We experimentally demonstrate a single sensor virtual ghost imaging (VGI) configuration that uses the physics of nearly diffraction free light sources to penetrate partially obscuring media or turbulent media and generate images of remote opaque objects. Randomly displaced nearly diffraction free Bessel beams provided improved illumination patterns for VGI and resolving small distant targets. VGI recovered the image of objects even when the coarse illuminating Bessel beam was transmitted through obscuring and turbulent media or through a small transversely displaced aperture. Bessel beam experiments are compared with Gaussian beam experiments under similar conditions.


Little information is available on factors affecting the amount of program change in community welfare organizations. The greater portion of the available literature pertains not to social welfare agencies, but to organizations such as businesses, public bureaucracies, military organizations, hospitals, schools and pris ons.1,2 Virtually no comparable data are available concerning the implementation of program change in community welfare agencies.3 This study4 attempts to fill that void by delineating the char acteristics of those community social welfare agencies in Houston, Texas, which are associated with higher rates of organizational program innovation in contrast to those agencies which manifest little or no program change.


In this article, we examine the Fowler–Nordheim (FN) equation for field emission using pedagogical models to introduce and illuminate its origins, limitations, extensions, and application to multidimensional structures. The analyses of modern electron sources generally invoke either the FN equation or the Richardson–Laue–Dushman equation (thermionic emission) to interpret experimental data. These equations have ranges of validity that are increasingly challenged by operating conditions. The present article shall therefore have several aims. An introduction to and review of the FN equation shall be presented. Extensions to account for many body and other effects, shall be motivated by accessible models, and a generalized thermal-field emission methodology developed to account for low work function, high fields, photoexcitation, and other conditions in which the incident electron energy is near the barrier maximum. An account of effects such as resonance, which are not generally part of the standard emissio...


A review of plant machinery to recover polyolefin scraps by means of melting process. Technical solutions set by Italian machine manufacturers have improved production capacity, yields and quality of the recovered product


Leptin is a hormone secreted from adipose tissue (AT) that plays important role in metabolism of carbohydrate, proteins, and lipids. Also, leptin and its receptors are key regulators of body weight and energy metabolism. Previous studies, demonstrated that plasma leptin improved glucose and lipid metabolisms independently of the food intake reduction by decreasing in blood glucose and insulin levels as well as triacylglycerol stores in the body. Objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between plasma leptin concentration and lipid profile in healthy and diabetic individuals. Twenty-six participants were recruited in the study, 13 newly diagnosed and non-treated Type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients and 13 healthy controls. Metabolic variables including glucose, glycated hemoglobin, lipids: total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein and very low-density lipoprotein, and hormone concentrations leptin and insulin were measured. Plasma leptin concentration was an increased significantly (p<0.001) in diabetic patients compared to controls. Values of other biochemical characteristics were significant different between cases and controls (p<0.001). A significant association was demonstrated between leptin with BMI levels in participants (p<0.05) but not between leptin and lipid levels (p>0.05). Also, strong negative associations were observed between leptin and glucose levels among controls (p<0.009) as well a positive association leptin with HOMA-IS in diabetics (p<0.05). These results suggest that plasma leptin concentrations were affected by the increased levels of glucose, insulin and lipid profile in Bosnian study population. Therefore, leptin can be used as a biomarker of glucose and lipid control in newly diagnosed diabetic patients.


Solid-state microwave-assisted oxidative deprotection of 1,3-dithianes and 1,3-dithiolanes of aromatic aldehydes and ketones, cyclic ketones, α,β-unsaturated aldehydes and aliphatic aldehydes and ketones has been accomplished using ammonium persulfate on wet montmorillonite K-10 clay support.


The Negro slave trade to the Americas is important to the student of New World societies chiefly because it provided human raw material for a complex social process which still continues. Yet historical studies of the Negro traffic, at least so far as the Spanish colonies in America are concerned, have emphasized the mechanics and international aspects of the traffic, often with little consideration of the slaves themselves.1 This tendency doubtless arises from the fact that Spain, lacking adequate possessions of her own in Africa, granted assientos or monopolistic slaving contracts in order to regulate and tax the importation of Negroes obtained from foreign African establishments. The regular succession of these assientos, from their first sporadic appearance in the sixteenth century until free trade in slaves was begun in 1789,2 provides a convenient chronological framework for the history of the Spanish slave trade which has tempted students to disregard other aspects of the traffic. The international character of the assientos came to have increas-


Remote manipulation and controlled navigation of magnetically driven miniature soft robots make them promising robotic tools operating in hard-to-reach workspace. The functionality of robots can be enhanced by integrating multiple materials with different mechanical or magnetic characteristics. However, it remains challenging combining multiple materials along with arbitrary magnetization profile formation during fabrication. This study, from a pixel level, uses stereolithography process to precisely incorporate multiple materials with different physical properties for millimeter-scale robot printing, as well as encode discrete magnetizations for the actuating parts, which provides a customizable approach for sophisticated shape production. Complex shape transformations and dynamic motions were observed through the magnetic actuation of printed robots. With the integration of magnetoactive and non-magnetic materials, free locomotion in a liquid environment tracked by optical and ultrasonic detections was achieved by actuating a 4-arm flapping robot. Moreover, discrete patterns were formed with the combination of soft and rigid magnetic materials. Such versatility of robotic behaviors and enhanced morphing capabilities enable the creation of complex multi-material actuators and provide a promising route towards a wide spectrum of biomedical applications.


This article describes how current climate conditions--with increasingly extreme storms, droughts, and heat waves and their ensuing effects on water quality and levels--are adding stress to an already aging power grid. Moreover, it explains how evaluations of said grid, built upon past weather patterns, are inaqeduate for measuring if the nation's energy systems can cope with future climate changes. The authors make the case for investing in the development of robust, integrated electricity planning tools that account for these climate change factors as a means for enhancing electricity infrastructure resilience.


Aiming at the current situation and development trend of economy and higher education in China,this paper discusses the talent training model of the tertiary university of science and technology.It also introduces the teaching reform of the "specialty of software engineering + application background" training model in East China Jiaotong University.


We investigate the functions spaces on for which the generalized partial derivatives exist and belong to different Lorentz spaces , where and is nonincreasing and satisfies some special conditions. For the functions in these weighted Sobolev-Lorentz spaces, the estimates of the Besov type norms are found. The methods used in the paper are based on some estimates of nonincreasing rearrangements and the application of , weights.


In this paper, we propose a vision-based method to estimate the pose (position and orientation) of the palm. Two sub-problems were solved in this study. One is to obtain the correspondence of the four coplanar mark points on the target object. The other is to estimate the position and orientation of the palm in the camera coordinate system. The position and orientation of the palm in the camera coordinate system can be derived by the geometric relation, which can be transformed the pose estimation problem into a Perspective-n-Point (PnP) problem. Dog-Leg (DL) algorithm is adopted to solve the PnP problem to get a higher processing speed. An experiment is conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed methods. The experimental results demonstrate that proposed method can obtain the position and orientation accurately and the DL algorithm can be used to solve the P4P problem faster than an existing algorithm.


It is shown that a current introduced directly into the N layer of an SNS Josephson junction whose width is much greater than ξ N enters the two superconductors dividing in the ratio of the resistances encountered. The device acts as a two-terminal device with an auxiliary current divider.


The results of an applied study of the effectiveness of laser technologies in the automation of technological preparation of serial production of aircraft structures from polymer composite materials are presented. The article also discusses reducing the loss of expensive composite materials through the use of precise sweeping and cutting machines with CNC and reducing time losses by increasing the speed and improving the quality of manual stacking of composite material by means of using precise blanks and laser projections of the stacking areas. Particular importance in the article is paid to the use of laser technologies in the processes of automation of technological preparation of batch production to achieve a high level of repeatability of products, which will significantly reduce production defects due to the influence of the human factor on the production process.


Abstract As inferred from our x-ray single-crystal diffraction data, the microscopic mechanism of the structural phase transition at 190 K in 4,4′-dichlorobenzophenone is such that certain structural imperfections must be inevitably present in the low-temperature phase. Taese defects can be the physical cause behind the shallow X-traps for triplet excitons, as observed in luminescence spectra.


A high sensitive and simple spectrophotometric method for the determination of captopril based on the inhibition of hemoglobin for the oxidation of H2O2 with acid chrome blue K(ACBK) was developed.The percentage inhibition(I%) of system is calculated under the optimal experimental conditions.The calibration curve is linear in the range of 6.23×10-8~1.25×10-5 mol/L,with the detection limit of 3.88×10-9 mol/L.The relative standard deviations of this method are 3.5%at 6.23×10-6 mol/L for 11 determinations.This method can be suitable for the determination of captopril in captopril tablets with satisfactory results.


