found that the precription could reduce the serum LPO,serum and erythrocyte O -· 2 ,increase the serum SOD activity of the patients.Couclusion:The adjusting oxide free radical reaction may be the one of the effects and therapeutic mechanism of Shen YanLin granulae on CGN,RNS.


BLUF domains are light sensors of many microorganisms. They are present in the multi-domain proteins e.g. AppA from the phototrophic proteobacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides, YcgF from Escherichia coli, PAC (photoactive adenylyl cyclase) from the unicellular flagellate Euglena gracilis and single domain proteins e.g. BlrB from Rhodobacter sphaeroides, Slr1694 from cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp.PCC6803, and Tll0078 of the thermophilic unicellular cyanobacterium Thermosynechococcus elongates BP-1.
 In this work the photo-cycle dynamics of BLUF domain proteins: AppA and BlrB from R. sphaeroides, Slr1694 from cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 and the H44R mutant of AppA protein in which His44 is replaced with Arg are investigated by absorption and emission spectroscopy.
 The chromophore analysis of the studied proteins revealed the presence of non-covalently bound FMN, FAD and Riboflavin, in the protein binding packet.
 Formation of an intermediate state (signalling-state) upon blue-light exposure was observed for all the studied BLUF domains. The signalling-state is distinguished from the receptor state by a slightly red-shifted absorption spectrum.
 The efficiency of the signalling-state formation varies between 25% for AppA and 60% for Slr1694 proteins.
 The signalling-state recovered back to the dark-state in dark at room temperature. The measured recovery times are between 17 min for AppA and 2 sec for BlrB. Two photo-active conformations with fast and slow fluorescence decay times in the dark- and signalling-states are observed in fluorescence lifetime measurements.
 Moreover, except in AppA protein, the fluorescence lifetime measurements revealed the presence of a fraction of flavin not bounded to the protein at the room temperature (thermodynamic equilibrium between holo-protein, apo-protein and free flavin).
 The photo-excitation of AppA protein in the signalling-state caused no more changes in the absorption spectrum while prolonged light excitation of BlrB and Slr1694 proteins resulted in the formation of flavin semi-quinone and flavin-hydroquinone forms followed by flavin re-oxidation and irreversible photo-degradation of free flavin and non-covalently bond flavin (with lower efficiency).


The present invention discloses a formula of composite vitamin ice cream powder. Said formula includes (wt%) 45-60% of sugar, 25-40% of milk powder, 6-15% of vegetable fat powder, 5-12% of malt dextrin, 0.3-0.8% of monoglyceride, 0.2-0.8% of sucrose ester, 0.3-0.8% of guar gum, 0.3-0.8% of CMC, 0.0012-0.0018% of VB1, 0.002-0.0026% of VB2 and 0.030-0.034% of Vc. At the same time said invention also provides its preparation method, and the ice cream prepared by using said invented ice cream powder not only has more complete nutrients, but also has health-care function, and has unique colour, flavour and taste.


A thesis submitted to the School of Business, KNUST in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the award of the degree Of Master of Business Administration in Finance, 2016


The broad application of nonwoven products has influenced the development of manufacturing techniques for this textile branch. The nonwoven textile manufacturing branch has generated not only new production methods, but also new, hitherto unknown, machines for production and has also influenced the development of new modifications of traditional machines. Needle-punching machines belong to these latter constructions. They have grown to be more and more complex with high-quality working parameters, but also with great sensitivity to faults during exploitation.


Abstract The earliest stages of mammalian embryogenesis are governed by the activity of maternally inherited transcripts and proteins. Cytoplasmic polyadenylation of selected maternal mRNA has been reported to be a major control mechanism of delayed translation during preimplantation embryogenesis in mice. The presence of cis- elements required for cytoplasmic polyadenylation (e.g., CPE) can serve as a useful tag in the screening of maternal genes partaking in key functions in the transcriptionally dormant egg and early embryo. However, due to its relative simplicity, UA-rich sequences satisfying the canonical rule of known CPE consensus sequences are often found in the 3'-UTR of maternal transcripts that do not actually undergo cytoplasmic polyadenylation. In this study, we developed a method to confirm the validity of candidate CPE sequences in a given gene by a multiplex comparison of 3'-UTR sequences between mammalian homologs. We found that genes undergoing cytoplasmic polyadenylation tend to create a conserved block around the CPE, while CPE-like sequences in the 3'-UTR of genes lacking cytoplasmic polyadenylation do not exhibit such conservation between species. Through this cross-species comparison, we also identified an alternative CPE in the 3'-UTR of tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA), which is more likely to serve as a functional element. We suggest that verification of CPEs based on sequence conservation can provide a convenient tool for mass screening of factors governing the earliest processes of mammalian embryogenesis.


The ultrastructure of rabbit tracheal epithelium was studied 20 min after injection of 0.04 and 0.5 mg of atropin. The tracheae were lined with altered ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium. The degree of damage to the epithelial cells was dose dependent. The injury to the tracheal epithelium due to treatment with 0.04 mg of atropin was considered mild. The administration of the higher dose of atropin caused moderately severe epithelial damage. Both experimental groups exhibited morphological signs of impaired self-cleaning ability.


