We present a search for CO emission in a sample of 10 type-2 quasar host galaxies with redshifts of z ≈ 0.1–0.4. We detect CO(J = 1–0) line emission with ⩾5σ in the velocity integrated intensity maps of five sources. A sixth source shows a tentative detection at the ∼4.5σ level of its CO(J = 1–0) line emission. The CO emission of all six sources is spatially coincident with the position at optical, infrared, or radio wavelengths. The spectroscopic redshifts derived from the CO(J = 1–0) line are very close to the photometric ones for all five detections except for the tentative detection for which we find a much larger discrepancy. We derive gas masses of ∼(2–16) × 109 M☉ for the CO emission in the six detected sources, while we constrain the gas masses to upper limits of Mgas ⩽ 8 × 109 M☉ for the four non-detections. These values are of the order or slightly lower than those derived for type-1 quasars. The line profiles of the CO(J = 1–0) emission are rather narrow (≲300 km s−1) and single peaked, unveiling no typical signatures for current or recent merger activity, and are comparable to that of type-1 quasars. However, at least one of the observed sources shows a tidal-tail-like emission in the optical that is indicative of an ongoing or past merging event. We also address the problem of detecting spurious ∼5σ emission peaks within the field of view.


The purpose of this study was to determine and analyze the effect of simultaneous culture of the organization, the level of education and discipline of the employee performance in the Legislative Council Secretariat Malang, to determine and analyze the partial effect of organizational culture, level of education and discipline to employee performance in Legislative Council secretariat Malang. The population in this study was an employee at the office of the Regional Representatives Council Malang, amounting to 80 people. Of these sampled in this study were 80 respondents. Sampling using census method. The analysis used multiple linear regression analysis to determine the correlation coefficient (R), the coefficient of determination (R2), simultaneous hypothesis test (F test), partial hypothesis test (t test). Based on the analysis that has been done can be explained that simultaneously variables of organizational culture, level of education and discipline affect the performance of employees in the Legislative Council Secretariat Malang with the calculated F value of 607.043 with a significance level of 0.000. Partially influence of organizational culture on employee performance in the Legislative Council Secretariat Malang with t value of 6.298 with a significance value of 0.000. Education level is partially affect the performance of this can be shown by the t value of 5.684 with a significance value of 0.000. While working discipline also partial effect on the performance of employees in the Legislative Council Secretariat Malang with t value of 5.441 with a significance level of 0.000. Keywords: Organizational Culture, Education and Work Discipline Levels and Performance


We present detailed predictions for the properties of Lyα-emitting galaxies in the framework of the Λ cold dark matter cosmology, calculated using the semi-analytical galaxy formation model galform. We explore a model that assumes a top-heavy initial mass function in starbursts and that has previously been shown to explain the sub-millimetre number counts and the luminosity function of Lyman-break galaxies at high redshift. We show that this model, with the simple assumption that a fixed fraction of Lyα photons escape from each galaxy, is remarkably successful at explaining the observed luminosity function of Lyα emitters (LAEs) over the redshift range 3 7, a redshift range that is starting to be be probed by near-infrared surveys and using new instruments such as the Dark Ages Z Lyman Explorer (DAzLE).


The invention relates to a machining tool path automatic compensation and control method in a numerical control machine tool system, and belongs to the technical field of numerical control machine tool control. The method includes loading a machining tool path source file in the system, calculating tool path proportion compensation according to machining requirements after analyzing and processing of the machining tool path source file, and then generating a novel machining tool path file according to the machining tool path source file and calculation results of the tool path proportion compensation to achieve automatic compensation of a machining tool path. Therefore, better compensation precision is effectively guaranteed, efficiency is higher, and the method is suitable for simultaneous machining of a plurality of elements and is simple in realizing method, low in cost and wide in application range.


Josef Haslinger, whose literary works have been awarded over thirteen prizes, has written a vivid account of his family's Christmas vacation in 2004 at a beach resort on Thailand's spectacular Phi Phi Island. On December 26th an earthquake off Sumatra caused the tsunami that nearly killed them all - along with over 200,000 others in the region, including half of the guests and staff at their resort. Haslinger's report bears personal witness to that horrific day and its aftermath. Gruesome details and touching acts of kindness are chronicled with meticulous care. A year after the catastrophe, the author and his wife returned to the island to check facts and compare survivors' tales. The result is a deeply moving chronicle of suffering and survival.


Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs) are designed to finance investments that promote global economic and social development. The objective of this paper is to discuss a key component in meeting the demand for investment in developing countries, namely the ability of MDBs to provide loans in local rather than foreign currency. To explain how these institutions fulfill this purpose, we distinguish "traditional" from "new" MDBs, discuss the problems generated from foreign currency indebtedness, and explore a way out, or an alternative explanation, based on New Developmentalism theory and the challenge of local currency financing.


A photo-stimulated discharge (PSD) method is more effective than thermal methods to characterize the deep space charge traps in dielectric materials. In this paper, a new PSD measuring system was first built up based on the optical parametric oscillator laser. The laser can generate continuously tunable wavelengths whose range are 210–420 nm and with average output pulse energy 2.3 mJ. The system overcomes the shortcoming of weak output energy in past experiments, especially in the range of ultraviolet band. The PSD current spectra of PET were measured by this system. The results show that the energy level of charge traps in the PET film is mainly distributed in 4.08~5.18 eV, and the trap density maximum is at 4.22 eV. These data can provide the experimental basis for further research and improvement on electrical properties of materials.


Advertising and marketing communication messages are usually targeted at a consumer with a view to generating interest in a product or service and ultimately causing action of purchase or elicit behavioral change. The process of developing advertising messages therefore involves a close understanding of different forms of linguistic typologies with a view to deploy the right language for the specified purpose. Through selected advertising messages drawn from popular brand communications messages in Nigeria, this paper posits that, the messages of advertising are exemplars of linguistic experimentation and literariness. In other words, creative advertising copy messages are products of well thought-out and orchestrated linguistic and literary processes. The data for this study was randomly selected from newspaper press adverts headlines, body copies of press adverts, and pay-off lines of outdoor billboards. The paper highlights the use of puns, condensed and allusive metaphors, rhetorical questions and metonymy in the selected samples. The paper demonstrates that, advertising copy is a poetic and creative piece and it goes a long way to show the relevance of conventional language and literary studies to the practice of advertising even in the globalized world.


Journal of Advanced Clinical & Research Insights ● Vol. 6:4 ● Jul-Aug 2019 123 Abstract Stem cell research has been gaining popularity across the globe in recent years with regenerative medicine that is involved in cloning and gene line engineering. The study of stem cell biology requires more human pluripotent and multipotent stem cells. As the stem cell biology varies in humans and mice, human stem cells are required. Citizens should participate in discussing ethical concerns and policy issues regarding stem cell research. There should be specific protocols to enhance production, survival, and integration of transplanted stem cells. This review discusses about the advantages, challenges of stem cell research with strategies to overcome the hurdles.


Metocean environmental load includes wind, wave and currents. Offshore structures are designed for two environmental load design conditions i.e. extreme and operational load conditions of environmental loads are evaluated. The ccorrelation between load variables using Joint probability distribution, Pearson correlation coefficient and Spearman's rank correlation coefficients methods in Peninsular Malaysia (PM), Sabah and Sarawak are computed. Joint probability distribution method is considered as a reliable method among three different methods to determine the relationship between load variables. The PM has good correlation between the wind-wave and wave-current; Sabah has both strong relationships of wind-wave and wind-current with 50 year return period; Sarawak has good correlation between wind and current in both 50 years and 100 years return period. Since Sabah has good correlation between the associated load variables, no matter in 50 years or 100 years of return period of load combination. Thus, method 1 of ISO 19901-1, specimen provides guideline for metocean loading conditions, can be adopted for design for offshore structure in Sabah. However, due to weak correlations in PM and Sarawak, this method cannot be applied and method 2, which is current practice in offshore industry, should continueto be used.


We examined the effectiveness of post-retrieval clustering that was based on the visual similarities among images to enhance the instance recall in the photo retrieval task of ImageCLEF 2008. The visual similarities are defined by the example visual concepts that were provided for the automatic photo indexing task. We tested two types of visual concepts and two kinds of clustering methods, hierarchical and modified k-means clustering. In all the runs, we used only the title fields in the search topics; we used either only the title fields or both the title and description fields of the annotations in English. The experimental results showed that hierarchical clustering can enhance instance recall while preserving the precision when certain parameters are appropriately set.


This paper provides a description of a text to speech (TTS) system for Croatian language based on artificial neural networks (ANN). Artificial neural networks were chosen because of their capacity to generalize, as it has been shown that ANN have the ability to solve a large class of applied pattern-matching problems. Use of soft computing techniques enables us to determine pronunciation of words that are not found in the original database. Inability to find an appropriate mapping of words to pronunciation represents the main drawback of constructed system.


Desmidiales are influenced by the physicochemical quality of the waters of the estuary mangroves which are very sensitive and increasingly threatened ecosystems. This study analyzed the waters of the mangroves of the Cameroon estuary and evaluated the influence of the abiotic factors on the diversity and dynamics of Desmidiales. Samples for physicochemical and biological analysis were collected monthly in 9 stations over a period from November 2019 to November 2020 according to standard methods. High temperature levels (28.73 ± 1.6°C), salinity varying from fresh (0.012 ‰) to salt water (14.6 ‰) and medium oxygenation indicate (66.23 ± 16.46 %) a moderately polluted environment. A total of 61 species belonging to the order of Desmidiales, families of Closteriaceae and Desmidiaceae, and belonging to 09 genera of which Staurastrum, Closterium, Cosmarium, Spondylosium, Staurodesmus, Xanthidium, Euastrum, Micrasterias and Pleurotaenium were identified for a total density of 18784 ind/L. The analysis shows that the high biological diversities (34 to 43 species) and densities (2.83 ind./L to 11835 ind./L) coincide with the stations of the fluvial estuary who were characterized by a salinity lower than 1‰. Desmidiales could be used as indicator of the ecological status of waters and to evaluate the impact of tidal movements.


