Conscious visual motion information follows a cortical pathway from the retina to the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) and on to the primary visual cortex (V1) before arriving at the middle temporal visual area (MT/V5). Alternative subcortical pathways that bypass V1 are thought to convey unconscious visual information. One flows from the retina to the pulvinar (PUL) and on to MT; while the other directly connects the LGN to MT. Evidence for these pathways comes from non-human primates and modest-sized studies in humans with brain lesions. Thus, the aim of the current study was to reconstruct these pathways in a large sample of neurotypical individuals and to determine the degree to which these pathways are myelinated, suggesting information flow is rapid. We used the publicly available 7T (N = 98; 'discovery') and 3T (N = 381; 'validation') diffusion MRI datasets from the Human Connectome Project to reconstruct the PUL-MT and LGN-MT pathways. We found more fibre tracts with greater density in the left hemisphere. Although the left PUL-MT path was denser, the bilateral LGN-MT tracts were more heavily myelinated, suggesting faster signal transduction. We suggest that this apparent discrepancy may be due to 'adaptive myelination' caused by more frequent use of the LGN-MT pathway that leads to greater myelination and faster overall signal transmission.


Abstract An efficient method for the C-4-selective addition of quinoline derivatives to carbonyl compounds is described. The combination of 2-ethoxy-1-ethoxycarbonyl-1,2-dihydroquinolines (EEDQs) with a palladium catalyst and diethylzinc generates nucleophilic allyl species which undergo addition to various aldehydes and ketones. C-4-Substituted quinoline derivatives are obtained in high to excellent yields with moderate diastereoselectivities.


Objective According to comparing the methods of modified hot phenol with liquid nitrogen grinding,glass beads and Ultrasonication,choose an effective method of total RNA extraction from early Candida albicans biofilms.Methods According to the culture time,these samples were divided into 2 groups,including 3 h group and 6 h group。In each group,total RNA was extracted by methods of hot phenol,liquid nitrogen grinding,glass beads and Ultrasonication。The output,purity and integrity of total RNA were detected by spectrophotometer and formaldehyde gel electrophoresis。Results The output of total RNA isolated by samples No.1~8 were 9.96,12.72,2.88,4.56,2.76,4.92,7.32,10.68 μg,respectively.Conclusions Hot phenol method was an ideal way to extract total RNA from early Candida albicans biofilms.


A new series of wholly aromatic poly(ether ether ketone ketone) containing pendant sulfonic acid groups (SPAEEKK) were conveniently prepared by potassium carbonate mediated nucleophilic polycondensation reactions of inexpensive commercially available monomers 1,3-bis(4-fluorobenzoyl)benzene (BFBB), sodium 6,7-dihydroxy-2-naphthalenesulfonate (DHNS), and 4,4'-biphenol or hydroquinone in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) at 170 °C. FT-IR and NMR were used to characterize the structures and the sulfonate or sulfonic acid contents (SC) of the polymers. Flexible membrane films were obtained by casting N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) solutions of copolymers. Membrane films in acid form were then obtained by treating the sodium form membrane films in 2 N sulfuric acid at room temperature. Glass-transition temperatures (Tg's) and decomposition temperatures (Td's) of SPAEEKKs in both sodium and acid forms were determined. Water uptake and swelling ratio values increased with SCs and temperatures. The proton conductivities...


Folk custom gathers a lot of culture such as nation,region,history and mentality′s the factor is appreciation of the beauty particularity "life material" in an integral whole,have most.The contemporary writer has shown their attention to the female,ational trait and national culture in literary works to female folk custom depicting.These folk custom are a very fine specimen of reflecting the social position,survival situation and culture psychology of a femal and analyzing the citizen soul.


Using plane wave pseudo potential density functional theory, we studied the electronic properties of graphene with different C:O ratio. In this work, we discussed the changes that occur in electronic band structure of graphene functionalized with different amount of epoxy group. Electronic band gap depends on C:O ratio in graphene oxide containing epoxy group. The present work will have its implication for making devices with tunable electronic properties by oxidizing graphene.


Short Summary: The Letter to the Editors regarding our article was reviewed. The take-home message is that substantively, the authors of the letter are referencing a paper that asks a different research question in a different set of studies. When we ask different questions, we are not surprised when we reach different answers.


owever it is defined, and however 'incorrigibly plural' it is thought to be, Romanticism is customarily seen as having to do with seriousness. Whether we are thinking about the Natural Supernaturalism of M.H. Abrams; the Romantic Agony of Mario Praz; the Ecopoetics of Jonathan Bate; or any of the various accounts of Romantic Irony, Ideology or their radicalised poststructuralist counterparts—which somewhat paradoxically deem the saving grace of the movement to be those moments where Romantic writing doublecrosses itself in allegorising its own deconstruction—the story in this respect tends to remain largely the same. Even when it comes to a poem such as Don Juan, which, as we know, Byron wrote 'to giggle and make giggle,'2 its laughter is seen as a self-consciously counter voice, and thus as bound up with, because parasitically dependent upon, even as it seeks to furnish a critique of, seriousness. It's probably apparent without saying so explicitly that I've got a bone to pick with this consensus. H


Cyber attackers create domain names that are visually similar to those of legitimate/popular brands by abusing valid internationalized domain names (IDNs). In this work, we systematize such domain names, which we call deceptive IDNs, and understand the risks associated with them. In particular, we propose a new system called DomainScouter to detect various deceptive IDNs and calculate a deceptive IDN score, a new metric indicating the number of users that are likely to be misled by a deceptive IDN. We perform a comprehensive measurement study on the identified deceptive IDNs using over 4.4 million registered IDNs under 570 top level domains (TLDs). The measurement results demonstrate that there are many previously unexplored deceptive IDNs targeting nonEnglish brands or combining other domain squatting methods. Furthermore, we conduct online surveys to examine and highlight vulnerabilities in user perceptions when encountering such IDNs. Finally, we discuss the practical countermeasures that stakeholders can take against deceptive IDNs.


Objective To provide evidence for clinical trial and to evaluate the safety of total flavonoids from rhizome of drynariae. Methods The maximum tolerance of gastrogavage in mice: twenty mice were fed 30 mL·kg -1 with the total flavonoids solution (0.40 g·mL -1) by gastrogavage, the bite and sup, activity, psychosis, coat and skin, urine and faeces, and body weight were observed.The maximum tolerance of gastrogavage in rats: twenty rats were given the same dose total flavonoids solution, and the same observation were done.The acute toxicity trial in mice, LD 50 was carried out by abdominal injection with 7 dosage groups, and the mice were observed for 7 days after one injection. Results The mice and rats had no abnormal changes in bite and sup, activity, psychosis, coat and skin, urine and faeces, and body weight.There were no significant changes(P0.05).Only a little remain of the fed sample was found in the abdomen anatomizing.And there were no remarkable pathological changes in all organs.The median lethal dose of the total flavonoids was 5.99 g·kg -1. Conclusion There are no abnormal changes in the acute toxicity trial with total flavonoids from rhizome of drynariae, and the flavonoids are safe in clinical use.


Atmospheric CH 4 has increased globally since the industrial revolution. However, the Dasuopu ice core record shows that the start time of atmospheric CH 4 increase in low\|mid latitude in north\|hemisphere is 100 a latter than that in Polar Regions. Due to the impacts of anthropogenic CH 4 emission, CH 4 lifetime and CH 4 transport in atmosphere, etc., in the recent 150 a, the annual net accumulation and annual growth rate of CH 4 in atmosphere are different in low\|mid latitude and in Antarctica. The observed decrease of methane concentration during World War and World War is recorded in the Dasuopu ice core. Comparison reveals that in the middle of the last century anthropogenic CH 4 emission has reached its highest limit and then a declining atmospheric CH 4 growth rate have been documented since 1945. It is reasonable that the differences of atmospheric CH 4 between low\|mid latitude and Antarctica since industrial revolution are due to human activities, actions of CH 4 in atmosphere and local climate variations in Southeast Asia.


Using critical realism, this note summarises the shortcomings of current psychology that arose from its disciplinary break from philosophy during the early 20th century. By seeking autonomy from the older discipline and its self-confident jurisdiction over the mind it paid a serious price. Methodologism, predicated on a naïve version of realism, drove the rationale of the new discipline, leaving psychologists unfamiliar with the metaphysical justification for their own theory and practice. The combined assumptions of empiricism and positivism, and their de-philosophised expression in psychological theory and practice, were to bring the discipline to a point of crisis in the second half of the 20th century. This crisis afforded the possibility of the 'linguistic turn' and 'postmodern psychology' (the unexplored end point to this note).


Objective:To investigate CT findings of tuberculosis nodules or masses misdiagnosed as lung cancer and analyze their causes.Methods:40 patients with tuberculosis lesions≥1cm in diameter were misdiagnosed as lung cancer on CT.The shape,internal features,enhanced features,margin,adjacent lymph nodes and lung tissue changes were analyzed retrospectively.The causes of misdiagnosis were also analyzed.Results:(1)The shape and location of the lesion:oval in 22 cases,lobulated in 10 cases,irregular in 8 cases.18 cases in upper lobe,12 cases in lower lobe,10 cases in middle lobe.(2)Internal features:inhomogeneous density in 28 cases,cavitation in 3 cases,calcification in 7 cases,cavitations with calcification in 2 cases.(3)Lesion enhancement characteristics: moderate inhomogeneous enhancement in 18 cases,moderate homogeneous enhancement in 5 cases,slightly inhomogeneous enhancement in 6 cases,no enhancement in 11 cases.(4)Marginal features and adjacent tissue changes:irregular margin in 40 cases,12 cases of ill-defined margin,spicule sign in 18 cases,satellite lesions in 40 cases,pleural thickening and adhesions in 11 cases,pleural indentation in 3 cases,drainage of the bronchial wall by thickness in 5 cases.(5)Hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes:Lymph nodes enlargement in 31 cases. Lymph nodes homogeneous enhancement in 21 cases,ring enhancement in 4 cases,no enhancement in 6 cases. Conclusion:CT findings of tuberculosis nodules or masses misdiagnosed as lung cancer were not typical.Nodules or masses with satellite lesions may be suggestive of tuberculosis,but biopsy to confirm the diagnosis was necessary.


