This single and critical case study evaluated a faith-based natural family planning program's salient features using a framework on implementation fidelity. Multiple focus group discussions were conducted, with three groups of stakeholders (n=100), to gather qualitative data on their knowledge and experience of the program. Overall, the findings showed that the program primarily adhered to the essential elements of implementation fidelity, such as content, frequency, duration, and coverage prescribed by its designers. Three lessons were drawn to address some issues that have influenced the degree of fidelity in which the program was implemented. The first is the need to secure adequate and sustained human and financial resources. The second is the need to strengthen its partnership with government and non-government organizations that have provided them with much-needed assistance. Finally, there is also the need to provide extensive training, materials, and support to its service providers to preserve their morale and interest. Other faith-based organizations may hold this case as an indicator of how and why an NFP program works and the extent to which the need for family planning can be met adapted to their local conditions and needs.
References
Arbuckle, Gerald A. Refounding the Church: Dissent for Leadership. Quezon City: Claretian Publications. 1993. Arevalo, Marcos. "Expanding the Availability and improving the delivery of natural family planning services and fertility awareness education: providers' perspectives. Adv Contracept. Jun-Sep 1997; 13(2-3):275-81.
Arévalo, Marcos, Victoria Jennings, and Irit Sinai. "Efficacy of a new method of family planning: the Standard Days Method." Contraception 65, no. 5 (2002): 333-338.Arévalo, Marcos, Irit Sinai, and Victoria Jennings. "A fixed formula to define the fertile window of the menstrual cycle as the basis of a simple method of natural family planning." Contraception 60, no. 6 (1999): 357-360.
Atun, Jenna (2013). Religiosity and Contraceptive Use among Filipino Youth. Philippine Center for Population and Development. (2013) Accessed April 15, 2019, from http://www.pcpd.ph/.../religiosity-and-contraceptive-use-
Authority, P. S. ICF Philippines national demographic and health survey 2017. Quezon City, Philippines, and Rockville, Maryland, USA: PSA and ICF, 2018.
Authority, Philippine Statistics. "Philippine statistics authority." Accessed from Philippine Statistics Authority Web site: https://psa. gov. ph/vegetable-root-crops-main/tomato (2018).
Authority, P. S. "Philippine statistics authority." Accessed July 20, 2019, from Philippine Statistics Authority Web site: https://psa. gov. ph/vegetable-root-crops-main/tomato.(2016)
Authority, P. S. "ICF Philippines national demographic and health survey." Quezon City, Philippines, and Rockville, Maryland, USA: PSA and ICF, 2017.
Bamber, John, Stella Owens, Heino Schonfeld, Deborah Ghate, and Deirdre Fullerton. "Effective Community Development Programmes: a review of the international evidence base." (2010).
Barden-O'Fallon, Janine. "Availability of family planning services and quality of counseling by faith-based organizations: a three-country comparative analysis." Reproductive health, 14, no. 1 (2017): 57.
Baskarada, Sasa. "Qualitative case study guidelines." The Qualitative Report 19, no. 40 (2014): 1-25. Accessed July 25, 2019, from http://www.nova.edu/ssss/QR/QR19/baskarada24.pdf
Beaubien, Louis, and Daphne Rixon. "Key performance indicators in co-operatives: directions and principles." Journal of Co-operative Studies 45, no. 2 (2012): 5-15.
Booker, Victoria K., June Grube Robinson, Bonnie J. Kay, Lourdes Gutierrez Najera, and Genevieve Stewart. "Changes in empowerment: Effects of participation in a lay health promotion program." Health Education & Behavior 24, no. 4 (1997): 452-464.
Breitenstein, Susan M., Deborah Gross, Christine A. Garvey, Carri Hill, Louis Fogg, and Barbara Resnick. "Implementation fidelity in community‐based interventions." Research in nursing & health 33, no. 2 (2010): 164-173.
Carroll, Christopher, Malcolm Patterson, Stephen Wood, Andrew Booth, Jo Rick, and Shashi Balain. "A conceptual framework for implementation fidelity." Implementation Science 2, no. 1 (2007): 40.
Casterline, J.B., A.E. Perez & A.E. Biddlecom. "Factors Affecting Unmet Need for FP in the Philippines," "Studies in Family Planning, (1997). (3):173-191. Accessed November 02, 2019, from http://www.jstor.org/stable/2137886.
Catholic Bishops' Conference of the Philippines. (2011). Guiding Principles of Population Control. Accessed September 27, 2019, from www.cbcponline.net/
Catholic Church. Bishops' Conference of the Philippines. (1992). Acts and Decrees of the Second Plenary Council of the Philippines. Catholic Bishops' Conference of the Philippines.
Catholic Bishops' Conference of the Philippines. (1990). A Pastoral Letter on the Population Control Activities of the Philippine Government and Planned Parenthood Association. Accessed November 24, 2019, from cbcponline.net/v2/?p=324.
