Given the current context of economic crisis, which increases the need to invest and innovate in order to boost growth, the general attention turns to the urgent need to use natural resources in a responsible and sustainable manner, as regarding to the withdrawal of economic benefits. Although tourism is responsible for producing internal and external currencies in places where it occurs, changes in the local community and landscapes are often verified, conflicts, cultural threats and impacts under the territory and biodiversity (Korossy, 2008; Rodrigues & Amarante-Junior, 2009). In this sense, the World Tourism Organization (World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), 2013) reiterates that tourism is an economic engine and contributor to all three pillars of sustainable development: economic, environmental and social. However, in Portugal, the challenge lies in the fact that tourism planning takes the environment and the community as silent stakeholders, with reduced participation, consequently leading to a lack of appreciation and integration of values and vision of the community (Simao & Partidario, 2012). Assuming the idea of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment that biodiversity and human well-being are inextricably linked (Pereira et al., 2009), and that the opportunities for recreation and leisure activities increase in areas with preserved natural resources (Kent, Diduck, & Sinclair, 2012; Little, 2012; Michimi & Wimberly, 2012); it is also assumed that the use of natural resources to promote tourism, bring associated economic impacts (Figueroa & Pasten, 2013) as well as other impacts on quality of life and human well-being (Chancellor, Yu, & Cole, 2011; Meleddu, 2013). The research focuses on the case study of the sub-region of the Alentejo Litoral (NUT III), in Portugal, comprising five municipalities that host three protected areas belonging to the National Network of Protected Areas of the Institute for Nature Conservation and Forestry. Preceding research recognizes that the effectiveness of sustainable tourism development in this region is dependent not only on its natural conditions, but also on the balance and stability of social and economic conditions (Pinheiro, Soares, & Azevedo, 2010; Serdoura, Moreira, & Almeida, 2009). Thereby, participatory solutions involving representatives of different stakeholders in the region have been sought, with the aim of seeking the general consensus on the value that natural heritage can bring for tourism and thus on the need to respect the requirements of nature protection and conservation (Mendonca & Catita, 2013). However there is little information about the effective results of participation and its impacts in relation to its contribution to nature conservation and to the perception of human wellbeing. Considering the greater need and importance of promoting participation in nature tourism, the following question emerges: What is the contribution of participation in planning and development of nature tourism products for nature conservation and human well-being? Thus, in order to answer this question, the specific objectives of this research are: (i) to identify and analyze the elapsed participatory processes in planning and development of nature tourism, in the Alentejo Litoral region; (ii) to collect and analyze the perceptions of stakeholders in relation to participatory processes, and; (iii) to identify the impacts of participatory processes which affect nature conservation mechanisms and the perception of human well-being. Consequently, the research approach, based on qualitative and quantitative methods, focuses on building a diagnosis and assessment framework regarding the effects of participatory processes, based on their categorization, as well as the stakeholders involved, their perceptions, and the impacts assessed in terms of nature conservation and human well-being.


A multi-objective optimization model based on real time pricing, controllable load and a heuristic technique is proposed for household micro-grids. The objective of the model is to reduce the electricity bill cost and minimize the difference between the temperature of Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC), Electric Water Heater (EWH) and their user-defined target temperature. A hybrid coding differential evolution algorithm is used for the optimization of household appliance operation and resource management. In the model, the household appliances are classified into three types to better realize the optimization model. A heuristic technique is presented to set the target temperature of HVAC and EWH through real time pricing. Finally, the function of the model is verified through a real case study.


Stress is an important health area of concern among employees globally. The study was structured to
investigate the influence of occupational stress on the job involvement of workers. Stress is a complex
concept and it has drawn the attention of many to studying its consequences. The variables that were
considered includes age, gender, marital status, and types of organizations. These variables have been
identified as having implications for occupational stress which influences job involvement of workers in public
and private organizations. This is a cross-sectional survey. Questionnaire consisting of two standardized
scales (Occupational stress and Job involvement) were administered to 180 workers. One hypothesis was
raised and tested using t-test of independent. Results show that there is no significant influence of
occupational stress and job involvement of workers in public and private organizations (t = .905, df = 178,
p>.05). This study shows that occupational stress exerts strong influence on the job involvement of workers
in both private and public organizations. The implications of this study to both employees (public and private)
and employers and organizations were highlighted and recommendations made


We apply a quark model developed in earlier work to the spectrum of baryons with strangeness -2 and -3. The model describes a number of well-established baryons successfully, and application to cascade baryons allows the quantum numbers of some known states to be deduced. [JLAB-THY-07-728].


Reliability centred maintenance (RCM) represents a conception of using the feedback of power installations field operation in the predictive maintenance of such equipment based on their reliability calculations. The present paper proves, using new arguments, the influence of technological designs upon certain power apparatus maintenance strategies. From the analyses and considerations made, an obvious opportunity of more extended research in the field exists.


This article examines the ways in which the Robot Novels of Isaac Asimov provide a useful case study for important posthuman legal considerations. In advocating an understanding of law and justice that focuses on the spirit of justice as opposed to formalistic considerations, Asimov demonstrates the challenges that artificial intelligence or robots may pose to the posthuman legal system. It analyzes the legal concerns raised in each of the Robot Novels: The Caves of Steel (1954), The Naked Sun (1956), The Robots of Dawn (1983) and Robots and Empire (1985), and suggests that Asimov's portrayal of posthuman justice emphasizes the necessity of formulating "law" that is underpinned by a notion of the fundamental kinship of "intelligent" beings rather than a nominal equality within what is fundamentally a slave society. Law, Culture and the Humanities 2007; 3: 398—415


Using first-principle calculations in conjunction with the frozen-magnon technique we have calculated the exchange interactions and spin-wave dispersions in the series of the zincblende half-metallic II–V (CaZ, Z = N, P, As, Sb) ferromagnets. The calculated exchange constants are used to estimate the Curie temperature within the random phase approximation. The large Stoner gap in these alloys gives rise to well-defined undamped spin waves throughout the Brillouin zone. Moreover we show that the spin-wave stiffness constants for the considered systems are among the largest available for local moment ferromagnets. The predicted Curie temperature of half-metallic CaN is noticeably higher than the room temperature with respect to the other compounds, and thus we propose CaN as a promising candidate for future applications in spintronic devices.


The cultural landscape of George Town, Penang, Malaysia, embraces the historic enclave of George Town as well as a range of other significant colonial vestiges adjacent to the entrepot. Many of these landscapes cannot be isolated from the enclave as they are integral to and part of its cultural mosaic and character. Perhaps the most important are the Penang Hill hill-station landscape and the 'Waterfall' Botanic Gardens. The latter is an under-valued 'garden of the empire'—a garden that significantly underpinned the development and historical and botanical stature of the Singapore Botanic Gardens.This paper reviews the cultural significance of colonial botanic gardens as they were established around the world during the scientific explosion of the late 1800s. It addresses their position within World Heritage listings, and considers the role, significance and importance of the 'Waterfall' Botanic Gardens within this context, within the concept of 'cultural landscapes', and critiques its absence from the recent World Heritage Listing of the colonial enclaves of Georgetown and Meleka in Malaysia.


The reaction of cytochrome P450cam with aryldiazenes (ArNNH) yields σ-bonded iron−aryl (Fe−aryl) complexes. Oxidation of the complexes causes regioselective migration of the aryl group from the iron to the porphyrin nitrogens. The influence of high pressure on the formation and rearrangement of the Fe−aryl complexes is reported here. The natural logarithm of the rate of formation of the Fe−phenyl complex decreases linearly with pressure with a volume of activation of 38.2 mL mol-1. The Fe−phenyl, Fe−(2-naphthyl), and Fe−(p-biphenyl) complexes are stable at atmospheric pressure but decompose in a pressure-dependent manner at pressures above 1500 (Fe−phenyl) or 2500 bar (Fe−(2-naphthyl) or Fe−(p-biphenyl)). This pressure-induced decomposition results in formation of the N-arylprotoporphyrin IX adducts. The N-aryl porphyrin regioisomer patterns obtained by pressure-induced migration of the aryl groups (NB:NA:NC:ND, Ph, 10:14:33:43; 2-naphthyl, 12:13:37:38; p-biphenyl, 15:15:33:37) differ from those obtained ...


The tremendous increase in spatial database technology has created furious interest among the researchers to adopt new methodologies for discovery of interesting patterns among large databases. But the raw data gathered from various resources such as Geographic Information Systems (GIS), business organizations, medical databases, climatic, market survey, remote sensing and several other resources might consist of data, which can be relevant, irrelevant or noisy in nature. However, retrieval of patterns from such databases can lead to serious concerns, which can frame inconsistent or irrelevant futuristic results. To deal with such issues, feature selection techniques are adopted to remove irrelevant, redundant and noisy features. Our approach focuses on retrieval of effective and efficient spatial clusters from large number of medical databases. In this chapter, we have defined our novel framework SpaGrid and SPAM algorithm to retrieve clusters of variant shape and size from large databases. The application of our framework is used with spatial medical databases where the implementation details are discussed with Matlab 7.1. Ritu Chauhan Amity University, India Harleen Kaur Hamdard University, India


A boron-loaded liquid scintillator (LS) has been optimized for neutron detection application in a high gamma field environment. It is composed of the solvent linear alkylbenzene (LAB), a boroncontaining material, o-carborane (C2B10H12); a fluor, 2,5-diphenyloxazole (PPO); and a wavelength shifter, 1,4-bis[2-methylstyryl] benzene (bis-MSB). Preparation of the liquid scintillator and optimization of its chemical composition are described. The boronloaded LS has been tested with a neutron beam at the National Research Universal (NRU) reactor. A peak at an equivalent energy of 60 keV is observed in the energy spectrum and is attributed to neutrons. The results confirm the possibility of using B-10 loaded scintillator as a sensitive medium for neutron detection in a relatively large background of gamma rays.


