Fossil representatives of the following living coccolithophorids never or rarely reported from the fossil record are illustrated: Coronosphaera binodata, Helicosphaera pavimentum, Poricalyptra gaarderae, Poricalyptra lsselii, Syraco/ithus confusus, Syracosphaera anthos, Syracosphaera pirus, Tetralithoides quadrilaminata, Umbilicosphaera angustiforamen. This significantly increases the number of living species with an illustrated ancestor. In addition, one new species, Pontosphaera decor a/a is described, from the Pliocen Introduction Winter & Siesser ( 1994) provide us with a useful atlas of the living coccolithophorid species. For the specialist interested in fossil coccolithophorids they provide a long wished-for overview of what the result of over 200 million years of calcareous nannoplankton evolution looks like in the form of living species. In the atlas the authors also make statements about the known geological ranges of some 150 of the nearly 200 presently known, living species. According to this information only 2 5, (i.e. 17%) of the living species have a fossil record (Fig. 1). The authors warn, that " this information is presented with caution, as comparatively little is yet known about the range/distribution of many species'' . Species 20 40 60 80 100 120 110 l iving [t}:;:~;W:?-\c Heterococcoliths :·\·[ .-:' Holococcoliths . :·/·: Pleist_?~ Pliocell!L_ f10 Q) c my Q) g 120 ~


Introduction: The Cultural Revolution Group in Peking has accused Liu Shao-ch'i of being the "Khrushchev of China," plotting to restore capitalism. This accusation raises a number of different, albeit related, issues which will be explored in the present paper. First, although the "revisionist" conspiracy headed by Liu is supposed to have led a covert, and sometimes not so covert, existence for a long time,1 why had the issue not been raised earlier, before the onslaught of the Cultural Revolution? Did the winter of 1965-1966, when the Cultural Revolution first broke out, possess some special significance in terms of China's economic system and its development? Secondly, if the timing of the campaign against Liu's policies was significant, what would have happened had these policies been allowed to be carried out? Speaking objectively, can one really equate Liu's policies with an effort to restore capitalism? Would they have had such an effect, and if so, would the effect have been intended? In this connection, we do not of course have to take the accusations against Liu at their face value. For it is conceivable that Liu had chosen to pursue certain policies which could be interpreted by doctrinaire ideologues as "revisionist" without in the least intending to subvert Communist rule in China. (Surely, to assume the opposite, as is literally implied in the accusations, borders on the preposterous.) But if this is the case, one must then question the rationale of going beyond a mere accusation of unintentional deviation in ideology on Liu's part. To charge him of unintentional subversion of Chinese Communism requires additional explanations. One suspects that these explanations may shed light on another side of the Cultural Revolution, namely, the political struggle for succession. While a great deal has already been written on the Cultural Revolution, what will happen in the post-GPCR and, sooner or later, the post-Mao period is an issue on which there still is room for speculation. What constitutes the best economic institutions and policies for China at this stage of her development looms large in the ideological "rectification" which the Cultural Revolution attempts to perpetrate. Economics, however, is not simply a topic on which serious differences in attitude and policy are registered. As we shall see, there are reasons to believe that eco-


The Whole Duty of Woman seems to have been extremely popular; by 1831 it had gone through sixteen editions, nine of which supplied the demands of America's young ladies. Whatever benefits the work supplied its genteel readers, it apparently bolstered neither Kenrick's purse nor his flagging moral fiber; in 1754, we find the giver of moral aphorisms in debtor's prison.4 Miss Hemlow points out that Fanny Burney "was quick to note discrepancies between conduct and manners, as outlined on paper, and the behavior of the authors" of the courtesy books; we may hope that Madame d'Arblay was spared the knowledge that the author of one of the buttresses of eighteenth-century "fixed principles" of female conduct was himself a Branghtonian calumniator of Johnson, Reynolds, Richardson, Garrick, and Goldsmith,6 who was, upon his death in 1779, "less lamented than perhaps any person known in the literary world."7 Paul Fussell , Jr .


SUMMARY

1L-myo-Inositol-l-phosphate synthase, EC 184.108.40.206, was extracted from light- and dark-grown Euglena gracilis cells and a bleached mutant (W3BUL). Within experimental error no differences in synthase activity were detected among these three cell types.


In response to the introduction of new generation technology into rehabilitation therapy, new methods and effective management approaches specifically for rehabilitation therapy are in urgent need presently. Our lab has developed a 3D virtual game environment for training which mainly integrates 3D images, active touch, and other related information. Mainly consisting of a motor rehabilitation system and a series of 3D simulated flight games, the system aims to achieve rehabilitation of pronation and supination of the arms through the patient's control and continuous exercise. In this study, social psychological variables are used to evaluate the human-computer interaction process.


Using a set of low resolution images with sub-pixel shifts to reconstruct a high resolution less aliased image requires both interleaving of the image samples at the effectively higher sampling rate and deconvolution of the blur introduced by pixel sensor averaging. When measurement noise is low and knowledge of sub-pixel shift values is accurate, resolution improvement is limited primarily by the number of low resolution shifted images. However, at noise levels characteristic of typical image sensors, additional low resolution images are needed for noise reduction. If the relative shifts from a steerable array are not known precisely, estimating the shifts of the aliased images is required, and errors in shift positions may cause significant reconstruction errors. This paper considers the effects of both noise and position estimation errors when the temporal acquisition rate for the low resolution images is higher than the needed production rate of high resolution images so an over-determined image set can be used to reduce noise. In this context implications of measurement strategies on interpolation and restoration components of reconstruction are explored.


Simple Summary Severe equine asthma (sEA) is a highly prevalent respiratory disease affecting adult horses. Affected horses present with cough, nasal discharge and increased respiratory effort at rest. Although a complex diversity of genetic and immunological pathways contribute to the disease, these remain to be fully understood. Several studies have reported the role of inflammatory mediators and of some cells found in sEA airway inflammation. However, the reported results revealed some inconsistencies between studies. A better understanding of sEA's genetics and detailed immunology is fundamental in order to characterize the underlying mechanisms involved in the disease's occurrence and to establish an adequate therapy and a precise prognosis. This review examines some literature findings on the genetic and immunology of sEA and discusses further research areas. Abstract Severe equine asthma is a chronic respiratory disease of adult horses, occurring when genetically susceptible individuals are exposed to environmental aeroallergens. This results in airway inflammation, mucus accumulation and bronchial constriction. Although several studies aimed at evaluating the genetic and immune pathways associated with the disease, the results reported are inconsistent. Furthermore, the complexity and heterogeneity of this disease bears great similarity to what is described for human asthma. Currently available studies identified two chromosome regions (ECA13 and ECA15) and several genes associated with the disease. The inflammatory response appears to be mediated by T helper cells (Th1, Th2, Th17) and neutrophilic inflammation significantly contributes to the persistence of airway inflammatory status. This review evaluates the reported findings pertaining to the genetical and immunological background of severe equine asthma and reflects on their implications in the pathophysiology of the disease whilst discussing further areas of research interest aiming at advancing treatment and prognosis of affected individuals.


Some large weevils have been reported for a long time on oil palm belonging to the Calandrini such as Rhynchophorus vulneratus (Pz.) and R. bilineatus (Mon.), respectively in West and East Indonesia, but even in association with other feeding pests these two species are without major incidence. Another very small Calandrini, 7-8 mm, is also very common on the fronds cut, attracted by fresh exudates, Diocalandra frumenti (F.). This insect is harmless, the larvae feeding only in the upper part of the tissues of the petiolar leaves, recently pruned. But now two bigger species, 12 and 14 mm, are found very numerous in oil palm plantation along with D. frumenti, Rhaboscelus maculata Gyll. already recorded in Malaysia and Rhabdoscelus obscurus Boisd. These two weevils have never been mentionned in Indonesia and the latter one is able to damage the bunches. R.maculata is living only as D. frumenti in the petiolar bases freshly cut, but R. obscurus can be found also in the living tissues of bunches boring inside the peduncule, the rachis or even the spiklets and the fruits. Damages in Sumatra in the first years of production are very variable according to the vegetal material and the cultural practices. Material with slow growth with often wounds during castration is more affected. The white grubs boring the peduncule before maturation of the fruits can provoke a decay of the upper part of the bunch, similar to a lack of pollination. Inside the rachis, after the feeding of the larvae, a large black longitudinal necrosis occurs reducing the development of the spiklets, and favouring the spread of bacteria in the soft tissues and fruits. The percentage of bunches affected can reached 21.4% on some crossings, but in average is only 5.1% on commercial fields, when this weevil is present. On mature palms damages are also present with the feeding cavity inside the rachis causing a frequent fracture of the bunch. The biology of this new pest has been studied, description of the adults and larvae are given. The life cycle is completed in 94 days. Until now Rhabdoscelus obscurus was known in the Pacific Islands, Papua New Guinea and Queensland. In Indonesia this pest has been only recorded in Irian Jaya and Moluccas, mostly on sugar cane, banana, coconuts and wild palms. Now this species has spread to the western part of the archipelago, and is present and well established in Sumatra oil palm plantations. Damages although still limited have to be taken into consideration and monitored. (Resume d'auteur)


The majority of electric faults are ground-faults. The effect of a single phase to ground-fault must be minimized. The ability to detect and classify the type of fault plays a great role in the protection of a power system. In this research, symmetrical component method is used to analyze the effect of various transformer connection and generator grounding methods of single phase to ground-fault at the unit generator-transformer. Discrete Wavelet Transforms and Artificial Neural Network are applied to Ground-Fault Diagnosis Scheme at different locations at the unit generator-transformer. This faults waveform was decomposed through wavelet transform analysis into different approximations and details. A new Statistical Method and Neural Network Pattern Recognition approach, which includes statistical parameters of each type of ground-fault was used in neural network architecture for the ground-fault diagnosis. Ground-fault diagnosis scheme consists of detection and classification of ground-faults. The simulation of the unit generator-transformer was carried out using the Sim-PowerSystem Blockset of MATLAB. The statistical parameters analysis involved calculating a tendency factors including the mean, mode, median and dispersion factor including range and standard deviation values of detailed wavelet coefficients. Tendency factor and dispersion factor are used as input for Neural Network Pattern Recognition. The results of Receiver Operating Characteristic and Confusion Matrix of Neural Pattern Recognition indicated that the proposed algorithm is enough to detect and classify a ground-fault for a unit generator-transforme


We show that if a Banach space X has the weak fixed point property for nonexpansive mappings and Y has the generalized Gossez-Lami Dozo property or is uniformly convex in every direction, then the direct sum of X and Y with a strictly monotone norm has the weak fixed point property. The result is new even if Y is finite-dimensional.


