There is now strong evidence that lower bowel endoscopy can prevent colorectal cancer (CRC) and good evidence that the strength of this effect depends on the quality of the procedure [1–3]. Two studies have demonstrated that adenoma detection rate (ADR) predicts interval cancer [2, 3]. One of these studies demonstrated a reduction in death from CRC in patients screened by colonoscopists who were high adenoma detectors compared with patients screened by low detectors [3]. High quality colonoscopy is critical to the effectiveness of CRC screening. A study byWaldmann et al. in the current issue of Endoscopy [4] focuses on ADR as the key quality marker of colonoscopy in the context of nonprogram-based CRC screening. The key finding was that ADR improves over time. The authors linked this change to a technique referred to in the improvement science literature as "audit and feedback" [5]. The detection of proximal lesions improved more than adenoma detection but detection of advanced adenomas (AADR) decreased over time [4]. The results and interpretation have to be viewed with caution because this was not a controlled study and there were limitations of the methodology, especially in relation to data acquisition. Colonoscopists were requested to submit an electronic data form in addition to preparing a colonoscopy report, but not all screening cases were submitted. Validation of data quality showed submitted reports to be accurate, but it is not known whether colonoscopists might have, without deliberate intent, "selected" cases for submission. There are two key aspects to consider in relation to this study. First, what do the changes in performance actually mean for patients? Second, is there anything we can learn from the study that can be applied to improve quality in other contexts? Ultimately, screening colonoscopy is intended to improve outcomes of CRC, namely to reduce death and incidence. CRC mortality is a critical outcome measure, but not a useful performance measure of colonoscopy as there are too many other factors that can affect mortality. Incidence, on the other hand is not affected by other health care interventions. The problem with incidence is that timelines are too long for monitoring dayto-day performance. Postcolonoscopy CRC is a good marker of colonoscopy quality but complex data linkages are required to provide a reliable measure [6]. Importantly, the measure is usually only available years after the event. Finally, the sample size required for an accurate estimate of performance precludes the use of postcolonoscopy CRC or interval cancer as ameasure for individual performance. We are left therefore with surrogates of the things that really matter to patients: ADR and withdrawal time, which is itself a surrogate of a surrogate. The study by Corley et al. [3] would indicate that the 6% improvement in ADR over the time period of the study would lead to an additional 18% reduction in CRC, if American data can be applied in a European context. Such a reduction would be meaningful to patients. This study considered two other surrogates: proximal lesions and AADRs. There is increasing interest in the role played by proximal lesions, many of which are sessile serrated lesions (SSLs) [7]. It is thought that SSLs can be a forerunner of an accelerated pathway to cancer. The observation of high rates of interval or postcolonoscopy CRC on the right side of the colon [8] supports the idea of an accelerated pathway. It has been proposed that fast-growing tumors appear after a negative colonoscopy [9]. However, it seems equally likely that higher rates of rightsided postcolonoscopy cancer could be due to incomplete colonoscopies and poor bowel cleansing (which is usually a bigger problem in the right colon) leading to a higher risk of missing right-sided SSLs. The jury is out on whether right-sided or


One of the main factors of successful employment is a choosing a profession, which would be demanded enough at the modern labour market. According to the opinion of many experts, development of modern technologies is the main factor that stimulates growth of productivity and economy in general. This trend is characterized by the state of a labour market, when a significant amount of perspective professions is connected to IT field, which is a worldwide trend. Actually, a job of a programmer has become one of the most demanded specialties on a labour market. As for today, web development is a mainstream in software development. This article describes the requirements for web developers, requirements to the frontend and backend developers. We consider skill levels and requirements. Considered programming languages to learn. These are HTML5, XML, ccs3, javascript+, PHP, sql. Considered particular certification level programmers. The content of the discipline "Web development" is alighted to obtain the necessary skills and knowledge in this area. It also considers the structure of a basic study guide of the discipline.


In this paper, we show that torsional as well as flexion modes can be excited rather naturally in a magnetoelastic bimorph. This behavior is in contrast with that of usual piezoelectric bimorphs in which only flexion modes can be excited. We describe experimental results on the torsional resonances of bimorphs composed of a glass substrate and a highly magnetostrictive thin film of (TbDy)(FeCo)2 and show how basic linear piezomagnetic constants may be extracted from the resonance data. Finally, we discuss some possible applications of torsional resonance in magnetoelastic bimorphs.


A polarized 3He internal gas target which delivered 50% polarized atoms at a flow rate of 1 x 1017 atoms/sec was developed. This target was used in the experiment CE-25 to measure the analyzing powers and spin correlations parameters for the 3iHe(',2p) and 3Hie( p,pn) quasielastic scatterings using the Cooler ring at IUCF at beam energies 197, 300, and 414 MeV. The target was demonstrated to have little or no depolarization in the storage cell in the elastic asymmetries measurement at 45 MeV. Analysis of the 197 MeV data is presented in this doctoral thesis. At sufficiently high momentum transfer we find 3je('p,pn) spin observables are in good agreement with free p-n scattering observables, and therefore that polarized 3He can serve as a good polarized neutron target. We extract in PWIA the spin-dependent momentum distribution of the neutron and proton out to 300 MeV/c. The measured neutron (proton) distribution is in good (fair) agreement with a Faddeev caculation. ~rrX·~ilsL·iPOili~··lilDAIV-rrr*~·~'~L--·


We present the MS‐based application of the innovative, although scarcely exploited, multiplexed data‐independent acquisition (MSX‐DIA) for the analysis of histone PTMs. Histones are golden standard for complexity in MS based proteomics, due to their large number of combinatorial modifications, leading to isobaric peptides after proteolytic digestion. DIA has, thus, gained popularity for the purpose as it allows for MS/MS‐based quantification without upfront assay development. In this work, we evaluated the performance of traditional DIA versus MSX‐DIA in terms of MS/MS spectra quality, instrument scan rate and quantification precision using histones from HeLa cells. We used an MS/MS isolation window of 10 and 6 m/z for DIA and MSX‐DIA, respectively. Four MS/MS scans were multiplexed for MSX‐DIA. Despite MSX‐DIA was programmed to perform two‐fold more MS/MS events than traditional DIA, it acquired on average ∼5% more full MS scans, indicating even faster scan rate. Results highlighted an overall decrease of background ion signals using MSX‐DIA, and we illustrated specific examples where peptides of different precursor masses were co‐fragmented by DIA but not MSX‐DIA. Taken together, MSX‐DIA proved thus to be a more favorable method for histone analysis in data independent mode.


Major research activities during the last 30 years of the author awarded the society prize for 1992 have been summarized. Research was started for the evaluation of environmental parameters on in situ changes of photosynthetic bacterial population using a newly developed mathematical growth model in 1963, and the model was later applied for algal populations. The developed research direction was fully described in a book, 'Biological Oceanographic Processes', published in 1973. Involvement with a bottom-up control of ecosystem by fertilization carried out in Canada in order to enhance sockeye salmon production was mentioned. Experiments by manipulating ecosystems conducted using mesocosms in the international program called CEPEX starting in 1973 were then described. Since 1977, research activities were focussed on the control of phytoplankton community structure of red tides, and upwelled and open-ocean water masses in relation to the surrounding environment as determinant. Research direction has recently been focussed further on the analysis how to develop such a great diversified phytoplankton species under rather limited but greatly fluctuated ranges of ocean environment by knowing response characteristics of each species to environmental parameters.


The author has identified the following significant results. Ground survey has shown that thermal anomalies of various sizes associated with volcanic activity at several Central American volcanoes should be detectable from Skylab. Anomalously hot areas of especially large size (greater than 500 m in diameter) are now found at Santiaguito and Pacaya volcanoes in Guatemala and San Cristobal in Nicaragua. Smaller anomalous areas are to be found at least seven other volcanoes. This report is completed after ground survey of eleven volcanoes and ground-based radiation thermometry mapping at these same points.


world's ten major industrial countries have been proceeding along individual business cycles that are unique to the post World War II era.1 The recent cycles have been unique in that each has involved the deepest and most sustained declines in real output of the postwar era, and that each has been accompanied by some of the highest rates of inflation of this period. In addition, the similarities of the individual countries' experiences, and the coincidence of timing, suggest the possibility of common causality.


Low energy (~2 eV) positrons were deposited onto the surface of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) using a positron beam equipped with a time of flight (TOF) spectrometer. The energy of the electrons emitted as a result of various secondary processes due to positron annihilation was measured using the University of Texas at Arlington's (UTA) TOF spectrometer. The positron annihilation-induced electron spectra show the presence of a carbon KLL Auger peak at ~263 eV. The use of a very low energy beam allowed us to observe a new feature not previously seen: a broad peak which reached to a maximum intensity at ~4 eV and extended up to a maximum energy of ~15 eV. The low energy nature of the peak was confirmed by the finding that the peak was eliminated when a tube in front of the sample was biased at -15 V. The determination that the electrons in the peak are leaving the surface with energies up to 7 times the incoming positron energy indicates that the electrons under the broad peak were emitted as a result of a positron annihilation related process.


The system and method having releasable medical drape, and a peelable medical drape includes at least a liquid impermeable, vapor permeable layer, a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer, and a soft gel layer having a plurality of apertures . Soft gel layer is configured to be placed adjacent the tissue site. A portion of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer, extend through the plurality of apertures of soft gel layer contacts the tissue site. Soft gel layer forms a good seal with the tissue site, and the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer that extends through the plurality of apertures, and the tissue site, albeit peelable form a firm bond. .FIELD 4


This report describes children and young adults with disabilities' trajectories as they transitioned from child to adult supports sometime between 2005/06 and 2010/11.


An experiment of cultivated crops and preparation of liquefied coal has been carried out by using products of cellulose soluble liquid cultured with polyporous versicolor.As a result,under potted conditions,the product of solubilized coal has obviously encouraged the growing rate of the young plants of maize and garlic,and improve their drought resistance.It presents lower stickiness in liquefied Datong coal to add that product to it.