Organizational change creates uncertainty and stimulates fairness judgments of employees, which are important determinants of employee attitudes and behaviors. This study investigated the antecedents of employees' change-related fairness perceptions. Drawing on change implementation literature, attribution theory, and personality research, the authors examined how the effect of management's change support on individuals' change fairness perceptions is moderated by change attributions and employees' conscientiousness level. Using multilevel data from 693 employees in 29 organizations engaged in a variety of changes, hierarchical linear modeling analysis indicated that the relationships between managements' change support and individual employees' change fairness perceptions were positive in most conditions. The exception was when the change was externally attributed to conditions not controllable by the management and when the affected employees had lower levels of conscientiousness.


The standard air tightness test of containers is based on measurement of global parameters as the outlet of a specific gas, detected by specialised mass spectrometers. The identification and location of air leakages is extremely important especially for the container manufacturer. At the same time, the measure of the mass flux is of importance. IR Thermography has been successfully applied for leakages detection on buildings, but unfortunately, the noise due to The standard air tightness test of containers is based on measurement of global parameters as the outlet of a specific gas, detected by specialised mass spectrometers. The identification and location of air leakages is extremely important especially for the container manufacturer. At the same time, the measure of the mass flux is of importance. IR Thermography has been successfully applied for leakage detection on buildings, but unfortunately, the noise due to environment limits its applicability, particularly in case of a small flux. A new thermal procedure has been developed for the leakage detection. The technique is based on the stimulation of the envelope with a low oscillating heat flux and lock-in analysis. An airflow is injected, with a harmonically varying flowrate and a slightly higher temperature than the ambient. Then, the thermograms sequence is analyzed in the frequency domain. A review of quantitative techniques for the convective heat exchange measurement is reported. The procedure has been utilized for special containers used for both transport and exhibition of pictures inside museums. Tests performed before and after gaskets improvements show the capability of the technique to estimate qualitatively the airflow.


[Objective]To understand the epidemiological characteristic of mumps in Pinggu District in Beijing in 2008,and provide evidence for making local preventive measures.[Methods]The cases of mumps of Pinggu District in 2008 were analyzed with descriptive epidemiological methods.[Results]In 2008,totally 64 mump cases were reported and the incidence was 16/100 000 without death case.The peak age of onset concentrated in kindergarten children aged 4~12 years,primary and secondary school students.The proportion of male cases was more than that of female.There was no significant difference in season or region(urban and rural areas).[Conclusion]The incidence of mumps maintains a low level which indicates that the control measures are effective and the strengthening control measure of mumps vaccination should continue to improve the level of population immunity.


This paper first analyzes the mechanism of vibration noise and torque ripple of the switched reluctance motor, and then studies methods of reducing torque ripple and noise reduction according to the principle. In order to reduce the noise, two-step phase conduction is proposed when motor starts. Meanwhile, each phase of the shutoff in advance will be replaced by reducing duty ratio slowly. In order to reduce torque pulsation, loop inner ring of the double closed ring in low speed control was proposed that phase current closed-loop was segmented according to the sine cosine curve and duty ratio was controlled in outer ring of loop to maintain torque constantly; Finally, the experiment proves that the method has a good inhibition effect on the noise reduction and torque ripple for the switched reluctance motor.


This paper starts with informational fairness in the service market, reviews the theory of informational fairness and then analyzes the dynamic transformation of the service enterprises' quality behavior and informational behavior under different environment. It further explores the role government, trade organization, consumer association, news media, staffs in service enterprises and customers should play in keeping the service enterprise from degenerating and creating a good environment with open information.


[Objective]To know the contamination status and drug resistance of Listeria monocytogenes(LM) in food in Mianyang city,provide the scientific evidence for prevention and control of food-borne disease caused by Listeria monocytogenes. [Methods]The method of GB 4789.30-2010 was adopted to isolate LM,API-LISTERIA biochemical identification strips were applied to identify LM,and drug sensitivity test was conducted by K-B method. [Results]Among 144 food samples,11 strains of LM were detected,and the total detection rate was 9.7%.The raw aquatic products,raw poultry,raw meat and bean products were polluted by LM,which the detection rate was 33.3%,26.7%,6.7% and 6.7% respectively.All of 11 LM strains were sensitive to ampicillin,amoxicillin/clavulanic acid,compound sinomin,sulfapyrimidine,gentamicin,amikacin,ciprofloxacin,cephalothin and chloramghenicol.No strain was sensitive to cefatriaxone and cephalothin. [Conclusion]Some food was polluted by LM in Mianyang city,contamination status of raw aquatic products was the most serious,followed by raw poultry,and there was a potential risk of food-borne diseases of LM.The drug resistance of LM is low,and it is sensitive to several antibiotics.In order to ensure the food safety and human's health,it is necessary to pay attention to the contamination status of food-borne LM and strengthen the resistance surveillance.


Whitman uses the meditative catalog to depict and convey his subjective experiences to the reader. We argue that this type of catalog is a poetic realization of the meditative technique of mindfulness. In analyzing examples of such a catalog, using a cognitive-poetic approach, one can illuminate both the process of mindfulness and its literary depiction. Apart from being a depiction of ongoing perceptual experience, one especially involving the visual, auditory and olfactory senses, the catalog also presents instances of physiognomic perception and other syncretic phenomena. It is from the poet's detailed depiction of his own subjective experience that one can glean insight into the meditative experience.


To fulfill the needs of automotive industries, an automatic control system is designed, based on PLC and SCADA. Automation can be precise as the technology where the human intervention is minimized. In this paper we are proposing a reasonable method to improve the availability of the system and increased production with reduced cost. Maintenance of historical data manually is very tedious process where the data loss occurs and also it consumes more time. The main aim of the work is to provide a Excel based reporting system which renders the historical data regarding the different elements like quality, process, maintenance and management ( parameters ) of a vehicle (paint shop) plant, Therefore, the vehicle processing in industries are controlled and monitored by SCADA(Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition System) interface to improve the speed, production cost and faster fault identification, with accurate and consistent information. – Siemens WinCC V7.0 SP1 in this case.


A method for generating atoms entangled states through the time evolution of Jaynes Cummings model with large detuning and detection of cavity fields is presented.


The article is specially based on the ideas of Jose Maria Pozuelo Ivancos and Itamar Even-Zohar. Firstly, it discusses the concept of canon, in a wide perspective and then it concentrates on specific questioning of school canonization of literature for children and young people, by addressing how it is selected and who selects the texts in school nowadayas. Throughout the article it is discussed, more or less directly and in their relationships with the educational system, aspects such as the formation of literary history, the criteria on which literary tradition is placed, the production of anthologies, the teaching of literature in different levels of education, and, specially, the agents involved in the process of canonization of literary works for children and young people in contemporary societies.


Eighty in vitro experiments were performed with single (n = 51) or multiple (n = 29) gallstones in order to find out which parameters are of prime importance for their disintegration by extracorporeal shock waves. A Dornier lithotripter and an upper limit of 1,500 discharges were employed.


HYPOTHESES: "The students of the classroom where the teacher set up citation quotas, in average, cites less non academic works than the students of the classroom where the teacher stressed on the diversity of information sources the students can use to develop their papers."
METHODS: The bibliographic references of 80 monographic works of undergraduate students from a private Peruvian university, enrolled in the course 'Writing and Discussion' were analyzed. The bibliographic references were divided in two groups: those belonging to the classroom where the teacher set up quotas for the number of texts found in the internet that could be cited and those belonging to the classroom where the teacher didn't set up quotas.
RESULTS: The hyphotesis was confirmed because it was found a significative difference in the number of non academic cites between the two classrooms (t=-4.009 , g.l.=78, p.0001). However the difference in the number of academic cites was too small and didn't get statistic significance. According to the r of Pearson coefficient there is a positive and strong correlation between the books category and the variable academic cites (p.001), while the categories newspapers, magazines and non academic web sites showed a negative and too weak relationship. With relation to the newspapers this inverse relationship was significative (p.05).
CONCLUSIONS: Even when the citation of texts found on the internet has become a mainstream practice, while the teachers set up specific rules and quotas for the number of texts found on the internet that can be cited, it is possible to control and, in the long term, reduce the negative impact caused for the use of non academic information sources or works non thrustworthy.


and a behaviorist consciousness to the social relations of the laboratory experiment. But not all Freudians are clinicians nor all clinicians Freudians; not all behaviorists are experimentalists (many are clinicians), nor are all experimentalists behaviorists. The authors surely know this. They may have a reason for choosing gross simplifications and for failing to explore their limits, but they do not let the reader in on it.


A field experiment was conducted during 2006-2013 on rice (Oryza sativa L.) - wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cropping system at research farm of Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of two rates of phosphorus (P) application, viz. 0 and 30 kg P2O5/ha to rice in rice-wheat sequence on soil organic C pools. Phosphorus was applied through either single super phosphate (SSP) or rock phosphate (RP) with and without farmyard manure (FYM). After 7 years of cropping total organic carbon (TOC) and labile C fractions were higher under FYM and RP treated plots and the lowest in unfertilized control. Plots treated with FYM and fertilizer-P either individually or in combination significantly (P<0.05) increased TOC and water extractable organic C (WEOC) in surface (0-7.5 cm) and subsurface (7.5-15 cm) soil. Beneficial effects of fertilizer-P application through RP were lower than SSP. Potassium permanganate oxidizable C (KMnO4-C) comprised the largest labile pool of soil organic C and represented 13.6% of TOC. Carbon management index (CMI) improved with FYM and fertilizer-P applications indicating the favorable impact of these treatments on C stabilization in soil. Conjoint application of FYM and RP improved soil organic C pools to a greater extent than their individual application, suggesting the need for integrated use of FYM and RP in these alluvial soils.