Chemical-physical processes at material interfaces drive performance and degradation in various energy and environmental systems, such as high energy density batteries, fuel cells, and electrolyzers. Transport (mass, charge, heat) to and through interfaces combined with reactions on the surface dictate the performance and also the degradation of these systems. To understand the fundamental material behavior of electrochemical systems, and to improve their performance and lifetime meso-scale interfacial modeling is needed that can resolve both the surface phenomena and the transport within the interfacial region. In this talk, I will discuss our research into computational modeling of interfacial and surface phenomena that drive performance in high energy density lithium batteries. Over multiple charge/discharge cycles non-uniform lithium plating and secondary reactions at the interface drive performance degradation and pose safety risks. The interplay between local transport, surface conditions, and operating conditions dictate these interfacial changes. In our work we use multi-phase, meso-scale modeling of the interfacial region to understand the driving forces for these changes and the coupling between physical phenomena to better understand the critical physics at the interface and to design more stable, long lasting interfaces.


Theoretical investigation of the influence of magnetic and electric fields on the energy spectrum and wave functions of electron in semiconductor spherical layer has been performed. The case of co-directed electric and magnetic fields has been considered. The Schrodinger equation has been solved using the method of expansion for the wave function of electron in the spherical layer under external fields by applying the complete set of wave functions of a quasi-particle in a spherical nanostructure without the external fields. It has been shown that electric and magnetic fields take off the spectrum degeneration with respect to the magnetic quantum number. The external fields rebuild the energy spectrum and deform wave functions of electron. Moreover, their influence on the spherically symmetric state is the largest one. Increasing the magnetic field induction entails a monotonous dependence of the electron energy for the states with m  0 and non-monotonous one for the states with m < 0. The ground state of electron is successively formed by the states with m = 0, -1, -2, … with increasing the induction of magnetic field. The enhancement of the electric field mainly diminishes the electron energy. The influence of field on the energy and intensities of the 1p-1s intraband transition has been studied. It has been shown that there exists a certain value of the electric field, at which the energy of quantum transition doesn't depend on the magnetic field induction.


The article shows, basing itself on tennis, the influence of the changing social attitudes regarding the rank and development of sports disciplines. The question is examined whether tennis in the Federal Republic of Germany has changed from the sport for an élite of the past into a present sport for all. On the basis of extensive statistical data, being the result of a large-scale empirical survey of the situation in German gymnastics and sports associations an analysis is made of the present social structure of tennis associations. The results indicate that tennis, despite quite obvious structural changes, is still being practiced above all by certain strata of the population. As far as the age and sex structures are concerned it is quite clear that tennis is especially favoured by people between 21 and 45 years, who are often lost for other sports associations and in this manner continue actively to go in for sport, but above all tennis gives women access to sports activity. A further analysis of tennis practiced within associations deals with "active" and "passive" sports attitudes, interest in information and spectator sport, sociabili ty, participation in the work of the association as elements of the attitude of the members. The last part concentrates on the structural distribution of tennis associations in the Federal Republic of Germany and the developmental trends for the coming years. One can clearly notice that as far as tennis is concerned it does not follow the general trend towards very large associations. The costs involved when practicing tennis, first of all investment and organi zational expenditures, connected with a policy conducted by official authorities to promote sport and which in a traditional manner give preference to certain sports disciplines, lead to a situation, where also in the future tennis will continue to belong rather to expensives types of sport. Nevertheless it turns out that the trend towards development of tennis continues, even if obstacles continue to exist and therefore tennis is bound in the near future to become a genuine sport for the people in the Federal Republic of Germany.


The authors present the results of powder neutron diffraction studies of the partially frustrated compounds (FexCr1-x)2Ca3(GeO4)3 for x in (0,1). A phase diagram is deduced from measurements of the sublattice magnetisation as a function of temperature. Three phases can be distinguished at T=2 K: for samples in the composition ranges 0<or=x<or approximately=0.37 and 0.67<or approximately=x<or approximately=1 they find the antiferromagnetic structures of the corresponding pure end members, while for 0.37<or approximately=x<or approximately=0.67 the magnetic structure is a linear superposition of these two magnetic modes (magnetic space group Ip4122 for x=1, I4'1/ac'd for x=0). From a careful peak width analysis the authors obtain clear support for the results of their magnetisation measurements, that for compositions x in the interval )0.4, 0.6( and T<Tg<or approximately=4 K a reentrant spin glass phase exists. They find for samples in this intermediate-concentration range, that both the long-range-order Bragg components and the magnetic diffuse scattering contribution are dependent on time, on a minute-to-hour timescale. This relaxation phenomenon depends strongly on the cooling history.


In today's globally competitive environment, innovation has become the key measure of a business's sustainability (Manceau et al. 2011:4). Businesses are required to increasingly innovate in order to obtain a competitive advantage. In turn, government, universities, research institutions and even individuals have become attracted to forming industry partnerships in the hope of monetising their research (Huston & Sakkab 2006:2).


In the era of the Internet, information security issues are of paramount importance. Software packages invariably have security vulnerabilities. If exploited by malicious hackers, vulnerabilities can cause substantial losses to software corporations and end users. Due to the increase in Advanced Persistent Threat (APT) attacks, vulnerabilities have to be discovered as rapidly as possible. This research focuses on Microsoft Office Word software and proposes the fuzzing vulnerability digging model. In the field of fuzz testing, the traditional approaches consume considerable time and system resources without analyzing file formats. Therefore, the fuzzing vulnerability digging model proposed in this research examines the file format to identify any possible weaknesses. According to the experiments, our proposed model outperforms two benchmarking models, i.e. the FileFuzz tester and MiniFuzz tester, for a fixed period of time. Finally, we present an example which imitates a Shellcode attack carried out via the weaknesses discovered by the proposed model. According to the comparison results, the proposed model has the potential to identify weaknesses in MS Office Word software more effectively and efficiently.


Although researchers have argued that textbooks should be customized to local cultures and experiences, they rarely are. Ciencia Puerto Rico, a non-profit group interested in promoting science literacy and education among Latino(a)s/Hispanics, identified a need to provide schools with culturally relevant materials. The result was the publication of the book ¡Ciencia Boricua! Ensayos y anécdotas del científico puertorro, an anthology of short, multidisciplinary science essays written by Puerto Rican scientists to develop awareness of Puerto Rican science and scientists. The purposes of this manuscript are (a) to provide evidence of instances of contextualization and cultural relevance in ¡Ciencia Boricua!, and (b) to determine the extent to which the use of ¡Ciencia Boricua! and related activities changed the perception toward science of 57 elementary and middle school students enrolled in a public school in Puerto Rico, and which contextualized science activities students preferred. The results showed that the contextualized activities improved the perception about science in many children, particularly boys. Students preferred activities with more interactivity, like presenting their science posters during Closing Night, visiting a science laboratory, and receiving guest scientists at the school. Results showcase a successful strategy for developing culturally relevant and contextualized science education resources.


Sessile droplets coalescing on superhydrophobic substrates spontaneously jump from the surface. In this process, the excess surface energy available at the initiation of coalescence overcomes the minimal surface adhesion and manifests as sufficient kinetic energy to propel the droplets away from the substrate. Here, we show that the coalescence induced droplet jumping velocity is significantly curtailed if the superhydrophobic substrate is flexible in nature. Through detailed experimental measurements and numerical simulations, we demonstrate that the droplet jumping velocity and jumping height can be reduced by as much as 40 % and 64%, respectively, by synergistically tuning the substrate stiffness and substrate frequency. We show that this hitherto unexplored aspect of droplet coalescence jumping can be gainfully exploited in water harvesting from dew and fog harvesting. Additionally, through an exemplar butterfly wing substrate, we demonstrate that this effect is likely to manifest on many natural superhydrophobic substrates due to their inherent flexibility.


Low temperature and low pressure nano-pattern fabrication process is presented. Hard mold UV nanoimprint lithography, processed by SUSS MicroTec MA6, was used for sub-100nm pattern fabrication. The process details including mold fabrication are provided. A comparison between patterns on soft mold and hard mold is given. The governing parameters in hard mold NIL process are identified. UV curable resin AMONIL MMS4 was used as a UV-curable photo resist (PR) in the process, while 4inch Si wafer was the imprinted substrate. Various resist coating thicknesses from 200nm to 500nm were tested. Imprint force was applied by the high pressure N2 gas, in order to get uniform force distribution over the whole imprint area. 88nm width line patterns were transferred successfully to the resin layer. Results evaluation was done by using AFM and SEM pictures. Image from optical microscope is also shown for reference.


This paper analyzes the differences in the perceptions of company employees about ideal leaders in a situation of work in a remote format and in an office environment using the example of a study conducted in a large telecommunications company. The changes that took place in the perception of their leaders by the employees, those expectations from the leaders that came to the fore and became more significant in connection with the transition to the remote work model were identified. The study also identified the behavioral indicators of the competency model that are most relevant for leaders in a remote work situation and analyzed possible differences between employees' ideas about the ideal leader, depending on the gender of the current leader.