This study attempts to provide some understanding of SMEs' access to finance in Malaysia using Islamic finance and its successfulness. The innovation that taking place in the Malaysia financial landscape has benefits the SMEs in accessing financial assistance without relying on the traditional mode of financing. The role of government of Malaysia is also undisputable in supporting the progression of SMEs via various policy implementation. Apparently, in the context of Indonesia, the role SMEs is also undeniable in boosting up the growth of Indonesian economy. Statistically speaking, SMEs in Indonesia represent about 99 percent in all economic sector and involved labor participation of almost 95 percent. Although the contributions are wider, the issue of financial accessibility still becomes one of the main hurdles that block the development of SMEs in Indonesia. Therefore, the present study has used content analysis to critically look at the success of SMEs financing in Malaysia based on Islamic financing provides some recommendations based on Malaysian SMEs financing successfulness for Indonesian authority to further restructure and enhance their existing financial assistance to the SMEs based on Islamic financing.


N -Methylation of amines and imines is one of the most important reactions for C — N bond formation. It is widely utilized for both laboratary research and industrial applications. Traditional methylation reactions involve the use of flammable, explosive and toxic starting materials. In contrast, newly developed methods have overcome this point and provide a mild strategy. In this transformation, C1 carbon source for the methyl group is important which determines the type of catalyst, reaction conditions and substrate scope. Herein, the research progress for the N -methylation of amines and imines is summarized based on different C1 carbon source.


This article specifically focuses on extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU) tendon instability in athletes. ECU instability occurs when insufficiency of the fibro-osseous subsheath allows the ECU tendon to subluxate out of the distal ulnar groove, which may result in painful snapping of the tendon at the ulnar side of the wrist. Etiologies commonly include acute traumatic rupture of the subsheath or chronic degeneration of the subsheath. Injuries are often seen in stick, racquet, and club athletes (ie, hockey, baseball, golf, and tennis). A careful patient history and a physical examination are the keys to diagnosis, but advanced imaging can play a role, especially in the assessment of concomitant ulnocarpal compartment pathologies as causes of ulnar-sided wrist pain. Acute and chronic subsheath injuries comprise a spectrum of presentations including pain and apprehension with provocation of ECU instability, frank instability and painful ECU snapping, and a chronically incompetent subsheath with ECU tendinopathic changes and extensor tenosynovitis. Initial conservative treatment consists of forearm immobilization in pronation with the wrist immobilized in a position of extension and radial deviation. For persistent painful snapping of the ECU, in-season management may include the use of cortisone injection to attempt to achieve painless snapping until repair or reconstruction can be performed in the off-season. Surgical treatment is indicated in refractory cases and may consist of repair of the torn edge of the ECU subsheath or more frequently reconstruction of the extensor retinaculum to create a stabilizing sling for the tendon.


Abstract The search for alternatives to understanding time as "general linear reality" in models of policy change has usually resulted in theorists championing a single alternative; narratives, path dependency, or punctuated equilibrium. Following a suggestion by Haydu, the alternative to general linear reality is conceptualized as process sequencing. Narratives, path dependency and punctuated equilibrium are identified as different process sequencing methods for understanding change in particular contexts. Periodization, in the sense of identifying discrete sequences, is proposed as the special problem of process sequencing models and the de Vries model of "policy generation" is used to establish the importance of methodological pluralism and local explanation in explaining policy change. A preliminary classification of policy contexts is proposed as a means for determining the appropriateness of the different process sequencing methods.


www.attivonetworks.com Joint Solution Brief Attivo Networks has partnered with ForeScout Technologies, Inc. to provide real-time attack detection and to improve incident response and remediation through automation to block and quarantine infected endpoints. With this joint solution, customers are provided the choice to review alerts and make manual updates or alternatively to create policies to automatically block endpoints based on suspicious activity. Customers will benefit from the reduction of time and resources required to detect threats, analyze attacks, and to remediate infected endpoints, ultimately reducing the organization's risk of breaches and data loss.


LetZbe the set of the integers andR(x)={0,1,...,x-1},x@?N=Z^+. In this paper the sequences {m"n}"n">="0defined by the iterative formulam"0=m@?Z,m"n"+"1=a"rm"n+b"r@?Z,ifm"n=r(modp),r@?R(p), (S)wherep>1,a"r=t"r/p,t"r@?N, andb"ris such thatm"n@?Zfor everyn, are investigated. It is shown that if(t"r,p)=gcd(t"r,p)=1,r@?R(p), ((S1))anda=(a"0...a"p"-"1)^1^/^p 1 for somer@?R(p), there existsc@?Nsuch that, for every @r@?R^+=(0,+~), almost everym@?Zhas some iterate |m"n| =s"0and |m|@?p^s, then |m"n|@?Cfor everyn>=s(s+@s), where @s=1+[lnp]. At the end, considering the case where instead of (S2) one hasa=(a"0...a"p"-"1)^1^/^p>1 anda"r<1 for somer@?R(p), ((S2)')it is shown when the sequence (S) belongs to an orbit of a permutation ofZfor everym@?Z.


To get a high-sensitivity method for detection of ractopamine in urine samples of pigs,SPE and derivatiztion conditions were optimized.Among the examined factors including SPE,heating time,temperature,solution and neutralization,neutralization was found as the most important to GC/MS sensitivity,which affected the derivatization conditions and improved the sensitivity.The sensitivities of GC/MS and LC/MC/MC were 0.5 ng/mL and 0.25 ng/mL,respectively.By this higher sensitivity method,the detection window of ractopamine in urine can be improved from 2 days up to 6 days.


The requirements for the construction of the vacuum chamber of an accelerator are described. The problems which must be solved include air tightness, behavior of materials under irradiation, valves, packing materials, vacuum production. vacuum pumps, return of pumped media into the receiver, and control and safety of the vacuum installation. (J.S.R.)


Hypoxia, a common phenomenon in human solid tumors, is associated with invasion and metastasis in various tumors. Hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs) are key molecules in the hypoxic response, and regulate the activation of specific genes, which mediate many of the adaptations to hypoxia. CC chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7) has been shown to play a critical role in cell chemotaxis and homing, which are key steps in cancer metastasis. A study has demonstrated that hypoxia could up-regulate CCR7 in breast cancer cells. The CCR7 gene presents hypoxia response element (HRE; A/GCGTG). We presumed that hypoxia induced up-regulation of HIFs promoted the expression of CCR7 facilitating tumor cells invasion and metastasis. In this study, we firstly examined the relationship of CCR7 and HIF-1α, HIF-2α in 94 cases non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissues by Immunohistochemistry. The results showed that CCR7 expression correlated positively with HIF-1α and HIF-2α, all of them correlated with clinical stage and lymph node metastasis. Then, we investigated whether hypoxia induce the expression of CCR7 through HIF-1α and/or HIF-2α and observed the effects of up-regulated CCR7 on the migration and invasion of lung cancer cells. We found that hypoxia induced HIF-1α and HIF-2α expression, which up-regulated CCR7 expression; inhibiting HIF-1α or HIF-2α expression in BE1 and A549 cells by RNAi led to the decrease of CCR7 expression, inhibition of migratory and invasive abilities, and the effects of HIF-1α were more significant. Moreover, the migration and invasion of BE1 cells were increased as well as the expression of p-ERK1/2 after CCR7 transfection, but the cells invasive ability was inhibited after blocking p-ERK1/2 with PD98059 and CCR7 with specific antibody. In summary, our study demonstrated that hypoxia-HIF-1α, 2α-CCR7-ERK1/2 pathway could regulate the migration and invasion of lung cancer cells under hypoxic conditions, and promote metastasis of lung cancer.


Mg2Si thin film on Si(100) substrate was obtained by pulsed laser deposition. Effects of the annealing procedure on the growth of Mg2Si film were discussed. X-ray, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) were applied for the phase and microstructure of the obtained Mg2Si film. The results revealed that the annealing procedure was very important for the crystallization of Mg2Si thin film. The Ar partial pressure of 10Pa, temperature of 500°C and time of 30min for annealing were the optimal annealing parameters for Mg2Si thin film formation. Furthermore, electrical properties of the obtained Mg2Si thin film were detected. The results showed that the maximal resistivity of Mg2Si thin film was 7Ω·cm within the temperature range of 110~230°C. And the resistivity gradually decreased with the increase of temperature, which was the characteristic behaviour of a semiconductor. Carrier concentration of the film was negative in the temperature range of testing, showing Mg2Si thin film as n-type semiconductor.


Carthamus tinctorius L. is a plant, that is used for oil production and dyeing, and also used for medical purposes and cosmetology. A distinctive biological feature of this plant is its high drought resistance. In the process of global warming the increase in air temperature in Transnistria over the past 70 years amounted to 1,2…1,3 °C, the increase in soil temperature over the past 20 years in the observed soil layer 0,2…3,2 m amounted 0,8…1,2 °C. In this regard the intercalation of drought resistant crops, such as Carthamus tinctorius L., into agricultural production is relevant. The dura- tion of the growing season of a Carthamus tinctorius L. collection specimen of unknown origin in the Republican Botanical Garden (in the town of Tiraspol) when sown in middle of April for the period from the year of 2008 to the year of 2017 ranged from 103 to 113 days. In the conditions of Transnistria in the year of 2020 for the first time the influence of sowing time of Carthamus tinctorius L. on the development of a complex of features was studied. Sowing of Carthamus tinctorius was carried out five times: the 20th and the 27th of March, the 3rd and the 14th of April, the 2nd of May. The study of the influence of the sowing time showed decreasing values of the complex of features with later sowing time of Carthamus tinctorius L. The mostly significant decreased with a later sowing time were such features as the number of branches of the first and the second level, the number of seeds in the inflorescence, the number of seeds per plant. The best sowing date in the conditions of an acute drought in the year of 2020 was the first sowing time on the 20th of March. The value of the features in this sowing period was: plants' height — 55 cm, the number of branches of the first level — 8,7 pieces, the number of branches of the second level — 4,6 pieces, the number of inflorescences per plant — 14,1 pieces, the number of seeds in the inflorescence — 7,0 pieces, the number of seeds per plant — 64,8 pieces.