Covid-19 affected educational institutions worldwide, and many moved
 online engaging in Emergency Remote Teaching and Learning (ERTL). It had a
 particular impact in Japan due to the low levels of computer usage in
 Japanese educational institutions and a reliance on traditional methods.
 This study uses semi-structured interviews with five participants to explore
 their perceptions of the move to online learning in a Japanese university
 context. Four factors emerged as significant: participants' experiences
 prior to entering university; the importance of Social Networking Systems
 (SNS) in the process of becoming part of the university academic community;
 changes in spoken interactional patterns; and changes in learning patterns.
 It was found that the disruption due to ERTL led to fresh ways to learn and
 promoted an inclusive environment.


Introduction: Atrophy of spinal muscles is associated with degenerative disc disease, alignment disorders and eventually back pain. Diffusion-weighted (DW) MRI of skeletal muscle has been proposed as a sensitive marker of denervation-induced muscle atrophy [1]. However, DW-MRI of spinal muscles remains challenging due to the muscle short T2 and the sensitivity of single-shot EPI to off-resonance effects. Stimulated-echo preparation has been used to overcome the SNR limitations in muscle DW EPI (enabling eddy current compensation without additional TE increase [2]) and has been recently combined with parallel imaging [3]. However, the use of phased array coils to increase the phase encoding bandwidth depends on the sensitivity profiles of the receiver coils and is not in general feasible in spine DWI. Reducing the FOV in the phase encoding direction is another way to increase the spatial resolution of localized muscle DWI scans without lengthening the readout with the additional benefit of excluding the artifact prone regions of the FOV. There have been a number of techniques proposed to reduce the FOV in spin-echo prepared DW-EPI of white matter regions, including outer volume suppression [4] and 2D RF excitation [5]. Outer volume suppression is limited by the performance of the regional saturation pulses and 2D RF excitation can increase the echo time. Multi-slice inner volume imaging has been also achieved in twice-refocused spin-echo (TRSE) acquisitions, by making the two refocusing pulses selective in the phase encoding direction [6]. The latter approach can provide good inner volume excitation profiles with modest decrease in SNR for interleaved multi-slice acquisitions, but it has been studied only in the context of spin-echo preparation [6]. Goal of the present work is the development of a DW stimulated echo sequence with interleaved multi-slice inner volume imaging to improve the resolution of spinal muscle DWI. Materials & Methods: Pulse sequence description: Refocusing pulses selective in the phase encoding direction are added before the second 90o pulse and after the third 90o pulse of a stimulated echo prepared DW-EPI sequence with eddy current compensation [2] (Fig 1a). Fig. 1b shows the magnetization evolution while imaging slice 1 in an interleaved acquisition of 2 slices. By setting the area of crushers around the refocusing pulses (A1 and A2) not equal, the magnetization within slice 1 outside the inner volume of interest is dephased and the desired inner volume excitation is achieved. The first 90o pulse is a fat suppressive spatial spectral excitation pulse. In vivo measurements: A head-neck-spine array coil was used to scan the lumbar spine muscles of one healthy subject on a 3 T full-body GE scanner. DWI measurements were performed using the reduced-FOV sequence of Fig. 1a with the following parameters: TR/TE=8000/40 ms, FOV=32x9 cm, 4 slices with 12 mm thickness, 128x40 matrix size, 8 overscans, δ/Δ=5/170 ms, 3 directions, Nex=16, b=500 s/mm with as scan time of 8 min and 32 s. The same region was also scanned with the full-FOV stimulated echo sequence [2] with the same parameters except for: TE=31 ms, FOV=32x32 cm, 128x128 matrix size. A T2-weighted FSE scan using IDEAL for fat suppression was also acquired for anatomical reference. Results & Discussion: Sequence tradeoffs: The addition of the two refocusing pulses increases the echo time by 2d where d is the duration of the added refocusing pulse with the accompagnying crushers. The T2 and T1 relaxation-induced signal loss of the proposed sequence is compared with the relaxation induced signal loss of the inner volume TRSE sequence [6]. The proposed sequence leads to higher SNR than the inner volume TRSE for b>500 s/mm (Fig. 2a). Another important aspect of sequences with excitation/refocusing slabs in the phase encoding direction is the characterization of the T1-induced longitudinal magnetization loss in multi-slice acquisitions [7,8]. The magnetization within the inner volume and outside the imaging slice experiences two 180o pulses separated by TM+2d. Since the SNR-optimal stimulated echo diffusion timing requires long TM [2], the proposed sequence when performing at optimal diffusion time Δopt enables multi-slice interleaved acquisition but with a considerable SNR loss (Fig. 2b). However, if the stimulated echo diffusion timing is modified such that the diffusion time Δ is 30% lower than the optimal diffusion time Δopt, a considerable increase of the longitudinal magnetization can be achieved for multi-slice interleaved acquisition (Fig. 2b) without significant loss of the transverse magnetization (Fig. 2a). In vivo results: Fig. 3 shows the cropped full-FOV and reducedFOV lumbar spine muscle DWI results (voxel size is 2.5x2.5x12 mm). Muscle contours have been drawn based on the T2-weighted FSE. The full-FOV EPI data suffer from significant geometric distortions, showing as compression of the erectus muscle anatomy in the A/P direction (arrow 1). The full-FOV data suffer also from fat-induced chemical shift artifacts that bias ADC (arrow 2). When comparing the reduced-FOV data with the full–FOV data, there is an expected SNR loss due to the reduction of the readout duration. However, the geometric distortions and the displacement of the chemical shift artifact are significantly reduced using the reduced-FOV acquisition (arrows 1 and 2). Conclusion: A reduced-FOV DW-EPI approach, combing stimulated echo preparation with inner volume multi-slice imaging is developed for immune to off-resonance effects DWI of spinal muscles. Future work could include application of this sequence for high resolution DWI in other short T2 tissues of the spine (marrow, disc). References: [1] Zhang et al, Exp Neurol 212:448, 2008, [2] Steidle et al, MRM. 55:541, 2006, [3] Karampinos et al, ISMRM 2010, p. 880, [4] Wilm et al, MRM 57:625, 2007, [5] Saritas et al, MRM 60:468, 2008, [6] Dowell et al, JMRI 29:454, 2009, [7] Jeong et al, MRM 54:1575, 2005, [8] Kim et al, JMRI 30: 1068, 2009. Acknowledgement: The present work was funded by NIH-R01 AG17762 and NIH-P30 AR058899. Fig. 3: In vivo lumbar spine muscles results. The dashed box shows the inner volume FOV. Fig. 1: (a) Schematic of pulse sequence diagram (diffusion gradients are in black and eddy current compensating gradients are in gray), (b) evolution of magnetization while imaging slice 1 in an interleaved acquisition of 2 slices.


The method for phase measurement by an interferometer having a filamentary spatial filter, (IFSF), [reported in Rev. Sci. Instrum. 50, 685 (1979) by the author] is much simplified and combined with the multipass interference method. The same accuracy, 2π/100, as the previous experiment is kept through measurements of multiplied phases up to the fifth order. The advantage in the principle of the improved method in comparison with conventional methods is distinctly discussed.


ABSTRACT Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT: Lent, Brown & Hackett, 1994, 1996) proposes that career interests, goals, and choices are related to self-efficacy beliefs and outcome expectations. Segal, Borgia, and Schoenfeld (2002) found the SCCT model predicted goals for an entrepreneurial career. In this exploratory research, we survey entrepreneurship educators to determine their perceptions of which classroom related activities best enhance student's entrepreneurial self-efficacy and outcome expectations. Based on this, we provide pedagogical recommendations that entrepreneurship educators may use to boost students' interests and goals for entrepreneurial careers. INTRODUCTION As career choices go, becoming an entrepreneur is one of the most risky and unstructured choices an individual can make (Campbell, 1992). Being an entrepreneur is often viewed as an aversive career choice where one is faced with everyday life and work situations that are fraught with increased uncertainty, impediments, failures, and frustrations associated with the process of new firm creation. It seems unlikely that an individual would make a goal for an entrepreneurial career if they did not feel confident to perform the necessary tasks associated with forming and developing his or her own business. Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT; Lent, Brown, & Hackett, 1994) is one of the most accepted and validated models discussed in the careers literature to understand career interests and goals (Gore & Leuwerke, 2000; Smith & Fouad, 1999; Swanson & Gore, 2000). It has been the basis for a growing and now established body of research in the career field (Fouad & Smith, 1996; Hackett & Lent, 1992; Lapan, Shaughnessy, & Boggs, 1996; Lopez, Lent, Brown, & Gore, 1997; Smith, 2002; Fouad, Smith, & Zao, 2002; Lent, Brown, Sheu, Schmidt, et al., 2005; Williams & Subich, 2006). Recent research (Segal, Borgia, and Schoenfeld, 2002) found the SCCT model strongly predicted predict interest and goals for an entrepreneurship as a career choice. THE SCCT MODEL OF CAREER CHOICE The career development process is affected by a variety of personal, environmental and situational factors that interrelate and change over the course of time. A number of theoretical works exist on the career development and selection process; however, the empirical evidence remains sketchy. Hackett and Lent (1992) suggested that the field would profit from theory-building efforts that "(a) bring together conceptually related constructs (e.g., self-concept, self-efficacy), (b) more fully explain outcomes that are common to a number of career theories (e.g., satisfaction, stability), and (c) account for the relations among seemingly diverse constructs (e.g., self-efficacy, interests, abilities, needs)". They presented a theoretical framework that attempted to explain central, dynamic processes and mechanisms through which career and academic interests develop, careerrelevant choices are forged and enacted, and performance outcomes are achieved. The model is anchored in social cognitive theory (Bandura, 1986) and highlights the importance of self-beliefs and self-thought in fostering an individual's motivation and subsequently guiding their behavior. Figure 1 illustrates the specific interrelatedness of the three main variables of the SCCT model, which affects the choice of career. These core variables are self-efficacy, which affects an individual's expectations for outcomes as well as their intentions towards performance, outcome expectations that affects their future performance or goals and, ultimately, their actual career goals. This career development theory may be particularly relevant for entrepreneurs. Krueger, Reilly, and Carsrud, (2000) compared models of entrepreneurial intentions to the ultimate choice of becoming an entrepreneur. Krueger et. al. (2000) suggested that intentions have proven to be the best predictor of planned behavior, particularly when that behavior is rare, hard to observe, or involves unpredictable time lags. …


Due to the progressing growth of temporal data, data analysis and exploration become more and more difficult task; particularly in the medical domain. For this reason, it seems important to use Decision Support System (DSS) based on the decisional tool Knowledge Discovery in Data (KDD) and the visualization techniques for assisting user to get and understand information. Our research is based on the visual representations of an existing KDD based DSS for the fight against nosocomial infections. In this paper, we are interested in proposing a method, focusing on the user evaluation of this system.