Cleland, John, and Kazuyo Machiyama. "Unmet need for family planning: past achievements and remaining challenges." In Seminars in reproductive medicine, vol. 33, no. 01, pp. 011-016. Thieme Medical Publishers, 2015.
Costello, Marilou P., and John B. Casterline. "Fertility decline in the Philippines: current status, prospects." asdf (2009): 479.
Creel, Liz C., Justine V. Sass, and Nancy V. Yinger. "Overview of quality of care in reproductive health: definitions and measurements of quality." New Perspectives on Quality of Care 1 (2002): 1-8.
Cronin Jr, J. Joseph, Michael K. Brady, and G. Tomas M. Hult. "Assessing the effects of quality, value, and customer satisfaction on consumer behavioral intentions in service environments." Journal of retailing 76, no. 2 (2000): 193-218.
Crous, M. "Quality service delivery through customer satisfaction." (2006).
D'Arcy, Catherine, Ann Taket, and Lisa Hanna. "Implementing empowerment-based Lay Health Worker programs: a preliminary study." Health promotion international 34, no. 4 (2019): 726-734.
Dane, Andrew V., and Barry H. Schneider. "Program integrity in primary and early secondary prevention: are implementation effects out of control?" Clinical psychology review 18, no. 1 (1998): 23-45.
David, Clarissa C., and Jenna Mae L. Atun. "Factors affecting fertility desires in the Philippines." Social Science Diliman 10, no. 2 (2014).Accessed August 12, 2019, from jounals.upd.edu.ph/index.php/socialsciencediliman/article/viewFile/4407/3999.
Ewerling, F., Victora, C. G., Raj, A., Coll, C. V., Hellwig, F., & Barros, A. J. (2018). Demand for family planning satisfied with modern methods among sexually active women in low-and middle-income countries: who is lagging? Reproductive health, 15(1). (2018): 42.
Francisco, J.M. "Letting the Texts of RH Speak for themselves: (Dis) continuity andCounterpoint in CBCP Statements." Philippine Studies: Historical and Ethnographic Viewpoints, 223. (2015). Accessed October 17, 2019, from www.philippinestudies.net.
Franta, Benjamin, Hilly Ann Roa-Quiaoit, Dexter Lo, and Gemma Narisma. "Climate Disasters in the Philippines." (2016).
Fehring, Richard Jerome, Mary Schneider, and Kathleen Raviele. "Pilot evaluation of an Internet‐based natural family planning education and service program." Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing 40, no. 3 (2011): 281-291.
Glickman, Norman J., and Lisa J. Servon. "More than bricks and sticks: Five components of community development corporation capacity." Housing Policy Debate 9, no. 3 (1998): 497-539.
Gomez, Fausto, B., OP. "The Role of Priests in Natural Family Planning." Boletin Ecclesiastico de Filipinas, LXXII, (1996): 163.
Gribble, James N. "The standard days' method of family planning: a response to Cairo." International family planning perspectives 29, no. 4 (2003): 188-191.
Guida, Maurizio, Giovanni A. Tommaselli, Massimiliano Pellicano, Stefano Palomba, and Carmine Nappi. "An overview on the effectiveness of natural family planning." Gynecological Endocrinology 11, no. 3 (1997): 203-219.Hasson, Henna. "Systematic evaluation of implementation fidelity of complex interventions in health and social care." Implementation Science 5, no. 1 (2010): 67.
Infantado, R. B. "Main-streaming NFP into the Philippines' Department of Health: opportunities and challenges." Advances in Contraception 13, no. 2-3 (1997): 249-254.
Institute for Reproductive Health. Faith-based organizations as partners in family planning: Working together to improve family well-being. Washington, DC: Georgetown University. (2011). Accessed February 11, 2019, from http://www.ccih.org/FBOs_as_Partners_in_FP_Report.pdf.
Ledesma, Antonio. J. "All-NFP: A Way Forward." Philippine Daily Inquirer (2012). Accessed August 04, 2019, from https://opinion.inquirer.net/35848/all-nfp-a-way-forward#ixzz5zAroo0oo
Ledesma, Antonio. J. "Al-Natural Family Planning: Going beyond the RH Bill." Accessed April 15, 2019, from https://archcdo.wordpress.com/
Lundgren, Rebecka, Jeannette Cachan, and Victoria Jennings. "Engaging men in family planning services delivery: experiences introducing the Standard Days Method® in four countries." World health & population 14, no. 1 (2012): 44.
Lundgren, Rebecka I., Mihira V. Karra, and Eileen A. Yam. "The role of the Standard Days Method in modern family planning services in developing countries." The European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care 17, no. 4 (2012): 254-259.Mikolajczyk, Rafael T., Joseph B. Stanford, and Martina Rauchfuss. "Factors influencing the choice to use modern natural family planning." Contraception 67, no. 4 (2003): 253-258.
Orbeta, Aniceto., Jr. "Poverty, Fertility Preferences, and Family Planning Practice in the Philippines." Philippine Journal of Development, 129. (2006). Accessed October 25, 2019, from https://ideas.repec.org/p/phd/dpaper/dp_2005-22.html.July
Orbeta, Anic