Tropical forests are among the planet's most productive and biologically diverse habitats. Out of the described 1.8 million species, more than half are found in the tropical forests. However, most of the species found in the tropical forests are yet to be described. According to a recent estimate, the taxonomy of more than 90 per cent of the arthropod species found in tropical rain forests is not known at present.I0 Of these, the canopy arthropods were the most understudied group, until Martin5 developed the canopy fogging technique to study canopy arthropods. In recent times, canopy studies have revealed a wealth of information about the arthropod diversity that can be seen in the forest ~anopy .~ .~ .~


This article aims to understand if there is quality of life at work in being a driver of Uber, which
is considered as a new working relationship. The article has no greater concern to demonstrate
innovative results of a scientific nature, but intends to expose from the methodological practices
of qualitative research, descriptive and based on theory and primary data the reality of the
drivers in this new labor relationship. The data were collected based on the experiences of
professionals working with the application using interviews guided by a semi-structured script,
which was applied to twelve drivers, transcribed and then the content analysis was done. The
result found in this article is that there is no total quality of life at work in being a driver per
application as there is in a formal, formal contract work.


Smith, Preston M. M.S., Purdue University, May 2011. A Cost-Benefit Analysis of a Campus Computing Grid . Major Professors: Jeffrey J. Evans, Kevin C. Dittman, and Carol X. Song. Any major research institution has a substantial number of computer systems on its campus, often in the scale of tens of thousands. Given that a large amount of scientific computing is appropriate for execution in an opportunistic environment, a campus grid is an inexpensive way to build a powerful computational resource. What is missing, though, is a model for making an informed decision on the cost-effectives of a campus grid. In this thesis, the author describes a model for measuring the costs and benefits of building a campus computing resource based on the institution's existing investment in computing hardware. For this study, the author calculates the usable capacity of a campus environment, and based on TCO data for Purdue University's campus grid, presents a model for calculating the base cost for a core-hour of computation in the campus grid. A campus grid does introduce some extra expense, which is then amortized among the available core-hours to determine the real additional per core-hour cost to operate a campus grid. With this additional cost added to a baseline, an institution can learn the total cost of a core-hour in its campus grid. With a cost model, the author then analyzes the benefits gained from using the grid, based on the number of hours of delivered, number of computations completed, and the number of users and faculty members served. At Purdue, a core-hour costs just over $.03, all of which is an already sunk cost. The campus grid only costs 3.66 tenths of a cent more per core-hour to run, and an average of only $364.57 per user each year.


In late 2002 the Center for Reproductive Rights in collaboration with the Centre for Civil and Human Rights a Slovak human rights organization and Ina Zoon an expert consultant on minority rights issues conducted a human rights fact-finding mission involving in-depth private interviews with more than 230 women in almost 40 Romani settlements throughout eastern Slovakia the region with the highest concentration of Roma on topics including sterilization practices treatment by health-care professionals in maternal health-care facilities and access to reproductive health-care information. We also interviewed Slovak hospital directors doctors nurses patients government officials activists and non-governmental organizations regarding these same issues. Our research has uncovered widespread violations of Romani women's human rights specifically reproductive rights in eastern Slovakia that include the following: coerced and forced sterilization; misinformation in reproductive health matters; racially discriminatory access to health-care resources and treatment; physical and verbal abuse by medical providers; and denial of access to medical records. (excerpt)


Construction of linear voltage-controlled resistors and conductors using i.e. multipliers is demonstrated. Experimental results from a network of such elements corroborates the realisation of nonlinear amnesic driving-point and transfer curves by systematic synthesis. Applicability of linear network sensitivity calculations to such networks is experimentally verified.


Images and videos captured in hazy weather are often suffered from visual quality degradation. Recently many dehazing algorithms based on the dark channel prior theory have been proposed. However, these algorithms fail to achieve good performance if there are large sky regions or point light sources in the imaging scene. This paper proposes a novel dehazing algorithm based on sky region correction to overcome the problem of the dark channel prior which is not reasonable for sky regions. In order to estimate the atmospheric light, we choose the luminance value at the top 1% pixels of the sky area in the transmission map and calculate the average value of brightness by these pixels corresponding to the input image, by which the atmospheric light can be estimated more accurately. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm has better performance in haze removing and contrast-enhancing than other methods.


Modern microprocessors are achieving phenomenal performance levels due to the advances in several enabling technologies. The increase of performance comes with greater complexity. The colossal complexity of modern microprocessors is attributed to various factors such as multiple functional units, out-of-order execution, branch prediction etc. The design of such complex super-scalar processors requires the use of sophisticated software tools. To facilitate processor development, the design and implementation of a processor is typically paralleled by the design and implementation of a simulator that can be used to avoid errors in the development process. Designers use functional and performance simulators to validate the functionality and to assess the performance of the processor for a given application. In this paper, object-oriented design of a cycle accurate re-configurable simulator toolkit is presented to speed up the design cycle of DSP processors and to avoid incurring the cost involved in the development of processor specific simulators.


For all the NMT tasks, we use the public datasets from IWSLT competitions1 and WMT competitions2. We tokenize all the datasets with byte-pair-encoding (BPE) [11] approach with the dictionary built jointly upon the source and target sentence pairs except the IWSLT17 En↔Zh translation dataset that is built separately. After tokenization, the resulted vocabularies for IWSLT datasets are near 10k, while for WMT datasets, the vocabulary size is about 32k.


Summary It has been claimed by Stewart, Puppione & Patton (1972) that milk is a valuable source of cell membrane in a 'relatively pure' state originating from shed mammary secretory cell microvilli and golgi vesicles. The morphological basis for this has been re-examined in this paper. It is shown that the vesicular and elongated membranous structures found in skim-milk are identical to structures present as part of the initial milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) of alveolar and expressed milk, and that both structures survive extraction with chloroform–methanol. It is therefore suggested that a major part of the skim-milk membrane is material shed from the freshly secreted milk fat globule and consists of a specialised derivative of the secretory cell plasmalemma, the initial MFGM.


Background: Considerable advances have been made in the field of diabetic foot care over the past 25 years in developed countries. On the contrary, diabetes foot ulceration (DFU) still remains a common diabetes related complication of substantial public health importance in sub-Saharan Africa. Diabetic foot outcome in Nigeria is reportedly poor, with high amputation and mortality rates. Proper foot care education is known to impact positively on both DFU prevention and outcome in the developed societies. However, this relationship has not been well characterised in Nigeria. Objective: To determine the relationship between diabetic foot care education, health-seeking behaviour and DFU outcome. Methods: In this one-year observational Multi-Centre Evaluation of Diabetes Foot Ulcer in Nigeria (MEDFUN) study, subjects admitted for DFU in six tertiary hospitals were evaluated for demographic and diabetes related information, ulcer characteristics and treatment modality prior to hospitalisation. Prior participation in foot care education and knowledge of proper foot care were sought while relevant laboratory tests were performed. All patients benefitted from appropriate multidisciplinary care and were followed up until discharge or death. Outcome of interest were wound healing, lower extremity amputation (LEA) and mortality. Logistics regression was used to determine the impact of foot care education on DFU outcomes. Introduction Diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) are a major complication of diabetes seen in sub-Saharan Africa and the developing world where it remains a major healthcare problem of public health importance [1]. This *Corresponding author: Innocent Okpe, Department of Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna 810001, Nigeria, Tel: +234-8033-1464-31 1Department of Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Kaduna, Nigeria 2Department of Medicine, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu, Nigeria 3Department of Medicine, Lagos State University, Lagos, Nigeria 4Department of Medicine, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria 5Department of Medicine, Federal Medical Center, Nasarawa, Nigeria 6Department of Medicine, Federal Medical Center, Abia, Nigeria Results: Of the 336 patients enrolled for this study, 55.1% were male. The mean age of the participants was 55.9 ± 12.5 years. Majority (96.1%) had type 2 diabetes. Only a quarter (25.9%) had prior foot care knowledge. Participants with foot care education were 5.762 times more likely to seek hospital treatment at onset of foot injury (P < 0.001), and were less likely to indulge in harmful practices such as native medication (P < 0.001), visits to prayer houses (P = 0.161) and walking bare-footed (P = 0.009). Patients with prior foot care education also fared better on these treatment outcomes: LEA (P = 0.002), Wound infection (P = 0.003) and Mortality (P = 0.445). Conclusion: Diabetic foot care education has positive influence on health-seeking behaviour and diabetic foot clinical outcomes. There is therefore an urgent need to encourage physicians to periodically provide foot care.