Listed here are the 2001 division and discussion group executive committees and some commit tees of the American Literature Section (see also the Directory of Useful Addresses). The years after the names of division and discussion group executive com mittee members are the final years of their terms. Unless oth erwise noted, the member whose final year is 2002 serves as the 2001 chair, the member whose final year is 2003 serves as the 2001 secretary and 2002 chair, and the member whose final year is 2004 serves as the 2002 secretary and 2003 chair. Division Executive Committees


The invention discloses an intermediate node protection method for a multicast label switched path and a device. The intermediate node protection method comprises the steps that: the backup path of an intermediate node to be protected is built, the backup path uses the upstream node of the intermediate node to be protected as a head node and uses the downstream node of the intermediate node to be protected as a tail node, and the intermediate node to be protected is not contained in the backup path; and when the intermediate node to be protected or a link from the intermediate node to be protected to the upstream node fails, the flow sent to the intermediate node to be protected by the head node of the backup path is switched onto the backup path to be sent to the downstream node of the intermediate node to be protected. The intermediate node protection method and the device have the advantages that when the head node of the transmission node protection multicast label switched path (TNP MLSP) detects that the intermediate node to be protected fails or the link from the intermediate node to be protected to the head node of the TNP MLSP fails, the flow flowing to the intermediate node to be protected can be switched onto the TNP MLSP, so the MLSP multicast flow loss is reduced.


Something horrible happens, and our minds play tricks on us, tell us that it never happened, that it occurred differently, or isn't quite what it seems. Such trickery, the psychiatrist George Vaillant tells us, is actually healthy. What's more, it can reveal the mind at its most creative and mature, soothing and protecting us in the face of unbearable reality, managing the unmanageable, ordering disorder. In "The Wisdom of the Ego", Vaillant gives us a look at how the mind's defences work, how they evolve and change, and so, change us. Freud tells us that the first five years of life constitute destiny. If this were so, Vaillant asks, then how is it that many deeply troubled youths become well-adjusted, productive adults? Drawing on the Study of Adult Development, this book takes us into the lives of such individuals - thriving men and women who suffered grievous disadvantages and abuses during childhood - to show us that the mind's remarkable defences develop well into adulthood, that the maladjustments of adolescence can evolve into the virtues of maturity. He introduces us to middle-aged men and women learning how to make love, to make meaning, to reorder chaos. Because he considers that creativity is so intrinsic to this alchemy of the ego, Vaillant mingles these life studies with psycho-biographies of famous artists. We meet Florence Nightingale, the intractable hypochondriac and hopeless dreamer who, at the age of 31 wrote in her diary, "I see nothing desirable but death", and watch as she transformd her anguish into altruism, her fantasies into success. In the tormented life of Sylvia Plath, we see psychosis as not only a defect but also an effort at repair, her poetry as an illustration of the adaptive process. We witness the working of the mind's defences in the career of Anna Freud, their greatest elucidator. And in the case of Eugene O'Neill, we enter the irony-filled borderland between madness and great art. In these portraits, Vaillant aims to chart the evolution of the ego's defences, from the psychopathic to the sublime, and from the mundane to the most ingenious.


Graph databases employ graph structures such as nodes, attributes and edges to model and store relationships among data. To access this data, graph query languages (GQL) such as Cypher are typically used, which might be difficult to master for end-users. In the context of relational databases, sequence to SQL models, which translate natural language questions to SQL queries, have been proposed. While these Neural Machine Translation (NMT) models increase the accessibility of relational databases, NMT models for graph databases are not yet available mainly due to the lack of suitable parallel training data. In this short paper we sketch an architecture which enables the generation of synthetic training data for the graph query language Cypher.


Ontologies, fundamental to the realization of the Semantic Web, provide a formal and precise conceptualization of a specific domain that can be used to describe resources on the Web. Reasoning over such resource descriptions is essential in order to facilitate automated processing using formal descriptions that are machine interpretable. In this context, Datalog (with extensions) can be used for rule-based reasoning with ontologies described with WSML, (a subset of) OWL-DL, RDF, RDFS and extensional RDFS. Furthermore, since Java is the chosen implementation platform for the majority of software prototypes from research, it becomes clear, that a good quality, open-source, Java-based Datalog reasoner is a prerequisite for much research in the field of semantics. The purpose of this paper is to present a reasoner that fills this gap. IRIS is an open-source Datalog engine, extended with XML Schema data types, built-in predicates, function symbols and Well-founded default negation. We outline the reasoner architecture, basic evaluation algorithms and various optimizations. Additionally we provide a comparison of the performance of IRIS with similar systems.


In the era of Software Defined Networks (SDNs), multi-policy resource management is extensively used to deliver ready-to-use media-optimized applications. Switches, ports and other shared resources are dynamically allocated to different flows, mostly based on priority. Such priority may be either externally set or computed depending upon various factors, such as flow package size, importance set by the user, age in the queue, etc. This resource schedule facilitates high speed communication under large scale distribution, efficiently manages the network bandwidth, and makes the resources available on demand while ensuring their efficient utilization. Keeping in mind the heterogeneity of network resources e.g., differences in capacity of handling workload, cost, energy consumption, and the (mostly) exponential distribution of flows granularity, a significant number of scheduling strategies has evolved in the literature of SDN. In this article we discuss such scheduling strategies, along with their advantages and disadvantages and we give a few research directions on the topic. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first article that focuses on scheduling strategies in SDN.


Objective To propose a novel method for image segmentation based on"catalyst" segmentation method.Methods Feeler image was imported into segmentation algorithm as the"catalyst",and whether the candidate nodes should stop segmentation or not was decided according to whether the catalyst appeared in the segmentation result.Results Image segmentation based on "catalyst" segmentation method could judge the right class number for segmented images.Conclusions Primary experiments shows that "catalyst" segmentation method is simple and useful.


Our Chapter in the upcoming Volume I: Computer Science and Software Engineering of Computing Handbook (Third edition), Allen Tucker, Teo Gonzales and Jorge L. Diaz-Herrera, editors, covers Algebraic Algorithms, both symbolic and numerical, for matrix computations and root-finding for polynomials and systems of polynomials equations. We cover part of these large subjects and include basic bibliography for further study. To meet space limitation we cite books, surveys, and comprehensive articles with pointers to further references, rather than including all the original technical papers.


Mitotic PtK1cells were treated both during mid‐anaphase and at furrow initiation with the potent microtubule (MT) stabilizing agent, taxol, to determine the role of MTs in the rate of cytokinetic events. Rates of cytokinesis (μm/min) were measured by changes in furrow diameter. Incubation of PtK1cells during mid‐anaphase with 5 μg/ml taxol slows the rate of cytokinesis by an average of 43%. Instead of furrow initiation to midbody formation taking an average of 10.7 min (1.6 μm/min), furrowing to midbody formation was completed in an average of 19.0 min (0.9 μm/min), which does not include the 7‐min period between taxol application in mid‐anaphase and furrow initiation. Application of 5 μg/ml taxol to cells at furrow initiation had a reduced effect on decreasing the rate of cytokinesis and midbody formation; furrowing to midbody formation took an average of 14.6 min (1.2 μm/min). These data suggest that delays in the rate of cytokinesis is dependent on the mitotic stage at which taxol is applied. Ultrastructural analysis shows that taxol treatment of anaphase cells prevents midbody formation during early G1, yet MT number and organization in the furrowed region is not significantly altered from untreated cells. There is little change in the organization and amount of contractile ring microfilaments, yet filaments are also found parallel to midbody MTs. Our results may be explained by the fact that taxol tends to stabilize MTs which probably affects the rate at which they depolymerize in the terminal phases of cytokinesis. Reduction in depolymerization rates of a stable population of MTs could serve to regulate the rate of cytokinesis.


Summary A relationship between the level of dissolved O2 in a product and the head-space volume of a sealed container after filling was derived. The validity of the relationship was confirmed by studies using both water and milk which had been subjected to ultra heat treatment (UHT), and stored in glass bottles. The relation held well for water, but some deviation was noted using milk. The relationship allowed selection of the processing conditions necessary for the manufacture of products with a desired dissolved O2 level. As part of this study a device was developed which permits continuous monitoring of dissolved O2 in sterile liquids being pumped between a container and an O2 sensor. Only very minor problems were encountered with the device through biological contamination or entry of atmospheric O2.


