This chapter explores the relevance of sociological theory to an acute modern societal problem, the problem of participation in democratic societies. Extended forms of political participation are called for on a wide variety of fronts as a possible contribution to the solution of highly complex and often partisan issues of collective decision-making and coordination. It examines the relationship between public participation and sociological theory. It takes up and seeks to combine a number of frontlines in sociological theory, viz, the status of normative given the rise of discursive sociology and the associated relationship between what author describes as normative-pragmatic theories and the strong theory of differentiation represented by Luhmann. The chapter suggests that there is potential for a critical synthesis of differentiation and pragmatic traditions in order to propose some ideas on how participation in contemporary democracies can be sociologically addressed from the standpoint of discourse and political structure formation. Keywords: democratic societies; discourse; normative-pragmatic theories; political structure; public participation; sociological theory


A collaboration between poetry and nationalism, exemplified by the tutelary border guard or "genius of the shore," accounts for the interest of many Renaissance poems; redrawing the map, poets express the myths and grievances that hold their nations together. In "Lycidas," Milton tries to redeem the fatal voyage of Edward King, his Anglo-Irish friend, by renewing the ideal of a missionary spirit, joining poet, saint, and soldier in a protectorate to bridge Ireland and England. In The Lusiads, Camões personifies the Cape of Storms as the titan Adamastor ("Unconquerable"), who curses the audacity of da Gama's voyagers and predicts their future calamities; hence the figure represents both the glory and the self-pity of Portugal and of its national poet. Though Milton and Camões hope for a bright colonial future, they turn their faces, like Benjamin's Angel of History, toward memories of shipwreck in the past.


Three-phase micro-inverters are critical to the success of AC modules in Mega Watt PV farms. A high performance micro-inverter must have high power density, high reliability, and low cost. Boundary Current Mode (BCM), Variable Hysteresis Current Mode (VHCM), and Constant Hysteresis Current Mode (CHCM) are derived from a proposed softswitching current mode control scheme which is based on the general half-bridge three-phase inverter topology. The frequency range and switch losses are compared and discussed. The VHCM has the highest efficiency at over 97.6%, while the CHCM has the narrowest frequency range. A hybrid control platform combining analog and logic units with DSP was designed and built to achieve the high-speed peak current control. A high frequency, high efficiency, and high power density micro-inverter was built for experimentation. The experimental results verify that the proposed control scheme is a promising solution for high performance three-phase micro-inverters.


Secondary school stage is one of the most crucial and significant stage of the entire life span of an individual. It is also a period of revolutionary changes in all aspects of development. During this period human personality develops new dimensions. An individual faces tremendous problems of coping with these changes, which creates anxieties and worries. It is also a period of career selection and vocational development for their future. Sometimes it creates tensions and conflicts in the mind of adolescents in selecting a right career for their future. The role of parents is very significant in this regard. In the present study the investigator has tried to study career preferences of secondary school students and the role of parental guidance in selecting the right career. A Sample of 3o male and 30 female students were taken in this study and random sampling technique was used for selecting the sample.


8007 Background: MM pts have an 8-10 fold higher risk of developing acute myeloid leukemia (AML) than the general population. MM-015 compared MPR-R vs fixed-duration MP or MPR in transplant-ineligible pts ≥65 yrs. This analysis evaluated SPM incidence rates (IRs) and standardized incidence ratios (SIR).

METHODS
IRs were calculated for AML and solid tumor (ST) malignancies. Expected IRs used to calculate SIR were derived from 23,838 MM pts identified in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Cancer Registries between 1973-2000 (Dores 2006).

RESULTS
As of May 2010 cut-off, total cases of SPM were 4/150 in MPR-R (IR=1.40), 6/152 in MPR (IR=2.05) and 2/153 in MP (IR=0.67), including 2 myelodysplastic syndromes cases in MPR-R and 2 AML cases in each of MPR-R and MPR. 11 pts with complex cytogenetics were randomized to MPR-R/MPR and none randomized to MP. Of these, 3 developed AML; 2 MDS. ST were of heterogeneous tumor types. No B-cell malignancies were reported. Median progression-free survival (PFS) of MPR-R vs MP was 31 vs 13 mos (P < .001; median follow-up: 25 months), with a reduced risk of progression of 60% (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.395). When SPM were added as additional events for PFS, results remained unchanged (HR = 0.408; P <.001).

CONCLUSIONS
An imbalance of AML incidence was observed in MPR/MPR-R vs MP, but incidence was low (0.7% vs 0%) and associated with complex baseline cytogenetics. ST IRs were low and similar for all arms. At present, the SPM risk is similar to that reported in other studies. Longer follow-up is needed to definitively assess the risk of SPM in NDMM pts receiving lenalidomide and alkylating agents. Evaluation will continue with updated data at the meeting. [Table: see text].


Based on studying and extending the non-pollution cultivation technology of nectarine as fresh food,this paper maked a systematic summarization on the non-pollution cultivation techniques for nectarine as fresh food,it included: shaping and pruning,management of soil,fertilizer and water,disease and pest control,fruit harvesting and management after picking.


According to Feynman's model,the field superposition principle and the magnetic field of an infinite solenoid of circular crosssection,the magnetic field of an infinite solenoid of arbitrarily shaped crosssection is calculated.


State constitutional amendment and revision procedures differ substantially from formal procedures for amending the U.S. Constitution. Popular participation andfrequent change in state constitutions contribute to significant differences between state and national constitutional politics. State constitutions are widely perceived to be "political" documents, whose amendment is not much different from ordinary legislative and electoral politics. The U.S. Constitution is regarded as relatively permanent and "above politics." "Neither perception is wholly accurate. Differences between state and national procedures and politics are at issue in the recent revival of state constitutions as sources of civil rights and liberties. An analysis of constitutional amendments suggests that use of the ballot proposition, which is unique to the states, tends to restrict civil rights somewhat in criminal justice while somewhat expanding support for new rights in other areas, including those not fully protected by the national government.


Among the urban regional events produced extensively in Korean societies in recent times, an increasing number of events have been created based on historical resources, tradition, or folklore. Along with the yutnori game that is traditionally played on the first full moon of the New Year in neighborhoods in Seoul, a few select neighborhoods have frequently hosted ritual events, such as sansinje, dodangje, and bukundangje, rooted in the traditions of each region. The continuation of the ritual events based on traditional


The drama of Jean-Paul Sartre is primarily an investigation into the meaning of the human condition. The question of primary concern is: What does it mean to be a human being? Through his drama, Sartre reveals the nature of the existential situation. This thesis looks at five plays of Sartre and discusses the philosophical ideas in each.


Summary: Polymerization of caprolactone using lipases from Candida antarctica B, Rhizomucor meihei, Candida rugosa, and Pseudomonas fluorescens is highly effective, with 97% conversion into polycaprolactone. Poly(propylene)-supported Candida rugosa lipase achieves higher conversion values (85–92%) than free lipase (75%). Acidic and basic non-conventional catalysis with butanol yields 50–85% conversion. Simple UV/visible techniques gave the same results for measuring conversion than other studies. Applications are opened for the non-conventional catalysts.

Mechanism of the polymerization of caprolactone polymerization using a basic catalyst.


In 2004 the sociologist Rosemary Pringle remarked that the 'climate of apology' surrounding adoption in Australia, linked with understandable shame regarding past adoption practices and the 'stolen generation' of Aboriginal children, meant that it had become 'almost impossible' to endorse adoption as a policy option (Pringle 2004, 225). In 2004, this was an apt call for all the reasons outlined astutely by Pringle.


Objective To know the survival of blood transmit virus markers on stomatological instruments after disinfection and sterilization,in order to strengthen prevention and control measures of hospital infection in stomatological department.Methods Field sampling and ELISA method were used to detect stomatological instruments after disinfection and sterilization in 49 hospitals in Datong.Results 244 samples and 14 types of instruments were tested,of which 38 were blood transmit virus markers positive,the positive rate was 15.57%.Of 38 positive samples,28 samples was HBsAg positive,positive rate is 11.48%;10 samples was anti-HCV positive,positive rate was 4.10%.Conclusions Positive rate of blood transmit virus markers on stomatological instruments was high,which show disinfection and sterilization effect is not reliable.We should strengthen the management of stomatological instruments disinfection.


Purpose

The aim of this study is to evaluate the potential geographic locations for ecotourism activities and to select the best one among alternatives.

Design/methodology/approach

The proposed model consists of four sequential phases. In the first phase, different geographic criteria are determined based on existing literature, and data are gathered using GIS. On equal criteria weighing, alternative locations are determined using GIS in the second phase. In the third phase, the identified criteria are weighted using analytical hierarchy process (AHP) by various stakeholders of potential ecotourism sites. In the fourth phase, the PROMETHEE method is applied to determine the best alternative based on the weighted criteria.

Findings

A framework including four sequential steps is proposed. Using real data from the Black Sea region in Turkey, the authors test the applicability of the evaluation approach and compare the best alternative obtained by the proposed method for nine cities in the region. Consequently, west of Sinop, east of Artvin and south of the Black Sea region are determined as very suitable locations for ecotourism.

Research limitations/implications

The first limitation of the study is considered the number of included criteria. Another limitation is the use of deterministic parameters that do not cope with uncertainty. Further research can be conducted for determining the optimum locations for different types of tourism, e.g. religion tourism, hunting tourism and golf tourism, for effective tourism planning.

Practical implications

The proposed approach can be applied to all area that cover the considered criteria. The approach has been tested in the Black Sea region (nine cities) in Turkey.

Social implications

Using the proposed approach, decision-makers can determine locations where environmentally responsible travel to natural areas to enjoy and appreciate nature that promotes conservation have a low visitor impact and provide for beneficially active socioeconomic involvement of local individuals.