This research aims to interpret Husserl's phenomenology in relation to the problems of theological and liturgical studies. What to stress in this connection is the very different level of the two disciplines: whereas the first is understood in a transcendental form and from a methodological perspective, the second (theology/liturgy) has practical aims and it is not adequately described by transcendental methodology. It is necessary, therefore, to distinguish between the 'religious experience' as the ultimate form of religious consciousness and the hermeneuticall contextual experience in which we live our Christian faith. This faith has the possibility of being reinforced and enlivened by the fundamental dimensions of the ultimate experience by remaking and profoundly re-constituting the self as Heidegger, Casel and others proposed and did, but it nevertheless appears to be impossible to be able to speak of a Christian phenomenology'.


White Deer Plain was the important harvest about realism particularly since the 1990s. With the integration of the Chinese folk culture and Chinese Confucian telepathy,Chen Zhongshi accepted the Latin magical realism creatively,and created the Secret History for as the core of fate of the characters.It had enriched and deepened literary realism.


Superheating of Bi(0001) by about 90 K above the bulk melting temperature is observed using time-resolved reflection high-energy electron diffraction with ∼200-ps time resolution. Larger temperature excursions above the bulk melting temperature result in melting accompanied by irreversible laser damage to the surface. The rhombohedral structure of Bi leads to very different behavior of material parameters upon melting as compared with fcc metals. Therefore, our observation of the superheating of Bi(0001), together with the previously observed superheating of Pb(111), suggests the generality of the superheating phenomenon


In the process of education in university level in Indonesia, students have obligations covering face to face activities in the classroom, practicum, experiment administration and academic assignment. In addition to compulsory activities, students also have other activities outside the lecture activities of organizations, work and other activities. In practice, however, students often have difficulty managing their activities so that they are late or do not even attend lectures. This will be very fatal to the future of the country given the importance of the role of students as intellectuals in this country. From the problems that researchers took the initiative to design an android based applications that can manage time and get information on the activities of college in a timely manner. Students can also see information on their upcoming activities. The programming language used in making this app is Java and uses the Android Studio development software.


Unprecedented coupling reactions on (η5-chlorocyclohexadienyl)tricarbonyl manganese complexes with arenes create a new carbon−carbon bond on the conjugated system, keeping intact the η5-chlorocyclohexadienyl moiety; thus, the removal of the exo hydrogen bond of the sp3 CH2 group yields efficiently new cationic (η6-arene) manganese complexes which cannot be prepared directly from the free arene.