Most of today's graph analytics systems model static graphs and do not support business use cases that require the ability to: (i) query the dynamic graph data for a time-evolving system, (ii) carry out investigations on its historical evolution, and (iii) audit past business decisions made with potentially stale or incorrect data. This position paper presents our vision for bi-temporal dynamic graph analytics, and sketches a design for a system that efficiently supports these requirements.


A measurement system has been developed that can determine flow resistances quickly and accurately and can be used to complement acoustical measurements on the same samples. The use of electronic components permits measurements to be made 20–50 times faster than with the commonly used Leonard apparatus. Variable‐capacitance pressure transducers are used to measure pressure differences across both the test sample and a laminar flow element with known flow resistance (these two in series): For steady nonpulsating flow, the ratio of flow resistances equals the ratio of measured pressure differences. The rate of air flow through the sample is adjusted using a mass flow controller; flows of 10−3–1 cm3 s−1 can be controlled to better than 1%. Flow resistances between 1 and 105 g cm−4 s−1 can be determined with an accuracy of better than 1.6%. The corresponding range of flow resistivities of porous materials that can be determined with the present sample holder is 1–106 cgs‐rayl cm−1. Initial measurements have b...


Abstract For more than 45 years, Albania was ruled by one of the harshest dictatorial regimes that Europe has experienced during the 20-th century. The communist regime in Albania had several special features, starting from its origins and establishment, and continuing further with its special characteristics, the society and the economic-social system it built. These features set it apart from other communist regimes in Eastern Europe. But what remains as the primary feature of the communist regime in Albania is its loyalty and steadfastness in following and further developing the Stalinist model, a model that was finally abandoned in Eastern Europe and the USSR in the mid-1950s, and further in China after the death of Mao Zedong (1978). This study aims to investigate the special characteristics underlying the Stalinist model and the causes that enabled its implementation, adaptation and development in the conditions of the rule of the dictatorial regime in Albania.


Losses in thermodynamic availability are directly proportional to the generation of entropy associated with irreversible and nonideal processes occurring in an engineering system. Entropy (or thermodynamic availability losses) thus provides the common and consistent thermodynamic metric for loss analysis, loss minimization, and optimization for all processes and subsystems within that system [1]. Although availability analysis is a fundamental and well-established approach for describing and quantifying losses in ground-based systems of all types, it has not been widely used in the design, analysis, and optimization of aerospace vehicles [2]. This has been due mainly to the lack of a sufficiently broad theoretical foundation that directly and unambiguously related availability and availability losses to classical (practical) measures of vehicle performance and performance losses, specifically within a concise availability–performance balance equation. Nevertheless, early seminal work done in this area includes that of Oswatitch [3], who first derived the availability rate balance for a nonpowered aerodynamic shape in flight; this work directly related the aerodynamic drag to availability losses (entropy generation) in the flow-field, including in the wake. This availability rate balance has been now been extended by Giles and Cummings [4] and Hunt, Giles, and Cummings [5] to powered vehicles with simple energy addition. They noted the importance of the net overall fluid dynamic force component experienced by all vehicle surfaces in the direction of vehicle movement within that balance. Riggins et al. [6] more recently provided the availability


This document presents the standard requirements, developments and evaluation of a converter from 4–20mA to Profibus-PA, standing out the complexity that implies the design of a device that must fulfill the technical requirements as established in an international standard. First, concepts and requirements of the Profibus PA protocol are stated, describing the structure of the messages frames and the way to send them within an industrial telecommunications network. Later on, the internal layout of the designed converter is explained, emphasizing the components used to fulfill the international standard IEC61158. In addition, the use of Bus Check BC-450 Softing protocol analyzer is exposed as an analysis and monitoring tool for the configured network


Great mass of carbon dioxide would be product followed the development of bioalcohol industry.The chemical utilization of carbon dioxide in inorganic chemical,organic chemical and polymer materials,and its development prospect, were reviewed.


Existing object-search approaches enable robots to search through free pathways, however, robots operating in unstructured human-centered environments frequently also have to manipulate the environment to their needs. In this work, we introduce a novel interactive multi-object search task in which a robot has to open doors to navigate rooms and search inside cabinets and drawers to find target objects. These new challenges require combining manipulation and navigation skills in unexplored environments. We present HIMOS, a hierarchical reinforcement learning approach that learns to compose exploration, navigation, and manipulation skills. To achieve this, we design an abstract high-level action space around a semantic map memory and leverage the explored environment as instance navigation points. We perform extensive experiments in simulation and the real world that demonstrate that, with accurate perception, the decision making of HIMOS effectively transfers to new environments in a zero-shot manner. It shows robustness to unseen subpolicies, failures in their execution, and different robot kinematics. These capabilities open the door to a wide range of downstream tasks across embodied AI and real-world use cases.


We report on long-cavity modelocked laser with Yb:CALGO crystal, with, first, a 27-MHz, sub 100-fs single-pulse regime and, second, a very atypical double-pulse dualwavelength femtosecond regime.


Qualitative inquiry is well positioned to aid in public education on crucial social problems. Implementing a dual perspective engages not only quantitative approaches, but centers the critical role of qualitative inquiry in uncovering a multilayered analysis of the diversity and range of lived experience that can also contribute a rich perspective onto the wider quantitatively driven macro inquiry public landscape. The case studies presented provide strategies for harnessing missed opportunities for dialogue between the macro and micro level, demonstrating the importance of applying hybrid methodological and methods perspectives onto social issues that contain both words and numbers.


Acculturation is an important concept in cultural transformation.In many areas of social life,acculturation causes cultural transformation.This paper makes a study on the topic concerned in terms of hosts,tourists and scenic spots.


A communication system and a control method thereof are provided to decrease an SSN(Simultaneous Switching Noise) and an ISI(Inter Symbol Interference) noise by partially inverting data to be transmitted before transmission. A communication system includes a transmitter(2100) and a receiver(2200). The transmitter inverts first bits of first transmission data(DATA) based on an error signal, and serializes the first transmission data to generate second transmission data(DOUT0-DOUT3). The transmitter transmits the second transmission data to plural communication channels(CH1-CH4). The receiver inverts the first bits of first reception data(DIN0-DIN3) which is received from the communication channels based on an error signal, and inverts the received first bits. The receiver parallelizes the first reception data to generate second reception data(DI). The receiver generates the error signal based on the second reception data.


he election of Theodore Sedgwick of Massachusetts as Speaker of the House in December I799 is not generally thought to have been unusual in any way.' The old Speaker, Jonathan Dayton, had been elected to the Senate, and Sedgwick put off his retirement from politics to aid the Federalist cause. He beat down the Republican opposition and maintained firm control of the House of Representatives for the benefit of his party. What the newspapers, the Annals of Congress, and the familiar collections of political correspondence do not reveal was a lengthy sectional battle within the Federalist caucus. John Rutledge, an able and respected Federalist from South Carolina, described the dispute and his own key role in it in a letter to his father-in-law Robert Smith, the first Protestant Episcopal Bishop of South Carolina. The letter, dated December 3, I799, is in the John Rutledge, Jr., Papers in the Southern Historical Collection at the University of North Carolina in Chapel Hill. Theodore Sedgwick had accepted his election to the House with considerable reluctance, explaining to his friend Rufus King that "my evil destiny has conquered."2 Sedgwick's friends in Congress soon proposed him for Speaker, and this stirred the Republican opposition, for he was known as a strong party man. The Republicans favored a candidate who would appeal, so they hoped, to many Federalists from the southern states. As Sedgwick told King a few weeks before Congress convened, "it is said that the gentleman, they at present contemplate as the rival candidate, has agreed to be held up; but as I have ever thought of him with respect and indeed affection, I will not, at present, mention, even to you, his


As part of the thesis we studied advanced spatial statistical methods and used them in determining dangerous locations on the roads. The results were compared with the results of the Critical accident rate method, which is in use for state roads in Slovenia. Dangerous locations are sections of the road network, with higher probability for traffic accidents. Methods of spatial statistics that we have researched are the local Moran index I and Getis-Ord G-method. We designed and executed several simulations on the test cases. Methods were used also on real cases. For a realistic example, we have selected the section 0262
(Rasica-Žlebic) on the main road G2-106 (Skofljica-Kocevje), which is known as a dangerous section on Slovenian roads, as proved also by the EuroRAP analysis. The results are as expected, the three methods show similar results. In some cases, methods differ and find more dangerous locations than other methods.


Many employers are unwittingly violating a U.S. Department of Labor pay rule, and they could pay a high price as a result. In fact, U.S. companies could owe as much as $39 billion in back pay. The rule on overtime compensation has been in effect since 1954, but it has come to the fore, mostly in economically painful ways, because of a handful of recent court decisions and increased Labor Department enforcement action against companies. The rule states that employers must pay hourly employees at one-and-a-half times their hourly rate for each hour over 40 they work in a week. Employers are not required to pay overtime to employees who are paid on a salary basis and who meet certain requirements related to duties. However, employers often don't know which employees qualify for overtime, when to pay it, or whether to pay time and a half or compensatory time. In fact, violations are so common that some estimate that workers would get an additional $19 billion a year if the rules were observed. Perhaps it's time to revisit the provisions and interpretations of the 1938 Fair Labor Standards Act.