Removing NO<inf>3</inf>− in polluted groundwater of in-situ leaching uranium mine with iron powder (zero-valent iron, Fe0), DNB, iron powder and DNB are studied. The condition of tests include different pH of solution, dosage of iron powder, and treating time. The experimental results show that over 93% of NO<inf>3</inf>− in unneutralized polluted groundwater (pH value about 1.46) can be removed with 16.5 g·L−1 iron powder in 4 days. NO<inf>3</inf>− in neutralized polluted groundwater (pH value about 7.62) can also be removed with 2 g·L−1 iron powder. The removing rate of NO<inf>3</inf>− is enhanced with time and the highest removing rate reaches 54% in 5 days. NO<inf>3</inf>− in neutralized polluted groundwater can also be removed with DNB in condition of ρ(COD)/ρ(NO3-) equal to 1.5, 35°C, pH 5-8. The removing rate of NO<inf>3</inf>− is over 90%in 5 days. In certain conditions, the removing rate of NO<inf>3</inf>− with DNB is 30% higher than that with iron powder. The removing rate is promoted with DNB adding iron powder. Comparing to DNB, the iron powder can be used in larger range of pH of the polluted groundwater.


Delivering unexpected news is a common task many sonographers face within the clinical setting. Research has shown sonographers do not feel equipped to break unexpected news to pregnant women and their families. The aim of this study was to review current national and international literature to determine whether sonographers receive sufficient training to deliver unexpected news in the obstetric setting and the types of training individuals had received. Keywords were searched using PubMed, Google Scholar and Central Queensland University library. A total of 22 articles were selected for discussion and four main themes were identified during thematic analysis: (1) sonographers felt underprepared to deliver unexpected news, (2) sonographers felt training was or would be beneficial in delivering unexpected news, (3) a standard training protocol and guidelines should be implemented and (4) training and preparation to deliver unexpected news can improve patient care and satisfaction. Improved communication and patient care could be achieved with the implementation of standard guidelines and training, within universities or via professional associations to ensure sonographers are prepared to deliver unexpected news.


The effects of chitosan on phytoremediation of wastewater by Hydrilla verticillata were studied by cultivating Hydrilla verticillata in sewage with different CODCr concentrations(318、157 and 30 mg·L-1).At each concentration,0.1% chitosan was added to the experimental group while the other,with no chitosan added,served as a control.The growth,the content of chlorophyll,dissolved protein and activity of antioxidant enzymes inside the body of Hydrilla verticillata were measured.The results indicated that the chitosan made the growth of main caulis,roots and ramifications much faster.The content of chlorophyll and dissolved protein of the experiment group were higher than that of the control.Chitosan can induce the SOD and POD activities in the plant,weaken lipid peroxidation reactions and improve the ability of Hydrilla verticillata to remediate waste water.


Our nation has become a wealth-based contradiction of a democracy with 20% of Americans owning almost 90% of America's wealth. Creating wealth is antitrust's goal, but any wealth created defaults automatically to the wealthy, adding to democracy's peril. Democracy must be saved from antitrust and the negative distributional impact of the wealth it creates. It is time for its repeal.


The Moderator (Ms O. N. Gaughan, F.I.A.): This is a sessional event run by the Institute and Faculty of Actuaries (IFoA) on the topic of the "IFRS 17 Contractual Service Margin: a Life Insurance Perspective". The panel members are Wijdan Yousuf (Aon – UK); Natalia Mirin (Mazars – UK); Brendon Thorpe (Discovery Life – South Africa); Joanna Stansfield (Lloyds Banking Group – UK); Kruti Malde (ICICI Prudential Life – India); Rob Walton (PwC – UK); and Leong Tan (Swiss Re – Australia). I am Olive Gaughan (Mazars – Ireland). I have been a member of the IFoA since 1990, and I feel privileged to have been invited to preside over this event today. I have been involved in IFRS 17 for a few years now and have been involved with a number of panels, both asking questions and answering questions. The working party was set up in the summer of 2018 (around a year after IFRS 17 was first published) with work being undertaken in the context of a period where the standard had not bedded down. Indeed, it is only in recent months that we have a final version of the standard, but work had to begin as we knew what most of it was going to look like. The working party came together to analyse the standard, look at methodologies to think about what actuaries need to know, to think about it from a technical perspective, and produce some papers to benefit all of us. The working party has produced a lot of content so far, particularly LinkedIn articles. The culmination of all those efforts is today's sessional paper.


In the present study, a WRF/Urban-TRNSYS model chain is proposed to evaluate the cooling demand of buildings located in an urban area. A case study is proposed to show the applicability of the method for a hypothetical residential building located in the city of Bolzano (Italy) on a clear-sky hot day in summer. WRF/Urban results were first validated against measurements from permanent weather stations located both in the urban area and in the surrounding countryside. Then, several TRNSYS simulations were performed, in order to assess the impact of the gridded input from WRF/Urban against both measurements from a weather station located close to the sample building and to standard data from the Test Reference Year (TRY). Compared with estimates using input data from the weather station, the daily cooling demand of the sample building estimated by WRF/Urban-TRNSYS differed by only 6% to 8%, while differences of 60% were found when using standard TRY data. Moreover, results show that energy estimates obtained by means of WRF/Urban-TRNSYS model chain satisfy the standard requirement suggested by Ashrae Guidelines 14–2002, suggesting that this model chain is a useful tool for the estimation of real buildings energy consumption.


A quasi experimental study was undertaken to assess the effectiveness of creative visualisation on anxiety among head and oral cancer patients at cancer Centre, Karnataka. Pre-test/ post-test control group design was adopted and the study was conducted among head and oral cancer patients at Cancer Centre Karnataka. Sample size was 80 selected by convenient sampling technique.


The water balance of many wetlands in the North-East German Lowland is dominated by water resources management systems with drainage and subirrigation. These systems are integrated in the water resources management system of their whole river basin. Scenario investigations show the possibilities and constraints of different water resources management options within the wetland and in the basin. For the Spreewald wetland strategies for the mitigation of negative impacts of climate change are presented as an example.


Six-port data processing based on a holographic technique with three reference signals and a corresponding means of generalized residual formal regularization are discussed.


A mathematical analysis is given to describe the effect of prior large flow orientation on the variation of the fracture strength of a model linear hard polymer solid. For the simple state of uniaxial orientation, the fracture strengths in the direction of orientation and that perpendicular to the direction of orientation are evaluated as functions of the strain change and the strength of the unoriented material. The results indicate an increase of strength in the direction of orientation and a decrease of strength perpendicular to the direction of orientation as the degree of orientation increases.


Acceleration is one of important safety indexes for amusement devices.The effects of acceleration of amusement devices on the excitement and safety of passengers are firstly analyzed,and the meaning and requirements of G-acceleration in newly-issued safety code of amusement devices are detailed.Then,a useful determination method for G-acceleration is presented through dynamic simulation analysis.Formulas of permissible acceleration in the new code are studied and the relationship between single-direction permissible acceleration and united permissible acceleration is researched.Based on it,a simple discriminant approach of G-acceleration is put forward with consideration on the characteristics of the test and simulation analysis data,which is a guide for understanding and implementing the items about acceleration in the new code.Finally,two engineering examples about G-acceleration analysis of bungee jumping device and roller coaster are given with the application of the approach into them.


Sexual diff erences in structure of submandibullary gland of the person during the fi rst period of mature age are revealed. At men it is more strongly developed the extralobular stroma, the strongest are a capsule and interlobus stroma, the share of parenchyma and intralobular stroma is less, the share of lipocytes is more, blood supply is worse. In women the interlobular stroma has greatest durability, the share of parenchyma and intralobular stroma is bigger, the share of lipocytes is not large, blood supply is better


In this paper, we propose a scheme using Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) and self-coherent detection to enhance satellite-to-ground data links, with improved communication data rate and detection performance. We analyzed this free space optical communication systems theoretically, with preliminary experimental results being demonstrated. In the experiment, quadrature phase shift keying and 16-quadrature amplitude modulation OFDM signals were transmitted and detected by coherent receiver respectively.


A population of Clitostethus arcuatus (Rossi), originating in Israel, was imported into California in 1989. Laboratory studies at three temperatures (21.1, 28.2, 32.2°C) using Siphoninus phillyreae (Haliday) as prey indicated maximum developmental rates, survival, and fertility at 28.2°C. At 28.2°C, development from egg to adult required a mean of 15.6 d, egg-to-adult survival was 78%, sex ratio of surviving progeny was 1:1, females lived an average of 82 d and laid an average of 202 eggs. Developmental rates and fertility were slightly lower and survival was similar at 21.1°C. Development was slower and survival and fertility were reduced substantially at 32.2°C.


The market uptake of the 4th Generation networks is expected to support the increasing demand for wireless broadband services and ensure an enhanced mobile user experience. In this direction, the convergence of a wireless access network with an optical backhauling has been proposed. However, in such a converged architecture, the traditional fixed commitment of the backhaul resources does not prove to be as efficient, and novel dynamic schemes are required that consider both the needs of the base stations and the limitations of the passive optical network. This paper is concerned with the topic of resource allocation in two competing base stations that belong to different operators and share a common optical backhaul network infrastructure. An approach based on evolutionary game theory is proposed and employed, with a view to examining the interactions among the base stations and the passive optical network. Using the model of replicator dynamics, the proposed system design is proved to be asymptotically stable. In addition, this paper studies and reveals the extent to which time delay can have an impact on the proposed system design.


From the Department of Surgery-Vascular, UCLA Center for the Health Sciences; and the American Red Cross Blood Services, Southern California Region, Los Angeles, California. Address reprint requests to: Michelle C. Omura, BS, Department of Surgery-Vascular, UCLA Center for the Health Sciences, Los Angeles, CA 90095; e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Received for publication January 30, 2004; revision received August 1, 2004, and accepted August 4, 2004. TRANSFUSION 2005;45:270-273. T R A N S F U S I O N C O M P L I C A T I O N S


The machine for wrapping a group of articles with film (2) also applies a tear strip (6a). This is fed over rollers (13, 14) attached to a frame (4) at right angles to the film. A cutter (17) mounted on the frame cuts the strip into sections. Each section is then pressed on to the film at the desired position by a press (22).