This paper discusses a full interferometry processing chain based on dual-orbit Sentinel-1A and Sentinel-1B (S1) synthetic aperture radar data and a combination of open-source routines from the Sentinel Application Platform (SNAP), Stanford Method for Persistent Scatterers (StaMPS), and additional routines introduced by the authors. These are used to provide vertical and East-West horizontal velocity maps over a study area in the south-western sector of the Po Plain (Italy) where land subsidence is recognized. The processing of long time series of displacements from a cluster of continuous global navigation satellite system stations is used to provide a global reference frame for line-of-sight–projected velocities and to validate velocity maps after the decomposition analysis. We thus introduce the main theoretical aspects related to error propagation analysis for the proposed methodology and provide the level of uncertainty of the validation analysis at relevant points. The combined SNAP–StaMPS workflow is shown to be a reliable tool for S1 data processing. Based on the validation procedure, the workflow allows decomposed velocity maps to be obtained with an accuracy of 2 mm/yr with expected uncertainty levels lower than 2 mm/yr. Slant-oriented and decomposed velocity maps provide new insights into the ground deformation phenomena that affect the study area arising from a combination of natural and anthropogenic sources.


A novel Turn-Model based Fully-Adaptive-Routing (TM-FAR) algorithm is proposed for Networks-on-Chip (NoC). TM-FAR retains the deadlock-free property of traditional turn-model based routing algorithms (e.g., XY, Odd-Even), while alleviating restrictions on turn and path selections. Just like the current Virtual-Channel based Fully-Adaptive-Routing (VC-FAR) algorithm, TM-FAR allows full exploitation of all available minimal paths, yet TM-FAR does not use virtual channels. This fully adaptive routing capability of TM-FAR promises improved routing adaptivity and enhanced level of fault-tolerance. Preliminary experimental results indicate that the TM-FAR achieves an averaged delay reduction of 30.08% and a throughput rate increase of 4.54% compared to the state-of-the-art NoC routing algorithm based on the Odd-Even turn model.


The variability in the degradation rate of a fabric treated with each of two rot- inhibiting treatments was measured after burial in a biologically active soil for varying periods of time under controlled conditions. The purpose of the experiment was to determine what limits of reliability might be expected in average strength measurements as a consequence of random variations inherent in the soil burial procedure employed under practicable measures of control. The experiment utilized a random block design, which permitted estimation of the effect of soil variations among the several blocks. The design also made possible an analysis of the results as 5 replicate measurements of 10 observations, or, when combined, as a single measurement of 50 observations. The results showed that the variability in fabric strength measurements increased as deterioration progressed, reaching a maximum when 40-60% of the original strength was lost. The increase was greater in the treated than in untreated fabric, and for one treatment than for the other. The degradation rate of untreated fabric in the several soil blocks showed highly significant differences. But a similar block effect on the treated fabric could not be detected in 8 of the 10 exposure periods. The increased variability and reduced rate of deterioration resulting from the treatment evidently tended to mask the smaller effect of soil variation. At the stage corresponding to the greatest variability, the 95% confidence range for measurements based on 10 observa tions was for one treated fabric 43.8% of the original strength, and for the other, 22.4%. This degree of precision does not justify the high confidence often placed in soil burial test data based on 10 or fewer observations per sample. The variability measurements indicate several measures that can be taken to increase the precision of the test pro cedure by reducing the random variations. The shortcomings inherent in the general practice of reporting the results of soil burial tests as the average percentage of the original strength lost or retained are dis cussed. A novel method of presenting test data in the form of a histogram of the cumulative frequency distribution is proposed as a means of overcoming most of the disadvantages of the conventional methods of reporting data.


Culture is the foundation of a nation depends on for survival and development, and also the long-term historical experience accumulation of the nation. The five thousand years of history of China has left us brilliant cultural heritage. However, with the deepening of globalization and the modernization of science and technology, more and more intangible cultural heritage of China is on the verge of extinction. Many technologies and arts depending on oral transmission have less and less functions in daily life, thus starting to decline and fade away gradually. Therefore, it is necessary to find out the countermeasures of intangible cultural heritage protection and inheritance problems. This paper, starting from the transformation of Suzhou Pingtan, analyzes the current situation and problems Suzhou Pingtan faces, explore and study the "active inheritance" of Pingtan art and skills, aiming to provide forward guidance for the protection of intangible cultural


Current knowledge of the long‐term health behaviours and well‐being of adolescent and yong adult (AYA) cancer survivors is limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the health behaviours of AYA cancer survivors compared to Australian normative data and describe their health‐related quality of life (HR‐QoL) and levels of fatigue.


The mechanism of soil water movement and transport is necessary for agricultural management with different soil textures.According to the results of simulation rainfall experiments,the transport traits of soil water on loess slope lands with different soil textures,Yangling sandy clay soil,Ansai loam,Shenmu silt loam,respectively,are investigated.It shows that the initiation runoff time,runoff and sediment also climb with the increase of soil clay particle percent,while the infiltration rate and the cumulate infiltration water reduce with that.The infiltration rate for those soils in the process of rainfall can be well simulated with the Kostiakov equation.The mean infiltration rate for Yangling sandy clay soil,Ansai loam,Shenmu silt loam is 0.32 mm/min,0.83 mm/min and 0.88 mm/min,respectively.The velocity of wetting front decline should be positive relation to the soil sandy particle percent and the adding soil water.To promote the rare rainfall and lesson the water and soil loss,protective farming measures are suggested,especially for Yangling sandy clay soil.


The microstructures of solid electrolytes play an important role in the level of ionic conductivity of these materials. Thus join the mechanical properties of partially stabilized tetragonal phase and the ionic conductivity displayed by the large area of the grain boundaries of polycrystalline zirconia nanometric is an advantage. The objective of this work is to study the densification of ultrafine particles of yttria stabilized zirconia in the tetragonal phase (Y-TSZ) obtained by chemical routes using the unconventional method of sintering the Two Steps Sintering (TSS). The nanocrystalline powders Y-TSZ (4.5 mol%) were prepared by Pechini method and were characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). The powders were pressed and sintered per TSS. The density of sintered samples was measured by Archimedes method, the crystalline structure was determinate by X-ray diffraction and the grain size and microstructure were observed by SEM. The TSS prevented the grain growth keeping your submicrometer grain size.


lastic philosophy enunciated his famous "razor": Entia non sun t multiplicanda praeter necessitatem (hypotheses should not be multiplied unnecessarily). This is the classic claim for the description of nature in terms of the minimum possible number of fundamental concepts. It was presumably so recognized by Newton in the third book of his "Principia" in 1687 when he wrote: "We are to admit no more causes of natural things than such as are both true and sufficient to explain their appearances. To this purpose the philosophers say that Nature does nothing in vain, and more is in vain when less will serve; for Nature is pleased with simplicity' and affects not the pomp of superfluous causes." There is little doubt that the progress of science during the i8th century was colored by the feeling that nature is simple. Perhaps our forerunners of the last century were not so sure. How do we feel about this matter today ? Is nature really simple? What does this phrase mean to the modern physicist? The present article is concerned with these and related questions.


Electrically assisted manufacturing (EAM) is defined as the direct application of electricity to a workpiece in situ with a manufacturing process. This is commonly used in forming to reduce the flow stress and increase the ductility of metals. Under certain conditions, there seem to be effects of the electricity that occur in addition to the inherent resistive heating in metals. This electroplastic effect is often deduced by estimating temperatures through analytical or numerical simulations and comparing this to the temperatures required to effect thermal stress reductions observed in experimental tests.
 For tests which utilized pulsed or AC currents, an RMS current value may be used to simplify simulations since current transience can be averaged to a constant representative value. However, there is often no justification of this assumption and it is possible that assumption could lead to erroneous results. Various assumptions applied to EAM research are explicitly explored herein to determine their validity in thermal estimations. It was concluded that AC, square wave, and sawtooth currents at frequencies greater than 1 Hz, or pulses from power supplies with significant ripple, can be approximated with a DC current of similar RMS value to obtain similar thermal estimations. Simulation geometries should incorporate as much of the experimental setup as possible. An example from literature was used to test several other assumptions as well, including the use of analytical simulations, rather than numerical.


Value relevance (VR) of earnings and book value of equity is studied in a setting where the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) have been adopted through a convergence and customization route. Quantile regression methodology is applied to level and return models. We find no significant increase in VR of earnings or book equity. Smaller firms show some sensitivity to the change in the regime as compared to the largest set of firms, though accounting metrics overall, help explain the value of larger firms better. We conclude that the convergence route leads to continuous, incremental benefits over the pre-adoption period which pre-empts any significant increase in VR upon IFRS adoption. Gradual convergence with IFRS supported by positive, investor-friendly changes (Roca, 2021) to existing institutional and regulatory frameworks over time, results in better adoption and early, continuous capture of value, though the process itself is long drawn out. More research is needed to test the relevance of alternate metrics in the current technology and intangibles-driven economies (Barth, Li, & McClure, 2021). India's unique approach to IFRS adoption may hold lessons for all IFRS adopters across the world while responding to new/revised standards in the future. This is the first comprehensive study on the value relevance and information content of the Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS)


In the first report the features of water resources of Pribaikalye, their chemical compound and quality of the surface water used with the purpose of drinking water supply of the population of the Irkutsk region and the western part of Buryatia are considered. The data is presented on biologically active macroelements in natural waters of Baikal. Their very low mineralization is revealed


44 "Aspirin may add cardiac prophylaxis at a cost of gastrointestinal protection." —FDA Arthritis Advisory Committee They recommended the Vioxx label be modiÞed to include more cautions, rather than fewer. "To a patient it, doesn't matter whether you end up in an intensive care unit with a big GI bleed or whether you end up in an intensive care unit with a myocardial infarction," noted advisory committee member Steven Nissen, MD, reßecting this concern. "They are both pretty bad things to have happen." (See Arthritis Advisory Committee, 2001.)