This paper theorizes the views on how to learn English words from 6 perspectives:guessing the meaning from the context,looking up the word in the dictionary,frequent exposures to the word,oral input,designing different text-based tasks,promoting vocabulary acquisition by text modification and combination of indirect and direct approach.It concludes that it is absolutely necessary to adopt a mixed approach in English vocabulary learning.


The reaction nu + p at 200 deg C an K/sup +/ plus or minus LAMBDA /sup 0/ observed by detecting the K meson and measuring its laboratory angle and momentum. Since the reaction is 2-bodied, these measurements, together with the conservation laws, are sufficient to determine the energy of the incident photon. Preliminary results are given. (W.D.M.)


Multiple myeloma is a clonal disorder of plasma cells which is considered incurable with currently available therapies. Substantial advances have been achieved in the past decade with the identification of cellular mechanisms that confer drug resistance. This has resulted in newer agents such as arsenic trioxide (Trisenox™), lenalidomide (Revlimid™) and bortezomib (Velcade™) with promising activity in this disease. In this review article we will outline the history, mechanisms of action, pharmacology, and clinical trials of arsenic trioxide in multiple myeloma.


This article briefly describes how Global Positioning System (GPS) technology is becoming more available in facilitating emergency telecommunications to motorists. With more satellites being launched and the cost of the GPS car-based units coming down, it is hoped that this technology will become more widespread in its use.


Electronic surface states (ESS) enhance the potential drop across the Helmholtz layer relative to the potential drop across the semiconductor's space charge region (SCR). The presence of ESS is felt only over a narrow range of potentials beyond which the linearity of the C/sup -2/ vs E (Mott-Schottky) plots may be realized. Using the condition of electroneutrality, the relation between the change of charge in the SCR and the potential change, and the potential distribution is shown in an equation.


Failure analysis of microelectronics components often involves analytical electron microscopy as it combines high-resolution imaging of device structures with the ability to perform chemical analysis on almost the same length scale. Analysis strategies include energy-filtered imaging, EELS or x-ray point acquisition, or mapping of the same signals in a STEM. Point analyses tend to be subjective as one only collects spectra from features visible in the various imaging modes and then typically only from those features that are obviously out of place. Mapping, whether with energy-filtered imaging, STEM/EELS, or STEM/EDS, often relies upon choosing the elements before hand and can be fraught with artifacts. As an alternative to the above strategies, spectral imaging, where a series of complete x-ray spectra are collected from a 2D area, holds great promise for comprehensive microanalysis. The challenge of comprehensively analyzing such large data sets via multivariate statistical analysis techniques has largely been overcome [1]. In this paper we will discuss the application of our automated spectral image analysis software to x-ray spectral images acquired in the STEM in the context of a microelectronics failure analysis problem.


The brownfields/derelict lands problem started to arouse the world attention in the 1970's decade, and, since then, in the main in the Central States, the researches to identification, analysis and recovering of these areas were very much developed. However, in the Semiperipheric States, principally Brazil, Mexico, India and China, there are thousands of potentially contaminated areas, which not even were identified,
meaning risks for the public and environmental health. This research seek to evaluate if four deactivated industries and nowadays in reuse, located in Itamarati and Cascatinha, quarters of Petropolis town, would be
suspected of contamination and, in positive case, if they could offer risks to the population and to the environment. The methodology was developed in order to give answer to the proposed questions, and, for this, it was applied the Contaminated Lands File Cards of Sao Paulo
State Environmental Sanitation Technology Company (CETESB), to do the technical analysis of the studies areas and classify them as suspected of contamination areas or not. For the perception analysis there were applied questionnaires to the near residents for this sites and to some real state brokers, for analyse the perception that they have about these sites and also investigate if the real state brokers have knowledge about the risks that these deactivated industries can offer After CETESB questionnaires application, it was verified that the four sites are suspected of contamination, offering risks to human and environmental health, because these areas, nowadays, are in reuse to several activities. The questions done to the residents demonstrate that they do not have knowledge that deactivated industries offer risks to the health and to the environment. Some real estate brokers deal these sites without any notion of the risks offered by them. At last, the appendage contains the
questionnaires from CETESB; for residents and for real state brokers; beyond various pictures from the four industrial sites and their neighbourhoods.