The invention relates to a propyl-linked thiophene dimer crystal. The crystal has a colorless transplant block-shaped appearance, the melting point is 63.9-64.3 DEG C, the molecular formula is C13H14N2S2, the molecular weight is 262.39, the chemical name is (N1E, N3E)-N1,N3-bi(thiophene-2-methylene)propane-1,3-diamine, and the structure is as follows: formula (shown in the description); and the crystal belongs to a monoclinic system and a P21/N space group, a is equal to 8.425(3) angstroms, b is equal to 16.564(6) angstroms, c is equal to 10.324(4) angstroms, alpha and gamma are equal to 90 degrees, beta is equal to 111.766(5) angstroms, V is equal to 1338.1(9) cubic angstroms and Z is equal to 4. A preparation method of the thiophene dimer crystal is simple, and the thiophene dimer crystal is capable of emitting strong fluorescence in the range of 400nm-500nm. The thiophene dimer crystal has mild anti-tumor activity to lung cancer cells.


Background. On the one hand, the focus of exploration works changes to the more difficult reserves side, which were basically accumulated in the non-structural traps of Achimov and Tyumen formations. On the other hand, there are two important questions. The first is how the volume of reserves should be estimated correctly and the second is which volume of reserves is enough for economic successfully development. Aim. The main aim is to create a new actual approach of non-structural traps appraisal is considered in the absence of high quality of seismic data which allows identify such types of traps, which allows identify such types of traps. Materials and methods. Presented at the article algorithm enables estimate resources of non-lithological traps as exemplified in Tyumen formation, which was formed during depositional changes from continental to transitional depositional environments. The algorithm consists of some steps. The first step is collection on numbers, sizes and areas potential sand bodies based on different seismic attributes from analogies data. On the next step the coefficient which shows what numbers of geological bodies can be found on the unit of area was defined. Based on these data the probability distribution function which shows what part of studied area could be covered by potential bodies was made. After these steps, the integral resource base without regard to geological chance of success (gCoS) can be estimated. In order to account for geological risks the numbers of potential traps (including also non-structural traps), which were formed by meandering rives, tidal channels and point-bars, have to be defined. As a result, the discrete mathematical distribution of expected numbers of traps was made based on analogies data. If the oil infl ow was obtained from wells which have already drilled on the studied area part of resource base transfer to reserves (without including gCoS). Results. Discussed method was applied for "blind-test" on the new studied block with 3D seismic data. The obtained results of potential sand bodies fraction is correspond to the initial distribution from analogy fields. The method can be used for resource base potential on any block where there are lithological traps, which are controlled by mainly the facies conditions instead of structural plan, and also the 3D seismic data is absent. Conclusions. The appliance of discussed method which based on the available statistical data helps improve the quality estimation of change resource base range and allows to map the new prospective areas containing reserves and resources. One more important thing is this method allows to resolve the problem of base potential estimation and as a result to put a price on asset and risk capital values needed to explore the potential areas by drilling before the key outlays in the exploration program will be invested.


Background: Incidence of death and hospitalizations have been observed to depend on short-term changes in weather and to increase with extreme temperatures. This thesis aims to strengthen the scien ...


The article discusses a number of developments intended to overcome the problem of wheel-spin encountered in American-designed vehicles with a driven line axle, caused by the output torque being applied to the right hand wheel. A device to overcome this problem is the positrac unit that comprises two free-wheels which apply driving torque to the slowest wheel and engine braking to the fastest wheel. Another device developed by Eaton Corp. is an automatic self-locking differential which only comes into operation when wheelspin occurs. Another self-locking differential unit is the true-trac device developed by Aspro Inc. which is designed to differences of torque rather than speed. Such devices are useful in exploiting the advantages of four-wheel-drive transmission layouts in which torque can be applied equally to both axles. In such layouts it is the practice in the United States to fit automatic locking front wheel hubs so that the front transmission system can be at rest on good surfaces. /TRRL/


HISUI (Hyperspectral Imager SUIte) is the next Japanese earth observation sensor, which consists of hyperspectral and multispectral sensors. The hyperspectral sensor is an imaging spectrometer with the VNIR (400-970nm) and the SWIR (900-2500nm) spectral channels. Spatial resolution is 30 m with swath width of 30km. The spectral resolution will be better than 10nm in the VNIR and 12.5nm in the SWIR. The multispectral sensor has four VNIR spectral bands with spatial resolution of 5m and swath width of 90km. HISUI will be installed in ALOS-3 that is an earth observing satellite by JAXA. It will be launched in FY 2015. This paper is concerned with the effect of temperature on onboard calibration reference material (NIST SRM2065) for spectral response functions (SRFs) retrieval of the hyperspectral sensor. Since the location and intensity of absorption features are sensitive to material temperature, the estimated center wavelength and bandwidth of the SRFs may include the uncertainty. Therefore, it is necessary to estimate the deviation of the wavelength and the bandwidth broadening of the SRFs when the material temperature changes. In this paper we describe the evaluation of uncertainty of the SRF's parameters retrieval and show some simulation's results.


Intrahepatic distant recurrence, after successful radiofrequency ablation for hepatocellularcarcinoma, is related to many factors. Underlying liver fibrosis/cirrhosis severity thought to beone of these contributors. FIB-4 index is a non-invasive marker which reflects the severity ofliver fibrosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of FIB-4 index afterradiofrequency ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma with curative intent. This retrospectivestudy included 121 HCV related hepatocellular carcinoma patients with Child class A who underwentradiofrequency ablation between 1/2010 & 12/2014. The study assessed the overallsurvival and denovo intrahepatic distant recurrence using pretreatment FIB-4 index.The result showed that pretreatment FIB-4 index of ≤3.25 patients had significant better freeintrahepatic distant recurrence and overall survival rates after radiofrequency ablation when comparedto those with pretreatment FIB-4 index of > 3.25, even in subsets of patients with Childscore 5, single lesion or lesions< 3cm. Also, FIB-4 index was useful prognostic predictor of intrahepaticdistant recurrence and overall survival after radiofrequency ablation in Child class Apatients in uni and multivraite analysis.


The study examined the hydraulic properties of the of IKPA river and and its impact on sediment transport. Measurements such as depths of the river, Top width, discharges were measured along the stretch of the river. The cross section of the river was divided with ranging poles with maximum distance of 4m apart. The maximum velocity of the river was 0.94m/s while the minimum velocity of 0m/s was recorded in the cross-section of the rivers. The maximum velocity of the river was recorded at the second vertical and the minimum velocity was recorded at the banks of the river and also on the bed of the river. The regression analysis of the velocity profile against depth at different stages showed a quadratic relationship between the velocity and depth of the river with R2 value of 0.962 which occurred at the 3rd vertical, of stage 2.2m. The highest discharge recorded at the stages of the river was 9.79m3/s which occurred at stage 3.28m. Regression analysis of the average depth against the discharge showed a power function relation which a maximum R2 value of 0.90. Results showed that the maximum discharge of the river recorded was 33.71m3/s at the velocity of 0.67m/s and at the depth of 1.73m from the bed of the river.


The synchrotron‐radiating particles and magnetic fields in low‐power radio galaxies (including the cluster‐center sources thought to regulate cooling flows), if at equipartition, can provide only a small fraction of the total internal energy of the radio lobes, which is now well‐constrained via X‐ray observations of the surrounding gas. I investigate the constraints on models for the dominant energy contribution in low‐power radio lobes via a detailed comparison of how the internal equipartition pressure and external pressure measured from X‐ray observations evolve with distance along the jet for two radio galaxies, 3C 31 and Hydra A. I conclude that models in which magnetic field or relativistic protons carried up the jet dominate lobe energetics are unlikely, and rule out electron dominance via inverse‐Compton constraints. Finally, I argue that entrainment of material from the jet surroundings can provide the necessary pressure, and show that a simple, physically motived model of the evolution of entrai...


This letter proposes a parallel belief propagation algorithm for fast iterative decoding of rate compatible modulation. In this proposed algorithm, the processing at symbol node is partitioned into several low complexity sub-processors. All sub-processors have similar structures and work in parallel without cross connections among them. Numerical and simulation results show that proper partition results in significant reduction of the computational complexity without decoding performance degradation.


This paper investigates the ergodic capacity limit of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) Nakagami-fading channels for arbitrary finite number of antennas. Through the use of majorization theory, we derive ergodic capacity bounds for this general class of channels. In the high signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) regime, we show that a simple expression for the capacity upper bound is available, which reveals the impact of channel fading parameter on the system ergodic capacity. Besides, the asymptotic behavior of the ergodic capacity where the number of antenna(s) at one or both side(s) goes to infinity, is studied. By considering the low SNR regime, on the other hand, we give an approximation and a lower bound for the ergodic capacity. Monte Carlo simulation results are provided to verify the tightness of the proposed bounds.


crucial concepts in both domains, or by a thoughtful transplanting of concepts from one disciplinary context to the other. Paul comes closest to such an approach when, for example, she traces the history of a concept (such as borderlands), and thus contextualizes it. But Paul's focus on the US discourse of migration within American studies restricts her pursuit of interdisciplinarity. The strong points of this solid work are many. One of them, however, is at the same time its weakness. For, while it is undeniably very satisfying to read extensive acknowledgements of the debates of the last decade, and an overview of the main bones of contention, Paul's scrupulous summing up and answering to all these objections is sometimes just a bit too dutiful. Such a respectful wariness to a host of critical positions is, on the one hand, a sign of scholarly integrity, on the other hand, it suggests the wish to take on the burden of a whole field. This anxious effort to cover the totality of the field is visible in the conclusion, where suddenly the argument is extended to film analysis and novels by white and male authors. But it is simply not possible to cover this totality, nor should it make sense to try to do so. Surely, not everyone in the field is driven by the same analytical desire, or speaking from the same position. A consciously, less anxious, specifically situated position might have led to a lighter, more experimental and perhaps even more innovative analysis. But this is just an afterthought on the kind of studies we need after the sound, meticulous work presented by scholars such as Heike Paul. Paul's study shows us the state of the art in the feminist theorizing of migration and postcoloniality. This is where we are. And now, how to proceed from here? How to overcome the tired oppositions between the literary/the social, between materiality/metaphor? Let us thank Paul for her thorough exploration of this theoretical borderland, an exploration that urges us to move on, in other directions, and with other, perhaps also more circumscribed gestures.