Electron probe microanalysis showed that Al-7Mg-Cu alloys possess serious segregation tendencies. The addition of copper promoted the segregation of magnesium and led to the formation of non-equilibrium eutectic. With an increase in the copper content of the alloys, the severity of the solute segregation increased. Homogenisation reduced the solute segregation significantly. During homogenisation, the non-equilibrium eutectic compound AlxCuyMgz gradually dissolved. Its dissolution behaviour depended on its copper content. Precipitates of AlxCuyMgz with a comparatively low level of copper dissolved while those with a high level of copper were less soluble and became divided into small blocks. The higher the copper content of the alloys, the larger and the greater in number the remaining AlxCuyMgz particles. In the undissolved AlxCuyMgz, the concentration of copper increased and that of magnesium decreased. Two step homogenisation reduced the solute segregation and dissolved the non-equilibrium eutectic further. (C) 1996 The Institute of Materials.


The intrinsic alignment (IA) of galaxies is potentially a major limitation in deriving cosmological constraints from weak lensing surveys. In order to investigate this effect we assign intrinsic shapes and orientations to galaxies in the light-cone output of the MICE simulation, spanning ∼ 5000deg 2 and reaching redshift 𝑧 = 1 . 4. This assignment is based on a 'semi-analytic' IA model that uses photometric properties of galaxies as well as the spin and shape of their host halos. Advancing on previous work, we include more realistic distributions of galaxyshapesandaluminositydependentgalaxy-haloalignment. TheIAmodelparametersarecalibratedagainst COSMOS and BOSS LOWZ observations. The null detection of IA in observations of blue galaxies is accounted for by setting random orientations for these objects. We compare the two-point alignment statistics measured in the simulation against predictions from the analytical IA models NLA and TATT over a wide range of scales, redshifts and luminosities for red and blue galaxies separately. We find that both models fit the measurements well at scales above 8 ℎ − 1 Mpc, while TATT outperforms NLA at smaller scales. The IA parameters derived from our fits are in broad agreement with various observational constraints from red galaxies. Lastly, we build a realistic source sample, mimicking DES Year 3 observations and use it to predict the IA contamination to the observed shear statistics. We find this prediction to be within the measurement uncertainty, which might be a consequence of the random alignment of blue galaxies in the simulation.


Twenty three final year BSc(Forestry) students along with their two Teachers from College Agriculture, University, Pasighat, Pradesh visited Rain Forest Research Institute, Jorhat on 2 nd May, 2022. At the outset, Dr. R. S. C. Jayaraj, Director, RFRI, Jorhat welcomed the students. Shri R. K. Kalita, Head, Extension Division, RFRI, Jorhat gave a detailed presentation on different activities of the Institute. He also sensitized the students on Bamboo and its multifarious applications. Dr. R. K. Borah, Group Coordinator (Research), RFRI, Jorhat gave an informative presentation on Agarwood. The students visited various laboratories and Dr. R. Barthakur, Shri Kumud Borah, TO and Shri N. C. Das, TO guided the students.


In this paper, a new design methodology and process is proposed for small scale pure hydrogen production capable of serving energy markets ranging from distributed generation to vehicular refuelling. The system was designed for producing 7 Nm 3 /hr pure hydrogen (purity of < 1ppm CO dry), yielding 10 kWe net power from a fuel cell system with an overall parasitic power loss < 10 %. The discussion of this process includes a detailed description of the design methodology and operational results of the catalytic converter, the hydrogen purification system and the fuel cell system. This paper will discuss the design methodology of the overall system, as well as the specific design of the catalytic converter, the catalysts used within, and the hydrogen purification system. It will also report the system performance including gas purity, recovery rate, overall hydrogen production efficiencies, and electrical efficiencies during fuel cell operation.


Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) has the advantage of increasing throughput and the number of access users than conventional orthogonal multiple access (OMA), which has been paid a lot of attention in multi-beam Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite system. Power allocation is an indispensable step in NOMA system, which is closely related to throughput. Aiming at maximizing the throughput of the downlink multi-beam LEO satellite system, power allocation is formulated as a non-convex optimization problem. According to the characteristics of power allocation problem, we propose two heuristic algorithms based on genetic algorithm (GA) and differential evolution (DE) algorithm to solve power allocation problem, which can not only increase system throughput, but also stay robust when faced with different minimum receiving user rate (MRUR) and satellite altitudes. Finally, the simulation results are provided for demonstrating the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed algorithms.


The circulating soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE) has been proposed as a biomarker of diabetes complications in adults. In the TODAY study of youth with T2D, we measured sRAGE 3 times at: randomization (T1), glycemic failure (HbA1c≥8%) on randomized treatment or midpoint in study (T2), and end of follow-up (T3). Of TODAY subjects, 165 lost glycemic control with HbA1c ≥ 8% (G1) and 135 maintained HbA1c < 8% (G2)]. Controls [n=99, HbA1 5% (4.9, 5.2), with similar obesity, sex (60% female), race-ethnicity, median age 24 (21, 27) years as the TODAY cohort at T3] had sRAGE measured once. Multivariable models examined the relationship of sRAGE with nephropathy [urine albumin: creatinine (UACR) ≥30 mg/g, hyperfiltration (eGFR ≥135 ml/min/1.73m2)] and vascular measures [pulse wave velocity (PWV), augmentation index (AI)], adjusting for treatment, diabetes duration, HbA1c, BMI, age, sex, and race-ethnicity. At T1, the T2D youth groups had similar age (13.9 yrs), diabetes duration (0.7 yrs), and sex (60% female). sRAGE concentrations were lower in T2D vs. controls (752.8±308.3 vs. 954.4 ± 356.7 pg/ml, p<0.0001) at T3. By T3 (mean duration 7 yrs), sRAGE levels decreased compared with T1 and T2 in G1 vs. G2 (p<0.05). sRAGE concentrations were 711.9±294.1 vs. 802.7±318.9 pg/ml, p=0.0032 in G1 vs. G2 at T3, with no significant difference by treatment. HbA1c was inversely related with sRAGE. Higher sRAGE concentrations were associated with a lower risk of hyperfiltration (HR=0.93, 95% CI 0.86-0.99, p=0.03) and inversely related to eGFR (p<0.001); no relationships were observed with UACR, PWV, or AI. sRAGE levels decline overtime in youth with T2D, are inversely related to glycemia, and may serve as a biomarker of kidney function.

 F.Bacha: Other Relationship; Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., AstraZeneca. E.M.Urbina: Advisory Panel; Astellas Pharma Inc., Other Relationship; Targus Medical, Inc. S.Gidding: Consultant; ESPERION Therapeutics, Inc. V.M.Monnier: None. L.El ghormli: None. K.Drews: None. B.H.Braffett: None.

 National Institutes of Health (5U01DK061230-16)


Routing plays a vital role in transmission of data from one node to another in interconnection networks and also used to determine the performance of the network . In this paper the shortest path routing for Exchanged Folded Hypercube is proposed whose diameter is s+t when s≤2 and t≤2.we have also provided the conditions for determining the path from node u to node v in graph EFH(s,t) which determines a path of length s+t . We have also shown the broadcasting communication from the source node to different destination nodes by using improved exchanged tree which is a spanning tree and having the properties of binary tree.


This research investigates the persuasive language in advertisement analyzed from rhetorical discourse and rhetoric expression. This research focusses on two main problems: (1) Rhetorical discourse that shows the persuasion in insurance advertisements and (2) The types of rhetoric expression used in insurance advertisement. This research uses a descriptive qualitative method because the data of this research are the form of spoken and written text. The data in this research are all sentences, utterances and pictures in insurance advertisements which contain and perform persuasion. This research uses Herrick's (2000) theory to analyze the data of rhetorical discourse and Fromilhague's (1995) theory to analyze the data of rhetoric expression. Based on the data analysis, this research shows some findings. From the twenty eight data of rhetorical discourse which are taken in the eight advertisement, there are eight data using argument, six data using appeals, eight data using arrangement and six data using aesthetics. From all advertisement, argument and arrangement are the resource of symbol systems that are always used. Next, the rhetoric expression in the insurance are found in twenty three data which are taken from eight commercial advertisement; one data of assonance, four data of rhyme, two data of anaphora, four data of alliteration, two data of apostrophe, four data of climax, two data of parallelism, one data of synecdoche, two data of rhetorical question and one data of hyperbole.


An investigation is reported of the influence of nonequilibrium electrons on the critical current of a superconducting contact subjected to an external hf field. It is shown that the effective cooling of electrons trapped in the region of the contact which has a lower value of the gap may result in a considerable increase of the critical current. The maximum critical current is found and a study is made of the dependence of this current on the power at various temperatures. On approach of the critical temperature there should be a transition from stimulation to suppression of superconductivity in the contact, which agrees with the experimental results. The frequency limits of the existence of the effect are estimated.


In the title compound, [Ni(C13H11N3OS)(NH3)], the Ni atom is four-coordinate, with a distorted square-planar geometry. The 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde 4-methylthiosemicarbazonate ligand coordinates in a tridentate manner through the S, imine-N and O atoms, the ammonia molecule completing the coordination. The molecules are connected by N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds, through c-glide-plane translations, forming extended chains.