Persistent organic pollutants, including polychlorinated biphenyls, may pose serious health hazard to consumers due to their lipophilic character as well as their high stability and toxicity. They are common in milk and also in dairy products. Therefore, to provide consumers with
food of the lowest possible level of pollutants, it is important to estimate the influence of technological processes in milk and dairy products manufacture on changes in the contents of toxic PCB congeners. The PCB congeners content was determined using gas chromatography with mass spectrometry. Our study showed that yoghurt starter cultures turned
out to be an effective tool in decreasing the toxicity equivalent of yoghurts. The presence of additional two starter cultures of bacteria Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium sp. In the A.B.T. bioyoghurt starter culture was most likely the reason of the highest efficiency of this culture to reduce the value of toxicity equivalent (TEQPCB) in bioyoghurts (reduction by nearly 50 %). However, none of the
four tested starter cultures of yoghurts and bioyoghurts ensured complete biodegradation of any of the tested PCB congeners. These cultures contributed to a distinct reduction in contents of the PCB congeners in the finished products and, simultaneously, to a significant
increase in PCB 28 and PCB 77, which may result from the degradation of
more chlorinated congeners. In consequence it can improve the quality of fermented dairy products.


This study aims to look at the experiences that have been encountered by drug addicts when using the Expressive Arts Therapy in group counseling. A total of 30 participants were selected as clients by using purposive sampling and they were divided into two groups. A total of 15 people had group sessions using the Expressive Arts Therapy while another 15 people had group sessions without using the Expressive Arts Therapy. This study is a qualitative research and the data were analyzed by using the results of interviews, observations and documents based on clients' drawing. Several themes emerged after analyzing the data that give meaning, cure, awareness, self confidence and catharsis. The study finds that the use of Expressive Arts Therapy provides a forum for creative exploration as the initial process when long historical experiences are latent and difficult to be expressed by the study participants.


The reaction of WCl4(Me2S)2 with Et3SiH yields Cl3W(µ-H)(µ-Me2S)2WCl2(Me2S) from which the anion [Cl3W(µ-H)(µ-Me2S)2WCl3]– can be prepared; a single-crystal X-ray diffraction study of [HPPh3][Cl3W(µ-H)-(µ-Me2S)2WCl3] shows that these complexes possess a confacial bioctahedral framework with a formal W–W triple bond of length 2·410(7)A.


The strain for producing antioxidative peptide from peanut meal using liquid state fermentation was screened,and the fermentation conditions were optimized.The optimal strain was Bacillus subtilis 20029,and the optimal fermentation conditions were obtained by response surface methodology as follows:temperature 30℃,pH 8,fermentation time 49.5 h.Under the optimal conditions,the DPPH·radical scavenging activity of the fermentation product reached 63.28%.


Objective To investigate the expression and correlation of cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)-C proteins in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.Methods COX-2 and VEGF-C expressions were detected by immunohistochemical method in 66 cases of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(in contrast with 10 cases of paraneoplastic tissue specimens).Results The positive rates of COX-2 and VEGF-C were 69.70% and 56.06% respectively in 66 cases of esophageal carcinoma,which were higher than corresponding paraneoplastic tissue specimens(P0.05).The high expressions in carcinoma tissue was closely correlated with lymph node metastasis(P0.05).Further more,there is obvious correlation between the expressions of COX-2 and VEGF-C(r=0.479 P0.01). Conclusions There are high expressions of COX-2 and VEGF-C in esophageal carcinoma tissue,and COX-2 may get involved in the form of VEGF-C lymph-vessel tract.Their expressions may play a very important role in lymph-vessel metastasis of esophageal carcinoma.


Background Respiratory distress (RD) is higher among newborns born by caesarean section (CS) compared to vaginal delivery. Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists recommend steroid administration for CS prior to 39 weeks. Effectiveness of steroids for neonatal RD at term is inconclusive. The racial differences are yet to be studied. Methods A single center retrospective cohort study was conducted in Colombo, Sri Lanka from December 2016 to February 2019. All mothers delivered by CS between 37+0 and 38+6 weeks were included. Mothers with severe maternal hypertension, fetal rhesus sensitization, intrauterine infection, multiple pregnancies and who received steroids at a prior gestation were excluded. Cohort was subdivided according to administration of intramuscular dexamethasone prior to CS. Primary outcomes measured were RD, admissions to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and special care baby unit (SCBU). Neonatal infections and maternal duration of hospital stay were recorded as secondary outcome measures. Results 560 patients were included. 23.2% of patients received antenatal corticosteroids. Incidence of RD, NICU admissions and SCBU admissions in the study cohort was 10%, 0.9%, and 2.7% respectively. Relative risk for developing RD in the steroid group compared to non-steroid group was 2.67 (95CI 1.64-4.35). 4.6% of the steroid group and 3.3% of the non-steroid group needed to be admitted to the NICU/SCBU (p=0.464). A significantly higher number of babies in the steroid group needed IV antibiotics. The average number of days the mothers were admitted to the hospital was 2.45 days (SD+/- 1.424) for steroid group and 1.4 days (SD+/- 0.856) for the non-steroid group (p < 0.001). Conclusions There is a significant increase in the respiratory morbidity in the dexamethasone administered south Asian mothers at term prior to CS. However, this effect has no clinical significance since the admissions to NICU and SCBU were not significantly different.


We introduce several refinements in the design method of a coalitional control scheme for linear systems recently proposed. In this scheme, the network topology is modified in order to attain a trade-off between communication burden and overall system performance. In particular, all the communication links with low contribution to the overall performance are disconnected. Likewise, the control law is adapted to these changes. Given that the coalitional control scheme can be described as a cooperative game, it is possible to apply classical game theory results to gain insight into the distributed control problem. In this work, we show how the design method can be modified in order to include constraints regarding the game theoretical properties of the aforementioned scheme.


SUMMARY: This article contains a number of facts about Treffz, who was born in Hessen (Germany) and who was since 1791 in Batavia. In 1815 he was there in the service of the Dutch East India Company, but it is almost certain that this was the case in 1791 too. Treffz travelled to the Moluccos in 1820 to collect objects of Natural History. He died June 18, 1820 on his return from Ceram to Amboina. He went before Reinwardt to that part of the Indonesian Archipelago, Reinwardt left Batavia February 21, 1821 and came back to Buitenzorg March 18, 1822. Information is given about persons, who contributed to the collections of the Dutch musea of Natural History at Amsterdam and Leyden. The collections at Amsterdam were added to those at Leyden in 1820.


NASA Johnson Space Center invites local media to observe a historic launch Friday from inside Mission Control, Houston, as Scott Kelly and Mikhail Kornienko begin the first one-year mission aboard the International Space Station.


Abstract The distinguishing number D(G) of a graph G is the least integer d such that G has a vertex labeling with d labels that is preserved only by a trivial automorphism. The distinguishing stability of a graph G is denoted by and is the minimum number of vertices whose removal changes the distinguishing number. We show that for every natural number k, there exists a graph G such that . Then we give some upper bounds for . We also study the edge distinguishing stability number (distinguishing bondage number) of G.


Richter Syndrome, an aggressive lymphoma occurring in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), has a generally poor prognosis and anthracycline‐based chemoimmunotherapy regimens designed to treat de novo diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma achieve modest clinical benefit. R‐EPOCH (rituximab, etoposide, prednisone, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin) has demonstrated greater activity against aggressive B‐cell histologies but has not been studied in Richter Syndrome. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 46 Richter Syndrome patients treated with first‐line R‐EPOCH at our institution between 1 January 2006 and 31 May 2014. The median progression‐free survival (PFS) was 3·5 months [95% confidence interval (CI): 2·0–7·6] and median overall survival (OS) was 5·9 months (95% CI: 3·2–10·3). Toxicity was high and 30% of patients died without progression or response. Patients with a complex CLL karyotype had significantly shorter PFS and OS (P = 0·005 and P = 0·002, respectively). Multivariable analysis identified complex CLL karyotype as the most significant predictor of decreased survival [Hazard ratio (HR) 2·72, 95% CI: 1·14–6·52, P = 0·025], adjusting for number of prior CLL treatments (P = 0·036). Richter Syndrome patients with complex CLL karyotype experience poor survival with R‐EPOCH treatment and novel approaches are needed for these patients. In contrast, survival of patients without a complex CLL karyotype was similar to patients with de novo diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma.


The invention discloses a control module for a servo motor, which is developed on the basis of a single chip microcomputer. The control module is used for realizing the precise control on the rotating speed and position of the servo motor and monitoring the working current and torque of the servo motor in real time. The control module is mainly composed of a single chip microcomputer control module, a motor driver, an optical-electricity encoder, a current and torque sensor, a storage module, an input output terminal and an Ethernet interface. The single chip microcomputer control module is mainly used for outputting a motor control signal, processing a position and speed signal collected by the optical-electricity encoder, switching the signal collected by the current and torque sensor and sending the information to the input output terminal, the storage module and the Ethernet interface, so that the display, storage and remote monitoring for the data are realized. The control module for the servo motor has the advantages of high control precision, smaller volume, safety, reliability, lower cost, and the like, and can realize the storage for the data and the remote monitoring for the working state of the motor.