The article proves the authenticity of The Preface of Lin′s Genealogical Tree in Xihe County through the analysis of Lin Bingrong′s learning ability,who was the main compiler of Lin′s Genealogical Tree in Changde of Hunan,initially from the Preface,the comparison between the Lin′s development in Longyan of Fujian province and the content of the Preface,the influence of commodity economic development in the period of Ming and Qing Dynasty on Lin′s genealogical tree and the analysis of the social and historical background for the Preface.


Firstly,this paper analyzes the development situation of service trade between China and India,and then analyzes their internal structure.The results show as follows: the quantum of China's service trade is increasing rapidly,but the structure needs adjusting;the international competitiveness of China's service trade doesn' t have comparative advantage.


This volume of the Anglo-Saxon corpus is concerned with the sculpture from seventy-three sites in the traditional West Riding. Many sites possess just a single piece, but a few places stand out for the wealth of their collections: Burnsall, Dewsbury, Ilkley, Otley, Ripon and Thornhill all hold ten stones or more, and the sculpture from Otley is among the finest in the country. The earliest pieces, dating from the 7th and 8th centuries, are centred on Ripon (where Wilfrid built his church between 668 and 678) and Ledsham (associated with the church built by Paulinus in Campodono). Later in the Anglian period, other important centres grew up, notably at Otley, Ilkley and Dewsbury. The Otley 1 Cross, carved with busts of apostles or evangelists under arches and foliage scrolls inhabited by birds, is, as the author writes, 'one of the finest monuments surviving from pre-Viking Northumbria' comparable in its richness and inventiveness with the more famous examples at Easby and Bewcastle. Ilkley is no more than five miles from Otley along the river Wharfe, but the Ilkley 2 Cross shows no stylistic links with Otley 1, and its bold, rounded scrollwork and symmetrical animal ornamented panels have been associated with the Uredale Master, active at Masham and elsewhere in the North Riding. Dewsbury was yet another centre of astonishing richness in the late 8th and early 9th centuries, and like Ilkley and Otley provides evidence of a revival of early Christian forms at this date. The Dewsbury cross-shafts, for example, include a range of New Testament scenes including the Virgin and Child, Christ blessing and the miracles of the Wedding at Cana and the Feeding of the Five Thousand, as well as foliage interlace of great virtuosity and complexity. The sculpture in the area after the Viking invasion of the early 10th century, west of the main areas of Viking settlement in Yorkshire, does not show the same coherence as the earlier work; much of it is confused and is interpreted here as attempts to render earlier patterns in a more stylised form. There were, however, lively local schools, including the one that produced the great 10th-century cross at Leeds characterised by bold interlace and knotwork, and heavy, schematised human figures including a scene of Weland's airborne escape from captivity. The West Riding volume of this respected series well maintains the standard we have come to expect, and improves on it in some areas, notably in the chapter on regional geology contributed by G. K. Lott. This includes coloured geological maps on which are superimposed the locations of sculptural pieces, coded according to their stone type, which graphically displays a general tendency to use very local stone for sculpture in the pre-Conquest period. The sandstones of the Millstone Grit group, the most durable of the stones available in the West Riding, are an exception to this rule; they were exported outside the areas where they outcropped and even outside theWest Riding. This volume is an excellent piece of scholarship, and as such it makes frequent reference to related sculpture in neighbouring areas contained in other volumes, especially James Lang's volumes on York and East Yorkshire (1991) and North Yorkshire (2002). This cross-referencing brings its own diBculties, however. The East Yorkshire volume is now out of print (as are all volumes except the three most recent ones), and the price of second-hand copies is prohibitive; North Yorkshire was always expensive at £135. The problem will be solved, I hope, when the material is available on the CASSS website (www.dur.ac.uk/corpus/index.php3), but progress with this is maddeningly slow. At present the photographs from four of the eight volumes are available online, and there is a small sample (containing nine site entries from volume iv) of the database that will eventually cover the entire country.


It is known that mm-Wave power amplifiers can suffer from deterioration of power gain and efficiency due to package parasitic. This paper addresses specifically the impact of package inductances on the stability. Two methods are suggested to improve the stability, which are adoption of wide-band RC networks and splitting power supplies and grounds for multi-stage amplifiers.


Research on the psychological impact of low‐dose computed tomography (LDCT) lung cancer screening has typically been narrow in scope and restricted to the trial setting.


Application of data masking in achieving information privacy is implemented in order to enhance privacy of sensitive data. Data privacy is something that is appreciated by all people in different works of life, not only for self-pride but also for security. Think of a medical institution and his patient: the medical client will appreciate the secrecy of his medical data by the medical personnel; in the case of a bank and his client: the client will appreciate the privacy of his account information; just to mention but few cases. The challenge in data privacy is to share data while protecting personally identifiable information. This research work gives detailed analytical information on application of data masking in achieving information privacy. It covers issues on how data in production environment are being masked to avoid exposure of sensitive of sensitive data to an unauthorized user. The information used for this study was extracted from relevant textbooks, journals and internet. A customer-based application was developed to illustrate this subject. Java (using netbeans as the IDE) and MySQL were used as the programming language and back-end database respectively in the development of the said application.


case. The rheumatic group was of greater importance from the industrial point of view; there were certain broad lines on which the successful campaign against rheumatism should be carried out clinically. The speaker then classified the joint manifestations of rheumatism, and pointed out that there was a large group of cases in which heat, far from proving beneficial, was actually harmful. He stressed the importance of diet in rheumatism, casting ridicule on certain traditional beliefs, making some stimulating references to the endocrine system and its relation to the etiology and treatment of these diseases. He ended on a note of warning with regard to the indiscriminate use of vaccines in rheumatism, and of letting their dosage be fixed in the laboratory rather than at the bedside. Dr. W. S. C. COPEMIAN advocated the sanatorium treatment of the rheumatic diseases, and proposed a scheme for this, similar to one used in Russia, whereby the patient continued at his work in the day-time and had treatment at night and over the week-ends. The discipline, self education, and encourageinent were, as in the case of tuberculous patients, of special value in such a plan. He also referred to idiosyncracies in diet shown by certain rheumatic patients. Dr. DELICATI suggested that there was a nervous origin for some cases of rheumatoid arthritis, and referred to work in America which supported the view that the condition might be due to a lack of balance between the autonomic -and endocrine systems. He briefly outlined two types of case in which he suggested that one or the other system predominated. Dr. HALLOWES (Torquay) stressed the need for the early recognition of cases of arthritis, and mentioned the rarefaction of bone observed in a large number of cases. He referred to the unsuitability of some cases of these diseases being treated at sea-level, but maintained that each patient was a law to himself in this and dietetic matters. Mr. HARMAN TAYLOR (Liverpool) mentioned the important role of rest and exercise in the treatment of arthritis, and the need for a wide consideration of the whole subject. Drs. WILSHAW and EDGECOMBE (Harrogate) also spoke, and Dr. BUCKLEY replied.


The radiation environment encountered at high-energy hadron accelerators strongly differs from the environment relevant for space applications. The mixed-field expected at modern accelerators is composed of charged and neutral hadrons (protons, pions, kaons and neutrons), photons, electrons, positrons and muons, ranging from very low (thermal) energies up to the TeV range. This complex field, which is extensively simulated by Monte Carlo codes (e.g. FLUKA) is due to beam losses in the experimental areas, distributed along the machine (e.g. collimation points) and deriving from the interaction with the residual gas inside the beam pipe. The resulting intensity, energy distribution and proportion of the different particles largely depends on the distance and angle with respect to the interaction point as well as the amount of installed shielding material. Electronics operating in the vicinity of the accelerator will therefore be subject to both cumulative damage from radiation (total ionizing dose, displacement damage) as well as single event effects which can seriously compromise the operation of the machine. This, combined with the extensive use of commercial-off-the-shelf components due to budget, performance and availability reasons, results in the need to carefully characterize the response of the devices and systems to representative radiation conditions.


Fire extinguishing by explosive water mists is a new method with high efficiency and rapid fire-extinguishing performance.In order to study the process of explosive water mists acting on oil fire,a CCD camera,a fine thermocouple and an infrared thermometer were used to capture the images of fire extinguishing by explosive water mists and the temperature variation during extinguishing process.The experimental results show that the temperature drops sharply while the explosive water mists impact on the oil-fire surface,and the fall time is in accord with the fire extinguishing duration from CCD images.Also,when the water bag is placed 1.0mabove the oil pan with 3kg water and 2.02 g explosive,the extinguishing duration time is about 200 ms.A fine thermocouple can be used as an accurate measuring device to represent the temperature variation of the extinguishing process,while an infrared thermometer is a good auxiliary means to qualitatively investigate the temperature change of extinguishing process.


Being the most excellent poem in the Tang Dynasty, the Flowery Moonlit Night of the Chunjiang River is an eternal miracle in the history of Chinese poetry. It forever contains new explanations and understandings. This article is intended to make a new explanation and reach a new understanding of its abstruse implications. In the author's opinion, this poem opened up a panorama first from the paean for human childhood, then to the middle-age meditation and inquiry, and finally to the loneliness in the declining years. It implies rich philosophies of life and profound revelations.