For the problem of one-dimensional chaotic system to produce periodic degradation in finite precision, An improved image encryption algorithm of Logistic-chaotic proposed. In image encryption several rounds auxiliary key used to transform encryption the chaotic sequences. The experimental results show that the algorithm has good efficiency and security in image encryption.


This paper shows the evaluation performed in the Gramame river basin, in the South coastal region of Paraiba State, Brazil, referring to the application of the Thomson e Pepperdine (2003) methodology for analysis of the social capacity dimensions. The aim is to aid in the elaboration and evaluation of river restoration projects. Theme 4, concerning the design of the restoration program and its seven dimensions, is highlighted among the five themes that help understand the actors' interaction in the basin. The results indicate paths of institutional macrochange which help consider ways of achieving shared objectives through sustainable adaptive management, among other major


${\mathrm{Cs}}_{2}{\mathrm{FeCl}}_{5}\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}{\mathrm{D}}_{2}\mathrm{O}$ has been identified as a linear magnetoelectric material, although the correlation of this property with the magnetic structures of this compound has not been adequately studied. We have used single-crystal and powder neutron diffraction to obtain detailed information about its nuclear and magnetic structures. From the nuclear structure analysis, we describe the occurrence of a phase transition related to the reorganization of the ${[\mathrm{FeCl}}_{5}\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}{\mathrm{D}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}]}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$ ions and the ${\mathrm{Cs}}^{+}$ counterion. The magnetic structure was determined at zero magnetic field at 1.8 K using single-crystal diffraction and its temperature evolution was recorded using powder diffraction. The symmetry analysis of the magnetic structure is compatible with the occurrence of the magnetoelectric effect. Moreover, the evolution of the magnetic structure as a function of the external magnetic field has also been studied. The reorientation of the magnetic moments under applied external field along the easy axis ($b$ axis at low temperature) is compatible with the occurrence of a spin-flop transition. The application of a magnetic field below ${T}_{N}$ compels the magnetic moments to flip from the $b$ axis to the $ac$ plane (with a small induced component along the $b$ axis), for a critical magnetic field of ca. 1.2 T.


Author(s): Corbett, John | Editor(s): Janelle, Donald | Abstract: Wright was an early advocate of the adoption of quantitative statistical techniques in geographic study. In 1937 he published an article demonstrating how the Lorenz Curve could be applied to geographic areas in the investigation of inequality and for regional comparisons.


The civet cat has the large body and meat more, tender meat, rich nutrition, thick fur and soft plush.It also can be made of high-grade fur, with high economic value. Based on biological characteristics, breeding management, disease control and prevention, and the domestic market value, the economic benefits of civet cat were analyzed in this paper.


The main aim of this paper is to review the importance of image retrieval as per the different form of requirements from the user depends on the given content. The requirement varies from one to other in terms of content. The content in an image could have many interpretations from the different ends. The interpretation used to give priority to retrieve images based on color or to retrieve images based on shape or to retrieve images based on size too. All such possible interpretations are reviewed in this paper which would result to have a proper choice in choosing the concern method among the varieties towards our interest in fetching the analysis as per our necessity. Also this survey focused on the following agendas in the form of minimizing or throw away the irrelevant form of images, using parallel retrieval system to handle images of high dimensional cum complex features, and also to perform the image retrieval in an unsupervised fashion.


Teaching norms are taught through the way of large class teaching. Nowadays, most of the teaching method is still dependent on physical classes. Therefore, it's hard to design individual lesson based on different students' ability to achieve fundamental education. Good teaching is" According to the ability, ambition and interest of different learners, give appropriate teaching methods". Therefore, this paper is analysis students learning effectiveness through artificial intelligence adjusting the learning content and curriculum according to different learners to give learners the most appropriate learning style. The design can achieve personalized learning and auto-didacticism and instant feedback to meet the learners' different learning styles and thus improve the overall learning benefits.


The objectives of this study to evaluate the effect of b-mercaptoethanol addition in maturation mediumon maturation and fertilization rate of sheep oocytes in vitro. Collected oocytes were then matured inmaturation medium without (control group) or with b-mercaptoethanol in concentration of 50 ?M or 100?M. There was a significant increase in the percentage of oocytes that reached the metaphase II (MII) stageafter cultured in maturation medium with b-mercaptoethanol either in concentration of 50 ?M or 100 ?M(p 0.05). When maturedoocytes were fertilized, no difference was found on fertilization rate among the groups (P>0.05) (70.93%;77.50%; 69.14% for control, 50 ?M and 100 ?M group respectively). These data indicated that the additionof b-mercaptoethanol increased the percentage of sheep oocytes that reached the MII stage in vitro, but hadno effect on the fertilization rate.


The objective of the study was to evaluate the inclusion of skim powdered milk, inclusion of increasing levels of swine plasma and whole egg, as well as soybean meal in diets of piglets that were weaned at 21 days old influence the development of the structure and ultra-structure of intestinal mucous. Plasma and whole egg replaced , respectively, 25, 50 and 75 and 15, 30 and 45% crude protein of skim milk. At 27 and 35 days old, the animals were slaughtered and intestine samples were collected for further measurements of villus height, crypt depth, villus:crypt ratio and villus density. The whole egg added to the ration to replace up to 45% the crude protein of skim milk, maintained the intestinal mucous of the piglets. The use of ration with high level of soybean meal damaged the structure and ultrastructure of the intestinal mucous, thus showing the necessity of limiting the inclusion of soybean meal into the weaning ration. The use of plasma stimulates the development of the intestinal mucous, independently of feed intake, showing the potential of this ingredient to promote an increase of the intestinal epithelium and the nutrient digestion and absorption areas as well.


48 cases were reported ?he sex ratio G / F: 2 . The mean age was 10 ± 5.8 years for males and 12 ± 1.04 inObeObesity is more common among girls whose age is between 12 and 18 years (58.3%) and between 6 and 12 years (25%) sity is more common among boys age <6 years (50%) and at age between 12 and 18 years (37.5%). girls.. In adolescence, obesity is greater among girls than boys (58.3% vs. 37.5%) whereas before the age of rebound weight, it is more important for boys 50% vs. 16.66% 50% of boys and girls have moderate obesity. Severe and morbid obesity are in proportion equal to 25% ; The causes are common 60.71% , syndromic obesity 21.43% , endocrine obesity 10.72% and iatrogenic7.14% Complications are more common in boys 35.71% vs. 32.14% (p0,01). Visceral and neuropsychiatric complications are predominan;t. Complications are more common in boys 35.71% vs. 32.14% (p0,01). Visceral and neuropsychiatric complications are predominant Frequency of obesity in boys


In this paper, we analyze two proxy signatures scheme [1], [2] proposed by Lal and Awasthi and found that both the schemes suffer with the security flaws. The scheme [1] suffers with proxy signer's forgery attacks and misuse of original signer's delegated information. The other scheme [2] suffers with original signer's forgery attack, proxy signer's undeniability and misuse of delegated information.


Population of pale sea urchin Strongylocentrotus pallidus in Peter the Great Bay is investigated. The samples for its size structure and distribution were collected at the depth from 5 to 700 m in July 2013, 2014 and in April 2015 and the samples for the state of gonads, intestines and age structure - at the depths of 41, 69, 280, 346, and 670 m in early April 2015. The size structure at different depths is significantly different: the large individuals with average size of 70.0 mm (portion of commercial ones 98 %) occupy mainly the middle shelf area with the depths of 55-100 m, deeper at the depths of 100-200 m the portion of commercial urchins is lower (67 % in 2014 and 92 % in 2015), and the continental slope (depth > 200 m) is occupied by mainly (77-96 %) non-commercial individuals with average size of 35.5 mm. Age of sea urchins was determined by the growth zones on plates of their shells processed by Jensen method and varied from 3 to 12 years. The growth rate of sea urchins from the shelf areas was approximately in 1.5 times higher as compared with those from the continental slope, primarily due to different conditions of feeding. The gonads cellular composition was defined for the samples of 50 cells per female. The cells were differentiated in the categories of oocytes proliferation, oocytes differentiation, and mature eggs, and the gonad maturity stage was determined by domination of these categories, taking into accounts the S. pallidus reproductive cycle. In spring, the sea urchins from the shelf areas (depths of 41 and 69 m) were generally more mature as compared with those from the continental slope (depths of 280 and 346 m). However, correlation between the gonadal index and depth of habitat was not significant because the mature females were sampled in any depth. Composition of intestinal content and food components were determined visually, looking the bolus under binocular microscope. The sea urchins intestines were mostly filled with detritus at the depth of 41 m, sponges (Suberites sp.) at the depth of 69 m (70 % of cases), and unedible substances as silt and sand at the depth of 280, 346 and 670 m, minor fractions were the algal litter, remains of crustaceans, and detritus.


The intensity and latitude of the subtropical ridge over eastern Australia is strongly associated with southeast Australian rainfall, particularly during the cool months of the year. We show that the subtropical ridge also exerts a strong influence on temperatures across much of Australia, with warmer daytime temperatures and more warm extremes across southern Australia when the subtropical ridge is stronger than average, which is largely independent of the relationship between the subtropical ridge and rainfall. A strong subtropical ridge is also linked to warmer than average minimum temperatures over southern Australia throughout much of the year, except from May to August when a strong ridge is associated with cooler mean minimum temperatures and an increased frequency of cool nights. This relationship, and the observed strengthening of the subtropical ridge during autumn and winter in recent decades, can partially explain the weaker warming trends in minimum temperatures in southeast Australia compared to elsewhere in the country over the period 1960-2016.