An experimental setup for the CO2 concentration measurement operating at 2.05 μm in pulsed mode and its characterization are presented. The system consists of a light source, which is a tunable laser diode operating in pulse mode. The initial radiation from the diode laser is divided into two parts: the first part of the beam is directed to a retro reflector, and the second part is used for diode output power monitoring. The receiving system consists of a focusing optic and a photodiode. The absorption is determined by comparing the intensities of the detected light on wavelengths absorbed and not absorbed by CO2 molecules. The prospects of the system change to a differential absorption lidar (DIAL) with a parametric generator as a light source that increases precision and range of generated wavelengths up to 10 μm are outlined.


Now some special circuits need higher precision in relatively fixed range. While the precision of a common digital-to-analog converter (DAC) is equidistant, which means the higher the precision is, the greater the number of bits. The increase of number of bits will slow down the speed of converter. This architecture we present here aims at finding a way of solving the problem. It uses M bits of the N-bit DAC to adjust precision by changing the current of the voltage division circuit, which alters the range of the DAC to a certain extent.


Article is devoted to history of research of musical heritage of the Tajik people of an era of Borbad. Is exposed to the historiographic analysis the monographic researches of scientific historians and art critics devoted to development of musical culture of the period of board of the Sasanidsky state. As a result of the analysis of works of scientists of Tajikistan on the mentioned subject the author has shown the level of research of history of musical culture of Tajiks of the domusulmansky period. The author comes to conclusion that works of prominent scientists are devoted to this subject and along with it there is a need further research ofprocess interference and a vzimoobogoshcheniye of spiritual heritage of the people of the Middle East.


Network finance is foundation and basilica consist in g part.The development of network restricts from hard ware and network system s ecurity.It needs to build perfect network finance information system and e-comm erce platform,make security and protection work,strengthen talent cultivation,p romote development of e-commerce.


Nutrient balance is a critical factor in maximizing grain yield of a single crop and in crop intensification. This paper summarizes data on rice yield and soil fertility parameters from long-term fertility trials, under a rice-rice cropping system, conducted at four sites in the Philippines: three rice experiment stations, namely, Bicol (Pili clay: Typic Pelludert), Maligaya (Maligaya silty clay: Vertic Tropaquept), and Visayas (Santa Rita clay: Typic Pelludert) from 1968 to 1986; and the IRRI farm (Maahas clay: Andaqueptic Haplaquoll) from 1964 to 1986. Large responses to complete NPK fertilizer were observed at all four sites, but response to individual nutrients (N, P, or K) differed greatly among sites. N-use efficieny did not change over time at IRRI and Bicol, but decreased substantially over time at Maligaya and Visayas. P-use efficiency, however, increased drastically over time both at Maligaya and Visayas, more so after 10 yr of cropping, but no change in P response over time was observed at Bicol. At IRRI, there were no appreciable responses to P or K throughout the 23-yr period; at the other sites where there were appreciable responses to P and K, interactions between P and K were large, i.e., response to P was larger when K was applied than when no K was applied, and response to K was larger when P was applied than when no P was applied. The difference in response between the dry and the wet seasons was more pronounced in responses to P and K than with response to N. Yields from organic + inorganic NPK fertilizer (tested only at IRRI) did not differ from those from NPK inorganic fertilizer alone at any time in the 23-yr period. Under intensive rice-rice croppings, the soil pH decreased, and the total N and organic matter content increased, with successive applications of one or more nutrients over time. Extractable P values in P-fertilized plots were higher than those in plots that did not receive P over time. The exchangeable K values decreased with successive application of P and increased with successive application of K, over time. The effects of successive application of fertilizers on CEC and exchangeable Ca in the soil were not consistent.


The article is devoted to the study of human rights guarantees in the activities of law enforcement agencies of Ukraine.
Our survey of prosecutors and investigators has shown that the most common reason for the incomplete implementation of guarantees of the rights and freedoms of suspects and accused persons is the failure of investigators and prosecutors to comply with the provisions of the CPC of Ukraine in terms of ensuring guarantees of rights and freedoms. This opinion was shared by 64.6% of prosecutors and 31.8% of investigators; 23.1% of prosecutors and 59.1% of investigators supported the reason that suspects and accused persons were not aware of their rights and freedoms; 12.3% of prosecutors and 9.1% of investigators drew attention to the conflict of provisions of the CPC of Ukraine regarding guarantees of rights and freedoms.

The authors concluded that emphasise that the main task of human rights guarantees is to ensure unimpeded realisation, protection and defence of human rights regardless of their status and position in the proceedings, protection against arbitrariness of the investigating authorities, and exclusion of the possibility of accusatory bias and, as a result, investigative and judicial errors.


To the Editor: Drs. Allard and Goulet are to be congratulated on their careful and well documented re-evaluation of serum uric acid (SUA) as a discriminator of coronary disease (Can Med Assoc J 109: 986, 1973). However, it is unfortunate that they chose to use the same terminology and cumbersome mathematics as were employed by Page et al in a similar study of serum levels of cholesterol and triglycerides.1 There is really no need to become involved in "percentage incidence based on a CHD/normal ratio of 3.4" to separate out the effects of age, SUA and the severity of coronary stenosis. All that needs to be done is to plot mean SUA level against age in the normal population and in symptomatic patients with or without severe stenotic lesions. This has been done in Fig. 1 (based on the values for men given in the article), and it is clear that there is little to suggest any association between stenosis and elevated levels of SUA, except possibly in the highest age group. Regarding terminology, the misuse of incidence (meaning prevalence) is irritating but a potentially more serious error is the use of coronary heart disease when what is meant is coronary artery disease. This objection is more than a semantic quibble, since I believe that much of what we now refer to as "coronary" heart disease is in fact a combination of poor blood supply and a primary disorder of the myocardium, with the latter being particularly important in young and middle-aged men.2,3 Thus, if a high SUA was associated with an increased vulnerability of the myocardium in young men, one might expect to see an increased frequency


In this work we present the impact of buffer layers deposited by various techniques such as plasma enhanced chemical deposition (PECVD), physical vapor deposition (PVD) and atomic layer deposition (ALD) techniques on self-aligned (SA) top gate amorphous-Indium-Gallium-Zinc-Oxide (a-IGZO) TFT characteristics. Finally an optimized layer was integrated in TFT backplane on polyimide (PI) foil and a QQVGA AMOLED display is demonstrated.


This paper discusses the experience of Zhongshan Polytechnic's library relocation and analyses the reader service during the library relocation and the remedial treatment of carry-over question after relocation.


One of the basic aspects of human welfare is living in a suitable house which is satisfying and is in harmony with the conditions of natural environment, society, culture, economy and the functional situation of the rural settlements. So, lack of attention to this condition, demand and techniques of rural residents in the policy making, planning house development in the process of rural development, will lead to challenges and formation of negative conceptions and reducing the satisfactory level of the rural residents from housing category. In order to recognize satisfaction level from housing condition, the present study intends to rank rural focuses on rural Settlements around Tehran metropolitan based on their residents' satisfaction rate of the house by using VIKOR multi-criteria decision-making model. The research methodology is descriptive-analytic on 400 families as random samples versus the size of the households in 40 random sample villages from the total desert territory villages in Tehran. The present study evaluates the components of rural residents' satisfaction from housing based on 6 indexes of hygienic, economic, installation and house internal components, physical, welfare, safety which are evaluated in the format of 23 items. Within the process of the present study after calculating the relative degree importance of each index is evaluated. The results of the study show that Talebabad Village as one of the villages of this territory owns the highest satisfaction level referred to: R = 0.822, S = 0.046, Q = 0.022 and Mahmoudabad Village owns the lowest satisfaction level in the desert territory based on the indexes referred to: R = 0.585, S = 0.045, Q = 0.476.


Optimum well construction operations require frequent and accurate measurements of drilling fluid properties. Optimized hydraulics, hole cleaning and well control requires proper management and characterization of fluid rheology and density. Currently, the methods by American Petroleum Institute (API) standards are used for drilling fluid property measurements. However, these methods are sporadic, labor-intensive and the data quality is highly dependent on the practicing engineer. These dated methods need to be replaced and improved by an automated, continuous and practical way of measuring and monitoring drilling fluid properties.
 In this paper, we introduce a helical-pipe viscometer system for automated mud measurements. An automated flow-loop was constructed to perform experiments with Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids. Flow tests were conducted in two straight- and two helical-pipe test-sections. Frictional pressure loss data was obtained from each section simultaneously. Flow rate, density and temperature data were obtained using a Coriolis flow meter.
 It was observed that the toroidal geometry results in secondary flow due to the centrifugal forces. Therefore, elevated frictional pressure losses and delayed transition to turbulent flow were observed in the experiments from the helical-pipe test-sections. A machine-learning regression model was trained using the results from the experimental data for friction factor predictions by the helical pipe pressure loss measurements. The proposed approach was compared with both the experimental data and other theoretical equations reported in the literature. It was observed that the existing correlations in the literature for non-Newtonian fluids are not accurate for the characterization of Herschel Bulkley fluids. Using the trained machine learning model, an algorithm was developed and tested to prove the applicability of the system for automated rheological property determination. Very good accuracy was observed when comparing helical pipe viscometer measurements with standard API measurements.
 Helical pipe viscometers offer distinct advantages over standard pipe viscometers, such as compact size and more versatile frictional pressure loss profiles. They are also of interest for the hydraulic design of coiled tubing and slim-hole operations, where the maximum allowable flow rate is often limited by frictional pressure loss.