Originality/value

To the best knowledge of the authors, this is the first study which applies a GIS-based multi-criteria decision-making approach for ecotourism site selection.


The article presents the floral composition of the segetal flora of corn crops of Kabardino-Balkaria by families and genera. The history of the cultivation of nartykha corn in Kabardino-Balkaria is briefly traced.The object of the study was the segetal (flora of agricultural crops) fraction of the flora of corn crops in Kabardino-Balkaria. The main method of research is route. The completeness of data collection on the floristic composition of plots of corn acreage was determined upon reaching a certain limit, when the repeated description of homogeneous plots did not reveal additional species. During the study, herbarium samples were collected, the degree of contamination of crops was visually assessed. Thus, we have recorded representatives of 27 families of flowering plants belonging to 106 genera and 140 species


This paper analyzes the current state of research and development institutions in Henan province, and discusses the factors that result in the relative backwardness and offers some corresponding solutions.


Objective To study the relationship between the cusps,impacted type and roots 1090 mandibular third molar tooth.Results The cusps of the mandibular third molar tooth can be divided into 6 types,they are 3 cusps (0.55%),4 cusps (26.42%),5 cusps (53.58%),6 cusps (18.16%),7 cusps (0.83%)and 8 cusps (0.46%).The root of the mandibular third molar tooth can be divided into 4 types,they are 1 root (35.14%),2 roots (57.34%),3 roots (7.34%) and 4 roots (0.18%).The less the cusps of teeth crown,the higher the proportion of one root.The cusps is increase,the proportion of one root is decrease and the proportion of two roots or three roots is increase.7 and 8 cusps have not 1 root.The proportion of impacted type are as follow:mesioangular impaction is 31.65%.Vertical impaction is 29.08%,buccoangular impaction is 16.88%,distoangular impaction,linguoangular impaction and horizontal impaction is less then 9%.The proportion of one root of distoangular impaction is the largest (47.06%),the proportion of two roots of mesioangular impaction.Vertical impaction,horizontal impaction is 64.35%,58.04%,57.73%.Respectively.The proportion of three roots of buccoangulaz impaction and vertical impaction separately reach 13.04% and 11.35%.The proportion of three roots of rest types is less than 9.5%.


Abstract This collection is designed to partially address a gap in the academic literature. Whilst decentralisation is frequently included in peace agreements, the actual scope and role of local government is far less frequently discussed. This gap remains despite a considerable literature on local government in developing countries more generally, particularly with regard to decentralisation; but also despite a considerable and growing literature on post-conflict reconstruction. Despite this, very little has been written specifically on the politics of local government and post-conflict. This collection aims to fill that gap, providing a mixture of case study and conceptual material and also perspectives from both academics and policy-makers.


After declining during the recession, U.S. protein exports are expected to rebound as the global economy recovers. Much of the rebound will depend on BRIC countries Brazil, Russia, India, and China. In recent decades, rising incomes and large populations in these countries have created a growing middle class, resulting in one of the most dynamic agricultural trade markets on the globe. As incomes rise, people enrich their diets by eating more proteins. U.S. agricultural producers have seized these emerging market opportunities by boosting trade with these countries. ; Forecasts suggest the rising demand for protein in BRIC countries will propel U.S. meat exports in the future. Yet, a closer inspection of historical trade patterns with BRIC countries suggests that U.S. protein exporters may struggle to expand their share of these markets, for two reasons. First, BRIC countries are moving through differing stages of development, which may tilt the balance of food imports and domestic production. And second, Brazil has emerged as a juggernaut in agricultural trade with other BRIC countries, dulling the competitive edge of U.S. producers. ; Henderson explores the future of BRIC agricultural export markets. He concludes that, as BRIC countries increasingly try to satisfy their growing demand for proteins with domestic livestock production, the sharpest gains in U.S. exports may not emerge from protein but from feed crops. Yet, even these bright opportunities may be dulled as BRIC countries bolster their own grain production.


Small indigenous fish species (SIS) have high nutritional value in terms of protein, vitamins and minerals but due to changed hydro-biological conditions and manmade interventions many SIS have become threatened, endangered and need immediate attention for their conservation. Therefore to sustain their fishery it is important to know the food and feeding habits of SIS, which will be helpful for successful management of these fishes. The present study investigated feeding habit and diet composition of Gonialosa manmina (Ham.), a freshwater clupeid by regular monthly collection from the river Yamuna at Allahabad, India. During the study 295 specimens of G. manmina were examined, length range 4.7 cm to 15.3 cm. Studies have shown that this fish having plant food material 85.6% and animal food material 4.7% is strongly herbivores. The dominating food item was green algae (36.5%) followed by diatom (25.4%), BGA (12.8%) and desmids (11.0%). The contribution of crustaceans, insects, protozoan, rotifers are almost negligible. Hence the fish subsisted mainly on green algae and diatoms. The intensity of feeding (GSI) was found to be maximum during January and June and minimum during March and July. The present findings will help in filling the gap in knowledge about the feeding habit of G. manmina which will help in formulating strategies for proper development of their fishery from the system.


Summary:  This study attempts to provide guidelines for the extraction and estimation of ATP from spermatozoa. The conditions of extraction of ATP from spermatozoa using trichloroacetic acid were optimized. The efficiency of this extraction procedure was compared to that using boiling Tris buffer. Three commercially available kits which use the firefly luciferase assay for ATP and two luminometers were evaluated for the measurement of the spermatozoa extracts. Elevated levels of Mg2+ and/or Ca2+ did not interfere with the extration of ATP by trichloroacetic acid or with the subsequent estimation of the nu‐cleotide.


The paper deals with the formation of human capital in the modern society. The author considers the basic components of the human capital, and analyzes influence of social institutes on its development. The article presents data of sociological research, analysing the condition of the human capital of the working population of Volgograd.


This paper describes our system for the Se- mEval2022 task of matching dictionary glosses to word embeddings. We focus on the Reverse Dictionary Track of the competition, which maps multilingual glosses to reconstructed vector representations. More specifically, models convert the input of sentences to three types of embeddings: SGNS, Char, and Electra. We pro- pose several experiments for applying neural network cells, general multilingual and multi-task structures, and language-agnostic tricks to the task. We also provide comparisons over different types of word embeddings and ablation studies to suggest helpful strategies. Our initial transformer-based model achieves relatively low performance. However, trials on different retokenization methodologies indicate improved performance. Our proposed Elmo- based monolingual model achieves the highest outcome, and its multitask, and multilingual varieties show competitive results as well.


Regularization based on the method of degenerate mapping is used to evaluate weakly singular and near-singular integrals over triangular domains which arise in the boundary element method. This mapping transforms an integral over a triangular domain to an integral over a square and thus reduces the order of the singularity by one. A procedure which converts the domain integral to nonsingular line integrals is given. The proposed method has the advantage of using global coordinates and is easy to implement.


The invention provides a flow-controllable continuous sandblasting machine which comprises a charging bucket, a central pipe arranged in the charging bucket, an adjusting rod arranged at the top of the charging bucket and an air compression unit. The upper part of the charging bucket is provided with a feed inlet. The lower part of the charging bucket is provided with an outlet pipe which is connected with a sandblasting pipe and a sandblasting nozzle. The bottom of the central pipe is provided with a venturi nozzle which extends into the outlet pipe. The top of the central pipe is closed. The upper part of the central pipe passes through the top of the charging bucket and can slide up and down relative to the top of the charging bucket. The adjusting rod directly faces the upper part of the central pipe. The air compression unit is equipped with an air inlet pipe which is communicated with the upper part of the central pipe and is used for allowing dry compressed air to be entered into the central pipe from the air inlet pipe. According to the sandblasting machine, dry compressed air is used as a power source and baking soda is conveyed by the utilization of venturi principle. Thus, the problem that pipeline and nozzle obstruction caused by agglomeration of baking soda is solved.


An in-depth numerical study has been carried out to investigate a high-pressure commercial scale (2–8 meter diameter) slurry bubble column reactor (SBCR). Typical superficial gas velocities are in the range of 0.5–3 m/s, and overall vapor hold-ups are in the range of 0.45–0.85. The study revealed that steady compartmental reaction models do not match plant data when reaction time constants are very fast. Also, off-the-shelf commercial CFD codes do not produce useful information about a reactive column of this scale and aeration without tuning to reconcile with vapor hold-up and reactant operating data "anchors" from in-plant units. Important measures include both transient and time-averaged profiles, integrals, and extrema of vapor hold-up and reactants. The present study proposes reactor designs that improve productivity and product quality.


We propose and experimentally demonstrate a phase-sensitive optical processor, capable of generating two codirectional and π-phase-shifted phase-sensitive amplifiers (PSAs) in a single device. Phase-sensitive operation is obtained by polarization mixing a phase-locked signal/idler pair generated in a degenerate dual-pump vector parametric amplifier based on four-wave mixing in a highly nonlinear fiber. We refer to this configuration as a polarization assisted PSA and demonstrate some of the applications that it may find. First, we experimentally demonstrate the regeneration of a binary phase shift keying signal in a system that requires only a very low nonlinear phase shift of 0.35 rad. Second, we decompose a quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) signal into its in-phase and quadrature components. While application to a QPSK signal is shown in our demonstration, we demonstrate numerically that any complex modulation format signal can be decomposed using this approach. Finally, we use our processor to regenerate QPSK signals in a single nonlinear device.


An inner-city alternative public high school developed a model of teamwork between teacher and graduate social work intern designed to prevent dropout. This model provides a framework for programmatic responses to problems of school dropout among inner-city minority youths and also furnishes new opportunities for intern training in school social work. The development of the interdisciplinary partnership is described in this article. After several years of experience and resulting teacher and social work intern input, the model was evaluated with respect to qualitative results, obstacles to success, gains, and articulation between intern placement and graduate school of social work.