This article is devoted to the most stylistically original and artistically significant orchestral work by M.P. Mussorgsky, St. John's Eve on Bald Mountain. The subject matters of the article are an examination of the background and history of this artwork's creation, review of its creative sources, attribution of an autograph, and textological characterization of marginal marks in the score, while the goal is to form a new perspective of the research based on the deciphering of many intricate, complex and even mysterious circumstances associated with this orchestral opus. Particular attention is paid to the appearance of two author's editions of the artwork; moreover the second of them arose as a result of harsh criticism of M.A. Balakirev, who insisted on a radical adaptation of the score. The autograph of the second author's version has been preserved, while the first author's version can only be reconstructed hypothetically.


........................................................................................................................................... 3 List of Papers ................................................................................................................................... 5 List of Abbreviations ....................................................................................................................... 7 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 9 Treatment of femoral neck fractures ........................................................................................... 9 Hip arthroplasty dislocation ...................................................................................................... 10 Risk factors for prosthetic dislocations ..................................................................................... 11 Surgical approaches for hip arthroplasty .................................................................................. 12 Quality of life ............................................................................................................................. 13 Direction of prosthesis dislocation ............................................................................................ 14 Aims of the Studies ........................................................................................................................ 15 Patients and Methods ..................................................................................................................... 17 Ethics .......................................................................................................................................... 17 Age and gender .......................................................................................................................... 17 Study I ........................................................................................................................................ 17 Study II ...................................................................................................................................... 17 Study III ..................................................................................................................................... 18 Study IV ..................................................................................................................................... 18 Fracture classification ................................................................................................................ 19 ASA classification ..................................................................................................................... 19 EQ-5D ........................................................................................................................................ 20 Radiological analysis ................................................................................................................. 20 Surgical procedures ................................................................................................................... 21 Statistical Methods .................................................................................................................... 23 Results ............................................................................................................................................ 25 Study I ........................................................................................................................................ 25 Study II ...................................................................................................................................... 27 Study III ..................................................................................................................................... 29 Study IV ..................................................................................................................................... 32 General Discussion ........................................................................................................................ 35 The influence of the surgical approach on the stability of a hip arthroplasty .......................... 35 Other factors influencing the stability of an arthroplasty ......................................................... 38 Recurrence of dislocations and need for revision surgery ....................................................... 40 Quality of life ............................................................................................................................. 40 Direction of prosthesis dislocation ............................................................................................ 41 Position of implants ................................................................................................................... 42 Clinical implications .................................................................................................................. 43 Conclusions .................................................................................................................................... 45 Implications for future research .................................................................................................... 47 Abstract in Swedish ....................................................................................................................... 49 Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................................... 51 References ...................................................................................................................................... 55 Original Papers I – IV .................................................................................................................... 61


Application of surface-wave excited plasma (SWP) source to the muc-Si film deposition is demonstrated. A new gas feed system is applied to a surface wave excited plasma source, where SiH4 and H2 are introduced into the vessel through a dielectric window. Influence of the substrate position on the film qualities such as crystalline volume fraction and deposition rate are investigated. Influence of dielectric materials (quartz and alumina) on the defect density of the muc-Si film is investigated, and superiority of the alumina window is demonstrated. Finally, muc-Si film deposition at a deposition rate of 6 nm/s is achieved with a defect density of ~1times1017 cm-3


The balance equation of the information entropy of a dynamical system subjected to noise is derived. Entropy flow and entropy production terms are identified, featuring such quantities as the sum of the Lyapunov exponents and the noise strength. A comparison with irreversible thermodynamics is carried out, showing that the (information) entropy production is related to the excess entropy production around a reference state averaged over the probability density, rather than to the full thermodynamic entropy production.


This paper presents a surveillance system which is able to provide live video stream and remote control appliances through chat robot (Chatbot) software of Facebook messenger. The appliances will be bundled with a socket controlled by relay and one MediaTek LinkIt 7697, which is marketed Arduino compatible development board. The surveillance system was built on QBoat Sunny, a home Internet of Things (IoT) gateway supplied by Taiwan QNAP Corp. with built-in Linux and numerous functions.


This paper describes SuperCrystal, a computer program for quick yet reasonably accurate simulation of MOS VLSI circuits. SuperCrystal divides the time axis into time steps. In each time step, a transistor circuit maps to a linear RC network for the purpose of waveform estimation. Single exponential approximations to node waveforms in the RC network are then calculated using an algorithm due to Raghunalhan and Thompson. Unlike several other timing analyiers based on the linear RC model, SuperCrystal approximates transistor resistances as functions of the voltage waveforms at the gate, source, and drain nodes, after distinguishing between the triode and pinchoff modes of operation. An iterative algorithm is presented for the calculation of a transistor's average resistance over a given time period. Preliminary tests using SuperCrystal are highly encouraging. Several MOS circuits are analyied in this paper using Crystal, SuperCrystal and SPICE, and the resulting outputs and CPU times are compared.


Summary. During the summer of 1982 the Canadian Consortium for Crustal Reconnaissance using Seismic Techniques (COCRUST) conducted a major long-range seismic refraction and wide-angle reflection experiment across the Grenville province of the Canadian Shield. Three seismic lines each approximately 300 km in length were located (i) along the Ottawa-Bonnechere graben, (ii) perpendicular to the graben and (iii) perpendicular to the Crenville Front. Geological evidence indicates that the graben may have originated from a failed arm of the St Lawrence rift system, and the Grenville Front marks the boundary between the Grenville province and the much older Superior province. Other geological features of the Grenville province that were traversed by the profiles were the Central Metasedimentary belt, and the Central Gneiss belt. Analysis of the data involved conventional traveltime procedures coupled with the use of synthetic seismogram analysis using programs that were written to handle laterally heterogeneous structures. Results from the survey indicate a variation in near surface seismic velocity


This paper considers the extended chained systems and gives a complete characterization of the nonlinear systems that are feedback equivalent to the extended chained system. The differential flatness property of the extended chained systems, defined in small dimension, are also analyzed and moreover, a class of differential flat extended chained systems are introduced. These results are applied to the system of a coin on a rotating table and it is shown that this system is, indeed, differential flat.


The design, synthesis, and complexation characteristics of the ligand 1,2,4,5-tetrakis-(2'-pyridylethynyl)benzene are described. Three distinct essentially planar conformations are demonstrated. Conformational flexibility allows the ligand to adopt an "in−in" conformation and complex silver(I) cations. On self-assembly with resorcinol, the ligand adopts an "out−out" conformation to accommodate the larger resorcinol molecule with pyridyl−hydroxyl hydrogen bonding. In contrast, an "in−out−in−out" conformation is adopted on complexation with 2,7-dinitrofluorenone through weak hydrogen bonds.


In a conventional power divider, power dividing network and isolation network are usually independent of each other. To reduce the size of out-of-phase power divider with arbitrary power ratio, coupled microstrip lines are proposed to facilitate power dividing and isolation of a power divider simultaneously in this article. Formulations have been derived for the proposed out-of-phase power divider with arbitrary ratio. Two compact power dividers are implemented on the printed circuit board (PCB) with power ratio <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k^{2} = 9$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k^{2} = 1000$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. It can be observed that there is a satisfactory agreement between the simulated and measured results.


In this paper, stress intensity factor (SIF) of an infinite plate with a center notched hole is calculated by means of finite element method (FEM) using both triangular quadratic element (TQE) and triangular quarter point element (TQPE) (Fig. 2). The FE analyses are performed using Ansys5.4 program code. SIF also is calculated from linear elastic fracture mechanics. The obtained results are compared to each other and it is found that the results from the TQPE are closer to exact solution.


The idea of the Midwestern one-room schoolhouse is cloaked in nostalgic national memory that paints an image of simplistic rural life. However, in the early twentieth century, this simplistic county school was not the reality; changes in national education in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries demanded more regulations in schools that directly opposed much of what made up the ideal of the one-room schoolhouse. This research explores the standardization of education the United States, addressing topics such as curriculum reform, sanitation, consolidation, and local resistance, to reveal how all of these factors contributed to the steady decline of the one room schoolhouse. Rather than isolating these factors, this paper argues that connections between requirements at both the state and national levels, actions and inaction conducted by the local Midwestern populations, as well as the impact of Progressive Era ideas transformed rural American education. Furthermore, this research encourages the growing development of this relatively new topic within educational history by discussing prominent contributions to the field and insisting on how significant the work of exploring political and social ramification of the standardization phenomena is to the history of the one-room schoolhouse.


These are promotional materials for the upcoming Applied Research in Earth Science Summer School, scheduled for 2017. This in particular is a flyer for the ARiES Summer School.


Based on the RLC balance resistance detection and Δt(time interval between two consecutive discharges) analysis techniques,a DCPD(direct current partial discharge) detection instrument for high-voltage storage capacitors was developed to estimate the performance of a high-voltage storage capacitor.This instrument consists of a good anti-jamming hardware with a 60 to 250 kHz bandwidth and a DCPD analysis software with signal processing and statistic calculation functions.A DCPD test was carried out on capacitor models respectively with classical inner,contact and overlapping defects.The Δt distribution and discharge spectrum show that the DCPD detection instrument can detect partial discharges and find out the reason of partial discharges and the insulation state of a high-voltage storage capacitor.