This 2nd-order switched-capacitor (SC) /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ modulator uses a 1.8 V power supply. The circuit provides 15 b S/N performance over the 300 Hz-3.5 kHz band and hence has application in voice codecs. The circuit is designed for a nominal S/N performance of 16 b.


Mixed convection in magnetohydrodynamic second grade nanofluid flow through a
 porous medium containing nanoparticles and gyrotactic microorganisms with
 chemical reaction is considered. Buongiorno?s nanofluid model is used
 incorporating the buoyancy forces and Darcy-Forchheimer effect. Nanoparticles
 increase the thermal conduction in bioconvection flow and microorganisms
 simultaneously increase the stability of nanofluids. For the constructive
 (or generation) chemical reaction, the mass transfer displays an increasing
 behavior. Ordinary differential equations together with the boundary
 conditions are obtained through the similarity variables from the governing
 equations of the problem, which are solved by the Homotopy Analysis Method
 (HAM). The investigations are presented through graphs and the results are
 interpreted which depict the influences of all the embedded parameters.


The global energy usage have been growing and is expected to grow in the forthcoming years. The negative effects of increased energy use are greatly depending on the type of base raw materials requ ...


The time required for germination increases prior to the loss of viability as seeds deteriorate during siorage. We have developed a population-based threshold model that can quantify and predict seed germination times and percentages after various ageing periods under constant conditions. The model assumes that each seed has a maximum potential lifetime, the values of which vary in a normal distribution among individual seeds, and that the time to germination of a particular seed is inversely proportional to the remaining difference between the accumulated ageing period and the maximum lifetime of that seed. This model described with reasonable accuracy the germination time-courses of lettuce (Lactuca saliva L.) seeds after increasing periods of controlled deterioration at 10% moisture content (fresh weight basis) and 40 °C. In seeds of high initial quality, two phases of deterioration were detected, a relatively slow phase before significant loss of viability occurred and a more rapid phase once viability began to decline. Prehydration and redrying treatments that shortened the time to germination also reduced or eliminated the initial lag phase before the loss of viability began. Seed germination rates after different ageing periods can be normalized on a common 'ageing-time' scale, emphasizing the continuous and progressive nature of deteriorative processes in seeds. The model predicted, and the data confirmed, that there was a critical imbibition time after which no additional normal seedlings would germinate. This critical imbibition time for a given seed lot was independent of the ageing period. The maximum lifetime threshold model, in conjunction with previous population-based models of seed viability during storage, can provide a quantitative description of seed germination rates and normal or abnormal seedling percentages throughout the storage life of a seed lot.


Abstract : Branch and bound methods for search problems are considered, including hybrid methods that employ multiple bounds. Computational results are reported.


Five species of amphibians were found at Melawi, Bachok, Kelantan. Kaloula pulchra, Fejervarya limnocharis and Duttaphrynus melanostictus were the predominant species. Only a single individual of Polypedates leucomystax and an exotic species Hoplobatrachus rugulosus respectively was also found here.


Objective: To investigate the action of tetramethylpyrazines on cardiac myocyte hypertrophy induced by endothelin-1(ET-1). Methods: The blockers of L-type calcium channel(Larcidipine),TMPP and TMPH were used to influence protein synthesis stimulated by chronic ET-1. Results:(ET-1) group's intracellular protein content in cardiac myocyte was(279±39)μg/ml(17% higher than the control group,P0.05);ET-1+Larcidipine group was(231±43)μg/ml;(16.5% lower than the ET-1 group,P0.05);ET-1+TMPP group was(236±36) μg/ml(13.5% lower than the ET-1 group,P0.05);ET-1+TMPH group,(242±43) μg/ml(12.5% lower than the ET-1 group,P0.05);Larcidipine,TMPP and TMPH inhibited ET-1-induced proliferation of cardiac fibroblasts. Conclusion: ET-1 induced growth-promoting in myocytes is associated with L-type calcium channels and effects of TMP maybe take place through blocking L-type calcium channels.


Traditionally, the literature on transportation investment in developing countries has concentrated on the study of the relationships between socio-economic issues and investment and planning strategies in the sector; little attention has nevertheless been paid to the relation that exists between regulatory policies and transport investment in less developed countries. Poor understanding of this link has led in numerous instances to an incorrect diagnosis of transportation problems and to often unnecessary and/or inefficient investment outlays. In our opinion therefore, both international development agencies and financial institutions and national transport planning authorities in less developed countries would greatly benefit from a more comprehensive insight into the interrelationships that exist between regulatory policies and on how they affect investment in transportation in developing countries. Chapter 1 will review previous work and advances in the analysis and evaluation of transport investment in less developed countries, and will investigate the relationships that exist between transportation regulation and investment in the sector. Chapter 2 will review the different theories of economic regulation that have been established in the literature of public utility and will evaluate their applicability and adaptability to the regulation of the transport sector in less developed countries. Chapter 3 will analyze the effects of both market and operating transportation regulations on the level, distribution and composition of investment in the sector in developing countries, with particular emphasis on the case of the Arab Republic of Egypt. Finally, Chapter 4 will summarize the results and develop recommendations for future analysis and evaluation of transport investment strategies in the LDC's. Name and Title of Thesis Supervisor: Fred Moavenzadeh, Professor of Civil Engineering


The bachelor work is devided into 2 parts: theoretical and practical. There are all important theories and notes from the PR segment, which I have found in special literature: characte-ristic, types and aims of PR, characteristic of aim group, communication tools of PR in the work. In practical part you can find details and knowledges described from the activity of cultural agency. There are anounced facts from real using PR tools in communication stra-tegy. Thanks to quantitative research we found out the most popular and most effective PR tools.