Those parts of the excavation campaign of 1956 included in the Kurth Collection had to be presented and evaluated for a first time. In connection with this it was attempted to systematize all attainable data about the excavation of Qumran and present them in a catalogue, in order to make a foundation for eventual further campaigns. So far individuals of all ages at death and both sexes are to be found in Qumran. All individuals presented are of europide race and can be easily integrated into the variation range of the orientalidean race type, seen to be endemic for the Levant. According to the constitutional biological and anatomical characteristics, disease, stress, etc., all individuals presented here should be seen as part of a preindustrial ruling class, that is they didn't earn their living by physical work. In a majority of cases it can be assumed that baked flour products ( bread...) were consumed in only small quantities or not at all. In conclusion, more questions were raised than answered, a matter which is explained basically by the composition of this random sample.


Background Physiotherapists are increasingly requested to provide specific and quantified advice regarding amounts of intervention, yet there is a lack of evidence to support the amount of physiotherapy needed by children with cerebral palsy (CP). Objectives This survey aimed to establish the amount of intervention physiotherapists in the National Health Service (NHS) are currently providing for children with CP at different severity levels and ages across the UK. This survey did not aim to establish the amount of physiotherapy that is needed by children with CP, or whether the amount of time spent makes a measurable difference to outcomes for children or to the amount of support required by their families. Method A questionnaire was piloted, and paediatric physiotherapists working in the NHS across the UK were invited to participate. Questions asked included the age and severity level of each child, plus the amount of therapy provided each week over one year. Therapy time was defined as time spent in contact with a child or his/her carers by a qualified physiotherapist.


Objective: The aim of this paper is to explore the potential implications of the Nurses Act introduced in 1993 upon psychiatric nursing in Victoria. Essentially this Act abolished the existing separate undergraduate education for psychiatric nursing. The focus of this paper is to explore the potential implications of this legislative change to the psychiatric nursing profession, particularly in light of relevant research findings. Method: In order to ascertain the impact of legislative change, a survey of psychiatric nursing content was conducted in Schools of Nursing throughout Victoria. Results: A 100% response rate was achieved. The responses indicated that little alteration had been made to existing general nursing courses to incorporate the change in legislation. The compulsory psychiatric nursing content varies from nil to 17.4% of the total curriculum. Conclusions: The theory and practice of psychiatric nursing constitute only a small proportion of undergraduate curricula. In view of the comparative unpopularity of psychiatric nursing as a career option for undergraduate students, the implications of this situation for the future psychiatric nursing workforce are serious.


This paper proposes to extend the self-mixing operation to chaotic conditions, using a dually distributed cavity: a distributed feedback (DFB) laser is connected to a 95% reflective fiber Bragg grating (FBG), which acts as a distributed reflector. The FBG is perturbed with static and dynamic strain, changing its reflectivity at the DFB wavelength.


Morel, 1968) correspond to the stimulation ofsodium transport across frog skin, whereas the higher concentrations of hormone correspond to the stimulation ofwater transport. If the effect of theophylline on the Q02 may be taken as an indication of the extent of the turnover of cyclic AMP in the tissue, these results suggest that the hormonal effect on sodium transport is independent of any effect in stimulating the adenylate cyclase system. The activation energy for water transport has been determined as 8.9 kcal/mol across control toad bladder and 9.7kcal/mol in the presence of cyclic AMP (1.Omm) plus theophylline (1.0mM). In the presence of vasopressin (0.022i.u./ml) the activation energy was decreased to 4.8kcal/mol, a result that confirms the observation by Hays & Leaf (1962). Although cyclic AMP (1.0mm) plus theophylline (1.0mm) increase water transport at 22°C by an amount similar to that produced by vasopressin (0.022i.u./ml), there is no similar decrease in the permeability activation energy.


The paper contains nothing original. It does, however, attempt to show the development of X-radiography in industry and engineering from the time of Rontgen's discovery in 1895. The paper is divided into three sections. In the first, developments up to the beginning of the present war have been recorded in broad outline, with regard both to uses and to equipment. In the second, the war-time development of engineering and industrial radiography, particularly with regard to Service requirements and inspection, has been dealt with. Both the applicability and the limitations of radiography in the engineering sphere have been remarked upon. The third section is devoted to an attempt to forecast radiographic developments in future with regard to modifications in engineering inspection and development. The author has also attempted to foreshadow the trend of development in X-ray apparatus and equipment. No attempt has been made in the paper to describe the applications of X-ray crystal analysis in industry, and no cognizance has been taken of the enormous progress made by radiology in the medical and surgical fields.


Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the skin. Its etiology involves several agents such as genetic susceptibility, immunological factors and multiple environmental elements, which can trigger and / or exacerbate the disease. In recent decades thorough research has been conducted on the pathogenesis of psoriasis, several T-cell subtypes that play a key role in the establishment of inflammation in skin lesions have been recognized. Genetic studies provide the basis for the construction of the disease model, demonstrating that dendritic cells, T lymphocytes and keratinocytes play a key role in the pathology of this entity, as well as a set of cytokines that drive psoriatic inflammation , such as include TNF , IL-22, IL-23 and IL-17, which promote the inflammatory response of keratinocytes, and the production of antimicrobial peptides, cytokines and chemokines, thus perpetuating the inflammatory response. At present, the development of several highly effective biological drugs has revolutionized the treatment of moderate to severe plaque psoriasis. These drugs are a reflection of a greater understanding of the pathogenesis of psoriasis, including the central importance of IL-23 and IL-17 and different signaling pathways. The objective of this work is to perform a critical review of the literature on psoriasis and the mechanisms involved in its imnunopathogenesis


One of the problems of keeping an orthopaedic register is that radiographs, which are an integral part of records (particularly with total joint arthroplasties) are cumbersome and costly to store. We have developed a cheap and simple digital storage system, photographing radiographs with a digital camera and storing pictures in a specially designed database. Retrieval is rapid and hard copies can be printed. Over 10 000 arthroplasty radiographs have been digitalised by this inexpensive method, which could prove useful for most orthopaedic surgeons.


fraction of Caco2 cells. ChemR23 protein levels increased with confluency in Caco2 cells. There was a three-fold increase in ChemR23 protein expression in 100% confluent Caco2 cells compared with less confluent cell cultures. In contrast, HCA-7 cells did not display conflu-ence-dependent changes in ChemR23 protein expression. Immunofluorescence demonstrated predominant cytoplasmic localisation of ChemR23 with a heterogeneous population of ChemR23-expressing and negative cells. ChemR23 immunohistochemistry on primary CRC tissue demonstrated homogeneous ChemR23 immunoreactivity in CRC cells with some stromal cell staining, including endothelial cells.


Research during the past decade has generated a substantial body of evidence indicating that mesolimbic dopamine (DA) neurons are an important link in the neural circuitry of reward. Most of this evidence is based on the application of three procedures that are now commonly used to study reward mechanisms: intracranial selfstimulation, intravenous self-administration, and conditioned place preference. Some of the data that have been generated by each approach and that are relevant to the mesolimbic DA hypothesis of reward are reviewed below.


Our work focuses on robots to be deployed in human environments. These robots, which will need specialized object manipulation skills, should leverage end-users to efficiently learn the affordances of objects in their environment. This approach is promising because people naturally focus on showing salient aspects of the objects [1]. We replicate prior results and build on them to create a combination of self and supervised learning. We present experimental results with a robot learning 5 affordances on 4 objects using 1219 interactions. We compare three conditions: (1) learning through self-exploration, (2) learning from supervised examples provided by 10 naïve users, and (3) self-exploration biased by the user input. Our results characterize the benefits of self and supervised affordance learning and show that a combined approach is the most efficient and successful.


Levels of specific antibodies induced by vaccination correlate with survival in Ebola-infected animals. Protecting Against the Zombie Apocalypse Halloween can wreak havoc on the imagination. The advent of seasonal symptoms—spontaneous moaning, slow jerky movements, and the desire to eat the brains of your co-workers—can convince you that you're turning into a zombie. While there are no treatments for the prevention of zombieism, when the holiday passes, symptoms of this fictional disease fade. But dire diseases—real ones—with equally horrific symptoms persist after trick-or-treat, because there are no corresponding vaccines or drug treatments. Now, Wong et al. show that for ebolavirus infections, which can cause a nightmarish fever frightening enough to be Halloween-worthy, researchers are making progress. There are currently no licensed vaccines or treatments that prevent or cure infection with Zaire ebolavirus (ZEBOV) in human patients. Experimental vaccines have been successful in animal models of hemorrhagic fever. But how can one test the efficacy of these vaccines in people without exposing them to a potentially fatal disease? Wong et al. report on an important translational step toward vaccine testing. The authors detected specific antibody responses to ZEBOV that correlate with survival in multiple animal models (mouse, guinea pig, and nonhuman primates). Much work remains to be done to determine whether these observations hold true in people. But if they do, these immune responses may be used as surrogates for testing a successful vaccine. Ebola virus causes severe hemorrhagic fever in susceptible hosts. Currently, no licensed vaccines or treatments are available; however, several experimental vaccines have been successful in protecting rodents and nonhuman primates (NHPs) from the lethal Zaire ebolavirus (ZEBOV) infection. The objective of this study was to evaluate immune responses correlating with survival in these animals after lethal challenge with ZEBOV. Knockout mice with impaired ability to generate normal T and/or B cell responses were vaccinated and challenged with ZEBOV. Vaccine-induced protection in mice was mainly mediated by B cells and CD4+ T cells. Vaccinated, outbred guinea pigs and NHPs demonstrated the highest correlation between survival and levels of total immunoglobulin G (IgG) specific to the ZEBOV glycoprotein (ZGP). These results highlight the relevance of total ZGP-specific IgG levels as a meaningful correlate of protection against ZEBOV exposure.