Purpose

The manufacturers of construction components and materials are the suppliers in construction projects, and represent a significant portion of their value. However, their knowledge is not used sufficiently when it comes to construction innovation. This research paper focuses on the suppliers' innovation potential in construction projects. The purpose of this paper is to identify practices for enhancing the contractor–supplier relationship and using the suppliers' innovation potential in construction projects.

Design/methodology/approach

A qualitative exploratory research strategy is used in the context of construction projects. In total, 18 interviews were conducted with contractors to discover the experiences and practices related to the contractor–supplier relationship and construction innovation.

Findings

The contractors perceive that the suppliers have innovation potential, and that they are often a source of construction innovation. The findings reveal business- and project-level practices for enhancing the contractor–supplier relationship and for overcoming barriers that hinder the suppliers' innovation potential.

Research limitations/implications

The research conducted for this paper is limited to the contractors' perspectives based on construction projects in one country. Further research is encouraged to verify the success of identified practices and cover the perspectives of the suppliers, clients and designers.

Originality/value

Limited research and attention is directed toward the role of the suppliers in projects within the construction industry. This paper offers important information about the part that both the suppliers and the contractors play in construction innovation and its facilitation.


The medical intake process is usually the first clinical interaction that people have after being incarcerated. In many states, the first vital person conducting this assessment is a nurse. In this project, nursing intake forms from Massachusetts jails were analyzed for the offer of 15 different screening and preventative services (e.g., HIV testing). Then, Health Services Administrators (HSAs) at the jails were asked to review and comment on the assessment. The average agreement rate between the project team members and HSAs was 73%. Twelve of the 14 jails had questions about history of HIV or HCV on the nursing intake form. Only 5 facilities discussed PrEP. There is potential to standardize the nursing intake form and therefore medical intake process. This must be done with key stakeholder groups, in particular nurses, to best understand the logistics of the complex medical intake process.


In recent years, 3D printing is becoming a tool that will become as common as a conventional printer. The rapid expansion of these technologies both in dimensions and ease of management software and the use of different materials gives evidence of a long future, as well as its expansion, expansion that will change the concept of manufacturing, which will give more possibilities of creative freedom than traditional manufacturing technologies such as machining or injection.
Within the framework of previous observations, it is considered that 3D reproduction with flexible materials can be interesting in phases of the product design with the aim of promoting the creativity and get so products with a higher degree of innovation.
On the other hand, ergonomics is likely to be tested in a more precise way by the coefficient of friction of the product.
This article investigates the possibility of realization of a model of analysis and validation by means of flexible prototypes made in a 3D printer. With this type of prototyping design aspect that is not possible with rigid materials, PLA, or ABS, can be checked. One example is checking the coefficient of friction, their ergonomics or own flexible working. You could say that elastic realities are printed.
Several empirical studies studying the impact that has a flexible prototype in the evaluation and validation of a conceptual proposal for a design and demonstrate the reliability of the analysis model


Abstract The problem of an unsteady MHD Casson fluid flow towards a stretching surface with cross diffusion effects is considered. The governing partial differential equations are converted into a set of nonlinear coupled ordinary differential equations with the help of suitable similarity transformations. Further, these equations have been solved numerically by using Runge-Kutta fourth order method along with shooting technique. Finally, we studied the influence of various non-dimensional governing parameters on the flow field through graphs and tables. Results indicate that Dufour and Soret numbers have tendency to enhance the fluid velocity. It is also found that Soret number enhances the heat transfer rate where as an opposite result is observed with Casson parameter. A comparison of the present results with the previous literature is also tabulated to show the accuracy of the results.


European University Association is an institution which guides not only European but all universities in their efforts to improve their quality within the context of Bologna Process. In this study Institutional Evaluation Reports prepared by EUA for all higher education institutions that applied to be evaluated between 2013 and 2015 were examined. These evaluations were grouped under six categories namely administration, finance, research, education, service to society and internationalization. It is understood that administration is the most evaluated subject, while finance is the least evaluated in the reports. As regards administration, the most emphasized points are the need of a more solid strategic planning and to improve quality assurance processes. In finance the universities are primarily advised to focus on raising money from different resources. For research, the most emphasized subject is the lack of research strategies in universities. Two important suggestions in education category are to use student centered teaching and to update curricula so as to focus on application. While for service to society category, the reports mainly suggest to involve external stakeholders more systematically in the universities and for the category of internationalization, it was pointed out that most of the universities are in need of an institutional strategy.

 Key words: Quality in higher education, quality assurance, external evaluation, European University Association.


An integrated circuit leadframe device supports various chip arrangements. As consistent with various embodiments, a leadframe includes a plurality of banks of conductive integrated circuit chip connectors. Each bank has a plurality of conductive strips respectively having an end portion, the end portions of each of the strips in the bank being substantially parallel to one another and arranged at an oblique angle to end portions of strips in at least one of the other banks. Each of the end portions has a tip extending to an interior portion of the leadframe device and separated from the other tips by a gap. A fastening material is arranged on at least some of the conductive strips and configured to fasten an integrated circuit chip to the conductive strips.


A longitudinal study was carried out in 255 children from 10 centres in nine developing countries over 5 years to assess the musculoskeletal outcome of children on episodic factor replacement. Outcome was documented by assessment of the annual joint bleeding rate (AJBR), WFH clinical and Pettersson radiological joint scores as well as the FISH score for activities. Of the 203 patients for whom data was available at the end of 5 years, 164 who had received only episodic treatment are included in this report.


The article examines the relationship between national parliaments and the EU institutions from the perspective of the concept of policy networks. We verified the hypothesis that the varied and complex forms of cooperation between national parliaments and EU institutions developed through good practices and self-organisation had positive impact on the political processes of the EU. The studied policy networks were analysed for: determining the limits, the level of integration and openness, the nature of existing relationships, the causes of network creation and ultimately the impact of these networks on the political processes taking place in the EU.


The world of sensors is diverse and is advancing at a rapid pace due to the fact of its high demand and constant technological improvements. Electrochemical sensors provide a low-cost and convenient solution for the detection of variable analytes and are widely utilized in agriculture, food, and oil industries as well as in environmental and biomedical applications. The popularity of electrochemical sensing stems from two main advantages: the variability of the reporting signals, such as the voltage, current, overall power output, or electrochemical impedance, and the low theoretical detection limits that originate from the differences in the Faradaic and nonFaradaic currents. This review article attempts to cover the latest advances and applications of electrochemical sensors in different industries. The role of nanomaterials in electrochemical sensor research and advancements is also examined. We believe the information presented here will encourage further efforts on the understanding and progress of electrochemical sensors.


Abstract After 60 years of development, minority education not only has made great achievements in China, but also faces many problems. Among them is the problem of science education. The students learning in high school in the basic education in minority areas have faced particular difficulties in learning science. The teaching quality is not high, students generally fear the sciences and select the arts, and there is a structural imbalance in minority college student choices of majors. The proportion of minority college students in the arts and humanities far exceeds the proportion choosing the sciences. The minority science education problem has a great impact on both the economic and social development of minority areas and on improving the quality of minority education. In order to improve science education in minorities of China, this article proposes several suggestions: (1) Implement an open and integrated minority education system; (2) adjust the discipline structure at colleges serving ethnic minorities; and (3) improve basic science education in minority areas.


This paper presents an investigation into the integration of high current density inductors into a double side cooled sandwich power module package from the perspective of thermal management of the integrated inductors. The advantage of using this integration method with regards to using the converter thermal management system will be discussed in order to create a high speed optimised commutation circuit. The main aim is to allow the use of a high current density and hence obtain a high power density and high energy storage.


Let R(V p) be a quadratic extension of the rationals, where p is a positive square free integer. For nine values of p, namely 1, 2, 3, 7, 11, 19, 43, 67, 163, the integers of R(/ p) form a unique factorization domain. Heilbronn and Linfoot [1] have shown that there is at most one more such value of p, and Lehmer [2] has shown that p must be a prime greater than 5 * 109. In the present paper we verify and extend the lower bound of 5 * 109 for p. The result is


This study is a comparative jurisprudential thematic study of the subject of protection of Muslims life in Islamic Jurisprudence. One of the goals of this study is to present the subject under discussion in a comparative and detailed way. It highlights the subject of protection of Muslims life as one of the most important principles of Islam. It is a basic in Islamic that embarrassing Islamic gives protection life. The reasons of losing this protection are studied in detail in this work as well.


All inorganic cesium lead-based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have gained attention as alternative absorbing materials owing to their exceptional thermal stability. However, these devices are suffer from transmission and thermalization losses. Therefore, a novel grading approach is used in CsPbI3-x Brx perovskite solar cell to reduce the transmission and thermalization losses by enhancing the cell's ability to capture a broad spectrum of light wavelengths and suitably accommodate the material's energy bandgap. In this work, the performance of CsPbI3-xBrx perovskite solar cell with graded bandgap (Eg) and affinity has been explored and analyzed using the simulation SCAPS-1D tool. Different compositions (x) are varied to adjust the bandgap of CsPbI3-xBrx with different grading profiles such as linear, parabolic and beta grading. The graded structure enhances the absorption wavelength range and carrier lifetime. However, it also leads to the redistribution of the electrical field within the device, promoting more effective charge separation and collection. By utilizing this approach, the impact of absorber thickness variations from (50 nm to 700 nm) is also studied and analyzed with respect to grading profiles. Initially, 16.75% power conversion efficiency (PCE) is obtained by calibrating the experimental CsPbI3-xBrx graded solar cell. Then, performance is further improved by adjusting the bandgap with grading profiles, optimizing ETLs/HTLs and achieving optimum PV parameters: short-circuit current density (JSC) of 20.50 mA/cm2, open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 1.35 V, fill factor (FF) of 84.15 % and PCE of 23.11%. The findings of the reported study would significantly provide a path for the development of graded PSC.