Singapore, the most globally connected country in the world, has not been spared the increasing frequency, complexity and scale of cyberattacks. These are viewed as a major business risk because of the impact on business operations and brand reputation and the exposure to legal risks. Cyberattacks will no doubt affect Singapore's cyber connectivity and economic vibrancy. The high internet penetration rate, heavy digital reliance, ubiquity of the internet, proliferation of cybercrimes, their cross-border nature and the anonymity of the cybercriminal pose particularly challenging problems to law enforcers and other stakeholders. With these challenges in mind, this paper will evaluate the various measures that Singapore takes to combat cybercrime with particular reference to new laws that continually seek to keep pace with fast evolving cyber activities.


Looks at the data and metrology tools developed by The National Institute of Standards and Technology for the research community, including common middleware for distributed sensor data acquisition and processing.


Academy of Romanian Scientists, 54 Splaiul Independentei, RO-050085 Bucharest, Romania(Dated: January 19, 2012)It is shown that the proton formation probability, extracted from experimental data correspondingto one-proton radioactivity, is divided into two regions when plotted as a function of an universalparameter. This parameter is derived from a microscopic description of the decay process. Inthis way we explain the systematics of proton emission half-lives. At the same time the formationprobability is shown to be a useful quantity to determine the deformation property of the mothernucleus.


: After the welfare state crisis in the middle of the 20th century, the national ideology is legitimized and with it the state's retraction. This characteristic brought to the public policies severe consequences among them, social assistance. The Brazilian welfare has been suffered hypertrophy since the beginning of 2000, despite that the situation is permeated by contrast and recently minimized and selective. This study is theoretical research of bibliographical and documentary type aims to understand the particularities, advances, and retreats of the social assistance that take it or not overcoming familism. The work conclusion is that services created in politics in the years 2000, nationally typified include defamiliarizing aspects. However, their operationalization forms, target public, objectives and the resumption of the orthodox neoliberalism reaffirmed as a family policy.


In the previous meeting we have reported that if the aperture angle of a wedge-like region in 2D space bounded by perfectly reflecting planes is expressed as πN/M where N and M are relatively prime integers, the region can be divided into N cells and diffracted waves in a cell can be reconstructed by the sum of those in N-1 cells remained. This property holds for any positions of observation and source points. In this paper it is shown that the same cell structure exists in the 3D wedge-like region bounded by rigid planes. In this case the time dependent explicit solution for diffracted waves is available in closed form involving elementary functions only. Consequently the existence of cell structure can be shown analytically whereas in the 2D case it was shown numerically since the stationary solution for diffracted waves is expressed in asymptotic form involving Bessel functions. It is not easy to notice the cell structure without the new physical principle of diffraction, that is, virtual discontinuity...


Objective To investigate the protective effect and mechanism of sodium ferulate(SF)on retinal ischemia-reperfusion(RIR)injury induced by high intraocular pressure(IOP).Methods The experimental models of RIR injury were established by perfusing physiological saline into the anterior chamber.Thirty-two rabbits were randomly divided into SF treatment group and physiological saline control group,16 rabbits in each group.25 g·L-1 SF was intravenously and immediately injected with the dosage of 50 mg·kg-1 after reperfusion in SF treatment group,and the same capacity of physiological saline was given in control group,the same capacity was given per 24 hours in two groups.The rabbits were executed by aeroembolism at 24 hours,72 hours after injection.The content of malondialdehyde(MDA)and the superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity were measured by TBA and xanthine oxidase methods,respectively.Results At 24 hours after reperfusion,the content of MDA in control group and treatment group were(3.434±1.003)μmol·L-1 and(1.394±0.564)μmol·L-1,the later was lower than the former(P0.05);The activity of SOD in control group and treatment group were(70.734±1.329)U·mg-1 and(98.892±8.979)U·mg-1,the latter was higher than the former(P0.05).At 72 hours after reperfusion,the content of MDA in control group and treatment group were(2.639±1.412)μmol·L-1 and(1.459±1.552)μmol·L-1,the latter was lower than the former(P0.05);The activity of SOD in control group and treatment group were(113.169±0.072)U·mg-1 and(139.222±10.066)U·mg-1,the latter was higher than the former(P0.05).Conclusion SF has the protective effect on experimental RIR injury induced by high intraocular pressure by increasing the activity of SOD and decreasing the content of MDA.


This paper examines the export performance of the Republic of Macedonia to its main trading partners; hence we focus on the major importing countries which are most present in the Macedonian trade balance.