This article explores the ways in which Muslim Australians are attributed with 'otherness', and how such constructions are articulated in social practices. More precisely, it sketches out how contemporary social constructions of Muslim Australians, and their social expressions, constitute a means of restoring existential control among non-Muslim Australians post-September 11. Generic misrepresentations of Muslims throughout the western world can be identified within the current Australian milieu, where many Muslim Australians are treated as pariahs. In this social context, orientalist tropes are selectively played out in the representation of Muslims in media and public arenas, a process that has contributed significantly to 'Islamophobia'. However, the current Australian Islamophobic practices do not merely serve to perpetuate the constructions of Muslims as Other but are also prompted by the national concern for redressive action.


Health is a field in which rivalries between involved stakeholders are expanding: a decline in the level of health would have serious political consequences. Political leaders have reacted to this threat by establishing a new management system refocused on the decisions of the State, but by regionalizing. However, the link between space and Health is to densify: we can see a growing of the social polarization of the housing, of care offer, while pathologies are growing in frequency. The major step of the HPST law may be to have opened the way for a real regionalization of the health system. It would involve a management wilfully differentiated from one region to another. But the culture of public health in the political class, often based on aged, ingenuous or even wrong representations, and too focused on the care offer, has to progress. A differentiated management of public health following the spatial differences would require the construction of a very strong social and democratic management. Determinants of health are no more widely-related to care offer, as shown by the example of the vaccinal coverage level, while the major health challenge that is coming requires us to reinvent Public Health: the baby boomers reach now the age of chronic diseases.


Background: Due to complex causal framework of neonatal mortality, improvement of this health indicator is quite gradual and it's decreasing trend is not as great as other health indicators such as infant and under 5 mortality rates.This study was conducted to evaluate neonatal mortality risk factors based on nested case-control design. Methods:  The study population was 6900 neonates who were born in rural areas of Kohgiluyeh and Boyerahmad province (South of Iran). They were under follow up till the end of neonatal period and the outcome of interest was neonatal death. By using risk set sampling method, 97 cases and 97 controls were selected in study cohort. Results: Prematurity (OR= 5.57), LBW (OR= 7.68), C-section (OR= 7.27), birth rank more than 3 (OR=6.95) and birth spacing less than 24 months (OR= 4.65) showed significant statistical association ( P < 0.05) with neonatal mortality. The Population Attributable Fraction (PAF) was 0.45 for LBW, 0.40 for prematurity, 0.28 for C-section, 0.30 for birth rank more than 3, and 0.16 for birth spacing less than 24 months. Conclusion: Prematurity, low birth weight, C-section, birth spacing less than 24 months and birth rank more than 3 are important risk factors for neonatal mortality.


The barks of deciduous trees spread over a wide area of Northern Europe, were sequentially extracted using solvents of increasing polarity. The highest yields of hydrophilic extractives were found for ash tree and goat willow (23.6% and 23.8%, respectively). The highest total contents of polyphenols were found for black alder and goat willow bark (0.18 GAE·g-1 and 0.12 GAE·g-1, respectively). Hydrophilic extract from the both grey and black alder barks contained high amount (up to 7% on bark dry mass) of condensed tannins (CT) or oligomeric proanthocyanidins (OPC). In tests with free radicals (ABTS•+, DPPH•), the high radical scavenging capacities of the hydrophilic extracts enriched with OPC were demonstrated. The antioxidant efficiency of the hydrophilic extracts and purified OPC from alder barks was tested by their influence on thermo-oxidative destruction of model polyurethane (PU) films. The hydrophilic extracts enriched with tannins have good potential as a technical antioxidant for polyurethanes, with the most prominent activity for the hydrophilic extract from black alder and goat willow bark.