The feasibility studies on a color reaction of a-cholestanol with certain sulfonium salt solutions prepared from DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide) and acyl halides or related compounds are described. The reactions observed in the series of investigations were measured spectrophotometrically. For the method detecting a-cholestanol, sulfonium solution prepared by reacting POC13 with DMSO gave satisfactory results whereas AcBr (acetyl bromide) or AcI (acetyl iodide) gave colored substances with DMSO. SOC12 was also of no use for analytical purposes because of producing corrosive SO2. Introduction In a previous paper [1], the authors have described a color reaction of a-cholestanol (5a cholestan 3ƒ¿-Ol) with acyloxysulfonium salt solutions which were prepared by reacting acetyl chloride (AcCl) with several sulfoxides. In the present study, the authors discuss the color reaction revealed between a-cholestanol and several sulfonium salt solutions prepared by reacting dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) with acyl halides, acid anhydrides or related compounds. Their interest in the method for the detection of a-cholestanol extended the work to study for the coloring by other sulfonium solutions prepared by DMSO-acyl halides, acid anhydrides or related compounds. The authors wish to report the feasibility study on certain sulfonium salt solutions for the method of the detection of a-cholestanol. Apparatus and Reagents Apparatus. A Hitachi model 124 dual beam spectrophotometer was used in all measurements by spectrophotometry. Reagents. Acyl halides, acid anhydrides and related compounds used were followings; Acetyl chloride (AcCl), acetyl bromide (AcBr), acetyl iodide (Ad), acetic anhydride (Ac2O), thionyl chloride (SOCl2) and phosphoryl chloride (POCl3). DMSO and other reagents used were of JIS' guaranteed reagents grade. a-Cholestanol * 印 東 次 郎:Dept . of Chemistry, Nihon Uniy. School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba (Director: Prof. Atsushi OshiKane) ** 長 沼 邑 子 ,藤 枝 和 夫,藤 本 登,篠 崎 敏 夫: Dept. of Oral Hygiene, Nihon Univ. School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba (Director: Prof. Motoi Morimoto)


Objective To compare the short-term effects of lispro and humlin by continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion(CSII) on the treatment of diabetes hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome.Methods Sixty-two hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome patients were treated by CSII,and they were treated either by lispro or humlin.Results The time for controlling hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome was shorter in lispro group than humlin group[(14.2±3.6)d vs(21.4±6.4)d,P 0.05)].The time needed to return a set level of fasting blood glucose was(3.1±1.8)d in lispro group and(5.9±3.4)d in humlin group.The time for reaching a set standard of 2 h fasting blood glucose was(5.3±1.9)d in lispro group and(7.7±3.6)d in humlin group.Insulin dosage was(35.2±10.8)U in lispro group and(44.3±15.1)U in humlin group.Insulin-induced hypoglycemia reaction incidence was 5.7% in lispro group and 18.5% in humlin group.Lispro group was obviously decreased than humlin group(P 0.05).Conclusion As compared with humlin,a regular insulin,lispro as a rapid-effect insulin can control hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome and blood glucose faster and reduce the hypoglycemia and insulin dosage more significantly.


Drug‐induced parkinsonism is a well‐known complication of several different drugs—the most common being neuroleptic‐induced parkinsonism. However, very few autopsies have been reported in such cases.


A hydrogen ion beam of 1.1 A, 35 keV was extracted for 1 hour from a modified duo PIGatron ion source. The extraction grids and the plasma source were cooled effectively and the ion source was operated stably. When the arc plasma current was controlled by the feedback signal from the accel current, the sufficiently stable ion beam was extracted from 2 msec to 1 hour after the ignition of arc plasma. The stabilities of the ion beam power and the divergence angle were both less than ± 0.5%.


Comments by the publisher of the south-west Victorian Hamilton Spectator newspaper have sparked anger amongst survivors of child sex abuse.


The invention discloses a cloud particle spectrum distribution measuring method and system. The measuring system comprises a disc-shaped polarization laser beam generating system, a grain scattered light detection system and a computer system. The measuring method provided by the invention comprises the steps of irradiating cloud grains by polarized light, dividing scattered signals into two ways by a beam splitter prism, carrying out detection of an out-of-focus interference pattern on one way of scattered signals directly by a photoelectric image detector while carrying out detection on a depolarization out-of-focus interference pattern on the other way of scattered signals by a depolarizer and a photoelectric image detector, distinguishing a cloud particle phase state by comparing the out-of-focus interference pattern with the depolarization out-of-focus interference pattern, and inverting according to out-of-focus interference fringe pattern information to obtain a liquid phase cloud particle size and an ice phase cloud particle equivalent size. The cloud particle distribution measuring method provided by the invention serves as a new diagnostic method for atmosphere particle detection, can be used for onboard cloud micro physic detection, and is capable of implementing on-line measurement of the phase state, size, distribution and water content of cloud particles so as to provide the powerful basis for meteorology forecast and manual intervention.


THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION AND REGIONAL INTEGRATION Christopher C. White Old Dominion University, 2011 Director: Dr. Kurt Taylor Gaubatz This dissertation challenges prevailing assumptions of a strong connection between international migration and regional integration by arguing there is no substantial relationship between them and that these issues should not be conflated. International migration and regional integration are extraordinarily important forces shaping the current international system and the recent wave of globalization has brought with it a new level of fear and uncertainty surrounding these critical issues. Migration and integration are highly contentious and divisive subjects in and of themselves, but the relationship between them is largely misunderstood and tends to skew toward panicked hyperbole by publics and policymakers alike. In an effort to address this gap in our understanding, this dissertation investigates the relationship between international migration and regional integration to determine if there is a causal link and, if so, the direction of causality. I use two major research strategies to investigate the relationship: (1) a quantitative analysis of country-level data including an objective measure of regional integration developed for this study and (2) two detailed case studies of the North American and European experiences in addition to a broad overview of the migration-integration relationship in other regions. The quantitative and case study analyses support my hypothesis that there is no substantial relationship between international migration and regional integration. In this perspective, states can consider the benefits of regional integration policies without worrying about migration and can consider migration policies without concern for integration.


The construction of the Pridnestrovian political nation is carried out both naturally and through a purposeful state policy on nation-building. The identity of the modern Pridnestrovian state was formed initially on anti-nationalist principles, in contrast to the identity of the Republic of Moldova, on the basis of late Soviet internationalism, as well as a successor republic of the MASSR, but over time it began to transform, there was a departure from Soviet principles in favor of self-sufficiency and irreducibility to any models. In many ways, this was facilitated by the position of Pridnestrovian political and scientific elites looking for sources of their own statehood in the identity of the Pridnestrovian people. To date, a system has been created in Pridnestrovie that ensures the retransmission of values and meanings among the population, it includes society and government institutions, as well as civil society institutions.
At the same time, the development of civil and political identity leads to a complication of the dialogue between the PMR and the RM. In the conditions of a multidirectional geopolitical choice, the application of the Pridnestrovian model for Moldova turns out to be impossible, since the Republic of Moldova has not abandoned the national model of the state. The spread of the Pridnestrovian multiethnic model in Moldovan society and politics can be perceived as interference in internal affairs and forced Russification. The author suggests not to confuse concepts when talking about the identity of the population – not to confuse the political discourse and ideology of the state with the identity that has naturally formed over the centuries, based on multiethnicity, peacefulness and attraction to the Russian world. The political ideology of the modern Pridnestrovian state is directed towards the future and has a political goal – independence, identity connects the people with its origins, in this case with the past, in which Russia's special role in the development of the region is noticeable.


Obtaining renewable fuels and chemicals from lignin is an important challenge in the use of biomass to achieve sustainability and energy goals. At present, acid-based catalysts for lignin depolymerization are considered to be a potential but challenging way to produce low-molecular-mass aromatic chemicals. The main concerns with the use of Lewis acids and zeolite catalysts are the corrosive nature of the acids, the possible formation of unwanted byproducts, and the possible formation of harsh reaction conditions. We achieved high-yield conversion using phosphotungstic acid (PTA) polyoxometalate catalysts in ethanol/water under different reaction conditions with little formation of bio-char. The monomeric products were mainly composed of various types of aromatic compounds. Our method does not require the use of precious metals and harsh reaction conditions—it only requires relatively mild reaction conditions and homogeneous catalysis—thereby greatly reducing operating costs and increasing the yields. Therefore, this PTA catalyst, which has excellent performance in bulrush lignin catalysis, would be a good alternative to the traditional catalysts used in lignin depolymerization and have wide application in biomass use.


In order to improve the quality of teaching,the teaching methods of lectures,case study and social practice were intergraded in the course of "health promotion" to improve students' critical thinking,facilitate them to understand the contents,create good learning atmosphere,help them to master the learning methods in the course and thereby to improve their general abilities.


OBJECTIVE
To study the chemical constituents of Artemisia rupestris.

METHOD
The chemical constituents were isolated by column chromatography on silica gel, polyamide and Sephadex LH-20. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral analysis.

RESULT
11 compounds have isolated from this plant, and the structure of them have identified as robinin (1), quercetin (2), linearin (3), luteolin (4), sucrose (5), tilianin (6), luteolin-7-glucoside (7), beta-D-3'-methoxy-4'-O-P-coumaroylglucoside (8), hirsutine (9), 3-(4-methoxy phenyl)-(E)-2-propenoic acid ethyl ester (10), rutin (11).

CONCLUSION
All this compounds have been isolated from this plant for the first time.