The data used in this article are analyzed with gravity model, which has good characteristics and very stable performance. Further, the data sample is formed on the Balkan countries i.e. Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, Romania, Slovenia, Turkey and Serbia and Montenegro.

The results show that the domestic country GDP is positively correlated with the exports from the source country to target countries and that Balkan countries have positive propensities to import from Macedonia, however it was found that populations of source country and target country are negatively correlated with exports from the source country to target countries. Additionally, the business cycles had no positive effect on Macedonian export to the target countries.


For obvious reasons, field studies in theatres of war operations are not common. They are dangerous, it takes time to plan them, and wars are typically not planned. This is partly why field studies are few in numbers – only three have been conducted in operations in which the Danish military has participated (Goldschmidt, 1976 ; Kold, 2003 ; Norgaard, 2004). Surveys are more commonly used together with interviews after the fact, the latter sometimes involving a large number of interviewees (Redding, 1994). While a field study amounts to direct observation of specific behaviour, a survey produces indirect observation only, and uses general concepts. Interestingly, the data from field studies differ from the data supplied by surveys, and lead to different theories about the operations concerned (Winslow, 2000). This difference is of vital importance as the political decision-making machinery, the military leadership and information management process rely on getting the right intelligence before, during and after operations.


Introduction: Multiple risk factors exist for the development of osteoporosis in patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant. Bone loss is greatest during the first year, predominantly the first 40 days. Bisphosphonate therapy combined with calcium and Vitamin D supplementation in allogeneic stem cell transplant patients may be one useful strategy to prevent the accelerated bone resorption. Study Design: A Phase II clinical trial studying the role of zoledronic acid (Zometa, Novartis Pharmcaeutical Corporation) in treating post-allogeneic bone marrow transplant(BMT) osteoporosis was undertaken. The study included adult patients undergoing allogeneic BMT for malignant and non-malignant disorders. Patients with plasma cell dyscrasias, thyrotoxicosis, primary and secondary hyperparathyroidism were excluded. Patients received zoledronic acid (4 mg IV over 15 minutes) pre-transplant and every three months thereafter for a total of 4 doses. All patients concomitantly received daily calcium (1000mg) and Vitamin D (400IU) supplements (oral or intravenous). Serial bone density(BMD) measurements at lumbar spine, total hip and forearm using DEXA were scheduled to be done at baseline (pre-transplant), 6 weeks, 6 months, 12 months, and 24 months. Urine NTX was a measured as a surrogate marker for bone turnover. Results: 22 patients were enrolled between January 2002 and August 2005. BMD data were available at baseline on 20 patients, at 6 weeks on 11 patients, at 6 months on 11 patients, at 1 year on 9, and on 5 patients on 2 years. Random coefficient analyses were performed. A statistically significant reduction in total hip BMD was observed (−3.6%, p Discussion: Review of recent literature implies that the degree of increased bone resorption pre- and post-BMT is highest at the femoral neck/total hip and can be up to 7.8% in the absence of bisphosphonate therapy. Our data indicates that zoledronic acid helps curtail the expected reduction in bone loss. Bisphoshonate therapy may be needed more frequently and for longer duration. Calcium/Vitamin D supplementation may need replenished more rigorously. Using urine NTX measurements concurrently with BMD to monitor bone turnover and response to treatment is indicated until standards of therapy are established. In conclusion, bisphosphonate therapy with zoledronic acid does impact standard of care for patients after allogeneic stem cell transplantation.


The High Court's decisions in Lange v Australian Broadcasting corporation, Levy v Victoria and Kruger v Commonwealth provides with an opportunity to consider the application of paradigmatic analysis to constitutional law. The justices did not treat the difficult provisions of the Constitution to be solved as part of the normal science of constitutional interpretation, rather, these sections were treated as anomalous facts open to different interpretations in a war between competing paradigms or understandings of the judicial role, of the Constitution and of Australian society.


Hongyan hydropower station is located in Maotiao river, in Xiuwen county of Guizhou province,it is a power generation project and designed the third class structures, Pivotal Project are composed of dam, water diversion tunnel, powerhouse, subsidiary dam, etc. Dam is concrete double curvature arch dam. Valley is narrow where dam site is located, V-shaped, and provides good terrain for dam construction. The stress and strain of arch dam structure not only are the index of arch dam structure rigidity, but also are the basis of identifying whether the arch dam structural damage occur. Horizontal section and vertical section of double curvature arch dam are all curve shaped, it is the most representative in the arch dam type. This paper adopts the universal finite element calculating software to design and simulate double curvature arch dam of hongyan hydropower station, and gives stress and deformation distribution of arch dam during construction and operation period. Analysis results can provides certain theoretical basis for structure design and construction of double curvature arch dam. Keywords-Hongyan hydropower station; Concrete arch dam; Structure design; Simulation analysis; Stress distribution


As for the concept of the Spirit of the Three Kingdoms and the Spirit of Outlaws of the Marsh put forward by Lu Xun,Wang Xuetai puts forward a view that the spirits of the two works are the spirit of vagrant.This Paper disagrees with Wang's view,mainly because the key figures in the two works are different: the for-mer are heroes,while the latter are gallant men.They are similar,but different in many aspects.The Spirit of the Three Kingdoms is the heroic spirit,while the Spirit of Outlaws of the Marsh is the gallant spirit.