Fungal and bacterial biocontrol organisms with known activity against soil borne fungal pathogens were tested for their efficacy in controlling Fusarium wilt of tomato in the screen house. The trial tested five organisms ( Trichoderma virile, Trichoderma harzianum, Penicillium oxalicum, Bacilius subtilis and Pseudomonas cepacia ) with the control and two methods of application (root dip and seed treatment) in a 2x6 factorial experiment. Bacillus subtilis was the most effective antagonist providing significant (P T. viride, T. harzianum and P. cepacia also significantly lower the incidence of Fusarium wilt compared to the control. B. subtilis also improved the growth of tomato seedling compared to the other antagonist treatment. The root population of Fusarium oxysporum was significantly lower with antagonists treatments range of (3.3-6.9 log cfu/g root) compared to 7.5 in the control. Antagonist applied as seed treatment gave significantly (P Nigerian Journal of Horticultural Science Vol. 9 2005: 63-68


Aiming at the problem that it is difficult to quantitatively evaluate the combat effectiveness of the C4ISR system, this paper proposes a method to evaluate the combat effectiveness of the marine C4ISR system based on system dynamics. By analyzing the feedback mechanism of the maritime C4ISR system and the causal relationship between the red and blue maritime C4ISR systems under complex electronic warfare conditions, a system dynamics model and related equations of the maritime C4ISR system in counter condition are established. The degree of the damage from Red to Blue is used as a measure of the operational effectiveness of the maritime C4ISR system. The simulation results show that this method is helpful to improve the combat plan and improve the combat effectiveness of the C4ISR system.


A simplified version of the random copolymer lattice cluster theory has been applied to explain the variation in the nature of the phase transition (upper vs lower critical solution temperature pha...


The objective of this study was to determine the feeding effect of a diet containing Cordyceps with fly pupa on the changes in blood lipid profile from broiler chickens, fatty acids and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in chicken meat. A total of 360 chicks (Ross strain 308) were divided on hatch day into four treated groups with respect to a 35-day feeding regimen: T1 (control group), T2 (2.0% Cordyceps with fly pupa), T3 (3.5% Corceps with fly pupa) and T3 (5.0% Cordyceps with fly pupa). Blood triacylglyceride and total cholesterol level was significantly decreased by 5.32-10.63% and 9.23-12.62%, respectively, in groups T2, T3 and T4 when compared to T1 (p<0.05). Water holding capacity was significantly highest in T2 (p<0.05), while there were no significant differences among groups T2, T3 and T. In chicken meat, the ratio of saturated fatty acid to unsaturated fatty acid was high in the T3 and T4 groups, the ratio of n-6 to n-3 fatty acid was low in the T2, T3 and T4 groups and oleic acid (18:1n-9) was high in the T2, T3 and T4 groups, when compared to T1 (p<0.05). TBARS tended to increase according to the storage time (in days), and was significantly lower in the chicken thigh muscles with skin in groups T2, T3 and T4 as compared to T1 (p<0.05). These results suggest that a diet containing 2.0-3.5% of Cordyceps with fly pupa may decrease blood lipid and improve both the shelf-life and quality of broiler chicken meat.


My bachelor thesis deals with pitfalls of care about permanent urinary catheter of immobile patients in nursing care home, it is a current issue. The thesis consists of a theoretical and a practical part. The theoretical part is focused on the definition of immobility, immobilization syndrome and somatic body's response to immobility. Bachelor thesis is dealt with issues of taking care of permanent urinary catheter, availability and benefits of home care agencies, nursing care for immobile patients and competencies of nurses in home care agencies. The practical part contains a quantitative research conducted through a questionnaire survey among nurses working in home care agencies and focuses on the possibility of managing care of permanent urinary catheter in immobile patients in home care agencies.


Background: Thanks to the recent development of dedicated devices and an accumulation of experience, endovascular therapy (EVT) is becoming an alternative first-line option for the treatment of pat...


The purpose of this article is to convey the findings of two studies related to the perception of past, present and future roles, the value attributed to these roles as well as the role patterns. Both studies were conducted with adults who have schizophrenia and are involved in a rehabilitation or work program. Data were collected from two sources: 1) secondary analysis of a study related to the methodology for validating the French translation (Hachey, Jumoorty, & Mercier, 1995) of the "Role Checklist", (Barris, Oakley, & Kielhofner, 1988) and 2) a research project on the perception of roles and quality of life. Results showed that the dominant roles assumed by participants regardless of time were family member, friend, home maintainer and hobbyist. The most valued roles were those of friend, worker, and family member. The discussion will address the questions asked and elucidate the role patterns. The conclusion underlines the importance, for occupational therapists and health professionals, of including roles in the daily lives of their clients, taking into consideration the ones they value most highly.


Surfing involves a delicate balance between the surfer, gravity and a rising wall of water-borne energy generated many miles away. Catching a wave isn't automatic. The surfer must move towards shore under his or her own steam in order to catch the wave. Too slow and the wave passes beneath them. Too fast and they may slide down the face of the wave and have it break over them. The ideal balances the rise of the wave towards the shore with the surfer's descent on the front face of the wave, propelling the surfer forward. Moving water, whether rising gently as the incoming tide, or rushing wildly towards or past us as wave or flood, provides powerful metaphors for change. I hope you will bear with me while I use a number of them in this essay.


Off-chaining has been suggested to enhance scalablity and privacy of blockchains, especially in public networks. However, a systematic classification is missing. In this paper, we propose generic off-chaining models categorizing different types of off-chaining. From our analysis of these models, we conclude that off-chain computations are particularly powerful and subsequently provide a description and comparison of off-chain computation approaches.


A model for the resin trasnfer molding is proposed. We use the Darcy law which describes a flow in a porous medoum. To localize the interface between the fluid ans the das we use a pseudo concentration fonction, solution of a transport equation which is equivalent to the usual interface conditions. To solve the transport equation we introduce diffusion in the direction of the flow in order to obtain a good algorithm. At last our results are compared to experimental ones.


Prostate segmentation from MRI is a necessary first step and plays a key role in different stages of clinical decision making process. In this paper, we propose a MR T1 Image segmentation method of the prostate based on distance regularized level set evolution with a deformable shape prior. To smooth the prostate image to reduce the noise, we introduce a prostate image with Gaussian kernel and get an edge indicator. To avoid the leakage induced on account of prostate boundaries missing, or blending with surrounding tissues, we introduce priori shape information to construct an energy function with a distance regularization term and an external shape energy term containing the edge indicator and minimize it by solving the gradient flow which can be implemented with a finite difference scheme. To verify the MRI segmentation method of a prostate presented in this paper, we utilize the optimal value of parameters  ,  , and  in the distance regularized level set evolution model and the deformable shape prior of prostate to segment a part of images from normal prostate, benign hyperplasia prostate and cancer prostate. The experiment results show that the MRI segmentation method of prostate presented in this paper is effective for different situation of different patients.


Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) is a surveillance system used in Air Traffic Control. In this system aircraft transmit their own information (identity, position, velocity etc.) to any equipped listener for surveillance scope. ADS-B is based on a very simple protocol and doesn't provide any kind of authentication and encryption, making it vulnerable to many types of cyber-attacks. In the paper, it is proposed the use of airplane/transmitter RF level features to perform a test to distinguish legitimate messages from fake ones. The received signal features extraction process is described and an intrusion detection algorithm is proposed and evaluated by the use of real data. The results show that by a simple signal processing add-on on a classical (and low cost) ADS- B receivers, it is possible to detect if the ADS- B messages are sent using the expected hardware or not in the 85% of the case.


Encouraged by the Puritan emphasis on literacy and mission, and energized by sociocultural needs and frontier voluntarism, New Englanders and others founded 107 small-settlement proprietary and subscription libraries in the Connecticut Western Reserve (part of present-day northern Ohio) before 1860. This article discusses the background context, organization, administration, patronage, and content of a representative number of these libraries as well as their evolution as predecessors of the tax-supported public library in nineteenth-century Ohio.


Objective:To understand parents' demands of adolescent sexual and reproductive services,so as to provide advice and evidence for exploring suitable adolescent health services. Methods:The parents were selected by random cluster sampling from middle school,and questionnaires were answered by anonymous. Results:① self-evaluation: 57.85% of parents admitted lack of sexual education capability,which included educational techniques(52.17%),knowledge(36.68%) and communication problem and trust with children(31.30%);② services requirement: the demand from mothers(50.7%) was higher than fathers(42.3%) in adolescent sexual and reproductive health service;56.57% of parents wanted to learn sexual knowledge and skills by audio,48.27% of them wanted to learn by lectures and 46.94% of them wanted to learn by books 75.99% of the parents supported to set up educational service institutes for teenagers. Conclusion:To improve adolescent's health,we should enlarge publicity,train parents in sexual education capability as soon as possible,enhance ability in adolescent sex education;cooperate by multi-department,and to launch comprehensive and friendly service for young people.


January is the month of the northeasterly monsoon over the Indian peninsula. Continental and anthropogenic aerosols are advected from the land to the ocean and mix with the marine atmosphere. This is an ideal time to study the dispersal of continental aerosols into the marine atmosphere. This communication presents the results of the sunphotometer-measured aerosol optical depth (AOD) onboard Sagar Kanya over the northern Arabian Sea on its 186th mission, from 3 to 20 January 2003. The te mporal, spectral and spatial variations of AOD are investigated. Relationship between AOD and relative humidity and variations in AOD and the Angstrom exponent from coastal to far -coastal regions of the ocean with respect to the prevailing wind conditions has been presented.


OBJECTIVE
To investigate the role of hemocoagulase to prevent pulmonary hemorrhage in critical newborns on mechanical ventilation.

DESIGN
Randomized controlled trial.

SETTING
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of an affiliated hospital of a Medical University.

CHILDREN
Seventy-two critical newborn infants on mechanical ventilation.