The first Islamic state of media laid down by Prophet Muhammad (SAW) was based on education and socialization.The research paper throws light on life of the Prophet as a role model for mankind with reference to education and socialization.To teach about Holy Quran was the one of His major obligation . In addition to this ,the provotal objective and motto of the Prophet was to groom the mankind in light of Quran and Sunnah. As He (SAW) described such Knowledge which c could be used for betterment as source of continuous blessing in comparison of such education based on negativity which brought about destruction and emphasized to maintain distance from the propagation of negative Knowledge . In order achieve these goals, social institutes were established under the aegis of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) . In this connection , nine mosques for multipurpose uses were also established which contributed constructive role in this regard. On the basis of these folden vitreous and principles , a just and peaceful society can be developed in this present era.


During recovery of sensible heat of raw coke oven gas (COG) in ascension pipe, it is an effective measure to prevent carbon deposition of coal tar vapor by controlling the temperatures of raw COG and inner wall of ascension pipe to make them maintained above the dew point of coal tar vapor. In this study, a one-dimensional unsteady heat transfer model is established for the ascension-pipe heat exchanger with helically coiled tube embedded in the jacket and then packed with high thermal conductivity particles. The influences of structural parameters of this type of ascension-pipe heat exchanger on the axial and radial effective thermal conductivities of the porous packing layer are analyzed by numerically solving the heat conduction differential equation in porous packing layer. Dimensionless correlations are also proposed for these two effective thermal conductivities. This one-dimensional model is verified by comparison with the result of three-dimensional numerical simulation in steady state. The dynamic characteristics of temperatures of raw COG, wall of ascension pipe, packing layer and molten salt are obtained during three coke-making periods using this model. It is analyzed in detail how heat capacity of packing layer, thermal conductivity of packing layer, flow rate of molten salt and inlet temperature of molten salt affect the temperatures of raw COG and wall of ascension pipe. An effective measure to control the temperatures of raw COG and inner wall of ascension pipe are put forward.


Objective To explore the feasibility and effectiveness of using the tumor-free technology for D2radical gastrectomy under Laparoscopes in treatment of gastric cancer. Methods A total of 153 patients with advanced gastric cancer underwent D2radical gastrectomy under Laparoscope by using the tumor-free technology during December 2010 and December 2012,and the clinical effects were observed. Results All operations in 153 patients were successful,including 94 patients who underwent distal gastric Billroth Ⅱ type with( 172. 2 ± 39. 6) min of operation time and( 54. 4 ± 12. 1) ml of intraoperative blood loss; 37 patients underwent proximal gastric gastrectomy and anastomosis for esophagus with gastric remnant,the operation time was( 212. 7 ± 21. 8) min,and average blood loss was( 83. 2 ± 37. 4) ml; 22 patients underwent Roux-Y type esophagojejunostomy,the average operation time was( 236. 6 ± 32. 8) min,and average blood loss was( 115. 7 ± 20. 4) ml. During postoperative 6- 28 months follow-up,there was no tumorous implantation or metastasis in Trocar hole and incision. Conclusion Tumor-free technology applied for D2radical gastrectomy under Laparoscopes in treatment of gastric cancer can effectively reduce incidence rates of postoperative implantation tumors in abdominal cavity,Trocar hole and incision,and it is safe and feasible with satisfactory curative effect.


This work reports a facile method for hybridizing deuterohemin-peptide (DhHP-6) with copper phosphate to form deuterohemin-peptide–inorganic hybrid flowers (DhHP-6–Cu3(PO4)2) by self-assembly. The DhHP-6–Cu3(PO4)2 flowers have been characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and solid state UV-vis. In the assembly process, the DhHP-6 peptides are fixed on Cu3(PO4)2 through the coordination of the end amino acids (Lys6) with copper(II) centers. The rearrangement of Lys6 prevents DhHP-6 aggregation. Hence, DhHP-6–Cu3(PO4)2 flowers exhibit a nearly 300% enhancement of peroxidase-like activity in comparison with free DhHP-6 in solution. Meanwhile, the DhHP-6–Cu3(PO4)2 flowers show stronger affinity towards 3,3,5,5-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) and H2O2 than free DhHP-6 and horseradish peroxidase (HRP). In addition, EPR results provide direct evidences for the mechanisms of DhHP-6–Cu3(PO4)2 flower growth and activity enhancement. Furthermore, the sample presents excellent reusability and storage stability.


The 4-1BB receptor (CDw137), a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, has been shown to costimulate the activation of T cells. Here we show that anti–mouse 4-1BB monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) inhibit thymus-dependent antibody production by B cells. Injection of anti–4-1BB mAbs into mice being immunized with cellular or soluble protein antigens induced long-term anergy of antigen-specific T cells. The immune response to the type II T cell–indepen-dent antigen trinintrophenol-conjugated Ficoll, however, was not suppressed. Inhibition of humoral immunity occurred only when anti–4-1BB mAb was given within 1 wk after immunization. Anti– 4-1BB inhibition was observed in mice lacking functional CD8 ϩ T cells, indicating that CD8 ϩ T cells were not required for the induction of anergy. Analysis of the requirements for the anti– 4-1BB–mediated inhibition of humoral immunity revealed that suppression could not be adoptively transferred with T cells from anti–4-1BB–treated mice. Transfer of BALB/c splenic T cells from sheep red blood cell (SRBC)-immunized and anti–4-1BB–treated mice together with normal BALB/c B cells into C.B-17 severe combined immunodeficient mice failed to generate an anti-SRBC response. However, B cells from the SRBC-immunized, anti–4-1BB–treated BALB/c mice, together with normal naive T cells, exhibited a normal humoral immune response against SRBC after transfer, demonstrating that SRBC-specific B cells were left unaffected by anti–4-1BB mAbs. T he 4-1BB receptor, CDw137, is a member of the TNFR superfamily (1), which is reportedly expressed on activated T and NK cells in mice (1, 2). Several studies have demonstrated that the 4-1BB receptor serves as a potent costimulatory molecule for T cells (3–6) and, in vivo, for NK cells (our unpublished observations). The natural ligand for the 4-1BB receptor, a molecule known as 4-1BB ligand, is constitutively expressed on resting B cells and macrophages and is costimulatory for anti-␮ –mediated B cell activation (7). We have previously demonstrated through a combination of in vitro and in vivo studies in the mouse that anti– 4-1BB mAbs preferentially activate CD8 ϩ T cells (8) and protect them from superantigen (SAg)-induced apoptotic death (9). Anti–4-1BB mAb–costimulated CD8 ϩ T cells secreted large quantities of IFN-␥ (8) and TNF-␣ (our unpublished observations) and developed into antigen-specific CTLs (8). In tumor-bearing mice, we found that anti–4-1BB–induced CTLs eradicated large established tumors even when the tumors were poorly immunogenic and refractive to CD28/ CD80-mediated costimulation (10). Given the fact that B cells express the 4-1BB ligand and that CD8 ϩ …


This study investigates the implementation of the syntactic constraint of verb agreement in French sentence processing. An experimental on-line error detection paradigm is used to examine how variations in linguistic material interposed between the subject and the verb affected the detection of number-verb agreement violations. Detection times mainly vary as a function of the linguistic structure of the interposed material: detection times are clearly longer for noun complements than for relative clauses and adverbial complements. Effect of length is shown to depend marginally on the structure type. Number mismatch between local and head nouns increases detection times, which also varies as a function of the morphology of the head noun. Results are analyzed with regard to processes found in agreement-error production studies. The role of structural, morphological, and semantic information in syntactic verb agreement processing is discussed within a crosslinguistic perspective.


With the transformation of economic pattern, enterprises gradually change their attitude in environmental responsibilities from passive abidance by environmental regulations and standards, into active environmental responsibilities assumption. Cyclic economy can not have a further promotion without active environmental responsibilities assumption of enterprises; the deepening of cyclic economy has advanced higher requirements to corporate environmental responsibilities. Motivity for enterprises to actively take on environmental responsibilities sources from market orientation, as well as incentives of governmental policy on environment. Benefit gaming exists among enterprises,individuals and the public. Through environmental policy adjustment, the three parties can come to the benefit equilibrium, which will encourage not only active environmental responsibilities assumption of enterprises, but also healthy development of cyclic economy.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a new carbohydrate conjugate comprising a specific conjugate of a tetrasaccharide such as sialyl-Lewis X, having activities as an inhibitor of cell adhesion as a blocker of a low molecular carbohydrate receptor and useful for prevention, treatment or the like of disease caused by the cell adhesion. SOLUTION: This new carbohydrate conjugate is represented by formula I [Z is a branched tetrasaccharide; Y is O, NH(CO); R 2 is an amino acid, an oligopeptide residue of up to six amino acids, a lipophilic residue composed of aliphatic or alicyclic units, combination of aliphatic and heterocyclic units or a triphenylmethane dye; when Y is 0, (p) is 1 and (n) is an integer of 2-10, and when Y is NH(CO) and (p) is 1, (n) is an integer of 1-10], has activities as an inhibitor of cell adhesion as a blocker of a low molecular carbohydrate receptor and is useful for prevention, treatment, diagnosis or the like of disease caused by the excess cell adhesion. The compound is obtained by reacting a compound of formulas II, III or IV with a compound of formula V (X is hydroxyl or a carboxyl-activating leaving group). COPYRIGHT: (C)1996,JPO


Isoprene emissions from oak trees in the eastern USA play an important role in tropospheric ozone pollution. Oak trees (Quercus) emit an order of magnitude more isoprene than most other emitting tree species, and are by far the largest source of biogenic isoprene in the eastern US. We used Landsat TM data to measure oak tree abundance near Oak Ridge, Tennessee, to estimate uxes of isoprene. The Landsat classi cation was performed using multi-date data, supervised classi cation techniques, and an iterative approach. Training sites were selected based on transect data, and ten vegetation classes were mapped. A supervised classi cation algorithm called the Spectral Angle Mapper was used to classify the data. Empirical vegetation emission data were used to estimate the isoprene ux from each of the vegetation classes. The resultant isoprene ux maps were compared with concentrations measured in the eld, and a good correspondence was observed. We also compare the Landsat classi cation with three other landcover schemes including the USGS's Global Landcover Classi cation, which is based on AVHRR data. Results from these landcover classi cations are used as input for models that predict tropospheric ozone production and are used to investigate ozone control strategies.