JSON is a prevalent broadly useful information encoding group, utilized in numerous databases and web administrations. It is simple for a programmer to read and write as worked in a relational database. Like XML, JSON is also a semi-structured database in nature. Extracting information from semi-structured database required special query evaluation and processing engine. Using XQuery static information from XML database can access and retrieve easily through FLWOR construct. To extract structural and semi-structural information from JSON will be done through JSONiq query language and processor. The aim of this paper is finding the similarity between the relational query and JSONiq query and proving that simple queries like join, project, select, group, filter, and aggregate as done in SQL can also be done in JSONiq with JSON database.


Ridge-tilled corn (Zea mays L.) could benefit from arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. Under low soil disturbance, AM hyphal networks are preserved and can contribute to corn nutrition. A 2-yr study was conducted in the St. Lawrence Lowlands (Quebec, Canada) to test the effects of indigenous AM fungi on corn P nutrition, growth, and soil P in field cropped for 8 yr under ridge-tillage. Phosphorus treatments (0, 17, 35 kg P ha-1) were applied to AM-inhibited (AMI) (fungicide treated) and AM non-inhibited (AMNI) plots. Plant tissue and soil were sampled 22, 48 and 72 days after seeding (DAS). P dynamics was monitored in situ with anionic exchange membranes (PAEM) from seeding to the end of July. AMNI plants showed extensive AM colonization at all P rates. At 22 DAS, AMI plants had decreased growth in the absence of P inputs, while AMNI plants had higher dry mass (DM) and P uptake in unfertilized plots. The PAEM was lower in the AMNI unfertilized soils in 1998 and at all P rates in 1999, indicating an inverse...


Web2.0 not only has brought us the changes in network mentality and application,but also provides additional support to teaching models of E-learning,which will lead to the creation of E-learning2.0.The article begins with the introduction of Web 2.0,then continues with the discussion of its application in E-learning,and concludes with the characteristics and advantages of E-learning 2.0.


1. The reviewer of Berg's Operational Calculus as applied to Engineering and Physics (2nd ed. 1936) in the Gazette (Oct. 1937, p. 309) remarks that "Heaviside's methods deserve more attention in this country than they appear to receive", and a reference is made to articles contributed by Bromwich, Jeffreys and myself to Vol. XIV in 1928.


Objective To understand the requirements of renal transplantation recipients for health education and explore effective e-ducation modes and contents. Methods 93 renal transplantation recipients were investigated with questionnaire according to the need for health education and contents. The pertinent measures were put forward aiming at the existing problems. Results The survey showed the patients knew certain health information on renal transplantation, but lacked further health instructions and needed more information about the drugs and diet after renal transplantation. The methods like doctors' and nurses' explanation as well as the fellowship of renal transplantation recipients were most popular. Conclusion During the holistic nursing process, we must pay more attention to the form of health education and the mental support. The role of their families should not be neglected in health education.


Aim to estimate the clinical and pharmacological effects of ivabradine in complex treatment of patients with acute coronary syndrome and diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM 2). Materials and methods. The study included 36 patients with acute coronary insufficiency (unstable angina) and acute left ventricular failure (Killip class I-III) during concomitant type 2 diabetes. Results. Prescribing ivabradine in treatment of unstable angina pectoris complicated by type 2 diabetes led to decrease in clinical symptoms, heart rate and reduce in number of myocardial ischemia episodes. Patients treated with ivabradine, showed a significant tendency to increase left ventricular ejection fraction (12.3 %). Mo adverse reactions were recorded, including hypotensive complications. Conclusion. Ivabradine therapy was characterized by high ischemic and antianginal efficacy, good tolerability, did not lead to the development of tolerance and was not accompanied by the appearance of withdrawal syndrome.


We report on the realization of microstructures exhibiting the coexistence of two exchange bias fields with orthogonal directions. The microstructures are made of Fe50Mn50∕Ni81Fe19 bilayers and have L-like and crosslike shapes. Above the Neel temperature the magnetic elements are initially saturated along the diagonal of the structures and then cooled down in zero external field. This causes the exchange bias field to be initialized along two different axes. Magneto-optical measurements confirm the simultaneous presence of orthogonal biasing directions.


The present invention relates to a blower. The blower includes a closed case which has an internal space, an inlet formed on one side to draw air into the internal space, and an outlet formed on the other side to discharge the air drawn into the internal space to the outside; a rotating shaft which is vertically installed in the case to rotate; an electro-magnet which provides magnetic force from the outer side of the rotating shaft; an impeller which is fixed onto the rotating shaft to rotate; a magnet which is installed in the impeller to generate attracting force or repulsing force by using the electro-magnet, to rotate the impeller; and a substrate where a driving device is mounted to drive the electro-magnet. The present invention can provide vortex suppression capabilities.