The present brief discussion is stimulated by recent research publications (Appleby 2013; Hicks 2013; Stanley 2013) on discrimination against female native English speaker teachers in east Asia where native white males have long dominated the English teaching positions at language schools and colleges. Not only the global commodification of native English speakers but also the internationally known male-oriented hiring practices in east Asia and other unexplored factors appear to be working in favor of young male native speakers from the West. The present discussion explores gender gap in the EFL classroom in east Asia from the perspective of global ELT community's political sensitivity to its professionalism.


The contents and characteristics of SDH-based IP transport technology (IP over SDH )are introduced,and the related SDH interface is discussed. Then the differences between IP over SDH and IP over ATM or IP over WDM are analyzed birefly.


The path allocation plays an important role during the mapping process of application that includes explicit traffics to the underlined Networks-on-Chip,therefore is always embedded inside a mapping algorithm.This paper focuses on improving a path allocation algorithm that is based on genetic algorithm(GA).To solve the problem of incomplete crossover operator,a novel complete path uniform crossover has been introduced in the algorithm.The results of simulations showed that the inclusion of new operator has improved the current algorithm in terms of performance and time.


IN order to simulate the contour of a two-dimensional wind-tunnel nozzle for continuously varying test section Mach number, it is usual to employ two flexible plates loaded transversely by by a finite number of jacks along its length. It is impossible to exactly simulate the aerodynamic contour by the device previously mentioned. If the jack extensions are adjusted to make the ordinates of the plate at a finite number of points equal lo those of the aerodynamic contour at these points, the slope and the curvature distributions of the plate deviate from those of the contour, resulting in non uniformity in the Mach number distribution in the test section. For obtaining a uniform Much number distribution, it is necessary to simulate the slope distribution exactly.


To clarify the clinical significance of the negative U wave during acute myocardial ischemia, the appearance of the U wave and ST‐segment elevation on electrocardiography during percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) of the left anterior descending artery (LAD group: 11 patients) or right coronary artery (RCA group: 18 patients) was studied. During PTCA, U‐wave inversion (newly developed negative U wave, and increased negativity of the pre‐existing negative U wave) was observed in 37 (90%) of 41 patients in the LAD group and in 16 (89%) of 18 patients in the RCA group. The incidence of ST‐segment elevation was similar to that of U‐wave inversion; however, U‐wave inversion appeared before detectable ST‐segment elevation in 20 patients (49%) in the LAD group and in 4 patients (22%) in the RCA group. Moreover, U‐wave inversion was observed frequently in a wider range of leads than ST‐segment elevation. These results suggest that the U wave is a more sensitive indicator of myocardial ischemia than ST‐segment elevation in some patients, and that a negative U wave may be produced by a different mechanism than that which produces ST‐segment deviation, although both are related to myocardial ischemia.


Objective To investigate the safety and effect of topical anesthesia in cataract extraction and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. Methods 142 cases (142 eyes) who received modern extracapsular cataract extraction and IOL implantation on topical anesthesia were observed, the surgical effect and complications were recorded. Results Most of the patients could cooperate during surgery and the operations were finished between 8-14 min. 1 and 3 days after surgery, the corrected vision were equal or better than 0.5 in 83.80% and 94.37% patients respectively. Conclusion Topical anesthesia is adapt to extracapsular cataract extraction and IOL implantation, it is not only avoids the complications resulted from retrobublar or periocular anesthesia, but also makes the surgery more simple and safe.


Instrumental artifacts in gravitational-wave strain data can overlap with gravitational-wave detections and significantly impair the accuracy of the measured source localizations. These biases can prevent the detection of any electromagnetic counterparts to the detected gravitational wave. We present a method to mitigate the effect of instrumental artifacts on the measured source localization. This method uses inpainting techniques to remove data containing the instrumental artifact and then correcting for the data removal in the subsequent analysis of the data. We present a series of simulations using this method using a variety of signal classes and inpainting parameters which test the effectiveness of this method and identify potential limitations. We show that in the vast majority of scenarios, this method can robustly localize gravitational-wave signals even after removing portions of the data. We also demonstrate how an instrumental artifact can bias the measured source location and how this method can be used to mitigate this bias.


Optimal water distribution in irrigation district(ID) is an important method and countermeasure for reasonably restraining the water requirements, effectively increasing the water supply, and actively protecting the ecological environment etc. According to the genetic theory, it is essential to discarding the traditional binary system coding for solving water distribution. Considering GA sinking into the partial solution easily, free search algorithms is introduced. It extend the search space for algorithms, enhancing the quality of gene coding, adjusting the discharge of canal, making every canal closed at the same time, decreasing the discarding water of canal, reducing the time of manual work. It have excellent theoretical and realistic effect on distributing water.


OBJECTIVE To establish an HPLC-ELSD method for the determination of oleanolic acid in Weilingxian. METHODS Using SumFireT M C18 column(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)at 40℃,acetonitrile-water(85∶15)was used as the moble phase,the flow rate was 1.0 mL·min- 1.An evaporative light-scattering detector(ELSD)was used as detector with gas flow rate of 2.3 L·min -1 and drife tube temperature of 85℃.RESULTS The oleanolic acid had a good linearity relationship between 0.214-1.92μg(r=0.999 9).The average recovery was 98.8%with RSD=0.9%(n=6).CONCLUSION The method is simple,rapid and accurate,suitable for the quality control of Weilingxian.


Papaya leaves (Carica papaya L.) is one of the plants that contains papain enzyme that functions as an exfoliating agent capable of removing dead skin cells and dry skin so that it can make the skin look fresh. Balimbi can be beneficial for beauty. The content of vitamin C and vitamin A can ward off free radicals that cause cell damage and the aging process. Masks with Clay type are widely used because it can rejuvenate the skin.Objectives; This research was conducted with the aim of making a clay mask formulation from papaya leaf ethanol extract and balimbi juice. Method; The method used in this research was the experimental method. The making of papaya leaves ethanol extract by means of extraction by maceration method using 70% ethanol solvent. The sample used was papaya leaves extract consisting of variations in different concentrations of 5%, 10% and 15% with balimbi extract each 5%, 10%, and 15%. Result; The results of the examination of the quality of organoleptic test dosage form showed that the higher the concentration of the extract in clay mask form, the more intense the color and the sharper aroma, the homogeneity test of the form showed a homogeneous arrangement, the resulting pH test 5.1-4.7. The dry dosage form test resulted in 11-27 minutes, and the voluntary skin irritation test did not show positive skin irritation. Conclusion; It can be concluded that the ethanol extract of papaya leaves and balimbi juice can be formulated as a clay mask.


PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF DERIVATIVES OF TETRAHIDRONALTALENO, SW general formula (I) wherein R1 is o-, m- or p-hydroxyphenyl; 2,3-, 2,4-, 2,5-, 2,6- or 3,5-dihydroxyphenyl; O 2,3,4-, 2,3,5-, 2,4,5-, 2,4,6-, 3,4,5- or 2,3,6-trihydroxyphenyl. The procedure involves PROCEED TO DISOSIACION OF THE (LOS) GROUP (S) GUARDS A compound of general formula (II) wherein R11 is a radical R1 where (LOS) GROUP (S) -hydroxy ESTANESTAN PROTEGIDOS. Cleavage of protecting groups can be accomplished by treatment with acids, bases or reducing agents, depending GROUPS ARE PROTECTIVE ESTERES.LOS ethers or compounds of formula (I) have application in the treatment and prophylaxis of neoplasms and DERMOTOXIS.


The human stapes is still a subject of considerable interest both to the clinician and to
the research investigator. This is due to the stapes position between the middle and inner ear,
and because


An evaluation system is urgently needed to guide and regulate the transformation from industrial parks to Eco-Industrial Parks(EIPs) and the construction of new parks.In this study,an index system to assess the EIPS in Wuhan was established on the basis of the overall evaluation frame of EIPs and the present situation of ecology industry in Wuhan;then a performance evaluation model was established based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process and the evaluation procedure was illustrated;finally the problems and solutions in the evaluation were stated.


Objective To investigate and analyse high risk factors of disseminated intravascular coagulation(DIC) in very low birth-weight infants(VLBWIs),so as to offer an early intervention.Methods Clinical data of 78 VLBWIs treated in the neonatal intensive care unit(NICU) between November 2010 and October 2011 were reviewed retrospectively for the incidence of DIC,the information of those in DIC and non-DIC groups was analyzed for their perinatal period,complications,and outcome,Logistic regression analysis was employed for the correlated risk factors.Results Twenty-six of the 78 VLBWIs were diagnosed with DIC,74(94.9%) survived.The differences between DIC and non-DIC group were significant in terms of gestational age,birth weight,intrauterine growth retardation(IUGR),asphyxia,septicemia,hypothermia,pulmonary hemorrhage,anemia,respiratory failure,and alimentary tract hemorrhage(t=2.095,3.100;χ2=4.524-18.567;P0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that IUGR,asphyxia,septicemia,hypothermia,pulmonary hemorrhage,anemia,and respiratory failure were the high-risk factors for DIC(χ2=4.325-17.175,P0.05).Conclusion VLBWI is the high-risk group of DIC,which is associated with gestational age,birth weight,IUGR,asphyxia,septicemia,anemia,pulmonary hemorrhage,anemia,respiratory failure,and alimentary tract hemorrhage,in which,IUGR,asphyxia,septicemia,hypothermia,anemia and respiratory failure are risk factors for DIC.For those with younger gestational age and lighter birth weight,more DIC will be involved.