A foot type mopping robot mainly comprises a robot main body, a steering engine A, a steering wheel A, a steering engine fixing rack B, a steering engine B, a steering wheel B, a big arm connecting rack A, a steering engine fixing rack C, a steering engine C, a steering wheel C, a big arm connecting rack B, an L-shaped rack, a manipulator main plate, a T-shaped sliding plate, a T-shaped fixing plate, a gripper arm, an arc-shaped connecting plate, a steering rack, a steering engine D, a mop rod, a rib, a mopping base, a hook, a garbage box, a wheel driving motor, wheels, a front layering partition, a rear layering partition, a steering wheel E, a steering engine fixing rack E, a steering engine E, a steering engine fixing rack F, a steering engine F, a steering wheel F, a thigh connecting rod A, a thigh connecting rod B, a steering engine fixing rack G, a steering engine G, a steering wheel G, a shank, a driving motor A, a brush connecting rack, a brush, a rolling brush fixing rack, a rolling brush, a driving motor B, a U-steel type shell and an ash stopping plate. By the foot type mopping robot, the work efficiency can be improved; and a cleaning effect is high.


To evaluate the resistance of imidzolidone-resistant oilseed rape to nonselective herbicide imazethapyr and its application value for the selection of imidzolidone-resistant oilseed rape varieties which are environmentally biosafe,the concentration gradient experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of various concentrations of imazethapyr on the seedling growth of oilseed rape by measuring plant height,leaf number,maximum leaf area,and dry matter weight,etc.on day 10,day 20,day 35,day 50 and day 65 after spraying herbicide imazethapyr.The effects on the agronomic,economic and quality properties of imidzolidone-resistant oilseed rape were analyzed as well by determination of the single plant biomass,oil content,protein content,glucosinolate content and fatty acid composition in rapeseed.The result showed that high concentration of imazethapyr inhibited the growth of leaf and main stem markedly,sequentially restrained dry matter accumulation of aboveground part and the agronomic and economic properties of mature oilseed rape.Inhibition by imazethapyr at concentration range from 45 to 180 g/hm2,ai.to oilseed rape at ealy seedling stage was exhibited at ealy seedling stage,however,the rape growth began to resume,with LAI and seedling height being 92.94% and normal to CK(imazethapyr-free) at day 35 and day 65,respectively.No undesirable effect appeared in imidzolidone-resistant oilseed sprayed with nonselective herbicide-imazethapyr.The lowest effective dose(ED90) of herbicide imazethapyr was 45 g/hm2,ai.,and the highest was 108.59-190.77 g/hm2,ai.,which indicated that the resistance effect of nonselective herbicide imazethapyr on imidzolidone-resistant oilseed rape was quite strong.


A multivariate technique named Canonical Concordance Correlation Analysis (CCCA) is introduced. In contrast to the classical Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA) which is based on maximization of the Pearson's correlation coefficient between the linear combinations of two sets of variables, the CCCA maximizes the Lin's concordance correlation coefficient which accounts not just for the maximum correlation but also for the closeness of the aggregates' mean values and the closeness of their variances. While the CCA employs the centered data with excluded means of the variables, the CCCA can be understood as a more comprehensive characteristic of similarity, or agreement between two data sets measured simultaneously by the distance of their mean values and the distance of their variances, together with the maximum possible correlation between the aggregates of the variables in the sets. The CCCA is expressed as a generalized eigenproblem which reduces to the regular CCA if the means of the aggregates are equal, but for the different means it yields a different from CCA solution. The properties and applications of this type of multivariate analysis are described. The CCCA approach can be useful for solving various applied statistical problems when closeness of the aggregated means and variances, together with the maximum canonical correlations are needed for a general agreement between two data sets.


Abstract We have synthesized a new composition of calcium phosphate bone cements (CPCs) and silver loaded calcium phosphate bone cements (Ag-CPCs) based on α–tricalcium phosphate, brushite, and hydroxyapatite phases. Cement powders with an atomic ratio of Ca/P equal to 1.38 and Ag/Ca = 0 and 0.05 were used in this study. The silver was introduced into the cement matrix by means of Ag3PO4 powder, already prepared. The significant effects of the introduction of silver in the solid phase as silver phosphate on setting time, morphology, and phase composition of the final cements were evaluated. With the addition of silver, the final setting time increased by ̴ 25%. XRD shows that the crystalline composition of cement changes and the cement pattern demonstrates peaks of whitlockite for silver loaded cement samples. FTIR spectroscopy shows the presence of the pyrophosphate phase. Graphical Abstract


Due to popularity of the World Wide Web and e-commerce, electronic communications between people and different organizations through virtual world of the Internet have provided a good basis for commercial and economic relations. These developments, although occurring for less than a century, electronic communications have always been subject to interference, cheating, fraud, and other acts of sabotage. Along with this increase in trading volume, there is a huge increase in the number of online fraud which results in billions of dollars of losses annually worldwide; this has a direct effect on customer service of banking systems, particularly electronic banking systems, and survival as a reliable financial service provider. Therefore, attention to fraud detection techniques is essential to prevent fraudulent acts and is the motive for many scientific researches. For this reason, business intelligence is used to identify financial violations in various economic, banking and other fields. Here, the focus is on algorithms and methods presented in data mining to deal with fraud by using neural networks. The main objective is to improve these methods or present new algorithms by studying the behavioral patterns of customers and the combined use of genetic algorithm to improve the performance of neural network and find the appropriate models for better decision making by implementing and testing the performance of the suggested algorithms. The results show that more strength was given to neural network by using genetic algorithm. In fact, genetic algorithm can raise our ability to control the training process. Moreover, it was concluded that criteria such as age, gender, marital status were not effective on detection; in fact, the most important effective criteria are information related to transaction.


Bortezomib (Velcade) is a first‐in‐class proteasome inhibitor approved for multiple myeloma that induces apoptosis in several cancer cell lines. Using U2OS, a human osteosarcoma cell line, and RAW 264.7, a mouse pre‐osteoclast cell line, we established bortezomib treatment resulted in a time‐and dose‐dependent decrease in metabolic activity, indicative of enhanced apoptosis. To improve its delivery we examined two types of liposomal formulations namely cationic and ceramide. Liposomes were prepared by dry film evaporation technique, characterized in terms of particle size, zeta potential, and encapsulation efficiency, and then examined for their effects on metabolic activity using undifferentiated and differentiated cells. In the case of RAW 264.7 the cells were differentiated using M‐CSF and RANKL, while for U2OS cells _‐glycerol phosphate and ascorbic acid were used. For both cell lines, encapsulation of bortezomib into ceramide lipid nanoparticles enhanced apoptosis of undifferentiated and differentiated cells. These results are in contrast to encapsulation of bortezomib into cationic lipid nanoparticles which did not significantly enhance the drugs' apoptotic effect. Thus, encapsulation of bortezomib into ceramide lipid nanoparticles may enhance its effects on osteoclast cells, which are upregulated in multiple myeloma as well as osteosarcomas. Funding to GP is provided by Chicago College of Pharmacy Student Summer Research Grant and funding for this research provided by a Chicago College of Pharmacy's Startup Research Grant


CITATION: Martin, R. D. 2020. The fundamental importance of breastfeeding for health and development, in Macnab, A., Daar, A. & Pauw, C. 2020. Health in transition : translating developmental origins of health and disease science to improve future health in Africa. Stellenbosch: SUN PReSS, doi:10.18820/9781928357759/06.


The spacer grids are important structures present in nuclear fuel assembly from Pressurized Water Reactors (PWR). They play an important structural role and also assist in heat removal through the assembly by promoting increased turbulence of the flow. However the presence of spacer grids in the fuel assembly causes a localized pressure drop. In this paper we present experimental results of the water flow velocity profiles for five heights from a spacer grid present in a 5x5 rod bundle. These velocity profiles were obtained using a LDV (Laser Doppler Velocimetry). The tests were conducted for Reynolds numbers ranging from 1.8x10 4 to 5.4x10 4 . This experimental research was carried out in thermo-hydraulics laboratory of Nuclear Technology Development Center - CDTN. This experimental research also assists in CFD - Computational Fluid Dynamics numerical analysis process which is also developed at CDTN.


The fact that sea cucumber themed catering industries are uprising in Qilu is relevant to its exceptional output of resources,characteristic cooking art,and deep-rooted dietary custom.Wide consuming demand brings about good economic benefit and profound market impact.The consumers' more awareness of health care,the perfection of sea cucumber industrial chain and the detailed division of specialized market will make potential market and big prospect for sea cucumber theme industries.


e24057Background: The American Society of Clinical Oncology guidelines recommend discussing the possibility of infertility in cancer patients of childbearing age being treated with gonadotoxic ther...


Case 5.-Avulsion of most of the tissues round the kneejoint with scarring and callous ulcer formation--the late result of a road accident to a boy aged Il. There were two pairs of similar areas on this leg. One of each of these pairs of areas was dressed with insulin and the other with the control solution. Over a period of three weeks healing was unsatisfactory with both dressings. A change was then made to Hey's wash, and epithelization started satisfactorily.


The present study was carried out during kharif 2018 at Anbil Dharmalingam Agricultural College and Research Institute, Trichy under sodic field condition. The experimental material comprising of 120 finger millet genotypes along with two checks viz., TRY 1and Paiyur 2 was laid out in randomized complete block design. Observations were recorded for 13 quantitative characters and the data were analyzed for biometric characters viz., phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV), genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV), heritability(h) and genetic advance as per cent of mean (GAM).High PCV and GCV were recorded for the characters Na/K ratio, grain yield per plant, number of tillers per plant, number of productive tillers per plant and straw yield per plant indicating the presence of high variability among the finger millet genotypes. High heritability coupled with genetic advance as per cent of mean was observed for all the characters except days to maturity it may be due to additive effects and selection may be effective for those character with high heritability and genetic advance viz., days to 50% flowering, plant height, earhead length, finger length, number of fingers per earhead, number of tillers per plant, number of productive tillers per plant, 1000 grain weigh, Na/K ratio, straw yield per plant and grain yield per plant.