Since the first report on superconductivity at 26 K in F-doped LaOFeAs at the end of February 2008, the iron pnictide superconductor family has been quickly expanded to six different structures, and the superconducting transition temperature has been rapidly raised to approximately 57 K. Meanwhile, the pairing mechanism has been clarified as nonconventional, and the antiferromagnetic (AF) spin fluctuations (SFs) seem to play important roles in making these pairs. This article covers a brief overview of the materials and novel superconductivity in this fascinating field, including issues concerning the materials and structures, phase diagram, pairing symmetry, and spin excitations. We give perspectives on these topics and raise questions instead of simply summarizing the theoretical and experimental achievements about the superconducting mechanism.


The catalog structure of Win98 FAT32 is analyses. A method for ender users is given to maintain the large size hard disk. It is possible to recover the missing files accidentally deleted by using the analysis conclusions of this article.


This paper presents the finite element analysis of eigenmodes in arbitrarily shaped anisotropic waveguides by using high-order edge elements. The method uses the variational expression of the propagation constant, which is expressed in terms of the transverse components. This variational expression is suited for analyzing dispersive waveguides, in which the medium varies with a frequency such as ferrite. The shape function uses an edge element which has the field components along the edge as unknown parameters which satisfy the tangential continuity condition of the fields across material interfaces. In addition, the use of edge elements can reduce the number of unknown parameters and the time of computation. Hence, the method can yield good accuracy compared with a method that uses a vector shape function. The result of comparison is shown in the example of a dielectric-loaded waveguide. To verify the usefulness of this method, an example of a circular waveguide partially loaded with ferrite where the applied static magnetic field in the longitudinal direction of propagation is demonstrated. The computational results show that the dispersion curves of this method satisfy those of other numerical methods in the past and have a good accuracy.


The loss of the specialized function of S production by Type II pneumococcus was accompanied by a loss of the antigenic properties involved in both active and passive protection of mice. Absorption of Type II serum with S-producing pneumococci removed all the protective antibodies, as well as the type-specific agglutinins and S precipitins. The same absorption treatment of the serum by non-S-producing pneumococci failed entirely to remove the type-specific antibodies and did not affect the protective value of the serum. Absorption with bacteria-free culture fluids containing the reactive carbohydrate removed the protective antibodies as completely as absorption with the whole bacterial cells of type-specific strains. The results taken as a whole indicate that the antibodies involved in the usual protection of mice against Type II pneumococci are closely related, if not identical, to the specific anticarbohydrate precipitin.


ABSTRACT In international comparative research on adult education, typologies such as the 'Varieties of Capitalism' approach are applied frequently to justify country-based research designs, or to frame research results. However, the advantage of typologies in reducing institutional complexity becomes a drawback when it comes to explain variations between countries. This contribution argues that the realm of such typologies is limited in its power to explain cross-country differences in participation and the institutionalisation of adult education, due to specific mechanisms that connect the macro and micro levels. We demonstrate this by analysing investment patterns of vocational adult education (V-AET) in seven selected countries (France, Germany, Lithuania, Latvia, Norway, Spain, UK). We first generate country descriptions of financial modes of V-AET from the institutional perspective using a document analysis and then analyse investment patterns in V-AET from the individual perspective by a secondary analysis with monitoring data. Referring our results back to the Varieties-of-Capitalism-Approach and extracted country-specific information, we show that in-depth analyses of country features are necessary to 'bridge' between assumptions of 'grand typologies' and monitoring results, to answer specific research questions and guide evidence-based policy decisions on the setup of V-AET in different countries.


Paul Bois, Charles Tilly, and Alfred Cobban have all pointed out the importance of the conflict between town and country in the French Revolution.l Cobban even argued that the revolt of the country against the town was a major aspect of the Revolution.2 But while much has been written about the conflicts over the abolition of seignorial dues and the sale of national lands, almost nothing has been written about conflicts over rural political participation. Most works about the French Revolution and the peasants contain little about the political conflicts between the rustics and the townsmen, almost as if to imply that the only conflicts were economic and social. Even Georges Lefebvre's classic, Les Paysans du Nord, has little to say about political conflicts between the peasants and the city-dwellers, and his Questions agraires is, of course, a study of agrarian policy.3 But Bois' Paysans de l'Ouest broke new ground by demonstrating the importance of the bitter electoral struggles between the campagnards and the citadins in the Sarthe, and Tilly has confirmed this for the Vendee.4 Cobban also argued that part of the conflict between town and country was over the granting of political rights to the peasants, but his remark was limited


This project aimed to use accelerometer data and KPIs to predict the oxygen consumption of runners' during exercises on flat terrain. Based on many studies researching the relationship between oxyg ...


Our young democracy is in a state of transition from one government administration to another. It is perhaps timely that as the country enters its mid-teens its state of health should be assessed.


[Abstract]: A method for the three dimensional representation of erythemally effective ultraviolet radiation (UVery) incident to the human body has been developed from a series of polysulphone dosimeter (PS) measurements to the face, neck, arms, legs and hands of a manikin model. The technique has been used to represent a series of human UVery exposure patterns in the solar zenith angle (SZA) range 30o-50o measured in an open environment in Toowoomba, Australia (27.5oS 151.9oE). The human body representations of exposure presented here improve upon existing techniques to represent the UVery exposure to complex body shape topography, providing for the first time, estimates of exposure that take whole body shading effects into account from high density PS dosimeter measurements.


Karyotype, meiosis of the pollen mother cells (PMCs), esterase isozyme and peroxidase isozyme of seven wild Dactylis glomerata collected from subtropical areas in China were studied by means of cytogenetic and biochethecal genetics. It is concluded from the study that: (I) There were no great difference among the diploid or the tetraploid; (II) The karyotype, numbers of pollen, seed weight per one thousand seeds, esterase isozyme and peroxidase isozyme were quite different between diploid and te-traploid; (III ) The PMCs was regular, but stainable pollen and seed set were not high.


The coherence dynamic of molecular wave packets is an important field of research. The de-phasing and re-phasing evolution of the wave packet play the main roles for extremely short pulses generation. The reoccurrence of the initial coherence can be used to avoid the competition between FWRM and the other nonlinear processes which reduce the conversion efficiency. In this paper, we present the coherence rovibrational dynamic of H2 in the gas phase. The wave packets are transiently excited by the pump and the Stokes beam centered at 800 nm and 1200 nm, respectively. Because coupling with the rotational paths, the phase evolution of the vibrational wave packet revivals depends on the rotational frequency. We the fraction revivals are observed at odd denominators of the full revival period which is experimentally found at 5.56 ps.


A constant elasticity of substitution (CES) production function is fitted to cross-sectional data from the 1972 Census of Industrial Production for the large-scale manufacturing sector in Cyprus classified into 32 sub sectors. For 31 sub-sectors the elasticity of substitu tion, σ, is calculated to be less than unity and in 27 of these significantly different from zero. These results suggest that an important factor behind the slow growth in employment and rising productivity obser ved in the manufacturing sector during 1960-1972 may be attributed to capital-labour substitution due to imbalances in the factor markets. Unrestricted forms of the CES production function fit Cyprus manufac turing data better than the restricted forms which assume constant returns to scale.


To the Editor . —The paper that appeared in the April 1991 issue of theArchivesby Silverstein et al 1 is a well researched study that sheds light on the natural behavior of intraductal carcinoma. Based on the 7% local recurrence rate, the authors cast a doubt on the effectiveness of lumpectomy and radiation therapy for ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). This is unfortunate! The risk of ipsilateral failure is much lower than the risk of a new tumor in the contralateral breast. It is heartening that none of the patients in the series had, and the authors do not recommend, bilateral mastectomy for DCIS. The 7% incidence of local recurrence in patients treated with lumpectomy and radiation therapy is significantly lower than the reported incidence of local recurrence in infiltrating ductal carcinoma treated in a similar manner. Hence, there is no basis for the authors' comment that "Intraductal carcinomas


This paper deals with the problem of stability analysis and control scheme synthesis for RLC ladder circuits modeled as two-dimensional $(2D)$ systems, to which class spatially interconnected systems can be associated. This is because in the state-space model more than one indeterminates appear (time - continuous and the coordinates of the node in the structure - discrete). Hence analysis and control synthesis of such systems require developing new results from the systems theory area. As discussed later on due to the finite number of nodes in real systems under consideration, one option (exploited in this paper) for the analysis and synthesis of such systems is embedding temporal and spatial (node to node) dynamics into one 1D, i.e. $n=1$, model. In this paper, RLC circuits, displayed as a series, i.e. along one spatial (node) indeterminate, constructed with conductances (resistors - R), inductances (L) and capacitors (C), considered are built of electronic elements with values given with some tolerance. This motivates the application of uncertain state-space model with the polytopic type of uncertainty. Then, for such a model, the Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMI) based methodology towards stability analysis and controller design methodology are developed. It actually leads to interesting results from the robust control area. The case study proves the correctness of the proposed methods.