INTERVENTION
The involved neonates were divided randomly into two groups. Forty-one patients were treated with prophylactic hemocoagulase(dripped through the endotracheal tube), and other 31 neonates served as controls.

OUTCOME MEASURES
Incidence of pulmonary hemorrhage, time of ceasing pulmonary hemorrhage if occurred, time of withdrawing of mechanical ventilation in the survivors, and mortality.

RESULTS
The incidence of pulmonary hemorrhage (12% vs 42%) and the time of ceasing pulmonary hemorrhage (1.36 +/- 0.65 vs 3.58 +/- 0.82, days), were significantly less in infants treated with prophylactic hemocoagulase as compared with the controls (P<0.05). The time to withdrawal of mechanical ventilation was less in the intervention group (3.20 +/- 0.45 vs 5.04 +/- 1.51 days) (P < 0.05). The mortality in children who received hemocoagulase was 22.0%, which was significantly less than controls (41.9 %) (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION
Prophylactic use of hemocoagulase in mechanically ventilated neonates is effective against pulmonary hemorrhage.


In order to supply quality seed for vegetation restoration in arid and semiarid areas of Northwest China, the effects of Platycladus orientalis seed storage under ultra-drying and accelerated aging were studied. The seeds were dried from 6.8% to 5.1%, 4.4%, 3.7% and 2.2% MC, respectively, in a desiccator with the silica gel. The germination energy, germination percentage, germination index and vigor index of the seed were investigated. After ultra-drying, groups of seeds were carried on the accelerated aging tests in an oven at 50 oC for 10, 20 and 30 d , respectively, and the physiological indexes, including relative conductivity, dehydrogenase activity and α-amylase activity were tested. The results show that the ultra-dried seeds with 3.7% MC have the highest germination energy, germination percentage, germination index and vigor index. After aging, the dehydrogenase activity and α-amylase activity of the group of seeds of 3.7% MC were higher than those of 6.8%, while the relative conductivity of the group of 3.7% is lower than that of 6.8%. It is feasible to ultra- dry the seeds with 3.7% MC.


In Multi-hop Underwater Acoustic Networks (MUANs), Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol has attracted strong attentions due to its potentially large impact to the overall network performance. The main task of a MAC protocol is to prevent simultaneous transmissions or resolve transmission collisions of data packets while providing energy efficiency, low channel access delays and fairness among the nodes in a network. Unlike terrestrial networks, which mainly rely on radio waves for communications, MUANs utilize acoustic waves, which pose a new research challenge in the design of MAC protocols. In this paper, we propose a new MAC strategy for MUANs utilizing time reversal (TR), to overcome the medium access control problems encountered under the environment of underwater acoustic networks. Utilizing the complex spatial varied features of underwater acoustic channel, time-reversal (TR) process could concentrate signal energy in both the spatial and temporal domains, a useful property for networks in an environment with significant multipath. Utilizing time reversal (TR), the proposed MAC strategy results in a significant improved spatial multiplexing ratio of the shared wireless channel, and resolves collision of simultaneous transmissions in multi-hop underwater acoustic networks.


In order to provide a scientific basis for prospecting at depth,this paper studies the distribution character of bonanzas and carries out numerical simulations on hydrothermal metallogenic epoch after mylonitization in the Hetai gold deposit of western Guangdong Province. The results show that bonanzas are distributed in left step and nearly equidistant on plane,also nearly equidistant on a vertical section,and dipping northeast. It is 85 ~ 179m to the adjacent bonanza in dipping direction in the Yunxi deposit,and 62 ~ 302m to the another one in pitching direction in the Gaocun Deposit. The anomalous belts of shear strains by numerical simulations are the places favorable for sliding and mineralization in the Hetai gold deposit. These anomalous belts of shear strains are also left step and nearly equidistant,same as the distribution character of bonanzas. The near equidistance of the anomalous belts of shear strains before shear sliding controlled the near equidistance of ore bodies after shear sliding. This is called the nearly equidistant ore-controlling model with anomalous belts of shear strains. Such controlling was probably determined by shear sliding when the shear strains anomalous belts were forming and by micro crack expansion after the shear strains anomalous belts had formed. Applying this model to statistical analysis and prediction of ore bodies in the deposits would help improve the effect of ore-search efforts.


The C3DS approach to complex service provisioning comprises using work ows towards the speci cation of the functional behavior of complex services required by users. Those work ow speci cations, in conjunction with the description of the software architecture of an underlying software system, drive the design, implementation, deployment and assessment of complex services. This report concentrates on the assessment of non-functional properties that characterize a complex service. Since the architecture of a complex service is captured by a work ow speci cation, the assessment of non-functional properties is realized at the work ow level. More speci cally, we are heading towards a method for modeling issues that characterize the performance and reliability of complex services at the work ow level. The main artifact of the aforementioned method is a work ow quality model, which is then used for the assessment of performance and reliability, using existing techniques.


Context Rural chicken production in most developing countries is based mainly on scavenging systems with indigenous chickens that have not been properly characterised and classified into well-defined breeds. Aims This study was conducted to identify the variant forms of qualitative phenotypic traits of local chickens in Tolon District, northern Ghana. Methods About 320 adult birds were sampled and data collected by using observation and a chicken colour chart. Traits included head shape; comb type, size and colour; feather distribution; and earlobe, eye, plumage, skin and shank colours. Chi-squared goodness of fit test was used to test whether variant phenotypes of each qualitative trait were equally distributed. The hypothesis of no associations between pairs of traits was tested by using Cramer's V. Key results There were highly significant (P < 0.01) differences in the distributions of variant phenotypes of all traits. The main comb type observed was single (85.9%), followed by pea (8.8%) and rose (5.3%). A majority of birds had small combs (57.8%), although others had medium (28.4%) and large (13.8%) combs. Females had small to medium combs, whereas males had medium to large combs. A majority of the chickens had white earlobe colour (60.3%), followed by pied red and white (22.5%). Feather distributions observed were normal feathered (84.4%), naked neck (8.4%) and frizzled (7.2%). Five plumage colours were observed, although some were in combinations. White plumage was the most common (22.5%), followed by black (18.8%), with brown/ash the least common (0.03%). Community was significantly (P < 0.01) associated with comb type, size and colour, and eye, shank and skin colours. Also, comb size was significantly associated with sex and comb type. Conclusions Generally, local chickens exhibited heterogynous phenotypes for qualitative traits. Local chickens in the district could be described as normally feathered with wide variation in plumage colours and having mainly single comb type. Implications The knowledge of these variant phenotypes and their associations will serve as baseline information for the characterisation and conservation of local chicken types. It could also provide guidelines in selecting bird ecotypes and/or communities for breed improvement programs in the study area.


In this editorial, I would like to go through some philosophical aspects in conceptual formulations. Diabetes has been defined as part of metabolic syndrome. Diabetes is associated with insulin deficiency either in concentration or function. This is the classical and traditional picture associated with diabetes type 2. Diabetic complications are also associated with these concepts involving the metabolic points of view.


Model based on canonical correlation analysis (CCA) and group method of data handling (GMDH) are explicate to obtain a better flood quantile estimation at ungauged sites. CCA is used to build a canonical physiographical space by applying the site characteristics from gauged station. Then GMDH model is used to distinguish the functional relationship between flood quantiles and the physiographic variables in the CCA space. The proposed model is applied to 70 catchments in Peninsular Malaysia. The jackknife procedure is used to evaluate the performance of proposed model. Result of proposed model compared with Traditional CCA model, linear regression (LR) model and GMDH model. The results indicated that the proposed model CCA-GMDH deliver the best performance among all models in terms of prediction accuracy.


It is highly desirable but remains challenging to develop efficient bifunctional electrocatalysts for both the oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution reactions (ORR/OER) in rechargeable metal–air batteries and unitized regenerative fuel cells. Herein, we developed a facile and cost-effective strategy to prepare a cobalt and nitrogen codoped three-dimensional (3D) graphene catalyst through inserting carbon nanospheres into the interlayers of graphene sheets. The catalyst exhibited not only excellent ORR performance but also excellent OER performance, and both were greatly enhanced by the insertion of carbon nanospheres. Its activities for the ORR/OER ranked among the best for doped carbon catalysts thus far reported. Its overall oxygen electrode activity parameter (ΔE) was as low as 0.807 V, which was much lower than that of Pt/C, and made it comparable with the best nonprecious metal based catalysts to date. Furthermore, the catalyst exhibited excellent stability toward ORR and OER, making it a new noble-m...


Substituted Aromatic(thio)ether nitro compounds are extremely important pharmaceutical intermediates.In this paper,FeCl3.6H2O/C-catalyzed hydrazine is used in the reduction of substituted aromatic(thio)ether nitro compounds,to produce high-yield and pure compounds.The process is easy to operate and simple post-processing features.It is also more suitable for industrial production because it is easy to control the reaction process,less demanding on the equipment,safe,reliable,and with minimum environmental pollution.Four test product yield was up to 85.0%~95.3%,with GC purity of 97.6%~99.3%.


Objectives: Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) was a marker for heart failure and cardiac wall tension. We analysed the trend of BNP after predischarge testing in order to get non-invasive details about the cardiac stress during predischarge testing.