We have gathered protocols of subjects in their first 30 hours of learning LISP. The processes by which subjects write LISP functions to meet problem specifications has been modeled in a simulation program called GRAPES (Goal Restricted Production System). The GRAPES system embodies the goal-restricted architecture for production systems as specified in the ACT* theory (Anderson, 1983). We compare our simulation to human protocols on a number of problems. GRAPES simulates the top-down, depth-first flow of control exhibited by subjects and produces code very similar to subject code. Special attention is given to modeling student solutions by analogy, how students learn from doing, and how failures of working memory affect the course of problem-solving. Of major concern is the process by which GRAPES compiles operators in solving one problem to facilitate the solution of later problems.


Dairy products are of particular importance for human nutrition. They provide about 100 nutrients (26 fatty acids, 45 minerals and 25 vitamins). Especially, fermented cream is among the most important dairy product that has a major demand on the consumer market, being purchased daily by consumers. Cream is high in fat. Cream fats are easily assimilated by the human body. The purpose of this paper is to determine the conformity of fermented cream and the study of standardized indices. The following research methods were included: method of analysis, methods of scientific knowledge and expertise. The paper contains the results of organoleptic, physico-chemical and sensory research on the quality of local and imported cream products. The results of the research show that no product fully met the prescribed requirements. We also studied consumer preferences by sensory analysis of fermented cream (20 points). The highest score was 18.4 points, accumulated by the "President" cream. In addition, we checked the correctness of the mandatory information on the product labels. In this sense, out of all the 6 products analyzed, only one product meets the requirements of Law 279 on consumer information on food. The other products are missing one or two pieces of information related to the batch number, product safety information and the label with the translation into the state language.


Reversible molecular-dynamics (MD) simulations have been carried out on simple models for dispersions of circular Laponite clay platelets to investigate the local structure on a mesoscopic scale. The platelets carry discrete charged sites interacting via a screened Coulomb potential. In model A all surface sites have identical negative charge, while model B also includes rim charges of opposite sign. These two models were used in a series of simulations in the semidilute regime, and for three values of the Debye screening length. The structure of the dispersions is characterized by translational and orientational pair distribution functions, and by the corresponding structure factors. Qualitative differences in the pair structure arising from variations in concentration and screening length lead to a tentative identification of sol, gel, and crystal phases. The rim charges have a dramatic effect on the local structure in the strong screening regime, leading to T-shaped pair configuration and clustering of...


Gran ular cell tumors, also called Abrikossoff tumors, are benign, slowly growing neoplasms, presumably of Schwarm cell orig in. They may occur anywhere in the bod y, although 50% occur in the head and neck. The mo st common site is the tongue; the larynx is involved in approximately 10% of all cases. Granular cell tumors typically develop in the fourth and fifth decad es of life; they are quite rare in children . Blacks are affected more commonly than other races. A slight female preponderance has been reported. As many as 10% of patie nts experi ence multifocal synchronous or metachronou s tu mors. Clinically, patients with laryngeal granular cell tu mors present with hoarseness, dysphagia, cough and, less frequentl y, stridor. Most tumors are smaller than 2 cm; larger tumors can cause difficulty breathing. The vast majority of tumors arise from the posterior aspect of the true vocal folds; approximately half of these extend into the subglottis. These tumors are covered with an intact squamous mucosa, and they are smooth, po lypoid, firm, homogeneous, and well circumscribed with a gray-yellow cut appearance. Immediately overlying the mass , the epithelium demonstrates pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia in mo st cases (figure 1). Som etimes the hyperplasia is so florid that it mimics squamous cell carcinoma. The tu mor cells are arranged in sheets and clusters, and they are often associated with nerves, which gives them an "infiltrative" appearance. The polygonal to elongated cells are large, and they have indistinct cell borders and a syncytial appearance. The cytoplasm is coarsely gran ular with a prominent eosinophilia. The nuclei are small and hyperchromatic to vesicular, and they may be centrally or eccentrically located. Mitotic figures, necrosis, and pleomorphism are generally absent. The cytopl asmic granularit y can be highlighted by a diastase-resistant, periodic acid-Schiff stain that highlights the lysosomes. The tumor cells are separated by


In the theory of five elements,earth promotes metal;In the five Zang-organs,The spleen is earth,lung for gold.The promoting element is regarded as the mother and the promoted element as its child.Supplementing earth to culture gold method is the commonly used treatment method,which is based on the five elements of Inter-promotion relationship,with supplementing Spleen-Qi to replenishing lung-Qi.Spleen is regarded as the mother of the lung,The spleen and stomach is the origin of the acquired constitution,the source of Qi-blood.Later stage of Chronic lung disease,pathogen mostly has gone to,The Lung spleen and kidney deficiency of Healthy qi state.Reduction of disease exacerbation of Basic approach is to enhance the body's Healthy Qi resistance to disease.Supplementing earth is a method,and culturing gold is objective.


Cognitive psychology primarily focuses on understanding of how humans represent and process spatial information. Cognitive psychology approaches to spatial thinking consider how we think about space (i.e., thinking in space, and thinking about space) and how we use space to think (i.e., thinking with space). This paper outlines topics to be covered on each of these topics in a course on spatial thinking, with recommended readings for each topic. Depending on the audience, it might be appropriate to put more emphasis on fundamental understanding or to also address applications of spatial cognition research, for example in education or to the development of spatial technologies. An important goal of any course in spatial thinking is to give students an appreciation of research methods in spatial cognition, including the types of inferences that can and cannot be made from different types of evidence to enable students to be critical readers of the literature.


The key issues Patients want to know that when they are admitted to hospital, or treated by a range of health care professionals in primary care, that they will receive safe, effective treatment. They need to know that they will be prescribed the right medication, in the right dose for their condition, and that they will be treated by appropriately trained health professionals, in a safe environment, free from fear of infection and risk. They also want to be confident that their admission to hospital will not expose them to greater risk and that the potential complications of hospitalisation or community treatment will be minimised. During the 1990s, epidemiological studies began to identify the prevalence of adverse events in patients admitted to hospitals. For example, the Havard Medical Practice study found that 3.7% of inpatient episodes led to harmful events, with 0.7% leading to permanent disability or death (Leape, et al., 1991). The Quality in Australian Health Study found rates of 16.6 and 3%, respectively; half of these were estimated to be preventable (Wilson, 1995). A similar study in the United Kingdom identified that approximately one in 10 patients experienced an adverse event, and half of these were judged preventable: a third led to moderate or greater disability or death (Vincent, et al., 2001). Two particular areas of risk that have emerged are the use of medication and infection. Safe care requires fail-proof systems that are structured to include routine checking, systematic processes and attention to detail. It requires meticulous and auditable processes and the use of proven techniques like computer-generated reminders, automated prescription checking and monitoring of timing of key processes whose efficacy depends on speed of administration. It is no longer good enough for doctors, nurses and other health practitioners to do their best; they need to be working in a healthy system if they are to deliver high-quality, risk-free care. This can be challenging for a range of health care professionals. For example, doctors and nurses can consider that what happens one-to-one with the patient is the most important part of quality of care. Although individual care delivery should be of the highest standard, if health care professionals work in a system that fails to Journal of Research in Nursing ©2009 SAGE PUBLICATIONS Los Angeles, London, New Delhi and Singapore VOL 14 (4) 299–302 DOI: 10.1177/ 1744987109105832 COMMENTARY


Steerable needles have the potential to increase the effectiveness of needle-based clinical procedures such as biopsy, drug delivery, and radioactive seed implantation for cancer treatment. These needles can trace curved paths when inserted into tissue, thereby increasing maneuverability and targeting accuracy while reaching previously inaccessible targets that are behind sensitive or impenetrable anatomical regions. Guiding these flexible needles along an intended path requires continuously inserting and twisting the needle at its base, which is not intuitive for a human operator. In addition, the needle often deviates from its intended trajectory due to factors such as tissue deformation, needle-tissue interaction, noisy actuation and sensing, modeling errors, and involuntary patient motions. These challenges can be addressed with the assistance of robotic systems that automatically compensate for these perturbations by performing motion planning and feedback control of the needle in a closed-loop fashion under sensory feedback.
We present two approaches for efficient closed-loop guidance of steerable needles to targets within clinically acceptable accuracy while safely avoiding sensitive or impenetrable anatomical structures. The first approach uses a fast motion planning algorithm that unifies planning and control by continuously replanning, enabling correction for perturbations as they occur. We evaluate our method using a needle steering system in phantom and ex vivo animal tissues. The second approach integrates motion planning and feedback control of steerable needles in highly deformable environments. We demonstrate that this approach significantly improves the probability of success compared to prior approaches that either consider uncertainty or deformations but not both simultaneously. We also propose a data-driven method to estimate parameters of stochastic models of steerable needle motion. These models can be used to create realistic medical simulators for clinicians wanting to train for steerable needle procedures and to improve the effectiveness of existing planning and control methods.
This dissertation advances the state of the art in planning and control of steerable needles and is an important step towards realizing needle steering in clinical practice. The methods developed in this dissertation also generalize to important applications beyond medical needle steering, such as manipulating deformable objects and control of mobile robots.