Price P, Harding K. Cardiff Wound Impact Schedule: the development of a condition‐specific questionnaire to assess health‐related quality of life in patients with chronic wounds of the lower limb. Int Wound J 2004;1:1017.


Although it is widely accepted that Early Child Intervention (ECI) has valuable effects in child development and quality of life of children and their families, it still remains a lot to be done in Greece for the access of Greek visually impaired infants, preschoolers and their families to early support services. This paper discusses the context of a small scale Greek Home Visiting Program of Early Intervention for Visually Impaired babies and preschoolers aged 0-6 years with and without additional disabilities. The origins, process and methods of intervention of the program are presented in the context of a broader discussion about the needs of visually impaired babies, toddlers & preschoolers and their families in Greece. Present problems regarding the field of visually impaired and multiply handicapped children in Greece as well as future needs and visions are also discussed.


AMERICAN INDIAN CHILDREN WITH SPECIAL NEEDS The two million Native Americans who live in the United States have been called the most neglected minority ethnic group in the country. The leading cause of death is accidents, and this group has a much higher rate of disabilities than the general population. Many Native Americans also experience poverty, substandard health care and housing, racial discrimination, and substance abuse. The poverty rate is twice that of the general population, and the unemployment rate is five times higher. The death rate from alcohol-related causes is three times greater for Native Americans than for the general population. Of all the barriers to obtaining good health, poverty may be the most significant for Native Americans- Poverty, usually due to unemployment, is associated with increased rates of mortality, illness, disability, alcoholism, and suicide. Native Americans with disabilities are significantly poorer than other Native Americans. In areas with high unemployment for people without disabilities, the Tate of unemployment for people with disabilities is much higher. Isolation is another problem. Of course, Native Americans who still live on their traditional homelands in remote areas may not consider isolation a problem per Se, since they are living where they want to live. But it becomes a problem in terms of receiving health and rehabilitation services, since it necessitates traveling long distances over poor roads. Emergency services may take much longer, so that vehicle accidents result in more disabilities than accidents in urban areas would. If obtaining health care is inconvenient, it is also less likely to be sought. Public transportation is rare on reservations. Given the unemployment and poverty rates, it is not surprising that many Native Americans lack vehicles. Public transportation accessible to people with disabilities is particularly rare. Many reservations have dirt roads and lack sidewalks, making wheelchair use a problem. Even tribal and Indian Health Service buildings are usually inaccessible, and making them accessible for people with disabilities is considered a low priority. Many Native American homes on reservations lack telephones, electricity, and running water. Lack of services and the lack of awareness of services is another major barrier. Although Native Americans have more disabilities than the general population, they are less likely to receive services. Many Native Americans with disabilities are unaware of the existence of programs for which they are eligible, and many service agencies do little outreach to reservations and urban areas. Outreach is made difficult by other barriers, such as isolation, lack of transportation, language differences, and differences in values and lifestyles. Many public agencies are already overburdened with large caseloads and have little incentive to do expensive and time-consuming outreach to find new clients in rural areas. There are also cultural barriers that are unique to the Native American population. One must keep in mind that this group is not homogeneous; there are hundreds of distinct tribes and languages. Beliefs about health, illness, and disability may differ greatly from the European-American tradition. Often traditional-minded Native Americans have major disabilities but do not consider themselves disabled because they live in extended families that accommodate their needs. They may not be fully functioning, but they are fully accepted in the families and the community, and their contributions are valued. Some American Indian cultures do nor even have a term in their language for disability; the closest term is "being different." Some traditional Indian healers say that disabilities occur because the individual or one of his or her relatives broke a taboo or failed to follow prescribed codes of behavior. Often there is little emphasis on the "specialness" of the individual with a disability. …


Background and Objectives. The majority of the chromosomes with the βS gene have one of the five common haplotypes, designated as Benin, Bantu, Senegal, Cameroon, and Arab-Indian haplotypes. However, 5-10% of the chromosomes have less common haplotypes, usually referred to as atypical haplotypes. We have demonstrated that most atypical haplotypes are generated by recombinations. The present study was carried out in order to explore whether recombination also occurs in chromosomes with the common (or typical) haplotypes.


A multi-model system has been used to predict the seasonal and annual sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) over the tropical Pacific Ocean since 1997 in the National Climate Center (China). The evaluations of the multi-model system indicated that the ensemble multimodel predictions were better than those using by a single model.


. For each positive integer k , let A k be the set of all positive integers n such that gcd( n, F n ) = k , where F n denotes the n th Fibonacci number. We prove that the asymptotic density of A k exists and is equal to ∞ (cid:88) d =1 µ ( d lcm( dk, z ( dk )) where µ is the M¨obius function and z ( m ) denotes the least positive integer n such that m divides F n . We also give an effective criterion to establish when the asymptotic density of A k is zero and we show that this is the case if and only if A k is empty.