The frequency specificity of the brain stem response (BSR) and the frequency-following response (FFR) evoked by 500Hz tone bursts were studied in 20 cases of flat, high-frequency and low-frequency hearing losses.In nine cases of flat sensorineural hearing loss, both the thresholds of the BSR and the FFR corresponded well to pure tone audiometric thresholds. In cases of both high- (five cases) and low-frequency (six cases) sensorineural hearing losses, the threshold of the 500Hz FFR corresponded well to the pure tone audiometric thresholds at 500Hz. At the same time, the thresholds of the 500Hz BSR corresponded well to the pure tone audiometric thresholds at 500Hz and 1, 000Hz.Thus, our conclusion was that the FFR evoked by 500Hz tone bursts was applicable in the objective assessment of the hearing threshold at 500Hz. At the same time, the BSR evoked by 500Hz tone bursts was also applicable in the hearing thresholds at 500Hz and 1, 000Hz.


The new genus Stapafurdius gen. nov. is introduced collected from Bahia, Brazil, including two new species: S. glaber sp. nov., the type species, occurs in Ibicoara; and S. costiferus sp. nov., from Andaraí regions. The new genus includes species of about 10 mm, elongated shell, reticulated protoconch, elongated peristome, and wide umbilicus. Both species differ mainly by the sculpture, as S. glaber sp. nov. is smooth, while S. costiferus sp. nov. has strong axial sculpture. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:C851695E-6BF1-4418-8D8A-8BC7D10CC2FE.


RF energy harvesting is a promising potential solution to provide convenient and perpetual energy supplies to low-power wireless sensor networks. In this paper, we investigate the energy harvesting performance of a wireless sensor node powered by harvesting RF energy from an existing multiple-antenna transmitter. Specifically, we propose a random unitary beamforming (RUB) based cooperative beam selection scheme to enhance the energy harvesting performance at the sensor. Under a constant total transmission power constraint, the multiple-antenna transmitter selects the best active beams for data transmission, while satisfying the energy harvesting requirement at the sensor. We derive an exact closed-form expression for the distribution function of harvested energy in a coherence time at the sensor, as well as the throughput of the existing system over Rayleigh fading channels. We further investigate the performance tradeoff of the average harvested energy at the sensor versus the throughput of the existing system.


SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS Data concerning numerous severe epidemics of poliomyelitis were surveyed for information useful in estimating the size of the immune component of the population by age groups of 1 year. The New York epidemic of 1916 and the Mauritius epidemic of 1945 were chosen as the most suitable for this purpose. It is shown that there was a regularly progressive decline in attack rates for successively older age groups from 2 to 8 years in New York. The attack rate in 8-year-olds was less than 10 % as large as that in 2-year-olds. It is noted that a difference of this magnitude could be accounted for by immunizing infections amounting to 30 % per year for 6 years. A similar analysis of age specific attack rates during the Mauritius epidemic shows progressive declines of 28, 60, 50 and 53 % for the successive age groups 5–9. An average annual infection rate of 45 % over a 4 year period could account for the ten-fold difference in infection rates between 5-year-olds and 9-year-olds. An immunizing infection rate of 30 % a year would lead to a pattern of immunity in which the seven youngest age groups had a total susceptible component of 30 % at the beginning of a ' poliomyelitis season'. Twenty per cent would remain susceptible at the end of the season when spread of virus terminated. An annual immunizing infection rate of 45 % would bring about a situation in which 21 % of the five youngest age groups were susceptible at the start of a period of viral prevalence and 12 % at the end. Alternatively, one could consider that on Mauritius there may have been a continuous prevalence of virus in a population in which approximately 15 % of the five youngest age groups were susceptible at any time. It is suggested that the essentially similar attack rates among children 3–5 years old on Mauritius may have reflected a 3-year period during which homotypic virus was not prevalent, in contrast to its great prevalence during the years prior to that time. A more detailed discussion and analysis of additional data concerning age-specific attack rates in poliomyelitis will be found in the thesis submitted by Dr Sample to the University of Washington School of Medicine entitled, 'Some observations on statistical and theoretical epidemiology of infectious diseases, principally poliomyelitis', in 1955. This is obtainable by Inter-library Loan from the Health Sciences Library, University of Washington, Seattle. We wish to express our sincere thanks to Dr Blair M. Bennett and Dr William E. Reynolds of the University of Washington for their advice on the statistical and epidemiologic aspects of this study.


Taking the General Theory of Verbal Humor as its framework,this paper aims to compare the translation effects of Paraphrase and Substitution in humor translation.The author will give a focus on systematic analysis of Xv Sanguan Mai Xue Ji and its English version by the way of using its Chinese-English bilingual parallel corpus.It hopes to contribute to the advance of humor translation,especially for Paraphrase and Substitution,by providing theoretical and practical evidences.Tentative findings show that Paraphrase has a stronger adaptability and a high success ratio when dealing with humorous texts,especially for those texts containing Chinese alien sources;and compared to Substitution.


Overhead mist (OM) facilitates the propagation of stem cuttings by preventing transpirational water loss. However, drawbacks to OM include the application of large volumes of water, potentially unsanitary conditions, irregular misting coverage, and leaching of foliar nutrients. We explored three alternatives to OM that might avoid these problems by applying moisture below, rather than overhead. These included 1) a submist (SM) aeroponic system configured to provide intermittent mist only to the rooting zone, 2) a subirrigation (SI) system that provided water via capillary action through perlite from a reservoir maintained below the base of each cutting, and 3) a subfog (SF) aeroponic system that was configured to provide constant fog only to the rooting zone. To initiate each system, we wetted perlite or filled reservoirs using either water or quarter-strength Hoagland solution. Stem cuttings of 'Wizard Mix' coleus (Plectranthus scutellarioides) were propagated in the systems for 21 days. Cuttings in the SM system produced more than three times as many roots as cuttings in the OM system, with roots more than six times the length. Root dry weights averaged 28 mg for cuttings in the SM system, compared with only 3.5 mg among cuttings receiving OM. The SF and SI systems produced results broadly comparable to the OM. Fertilizer did not consistently improve rooting measures across the systems. Although we observed few fine roots on cuttings rooted using SM, they transplanted well into a soilless substrate and quickly produced new root growth. The SM systemused less than 1/5 the water used by the SI system, and less than 1/50 the water used by the SF system. In comparison, a single OM nozzle operating for 10 seconds released about onethird of the total water lost through transpiration from each SM system over the entire experiment. Our results show that SM systems merit further evaluation for propagation of plants by stem cuttings.


Social networking tools, like Twitter, are beginning to demonstrate their potential as powerful communication and collaboration tools in social, political, and educational arenas. As smart phones and mobile computing devices become less expensive and more powerful, they will also become more pervasive. As a matter of economics, institutions will need to adapt to learning experiences that can occur in a wide range of contexts and over multiple channels. Having more technologically adept learners will also compel educators to develop innovative ways to promote students' active learning and equitable participation in class discussions. Given the increased popularity and exponential growth of Twitter, educators have begun to experiment with it to determine its potential for communication and collaboration, both in and out of the classroom. Through a brief description and history of microblogging and the emergence of Twitter, examples of how instructors are integrating microblogs into their courses, and an overview of a social networking cooperative project case study, this chapter tells the story of how the authors' use of microblogs evolved from purely recreational to authentic instructional uses for their online classes.


The present invention is for the presence of a conventional high-temperature rotation compensation, the problem of poor high-pressure sealing, discloses a duct is sealed with the new structure of a high voltage rotating compensator, which comprises a core tube (1), a sealing gland (3 ), sealing seat (5), connecting tube (7), one end of the core tube (1) is inserted into the connection pipe (7), connecting tube (7) and the end of the sealing seat (5) is fixedly connected and set in a core tube ( 1), an annular convex station (8), provided with projections (9), a sealing gland (3) set in the inner annular core tube (1 on a sealing seat (5) on a core tube (1) the other end) and inserted into the sealing seat (5) in face seal ring (4) against, connected to the sealing gland (3) and a sealing seat (5) by a connection (2), characterized in that the sealing seat ( a sealed chamber formed between 5) and the core pipe (1), is attached to the end face sealing member (6) in said sealed cavity. It solves the problem of leakage of high temperature and pressure medium line, to further expand the application range of the rotating compensator.


This case study uses whole-building simulation software to investigate the ability of alternative sets of energy conservation measures to limit the sensitivity in energy use and heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) peak electricity demands by residential buildings due to weather variability. Four alternative building designs are considered: a net-zero energy design based on the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) net-zero energy residential test facility (NZERTF), a comparable, yet less efficient design built according to the 2015 International Energy Conservation Code (IECC), and two low-energy designs at varying levels of energy-efficiency. The findings from this study reveal which measures best ensure robust annual energy performance and occupant comfort by low- and net-zero energy homes given weather variability, as well as how much resulting energy performances vary across the sets of conservation measures considered in this work.


The general aim of this research is helping women to perform breast self-examination (BSE) for finding out any abnormality, change, or lump in the breasts. BSE involves checking the breasts for finding abnormalities, lumps, or changes. This paper reports about our initial efforts to detect and track the left and right breasts in real-time imaging. Image frames were processed considering the color information, and integral image processing to segment regions of interest (ROI) according to common colors of breast features. After getting the preliminary candidate regions, the vector of features were used as the inputs of neural network. The algorithm applies each ROI into the artificial neural network (ANN) for detection of the right and left breasts. Results of the study show that the proposed ANN successfully identifies the position and location of the breasts.


T HE Agricultural Marketing Administration operates a wide variety of programs affecting the distribution of foods. These include, for example, purchases for lend-lease, diversion to export markets or to low-priced uses in the United States, the provision of such services as inspection and market news, and the enforcement of several fairtrade-practice laws. All these distribution programs have some bearing on the domestic nutrition problem insofar as they affect the total quantity of foods available for domestic consumption, and insofar as they affect the efficiency of marketing. But we shall be concerned here only with those programs which directly affect the proportions of the food supply available to undernourished people in the United States.