This paper is an elementary introduction to mathematical models of particles distributed in space. It covers the laws of probability, the definitions of a Poisson process, and the relationship between Markov fields and Gibbsian ensembles. RANDOM PARTICLES; POISSON PROCESS; MARKOV FIELD; GIBBS ENSEMBLE; LATTICE STATISTICS


WOMEN entered New Zealand medicine with little fuss and few impediments. Eliza Frikart's registration in 1893 went unnoticed and has since been all but forgotten. Frikart's brief New Zealand career as an advertising doctor peddling abortefacients did little to hinder the path of the better known figures of Margaret Cruikshank and Emily Siedeberg who followed her later in the decade. Yet, having penetrated the profession and soon comprising around 10% of new registrations, women remained at this level until well after the introduction of social security, their numbers rising only temporarily as a result of the Great War. By 1941 women made up 8.6% of all those doctors registered since 1867 but despite their late start were still only 10.3% of that year's registrations.' Women were also far less successful in achieving the high incomes medicine offered their male colleagues. With a few exceptions, the comparatively large number of women in the Health Department remained at its lower levels. In a profession where full-time private practice with an honorary hospital appointment was the confirmation of professional accomplishment, women were more likely to be salaried and part-time. While a few gained positions as visiting consultants these were usually in less fashionable specialities. Surgery, which offered the highest incomes, remained a gentlemen's club. Still, in medicine, compared with other high status, high income professions, women were well represented. In 1936 there were 83 women doctors, two women school inspectors, fourteen dentists, four architects and no university professors.


Year 4 Honours students and MSc students in highe r education in British institutions typically complete a moderate piece of work as part of their graduation requirements. In the field of Computer Science, this involves selecting a topic around which students build their dissertation. The field is fast evolving and student interests in the various topics change. This paper presents the results of an investigation that estab lishes how up-todate topics of student dissertations were in the acdemic years 2010 through to 2013. First, dissertations were ind exed to establish the topic of the dissertation. Then the t opics were mapped on Gartner's Technology Hype Cycle. This pape r presents summary statistics for the four year perio d and it reports on findings of an MSc student dissertation.


E-commerce is perceived a powerful engine for sustainable economic development in the post COVID-19 pandemic. For the agricultural food industry, e-commerce platforms have become a new sales channel for agricultural products. Yet little is known about the rice supply chain on e-commerce platforms. Thus, this study: 1) Synthesizes the behaviors that rice supply chain stakeholders will take to maximize benefits. 2) Based on the impacts of cooperation cost, default risk, response speed and logistics services in the rice supply chain cooperation, an analysis framework is proposed to clarify how to make these decisions. 3) Offers specific examples to illustrate the decision-making process of using Shapley value distribution method to distribute the benefits of the rice supply chain fairly. The results show that: When the benefits of cooperation are greater cooperation will occur. Alliance. The improved distribution plan based on traditional Shapley value distribution will contributes to a stable and cooperative supply chain alliance.


According to the author's teaching practice,"Communication Principle" teaching is faced with several major questions currently.In this paper,a series of effective measures are presented,including training self-regulated learning ability of the students,making the best of campus' network resource,training innovation consciousness of the students.


The terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, presented liberal societies with grave practical challenges. Yet, they also exposed the single most profound theoretical challenge since liberalism's origins: the challenge of illiberal revealed theology. Today's challenge is, in fact, a variety of liberal theory's original antagonist. The radical renewal of this old challenge, in a form markedly different from that which the early liberal theorists faced, requires fresh consideration from liberal theorists today.J. Judd Owen is the author of Religion and the Demise of Liberal Rationalism and is working on a book entitled Religious Apathy and the Democratic Citizen. He thanks Peter Ahrensdorf, Robert Bartlett, Jennifer Hochschild, John Owen IV, Carrie Rosefsky Wickham, and the anonymous reviewers for their comments and criticisms.


Chinese economy maintained steady and rapid development in 2010,cocoon silk industry continued to show a rebound to the good economic situation.Through the national sericulture and silk industry,exports,silk prices,and the industry standard of the work of international,it can see that Chinese silk industry is facing a good domestic and international situation in 2011,however there are still many negative factors.Therefore,Chinese silk industry should adopt a new market-driven and flexible strategic to enhance,independent innovation ability,improve the industry and accelerate industrial restructuring and upgrading,to promote healthy and stable development of the industry.