FIELD: heating system. SUBSTANCE: valve contains the body with the inlet and outlet valve pipes and the float element. The body comprises the fluid channel and formed as the tubular body with the internal radius, including the cup, rigidly fixed inside it and limiting the interior space, having the float element. The cup contains the pair of side plates. The steam-fluid system contains the steam-fluid pipes segments and the gravity steam-fluid valve. The restrictor valve of the gravity valve comprises the inlet and the outlet pipes and the float element. Another version of the steam-fluid system comprises the flexible segment, the flattened segment, the first segment and the outlet for connection to the fuel tank outlet. The tank contains the steam-fluid system of the vehicle, mounted inside it and containing the flexible segment, the flattened segment, the first segment and the outlet. Alternatively, the tank comprises the steam-fluid system of the vehicle, mounted inside it and containing one or more segments of the steam-fluid pipes and the gravity steam-fluid valve. EFFECT: size reduction of the steam-fluid system. 69 cl, 32 dwg


Abstract Textural differences in the occurrence of microcline define augen gneisses, subhedral porphyroblastic gneisses and euhedral porphyroblastic gneisses within the Bartica Assemblage, British Guiana. The introduction of microcline is metasomatic and the nature of the porphyroblasts appears to be a reflection of tectonic control during their development.


We consider discrete-time dynamical systems with a linear relaxation dynamics that are driven by deterministic chaotic forces. By perturbative expansion in a small time scale parameter, we derive from the Perron–Frobenius equation the corrections to ordinary Fokker–Planck equations in leading order of the time scale separation parameter. We present analytic solutions to the equations for the example of driving forces generated by Nth order Chebychev maps. The leading order corrections are universal for but different for N  =  2 and N  =  3. We also study diffusively coupled Chebychev maps as driving forces, where strong correlations may prevent convergence to Gaussian limit behavior.


In the report "Synthesis of uracil under conditions of a thermal model of prebiological chemistry," by S. W. Fox and K. Harada [133, 1923 (16 June 1961)], the abbreviation "dec.," meaning decomposition, was twice incorrectly expanded to "decrease." The two errors appear in the last two paragraphs of col. 2, p. 1923.


Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has a dramatic effect on the natural history of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease, reducing the incidence of opportunistic infections, Kaposi sarcoma, and hematological malignancies, and improving overall survival. Given the known association between non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and both congenital and iatrogenic immunosuppression, the documentation of an increase in incidence of NHL in the HIV-seropositive population in the HAART era is not surprising. Registry linkage studies in the preHAART era found that the incidence of NHL in HIV-positive individuals was 60–200 times higher than in a matched HIV-negative population [1]. In the economically developing countries, the diagnosis and management of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related lymphoma presents a particular challenge and problem for clinicians, given the 'environment of extreme scarcity' [2]. These clinical challenges include access to HAART, drugs for the prevention and management of opportunistic infection, access to intravenous chemotherapy, and the availability of supportive therapy required during chemotherapy [3]. India has the second largest number of individuals with HIV/AIDS in the world. The majority of malignancies among HIV-infected individuals are NHLs. The prevalence of NHL in HIV is 0.36–0.57% in India [4]. Hodgkin lymhomas in HIV-positive persons usually present with B symptoms (i.e. fever, weight loss, night sweats) and widely disseminated extranodal disease and are Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)-positive. Mixed cellularity (increased 18-fold) and lymphocyte depleted (increased 35-fold) are the two unfavorable subtypes seen in most HIV-positive patients [5]. Multivariate analysis has shown that age, baseline CD4 cell count, and no prior HAART are significantly associated with an increased risk of lymphoma [6]. It therefore appears that the immune restoration that accompanies HAART protects against the development of HIV-related lymphoma. This study was designed to assess the frequency and type of hematological malignancies occurring in HIV-infected individuals in the HAART era, in a tertiary care center in North India. The study retrospectively analyzed records of all HIV-infected individuals enrolled in the immunodeficiency clinic of the Department of Internal Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India, from April 2004 to September 2009. Patients with hematological malignancy were selected for further analysis. Details regarding demographic characteristic, date of initial malignancy diagnosis, type of hematological malignancy, site, staging, histopathology, and CD4 at the time of diagnosis were recorded. Details of chemotherapy and antiretroviral therapy (ART) given, and of follow-up in the hematology and immunodeficiency clinic, were also recorded for each case. The results were then compared with the published experience available from India as well as other countries. Retrospective analysis of 5100 HIV-infected individuals between April 2004 and September 2009 was carried out. Hematological malignancy was found in 14 individuals (0.3%). Table I gives a


A bstract . Com posite bundles Q ! (cid:6) ! R ,where (cid:6) ! R is the param eter bundle,provide the adequate m athem atical description of classicalm echanics with tim e-dependent param eters. W e show thattheBerry'sphasephenom enon isdescribed in term sofconnectionson com positeH ilbert space bundles.


This research aims to produce a guided-inquiry based module on Chemical Bonding, also to categorize validity of the module. It is a Research and Development which is used Plomp model which consists of three stages, preliminary research, prototyping stage and assessment phase. The instrument used for this research is questionnaire for validation. Was validated by 5 people, 3 lecturers of Chemistry Department FMIPA UNP and 2 chemistry teachers of SMA Pertiwi 1 Padang. The analysis result of validity sheet showed the average Kappa moment (k) was 0.86. The module that has been  produced is very valid to be used.


To compare the antihypertensive effect of a Rauwolfia whole root‐chlorothiazide combination with reserpine plus chlorothiazide, subjects were selected who had average diastolic pressures of 90 mm. Hg or more at home, in the sitting position. In a double‐blind study providing 3 months on each regimen with a 6 week placebo period intervening, no significant difference in antihypertensive effect was demonstrated between the whole root Rauwolfia‐chlorothiazide combination and the reserpine plus chlorothiazide.


The invention discloses a keyboard fixing device, which is used for fixing a keyboard and comprises a base, wherein the base comprises a supporting piece and an accommodating piece arranged on the supporting piece, a through hole is formed in the supporting piece, a buckling hole is formed in the accommodating piece, the keyboard comprises a keyboard plate, the first side edge of the keyboard plate is provided with a clamping stopping part which is clamped in the buckling hole after penetrating through the through hole, a groove is formed in a second side edge opposite to the first side edge of the keyboard plate, the supporting piece is provided with an elastic sheet and a limiting part, the elastic sheet comprises an elastic part and a buckling part arranged on the elastic part, the limiting part and the buckling part are respectively located on two opposite sides of the elastic part, and when extruding the elastic part to elastically deform at the second side edge, the buckling part is aligned to the groove and then clamped into the groove so as to fix the keyboard on the base.


The aim of the FLASH linac is to create electron bunches of small transverse emittance and high current for the free electron laser facility FLASH at DESY. Available operational experience indicates that in order to optimize SASE signal at different wavelengths or to fine-tune the FEL wavelength, empirical adjustment of the machine parameters is required and, therefore, the sensitivity of the beamline to small changes in the beam energy and in the magnet settings becomes one of the important issues which affects both, the final performance and the reproducibility of the results after breaks in operation. In this article the transverse optics of the FLASH beamline with low sensitivity to changes in beam energy and quadrupole settings is presented. This optics is in operation since spring 2006 and has shown a superior performance with respect to the previous setup of the transverse focusing.


Mining multiple gene coexpressions networks allows for identifying context-specific modules, and improving biological function prediction. Frequent subnetworks represent essential biological modules. Existing algorithms for frequent subgraph mining do not scale for large networks. In this work, we propose a greedy approach for mining approximate frequent subgraphs. Experiments on two real coexpression networks demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. Biological enrichment analysis of the reported patterns show that the patterns are biologically relevant and enriched with known biological processes and KEGG pathways.


Subscribe to The Washington Post's new National Weekly Edition and read the best of The Post's reporting, analysis and opinions on politics, diplomacy, government and economics. The same coverage that informs this nation's leaders. And now during our special introductory offer, you can get this important newsweekly for just $39 a year. To order, complete and mail the coupon to National Weekly Edition, PO Box 37262, Washington, D.C. 20013.


In this paper we first study some properties of the finite-dimensional simple restricted Lie algebras. In the literature is found a one-to-one correspondence between them and finite-dimensional simple Lie algebras over a field of positive characteristic. Motivated by this fact, we give a one-to-one correspondence between their morphisms, which allow us to conclude that such categories are equivalent.


A novel approach for license plate detection of vehicles in movement into dynamic scenes is proposed in this work. By mixing component-based and corner-based algorithms, this approach combines characteristics of the previous ones to improve success rate and robustness. The approach was tested on a database of 500 images taken during the day. A digital camera was mounted in front of a car and photographs of moving vehicles were captured in traffic. Success rates of 91.8%, 90.8% and 95.6% were accomplished for the three approaches despite diverse illumination and the physical conditions of the plates.


We present a set of static analyses for removing write barriers in programs that use generational garbage collection. To our knowledge, these are the first analyses for this purpose. Our Intraprocedural analysis uses a flow-sensitive pointer analysis to locate variables that must point to the most recently allocated object, then eliminates write barriers on stores to objects accessed via one of these variables. The Callee Type Extension incorporates information about the types of objects allocated in invoked methods, while the Caller Context Extension incorporates information about the most recently allocated object at call sites that invoke the currently analyzed method. Results from our implemented system show that our Full Interprocedural analysis, which incorporates both extensions, can eliminate the majority of the write barriers in most of the programs in our benchmark set, producing modest performance improvements of up to 7% of the overall execution time. Moreover, by dynamically instrumenting the executable, we are able to show that for all but two of our nine benchmark programs, our analysis is close to optimal in the sense that it eliminates the write barriers for almost all store instructions observed not to create a reference from an older object to a younger object.