Of the many enigmas in Mahler's First Symphony, perhaps the most perplexing is the first, almost overwhelming, appearance of a D-major chorale in what has generally been called the development of the finale (mm. 375ff.). So powerful is this moment that it has prompted many critics to find the finale imperfect because the movement does not immediately conclude with it but instead unexpectedly delves back into the world from which the chorale has sprung, only to return to the same chorale at the actual conclusion. Indeed, Henry-Louis de La Grange argues that the structural unity of the work is weakened by "the recurrence ... of the climactic D major passage." Both D-major passages, de la Grange continues, "achieve the effect of a 'final victory' and, in the first instance, the listener already feels that he is headed toward the final coda."' The first passage is thus out of place and premature, a transgression against traditional symphonic procedures that reserve such moments of manifest transcendence for


The tendency to change foreign policy tilt with every change in government has posed difficulty for Nepal to maintain internal cohesion and external adaptation. Now the nation is suffering from ceaseless spasms of political instability because many of its state-bearing institutions are broken and new are not yet invented to glue the nation's diverse society and get viable traction to balance neighborhood geopolitics and become relevant to international community. In this context, Nepal now needs a regime that fosters centripetal tendencies of domestic forces for a cohesive and coherent foreign and security policy strategy to survive and prosper in a world dominated by protagonist giants and devise material, institutional and symbolic bases of the nation to scramble safe future. DOI:  http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/dsaj.v5i0.6355 Dhaulagiri Journal of Sociology and Anthropology Vol. 5, 2011: 31-48


We present radial velocity follow-up observations of K2-19, a compact planetary system hosting three planets, of which the two larger ones, K2-19b and K2-19c, are close to the 3: 2 mean motion resonance. An analysis considering only the radial velocity measurements detects K2-19b, the larger and more massive planet in the system, with a mass of 54.8 +/- 7.5 M-circle plus and provides a marginal detection of K2-19c, with a mass of M-c = 5.9(-4.3)(+7.6) M-circle plus. We also used the TRADES code to simultaneously model both our RV measurements and the existing transit timing measurements. We derived a mass of 54.4 +/- 8.9 M-circle plus for K2-19b and of 7.5(-1.4)(+3.0) M-circle plus for K2-19c. For K2-19b, these masses are consistent with a previous determination that was principally based on a photodynamical analysis of the K2-19 light curve. Differences remain mainly in the mass determination of the more lightweight planet, driven likely by the limited precision of the RV measurements and possibly some as yet unrecognized systematics.


- In this paper we study the vague cosets and their properties.These concepts are used in the development of some important results and theorems about vague groups and vague normalgroups.Also some of their important properties have been investigated.


The purpose of this paper is to investigate the large inductive dimension of the remainder of the Smirnov compactification of the n-dimensional Euclidean space with the usual metric, and give an application of it.


Among the problems affecting the tomato crop (Solanum lycopersicum L.) are those induced by pests and diseases that have caused a reduction in the cultivated area. Since 1998, the insect Bactericera cockerelli has caused phytosanitary problems in many solanaceous crops, such as tomatillo (Physalis ixocarpa), potato (Solanum tuberosum), eggplant (S. melongena), chilli (Capsicun annum) and tomato (S. lycopersicum). The insect is present in all tomato-producing areas of Mexico. In recent years in the United States, a new disease known as "Tomato decline" has been detected in tomato; the symptoms include chlorosis of apical shoots, lanceolate leaflets with epinasty and margins with purple coloration, necrosis and abortion of flowers, mature leaves brittle and rolled up, reduced internodes and reduced growth. In Mexico, a similar disease is present in tomatoes and it has been postulated that B. cockerelli is the vector of a phytoplasma inducing such symptoms. Some evidence suggests that the decline could be induced by Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine if the bacterium is associated with the decline of tomato. The positive detection of Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum by qPCR in grafted tomato plants, or those exposed to B. cockerelli carrying the bacterium and its presence in the phloem of infected plants, confirmed that the bacterium is associated with this disease.


This study examines the effect of milling on the densification and dimensional change of a range of W-Cu alloys. Comilling of tungsten and copper powders enhance densification as compared to mixing. During heating the compacts prepared from mixed powders swelled between 450 and 600°C. Swelling is detrimental to compact shape retention and restricts densification. Most probably, swelling resulted from reduction of oxygen impurities in the copper. Calculations show that formation of reduction products within the powder generates a stress of about 98MPa. This leads to swelling of the copper particles and an overall swelling of the compacts. Compact swelling can be avoided by promoting conditions which prevent stress generation within the compacts, such as using low oxygen copper powder, pressing the compact at low compaction pressure, and using an inert sintering atmosphere. Comilling the constituents effectively avoids compact swelling. The study suggests alternative powders or processing routes to minimize swelling.


Abstract Objective Pattern analysis of adolescent diets may provide an important basis for nutritional health promotion. The aims of the present study were to examine and compare dietary patterns in adolescents using cluster analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) and to examine the impact of the format of the dietary variables on the solutions. Design Analysis was based on the Irish National Teens Food Survey, in which food intake data were collected using a semi-quantitative 7 d food diary. Thirty-two food groups were created and were expressed as either g/d or percentage contribution to total energy. Dietary patterns were identified using cluster analysis (k-means) and PCA. Setting Republic of Ireland, 2005–2006. Subjects A representative sample of 441 adolescents aged 13–17 years. Results Five clusters based on percentage contribution to total energy were identified, 'Healthy', 'Unhealthy', 'Rice/Pasta dishes', 'Sandwich' and 'Breakfast cereal & Main meal-type foods'. Four principal components based on g/d were identified which explained 28 % of total variance: 'Healthy foods', 'Traditional foods', 'Sandwich foods' and 'Unhealthy foods'. Conclusions A 'Sandwich' and an 'Unhealthy' pattern are the main dietary patterns in this sample. Patterns derived from either cluster analysis or PCA were comparable, although it appears that cluster analysis also identifies dietary patterns not identified through PCA, such as a 'Breakfast cereal & Main meal-type foods' pattern. Consideration of the format of the dietary variable is important as it can directly impact on the patterns obtained for both cluster analysis and PCA.


. The Government of Indonesia, through the Ministry of Transportation, has established a sea highway program as one of the main programs in the national midterm development plan for 2015 to 2019 [1]. Based on the literature we collected from the Ministry of Transportation of the Republic of Indonesia, the sea toll program in its implementation has a paradigm shift from the national logistics system so far. The Indonesian government carried out this sea highway program with the main objective of implementing a more effective and efficient delivery function from western Indonesia to the east to reduce economic inequalities and prices. The role of the government as a policymaker is very important in managing sea transportation and logistics systems. Based ago Highway However,


Combined with practical work the construction technology and key points for construction control of SMW process pile are introduced. According to questions encountered in construction such as jamming event, grout emitting and so on corresponding treatment measures is introduced in order to provide references for similar works.


The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of liquidity, leverage, capital intensity, and profitability on tax agressiveness to mining sector companies. This type of research is quantitative research. The method of taking sample research using purposive sampling method. The writer analyze the data used classic assumption test and multiple linear regression analysis as a method on SPSS 21 program. The sample used in this study is 14 mining companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2015-2019, so that the overall sample is 68  which is ready to be processed. The result of the study show that liquidty variable and leverage is not affected on tax agressiveness, while the the capital intensity has a positive effect on tax agressiveness, and  profitability has a negative effect on tax aggressiveness.


Considering the radiological consequences of a nuclear accident, this paper investigates the dose relevance of the exposure pathways, ingested radionuclides and foodstuff as relate to the season during which the accident occurs. Assumed is an atmospheric release according to release category no 2 of the 'Deutsche Risikostudie Kernkraftwerke (DRS)'. The calculations include the dry deposition (fallout) of radionuclides as well as wet deposition (washout). Contaminations and doses to be expected in a distance of 200 km are calculated using the radioecological computer model PARK (Program System for the Assessment and Mitigation of Radiological Consequences). In the case of a nuclear accident occurring in summer, ingestion is identified as the most relevant pathway. Essentially, only a few radionuclides contribute to the ingestion dose. Results show that it is not recommendable to rely solely on experience gained from the Chernobyl event when assessing consequences of radiological accidents.


SCOPE
Ageing has become one of major concern worldwide. It is therefore of great significance in finding food resources as therapeutic candidates for ageing-related functional decline improvement and prevention. This study aimed to define the potency of Haematococcus pluvialis (H. pluvialis) as an anti-ageing food resource.

METHODS AND RESULTS
Yeast was used to explore the anti-aging effects of H. pluvialis. The result showed that H. pluvialis extract could effectively extend yeast chronological lifespan (CLS) by reducing intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, promoting mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) levels and accumulating storage carbohydrate (glycogen). Subsequently, Slc25a46 knockout (Slc25a46-/-) mice with mitochondrial dysfunction were fed with 100 mg kg-1 H. pluvialis extracts for 10 days. The in vivo data demonstrated that H. pluvialis extract could effectively improve the phenotypic deficits, including underweight, muscle weakness, redox imbalance, and mitochondrial respiratory chain dysfunction, etc., in Slc25a46-/- mice.