When suspended in a liquid, hard spherical colloidal particles can show fluid, crytalline and glassy phases. A light scattering study of the dynamics of the metastable fluid and glassy phases is reported. Comparison is made with the predictions of mode-coupling theories applied to the glass transition of simple atomic systems.


Amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide forms the brain plaques associated with Alzheimer's disease and is neurotoxic. In 2 remarkable recent studies, both from the


Multi-centre colonoscopy images from various medical centres exhibit distinct complicating factors and overlays that impact the image content, contingent on the specific acquisition centre. Existing Deep Segmentation networks struggle to achieve adequate generalizability in such data sets, and the currently available data augmentation methods do not effectively address these sources of data variability. As a solution, we introduce an innovative data augmentation approach centred on interpretability saliency maps, aimed at enhancing the generalizability of Deep Learning models within the realm of multi-centre colonoscopy image segmentation. The proposed augmentation technique demonstrates increased robustness across different segmentation models and domains. Thorough testing on a publicly available multi-centre dataset for polyp detection demonstrates the effectiveness and versatility of our approach, which is observed both in quantitative and qualitative results. The code is publicly available at: https://github.com/nki-radiology/interpretability_augmentation


The invention discloses a temperature equalizing device adopting a vapor chamber and microchannels for radiating a multi-heat-source device. The temperature equalizing device is used for solving the problems that the existing radiating device cannot be used for radiating multi-heat-source high heat flux electrical devices evenly, and the stability of a chip is affected due to a high temperature gradient formed since temperature rises quickly along flow directions when the existing parallel microchannels are in use. The temperature equalizing device comprises an LTCC substrate, wherein at least two heat sources are packaged inside the LTCC substrate, the vapor chamber is installed on the LTCC substrate, the microchannels with the same number as the heat sources are formed above the vapor chamber, an entrance of each microchannel is communicated with an external cooling liquid source through an inlet, and an exit of each microchannel is communicated with an external liquid collecting box.


This chapter presents a macro-level analysis of the phenomenon of judicial deference in free movement law. It focuses on two questions: how frequently does the European Court of Justice defer to national authorities? Has its intensity of review of Member State action changed over time? A systematic analysis of free movement jurisprudence reveals that deference to domestic institutions has increased since the 1970s, a development which challenges some common beliefs about the Court of Justice and free movement law. The chapter looks at possible reasons for this evolution, arguing that it is connected to broader legal, political, and institutional changes that have taken place in the EU.


Dear Editor,

We read the article by Smit and Meyer[1] with keen interest. We wish to express the following comments:

Intralesional bleomycin injection (IBI) is a newer form of therapy for capillary hemangioma with encouraging results.[1,2,3,4,5] IBI was used for the first time for complicated cutaneous hemangiomas.[2] Experience with IBI for periocular capillary hemangiomas is very limited.

Authors diagnosed capillary hemangioma by clinical examination only.[1] We believe clinical evaluation should have been combined with ultrasonography or magnetic resonance imaging or color doppler to differentiate hemangioma from vascular malformation.[3,4,5] Color doppler is also of immense utility during follow-up in detecting size, color, and blood flow changes after IBIs. Blood flow in capillary hemangioma declines after four to five IBIs; blood flow signal disappears earlier than color (usually after five to six IBIs for a lesion diameter less than 4 cm).[3,4]

Authors discontinued therapy after administering nine IBIs in case one and after five IBIs in case two.[1] We appreciate the result with respect to opening of eye and increase in vertical height of palpebral fissure which might be adequate to prevent stimulus deprivation amblyopia, however, post IBI Figures 2 and 4 clearly depict significant residual capillary hemangioma covering the forehead, nose, upper lip, and even left upper eyelid of case 1 and forehead, nose and right upper eyelid of case 2 respectively.[1] We believe the treatment should not have been stopped at this stage. The hemangioma involving forehead, nose, and lips still required intralesional bleomycin. It has been suggested that the interval of injection should be 3-4 weeks with total times lesser than 7 times during one therapeutic period.[3,4] Another therapeutic period may be started 3 months later if further treatment was necessary. The total quantity of bleomycin for a child should be less than 40 mg in one treatment periods.[3,4] Luo and Jhao reported very large series of 82 cases of infantile hemangiomas which involuted completely after treatment with the sclerosing mixture composed of 2% lidocaine, 5 mg dexamethasone and 8 mg bleomycin A5 and also used oral prednisolone (2-5 mg/kg every other day).[3,4] Combination of dexamethasone with bleomycin as well as oral prednisolone has been advocated to treat effectively the patients at proliferating stage observed in the 3rd and 6th month in many cases of infantile hemangioma and also to circumvent the dose restriction of bleomycin i.e., the drug quantity given in one time may be deficient for big hemangioma(>4 cm).[3,4]

Authors suggest use of bleomycin in the treatment of eyelid hemangiomas where conventional modalities have been unsuccessful or where treatment with beta-blockers may be contraindicated.[1] Many investigators recommend oral propranolol as the first line of therapy for infantile hemangioma.[6] Readers would be interested to know why authors[1] did not treat these cases with oral propranolol as first line therapy.


We propose a nanomechanical waveguide to realize tunable visible-to-telecom single-photon frequency conversion. We numerically study the conversion efficiency and nonlinear effects, and identify the trade-off between device footprint and noise.


All optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is used to achieve high bit rate and eliminate intersymbol interference in optical wireless communications. Overall architecture is enlightened and analytical evaluation is presented for direct and diffused environment.


The goal of this paper is to define and analyze systems which exhibit brittle behavior. This behavior is characterized by a sudden and steep decline in performance as the system approaches the limits of tolerance. This can be due to input parameters which exceed a specified input, or environmental conditions which exceed specified operating boundaries. An analogy is made between brittle commmunication systems in particular and materials science.


Monograin powder technology is one possible path to develop the sustainable, lightweight, flexible, and semi-transparent solar cells, which is ideal for integration with various building and product elements. In recent...


The ability of zero-mode waveguides (ZMW) to guide light into subwavelength-diameter nanoapertures has been exploited for studying electron transfer dynamics in zeptoliter-volume nanopores under single-molecule occupancy conditions.


We consider the problem of diagnosis in complex systems with the example of tank ballast systems. It is shown that known approaches for diagnosis either restricting to quantitative or qualitative methods are not suitable. Therefore, we introduce a new approach combining quantitative and qualitative aspects. It does not renounce to complete information available in quantitative measurements as it is inevitably the case for qualitative methods that only use a classification of the measurements. Decisions for the diagnosis process however are made with the help of qualitative comparisons. Therefore, the approach is robust against noise. Finally, the performance of this new approach is demonstrated by many random tests.


This promise, however, is not fully realised because, for many molecules, the skin constitutes a significant barrier. A variety of approaches have been proposed to reversibly breach this barrier, the most significant are the 'passive' approach involving the use of chemical penetration enhancers, and the more recent active approaches such as iontophoresis (use of a electrical potential to enhance penetration), electroporation (application of short, highvoltage pulses to induce temporary micropores in the skin tissue), sonophoresis (use of low-level ultrasound), and the use of microneedles1.


Ascertaining whether an ecosystem, a community or any other ecological unit has completely changed. whether it has been destroyed or whether it remains the same is a common task for ecologists. At the heart of this task is the question of what constitutes the identity of a unit through time. which we call self-identity. The determination of self-identity requires that we know what the essence of an ecological unit is. This is highly dependent on the definition and specification of the ecological unit of interest, which in turn, depends upon the question(s) being asked. We develop a framework to provide unambiguous definitions of ecological units. The components of this framework are different criteria describing the spatial or process-based boundaries of a unit, the degree of required internal relationship and the level of abstraction t an ecological unit is specified. These criteria can be represented in a three-dimensional graphical model which locates the definitions of ecological units within a conceptual volume. We describe the application of the model for the assessment of the self-identity of ecological units through time. The specification of ecological units and the possibility of assessing the self-identity of ecological objects are also dependent upon the specific ecological theories applied (and upon issues that reside outside the realm of pure ecological science). The universe of meaningful questions and of ecological units is constrained by both societal and scientific interests. We argue that a precise specification of ecological units is necessary for advancing both ecological understanding and its application.


Abstract Management efforts to restructure populations of northern pike Esox lucius consisting of small (<60 cm total length), abundant individuals in small (<200 hectares) Minnesota lakes has focused on removal by trap-netting and promoting angler harvest through liberalized bag limits. Removal by intensive trap-netting was demonstrated to be ineffective in altering northern pike population size structure, and anglers harvested substantially fewer fish than were removed by trap-netting. Unless more anglers begin harvesting more small northern pike, liberalized bag limits hold little promise as a management tool for altering northern pike population size structure in small Minnesota lakes.


Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a rising cause of end-stage renal disease in the United States, particularly for African Americans, for whom the lifetime risk of developing FSGS may approach 1%. FSGS traditionally has been classified into 3 categories: (1) rare mendelian disorders of podocyte structural proteins, (2) an idiopathic "primary" form that often initially is steroid-responsive and considered to be on a pathophysiologic spectrum with minimal change disease (MCD), and (3) a secondary form of glomerular scarring arising in diverse settings. This classification has been called into question by both genetic studies that have achieved striking insights by studying some of these entities jointly and mechanistic experiments suggesting that immunosuppressive medications may work in diseases such as MCD and FSGS, not through the immune system, but rather by direct actions on the podocyte cytoskeleton. Into this rapidly evolving scientific framework, a recent article by Wei et al, published in 2011 in Nature Medicine, has injected new findings about soluble extracellular fragments of the urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) that compel us to pause and reconsider several unique features of primary FSGS. Accumulating evidence suggests that this disorder arises from a circulating factor of immune origin that induces increased glomerular permeability to albumin. First, primary FSGS can recur rapidly in the initial period after kidney transplant. Second, serum from individuals with primary FSGS can increase the albumin permeability of isolated glomeruli. Third, plasma protein adsorption attenuates proteinuria in nephrotic syndrome that recurs after kidney transplant. Fourth, a human T-cell hybridoma made from an individual with MCD induced proteinuria in rats. Fifth, proteinuria rapidly resolved after MCD-affected kidneys were transplanted


The United-States' Supreme Court uses the idea of objective pedagogy to define the proper role of religion in public school classrooms. The justices tend to leave this idea undefined, except to oppose objectivity to advocacy. Current pedagogical theory challenges this opposition. Moreover, educators often translate the Court's idea of objectivity into an exclusion of some methodologies in religious studies, like theology. A reformulation of religious studies pedagogy could not only meet the Court's standards on neutrality but also lead to a more engaging and open pedagogical response to the religious pluralism represented in public classrooms.


The present invention relates to a peel-off facial mask cosmetic composition, comprising: a liquid-phase first reagent containing purified water and a liquid-phase second reagent containing an oily emollient, a surfactant, a gel forming agent, a gelling agent and a gel retarder, wherein the gel forming agent, the gelling agent and the gel retarder contained in the second reagent are not gelled by the oily emollient and are present in an inactive state.


While current donor selection with clinical findings is generally effective, the imprecise nature of the assessment forces clinicians to remain on the conservative side. A reliable biological marker would assist donor selection and would improve donor organ utilization. We collected biopsies from 169 donor lungs before implantation. Expression levels of IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐10, TNF‐α, IFN‐γ and IL‐1β were measured by quantitative real‐time RT‐PCR (qRT‐PCR). Seventeen cases died within 30 days after transplantation. No donor factor was significantly associated with 30‐day mortality. Univariate analysis of the 84 cases for development of the prediction model showed that IL‐6, IL‐8, TNF‐α and IL‐1β were risk factors for mortality and IL‐10 and IFN‐γ were protective factors. We analyzed the cytokine expression ratios of risk to protective cytokines. A stepwise logistic regression for 30‐day mortality demonstrated that a model containing the ratio of IL‐6/IL‐10 was the most predictive (p = 0.0013). When applied to the remaining 85 cases for validation, the test of model fit was significant (p = 0.039). Using the cytokine ratio, we were able to define three risk groups with striking differences in survival (p = 0.0003). Multi‐cytokine analysis of the donor lung graft with qRT‐PCR shows significant promise as a strategy to biologically evaluate the donor lung prior to implantation.


One of the ways recommended by a recent National Academy of Sciences study to dispose of excess weapons-grade plutonium is to encapsulate the plutonium in a glass in combination with high-level radioactive wastes (HLW) to generate an intense radiation dose rate field. The objective is to render the plutonium as difficult to access as ;he plutonium contained in existing U.S. commercial spent light-water reacto(LVVR) fuel until it can be disposed of in a permanent geological repository. A radiation dose rate from a sealed canister of 1000 rem/h (10 Sv/h) at 1 meter for at least 30 years after fabrication was assumed in this paper to be a radiation dose comparable to spent LWR fuel. This can be achieved by encapsulating the plutonium in a borosilicate glass with an adequate amount of a single fission product in the HLWs, namely radioactive C s 1 3 7 . One hundred thousand curies of C s 1 3 7 will generate a dose rate of 1000 rem/h (10 Sv/h) at 1 meter for at least 30 years when imbedded into canisters of the size proposed for the Savannah River Site's vitrified high-level wastes . The United States has a current inventory of 54 MCi of C s 1 3 7 that has been separated frordefense HLWs and is in sealed capsules. This single curie inventory is sufficient to spike 50 metric tons of excess weapons-grade plutonium if plutonium can be loaded at 5.5 wt% in glass, or 540 canisters. Additional C s 1 3 7 inventories exist in the United States' HLWs from past ' reprocessing operations, should additional curies be required. Using only one fission product, C s 1 3 7 , rather than the multiple chemical elements and compounds in HLWs to generate a high radiation dose rate from a glass canister greatly simplifies the processing engineering requirements for encapsulating plutonium in a borosilicate glass. INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND The Clinton Administration has identified the disposition of excess plutonium and highly enriched uranium from the dismantlement of nuclear weapons as one of the most challenging problems for the U.S. Government to solve. An Interagency Working Group is to provide coordination among the multiple U.S. Government bureaus and departments involved. The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) has a Special Fissile Materials Disposition Program Office to address the problem. Nearterm activities for this office include identifying and characterizing alternative


This paper investigates the local specific absorption rate (SAR) of ultra-wideband millimeter-wave (mm-wave) double-ridge open-ended waveguide antennas (OEWA) for early-stage skin cancer detection. Specifically, an OEWA with a 15– 40-GHz bandwidth is designed and fabricated. The proposed antenna demonstrates |S11|<–10 dB and stable and symmetric radiation patterns across 15–40 GHz with aperture sizes of 9.47×5.79 mm2. A 3D realistic biological model consisting of skin, subcutaneous fat, and muscle is developed to evaluate the SAR in healthy and malignant lesions. The permittivity of the cancerous tissue was modeled according to a Debye function that took into account the higher water content of this tissue with respect to healthy skin.


The Tibetan operas in Tibetan Buddhism that were introduced from India to China have formed different sectarian systems under different regional cultures. The characteristics of Tibetan opera music, characters and performances in different systems are different. Among them, the Malcon Jiarong Tibetan Opera has the most distinctive features. The article first introduces the origin of Malcolm Jiarong Tibetan opera music, then analyzes the music characteristics of Malcolm Jiarong music, and finally studies the status quo and inheritance of Malcolm Jiarong Tibetan opera culture.


A new clock algorithm, called WE algorithm, was proposed by combining wavelet analysis and entropy theory based on ALGOS algorithm principle. Atomic clock signals are decomposed scale by scale, and wavelet entropy by which we can weight the clock, is obtained through synthesizing wavelet coefficients based on energy partition. The performance of the algorithm was examined by real data and the results demonstrated that it can improve the stability of timescale


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This paper presents a research project being developed at the Industrial and Systems Engineering Graduate Program at the Catholic University of Parana (Brazil). The objective is to develop a system to aid professionals from management and logistics areas to evaluate the performance of supply chains through computer simulation. Among the several possibilities for analysis, simulation can allow one to perform detailed studies on the bullwhip effect in supply chains, caused by the demand variation from the point-of-sale to the suppliers. Two performance measures are of particular interest: average inventory level and service level, both for each stage at and for the whole supply chain. The structure considered in this project is the traditional supply chain composed by suppliers, manufactures, distributors (or wholesalers), retailers and customers. A first version of the proposed arena simulation models is under development and is presented in this paper.


This quote from the French philosopher Francoise Dastur speaks to a style of thinking about mortality encountered in John Carroll's "metaphysical sociology". Indeed, the tragic-comedy of modern life is a theme in much of Carroll's work (2001, 2008). Carroll reminds us that death is at the heart of modern tragedy as the perennial search for meaning in myths, religion and art. These forms of storytelling and aesthetics both represent and expose our ongoing struggle with mortality. And while life expectancy particularly amongst globally economic advantaged classes has been extended due to advances in health care, nutrition, disease control and medicine, it can have the effect of psychologically distancing death's reality inevitability lurking beneath the "surface" of our everyday lives (Carroll, 2014: 562). Moreover, what is perhaps felt even more acutely in a first world where consumerist comforts and life-extending medicines buffer death's immediacy is the need to salvage meaning and beauty out of the fleeting and fragile (Carroll, 2008).


An electronic commerce support method for managing trading in a client (210) connected to a server (220) for providing electronic commerce services to receive the electronic commerce services includes the steps of: transmitting an order for a product on the electronic commerce in response to an input by a user to the server through a communication network, receiving trading information including a trading identifier associated with the order and data on the contents of the order from the server, and storing the trading information in a storage device (214) (111,112); receiving from the server trading processing information including a present status of processing for processing initiated for the order, a present status of processing for delivery of the product corresponding to the order, a present status of processing for payment processing for the trading, and the trading identifier (113); and comparing the trading identifier included in the trading information with the trading identifier included in the trading processing information, and outputting a warning if they are not coincident, and adding the trading processing information to the trading information stored in the storage device if they are coincident (118). An electronic commerce support method for managing trading in a server (220) for providing a plurality of clients (210) with electronic commerce services, includes the steps of: receiving an order for a product in the electronic commerce in response to an input by a user from a client through a communication network (230), and performing order acceptance processing for the product in accordance with a predetermined electronic commerce processing (121); transmitting to the client trading information including a trading identifier associated with the order and data on the contents of the order (123); creating trading processing information including a present status of processing for processing initiated for the order, a present status of processing for delivery of the product corresponding to the order, a present status of processing for payment processing for the trading, and the trading identifier, and transmitting the trading processing information to the client (136); and managing the present status of processing for the processing initiated for the order, the present status of the processing for delivery of the product corresponding to the order, and the present status of processing for the payment processing for the trading until the order processing, the delivery, and the payment processing are completed (137).


In this paper we propose a trajectory analysis method suited for event recognition. The method works online, in the sense that it can process the data as they are acquired by the sensors and it is dynamic, since it adapts the results to the changes in the patterns of activity. For each class of objects detected by the system, the proposed method groups trajectories with common features in clusters and, based on the identification of common prefixes in the clusters, can make probabilistic predictions on the possible future positions of a moving object. This analysis can give valuable information to an event recognition system for the identification of anomalous events.