There may be places in Oregon that are more isolated from their centers of population -towns like Wagontire, Lonerock, and Remote-but Rajneeshpuram is hard enough to reach. The drive from Portland to its site in the central basin of the John Day River covers 175 miles. The hundred square miles of Rajneesh properties spanned two counties. The offices of Jefferson County were seventy miles away in Madras, population 2,235 in 1987. The offices of Wasco County were ninety miles distant in The Dalles, population 10,265. A circle of a hundred miles circumference centered on Rajneeshpuram embraces only one town of more than 1000 residents and one additional town of more than 500. Between 1981 and 1985, followers of Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh built a substantial utopia in the solitude of eastern Oregon. The instant community promised spiritual reassurance, material comfort, and opportunities for worldly achievement for a population that was officially planned for 3,700 and sometimes projected to reach the tens of thousands.1 It also offered the chance to build a carefully planned new city. At its peak in 1984, Rajneeshpuram housed between 2,000 1. City of Rajneeshpuram, Comprehensive Plan (Rajneeshpuram, Ore.,


In fractured reservoirs primary production of heavy oil is mainly from fractures (secondary porosity). Matrix oil can be produced only at a very low rate because of low oil mobility. In this paper, in-situ combustion is considered as an EOR method. Experiments are described which show that the burning process is governed by diffusion of oxygen from the fractures into the matrix. The main oil-production mechanisms were found to be thermal expansion and evaporation with subsequent condensation of the oil from the matrix. A semi-two-dimensional (2D) numerical simulator has been constructed for modeling the process. It incorporates the main physical mechanisms as found in the experiments; heat losses to cap or base rock and gravitational effects are not included. The model predicts that in-situ combustion in fractured reservoirs is feasible and will have a high recovery efficiency in the swept zone. Oxygen breakthrough was observed when the air-injection rate exceeded a critical value predominantly determined by the fracture spacing. This phenomenon and also the shape and width of the combustion zone can be explained by a simple analytical model, which is in fair agreement with the simulator results. The effect of heat losses on the velocity of the combustion frontmore » is estimated and a lower bound for the injection rate can be obtained in this way. Combining this lower bound with the upper bound for oxygen breakthrough leads to a maximum value for fracture spacing. This distance will be on the order of 1 m (3.28 ft). The conclusion is that in-situ combustion appears to be a feasible process in a naturally fractured reservoir with a high recovery in the swept zone. However, for predictions for a particular reservoir, vertical sweep efficiency should be taken into account.« less


SIR,-Mr. Paul Bernard Roth's letter (October 29th, p. 816) prompts me to make a few remarks, not only on the treatment of osteomyelitis, but on the treatment and " dressing " of wounds in general. It is probable that ill the aggregate more unnecessary suffering is caused by the senseless dressing of wounds than by all the major procedures of surgery. These last are at least mitigated by the appropriate use of anaesthetics and anodynes. During the war I saw a distinguished surgeon visit a case of guillotine amputation through the leg in an officers' hospital. He decided, for no very obvious reason, that it must be " dressed." Slowly and very painfully a piece of perfectly harmless adherent gauze was dragged from the raw surface of the stump, being moistened from time to time with trickles of lotion and separated by pulling with forceps. Eventually the stump was exposed and a few flakes of yellow lymph showed on its surface. The surgeon took a gauze swab and dabbed at one of these, and the patient winced with pain. The surgeon did this four times, and then he covered the wound with gauze, wool, and bandage. The patient was left to wait in dread for the ordeal of the next " dressing." What purpose was served by this senseless procedure it is impossible to conceive. Yet it is done every day in countless numbers of cases by surgeons, dressers, and nurses. Few surgeons, and fewer nurses, seem to realize that in the absence of virulent infection (which is easily recognized) the decomposing discharges from a granulating wound, although teeming with saprophytic organisms and stinking, are nevertheless quite harmless on the surface of the body ; they are not absorbed to an appreciable extent from an open wound, and they are the best possible culture medium for growing cells. About twenty-five years ago, when I was a housesurgeon at Guy's, a man came to the hospital with his fingers and hand badly burnt by molten metal. He was given an anaesthetic, and the raw surfaces were carefully cleaned with normal saline solution. They were then completely covered with Thiersch skin grafts taken from his thigh. Each finger and the hand were then dressedl with plain sterile gauze wet with saline solution, and the whole hand was enveloped in a voluminous dressing of gauze and wool. The man attended for inspection every day, and, as no signs of virulent infection appeared, the dressing was left undisturbed for three weeks. At the end of that time a stinking miass of foul dressing was peeled off his hand, and the whole of the grafted area was found to have " taken." Since then I have employed this dressing for all cases of skin grafting and for plastic operations, such as those for webbeid fingers, and there is no other dressing that can compare wxith it. A skin graft is essentially a " plate culture " of epithelial cells upon a raw surface. The conditions required for growth are a suitable culture medium, warmth, *moisture, and non-interference-and the greatest of these is non-interference. During the war I saw many cases of chronic granulating wounds in military hospitals. In such cases I always asked first " How often are you dressing it?" and the reply invariably was "Every day." I then gave instructions that a large dressing of plain gauze and wool should be put on the wound, anld that it was not to be touched for three weeks. Almost invariably at the next dressing the wound was found to be healed, or nearly healed, or greatly diminished in size. Many of these wounds were gunshot wounds involving the bones, and they were in all respects similar to those which result from operations for osteomyelitis. I do not pretend that these were got to heal in three weeks, but their progress was rapid in comparison with frequently dressed wounds. The principle of non-interference is nothing new. John Hunter regarded the pus from a granulating wound not merely as innocuous, but as a ' healing fluid." " Healing under a scab " was described in all the older textbooks of surgery as a normal process of healing, and it was an essential part of the process that the scab should not be disturbed. The surgeon can greatly facilitate the process in large wounds by providing " the scab " in the form of a large dressing, and by conserving warmth and moisture. The same principle of non-interference applied to the wounds and cavities of osteomyelitis has recently been described as " the Winnett Orr method of treatment." Ith essentials are, first, to free the wound from virulent infection, and, secondly, to cover it up and leave it alone. It is not possible to sterilize such a wound nor to keep it sterile. But it is possible to get rid of virulent infection, and the chances of reinfection with virulent organisms thereafter are small. The primary object of non-interference is not to prevent reinfection, as suggested by Mr. Roth, but to prevent busy hands from " pulling up the plant to see how the roots are growing." It does not matter whether the wound is packed with vaseline gauze or with plain sterile or antiseptic gauze, or indeed whether it is packed at all, provided that it is covered up and left alone. Discharges will leak past a loose pack of sodden gauze just as easily as past a vaseline pack, and they will find .their way out better still if there is no pack at all. It is true that the smell of decomposing discharges is very offensive, and it is not less offensive in a patient's home than in a hospital or nursing home; the only difference is that it is smelt by a different lot of people. It may interest some of your correspondents to know that a few drops of liq. sodae chlorinatae, B.P., sprinkled over tle dressings, or, better still, poured into boiling water and allowed to evaporate, will remove all the smell from a room like magic. Maggots no doubt will remove much of the dead and putrifying material from a wound. But as this material is not necessarily harmful-and it may be even beneficial -there does not seem to be much point in employing maggots to remove it. Maggots obviously will not grow in a wound that is washed out, cleaned, and dressed every day, and it is essential for the success of " maggot treatment" that the wound should be left undisturbed for relatively long periods. How much of the success is due incidentally to non-interference with the wound and how much, if any, is due to the maggots? I have yet to meet a surgeon who would allow maggots to be put into any wound of his own.-I am, etc.,


This paper presents the phase-noise analysis of nearest-neighbor coupled-oscillator circuits for beam steering applications. The analysis includes the effect of flicker noise sources for the first time to our knowledge. It is based on a semi-analytical formulation, which uses a perturbation model of the individual oscillator extracted from a harmonic balance (HB) simulation of the individual oscillator element in free-running conditions. The model can be extracted from a commercial HB using two auxiliary generators at dc and the first harmonic component. The operation range, stability and phase noise of the coupled system are analyzed separately from HB with the extended semi-analytical formulation. A full stochastic characterization of the phase-noise spectrum from the variance of the phase-deviation is presented, which enables an accurate prediction of the near-carrier noise. The method has been applied to a system of four oscillators, obtaining good agreement with the measurement results.


The problem of the prediction of the acoustic pressure field in a liquid near a solid interface due to an explosive sound source in the liquid is discussed. Ranges of interest are of the order of a few wavelengths or less. A recent theory by E. Strick is considered and found to be applicable to the stated problem. Extended model data similar to those gathered by Roever and Vining in verifying the aforementioned theory are presented, which show remarkable experimental‐theoretical agreement. The extension of the theory to a stratified solid media is carried out and model results are presented that appear to agree with theoretical results. Results illustrate that the presence of interface arrivals is strongly dependent on the mean wavelength emitted by the explosive source and the thickness and rigidity of the layers in the assumed solid, as might be expected. It is concluded that this theory may prove useful in investigating the propagation of low‐frequency acoustic energy from impulsive or explosive sound ...


Lengths of the ossified diaphysis of the humerus and femur were measured in 50 fetuses ranging from 65 to 290 mm Crown-Rump length. A significant correlation was found between the diaphyseal length and the CR length. No appreciable difference was noted in diaphyseal lengths of the humerus and femur in fetuses of 85 mm CR length or below. Various growth phases were observed. The difference in length of the femur and humerus is due to a comparative slow growth of the humerus during the later period of prenatal life. Diaphyseal growth rates of the humerus and femur are 0.18 mm and 0.21 mm respectively for every 1 mm increase in CR length. Regression coefficients for the lengths of the ossified shaft of the humerus and femur are 5.35 and 5.00 respectively. With the help of these coefficients, CR length of the fetus was estimated within a range of ± 15 mm. From the estimated CR length, age of the fetus was determined with the help of a standard age and size curve with reasonable accuracy.


The electrode system for real-time electrochemical measurement of immersed samples were designed and applied at a marine corrosion test station in Zhoushan of China.It was proved that the electrode systems have good capabilities and can be used for electrochemical measurement for a long term.Polarization resistance measurement and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS) were used to monitor four carbon steels and low alloy steels samples during the different period of exposure in seawater.The measuring results reflected the corrosion performance of the samples in different period and the influence of seawater conditions.The change of corrosion potential indicates a changing corrosion status on the sample surface during the period of exposure in seawater.The polarization resistance changed because the rust was deposited on the samples surface and the seawater temperature changing.EIS proves to be qualified in measuring the metal samples exposed in seawater,which also reflects the corrosion mechanism of the samples during exposure.The electrochemical measuring results were approximately consistent with the lost weight data exposed in seawater for one year.The corrosion rate of the ultra-fine grained steel is higher than that of the homologous common steel.