CONCLUSIONS
This work highlights that the mitochondria may be a potential therapeutic target for combating aging, and demonstrated that H. pluvialis, as a dietary supplement, may potentially be an effective preventive substance that may contribute to the promotion of healthy aging. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


A study was conducted to analyze adaptation strategies employed by farmers in meeting the adverse effect of climate change on rice production. Primary data were collected from 135 respondents selected from 7 villages with the aid of questionnaire and data were analyzed using the descriptive statistics and tobit regression model. The result revealed that majority of the respondents (98.9%) believed that climate change is experienced as a result of God's punishment because of evil act. The coping strategies, included, changing of cultivation area (85.6%), systemize irrigation (68.8%) and the use of chemicals (64.4%). While preventive strategies employed includes early sowing (72.2%), the provision of weather and climate information to farmers (72.2%) and early harvesting (65.5%). However, the farmers also mitigate the adverse effect of climate change by selecting the cultivars that are resistance to climate change (27.8%) and crop diversification for farmers at greater risk. Adaptation strategies employed by the rice farmers are determined by household and farm size (1% level of significant), age and farming experience (5% level of significant), and extension services (10% level of significant). The most critical constraints for rice farmers are lack of access to credit facilities and inadequate extension services. It was recommended that the rice farmers in the study area should increase the area of farmland cultivated for rice production to mitigate against the consequences of climate change effect in the area.


Objective. To analyse patients' self-reported reasons for not adhering to physical activity referrals (PARs). Design and setting. Data on 1358 patients who did not adhere to PARs were collected at 38 primary health care (PHC) centres in Sweden. Intervention. PHC providers issued formal physical activity prescriptions for home-based activities or referrals for facility-based activities. Subjects. Ordinary PHC patients whom regular staff believed would benefit from increased physical activity. Main outcome measure: Reasons for non-adherence to PARs: "sickness", "pain", "low motivation", "no time", "economic factors", and "other". Results. Sickness and pain were the most common motives for non-adherence among older patients. The youngest patients blamed economic factors and lack of time more frequently than those in the oldest age group. Economic factors was a more common reason for non-adherence among those referred for facility-based activities compared with those prescribed home-based activities. Low motivation was a more frequent cause of non-adherence among those prescribed home-based activities compared with those referred for facility-based activities. Furthermore, lack of time was a more common reason for non-adherence among patients issued with PARs due to high blood pressure than other patients, while low motivation was a more common reason among patients issued with PARs because of a BMI of > 25. Conclusion. The reasons for non-adherence differ between patients prescribed home-based activities and referred for facility-based activities, as well as between patients with different specific characteristics. The information obtained may be valuable not only for the professionals working in PHC, but also for those who work to develop PARs for use in different contexts.


Antibody response in human vaccinees immunized with formalin-inactivated and purified Japanese encephalitis (JE) vaccine was examined by enzyme-linked im- munosorbent assay (ELISA). Immunoglobulin (Ig-) ELISA antibody response in primary vaccination was relatively low, compared with marked response in booster immunization. On the other hand, antibody response as measured by the IgM-ELISA was only slight and observed in small number of vaccinees with the maximum titer below 100. The results substantiate the significance of IgM-ELISA in the serodiagnosis or seroepidemio- logical studies on JE to detect natural infections by JE virus.


A rare complication of gastroscopy monifested by left paratid and bilateral submaxillary glands swellings was reported in 0 case of 45-year-old male with gastric ulcer treated at Chiang Mai University Hospital.The mechanism involved thought to be due to salivary ductal obstruction


This study serves the purpose of generating a geochemical Fe-bearing potential map. Stream sediment geochemical survey was employed by collecting 843 samples for analyzing 19 elements and oxides. Taking preprocessing of data (e.g. outlier correction and data normalization) into consideration, a Concentration–Number (C-N) fractal model was used to separate different geochemical populations of Fe2O3, TiO2, V and the main multi-element factor in close spatially association with the Fe targeting. A prediction-area (P-A) plot was drawn for each variable to determine the weight of each geochemical indicator. Results indicate that the main geochemical factor with an ore prediction rate of 73%, has occupied 27% of the Esfordi area as favorable zones for further mining propsectivity. The Esfordi as a favorable Fe-bearing zone is of special interest in the NE of the Bafq mining district that hosts important "Kiruna-type" Magnetite-Apatite deposits. In addition, a synthesized indicators map was prepared through implementing a data-driven multi-class index overlay in a similar fashion to the previous version of the method, upon which geochemical potential zones were mostly in the NE part of the Esfordi, intimately linked with intense fault density map. The significance of this study lies in localizing of the most geochemical favorable zones through simultaneous consideration of the C-N and P-A plots accompanied with the incorporation of known active mines and prospects to determine indicator weight. Of note is that the Mineral Potential Mapping (MPM) has higher efficiency over each geochemical indicator with an ore prediction rate of 78% and area occupation of 22%.


Abstract 1996 Introduction. Lenalidomide (Len) is a highly effective drug against multiple myeloma (MM). It acts through several mechanisms, such as a direct cytotoxic effect, anti-angiogenesis, microenvironment modifications, and immunomodulation. The latter property is particularly interesting in the allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (Allo-HSCT) setting, since Len may interact favourably with the graft-versus-myeloma (GVM) effect. Preliminary results from retrospective studies on heterogeneous patient populations have suggested that Len is more effective when given after Allo-HSCT. In order to verify this observation, we have conducted a case-matched analysis comparing Len after autologous stem cell transplantation (Auto-HSCT) vs. Len after Allo-HSCT. The hypothesis is that Len may be more potent when administered after Allo-HSCT. Methods and results. In this retrospective study the matching criteria was represented by the number of treatment lines received before Len. In an attempt to uniform the treatment regimens, an intra-centre matching was recommended. To April 2011 we collected data from 39 patients in each group. Baseline characteristics between Auto and Allo patients were similar, except for age at diagnosis (53 years, range 39–70, in Auto patients; 47 years, range 29 – 61, in Allo patients). The median number of previous lines of treatment was 3 (range 1–6 ) for both groups. Twenty-one out 39 (54%) Allo patients received Allo-HSCT as second or subsequent line of therapy. Thirty-two (82%) Auto and 35 (90%) Allo patients received bortezomib in previous lines. Similarly, 34 (87%) Auto and 12 (54%) Allo patients were previously treated with thalidomide. Len was always combined with dexamethasone. Median time between Auto-HSCT and Len start was 38 months (range 7–159), and for Allo-HSCT 29 months (range 4–215). Best responses were for Auto and Allo patients as follows: 5 vs. 4 CR, 6 vs. 8 VGPR, 11 vs. 12 PR, 6 vs. 8 SD, 11 vs. 7 PD. Time from Len start to the best response was 4 months for both groups. With a median follow-up of 11.5 months (range 1–39), 1 year and 2 year progression-free survival were 41% and 6% for Auto patients, and 52% and 44% for Allo patients (p=0.03), respectively. Two years overall survival was 48% for Auto and 75% for Allo patients (p=0.03). Similar results were observed regardless of previous thalidomide treatment. No unexpected toxicities were reported. Two (10%) patients had worsening of a pre-existent extensive chronic GVHD. Discussion and Conclusion. The comparison between Auto and Allo patients has shown a benefit in terms of PFS and OS in favor of Len administered after AlloHSCT. This observation supports the hypothesis that Len is synergistic with the GVM effect. Since Len has a potent immunomodulatory effect, this can raise concerns about its use after AlloHSCT. A Dutch prospective study showed that the early administration of Len 10 mg daily after non-myeloablative Allo-HSCT induces late onset acute GVHD in a substantial proportion of patients, causing the premature discontinuation of the study. On the contrary, our retrospective study has shown that a later administration is feasible and safe, without an excess of GVHD, suggesting that a more mature immune system can better tolerate Len. Moreover, since in all cases dexamethasone was given in combination with Len, its immunosuppressive effect may have harnessed the Len-induced immune activation. In conclusion our study suggests that Len is particularly active after AlloHSCT, still retaining a favorable toxicity profile. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


Preserving amplitudes in converted wave prestack migration is important for subsequent AVO processing and interpretation. However, it has not received as much attention as amplitude preservation for P wave migration. In this paper, we derive common offset true amplitude weight functions in a v(z) medium for two and one half, and three dimensional converted wave Kirchhoff migration. The weight formulas are then simplified into the terms invovling travel time, ray path and velocity functions for efficient computation. The simplified weight functions are also examined with numeric modeling data for depth migration, which demonstrated well-controlled amplitude behavior in offset and depth.


During the course of routine Type II treatment of one of the authors, it was decided to derive predictive analytical Data Models of the daily sampled vital statistics: namely weight, blood pressure, and blood sugar, to determine if the covariance among the observed variables could yield a descriptive equation based model, or better still, a predictive analytical model that could forecast the expected future trend of the variables and possibly eliminate the number of finger stickings required to montior blood sugar levels. The personal history and analysis with resulting models are presented.


The conversion of romanized texts back to the native scripts is a challenging task because of the inconsistent romanization conventions and non-standard language use. This problem is compounded by code-mixing, i.e., using words from more than one language within the same discourse. Considering these two problems together is necessary to utilize the NLP resources and tools that are developed and trained on text corpora written in the standard form of the language. In this thesis, we propose a novel approach for handling these two problems together in a single system. Due to the unavailability of suf-ficiently large annotated resources for training an end-to-end approach, the proposed approach combines several supervised models for the three components: word-level language identification, back-transliteration, and sequence prediction. The results of the experiments on Bengali and Hindi datasets show that the proposed approach is substantially more accurate than Google Translate, and establish the state of the art for the task of deromanization of code-mixed texts.


Achalasia Cardia is a rare neurodegenerative disorder of esophagus resulting in defective peristalsis and impaired relaxation of lower esophageal sphincter. The exact etiopathogenesis of achalasia is not known. Achalasia is associated with significant morbidity and impaired quality of life. The standard of care in patients with achalasia has been pneumatic balloon dilatation and laparoscopic heller's myotomy. Recent advancements in the diagnosis and endoscopic management have greatly improved the outcomes of this disorder. Subtyping of esophageal motility disorders with high resolution manometry has served to predict treatment outcomes and plan appropriate treatment. Per oral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) is an novel minimally invasive treatment option for all types of achalasia cardia. Short and mid term efficacy are excellent. Randomized trials are required to confirm its superiority over the currently established treatment modalities.