[Objective]To observe the effect of different doses of trimethyltia chloride( TMT) on intestinal propulsive function in mice during different periods.[Methods]32 mice were randomly divided into 4 groups according to weight. Three TMT groups were respectively given TMT with dose of 1. 00 mg / kg,2. 15 mg / kg,4. 64 mg / kg by intraperitoneal injection. The control group was given normal saline. The intestinal propulsive function of animals was tested in 24 hours after exposure. 36 mice were randomly divided into 6 groups according to weight. Three TMT groups were given TMT( 3. 16 mg / kg) by intraperitoneal injection,and were tested for the intestinal propulsive function on the 1stday,3rd day and 6th day,respectively. Three control groups were given normal saline.[Results]The distance of intestinal transit and the rate of transit have not changed in 1. 00 mg / kg and 2. 15 mg / kg TMT group in 24 hours. In 4. 64 mg / kg TMT group,the distance of intestinal transit was( 26. 71 ± 10. 59) cm,and the rate of transit was( 40. 12 ± 16. 13) % in 24 hours,which were lower than those in the control group [( 36. 50 ± 668) cm and( 58. 70 ± 12. 68) %]significantly( P 0. 05 or P 0. 01). The intestinal propulsive function in 3. 16 mg / kg TMT group has not changed on the 1stday and 6th day. But the distance of intestinal transit on the 3rd day was( 31. 00 ± 2. 45) cm, and the rate of transit was( 47. 54 ±4. 14) %,which were lower than those in the control group [( 38. 33 ±6.77) cm and( 62.53 ±12. 02) %]significantly( P 0. 05).[Conclusion]Low dose of TMT can not affect the intestinal propulsive function significantly,but TMT may inhibit it in high dose. The dose of 3. 16mg / kg TMT can inhibit the intestinal propulsive function on the 3rd day,and it will relieve on the 6th day.


Perfo nee as AnalyticConstructThe concepts of performance and dramafigure prominently in anthropologicalanalyses of the social and cultural pro-cesses of lived experience, the creativedimensions of social action, and thosephases of intense and heightened activitywhen core values, presuppositions, andcontradictions are most visibly expressed(e.g., Abrahams 1983; Turner 1974; Turnerand Bruner 1986. In the study of experi-ence—as embodied in everyday behavior aswell as in aesthetic expressions and enact-ments (Turner 1982)—the interior structureof consciousness, emotions, and intuition,among other things, is explored. Thisdimension is usually absent or underanaly-zed in ethnographic accounts in whichindividual and collective persons areobjectified according to received princi-ples of scientific inquiry. However, overthe past decade, an epistemological recon-ciliation has been forged by scholarsbringing lived experience, consciousness,and feelings to bear on our understandingof the workings of, for instance, politicaleconomy and systems of regional, national,and international development (Marcus andFischer 1886; Nash 1979; Taussig 1980,1987); and also by scholars bringing analy-ses of class contradictions, power dispari-ties, and patterns of economic productionto bear on conventional interpretations ofsymbolic action (e.g., Baber 1985).Anthropologists as PerformersWhile various phenomenological, herme-neutic, and other interpretative approachescombined with a political economy perspec-tive have enhanced anthropologists' abilityto understand and explicate how individualsand groups experience—i.e., perceive,interpret, affect, and are affected by—their society and world, some of the mosteffective and compelling tools for communi-cating and teaching about the multidimens-ionality of human experience lie in suchform8 of aesthetic and expressive cultureas creative writing and the performingarts. The blurring of genres or the synthe-sis of anthropology and creative disci-plines is currently an acknowledged andaccepted trend (Di Leonardo 1989). JohnStewart (1989), who writes ethnographicallyinformed and inspired stories, and MichaelTaussig (1980, 1987), who writes a provoca-tive form of interpretive political economyand now teaches in a program of performancestudies, are two examples of this experi-mental movement within American anthropolo-gy today.Paradoxically, while those in the fore-front of this current trend are mainly men(see Turner 1982; Clifford and Marcus 1986;Clifford 1988), key pioneers in the appli-cation of anthropological knowledge tocreative genres were women, and AfricanAmerican. Zora Neale Hurston and CatherineDunham made classic yet until recentlyunder recognized contributions to anthro-pology as well as to fiction, drama, anddance (Gacs et al. 1989).The late Hurston (1903-1960), one ofFranz Boas' students at Columbia, collectedBlack folklore and folk music in the U.S.rural south and studied religion, ritual,and women in the Caribbean (Mikell 1989:16-0). While she is best known for her bril-liance as a folklorist (1935) and novelist


In this essay, I argue that Roy Bhaskar's philosophy of meta‐Reality creates the middle way to theorize emancipation in critical science education: between empiricism and idealism on the one hand, and naïve realism and relativism, on the other hand. This theorization offers possibilities to transcend the usual dichotomies and dualisms that are often perpetuated in some feminist and multiculturalist accounts of critical science education. Further, meta‐Reality suggests a radically new way to re‐visit the suspect notion of emancipation. The implications for critical science education are discussed.


Technology development, information systems and the application of intelligent transport systems, for example, will influence transport demand as well as investment and expenditure needs of the future. The role of the private sector in the future will also be subject to a range of factors and government policy. In the context of these and other expected changes, demand for road services can be expected to continue to grow causing road expenditure to face substantial upward pressure from all users for increased road investment and maintenance expenditure. Therefore, there is a need to consider a broad range of policy options for future revenue streams from road transport. To achieve this, in this study a number of scenarios have been considered and the implications for road transport related revenue and future transport demand assessed. Scenarios of road transport futures were simulated by applying the Scenario ExplorerTM software developed by ARRB Transport Research. The Scenario Explorer has been developed as an Excel/Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) tool. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E209537.


Typhoid is endemic in almost all parts of Bangladesh. Widal areas of the developing countries for the diagnosis of typhoid fever. The interpretation of Widal test depends upon the baseline titer which is prevalent amongst healthy individuals in a particular geograp area. In the endemic areas, the healthy people may contain antibodies which are capable of reacting up to a variable titer in the Widal test due to a past exposure, vaccination and cross reacting antigens. Therefore, it varies widely from place to pl study were to determine the average baseline titer of the apparently healthy students of a private medical college of Dhaka and to find out the correlation among age; sex and and vaccines against typhoid in regard to the Widal titers. The blood samples were collected from 100 apparently healthy students over the period of five months. After collecting the blood, sera were separated and analyzed for the presence of the Salmonella antibodies using the Widal tube agglutination test. Among the 100 serum specimens which were tested, 59 were positive for TO from 1:20 to 1:80 and 27 were positive for TH from 1:20 to 1:80. Based on the above re off titers of 1:80 for the TO and of 1:80 for the TH may be considered as diagnostic for typhoid fever in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Besides, the study showed that there is no correlation among the age; sex and history of typhoid fever, antibiotics and vaccines against typhoid in regard to Widal titers.


J. Graner, H. Pan, P-H. Yeh, B. Wang, T. R. Oakes, W. Liu, L. M. French, F. Munter, and G. Riedy TBI Image Analysis Lab, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences / HJF, Bethesda, MD, United States, National Capital Neuroimaging Consortium, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States, Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States, National Intrepid Center of Excellence, Bethesda, MD, United States


Abstract : The erosion of Americas industrial base since World War II has affected national security by decreasing the available production and intellectual capacity. Some factors attributing to this phenomenon are the reduction in the number of firms in the defense industry, budgetary issues brought about by todays fiscally constrained environment, the practice of outsourcing capabilities overseas, the lack of a threat to state survival, and the increased specialization of the defense industrial base. Additionally, the defense acquisition organizational structure is out of balance.


The invention provides a coin depositing and dispensing apparatus which prevents the phenomena that the switching to the coin dispensing path and the coin collecting path is realized by the switching member. The coin depositing and dispensing apparatus comprises a storing section configured to select and store a deposited coin according to a denomination, a coin conveying unit configured to convey the coin stored in the storing section, a switching member configured to switch a coin conveying route of the coin conveying unit to either a coin dispensing path for dispensing the coin from a coin dispensing port or a coin collecting path where a coin collecting bag is provided for collecting the coin and a regulating unit configured to restrict the switching to the coin collecting path by the switching member if the coin collecting bag is mounted but not located at a specified coin collecting position.


Happiness is one's final aim in life. People are all trying to improve their own sense of happiness in different societies. The youth are the main force of the society. Obviously, their experience on happiness is very important. By analysis, we find that many young people are indulged and intoxicated in the illusory happiness that is set up by themselves. While psychologically, they are rather unhappy.The trip of gap year can help the youth get experience for the sense of happiness. When enjoying marvelous nature, communicating with people in different areas, working and experiencing failures, and devoting to voluntary work and activities, the youth will get stronger through various tests for a long time. They will absorb the idea of being mature, love and confidence. In the meanwhile, they will also enjoy and get various feelings of happiness.