Use of multilayer dielectric thin films provides opportunities to optimize properties for different applications. In this work, the changes in the leakage current in Ba0.8Sr0.2TiO3 thin films upon introduction of ZrO2 layers of different thicknesses are studied. Unusual changes in the leakage current and the transition field with variation in the number and thickness of the ZrO2 layers are observed. Profile of the oxygen concentration across the sample, as determined by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, shows that the oxygen diffusion length controls the modulation in the concentration of the charged oxygen vacancies, and hence the depletion layer thicknesses, at the interfaces. A qualitative model for the observed behavior is provided.


The effects of addition of carnosine (C9H14N4O3) at concentrations of 0.05%,0.1%,0.5% and 1.0% on myoglobin reductase activity,pigment content,lipid oxidation and color stability in beef patties during refrigerated storage at 4 ± 1℃ were investigated.The results indicated that:addition of carnosine to meat patties significantly (p 0.05) inhibited myoglobin oxidation and increased Metmb-reducing activity during refrigerated storage.Carnosines (0.1% and 0.5%) significantly inhibited lipid oxidation and increased color stability of beef patties during chilled storage.


The term codicology as a name for the science that studies manuscript books, introduced in 1949, almost immediately began to take on different meanings. They can be reduced to the conception of codicology in a narrower sense, as an archaeological discipline, and its conception in a broader sense, as a historical discipline. Regardless of these differences, its starting point is in the material structure of the codex. Recent tendencies in the development of codicology lead to its adaptation to the nature of the material or to certain scientific goals: quantitative codicology is interested in book production and its economic and social context and does not recognize the distinctive value of an individual book but of a mass of ordinary manuscripts; comparative codicology compares manuscripts belonging to different cultures, searching for their common features and mutual influences; structural codicology distinguishes between the morphological and syntactic dimensions of manuscripts and is particularly suitable for processing noncompact codices.During the 1970s, Dimitrije Bogdanovic was the first to write about codicology in the Serbian environment, advocating its broad, cultural understanding, but he did not have a large number of followers. This can be explained by the specific development of the Serbian science of manuscripts. Namely, for more than six decades, the term archaeography has been used here for describing manuscripts, and the methodology of archaeography has been characterized by equal treatment of all elements of a manuscript book, including content, which is why one manuscript is being processed by three or four experts of different scientific profiles. This has been transferred to the scientific research field as well because researchers, for the most part, stay within the framework of a certain range of topics and methodologies from their disciplines, approaching the codex as a historical source, while its overall understanding is left to archaeographers who, however, do not work in scientific institutions but only in libraries. The paper presents in more detail the differences between the codicological and archaeographic approach and advocates the use of the term material description for the initial part of the full archaeographic description.


Spin-orbit coupling in atomic nuclei plays an important role in nuclear structure and reactions. One of the most direct ways to observe its effect in nuclear reactions is in experiments on elastic scattering of polarized protons from nuclei. For experiments with unstable nuclei, spin-polarized target is required. CNS, Univ. of Tokyo and RIKEN groups have developed polarized target for such experiments. Method of production of spin polarization employed in the target system is based on the cross-polarization technique, where polarization of electron system is transferred to protons in the presence of rotating magnetic field. Rotating magnetic field is generated by a microwave resonator as a standing electromagnetic wave. To during of polarization test with redesigned loop-gap resonator


The charge-transfer resonance of Raman measurements in nanosized semiconductor–molecule–metal interfaces as a function of the excitation energy with four models (Cu–ZnO–PATP–Ag, Cu–Ag–PATP–ZnO, Cu–ZnO–Ag–PATP, and Cu–Ag–ZnO–PATP assemblies) to describe this dependence provides a powerful tool to study the chemical mechanism of surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). We measured the SERS spectra of self-assembled p-aminothiophenol (PATP) molecule junctions at 488, 514, 633, and 785 nm excitation wavelengths. We followed changes at the molecule junctions during the conditioning and eventually effect of charge-transfer (CT) through molecule–ZnO interfaces. Our results demonstrate that the interaction between the semiconductor bands and molecular energy levels can lead to novel charge behavior. The typical ZnO-PATP interfacial electron–hole recombination causes an increase in the CT resonance enhancement of Raman scattering, which is mainly responsible for the drastic change in molecular polarizability. We ...


This study aimed at understanding the level of religiosity and nationalism of adolescents who are high school students. It also tried to explain the environment that supports the development of youth's religiosity and nationalism. In the context of Indonesian, nationalism and religiosity are needed in everyday life. Both of these attitudes cannot be separated and let alone contested. The study of these attitudes at the adolescent level is important, at least because religiosity in adolescents begins to be developed and strengthened. They are expected to become "Golden Generation" in 2045. This research was conducted at SMA Negeri 8 Kediri, East Java with quantitative and qualitative approaches. The results of the research show that students' religiosity and nationalism are well developed. Both of these attitudes are positively correlated. It means that students with good religiosity also have good nationalism. This well-developed nationality and religiosity cannot be separated from the efforts made by the school in developing the school environment to these attitudes.


Much effort has gone into streamlining software testing and deployment for large projects and large user-base tools such as ALMA and CASA. But NRAO has not yet achieved a fully automated software development pipeline for many of its software systems. The ngVLA will operate at a scale where automated software testing and deployment management will be critical to meeting the budget goals for operations, and for staff productivity.


A method is described for reservoir characterization in fine-grained and thinly bedded shales based on a probabilistic clustering procedure (PCP) of well logs followed by a forward modeling procedure that results in the calculation of profiles for porosity, water saturation (Sw), and permeability. The credibility of results relies on calibration using porosity, permeability, and mineralogy analyses of core samples. Complementary analysis using a nuclear spectroscopy log, if available, can add confidence to the results. Kerogen needs to be included during the forward modeling because it is a matrix component of the bulk rock and the matrix grain density (GD) can be significantly affected by kerogen. Kerogen profiles can be estimated if kerogen core analyses are included in the PCP. In addition, a total organic carbon (TOC) profile, which is needed to determine the amount of adsorbed gas, can be estimated based on core analyses of TOC. The relationships between TOC and kerogen, including a discussion of Rock-Eval pyrolysis, are outlined. The estimation of free gas gross pay in gas shales is fraught with difficulty because of the vagaries of estimating porosity and Sw. Although not realistic in terms of gross storage capacity, the use of the combination of total porosity (TPOR) and total water saturation (Swt) gives the same pay as the combination of effective porosity (EPOR) and effective water saturation (Swe). However, the combination of EPOR and Swt is ill-construed and results in underestimation of gross pay. The estimation of adsorbed gas in gas shales relies on a methodology and equations adopted from the coalbed methane industry. The workflow is easily implemented, but the credibility of results hinges on the assumption that the adopted methodology and equations are valid for gas shales, and on having sufficient and proper laboratory-derived gas adsorption isotherm measurements to represent the TOC heterogeneity of the reservoir. An example is given using analysis of a cored well from the Upper Jurassic Haynesville Shale of northwestern Louisiana and northeastern Texas. The analysis generated profiles for TPOR and EPOR, Swt and Swe, permeability, and net feet of pay.


This study examines meat production and its consumption in the Wa Municipality of Ghana. A total of 80 consumers and 30 butchers were randomly sampled in four communities (Nayiri, Jujeidayiri, Kabanye and Doori) and an abattoir, respectively in the Municipality. Semi-structured questionnaires were administered to both consumers and butchers. Majority of the consumers surveyed were females (57.5%) and literate (66.3%). Also majority of the consumers were Muslims (65%), while 35% were Christians; thus none was a traditionalist. At the abattoir all the butchers were males and majority were Muslims (79.3%), 17.2% were Christians and 3.4% were traditionalists. The results showed that beef was the most preferred type of meat, followed by chicken, chevon (goat meat), mutton, pork and guinea fowl. Majority of the consumers (78.8%) buy and consume meat daily. Most consumers (60%) in the Municipality obtained their meat from the market referred to as the butcher. The factors which mostly influence the consumption of meat are taste, price, availability, tradition and nutrition. Taste was the most influencing factor for the choice of meat in Wa Municipality. Though meat produce in Wa Municipality is usually inspected by responsible authority from the Wa Municipal Assembly, most of the consumers rated the local meat as unhygienic.


Geomorphologists use numerical models over a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. How these models are validated and verified depends on the scales involved, not least because of the (non-) availability of some data critical for direct testing. Placing model testing within a formal framework of scale relations is suggested to increase the rigour of such testing. Two examples of numerical models are presented: the first concerns downstream sediment fining in river systems. The SEDROUT model has been tested in terms of its overall performance on three rivers, covering a c.40x range of discharge. At each site, internal components of the model have been validated against independent data. The testing programme for this model is considered to produce an overall evaluation that is sufficiently rigorous for the model to be more than a heuristic tool. The second example is of long-term landscape evolution models (surface process models, with or without coupled tectonic models) that have been used both to investigate specific sites and to study general principles of landscape evolution. Direct testing of such models is difficult on account of the long timescales and large spatial scales involved. A combination of imaginative formulation of model tests and the use of new technologies to develop novel model tests is advocated as providing potentially robust evaluation of such models. Both examples lead to the conclusion that field- and model-based studies need to be linked and that research programmes require greater integration than ever before.