Because of insufficient rural market consumption,measures to improve the situation were proposed,such as increasing farmer's income,sound rural social insurance system,improving rural consumption environment and rural financial system and educate farmers so as to provide reference for the exploration of rural consumption market.


Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) originates in ancient China with a 5000-year history. Rooted in ancient Eastern philosophies such as Taoism, TCM focuses on a holistic view between humans and nature. Through the observations of universal principles within nature, TCM inquires from a macro level into the microcosm of human physiology and the mutual relationships between our body's internal workings and the external environment. Its highest goal is to master the fundamental principles that govern the human body in order to maintain health, and prevent and treat diseases. Under this view, TCM, as an integral part of Chinese culture, has been warmly welcomed and plays a critical role in Hong Kong's healthcare system.


We investigated up-converted photoluminescence (UPL) in long-range ordered (Al0.5Ga0.5)0.5In0.5P grown on GaAs (115) A and GaAs (001). A multidomain structure of the ordered epitaxial film, each domain having its own order parameter, causes a band gap fluctuation. This enhances a localization of excited carriers from the GaAs layer. The UPL intensity excited at 1.83 eV depends nonlinearly on the excitation-laser power. It was found that an excitation-power dependence of the normal PL intensity excited by an above-gap light (2.54 eV) agrees well with those of the UPL at 11 K. However, at elevated temperatures, the excitation-power dependence of the normal PL intensity becomes linear. These results suggest that the nonlinear dependencies of the UPL intensity at low temperature closely relate to localization properties of photoexcited carriers. Furthermore, we observed band-filling effects on UPL under an irradiation of the above-gap light.


In the first quantitative study of an endemic New Zealand aphid, the only known field populations of the rare Paradoxaphis plagianthi were monitored for two years from 1999 to 2001. The species appears to be anholocyclic, persisting viviparously throughout the year on its deciduous host tree, the lowland ribbonwood (Plagianthus regius). Local aphid abundance increased rapidly in spring as new leaves appeared, but collapsed abruptly in November, probably due to dispersal and a decline in resource quality. Numbers then remained low until leaf senescence in late autumn, when they increased again to a smaller peak. Aphids persisted on plump terminal buds for the short time in winter when host trees were completely leafless. Though several colonisation events were observed in late spring, these were generally unsuccessful in establishing new populations, and local colony extinction was common. The apparent rarity of P. plagianthi suggests it could be threatened by introduced predators and competitors, or climate change. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


Kimura disease (KD) is a rare condition with a challenging diagnosis because it may be misdiagnosed and not differentiated from other disorders. We reported a 13‐year‐old patient who presented with growing neck masses and was hospitalized due to the nephrotic syndrome relapse but was eventually diagnosed with KD.


The new Bijou Avenue Bridge is a gateway structure and the major access into downtown Colorado Springs. The bridge spans from IH25 over Monument Creek and the Union Pacific rail yard into the downtown area. The bridge has several innovative design features that were developed to facilitate a shallow structure depth over active rail lines with an accelerated construction schedule. The design utilized a spliced, post-tensioned, precast concrete superstructure with 7 girder lines in 4 continuous spans. The design used innovative prestressing layouts and variable cross sections to accommodate a unique erection methodology under an accelerated construction schedule. This paper will describe the design and construction challenges and the solutions that were successfully implemented during the construction of this signature project.


Herein is described a case of breast fibroadenomas in a 16‐year‐old girl with Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) and uniparental disomy (UPD) of chromosome 11p15.5. She was clinically diagnosed with BWS and direct closure was performed for an omphalocele at birth. Subtotal and 90% pancreatectomy were performed for nesidioblastosis at the ages 2 months and 8 years, respectively. Bilateral multiple breast fibroadenomas were noted at the age of 16 and 17 years. In this case, paternal UPD of chromosome 11p15.5 was identified on microsatellite marker analysis. The relevant imprinted chromosomal region in BWS is 11p15.5, and UPD of chromosome 11p15 is a risk factor for BWS‐associated tumorigenicity. Chromosome 11p15.5 consists of imprinting domains of IGF2, the expression of which is associated with the tumorigenesis of various breast cancers. This case suggests that fibroadenomas occurred in association with BWS.


Psychological problems have become common and popular among university students.This arti-cle starts from eight external factors to conduct analysis on the causes,probes into their inability in face of adap-tation,setback and failure causing their psychological problems and puts forth methods in maintaining their psy-chological balance and improves their psychological adaptation.


Motivated by the desire to explain how Americans per ceive and evaluate inequality and related programs and policies, the authors conducted a national survey of beliefs about social and economic inequality in America. Here they present the results of their research on the structure, determinants, and certain political and personal consequences of these beliefs. The presentations serve two major goals; to describe and explain the central features of Americans'images of inequality.


This paper introduces a new High/Low-Z trace configuration to reduce far-end crosstalk in adjacent printed circuit board (PCB) interconnects. The emphasis is made to reduce crosstalk without using additional PCB components in the design. Specifically, we employ stepped impedance elements of uniform length on the victim traces to suppress high-frequency electromagnetic interference. The overall design is much simpler than the usual low-pass filter configurations which are difficult to implement in the prototype testing. The proposed approach shows remarkably better results as compared to conventional intervening guard trace schemes. Further, the proposed configuration can be combined with the conventional schemes to achieve even higher reduction in crosstalk.


Elliptic flow results are presented for Au+Au collisions at sNN=130 GeV in RHIC. This signal is investigated as a function of transverse momentum, rapidity and centrality. Results from four-particle correlation analysis, which can filter out contributions to the flow signal from correlations unrelated to the event reaction plane ("non-flow"), are presented and compared to the conventional method, in which non-flow effects are treated as part of the systematic uncertainty.


The recent Covid-19 pandemic has forced educational institutions around the world to take measures to protect their students and teaching staff while ensuring the continuity and quality of their instructional process. Despite Japan's image of a technologically progressive country, with a generally proactive approach in the face of natural disasters, the country lacks the preparedness for addressing the complex issues of teaching remotely, especially during extraordinary circumstances. The paper draws from the author's experience teaching English for TOEIC for one semester to Japanese freshmen enrolled in a private business university using remote teaching. It discusses the concept of Emergency Remote Teaching and the different challenges it poses compared to face-to-face teaching, such as the cultural specificities of a Japanese ESL classroom. The study suggests several strategies to motivate students and maintain a high student participation rate. The conclusion it reaches is that simply transitioning classroom teaching methods to the online medium is not as facile as it is generally assumed, but implies a sustained effort, proactiveness, and careful consideration of the factors that make teaching and learning successful and fulfilling experiences for teachers and students.


The invention proceeds from a Kraftfahrzeuglade- and / or Kraftfahrzeugentladevorrichtung for an electric and / or hybrid motor vehicle, having at least a first power transmission unit (10) in a loading and / or unloading non-contact coupling with at least a second power transmission unit (11) is provided, and to avoid having at least one protection device (12) is provided for the penetration of foreign bodies into a region between the power transmission units (10, 11) during the charging and / or discharging process. It is proposed that the Kraftfahrzeuglade- and / or Kraftfahrzeugentladevorrichtung a monitoring device (13) which is intended to monitor the protection device (12) during the charging and / or discharging process.


The textualist approach differences between Masoretic Text (TM) and the LXX LXX considered as a kind of gold mine from which one could extract text nuggets of great value for reconstructing an earlier Hebrew text in TM or improve TM where there are difficulties. In fact such an approach faces two sets of difficulties. First, it runs the risk of identifying gaps where there is none. Then, it tends to put on the account of different Hebrew model TM-specific lessons from the LXX. It is not always easy to establish the oldest Greek text of the Psalms. For thirty years, the issue of dating and localization of the Greek translation of the Psalms was the subject of numerous studies. The original context of the chapter is in French. Keywords: Greek translation; Hebrew model; Masoretic Text; Psalms 6


University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH Introduction The CincyMedIR team led by Dr. Danny T.Y. Wu at the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine (UC CoM) participated in the Text Retrieval Conference 2020 Precision Medicine Track (TREC-PM). CincyMedIR only worked on the scientific abstracts this year with two main objectives: 1) to experiment learning to rank (LTR) models, a supervised machine-learning approach to adjust ranking based on the text features in the relevant documents, and 2) to develop a configurable pipeline for TREC-like tasks.


Predominantly syndiotactic poly(β-D,L-hydroxybutyric acid) was prepared by ring-opening polymerization of β-D,L-butyrolactone with SnBu(OMe) 3 , SnBu 2 (OMe) 2 , and SnBu 3 OMe as initiators. Obviously, due to steric hindrance the reactivity of the catalysts decreases in the given order, whereas the stereoselectivity of the polymerizations increases. The highest yields (up to 92%) were obtained with SnBu 2 (OMe) 2 but the molecular weights were relatively low (≤10 000 g/mol) in all cases. HO and CO 2 CH 3 end groups were identified by 1 H and 13 C NMR spectroscopy whereas CO 2 H end groups were never found


PURPOSE: A packet serving also as a dripper and a vending machine using the same are provided to reduce manufacturing costs and save maintenance trouble for the manager of a vending machine, compared to the existing pressurized extraction type coffee, by offering drip coffee. CONSTITUTION: A packet(10) serving also as a dripper is composed of a skin part(1), a discharge part(3), and a filter part. A sealable space part is formed at the inside of the skin part. The discharge part is prepared at the bottom of the skin part and is connected with the space part. The filter part is fixed to the inner surface of the skin part, and partitions the space part into a lower space connected with the discharge part and an upper space accommodating contents. The discharge part is extended to the lower space to prevent a floor part of the filter part from drooping, and supports the filter part by contacting the floor part. The discharge part contacts the bottom of the filter part, and includes a supporting tube, formed with multiple through-holes at the outer circumferential surface, a combining part, extended from the bottom of the supporting tube and connected to the skin part, and an extension tube, extended from the bottom of the combining part and connected with the supporting tube.