We address the estimation of the Integrated Squared Error (ISE) of a predictor $\eta (x)$ of an unknown function f learned using data acquired on a given design ${\mathbf{X}_{n}}$. We consider ISE estimators that are weighted averages of the residuals of the predictor $\eta (x)$ on a set of selected points ${\mathbf{Z}_{m}}$. We show that, under a stochastic model for f, minimisation of the mean squared error of these ISE estimators is equivalent to minimisation of a Maximum Mean Discrepancy (MMD) for a non-stationary kernel that is adapted to the geometry of ${\mathbf{X}_{n}}$. Sequential Bayesian quadrature then yields sequences of nested validation designs that minimise, at each step of the construction, the relevant MMD. The optimal ISE estimate can be written in terms of the integral of a linear reconstruction, for the assumed model, of the square of the interpolator residuals over the domain of f. We present an extensive set of numerical experiments which demonstrate the good performance and robustness of the proposed solution. Moreover, we show that the validation designs obtained are space-filling continuations of ${\mathbf{X}_{n}}$, and that correct weighting of the observed interpolator residuals is more important than the precise configuration ${\mathbf{Z}_{m}}$ of the points at which they are observed.


The benefits of sport for children seem obvious. Sport improves fitness, well-being and self-esteem, although there is little evidence that it prevents obesity. Team sports generally help develop strong interpersonal relationships between children, if not always between aggressive parents on the touchline. Parents and grandparents often gain great enjoyment from children's sporting activities, perhaps hoping to fulfil their own thwarted sporting ambitions. Being coach or manager of one's own child's team can be formative in the parent–child relationship and can teach both the child and the parent important lessons about fairness. Of course not everyone is a sports-lover. George Orwell called it 'an unfailing cause of ill-will'. Some children and some parents hate sport, which raises the question of whether or not participation in school sports should be compulsory. Sport is potentially useful to channel aggression, particularly male aggression due to what Philip Roth calls preposterone, into constructive or at least less destructive avenues. It would be nice to think that sport might substitute for war, although currently both seem equally popular. Sometimes they coincide. Ritual human sacrifice was an integral feature of the ball-game played since 1400 BC by the pre-Columbian peoples of Mexico and Central America. At Chichen Itza in Mexico, there is a mural depicting the captain of one of the teams being ritually beheaded at the end of the game, although this was considered an honour, so there is debate whether it was the losing or winning captain who lost his head. In 1969 when Honduras and El Salvador played three qualifying matches for the next year's World Cup, they never actually played the third qualifier. The violence between fans watching the first two games was so extreme that it precipitated all-out war between the two countries, known as the Soccer War. Sport has given its name to the concept of sportsmanship and being a good sport, although there are considerable cultural variations in what constitutes sportsmanship. In some countries, soccer players who 'dive' (fall over without being touched to win a penalty) are punished as cheats, whereas in other parts of the world, diving is generally considered a praiseworthy art form. Cricket has its own ethical code. 'It's not cricket' is a stern moral judgement. Cheating is frowned upon, although television replays show it is sometimes practised. There is a perennial debate about walking (giving oneself out) after a batsman has snicked the ball. Some batsmen never walk, some always do and some may or may not walk. It is common to vilify the opponents for not walking even when your own players do not always walk. It is all part of the rich tapestry of cricket that makes it incomprehensible to anyone from a non-cricket–playing country. Principles of equity dictate that intellectual or physical disability should not be an impediment to participating in sport. On the contrary, there is good evidence that organised sport and exercise programmes carry significant health benefits. However, there are many real and perceived barriers to children with disability playing sport, and it may take persistence, encouragement and advocacy to overcome these barriers. What are the risks of sport? Sportsmen and, to a lesser extent, women are often portrayed as gladiators, which may translate into a philosophy that values physical aggression above skill. Sports injuries may be seen as an inevitable accompaniment rather than preventable. During a junior cricket match I protested to the opposition coach that his own son was not wearing a helmet to face our demon-fast bowler. He replied that helmets were optional. After the first ball parted his hair, the boy came running back. He had forgotten his box (for non-cricket lovers doi:10.1111/jpc.12717 bs_bs_banner


This paper will expand the third-order shear deformation theory by the double-Fourier series and reduce to the solution of a system of ordinary differential equations in time, which are integrated numerically using Newmark's direct integration method and clarify the undamped dynamic responses for the cross-ply and antisymmetric angle-ply laminated composite plates and shells with simply supported boundary condition. Numerical results for deflections are presented showing the effect of side-to-thickness ratio, aspect ratio, material anisotropy, and lamination scheme.


Using a unique employee–establishment survey, we find a causal relationship between an individual employee's trust of management and their decision-making rights (delegation). We utilize both fixed effects (FE) and instrumental variables to control for unobserved factors: establishment-level FE control for management quality, practices, culture, and other characteristics; our instruments of inherited trust in management, and trust of equivalent workers in a different but similar country address the possible endogeneity of employee trust. Across all specifications, we find that delegation to a worker is more likely if that employee trusts management. In our preferred model, which includes establishment FE and accounts for endogeneity, we find a 1 standard deviation (SD) increase in employee trust increases delegation by approximately 0.6 of 1 SD. Our results are robust to the inclusion of worker preferences for individualism (which favors delegation), incentives/bonuses, and alternative measures of decision authority. (JEL D23, L22, L23).


In this paper we propose a detection technique to identify misbehaving client in wireless mesh networks. The technique is devised based on the communication history for two communicating clients through a common set of routers. Individual trust relationship is calculated for both the clients with their common routers. Then a correlation value for each client is found and compared with a predefined threshold to determine whether a client is spurious or not. We evaluate the performance of the proposed detection technique through simulation and results show that the detection efficiency is better with small number of misbehaving clients.


The purpose of this research study was to investigate if there were differences in students' school climate perceptions based on the independent variables, which were measured on a nominal scale and included school diversity (highly, moderately, minimally), ethnicity (Black, Hispanic, White, Other), educational category (general education, special education), socioeconomic status (eligible for free priced meals, not eligible for free priced meals) and academic achievement (SOL scores—pass, fail). Different, daily personal experiences and cultural perspectives engendered students' dissimilar school climate perceptions, and impacted their academic performance. Therefore, this study examined the extent to which students' school climate perceptions affected their academic achievement. The quantitative data were determined from the survey instrument, The School Climate Survey, developed by Emmons, Haynes, and Comer (2002) of the Yale Child Study Center. The dependent variables, measured on an interval scale, included six factors of school climate: student interpersonal relations, student-teacher relations, sharing of resources, order and discipline, parent involvement, and the school building. The qualitative data were determined from students' written statements and group interviews. The results revealed statistically significant differences in students' perceptions of student-teacher relations, based on school diversity, ethnicity, and educational category. Most of the students who were offended by adverse student-teacher relationships failed to achieve with a higher frequency than students who indicated positive relationships. The findings suggested that systemic reforms in pedagogy that engaged students could empower their self-efficacy and achievement.


Community education is a product of social development and it is an inevitable choice for grass-roots Radio and TV Universities to engage in it.In the past thirty years,Radio and TV University has formed its relatively perfect education network,possessed rich experience and numerous teaching resources.The author argues that RTV university has its irreplaceable status and role on community education.Jiaxing,a pioneer in urban-rural integration,is explored to show its successful experience in this area.


Aqueous extracts of leaves of botanicals i.e. Argemone maxicana, Azadirachta indica, Calotropis procera, Datura inoxia, Delonix regia, Parthenium hysterophorous, Moringa oteifera, Saraca asoka and Withania sominifera plants were tested against root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita under in-vitro trials. Undiluted crude leaf extracts of A. maxicana, A. indica and P. hysterophorous exhibited 78, 62 and 70 larve inhibition from eggs and 100, 100 and 60% mortality (out of hatched juveniles), respectively whereas Purpureocillium lilacinum (check) exhibited 79% inhibition of egg hatch and 31% mortality. Another in-vitro trial on mortality of tested nematode was observed up to 72 h with a revival test for 24 h. After revival 100% mortality was recorded with A. indica followed by


Radiologists and cardiologists who meet image interpretation requirements for cardiac CT competence certification do equally well on the test, according to results of the first Cardiac CT Board Examination. Board exam results also hint that actual clinical experience counts more toward passing scores than does medical education.


Objective:To investigate the cause correlation of the postmenopausal vaginal bleeding.Methods:280 cases of physiological menopause vaginal bleeding were more than 1 year in patients with clinical and pathological analysis.Results:280 cases of vaginal bleeding in postmenopausal patients,160 cases of genital inflammation(accounting for 57.14%) ,60 cases of dysfunctional uterine bleeding(accounting for 21.43%) ,29 cases of malignant neoplasms(accounting for 10.35%) ,31 cases of other benign lesions(accounting for 11.07%) .Conclusion:The cause of postmenopausal bleeding due to the largest number of genital inflammation,age of onset,the longer the post-menopausal bleeding patients should be alert to the occurrence of the malignant tumor.


In this paper, we introduce a 2-level distributed database architecture combined with the Group Registration (GR) location tracking strategy to be used in 3G wireless networks. With this strategy, the total location management cost is reduced by updating the location of MTs (Mobile Terminals) in an RA with a single route response message to the HSS (Home Subscriber Server). The Location Registration and Call Delivery procedures are presented in detail. The extensive analysis of the numerical results shows that the GR strategy integrated with a 2-level distributed databases architecture in 3G networks can achieve a significant reduction of the total cost per call arrival, as well as, a reduction of the call delivery latency, compared to the corresponding costs of the distributed databases without the GR strategy and the GR strategy without distributed databases.