This study aims to: 1) design an information system related to marketing audits, especially marketing functions in the form of an E-Marketing Audit model design based on conceptual studies and empirical exploration, 2) develop a web-based information system, and 3) apply the E-Marketing Audit model for SMEs Malang City. This study uses a qualitative research methods. Qualitative research is conducted to define the need for marketing audits using depth in interviews to enrich the development of conceptual models and applicable systems.  While system development uses the waterfall SDLC model development method. This method is a sequential or sequential approach to the software life flow starting from analysis, design, coding, testing and implementation. The object of research is an SME in Malang City, observation activities are conducted on 20 SMEs in Malang City and depth interview is conducted with 3 SMEs who represent the characteristics needed in this research. This activity is aimed at elaborating on the need for the formation of a model as a basis for designing an applicable model of E-Marketing audit for SMEs in Malang. The results obtained are in the form of a web-based marketing audit system that is ready to be used by prospective users (SMEs). The resulting marketing audit system features recording product sales, recording of production costs and product price variations, recording sales channels (if an SME uses more than 1 distribution channel), auditing promotional activities by connecting the system to social media and measuring its impact. https://doi.org/10.26905/jmdk.v8i2.5097


In this paper we investigate the technical feasibility of minimizing self-heating in piezoceramic sheet actuators using carbon nanotube thin film coatings. Our hypothesis is that the enhanced active surface area provided by the carbon nanotube coating will significantly enhance heat dissipation to the atmosphere. To demonstrate this concept multiwalled carbon nanotube films were deposited on the surfaces of PZT-5H piezoceramic sheets. The multiwalled nanotube coating results in significant reduction in power consumption compared to the baseline uncoated actuator (for the same induced-strain level). By comparing the surface temperature of the baseline (or uncoated) and nanotube coated piezo sheet we confirmed that the observed reduction in current and power consumption is related to improved convection of heat energy from the piezo surface.


Using IR spectroscopy and AFM, we investigated the effect of traces of water on the adsorbed amount and the morphology of the adsorbed layer in the adsorption of PMMA on flat silica and flat glass. To obtain very anhydrous solutions, we used a technique that involves the addition of molecular sieves to the solution. We showed that this method allows direct comparison of PMMA adsorption between dispersed and flat substrates of silica; in the absence of water in the solution, as is obtained with this technique, the amount of polymer adsorbed on flat silica is similar to amounts reported in the literature for dispersed silicas. We also showed that the adsorption of PMMA occurs in a similar way, with the same adsorbed amount and same layer morphology, onto glass and silica only when the adsorption takes place in an extremely anhydrous solution. On the contrary, when water molecules are present, the adsorbed amount of polymer increases on both substrates, with a higher amplitude on the glass substrates, and th...


B y J o n a t h a n B a r r y F o r m a n By almost any measure, the current voluntary pension system should be viewed as a failure, and should be replaced with a mandatory universal pension system. This feature article explores why the system is a failure and offers a proposed solution to the problem. The United States has a " voluntary " pension system. Employers are not required to have pension plans, and many do not. The bottom line is that only about half of American workers have a pension plan, and most of those are at the upper end of the income distribution. For example, of the 157 million Americans workers in 2006, just 78.6 million (50.0 percent) worked for an employer (or union) that sponsored a retirement plan, and just 62.3 million (39.7 percent) participated in that plan. And while 64.7 percent of workers with annual earnings of $50,000 or more participated in a plan in 2006, only 16.2 percent of workers earning between $10,000 and $14,999 participated that year. The current pension system is also costly to administer. It costs the U.S. Treasury around $120 billion a year in lost revenue , [Executive Office of the President and Office of Management and Budget, Analytical Perspectives, and hoards of pension lawyers , accountants, actuaries, and investment advisors have made pension plan complexity into a cottage industry. Worst of all, the current system simply cannot be counted on to meet the retirement income needs of American workers and their families. By almost any measure, the current voluntary pension system should be viewed as a failure, and I believe that we should replace it with a mandatory universal pension system. (1981)] Basically, the proposal would have required all employers to contribute at least three percent of wages to private pensions for their workers. The proposal drew little interest at the time. Recently, however, there has been renewed interest in mandated pensions. For more information on this or any other Aspen publication, please call 800-868-8437 or visit www.aspenpublishers.com.


This invention relates to an underground positioning system, device and method based on wireless sensor networks. The system includes: mobile positioning nexuses set in cap-lamps, gateways connecting with wire and wireless networks and a system management center. The method includes: a mobile nexus related position locating method based on RF signal strength, an accurate positioning method combining mobile nexuses and gateways, a method for connecting the ground and underground wire communication system to realize accurate position of mobile persons and equipments.


Traditional cost accounting has been one main, widely-used approach to costing both internally and externally. This general ledger system acts as the company's thermometer measuring the health and wealth of the overall business. The conventional methodology though can only summarize the business expenses per the chart of accounts (i.e., labor, material and other). Any expenses and overheads are not associated to any specific activity or processes. As a result, the company lacks the ability to evaluate the internal efficiency, quality and profitability per product or service line. Activity-based costing and management (ABC/M) is the applicable total quality management solution that can supplement these shortcomings. The ABC/M approach records, summarizes and reports the spending into costs of activities or processes and eventually associated to each product, service and customers. "Unlike traditional accounting reports that make managers react to by being happy or sad, ABC/M data makes them smarter" [3].


In recent years, functional disorders of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) are quite common. The most significant functional disorders are functional dyspepsia (FD), which is widespread in the population. In addition, in the clinical practice of outpatient doctors, the proportion of combined variants or overlap of several types of functional disorders or a combination of functional disorders with organic pathology has increased. So, according to systematic reviews, the combined course of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and FD occurs in at least one third of patients. At the same time, the combined functional pathology of the gastrointestinal tract changes the clinical picture of GERD, which complicates differential diagnosis, leads to inadequate and multiple prescription of drugs and often low effectiveness of the prescribed therapy. All this negatively affects the quality of life of patients. The tactics of managing patients with the combined course of GERD and FD sometimes presents certain difficulties, since there are no available recommendations for pathogenetic therapy and preventive measures. To date, possible links in the pathogenesis of both GERD and FD have been studied and described, which predetermine certain approaches to the treatment of various variants of these two diseases. Drug therapy for GERD includes the appointment of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), antireflux drugs. In FD therapy, prokinetics and/or PPIs are effective. A rational approach in the treatment of the intersection of GERD and FD is the appointment of a drug with a dual mechanism of action, which contains both a prokinetic and a PPI. An example of this approach is the appointment of omeprazole and domperidone. The use of this drug is presented in a clinical case.


There are numerous methods for determination of metal ions and other inorganic species in API. In the last years, there have been cases of hypercalcemia as conditions from a long-term medical therapy. From here goes the interest for better controlling of their intake with API that contain the metal ions in their composition. Because of its importance and uses in all areas of a human body (nervous system, muscles, heart and bone), a complexometric potentiometric method is suggested and tested for determination of Ca ions. Calcium content in analyzed in Atorvastatin Calcium x 3H2O, an API. Atorvastatin Ca x 3H2O is the calcium salt of atorvastatin, used as a synthetic lipidlowering agent. The calcium content of the active component has limits from 3.2% to 3.8% (on anhydrous and solvent free basis). The titration proposed for this determination is performed using combined Cu ISE and reference Ag/AgCl electrode. The method is based, on a complexometric titration with 0.1M EDTA as a volumetric solution, which forms a complex with calcium ions. The purpose of this determination was implementing potentiometric method in our laboratories.


Nanopulses are ultra-wide-band (UWB) electromagnetic pulses with pulse duration of only a few nanoseconds and electric field amplitudes greater than 105 V/m. They have been widely used in the development of new technologies in the field of medicine. Therefore, the study of the nanopulse bioeffects is important to ensure the appropriate application with nanopulses in biomedical and biotechnological settings. The conventional finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method for solving Maxwell's equations has been proven to be an effective method to solve the problems related to electromagnetism. However, its application is restricted by the Courant, Friedrichs, and Lewy (CFL) stability condition that confines the time increment and mesh size in the computation in order to prevent the solution from being divergent. This dissertation develops a new finite difference scheme coupled with the ColeCole expression for dielectric coefficients of biological tissues to simulate the electromagnetic fields inside biological tissues when exposed to nanopulses. The scheme is formulated based on the Yee's cell and alternating direction implicit (ADI) technique. The basic idea behind the ADI technique is to break up every time step into two half-time steps. At the first half-step, the finite difference operator on the right-hand side of the Maxwell's equation is implicit only along one coordinate axis direction. At the second half-step, the finite difference operator on the right-hand side of the Maxwell's equation is implicit only along the other coordinate axis direction. As such, only tridiagonal linear


Consecutive roll molecular imprinted polymer(MIP) having specific recognition property was prepared by the in-situ molecular imprinting technique,using myclobutanil as a template.Using MIP as stationary phase in liquid chromatography,the content and composition of the mobile phase,and also its content of acid(e.g.HOAc) showed remarkable effect on the separation efficiency and the retention factor decreased with the increase of acid content.The recognition ability of MIP was studied by comparing the retention factors of MIP using different template(myclobutanil and its analogues) as stationary phase of chromatographic column.The results showed that higher recognition ability and better selectivity were obtained on the columns with rod MIP than on the columns with respective blank polymers.