Pulse tube refrigerator is now approaching practical applications High frequency pulse tube coolers are compact and easy to use, and mostly works in the liquide nitrogen temperature region They are likely to be first practically used to a considerable scale This paper reports the work of the authors on this topic and discusses the problems to be solved


find out whether their position was measurably deteriorating. The section on indebtedness is a mine of information. The penultimate chapter admirably illustrates Government's dilemma. Britain is admitted to have had a concern for Indian economic development but this concern was inseparable from the necessity to collect rent. Change was wanted and came in some fields but an underlying aim was the maintenance of elements of the socio-political status quo. Change brought dislocation and the rulers were forced into pragmatic and ineffective attempts to remedy the results of their own actions. Whether there was any way out of this dilemma, whether other aims and policies would have bettered the conditions of the ra'iyyat, remain unanswered. Interpreters of the Raj often have some implied ideal alternative system in mind. Only the Marxists expound it. Despite all the documentation, despite the tables and charts in the appendixes, some of which are of doubtful relevance, too many unsolved problems are left to make this study definitive. The text and bibliography omit reference to a large body of socio-economic theory and literature on India. Apart from a few references, the vital demographic factor is neglected. There is no thorough analysis of hoarding, of how the wealthy disposed of their surplus or of investment in processing industry. Famines rightly are considered, but there is vagueness about their extent and mortality and about alternatives to the criticized Famine Code. Economists will find, if at all, only scattered references, not integrated into a theoretical framework, to the rationality of peasant behaviour, the priceelasticity of supply of crops, differential productivity by size of holding, and savingsconsumption amounts and patterns. It is notable that the index does not include the words capital, consumption, income, savings, or wages. Reviewers, of course, should beware of castigating authors for omitting to do what they had no intention of doing or of speaking a language other than their own. The growth theorist and econometric historian may find the idiom and method different, but he would do well to absorb the common-sense realities of the cases quoted in this book and the practical complexities of administration and tenurial arrangements if he is to understand how British India operated. He will be reminded, for example, that not only in some areas is rainfall a vital factor in economic growth which must find a place in any model with pretensions to realism, but also that frequent drizzles may be better than infrequent torrents. He will learn that the use of timber for railway fuel may have severe economic and ecological repercussions. Above all he will get a sense of the intricacies of implementing policy and of the pitfalls facing the syncretist of even one region of India. In sum, although this book does not give a simple, bird's-eye view of conditions in North India, it contains such a store of knowledge and so erudite a commentary as to make it indispensable reading for the serious student of Indian affairs.


In this work we set some connection between father function, childhood growth patterns, psychological development and a collection of signs, among them, low scholar efficiency, in a group of younger. Among these sings we list low scholar efficiency, problems in communication, hostility, depression, frequent lies and transgressor behavior. On childhood growth pattern, a now acceptable laxity on parent's side was detected. Looking at the most relevant characteristics of the family subject we found that most of them correspond to separate couple, with a high percentage of fathers absent or with low presence in front of their children. Finally the results are discussed against the theory and the experience of the author, with emphasis in it psichoeducative implications.


The possibility of using Ganoderma lucidum extract as corrosion inhibitor for 1018 carbon steel in 0.5 M H2SO4 was evaluated by using potentiodynamic polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The tests were supported by qualitative chemical tests, UV-Vis and FTIR spectroscopy. It was proved that G. lucidum is a good inhibitor, with its efficiency increasing with its concentration, reaching vales higher than 90%. In addition to the decrease in the corrosion current density, the passive current density was also decreased by forming a passive film containing iron oxide/hydroxide and proline present in the extract.


Work accomplished from January 2013 to may 2013, in the miscarry located in Santa Maria District, which belongs to the budgeted unit of municipal community services in Guantanamo Province, with the objective of verify the effect of the organic fertilizer derived from the urban solid residues (USR) in the Peruvian Thevetia (Cabalonga) cultivation under nursery´s. A fully randomized design was used applying 4 treatments starting from the organic fertilizer dosage as fallows: proportion 1:1 soil/USR, 2:1 soil/USR, 3:1 soil/USR and 3:1 soil/bovine manure as control. Among the evaluated variables there are the height of the plant, germination length, stem diameter and the number of leaves. The best results, starting from the evaluated parameters, were those obtained from the mixture of soil and the fertilizer gotten from the urban solid residues in portion 2:1.


The completion of Glen Canyon Dam in 1963 drastically altered the downstream flow regime and resulted in more than a 90 percent reduction of sand supply to the Colorado River in Grand Canyon National Park. Sandbars that were maintained by annual floods and a large sediment supply are now fewer in number and smaller in area and volume. Efforts to maintain sandbars in the current era of dam management utilize controlled floods timed to occur during brief periods of sediment enrichment that result from tributary floods. Repeat surveys of 22 sandbars made before and after controlled floods conducted in 1996, 2004, and 2008 document changes in sandbar volume; and repeat surveys at more than 100 sites document changes in sandbar elevation and morphology for the 2008 event. Each of the controlled floods resulted in sandbar deposition that was followed by erosion in the 6-month post-flood period. Erosion rates are positively correlated with post-flood dam release volumes and negatively correlated with post-flood tributary sediment supply volume. October 2008 sandbar volume was similar or larger than sandbar volume in February 1996, before the first of the three controlled floods. Deposition during the 2008 controlled flood was also associated with increases in the quantity of backwater habitat, which is used by native and non-native fish.


5545Background: In ARIEL3, rucaparib significantly improved progression-free survival (PFS) vs placebo in all randomized patients, including patients with BRCA-mutant, BRCA wild-type/high-LOH (pres...


Porphyrin-based molecules inserted into the oxide layer of a metal–oxide–semiconductor structure served as Coulomb islands. A Coulomb staircase originating from the single-electron tunneling was observed in a current–voltage curve. We found that light irradiation induced a shift in the Coulomb staircase. This shift was reversible; the shifted Coulomb staircase returned to its original position when the light irradiation was turned off. We thus demonstrated optical switching of a tunneling current. This result indicates that the molecular Coulomb islands have the potential to provide a range of optical functionality in single-electron tunneling devices.


Abstract In order to develop downstream processing routines for iron ore and to understand the behaviour of the ore during processing, extensive mineralogical characterisation is required. Microscopic analysis of polished sections is effective to determine mineral associations, mineral liberation and grain size distribution. There are two main imaging techniques used for the characterisation of iron ore, i.e. optical image analysis (OIA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In this article, a QEMSCAN system is used as an example of SEM methodology and results obtained from it are compared against results obtained by the CSIRO Recognition3/Mineral3 OIA system. Both OIA and SEM systems have advantages and drawbacks. Even though the latest SEM systems can distinguish between major iron oxides and oxyhydroxides, it is still problematic for SEM systems to distinguish between iron ore minerals very close in oxygen content, e.g. hematite and hydrohematite, or between different types of goethite. Scanning electron microscopy systems also can misidentify minerals with close chemical composition, i.e. hematite as magnetite and vitreous goethite as hematite. In OIA, iron minerals with slight differences in their oxidation or hydration state are more easily and directly recognisable by correlation with their reflectivity. In both methods, the presence of microporosity can result in some misidentification, but in SEM methods misidentifications due to microporosity can be critical. Low resolution during QEMSCAN analysis can significantly affect the textural classification of particle sections. The main conclusion of this study is that, for low iron content ores or tailings, SEM systems can provide much more detailed information on the gangue minerals than OIA. However, for routine characterisation of iron ores with high iron content and containing a variety of iron oxides and oxyhydroxides, OIA is a faster, more cost effective and more reliable method of iron ore characterisation. A combined approach using both techniques will provide the most detailed understanding of iron ore samples being characterised.


Emergency contraception (EC) is any method of contraception which is used after intercourse and before the potential time of implantation, in order to prevent pregnancy after an unprotected or inadequately protected sexual intercourse, or cases of rape. Use of emergency contraception could halve the number of unintended pregnancies and the consequent need for abortion, but unfortunately many medical professionals and the public are not aware of it. Two methods are available for emergency contraception, namely emergency contraception pills (ECPs) and copper-bearing intrauterine devices (Cu-IUDs). There are two regimens of ECP, the levonorgestrel regimen and combined regimen. The levonorgestrel regimen is preferred as it is more effective and causes less side effects. ECPs should be administered as soon as possible after unprotected or inadequately protected sex, being most effective if initiated within 24 hours. Cu-IUDs can be inserted up to 5 days after unprotected sexual intercourse. Emergency contraception mainly works by preventing fertilization, and does not interrupt and established pregnancy. Emergency contraception is very safe, therefore can be offered to women who have had unprotected intercourse and wish to prevent pregnancy. It must only be used as a backup method of birth control. (Med J Indones. 2013;22:248-52. doi: 10.13181/mji.v22i4.609) Keywords: Birth control, copper-IUD, emergency contraception, emergency contraceptive pills, levonorgestrel


Much of our current understanding of age-related declines in mobility has been aided by decades of investigations on the role of muscle–tendon units spanning major lower extremity joints (e.g., hip, knee and ankle) for powering locomotion. Yet, mechanical contributions from foot structures are often neglected. This is despite the emerging evidence of their critical importance in youthful locomotion. With the rapid growth in the field of human foot biomechanics over the last decade, our theoretical knowledge of young asymptomatic feet has transformed, from long-held views of the foot as a stiff lever and a shock absorber to that of a versatile system that can modulate mechanical power and energy output to accommodate various locomotor task demands. In this perspective review, we predict that the next set of impactful discoveries related to locomotion in older adults will emerge by integrating the novel tools and approaches that are currently transforming the field of human foot biomechanics. By illuminating the functions of the feet in older adults, we envision that future investigations will refine our mechanistic understanding of mobility deficits affecting our aging population, which may ultimately inspire targeted interventions to rejuvenate the mechanics and energetics of locomotion.


We consider a quantum wire with a finite region of localized spin-orbit interaction of the Rashba type. For energies above the onset of the second conductance plateau, we find a spin polarization of the transmitted current when a beam of unpolarized electrons is injected into the Rashba region. Our numerical simulations show that the amount of polarization can be tuned with the Rashba coupling strength, thus offering an all-electrical method to generate spin polarized currents. With the aid of a simplified model, we discuss that the polarization effect originates from the interference between subband states with different energy and opposite spin directions (© 2009 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


The coupling of excitons with atomic vibrations plays a pivotal role on the nonequilibrium optical properties of layered semiconductors. However, addressing the dynamical interaction between excitons and phonons represents a hard task both experimentally and theoretically. By means of time-resolved broadband optical reflectivity combined with state-of-the-art ab-initio calculations of a bismuth triiodide single crystal, we unravel the universal spectral fingerprints of exciton--phonon coupling in layered semiconductors. Furthermore, we microscopically relate a photoinduced coherent energy modulation of the excitonic resonance to coherent optical phonons, thereby tracking the extent of the photoinduced atomic displacement in real-space. Our findings represent a step forward on the road to coherent manipulation of the excitonic properties on ultrafast timescales.