Creative collective actions can have the potential of true performative utterances opening windows of opportunities for new realities to emerge, for new possible worlds to be created—the realm of the arts is the realm of the "possible." Group poetry writing can be a performative, dialogic act, and a transformative, revolutionary one as well. Collective artistic creations can break the isolation that the capitalistic patriarchal system imposes on us, helping us connect with one another, giving us hope.


This edition discusses important topics that have come to the forefront of medical rehabilitation and disability, covering disabling conditions and disorders not only from clinical but also functional and psychological perspectives. Chapter authors, among the most widely respected authorities in their respective fields, provide comprehensive guides on what to expect and how to manage each medical issue, discussing the causative agents, classification, pain management, psychological factors, and much more.


Abstract Despite the growing public debate on fiscal surprise during election periods in jurisdictions where the democratic dispensation is young, comprehensive empirical works to this effect in the case of Africa are hard to find. This study, therefore, sought to contribute to the debate on two counts. First, the study examines the effect of elections on debt servicing in Africa. Second, the study investigates the joint effect of economic development and elections on debt servicing in Africa. Using data drawn from the World Bank's World Development Indicators over the period 1985–2015 for 43 African countries, the study provides evidence from the dynamic system GMM and the ordinry least squares estimators to show that— (1) election periods are associated with lower debt servicing in Africa, and (2) economic development is significant in enhancing debt servicing commitments even in election periods. Policy recommendations are provided in line with the growing levels of debt accumulation and unemployment in Africa.


Abstract The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of supplementing drinking water with an extract of mixed herbs or housing with outdoor access on carcass traits, levels of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GPx), reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and selected quality parameters of meat from broiler chickens. One-day-old Ross 308 broiler chickens were allocated to three groups: group I (control), in which birds were kept in compartments on litter and had no outdoor access; group II, in which birds were kept in compartments on litter without outdoor access and were supplemented with an extract of mixed herbs (50% Melissa officinalis L. and 50% Urtica dioica L.) at 2 ml/l of drinking water; and group III, in which birds were raised in compartments on litter and had outdoor access from day 1 of rearing. Throughout the rearing period, the broilers had free access to feed and water. On day 42, 20 birds were selected from each group, slaughtered and subjected to simplified slaughter analysis. Their breast and leg muscles were measured for pH, colour, water holding capacity (WHC) and drip loss, and analysed for the content of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GPx), reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA) and fatty acids. The outdoor access reduced dressing percentage, both with (P≤0.01) and without giblets (P≤0.05). The supplementation of drinking water with the mixed herb extract (2 ml/l) improved the muscle antioxidant status (higher SOD, CAT and GSH content) and reduced lipid peroxidation in the leg muscles of the broilers (lower MDA level). In general, the supplementation of the diet with the mixture of herbs in the applied form and concentration, as well as the outdoor access had no effect on the other examined quality parameters of broiler meat.


While precision machining has been applied to the manufacture of optical components for a considerable period, the process has, in general, had its thinking restricted to producing only the accurate shapes required. The purpose of this paper is to show how optical components must be considered from an optical (functional) point of view and that the manufacturing process must be selected on that basis. To fill out this perspective, simplistic examples of how optical components are specified with respect to form and finish are given, a comparison between optical polishing and precision machining is made, and some thoughts on which technique should be selected for a specific application are presented. A short discussion of future trends related to accuracy, materials, and tools is included.


The phrase "financial distress" pervades scholarship in bankruptcy, consumer law, and related fields. This Article questions the definitions scholars now often affix to this phrase and argues that it should be understood differently. I argue that "financial distress" should be defined and understood more broadly because the now-prevailing narrow definition tends to overstate the importance of distress caused by unmanageable debt and understate the importance of distress caused by poverty.


The European Commission has launched an in-depth scientific investigation into the potential risks to health of faulty breast implants. While preparing to update existing legislation, it will also examine with national authorities how surveillance of medical devices can be strengthened under the present rules.

The initiatives were taken after the Scientific Committee on Emerging and Newly Identified Health Risks concluded, in an opinion published on 2 February, that there were insufficient data to draw firm conclusions on the potential health risk to women with Poly Implant Prosthese (PIP) silicone breast implants.

The committee, an independent advisory body with expertise in …


Abunimah starts with the wrong question when he is puzzled about how theorists of constitutional design for ethnically heterogeneous societies have applied their craft to Palestine. Democratic power-sharing theory, be it consociational or incentives based, and constitutional design more broadly, are premised on the choice and commitment of the peoples in these societies for living together in the same state. The stateness issue precedes the choice of constitutional design. According to Juan Linz and Alfred Stepan (1992), 'A "stateness" problem may be said to exist when significant proportions of the population does [sic] not accept the boundaries of the territorial state . . . as a legitimate unit to which they owe obedience . . . The neglect in the literature of the question of legitimacy of the state is unfortunate because this variable . . . is of fundamental theoretical and political importance for democracy.' While the legitimacy of the state is an obvious problem in how to accommodate self-determination claims in multiethnic states, as in the Sudan, legitimacy is an equally salient prior issue for joining separate entities into a single state, as would be true for a single state in Palestine, or whether entities separated by civil war should reintegrate into a single state, as in Cyprus and Kosovo. In all these instances, the democratic consent of the people on stateness plays the first role, and constitutional design and power-sharing modes come into play only after the stateness issue is decided by the people. The Northern Ireland Peace Agreement states at its start in section 1, paragraph 1, that the UK and the Government of Ireland 'recognize the legitimacy of whatever choice is freely exercised by a majority of the people of Northern Ireland with regard to its status, whether they prefer to continue to support the Union with Great Britain or a sovereign united Ireland'. The Annan constitution for Cyprus in 2004 was put to a referendum because legitimacy of the state is a precursor to the institutions of power sharing (Oberschall, 2007). Quebec in Canada had several referendums on stateness. If and when Belgium makes a decision on unity versus partition, it will surely be put to a referendum, and it is inconceivable that the European states would refuse to recognize the popular vote as the final arbiter on stateness. The Soviet Union broke up into successor Ethnopolitics, Vol. 10, Nos. 3–4, 457–459, September–November 2011


Up to 30% of ischemic strokes are called "cryptogenic". We would like to present a case of ischemic brain embolism possibly due to mechanical asystole of the atria caused by escape nodal rhythm without retrograde conduction through the atrioventricular (AV) node. Ischemic stroke is a devastating condition of variable etiology. In spite of progress in the diagnostic work-up of stroke, up to 30% of strokes are called "cryptogenic," which means that no causative factor can be found. We would like to present a case of possible ischemic brain embolism due to mechanical asystole[1] of the atria caused by escape nodal rhythm without retrograde conduction through the AV node. A 78-yearold woman was admitted to the cardiac intensive care unit due to fatigue and dyspnea. The ECG examination revealed escape nodal rhythm of 45 per minute without retrograde conduction and with sporadic (10/min) atrial extrasystoles (Figure1). Blood pressure was 95/50 mmHg. The patient had a history of coronary artery disease, coronary artery bypass graft in the year 2005 and subsequent percutaneous coronary intervention with drug-eluting stent implantation in the left main coronary Figure 1. Nodal escape rhythm without retrograde conduction with occasional atrial extrasystole. Jakub Baran MD, PhD 72 artery in 2010, hypertension and hyperlipidemia. Twelve hours after admission normal sinus rhythm spontaneously returned and the patient was transferred to the general cardiology ward. The X-ray and transthoracic echocardiography were normal. Two hours later the patient developed neurological symptoms – aphasia and partial paraplegia of the right upper limb. Acute stroke was diagnosed, and the patient was sent to a stroke unit in another hospital for thrombolysis. However, a few hours later all neurological symptoms subsided and brain computed tomography showed no abnormalities. Ultrasonography of the carotid artery revealed only one plaque in the right internal carotid artery (ICA) that narrowed its lumen to 60%. Transesophageal echocardiography ruled out the presence of patent foramen ovale or atrial septal defect as a possible cause of stroke. Left atrial appendage function was normal, with flow velocity of 0.84 m/s and without signs of thrombi or echogenic blood. The invasive electrophysiological study showed no retrograde conduction via the AV node. We speculate that one of the possible causes of ischemic stroke in our patient could be lack of left atrial contraction during escape nodal rhythm in a patient with no retrograde AV nodal conduction. The non-contracting atrium is a reservoir for thrombus and may be a source of embolic material which can be released upon resumption of sinus rhythm and return of atrial muscle contractility[2]. It may be speculated that permanent atrial pacing may be effective for preventing atrial asystole and thrombus formation. However, this has to be documented in a prospective study. Authors' contributions: JB – design, interpretation, drafting article; RP, BZ – data analysis, drafting article; PK – design, interpretation, drafting, revising and approval of article


In its long history, there have been more than 2,000 Chinese musical instruments in China, they play an important role in Chinese musicology. However, many of these musical instruments are not known to the public. In this work, we present a multimedia database of Chinese musical instruments, which has been constructed and will be continuously enriched by the authors. This database includes, for each instrument, text descriptions, images, audio clips of basic and special playing techniques, music clips, videos of craft process and recording process, and acoustic analysis materials. Motivation and selecting criteria of the database are introduced in detail. Potential applications based on this database are discussed.


For any system, its reliability and the cost of construction have always been two major determinants of whether it can be used daily. In the field of voiceprint recognition, people are often forced to choose between accuracy and convenience. This paper discusses the performance of two speaker verification models in different environment and whether it is possible to balance between the cost and the result. The Gaussian Mixture Model with universal background model (GMM-UBM) and deep-learning method are selected to represent two common approaches in speaker verification. Through comparison between the two models, we find that the deep-learning method is in greater need of large training datasets to function since it performs poorer than the GMM-UBM model while trained with the same dataset containing only a few samples, while both of these two methods reach nearly 100% accuracy if provided a large enough dataset to train the model. Meanwhile, despite the attempt to yield higher accuracy by configuring the setting of both models, it appears that excellent performance only occurs when large amounts of training data are given, and little noise is present.