It is commonly observed that resolution plays a role in coherent change detection. Although this is the case, the relationship of the resolution in coherent change detection is not yet defined . In this document, we present an analytical method of evaluating this relationship using detection theory. Specifically we examine the effect of resolution on receiver operating characteristic curves for coherent change detection.


The paper attempts to examine the demographics and the characteristics of the authors who have successfully published their research in Operations Management (OM) journals. Membership in the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB), number of contributing authors, presence of OM Ph.D. programs at affiliated institutions, and academic rank are analyzed for consistency. Professional background information of the publishing authors is collected from four academic operations management journals — Management Science, IIE Transactions, European Journal of Operational Research (EJOR) and Omega — over a period of one year. Basic descriptive statistics are computed on the authors' information. Bonferroni simultaneous confidence intervals are calculated and analyzed to determine if the faculty from each academic rank is equally represented as hypothesized. This research provides a quantified statistical snapshot of the authors of articles published in OM journals. The findings indicate higher publication productivity in some academic ranks than others. Furthermore, the paper provides potential strategies to leverage the unique contributions from all academic ranks in research production.


In the article is analyzed positive and negative influence of legal limitation on satisfaction of land lease contract parties' interests. Relation between efficiency of landowner's and tenant's subjective rights and level of legal regulation is researched. Author has proposed a classification of the subjective rights of land lease contract parties on criterion interest connected with them. It is shown, that economic subjective rights of land lease contract parties are rights which are used for gratification of economic interests (incomes). These interests are essential for both parties of land lease contract in period of the contract. In the article has been demonstrated inequality of tenant's and landowner's economic subjective rightson modifying rent in case when quality of land is changed due to external factors. Organisation subjective rights of land lease contractpartiesare defined as rights included interest in sustainable and predictable economic activity. They are actual in period contract and definite time after it. Rights on using land and contract prolongation are contained to organisation subjective rights. In the article is proved role and possibility of legal regulation of organisation subjective right on land lease contract prolongation in achievement of sustainable development goals in Ukraine. Economy-organisation subjective rights of land lease contract parties take in right on improvement of land. They involve both parties' interest in reliable satisfaction economic needs in incomes and conditions for economic activity in future. They have meaning in land lease contract period and indefinite time after it. In the article is shown, that economic subjective rights of land lease contract parties can be effective as long as they are have been regulated by contract. Their organisation subjective rights are needed in combination of legal and contract regulation with prevalence of contract norm. Economy-organisation subjective rights in land lease contract must be ordered on legal level for their better protection.


This study purposed to find out local government oversight of the management of natural resources associated with illegal sand mining in Taamalatea Village. This study used descriptive qualitative with six informants. Data collection techniques were  observations and interviews with informants. The results of this study showed that the supervision was not running optimally so that it could not minimize the occurrence of miners who could not get permits. Factors affecting supervision were human resources that were still less effective because the community had low education thus they chose to be miners while community participation had cooperated according to what the government wanted to protect the environment to prevent landslides.


Fourier extension is an approximation method that alleviates the periodicity requirements of Fourier series and avoids the Gibbs phenomenon when approximating functions. We describe a similar extension approach using regular wavelet bases on a hypercube to approximate functions on subsets of that cube. These subsets may have a general shape. This construction is inherently associated with redundancy which leads to severe ill-conditioning, but recent theory shows that nevertheless high accuracy and numerical stability can be achieved using regularization and oversampling. Regularized least squares solvers, such as the truncated singular value decomposition, that are suited to solve the resulting ill-conditioned and skinny linear system generally have cubic computational cost. We compare several algorithms that improve on this complexity. The improvements benefit from the sparsity in and the structure of the discrete wavelet transform. We present a method that requires $\mathcal O(N)$ operations in 1-D and $\mathcal O(N^{3(d-1)/d})$ in $d$-D, $d>1$. We experimentally show that direct sparse QR solvers appear to be more time-efficient, but yield larger expansion coefficients.


We found that multiple shots of femtosecond laser-driven shock pulses changed coarse crystalline iron grains with a size of 140 μm into nanocrystals with a high density of dislocations, which had never been observed in conventional shock processes. We performed metallurgical microstructure observations using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and hardness measurements using nanoindentation on cross-sections of shocked iron. TEM images showed that grains with sizes from 10 nm through 1 μm exist within 2 μm of the surface, where the dislocation density reached 2 × 10{sup 15 }m{sup −2}. Results of the hardness measurements showed a significant increase in hardness in the nanocrystallized region. We suggest that the formation of a high density of dislocations, which is produced by a single shock, induces local three-dimensional pile-up by the multiple-shocks, which causes grain refinement at the nanoscale.


I will discuss the design of Ct, an API for nested data parallel programming in C++. Ct uses meta-programming and functional language ideas to essentially embed a pure functional programming language in impure and unsafe languages, like C++. I will discuss the evolution of the design into functional programming ideas, how this was received in the corporate world, and how we plan to proliferate the technology in the next year.
 Ct is a deterministic parallel programming model integrating the nested data parallelism ideas of Blelloch and bulk synchronous processing ideas of Valiant. That is, data races are not possible in Ct. Moreover, performance in Ct is relatively predictable. At its inception, Ct was conceived as a simple library implementation behind C++ template magic. However, performance issues quickly forced us to consider some form of compilation. Using template programming was highly undesirable for this purpose as it would have been difficult and overly specific to C++ idiosyncrasies. Moreover, once compilation for performance was considered, we began to consider a language semantics that would enable powerful optimizations like calculational fusion, synchronization barrier elimination, and so on. The end result of this deliberation is an API that exposes a value-oriented, purely functional vector processing language. Additional benefits of this approach are numerous, including the important ability to co-exist within legacy threading programming models (because of the data isolation inherent in the model). We will show how the model applies to a wide range of important (at least by cycle count) applications. Ct targets both shipping multi-core architectures from Intel as well as future announced architectures.
 The corporate reception to this approach has (pleasantly) surprised us. In the desktop and high-performance computing space, where C, C++, Java, and Fortran are the only programming models people talk about, we have made serious inroads into advocating advanced programming language technologies. The desperate need for productive, scalable, and safe programming languages for multi-core architectures has provided an opening for functional, type-safe languages. We will discuss the struggles of multi-core manufacturers (i.e. Intel) and their software vendors that have created this opening.
 For Intel, Ct heralds its first serious effort to champion a technology that borrows functional programming technologies from the research community. Though it is a compromise that accommodates the pure in the impure and safe in the unsafe, this is an important opportunity to demonstrate the power of functional programming to the unconverted. We plan to share the technology selectively with partners and collaborators, and will have a fully functional and parallelizing implementation by year's end. At CUFP, we will be prepared to discuss our long term plans in detail.


perial wedding festivities of 1760. In order to celebrate the nuptials of Joseph II and Isabella of Bourbon-Parma, Durazzo organized an elaborate musical festival combining French and Italian operas. The inclusion of the innovative, highly spectacular French works served to brand the new style with a stamp of official approval. The climax of Brown's fine history comes, fittingly enough, with an analysis of Gluck's revolutionary masterpiece, Orfeo ed Euridice. For Brown, Orfeo ed Euridice constituted the practical culmination of the theoretical debate between the advocates of French and Italian opera. Analyzing in great detail not only the operatic style but also all the circumstances of its performance, Brown shows that Orfeo ed Euridice was thoroughly saturated in the spirit of French opera comique. Orfeo ed Euridice is the culmination of Brown's history, but it is not the end. In his concluding chapter, Brown tells of the fall of Durazzo, his virtual exile, and the aftermath. Despite the political downfall of its greatest patron, Brown shows that Gluck's work continued to be popular after his death and profoundly influenced Mozart. Brown's book is a superbly researched, sensitive, and humane contribution to learning. One hopes that it is a harbinger of an approach to musicology that eschews arid formalism for searching, multidisciplinary analysis. Well-written and highly informative, Gluck and the French Theatre in Vienna deserves a place in the collection of every student of eighteenth-century Habsburg Austria and every student of eighteenth-century opera.


Emotions are often perceived by humans through a series of multimodal cues, such as verbal expressions, facial expressions and gestures. In order to recognise emotions automatically, reliable emotional labels are required to learn a mapping from human expressions to corresponding emotions. Dimensional emotion models have become popular and have been widely applied for annotating emotions continuously in the time domain. However, the statistical relationship between emotional dimensions is rarely studied. This paper provides a solution to automatic emotion recognition for the Audio/Visual Emotion Challenge (AVEC) 2018. The objective is to find a robust way to detect emotions using more reliable emotion annotations in the valence and arousal dimensions. The two main contributions of this paper are: 1) the proposal of a new approach capable of generating more dependable emotional ratings for both arousal and valence from multiple annotators by extracting consistent annotation features; 2) the exploration of the valence and arousal distribution using outlier detection methods, which shows a specific oblique elliptic shape. With the learned distribution, we are able to detect the prediction outliers based on their local density deviations and correct them towards the learned distribution. The proposed method performance is evaluated on the RECOLA database containing audio, video and physiological recordings. Our results show that a moving average filter is sufficient to remove the incidental errors in annotations. The unsupervised dimensionality reduction approaches could be used to determine a gold standard annotations from multiple annotations. Compared with the baseline model of AVEC 2018, our approach improved the arousal and valence prediction of concordance correlation coefficient significantly to respectively 0.821 and 0.589.


Over the past years, across the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) member states, major investments in Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in schools have been made, and a shift towards a more technology-oriented curriculum is observable. However, evidence exists that literacy levels and mathematical skills of students who have computers and other ICT equipment/devices in their classrooms dropped. This highlights a challenge that the education systems worldwide have to address today, that is, how to use ICT in a classroom in a way that boosts the skills' acquisition process rather than undermining it. The objective of this chapter is to explore this issue. The argument is structured as follows. First, existing technologies in the education system and their effects on society are addressed. Then research is presented concerning investments in technology by OECD countries and their implementations. Following the digital divide and other obstacles which surfaced due to technological advancements are discussed; lastly a pilot study of 62 students in OECD countries was conducted exploring any correlation between technology in classrooms, higher training and academic standing of students.