In this study, we consider a directed k-Chinese postmen problem that aims to balance the costs of the postmen, while maintaining the total cost as small as possible. We formulate the problem as a pure integer nonlinear programming model. We propose three solution algorithms that use efficient incorporation of the heuristic subtour elimination constraints. Our computational results have revealed the satisfactory performances of our heuristic solution algorithms.


A new technique to implement a nonuniformly-spaced photonic microwave delay-line filter using a spatially discrete chirped fiber Bragg grating (SD-CFBG) is proposed and investigated. It is different from a regular nonuniformly-spaced photonic microwave delay-line filter where a laser array with nonuniformly spaced wavelengths is used to provide nonuniformly-spaced filter taps, the proposed method employs a single incoherent broadband optical source. The SD-CFBG is acting as a multifunctional device, to slice the broadband spectrum to generate the required filter taps, to provide nonuniform time delays to the taps, and to tailor the weights of the filter taps. By properly designing the spectral response of the SD-CFBG, a photonic microwave delay-line filter with arbitrary magnitude and phase response can be implemented. Based on this concept, a nonuniformly-spaced photonic microwave delay-line filter with a flat-top bandpass magnitude response and a quadratic phase response is designed and analyzed. The use of the designed filter for chirped microwave pulse compression is investigated.


Previously, patients with haemophilia were at high risk of infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) from contaminated, non-heat-treated clotting factor concentrates. Thus, the prevalence of HIV antibodies in haemophiliacs is high, e.g. in Danish haemophiliacs about 30%. We report here 10 haemophiliacs with transient Western-blot-reactive HIV antibodies, presumably transmitted passively with factor VIII concentrates. Western blots were made on 17 different commercial factor VIII preparations produced before 1985 by seven firms, and on serum samples from 10 haernophiliacs, collected in 1985 and 1987. All patient samples were found negative for HIV antibodies with a conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and none of the patients had clinical manifestations of AIDS. Two commercially available Western blot kits (DuPontlBiotech Research Laboratories) were used, one for detecting IgG antibodies to HIV and another for detecting IgG antibodies to cellular antigens from the H-9 cell culture used in the production of the HIV. This control is necessary as viral proteins are usually contaminated with some cellular material. The manufacturers' recommended Western blot procedures were followed, including a standard 1 : 100 dilution of serum samples and factor VIII preparations (ready for intravenous use) in goat serum. In 1 case, further dilutions of a factor VIII product were made in HIV-antibody-negative human serum. The Western blot bands obtained after processing of the nitrocellulose strips were graded as: barely visible, weak, or strong. The positive controls supplied by the manufacturer always gave strong bands for p 15, p 17, p24, p3 1, gp4 1, p51, p55, p66, gp120, and gp160 (fig. 1). Seven factor VIII products from three Danish or Swedish firms were negative in both Western blots. But in 10 factor VIII concentrates from other European countries or the USA, several HIV-antigen bands, graded from Fig. 1. The anti-HIV Western blot pattern. Lane 24: positive control serum; lane 16: factor VIII product; lane 17: factor VIII product in a final dilution 1: 1,000; lane 18: factor VIII product in a final dilution 1: 10,000; lane 19: patient serum sample showing typical pattern (bands for gp 120 and gp 160); lane 23: negative control serum.


In spite of the increasing importance to hydrocarbon exploration of the Palaeozoic succession in southwest Iran (Zagros Belt), few comprehensive diagenetic studies of this interval have been carried out. This is the first study presented on the diagenetic characteristics of the Early Permian Faraghan Formation in its most representative exposures in the Zagros region. This formation is dominated by cross‐stratified sandstones at outcrop, along with stromatolitic dolomite, dolomitized limestones and subordinate siltstone/sandy shales. The formation grades upward into the thick‐bedded carbonates of the Late Permian Dalan Formation. Both formations are major hydrocarbon reservoirs in SW Iran and are time equivalents of the Unayzah and Khuff formations, respectively, in Saudi Arabia. The constituent facies of the Faraghan Formation represent sedimentation in a siliciclastic shallow‐marine environment with foreshore (including tidal flat and numerous tidal channels), estuary, sabkha, shoreface and offshore sub‐environments. In this study, the development of ferroan dolomite cements in the Faraghan Formation is investigated. Geometrically, ferroan dolomite cements occur in laterally extensive, cemented beds in conglomerates and sandstones, stratabound layers and as nodules in sandstones. Their various petrographic characteristics (such as microcrystalline nature, preservation of porosity, formation as the first diagenetic phase on the grains and their high volume) all indicate an eodiagenetic origin. Oxygen isotopic signatures of the cement (−2.10 to −6.42‰) are close to the proposed content for Lower Permian seawater. Development of this cement is attributed to the eodiagenetic environment marked by fresh and seawater mixing. In this setting, sabkha‐type dolomitic grains/lithics acted as nucleation sites facilitating dolomite cement precipitation. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Social networking has gradually become a routine for people to post their opinions, views and comments on any product or person. People share their feelings online in a very informal language. Thus, it is very difficult task to analyze exact sentiments attached with that natural language. Sentiment Analysis is a study of people's attitude, opinions, and emotions to classify whether it is positive, negative or neutral. Use of emoticons on social media has increased rapidly in recent years. Hence, we have focused more on how emoticons play an important role in sentiment analysis. Various factors that affect sentiment analysis are discussed briefly in this paper. Also various issues like sarcasm detection, multilingualism, handling acronyms and slang language, lexical variation and dynamic dictionary handling are discussed.


PART 1: HEALTH IN CHILDHOOD. Module 1: Understanding families. Introduction. 1. The family. 2. Roles and relationships. 3. Functions of the family. 4. Child-rearing practices. References. Module 2: The growing child. Introduction. 1. The nature of childhood. 2. Growth and maturation. 3. Theoretical perspectives -- cognitive development. 4. Theoretical perspectives -- the social world of the child. 5. Play and education. References. Module 3: Promoting child health. Introduction. 1. Trends in child health. 2. Health. 3. Children's perceptions of health. 4. Developing strategies for health. 5. Role of children's nurses in child health promotion. 6. Aspects of health in childhood. References. PART 2: HEALTH AND DEVIATIONS IN CHILDHOOD. Module 4: Understanding families in stress. Introduction. 1. The influence of family stress upon the child. 2. Hospitalisation and illness. 3. Death and the family. 4. Chronic illness -- family stress and coping. 5. Living with a disability. 6. Violence in the family. References. Module 5: Principles of caring for sick children. Introduction. 1. Hearing children's voices in NHS service delivery and evaluation. 2. Creating an appropriate hospital environment for children. 3. Preparation for hospital and procedures. 4. Assessment of the sick child. 5. Day care. 6. Emergency care. 7. Administration of medicines. 8. Providing nutrition. 9. Maintaining fluid balance. 10. Caring for children in pain. 11. The role of the nurse as a surrogate. 12. Community nursing. 13. Pre- and post-operative care. 14. Aspects of paediatric intensive care. 15. Caring for the dying child and the family. References. Module 6: Specific care of sick children. Introduction. 1. Principles of care -- children with blood disorders. 2. Principles of care -- children with problems of bones, joints and muscles. 3. Principles of care -- children with a circulatory disturbance. 4. Principles of care -- children with a metabolic or endocrine disorder. 5. Principles of care -- children with eye, ear, nose and throat disorders. 6. Principles of care -- the child with altered gastro-intestinal function. 7. Principles of care -- children with genito-urinary problems. 8. Principles of care -- children with problems related to the immune system. 9. Principles of care -- children with a neurological problem. 10. Principles of care -- children with altered breathing. 11. Principles of care -- children with skin disorders. 12. Mental health in childhood. 13. Care of the sick and preterm newborn. 14. Principles of care -- children undergoing cytotoxic treatment and radiotherapy. 15. Principles of care -- children and adolescents with problems related to sexuality. References. PART 3: PROFESSIONAL ISSUES IN CHILD CARE. Module 7: The development and process of children's nursing. Introduction. 1. The history of children's nursing. 2. Roles of the children's nurse. 3. Models of nursing -- useless theory or an aid to practice. 4. Models of children's nursing. 5. Family-centred care. 6. The nurse as a developing professional. 7. Children's nursing in a multi-cultural society. 8. The future of children's nursing. References. Module 8: Legal and ethical issues. Introduction. 1. Consent to treatment. 2. Children's Act 1989. 3. Confidentiality. 4. Research. References. Module 9: Managing professional practice. Introduction. 1. Discharge planning. 2. The nurse as leader. 3. The organisation of patient care. 4. Standard setting and audit. 5. Work force allocation. 6. Risk management. References. Index


The article is an attempt to analytically portray the scene of the trial of three Christians, taking place on the Capitol Hill, in front of the temple of Jupiter in Norwid's poem Quidam . This monumental fresco, divided into many smaller sequences, clearly distinguishes itself from intimate shots prevalent in the text, narrowed to small spaces, small groups of people. The analysis focuses here primarily on the reconstruction of the trial from the perspective of Roman law. Ultimately, this leads to the recognition of historical legal awareness of Norwid, who, upon constructing one of the fundamental visions of his work, drew on the knowledge and literature of the mid-19 th -century concerning the role and significance of Roman law.


Teaching grid portal can effectively improve network teaching environment and campus network resources utilization. Providing an effective access control mechanism that meets the requirement of the least privilege principle is essential. Adherence to the least privilege principle requires continuous adjustments of user permissions in order to adapt to the current situation. This paper presents a context-aware access control mechanism for the teaching grid portal. The proposed mechanism builds upon and enhances security mechanisms provided by the Grid Security Infrastructure. It provides tight, just-in-time permissions so that authorized users get access to specific objects according to the current context. These permissions are subject to continuous adjustments triggered by the changing context. Thus, the risk of compromising information integrity during task executions is reduced.