Given potential abuse, conflicts of interest, and other issues, why do companies routinely pay for their managers to entertain the managers of other firms and allow their own managers to be so entertained? An answer that such practices facilitate interfirm cooperation is incomplete because it fails to address why companies cannot or do not induce such cooperation directly via their own incentive systems. This article addresses these issues. It shows, inter alia, that even when firms can induce cooperation via their own incentive systems, they will do better obtaining that cooperation via cross-firm entertaining and other favor granting. This remains true even if "entertainment" budgets are subject to corruption, including excessive use or potential embezzlement. Furthermore, the results are wholly independent of any favorable tax treatment such practices may receive. (JEL D82, D86, L14, L24, M52.)


A panel zone of a PHC column for fixing girders is provided to reduce the time and cost required for construction by utilizing a PHC column as a prefabricated circular column for a building and to utilize as a base joint for attaching girders by attaching a steel pipe to the surface of the PHC column. The invention relates to a panel zone of a PHC column for fixing girders by manufacturing a PHC column(10) by forming a cylindrical key groove on a joint plane of upper and lower PHC molds to insert a cylindrical key, boring a key hole on a semicircular boundary plane of a steel pipe segment(13), welding a skidproof ring to the inside of the steel pipe segment, inserting the steel pipe segment to an assembled steel wire net and corresponding a semi-cylindrical key groove(12) and a steel pipe segment key hole of a lower mold, inserting a key to the key groove and the key hole, pouring concrete to the lower mold and assembling an upper mold, and removing the key projected to the panel zone of the PHC column stripped from the mold. The length of the PHC column is regulated according to the number of floors and floor height of a building, and the thickness of the wall is increased according to the axial column load, and the panel zone of the PHC column is used for a base joint to weld a tension diaphragm, a suspension diaphragm and a beam joint.


Part 1 Circuit analysis: fundamental elements of circuit theory the circuit laws circuit theorems and analysis methods controlled sources and two-port systems. Part 2 Circuits including storage elements: inductors and capacitors circuits with energy storage elements. Part 3 Single-frequency system and electrical power: complex numbers and the phasor notation forced response to sinusoidal signals and power computation electric power systems. Part 4 Frequency response of electrical systems: transfer functions, spectral synthesis, and complete response revisited frequency response: analysis and design. Part 5 Introduction to electronic devices: semiconductor diodes and diode circuits transistors and elementary transistor amplifiers an introduction to realistic transistor amplifiers.


On the basis of a specific methodology attributed to Sraffa, I present a critical assessment of certain conflicting positions that characterize the book Critical Essays on Piero Sraffa's Legacy in Economics (ed. H. Kurz, 2000). A criticism is addressed to Samuelson's view according to which the assumption of constant returns is an essential ingredient of Sraffa's theory of prices. It is argued that the defence against Samuelson's attack from the Sraffian side could be strengthened following the above methodology and a certain neoclassical literature. Some questions are raised about the constructive scope of the theoretical work developed along the guidelines of Sraffa's book.


In this paper, miniature voltage-controlled oscillator(VCO) for 1.6GHz PCS band is designed and implemented. Colpitts type LC resonating oscillator is designed with multilayer PCB and circuit parameters are optimized using the circuit simulator. Using the optimized design parameters, miniature VCO with 6×6×1.8mm³ (0.065cc) dimensions is fabricated and experimented. Developed VCO has -1.67dBm ±0.5dBm output power level in 52.5MHz tunung range, and has -99.33dBc/Hz phase noise performance at 10 KHz frequency offset.


Different short fibers (glass, carbon, cellulose, polyamide, and polyester with aspect, length/diameter, ratio of 600, 860, 500, 83, and 330 respectively) were added to styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) matrix filled with an inorganic semireinforcing mineral (sepiolite). In all cases, 18 parts by volume of fiber per 100 parts by mass of rubber were added. The fiber orientation attained (more than 60%) was evaluated by a ratio of directional mechanics on uncured samples. In glass and carbon fiber composites, because of decreases in fiber aspect ratio after mixing (10 and 35 respectively), no improvements in properties were obtained. The presence of fibers yields a large increase in green strength, stress at low strain, and tear strength. Logically, the elongation at break diminishes. The uncured and cured properties present a remarkable anisotropy. The adhesive employed (resorcinol-formaldehyde) to increase fiber-to-matrix adhesion enhanced the composite properties, especially in the case of polyester fiber composites. Thus, for polyester fiber composites, green strength became 15.85 kg/cm2; stress at 25% strain, 10.2 MPa; tensile strength, 6.3 MPa; elongation at break, 36%; tear strength, 70 N; and swelling in longitudinal direction, 1.06.


Popular culture and criminal justice intersect vividly in the police dramas Serpico and L.A. Confidential. These films examine, if not mirror, the realities of police culture in the US. This culture is defined by a machismo that has sometimes led to widespread police abuse. This abuse is most clearly seen in the recent Los Angeles Police Department's Rampart Scandal. In Serpico, L.A. Confidential, and the Rampart Scandal, the themes are identical; there is a corrupt police department and one person in the department, the whistle-blower, who initiates change. This paper will discuss the dynamics of whistle-blowing by examining the characters Frank Serpico in Serpico and Officer Exley in L.A. Confidential. It will use Raphael Perez of the Rampart Scandal as a reference for discussion.