The time dependent Schrlidinger equation was numerically solved for the transition dynamics from the N,-metal to the N-metal to the N-metal potential energy surfaces. The resulting rapid increase of the dissociation probability (Sc) with incident kinetic energy. its saturation at high energies and vibrational enhancement are in good agreement with recent experiments. A novel explanation for the small value of S, is based on the high energy value of the crossing region between the two potentials, predicting that the dissociation occurs via a tunneling mechanism. Recombinative desorption experiments of 14Nz and "N, from Re(OOO1) are in excellent agreement with the tunneling model.


Many universities resort to online teaching due to COVID‐19 pandemic. It is a challenging endeavor, especially in Molecular Biology courses that require lab access. Mock grant application roleplay is one alternative to lab‐based activities. Students are engaged in three aspects: (i) targeted literature review, (ii) research proposal writing and (iii) 5‐min project pitching. The design of this module is flexible and, other lab‐based courses can adopt it. This module encourages undergraduate students to explore the lab techniques they learnt and concisely present their research proposal.


The complex, drawn-out and costprohibitive nature of construction disputes lends them to alternative dispute resolution processes, with litigation commonly considered by the construction industry as a final option, or one reserved for seeking urgent relief.


A field experiment was conducted at Vellanikkara, Thrissur, Kerala to assess understory productivity of four fodder grasses viz., Brachiaria ruziziensis (congo signal), Panicum maximum (guinea), hybrid napier cultivar CO-3 and CO-5 under mature coconut (Cocos nucifera) and rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) plantations, which are the two prominent land-use systems in Kerala, from May 2017 to February 2018. The selected fodder grasses were planted in beds (10 m × 1 m × 0.3 m) in the understory of mature coconut and rubber plantations. Coconut grown fodder grasses showed maximum plant height with a per cent increase of 3.73, 8.97 and 5.28%, respectively over control for first three harvests. Tiller production also varied significantly. At fourth harvest, with maximum number of tillers clump−1, the coconut grown fodder grasses exhibited only 36.35% decrease in tillers whereas it was 78.29% in rubber as compared with open. The mean number of leaves clump−1 observed in open grown fodder grasses was 127.25, whereas it was only 66.71 and 16.04 in coconut and rubber plots, respectively at the second harvest, which recorded the maximum leaf production. Understory photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) transmittance ranged from 39.84–56.08% in rubber and coconut, respectively. Coconut grown fodder grasses showed an equally good performance in growth and yield attributes with the open whereas a substantial reduction in the yield was observed in fodder grasses grown in the understory of rubber.


An 11-year-old boy admitted with a right cervical mass was found to have Hodgkin disease. On admission, he also had right Homer syndrome and severe cerebellar ataxia. Cranial MRI revealed marked cerebellar atrophy. He was treated with chemotherapy consisting of doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (ABVD), in addition to radiotherapy. Three months after initiation of therapy, he had a partial remission of tumor. Neurologic symptoms improved dramatically after chemotherapy started. Hodgkin disease should be included in the differential diagnosis of children with cerebellar findings and Horner syndrome.


Using RNAA method plus fire-assay technique, the 190Os/1840s ratio has been measured in the carbon rich (CR) residues of four stone meteorites (prepared by HF-HC1 demineralization). The residues percent weight-recovery is between 3-4 in Allende, Plainview and Rangala and 0.80 in Ambapur Nagla. After neutron activation and Hg distillation (vacuum), the aliquots of residues were fired (at temperature -1200'Q separately with the flux containing Ni powder and sulphur to incorporate osmium in Ni-NiS beads. The beads were cleaned, decomposed with H2SO4 in the presence of Cr03 and Os was distilled with conc. HNO3 as OS04 in thiourea solution (5% in 6M HCl). The CR-residues though contain isotopically anomalous Hg yet the collected Os from these show normal isotopic ratio within ±10% variations. The Os concentrations are 1 to 2 order of magnitude higher than the bulk values.


ABSTRACT This paper examines third-party trade and its implications for conflicts between hostile countries not engaging in trade. We present a conflict-theoretic model to analyze two adversaries' endogenous arming decisions when they separately establish a free trade agreement (FTA) with a neutral third-party state. We contrast this multiple FTAs regime with a single FTA regime between one adversary and the third-party state, which excludes the other adversary as a non-member. In our analysis, the benchmark case is a protectionist regime when the bilateral trade between the third-party state and each of the adversaries is a tariff war. Among the three trade regimes, we show that the two adversaries' aggregate arming is the lowest under multiple FTAs but is the highest under a single FTA. These results suggest that, despite no trade between two adversary countries, multiple FTAs through third-party trade have the pacifying or appeasing effect of lowering overall military buildups in interstate conflicts.


A theory of the type I electrojet instability is presented with consideration of the non-linear frequency shifts. It is shown that inclusion of the non-linear frequency shifts provides the theoretical framework within which radar backscatter observations of vertical echoes and of the constant ion acoustic Doppler shift can be explained. Comparisons with a laboratory experiment are discussed. (GRA)


PT Energi Agro Nusantara (Enero) produces the main product that is bioethanol and also produces by-products from the production process in the form of Stillage / Vinase from the evaporator and spent lees from so much distillation, therefore processing of these by-products must be done well. Considering that PT Energi Agro Nusantara (Enero) expects the principle of Zero Waste, namely the absence of wasted waste, there is the utilization of waste into liquid biological fertilizer, bio gas, and process water which is processed in the Fertilizer Plant and Biogas Plant divisions. The purpose of this study is to treat and analyze methane gas production with VFA / Alkalinity and pH data. The addition of 48% NaOH if the pH and alkalinity drops dramatically, the addition of urea when the methane gas produced decreases and the addition of zeolites to stabilize nitrogen levels so that after treatment at pH, VFA, and Alkalinity the biogas production results are expected, especially the expected methane gas at 60% . Obtained results of methane levels up and down because there is no treatment that has been done.


Nitrogen doped-TiO2 thin film was deposited by plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition (PECVD) process and its applicability as a drug-binding matrix was investigated in the preparation of drug eluting stents. N–TiO2 film was deposited at 5 W and uniformly covered metallic stent surfaces. Films showed excellent mechanical stability and good adhesion. Alpha lipoic acid, heparin, and abciximab could then be grafted onto the N–TiO2 film through ester bond formation after water plasma modification of the films' surfaces. Drug-grafted N–TiO2 films showed smooth surfaces and good blood compatibility in in vitro platelet adhesion tests. The films maintained uniform coverings, without peeling, even after expansion by a balloon catheter. Grafted-heparin and abciximab could be released continuously for three weeks from drug-grafted N–TiO2 stents in in vitro drug release test. Such immunosuppressive and antiproliferative drug-grafted N–TiO2 film is expected to minimize potential problems related to organic polymers and the risk of direct contact of a bare metal surface with a blood vessel. Hence, the N–TiO2 films prepared in this study are promising alternatives to organic polymers for the preparation of drug-eluting stents.


Abstruct-In this paper we propose Resultant Priojection Neural Networks, based on the idea of orthogonal projections onto convex sets for solving optimization problems under inequality constraints. The proposed network is capable alf solving optimization problems with inequality constraints wlhich cannot be solved directly using a Hopfield network. The effect of various network parameters on the optimization process are theoretically analyzed. A probabilistic analysis of the expected ]performance of the network has been carried out for the 0-1 knalpsack problem. Simulation results for the 0-1 knapsack, multidimensional 0-1 knapsack and job processing with deadlines are also shown. The average performance (mean and median) of the network compare quite well with optimal and suboptimal solutions obtained using standard techniques in conventional computers. ]However, there are some instances which do produce bad solutions. RTIFICIAL neural networks are formed by collections A of a large number of simple interconnected computing elements. The computing elements produce a nonlinear function of its weighted input as its output. Usually a sigmoid nonlinearity is employed. According to their interconnection structures such systems may be broadly classified as feedforward systems and feedback systems [19], [25]. Efforts have been made to use feedback neural networks far solving hard optimization problems. One class of feedback neural networks known as additive STM models [8] may be described by the following equations r 1


MicroRNAs are a class of small endogenous RNA molecules that is involved in the posttranscriptional inhibition of gene expression. They directly interact with target gene transcripts and influence cellular physiology. MicroRNAs have been reported to be involved in breast cancer tumorigenesis and metastasis thus playing a vital role in cancer progression. Our study aims at identification of novel miRNA-mRNA target pairs that are hypothesized to play a role in breast cancer through a miRNA- mRNA interaction map analysis of microarray data and experimental validation of selected set of mRNAs. The target interaction map analysis revealed three novel target pairs, hsa-miR-27a–MARCKS, hsa-miR-27a–SIK1 and hsa-miR-21–BTG2 which can be potential therapeutic targets in breast cancer. Therefore, with the better understanding of the regulation of miRNAs, the gene networks and cellular pathways regulated by miRNAs, it will be of immense significance to further comprehend breast cancer pathogenesis and target interaction as a therapeutic for breast cancer.


It is natural for a Mott antiferromagnetism in RVB description to become a superconductor in doped metallic regime. But the issue of superconducting transition temperature is highly nontrivial, as the AF fluctuations in the form of RVB pair-breaking are crucial in determining the phase coherence of the superconductivity. Underestimated AF fluctuations in a fermionic RVB state are the essential reason causing an overestimate of T_c in the same system. We point out that by starting with a {\it bosonic} RVB description where both the long-range and short-range AF correlations can be accurately described, the AF fluctuations can effectively reduce T_c to a reasonable value through the phase string effect, by controlling the phase coherence of the superconducting order parameter.