AS D. B. LINDENMAYER ET AL. POINT OUT ("Global decline in large old trees," Perspectives, 7 December 2012, p. 1305), large old trees play a key ecological role in many different environments, and their observed decline may have disastrous consequences for biodiversity and ecosystem integrity. However, the value of large trees as part of our cultural heritage, often neglected in conservation, may be essential for addressing the problem of their global decline. Old trees span several human generations and thereby constitute a living link between them. Cultural, religious, spiritual, and symbolic values of the large trees, as well as indigenous communities' reliance on services provided by them, provide a firm foundation for practical conservation. In many cases, the general society's preferences concerning large trees may coincide with the broad conservation interest (1). Moreover, large trees wake emotions, appeal to our aesthetic sentiments, and are often perceived as important landmarks. In this sense, they may be perfect fl agship elements of the conservation strategies. For example, a concern for big trees in the beginning of the 20th century led to action that Old Trees: Extraction, Conservation Can Coexist


This paper presents a distributed algorithm for multi-spectral image segmentation. Regions of the image are processed separately and then the results are combined. For this, the algorithm employs two types of clustering algorithms, each specialized in its task and steered toward obtaining a final meaningful segmentation. The workers use an iterative clustering algorithm which is an extension of fuzzy c-means that uses spatial information and a spectral compatibility heuristic. An agglomerative clustering algorithm is used by the master to combine the partial results. The algorithm is used for the segmentation of satellite images coming from the MODIS sensor aboard the Terra and Aqua satellites. The quality of the segmentation results and the speedups obtained by using the grid are discussed.


There has been considerable interest recently in the polarization-dependent quark distributions of a transversely polarized nucleon [1—4]. These distributions, which are on the same footing as those of an unpolarized or longitudinally polarized nucleon, are just as important for characterizing the nucleon's high-energy structure. Being imiversal quantities, meaning that they describe the nucleon rather than a particular process, these distributions can be measured in a variety of experiments involving large momentum transfers. Although at present no parton distribution can be calculated ab initio from /CD, nonetheless this may eventually become possible. A very interesting distribution hq (2:), called the transversity distribution in Ref. [2], was first identified by Ralston and Soper. That this involves a helicity Hip of the participating quark was recognized by Artu and Mekhfi [1]. The hq(z) is a twist-two quantity, meaning that it enters into the cross section of a hard process, such as Drell-Yan lepton pair production, imsuppressed by inverse powers of the hard momentum Q. It has been proposed that hq(z) be measured using transversely polarized beams at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) [4]. The O(1/Q2), or twist-four, corrections to this process involve parton distributions with four partons. The purpose of this paper is to identify and classify these distributions and to express the DrellYan cross section in terms of them. Higher twist corrections, as is weH known, are notoriously complicated. Nonetheless, if one is to proceed beyond the naive parton model, it is necessary to identify all parton distributions which enter at higher twist, to study their symmetry properties, and to calculate their contributions to different hard processes. In contrast with simple distributions involving only two quark or gluon fields which occur at leading twist, higher twist distributions involve the matrix elements of the multiquark and gluon y —x


In the present work a simplified model, based on the parameterisation of a growing boundary layer over a coastal discontinuity , has been used to estimate the temporal evolution of the mixed layer height during the PianosaLab experimental campaigns. The bi-dimensional model was applied over the limited surface domain of the Pianosa island. The input parameters of the model derive from the sonic anemometer measurements collected at a ground site (Vaccari et al., same issue).


Based on the analysis of the logic relations between contexts, the study aims to emphasis the effects of language entirety and coherence towards listening comprehension ability development.


The incorporation of silicon into the hydroxyapatite lattice can improve the bioactivity ofhydroxyapatite.Silicon-substituted hydroxyapatite(Si-HA) has been prepared by incorporating a small amount of silicon into the structure of hydroxyapatite via an aqueous precipitation reaction.The interaction between Si-HA and bovine serum albumin(BSA) were characterized by FTIR,fluorescence spectra and XRD.The results indicate that the XRD spectra of Si-HA have the characteristic diffraction peaks of HA,and the incorporation of silicon changes the lattice of the crystal.The most notable effect of silicon substitution in FTIR spectra is that the stretching vibration band of —OH groups and PO3-4 groups decrease with the silicon contents increase.Silicon substitution appeares to affect the FTIR spectra of Si-HA and BSA.The absorption peak of amide group(—CONH2) in BSA is observed in Si-HA powder by FTIR spectra and the absorption peak of amide group in BSA solution alters and gradually blue shift after adding Si-HA powder from 2h to 3d.The fluorescence intensity of BSA decreases and red shift with the increase amounts of Si in Si-HA.The change of the fluorescence intensity in Si-HA is greater than that in HA,which suggests that Si-HA-BSA complexes have been formed by positive ion Ca2+ in Si-HA binding to negative ion —COO-in BSA and SiO4-4,PO3-4 in Si-HA binding to —NH2 in BSA.It can be assumed that Si-HA can bind to BSA and alter the hydrophobic environment on the surface of BSA molecules.On the basis of the results the bioactivity mechanism of Si-HA is discussed.


The present study deals with an attempt to develop hollow floating microspheres of Clarithromycin for gastro retention using Eudragit polymers prepared by emulsion solvent diffusion method. Eudragit S 100, RS 100, RL 100, L 100 and L 100 55 were used to prepare hollow microspheres. A drug – excipients compatibility study was performed using FTIR. The microspheres were characterized for shape and surface morphology by scanning electron microscopy. They were evaluated for particle size, flow properties, bulk density, % drug entrapment efficiency, floating properties and in-vitro drug release. The residual solvent content was determined after varying the stirring time. Drug to polymer ratio was varied from 1: 1 to 1: 3 and its effect on particle size and drug release was studied. The microspheres exhibited round shape, porous surface, prolonged drug release and buoyancy for more than eight hours. As the drug to polymer ratio increased the particle size increased and the drug release rate decreased. APHALE SANJIVANI Department of Pharmaceutics, Sinhgad Institute of Pharmacy, Off Kashibai Navale Hospital, STES Campus, Narhe, Pune -411041, India NOVEL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM


Intelligent gas monitoring system is having its widespread applications. It essentially requires an accurate classification with precise quantification of gases/odors. Although, gas sensor arrays are capable of generating signatures however, mostly these signatures are complex and have subtle information. Therefore, in this paper, an efficient sensory system has been proposed for intelligent gas monitoring. Concept of analysis space transformation has been utilized for accurate classification of gases/ odors. Also, the drawback of data preprocessing in quantification has been illustrated by comparing the quantifier performance for the processed and raw responses. Further, the proposed sensory system has elevated the classification accuracy from 96% to 98.74% along with the quantification accuracy from 17.65% to 94%.


Cabbage was transplanted on 16 Jun at the Vegetable Crops Research Farm near Geneva, NY. Plots consisted of two 10 ft rows on 36 inch centers with 18 inch plant spacing. Treatments were replicated 3 times in a randomized complete block design. A backpack sprayer with a one-row boom, having 3 nozzles per row with HC 12 hollow cone tips, and delivering 38 gal/acre at 40 psi and 2 mph, was used to apply applications of each treatment. Javelin at 1.0 lb/acre was added to M-pede, Cygon and the check treatments to control Lepidoptera and insure readable plants at harvest. Bond sticker-spreader was applied at .01% v/v with all treatments. Treatments were applied on 27 Jul, 6, 14, 27 Aug, 4, 11, 18 Sep and 2 Oct. Harvest evaluations for thrips were made on 8 Oct. Evaluations for thrips damage were made by randomly selecting 2 mature heads per plot, cutting them in half along the core, and peeling back 10 layers. Each layer was assessed for the presence of thrips injury. The overall damage rating (intensity of injury plus the number of layers injured) was also made on a scale of 0 (no damage) to 4 (each of the 10 leaves severely injured). Data were analyzed by a two-way ANOVA. For analysis of damage ratings we used the average damage rating per replicate, transformed this to a rank, and analyzed ranks. For layers injured, we used the average number of layers per two plants in a replicate and then analyzed these averages.


At first, the characteristics of surface air temperature and precipitation at Haibei Alpine Meadow Ecosystem Research Station in the recent 40 years were analyzed. Then, on the basis of investigation of different vegetaton type distributions and the measurements of above-and bellow-ground diomass of Haibei alpine meadow ecosystem in the recent 20 years, the backgrounds of vegetation distribution were analyzed and generalized. At the same time, the influence of the meteorological condition on machanism and relation of herbage yield, as well as the response of alpine meadow vegetation to the global warming were discussed. Its aim is to provide the database and basis for studing the structare, function, energy flow, substance cycle, and raising the estabishment of biological productivity pattern in alpine meadow ecosystem, and also to provide the basic background about climate and vegetation for different field researchs at Haibei Station.


When an omnidirectional projector and hydrophone are closely spaced and in shallow water, and sound is transmitted from one to the other, a large interference signal is superimposed on the direct signal. If the received signal is plotted as a function of frequency, as in a calibration measurement, the interference signal amplitude appears to be an inconsistent series of irregular sharp peaks and dips. A mathematical analysis of the condition where the transducers are midway between a water‐air surface and a bubble‐covered bottom shows that the shape, amplitude, and frequency of the interference pattern are predictable as the result of a large number of multireflection paths.


Free radicals are harmful macromolecules that interact with lipids, nucleic acids and carbohydrates inside cells. The high level of ROS present in the cell leads to major health issues such as diabetes, hypertension, cancer and oxidative stress. In the current study, Cyperus rotundus (C.rotundus), Tinospora cordifolia (T.cordifolia) and their formulations were evaluated for their phytochemical content, functional group identification by FT-IR and In vitro free radical scavenging activity. The phytochemical analysis showed that the ethanolic extracts had more secondary metabolites like flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, and phenolic compounds than the extracts from the other solvents. Compared to the standard ascorbic acid, the ethanolic extract exhibited good free radical scavenging activity against DPPH, ABTS, hydrogen peroxide and superoxide and an elevated level of activity was observed with the increased concentration of the extract. The ethanolic extracts of C.rotundus, T.cordifolia and their formulation were investigated using FT-IR spectroscopy, which revealed the presence of unique functional groups such as primary as well as secondary amines, alkenes, nitro compounds and alkylhalides. In an In vitro model, the current finding demonstrates the anti-oxidant effectiveness of C.rotundus and T.cordifolia. Hence, further studies are warranted and it might eventually be utilized as a possible medicament for treating diseases.