THE THERAPEUTIC NEGATIVE REACTION AND THE ANALYTICAL FREUDIAN DEVICE The following article has for aim investigate the consequences of the therapeutic negative reaction in the Freudian conceptualization of the analytical device. Will start by delimiting the analytical device postulated by Freud along the irst topic one, emphasizing his two principal modals: the symptom and the neurosis of transference. From the conceptualization of the transference engine and obstacle, we will work the position of the analyst as a representation of the associative chain and as a partial object. We will conclude this irst movement with the delimiting of the psychoanalytic practice of the irst topic one from the joint between the fantasy, the drive and the position of the analyst. Finally, we will place the consequences of the therapeutic negative reaction in the above mentioned device. For it, we will distinguish two present dimensions of the phenomenon in the Freudian Work. The irst dimension of the therapeutic negative reaction will allow to place a dificulty in the device on having appeared externally of the joint between the fantasy, the drive and the position of the


Low‐load exercise can increase serum hormones such as growth hormone (GH) concentration in young adults when combined with blood flow restriction (BFR), but it is unclear whether walking with BFR (BFR‐walk) can elevate them for older adults. Furthermore, it remained untested whether changes in these purported anabolic hormones contribute to BFR‐walk‐induced muscle hypertrophy. To examine the relationship between the acute and chronic effects of BFR‐walk, seven women (age: 64 ± 2 years) performed treadmill walking with (BFR‐walk) and without BFR (CON‐walk) at 45% of heart rate reserve for 20 min in a randomized crossover design. During BFR‐walk, subjects wore 5‐cm cuffs on the proximal part of the upper legs. Blood samples were taken before (PRE), immediately after (POST‐1) and 15 min post (POST‐2) exercise. There was a main effect of time for GH (P<0·01) with levels increasing following exercise. In addition, there was a condition and time main effect for insulin; with insulin increasing to a greater degree with BFR at POST‐2. Noradrenaline increased across time for both BFR‐walk (P = 0·012) and CON‐walk (P<0·001); but BFR‐walk induced greater elevations at POST‐1 and POST‐2. The change in GH, insulin and noradrenaline was not significantly correlated with BFR‐walk‐induced muscle hypertrophy. These preliminary results suggest that the BFR‐walk‐induced elevation in the purported anabolic hormones may not have a large impact on muscle growth.


BAHIA PIAÇAVA (Attalea funifera MART.) TRADITIONAL USE, MANAGEMENT AND PROCESSING Piassava palm tree (Attalea funifera Mart.) is endemic of Atlantic Forest biome and it occurs in Bahia coast, Brazil. It has been used by indigenous communities even before the Portuguese arrived on Brazilian coast. This traditional knowledge was rapidly passed on to colonizers and black communities. The species is currently cultivated in large plantations and extractive activities are maintained by black population living in the region, family farmers and quilombola communities that still retain this resource in their forest fragments and in small plantations, locally named 'piaçava forest'. Vegetable fibers are commercialized in raw form, pre-benefited, benefited, brooms and handicraft using benefited vegetable fibers. This dissertation covers techniques and technologies involving vegetable fiber management and processing, through field surveys, knowledge exchange between researchers and piaçava extractors, implementation of parcels in planting areas, vegetable fiber yield tests and preliminary information in order to take advantage of fruit pulp and seed vegetable oil. It was found 888 palm trees per hectare in producer area, approximately 65% of them are producing vegetable fibers. Quilombola plantations presented approximately 1.250 palm trees per hectare, 83% of them are producing marketable vegetable fibers. Average fiber productivity per plant during "banana tree in production" phase was 1.2kg/plant/year and during coconut tree phase was about average of 3.68kg/plant/year. After more than 12 months of first extraction the average fiber per plant in second extraction was 0.71kg/plant/year in "banana tree in production" phase and 3.14kg/plant/year in coconut trees. Pre-beneficiation phase presented 17.3% of waste, beneficiation presented an average of 26.8% of waste and approximately 15,3% of disposal of fine/media fiber during piassava brooms confection phase. Therefore throughout productive process approximately 41.8% of waste is discarded, 35.6% of fine/media vegetable fibers are used in broom confection and 17% corresponds to by-product "stripe" to cover beach kiosks and 5,3% of thick/media fiber. Considering the commercialization of piaçava benefited vegetable fibers (cut) gross margins were: 10.47% to the extractor; 7,62% to the harvester; 28.57% to the "quilombolas"; and 52% to the intermediary. Despite the difficulties of accessing the piaçava broom market, the extractors dominate the techniques and technologies involved in the management and processing of vegetable fiber, which allows that the extractive family incoming be improved with palm fiber. Current extractive income varies from R$ 360.00 to R$ 600.00 per month, supposing the scenario where the extractor dominate the whole productive process of piaçava broom confection, gross monthly income of a single extractor, working 25 days a month, eight hours a day, would be R$ 2,460.00 per month. Production costs to produce 410 brooms would be approximately R$ 795.38, then net monthly gain would be R$ 1.664.63. Those amounts prove that dominating piassava vegetable fiber production, management and exploitation by extractors adds value to final product and raises quilombolas and small extractors' income.


This literature review provides a perspective for mentoring employees' professional practices. Five mentoring factors have been identified from the literature that may have applications for induction and recruitment of employees (mentees). These mentoring factors (namely, personal attributes, system requirements, professional knowledge, modelling, and feedback) may have associated attributes and practices to facilitate the development of professional practices. Mentoring can aid critical and creative thinking by facilitating possible solutions to problems and promoting the analyses of situations from different perspectives. Although there are some negative aspects to mentoring, mentors can act as agents of change but need to be current and active with professional knowledge in order to adequately assist their employees.


Abstract In analytical plasma spectrometry the dropled size distribution, produced by a sample introduction system is essential in a few directions. Conclusions: about the nebulizer and spray chamber design parameters, may be drawn1,2 as well as about phenomena related to the transport of droplets from the nebulizer to the plasma, and about phenomena related to the desolvation of droplets and volatilization and dissociation processes associated with residual solid particles in plasma. One of the methods for investigating droples size distribution is investigating the size distribution of desolvated particles3,4.


The aim of the research is to empirical evaluate the effect of organizational formal control and workgroup norms on the deviant workplace behavior of the university faculty members of Pakistan. It further investigates the moderating effect of self-regularity efficacy. The study is primary in nature and used survey method to collect the responses from the teaching faculty of Pakistan. A total of 168 suitable responses were analyzed by using SMART PLS version 3 (Licensed). A PLS-SEM was used for analysis of the collected data. The result showed that when employees find themselves in under the influence of reference others, self-regulatory efficacy help them to attain compliance with significant organizational norms and doing that keep them away from involving in deviant workplace behaviors. Additionally, the results suggest that self-regularity efficacy have a significant part in regulating behaviors and observance   to   right   self-sanctions   for flawed behavior.


Sharia Maqasid Performance is the result described from a conceptual framework based on sharia maqasid theory. A maqasid sharia performance should be an effort for Islamic financial institutions to establish a goal that not only profit-oriented but also falah. This study aims to identify factors affecting the sharia maqasid performance of Islamic banking in Indonesia. The dependent variable used in this study is sharia maqasid performance and the independent variables in this study areboard of commissioners performance,� Sharia Supervisory Board Performance, and� board of directors performance. The study population is sharia� banking registered in Bank Indonesia. Using purposive sampling technique obtained 7 islamic banking which become object in this research.The data analysis using panel data regression by Eviews 9. The results indicates that the variables of board of commissioners performance, sharia board performance. and board of directors performance have no significant effect toward the Sharia Maqasid Performance.


As a voltage-controlled inverter, droop-controlled inverter will provide large inrush fault current when subjected to short-circuit faults, causing unplanned disconnection from the utility grid or even power devices damage. Therefore, to ensure the reliability of protection system, it is very important to figure out the fault current characteristics. This paper proposes an asymmetrical fault current iterative algorithm of droop-controlled inverter by using systems' symmetrical components. It is found that the fault current of each phase is composed of an attenuated periodic component and a dc component. The periodic component is mainly determined by the control parameters, grid equivalent voltage and equivalent line impedance. While the dc component is only related to grid parameters and fault moment. Comparisons between calculation results and simulation results or experimental results verified the correctness and feasibility of proposed method.


This research as a purpose  to determined the effects of working capital/current assets turnover on profitability. Turnovers of working capital/current assets include cash turnovers, inventory turnovers and accounts receivable turnovers. The financial statements of the food and beverages company used as secondary data in this study with the time period of 2008-2010. Multiple linear regression, T-test and F-test is used as method analysis. The conclusion of this study is the analysis of working capital/current assets turnover simultaneous effect on profitabilities, while partially affecting profitability and inventory turnovers only accounts receivable turnovers.


The boundary layer on a slender body of revolution differs considerably from that on a flat plate, but these two cases can be connected by the Mangler-Stepanov transformations. The presented analysis shows that turbulent frictional drag on a slender rotationally symmetric body is much smaller than the flat-plate concept gives and the flow can remain laminar at larger Reynolds numbers. Both facts are valid for an unseparated flow pattern and enable us to revise the turbulent drag estimation of a dolphin, presented by Gray 74 years ago, and to resolve his paradox, since experimental data testify that dolphins can achieve flow without separation. The small values of turbulent skin-friction drag on slender bodies of revolution have additional interest for further experimental investigations and for applications of shapes without boundary-layer separation to diminish the total drag and noise of air- and hydrodynamic hulls.