Water Table Performance Bergen as part of The Bergen International Festival of Performance Art, 2014. Former Bergen Prison.On arrival in the former Prison context in Bergen I surveyed building and it's context and eventually decided to perform in one of the small exercise yards on the outside of the Prison. These spaces are small wedge shaped yards with high walls no doubt used to separate the former inmates. The yards were designed like 'panopticones', fanning out and away from the main building and viewable from one spot, a 1st floor gantry on the outside of the main prison building. When in one of these yards the only view one would see was of the prison building, surrounding buildings; only walls and the sky. There was no horizon and one felt very contained and enclosed. I suspect that this was the main idea! There were fading murals on some of the surrounding walls and these were cartoon like, rudimentary depictions of nature, i.e. flying birds, flowers, etc… These basic images would only serve to remind a prisoner of the landscape and their current lack of 'vista', but would in no way provide any relief or enable escape from the confined reality. A number of small trees had erupted through the stone paving and the yards were rather surreal or dreamlike contexts as a result. These factors all accentuated the strange quality of the location.I decided to use two adjacent yard spaces within my performance work. I installed a table, wood, clamps and other materials in one of the spaces and left the second space empty. I employed a similar strategy as previous 'Water Table' Performances, but in this occasion I had created A4 prints of the contemporary Oil & Gas Industry & Fracking Protests, as well as images of Rivers with Oil & Gas Company Logos superimposed to lay on top of the river images.During the performance I slowly raised the table by clamping lengths of wood onto each of the table legs, in turn. Over time raising the table up to about three meters height. A silver ball, on a silver platter, rolled round on top of the table accentuating the instability of the table as it was shifted back and forth, off it's normal axis.As the table rose the shorter wooden batons were replaced by longer ones. The removed batons were placed around the walls of the adjacent yard space. The A4 print images were positioned in relation to each baton. They were either propped against the walls or under them forming a kind of man made addition to the emerging nature.My intention, and the main theme within the artwork is the danger that the Shale Gas and the Oil & Gas Industry represents for the Environment, particularly for water. The term 'Water Table' has two meanings in English, in this case it refers to the actual table in the performance and also to the 'water table', or level of ground water, under our feet. We often forget how much we humans, and all life, relies on pure, clean water. If forgotten and neglected it may quickly become polluted under our noses and behind our backs.


ABSTRACT Cuisines are never neutral, innocent concoctions, but products of dominant ideologies and power structures. This paper explores culinary codes advanced by popular Hindi cookbooks from the early twentieth century to see how they re-define the kitchen and the culinary world of urban, middle-class Hindu families. Focusing especially on Pak Chandrika, a cookbook published from Allahabad in 1926, the paper argues that these Hindi cookbooks contributed to the residual ground – especially in relation to the intimate, the everyday and the comestible – that potentially fed into the emergent nationalism in early twentieth century north India.


MYCN is amplified in 20% to 25% of neuroblastoma, and MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma contributes to a large percent of pediatric cancer-related deaths. Therapy improvements for this subtype of cancer are a high priority. Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent, oxidative form of cell death that is counteracted mainly by the production of Glutathione Peroxidase 4 (GPX4), a phospholipid hydroperoxidase that is produced through the glutathione pathway. The identification of cancers that may benefit from ferroptosis inducers are just emerging. Here we uncover a MYCN-dependent therapeutic vulnerability in neuroblastoma. Namely, amplified MYCN rewires the cell through expression of key receptors, ultimately enhancing iron influx through increased expression of the iron import transferrin receptor 1 (TFR1). Accumulating iron causes reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and MYCN-amplified neuroblastomas show enhanced reliance on the system Xc- cystine/glutamate antiporter for ROS detoxification through increased transcription of this receptor. By performing metabolomics, we demonstrate that the transsulfuration pathway is also activated by MYCN. The increased activation of both pathways leads to cysteine accumulation that results in inhibition of lipid peroxidation. Utilizing drugs that target the main components of the glutathione and transsulfuration pathway we sensitize the MYCN neuroblastomas to ferroptotic cell death. These data provide novel insights into how MYCN alters the transcriptome in neuroblastoma to confer growth and survival advantages and simultaneously sheds light on the mechanism of action of ferroptosis inducers with potential application in other types of cancer.
 Citation Format: Konstantinos V. Floros, Mia O. Johnson-Berro, Richard Kurupi, Carter K. Fairchild, Krista Dalton, Bin Hu, Madhavi Puchalapalli, Mikhail G. Dozmorov, Jennifer E. Koblinski, James A. Olzmann, Lauren A. Cowart, Anthony C. Faber. MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma is addicted to iron and vulnerable to ferroptosis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 362.


Three different types of models are considered: an isotropic, homogeneous half-space, an anisotropic half-space, and a 3D earth. For this example, we consider only the horizontal coplanar (HCP) coil configuration of the Fugro HEM systems. The numerical results and the animation show that the EM field travels more slowly in the earth than in the air, and with greater attenuation. The EM amplitude decays and the phase shifts both with the horizontal distance from the transmitter and with vertical depth (as well as time). In an isotropic earth, the current flow for an HCP transmitter is horizontal; in an anisotropic earth it is dipping and focusing in the conductive direction, offering the possibility to identify the anisotropic character of the earth. The EM distribution for a dipping, conductive layer clearly distinguishes the current channeling in the conductive structure. In comparison to the current distribution, the magnetic field is less sensitive to the inhomogeneous resistivity distribution in the earth (e.g., layering, anisotropy, or 3D structures). By introducing the sliced contours into the EM vector presentation, the "smoke ring" effect of EM diffusion is clearly displayed. From the animated presentations in this paper, we also observe the continuous polarity change of the EM field, as it propagates through the earth.


Abstract Equines are subject to infection with many parasites, which threaten their health. In the present study, we systematically reviewed existing literature on the prevalence of endo‐ and ectoparasites of equines in Iran. Major electronic databases, including PubMed, PubMed Central, Google Scholar, Science Direct and Scientific Information Database (SID), were searched (Last updated 11/05/2018) for relevant literature of parasites that have been identified from equines in Iran. Of the 1809 titles produced by bibliographic search, 38 were included in the review. Twenty‐seven of the studies were on horses, six on donkeys, three on both horses and donkeys, and one study was on both horses and mules. Furthermore, 24 of the studies reported infections caused by protozoa, thirteen by helminths, two by ectoparasites, and one by both protozoa and helminths. The overall pooled prevalence of parasitic infection was 28.8% (95%CI: 22.9–35.7, I 2 = 93.4%). Helminths were the most prevalent parasites 46.7% (95% CI: 24.1–70.7, I 2 = 96.0%). Furthermore, donkeys were the most affected equine, with a prevalence of 70.7% (95% CI: 53.2–83.7, I 2 = 92.5%). The protozoa frequently reported included nine species belonging to the genera: Neospora, Toxoplasma, Theileria, Babesia and Eimeria. Also, the helminths frequently reported included 21 species belonging to the genera: Strongylus, Dicrocoelium, Oxyuris, Habronema, Echinococcus, Dictyocaulus, Cyathostomum, Probstmayria, Anoplocephala, Setaria and Fasciola. Ticks were the only ectoparasites frequently reported. Parasitic fly species of the genera Gasterophilus were also reported. The study‐level risk of bias was likely to be high because of differences in study design. Parasitic infections of equines in Iran are frequent and caused by a diversity of parasites, which threatens the health and well‐being of these animals. Further research is needed in the area to identify the risk factors of infection for effective control of the parasites.


A diffuser leading edge has been designed for aircraft aerosol sampling. The diffuser leading edge fluid was conducted using the CFD. The diffuser inlet, middle and outlet diameter is 35.3, 100 and 35.3 mm, respectively. The angle of the diffuser inlet and outlet is 4°. The diffuser inlet and outlet with leading edge have achieved isokinetic sampling, and have stable flow and pressure distribution. It is suggested that CFD simulation can be useful for improving the optimum the diffuser.


We present design and performance details of an integrated optical switch, attenuator and tap chip based on adiabatic mode multiplexer for 40-channel PLC ROADM. Our approach enables higher than 48 dB switch shut-off attenuation and isolation.


Ultrasonic detection is an important means of gas insulated substation equipment internal defect detection. This paper analyzes the abnormal ultrasonic signal of a voltage transformer in a 220kV GIS substation in Jiangsu Province. According to the rising trend and the characteristic maps of signal detection results, it is inferred that there may be obvious floating or vibration defects accompanied by slight corona inside the gas chamber. Combined with the disassembly results, it was found that the nylon bolts and nuts were loose, the tightening torque of the iron core steel sheets was invalid, the position of the shielding plate was shifted, and the shielding case had pits and scratches. Comparing the results of energized test and disassembly, it verifies the effectiveness of partial discharge ultrasonic detection in discovering early hidden dangers in gas insulated substation equipment.


The common gastropod is the subject of the twentieth emblem of Gilles Corrozet's Hecatomgraphie , a vernacular variant on Andrea Alciati's immensely successful Emblematum libellus first published in 1534. Self-containment is the virtue that would seem to be the logical correlative to the image. From this standpoint the design of the Cosmographia in which the similitude is found merits closer inspection. The manual everywhere begs its readers - presumably students in geography - to take cognizance of the world by asking where their bodies are located in respect to other places. Keywords: Cosmographia; Gilles Corrozet; Pieter Apian


Instilling principles of fair and just accountability into the work culture enhance Coherence, which cultivates work elements necessary for combating professional burnout and creating esprit de corps. Health care professionals must feel that they and their co-workers are supported and being treated fairly and consistently. When a culture of fair and just accountability is suboptimal, health care professionals feel socially isolated and stressed, and patient harm events increase, as does the risk of burnout.