An attempt has been made to put light on the saying of Gandhi and his educational philosophy on life, cultural education, basic education. Gandhiji wanted to convert the whole world into non-violence and see the society where citizens are living in harmony. This purpose of non-violence and harmony can be achieved only by following the various quotes of Gandhiji. According to him, truth and education helps one to reach at the peak of self-realization. He wanted a silent social revolution through basic education.


Summary.  Background: Replacement therapy with exogenous factor VIII to treat hemorrhages induces inhibitory anti‐FVIII antibodies in up to 30% of patients with hemophilia A. Current approaches to eradicate FVIII inhibitors using high‐dose FVIII injection protocols (immune tolerance induction) or anti‐CD20 depleting antibodies (Rituximab) demonstrate limited efficacy; they are extremely expensive and/or require stringent compliance from the patients. Objectives: To investigate whether the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib, which depletes plasmocytes, modulates the anti‐FVIII immune response in FVIII‐deficient mice. Methods and results: Preventive 4‐week treatment of naïve mice with bortezomib at the time of FVIII administration delayed the development of inhibitory anti‐FVIII IgG, and depleted plasma cells as well as different lymphoid cell subsets. Conversely, curative treatment of inhibitor‐positive mice for 10 weeks, along with FVIII administration, failed to eradicate FVIII inhibitors to extents that would be clinically relevant if achieved in patients. Accordingly, bortezomib did not eradicate anti‐FVIII IgG‐secreting plasmocytes that had homed to survival niches in the bone marrow, despite significant elimination of total plasma cells. Conclusions: The data suggest that strategies for the efficient reduction of anti‐FVIII IgG titers in patients with hemophilia A should rely on competition for survival niches for plasmocytes in the bone marrow rather than the mere use of proteasome inhibitors.


1. A multilayer flexible flat material for matrix delivery chamber limitation in obtaining the fiber-reinforced plastic parts of the blanks (1) based on fiber composites injection method for introducing under pressure the matrix material, wherein the flat material comprises a gas-permeable but impermeable membrane matrix (41) , gas impermeable film (44), and the high-permeability for gas separation layer (43) which is arranged between the membrane (41) and the film (44) and holds the film (44) at a distance from the membrane (41) when a vacuum is created between the membrane (41) and the film (44), characterized in that! the membrane (41) consists of a microporous polyurethane membrane or a microporous membrane of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene, which caused the reinforcing membrane (41) is a textile layer (42)! the textile layer (42) is a separating layer (43), and! ikroporistaya membrane (41) and textile layer (42) and the separating layer together form a multifunctional laminate (40, 40 ') and firmly connected with each other. ! 2. A flat material according to claim 1, characterized in that the film (44) is fixedly connected with a separating layer (43) so that the film (44) also forms part of a multifunctional laminate (40 '). ! 3. A flat material according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the separating layer (43) comprises a plurality of spacers (45) arranged in the form of protuberances. ! 4. A flat material according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the separating layer (43) has a thickness of from 170 to 1000 microns. ! 5. A flat material according to claim 3, characterized in that the separating layer (43) has a thickness of from 170 to 1000 microns.


The ultrastructure of spermiogenesis of Chlamys farreri was observed with EM. The spermiogenesis consists of three stages. (1)Early stage: aproximal centriole inserts the implantation fossa behind the lump nuclear. A large number of flagellums were observed around lump nuclear. (2)Middle stages: the nuclear changes from lump to streamline. Preacrosome vesicle changes shape and become acrosome and subacrosmal space. The centriolar satellite was disintegrated from the proximal centriole. (3)End stages: acrosome and subacrosmal space cover on the top of the barrel-shaped nuclear, the centriole tubes form, and a mature sperm appears.


Aim: The aim of this study was to find the comparative effect of mulligan mobilization with movement (MWM) technique versus Kaltenborn mobilization technique on pain, disability and end range of motion of shoulder joint in patients with adhesive capsulitis. Method: The study was a randomized controlled trial with a sample of 30 subjects, 19 were female, 11 were male, and all subjects were assigned according to criteria (inclusion & exclusion) and carried out at physiotherapy OPD of CSS Hospital, Meerut. The subjects were equally divided into three groups such as group A (10 subjects, 3 male and 7 female), Group B (10 subjects, 4 male and 6 female) and Group C (10 subjects, 2 male and 8 female). Range of motion of the shoulder joint, ROM and pain was assessed by using the goniometry & VAS questionnaire respectively. The subjects were reassessed at 3 weeks after completion of intervention. Results: The collected data were of mean and standard deviation of goniometry and SPADI score and has been analyzed using SPSS software version 19.0. The study was done to find out the comparative effect of Mulligan MWM technique versus Kaltenborn mobilization technique on pain and end range of motion of shoulder joint in patients with adhesive capsulitis. Conclusion: This study shows that the effect of Mulligan MWM technique and Kaltensborn mobilization technique was significant in reducing pain and improving end range of motion but on comparison Mulligan 'MWM' was more effective than Kaltenborn mobilization technique. Sumit Ragav Assistant Professor Subharti College of Physiotherapy Swami Vivekanand Subharti University Delhi-Haridwar Road, Bye Pas Road, NH-58, Meerut-250005 (Uttar Pradesh) India Email: email@example.com Anshika Singh Assistant Professor Swami Vivekanand Subharti University Delhi-Haridwar Road, Bye Pas Road, NH-58, Meerut-250005 (Uttar Pradesh) India


Objective To investigate the contrast sensitivity and glare disability of the lower degree myopic patients after photorefractive keratectomy(PRK) using CSV 1000. Methods Twenty four patients (46 eyes) were selected (spherical equivalent-3.61D±1.10D). Measurements of contrast sensitivity preoperative and at 1, and 6 months after PRK with and without glare, respectively. Results Patients' contrast sensitivity obviously descended early at 3c/d and 18c/d after 1 month( P 0.05), and the glare test had no obvious descent. The contrast sensitivity restored to the normal range after 6 months. Conclusion Patients' contrast sensitivity obviously descends early after PRK. The glare test suggests that the glare effect belongs to discomfort glare . The disturbance of the visual quality after PRK can be restored to normal.


Key points  •  Symptoms of Parkinson's disease are associated with increased bursting activity in the subthalamic nucleus and substantia nigra zona reticulata (SNR). •  In slices of rat brain, a single electrical stimulus to the STN evokes a complex EPSC and bursts of action potentials in SNR neurons. •  We show that dopamine acts at D2‐like receptors to cause marked and reversible inhibition of the complex EPSC. •  Dopamine also inhibited stimulus‐evoked bursts of action potentials more than reducing spontaneous firing. •  Inhibition of synaptically generated burst firing by D2 receptor agonists may be a clinically important mechanism in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.


We investigate the factors influencing the selection of stocks for option listing. Exchanges tend to list options on stocks with high trading volume, volatility, and market capitalization, but the relative effect of these factors has changed over time as markets have evolved. We observe a shift from volume toward volatility after the moratorium on new listings ended in 1980. Using control sample methodology designed to correct for the endogeneity of option listing, we find no evidence that volatility declines with option introduction, in contrast to previous studies that do not use control samples. Copyright 2004 by The American Finance Association.


At present,less attention to the practice and too much importance to the theory and knowledge teaching is a universal problem in universities upgraded from normal colleges.Single mode,outdated content and fragment system has a negative effect on the practical teaching quality.The practical teaching mode of three normal universities offer us much advice on organization and management,faculty building of practical teaching.


THE INVENTION CONCERNS A DEVICE AGREEMENT ANTENNA HIGH FREQUENCY. 2 THIS ANTENNA IS CONNECTED TO THE ISSUER OF POWER THAT PROVIDES 8 PERIODICALLY OF A HIGH FREQUENCY SIGNAL POWER F, F F ... PREDETERMINED. THE DEVICE 1 AGREEMENT INCLUDES FOR EACH FREQUENCY CAPACITOR AGREE OR C C C OR ... CONNECTED TO SWITCH I OR I OR I ... THESE SWITCHES ARE RELATED TO CONTROL MEANS 11 THEMSELVES LINKED TO OUTPUT 18, 19, 20 fREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION SIGNAL PROVIDED BY THE GENERATOR. ALSO INCLUDES THE DEVICE MEANS 21 DETECTION SIGNAL POWER ISSUED BY THE ANTENNA TO PREVENT SWITCHING THROUGHOUT THE DURATION OF EMISSION POWER BY THE ANTENNA ON A PREDETERMINED FREQUENCY. APPLICATION TO POWER SIGNAL EMISSION ANTENNA HIGH FREQUENCY.


Objective To measure calcaneal quantative ultrasound in ground and underground miners, and to study the influence of environmental factors on bone metabolism. Methods Calcaneal quantitative ultrasound was measured in 200 miners using a UBIS3000 QUS apparatus, and the measuring data were compared between the under ground miners (aged 20 to 48 years) and the ground miners (aged 20 to 54 years), all males. Results BUA, STI and SOS in underground miners were significantly lower than those in ground miners ( P 0.01). Conclusion The influence of environmental factors results in the abnormal bone metabolism and the increased bone absorption, suggesting that the of osteoporosis should be prevented and treated, and factors of fracture, should be reduced in underground miners.