Preliminary results of a retrospective study conducted at 4 hospitals in New York City of 239 patients with invasive squamous carcinoma of the cervix matched on ethnicity and age with controls having other gynecological disorders indicated patients with the disease are more likely to have a history of divorce or separation multiple marriages a nonsingle status an earlier marriage age or an earlier age for first coitus. The two groups were not differentiated on the basis of the frequency of coitus nor on the number of coital partners but given the sensitive nature of these topics the validity of these findings must be questioned. These preliminary findings which are similar to those obtained in previous studies are discussed in reference to current hypotheses concerning the relationship between coitus and carcinoma of the cervix; the findings do not for the most part contradict these hypotheses. Tables include 1) frequency distributions for patients and controls by marital status number of marriages age at first marriage age at first coitus number of coital partners and frequency of coitis by age decades; 2) separation and divorce by age at first marriage for patients and controls; and 3) multiple marriages by age at first age for patients and controls.


In order to predict the safe service life of a polymer from its rate of oxidation, a detailed understanding of degradation and stabilization reactions in the induction period is required. The mechanism by which an oxidizing polymer emits weak visible light (chemiluminescence) is reviewed and the use of the technique to study the early stages of the oxidation of nylon 66 and polypropylene is considered. Steady-state chemiluminescence experiments are described to measure the activation energy of initiation of nylon 66 oxidation and to study the mechanism of the dark reaction of a hindered amine light stabilizer (and its nitroxyl radical) with polypropylene hydroperoxide. Non-stationary experiments, in which the steady state is perturbed by UV irradiation and gas switching, demonstrate the reactions of long lived alkyl radicals in the induction period. The observation of stress-induced chemiluminescence from nylon 66 shows the effect of even a low fiber load is to greatly increase the rate of oxidation.


Ongoing work in air-vehicle design illustrates the potential of advanced concepts to provide significant improvements in efficiency; but with their incorporation of lightweight flexible structures, such configurations may require active control systems to ensure reliability and safety. However, many contemporary analysis methods are inefficient for aeroelastic analysis and design of such configurations. This paper describes the development of a new approach that automates the geometry setup, mesh generation, and assembly of fluid–structural coupling interfaces to enable efficient aeroelastic and aeroservoelastic analysis of advanced concepts. The core elements for this approach are a cut-cell Cartesian grid-based computational fluid dynamics solver, a nonlinear beam element structural model, a conservative fluid–structural interface treatment, and the formulation and implementation of a new deforming grid capability within the cut-cell Cartesian grid solver. Herein, emphasis is on this latter component with detailed description given of the mesh motion strategy, evaluation of fluxes and structural loads at the surface, and computation of geometrical properties such as cell volume, directed face areas, centroids, and motion-induced fluxes for deforming Cartesian grids required to advance the flow states. Aeroelastic simulations exercising the capability show favorable agreement with data and predictions in the literature for subsonic and supersonic applications.


Supraglacial lakes have a great impact on the mass balance and dynamics of Greenland ice sheet. While the current studies on these lakes mainly utilize optical observation data, the validity is poor, and it is impossible to conduct spatio-temporal analyses. This study provides an automatic extraction model for supraglacial lake, using Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data. By processing Sentinel-1 SAR dual-polarized imagery, a train dataset of 2664 image patches are formed. We use U-Net for segmentation and the associated Dice coefficient could reach higher than 95%. Besides, the terrain shadow is removed by DEM. The results are validated by supraglacial lake detection using Landsat 8. We will integrate more training data and optimize the feasibility of the model in future work.


Our present fuel resources are not going to be around forever and with the ever increasing consumption their extinction is nearly unavoidable. Also our fuel resources which are mostly made up of fossil fuels are not renewable in nature. In the present study hydrogen at a constant flow rate of 4lpm was inducted in the suction, at some distance away from the intake manifold, along with air. Two different fuels on volume basis were tested as main fuels in a single cylinder, 4-stroke, air cooled, direct injection diesel engine developing a power of 4.4 kW, at a rated speed of 1500 rpm. One fuel was the sole used transformer oil (UTO/UTO100) and the other one was the UTO at 40% blended with 60% diesel fuel (UTO40). The combustion, performance, and emission parameters of the engine were obtained in the investigation and compared with the baseline diesel fuel. The results indicated increase in brake thermal efficiency for both the main fuels when hydrogen is inducted and also high reduction in smoke levels.


The invention relates to a pipeline used for conveying a flow medium, in particular to an adhesion-type pull and extrusion composite pipe which is provided with an inner lining layer molded by macromolecule polymers in an extrusion manner; a loop layer is formed by pulling and extruding resin and high strength fiber on the inner lining layer to wind with the axial direction in a 10-30 degrees inclined angle; a portrait layer is formed by uniformly distributing, covering, heating and curing resin fiber on the loop layer parallel to the axial direction; and an external protective layer is formed by winding an ageing-resistant macromolecular polymer composite belt on the portrait layer. The composite pipe disclosed by the invention has a simple and reasonable structure, is easy to manufacture and has low cost; and as the portrait layer resin fiber is parallel to the pipe axially, the one-way strength of the fiber is enhanced, and the composite pipe high compressive strength and tensile strength and is corrosion-resistant.


In 1943 the British Post Office laid the first submerged repeater in a working cable system, and since that date the technique has been developed so that such units are now being used freely in the shallow waters of the Continental Shelf.Shallow-water repeaters are of particular interest to the Post Office, with its extensive system of submarine cables to the Continent. While the interest in repeaters suitable for transoceanic routes in deep water remains and increases, independent solution of the lesser problem has been well worth while and has provided valuable background and data for the solution of the greater problem.The Post Office has standardized one system which provides 60 telephone circuits of C.C.I.F. standard over a single cable with up to at least 10 repeaters in tandem. Systems transmitting 36 circuits have also been designed by a British contractor, and other arrangements are practicable if required. However, the advantages of standardization of repeaters and terminal equipment are obvious.The paper discusses the problems involved and the methods adopted or proposed for their solution. At present, 18 cables have been equipped with repeaters or will be so equipped in the near future; 47 repeaters are involved, the maximum number in one cable being seven.


Purpose – the purpose of this article is to present the novel model developed to measure social marketing
impact on consumers choice for healthy lifestyle. Social marketing is very complex by aiming to promote socially
responsible products and behavior for the benefit of the consumer and society at the same time. What is more, con-
sumers choice for healthy lifestyle is determined not only by marketing influence but other personality and external
environment factors as well.
Research methodology – the model presented in the article was developed based on literature analysis and secondary
data.
Findings – social marketing impact on consumers choice for healthy lifestyle is determined not only by the social mar-
keting, but also the consumer personality itself and the influence of the external environment on consumer.
Research limitations – validation of the novel developed model dedicated for the measurement of social marketing
impact on consumers choice for healthy lifestyle should be further validated with quantitative research methods.
Practical implications – the application of the model will enable marketing specialists to determine the contents and
other situational details of social marketing for consumers to choose healthy lifestyle and products related to it.
Originality/Value – the value of the model is determined by its novel attitude to social marketing in parallel with other
factors affecting consumer behaviour.


Unmanaged Internet Protocol (UIP) is a fully selforganizing network-layer protocol that implements scalable identity-based routing. In contrast with addressbased routing protocols, which depend for scalability on centralized hierarchical address management, UIP nodes use a flat namespace of cryptographic node identifiers. Node identities can be created locally on demand and remain stable across network changes. Unlike locationindependent name services, the UIP routing protocol can stitch together many conventional address-based networks with disjoint or discontinuous address domains, providing connectivity between any pair of participating nodes even when no underlying network provides direct connectivity. The UIP routing protocol works on networks with arbitrary topologies and global traffic patterns, and requires only O(log N) storage per node for routing state, enabling even small, ubiquitous edge devices to act as ad-hoc selfconfiguring routers. The protocol rapidly recovers from network partitions, bringing every node up-to-date in a multicast-based chain reaction of O(log N) depth. Simulation results indicate that UIP finds routes that are on average within 2× the length of the best possible route. This technical report describes a work in progress and does not contain complete, final, or polished results. This research was conducted as part of the IRIS project (http://project-iris.net/), supported by the National Science Foundation under Cooperative Agreement No. ANI-0225660.


This paper presents the overall work of the Portuguese parliamentary records: a multimedia digital library composed by the parliamentary records and an audiovisual archive. These systems are briefly described and a distributed architecture, based on Web services, that allows integrating information from different systems that compose the multimedia digital library, is presented and analyzed.


Radbourne et al. proposed an Arts Audience Experience Index (AAEI) which stipulated that performing arts experiences consist of four components: authenticity, collective engagement, knowledge, and risk. Authenticity is associated with truth and believability of a performance. Collective engagement is an audience's experience of engagement with performers and other audience members. Knowledge is concerned with understanding of and intellectual stimulation created by a performance. Risk is the extent to which a performance meets one's expectation, is value for money, and fits with one's self-image. We administered the AAEI to 465 spectators who attended a drama performance and 126 spectators who attended a musical performance. Supporting Radbourne et al.'s framework, confirmatory factor analysis found that audience members could differentiate among the four components of authenticity, collective engagement, knowledge, and risk along the two facets of importance and satisfaction. Regression analyses also showed that satisfaction with these four components contributes meaningfully to the overall evaluation of the performances, although collective engagement was found to be a relatively weaker predictor.


This paper discussed in detail the relationship between ground braking force, brake braking force and the adhesion; braking force coefficient and slip rate based on the braking process of stress analysis. The paper has built up analysis methods and processes of automotive systems ideal conditions for dynamic by using MATLAB simulation software.