Objective To observe the effect of Fluorouracil or Vincristine treatment combined with Nor- dihydroguaiaretic acid on the human malignant glioma cell line. Methods The effect of drugs on the cells was measured by MTT, and the protein expression of cyclin Dl gene in the cells was measured by immuno- histochemistry. Results (1) The anti-tumor effects of drugs on the cells were dosedependent, and had a co- operative function between NDGA and 5-Fu or VCR. (2) There was not difference between treatment effect of NDGA with 5-Fu or VCR on the cells and that of 5-Fu or VCR on the cells after NDGA treatment 24h , but their effects on the cells were apparently different from treatment effect of NDGA on the cells af- ter 5-Fu or VCR treatment 24h. (3) The protein expression of cyclin Dl gene in the cells was apparently reduced after NDGA treatment. Conclusion There was a cooperative function between NDGA and 5-Fu or VCR on the cells, and the function was probably related to the NDGA-induced down-regulation protein ex- pression of cyclin Dl gene in the cells.


The electromagnetic (EM) energy absorption of a three-layered human model illuminated by EM waves of frequency 0.2~6GHz is calculated with the Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) method, which is shielded with materials of various EM properties. The calculation results show that the energy absorption, its spatial distribution and their incident wave frequency sensitivity are markedly affected by shield. The whole average Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) and the local SAR are used to describe the energy absorption characters. Connections of EM properties of the shield materials and SAR of the human model are investigated to provide reference to the design of human body EM shield. Also, assessment of the shield effectiveness of human body shield is discussed.


The purpose of this essay was to find an understanding of what factors which

affect refugee reception in two municipalities in the southern part of Sweden, the

municipality of Vellinge and the municipality of Landskrona. Three interviews

were made with three local politicians and these interviews were then analysed

using postcolonial theory. With the help of Matthew J. Gibney we identified seven

factors which aided us in the analysis these were: Integration history, Ethnic

affinity, Determining who is a refugee, The wealth of the municipality, The

housing market, The labour market and The action of other municipalities.

We found that these factors were all useful in creating an understanding of

refugee reception in the two municipalities. However they affected the

municipalities differently. The municipality of Vellinge claimed that economic

factors were the most important when deciding not to receive any refugees.

Nevertheless we found that factors like ethnic affinity and integration history

played an important part in the decision making as well. In the municipality of

Landskrona we found that refugee reception to a large extent was independent of

politic decisions and was instead something that continued without involvement

from the ruling in the municipality. Refugee reception in Landskrona can instead

be understood as dependent on the traditions in the municipality, on its ethnic

affinity and on its housing market.


A comprehensive model of the lunar air pressure tide L2 is developed on the basis of 2315 ground truth estimates from land barometers and moored buoys. Regional‐scale features of the tide and its seasonal modulations are well resolved by the in situ scatter and gridded to a 2° mesh through multiquadric interpolation. The resulting climatologies serve as an independent standard to validate the lunar semidiurnal tidal signal that is present in ERA‐Interim reanalysis products despite the absence of L2‐related gravitational forcing mechanisms in the prescribed model physics. Inconsistencies between the reanalysis solution of the barometric lunar tide and its empirical account are generally small, yet when averaged over the period 1979–2010, ERA‐Interim underestimates the 100 μbar open ocean tidal amplitude in the Tropics by up to 20 μbar and produces times of peak pressure that are too early by 10 lunar minutes. Large‐amplitude features of the reanalysis tide off the coast of Alaska, the eastern U.S., and Great Britain are evidently spurious, introduced to the analysis system by assimilating marine pressure data at an invariant reference surface instead of properly accounting for vertical sensor movements associated with the M2 ocean tide. Additionally, a credible L2 signal is documented for the ERA‐20C pilot reanalysis of the twentieth century. The fact that this model rests upon input data from mere surface observations provides an unambiguous indication that the lunar tidal oscillation in atmospheric analysis systems is closely tied to the assimilation of conventional pressure measurements from stations and marine objects.


:As progresses are being made in the economic structure reform in China and the market economy are developing soundly, the quality of accounting information, which is one of the key factors of enterprise's management practice, has attracted attentions from all circles. Pointing out the causes for the poor quality of accounting information in China, the paper comes up with measurs to deal with the problem.


While marketing firms, and the related marketing literature, have devoted a great deal of attention to the cultivation of relationships between companies or organizations and their consumers/supporters, the issue of relationship dissolution has been largely neglected by comparison. The present study is an attempt to address this neglect by bringing into focus certain factors that may contribute to the dissolution of strong relationships between organizations and their supporters. In particular, this study will examine gender differences in the dissolution of such relationships.


In this paper we describe a method for the derivation of the constitutive behavior of rate-dependent materials from two potential functions. Once the potentials have been specified an entirely standardized procedure can be adopted to derive the response, and no additional assumptions are necessary. There is some freedom in the choice of which potential functions to specify: the first is one of four energy potentials, and the second, which specifies the dissipative behavior, is either the force or flow potential. The method allows alternative models to be quickly compared and set within an appropriate hierarchy. This work extends previous work on rate-independent materials, for which the force potentials take a special form. We illustrate the method with four examples of different viscoplastic models.