The classical adiabatic calculation of the rate of dissociation of diatomic molecules is extended to Morse potential oscillators in one‐dimensional colinear collisions. The limits of error of the method are formulated and numerical calculations of the rates of dissociation of H2 in Xe and I2 in Ar are made assuming both the Morse and harmonic potentials. The harmonic results are in good agreement with experiment. Estimates of the errors involved show that the anharmonic results are not as reliable as the harmonic results. The distribution functions for a strongly interacting harmonic oscillator are also calculated.


Many collaboration features in software development tools draw on lightweight technologies such as tagging and wikis. We propose to study the role of emergent knowledge structures created through these features. Using a mixed-methods approach, we investigate which processes emergent knowledge structures support and how tool support can leverage them.


Abstract : The report describes attempts to prepare iodine-fluorine interhalogen salts wherein both ions contain iodine and fluorine, or iodine, fluorine, and/or oxygen. Three starting materials were successfully prepared, CsIF6, IF4SbF6, and IF6SbF6, whose metathetical interactions would have given desired interhalogen salts. Failure to find suitable solvents for the intended reactions was primarily responsible for a lack of success in this area. In the course of preparing CsIF6 a previously unreported adduct was isolated, CsIF6.2IF5, and infrared and X-ray characteristics are given. One other positive aspect of the investigations is the partial clarification of the reactions of I2O5 with IF5 and IF7 as regards the synthesis of IO2F and 'IOF3'. (Author)


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the connections between state education finance distribution models and student achievement. To date, lawsuits challenging the constitutionality of state finance systems have been heard in 45 states; the judicial interpretation of the requirement to provide equality of educational opportunity has led to changes in finance distribution models as well as the implementation of accountability policy. Design/methodology/approach – The study included district level finance and achievement data from five states. Researchers reviewed the relevant judicial interpretation of the finance system, the accountability policy, and the finance distribution system. Next, researchers calculated the equity of both the finance distribution model and measures of student achievement. Finally, an equity ratio was developed and calculated to discern the degree to which state distribution models resulted in equitable measures of student achievement. Findings – Findings reveal that ...


The article discusses the specifics of the historical development in the system of protection of material cultural values in the context of the transition from national to global dimension, especially the integration of Russia into the international law-space; it discusses the actual threats and the requirement to modernize the existing regulatory and institutional framework.


The role of the basal forebrain cholinergic system in learning and memory processes has attracted considerable attention during recent years. Pharmacological manipulation of central cholinergic transmission has been shown to have profound effects on learning and memory, both in human subjects and in experimental animals.'-' Moreover, neuropathological and neurochemical studies on autopsy material from patients with Alzheimer's disease have demonstrated a substantial degeneration or atrophy of the cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain, including the nucleus basalis, substantia innominata, and septal-diagonal band area.+' This is associated with a loss of the acetylcholine synthetic enzyme choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) in wide areas of the neoand allocortex,&Io and the magnitude of the cortical ChAT reduction post mortem has been reported to correlate with the severity of the dementia in patients with Alzheimer's disease? In aged rodents, as well, impairments in learning and memory have been associated with an age-dependent decline in the parameters of forebrain cholinergic transmission. 3. I 1-1 5 Thus, although there are no data so far to implicate an actual loss of cholinergic forebrain neurons with age in rodents, that is, one that would be similar


In this paper, 6063 aluminum alloy for common building profiles is used as the research object. The effect of 6063 aluminum alloy on the microstructure and properties of 6063 aluminum alloy is studied by adding a new type of Al-Ti-C-La master alloy. The results show that Al-Ti-C-La master alloy has an obvious influence on grain refinement of 6063 aluminum alloy. With the addition of Al-Ti-C-La master alloy, the grain size decreased significantly. When the additional amount of Al-Ti-C-La master alloy is 1%, the grain size is reduced from 482 μm to 121 μm. Rare earth La is mainly distributed near the Mg2Si phase and β-AlFeSi, and complex compounds such as AlFeSiMgLa are formed. After aging for 270 days based on T6 heat treatment, the tensile strength, and elongation of 6063 aluminum alloy increase with the addition of Al-Ti-C-La master alloy, while Vickers hardness decreases gradually. When the content of Al-Ti-C-La master alloy is 1%, the tensile strength, elongation, and Vickers hardness of 6063 aluminum alloy reach 177.2 MPa, 17.8% and 60.9 HV respectively, and the tensile strength is increases by 16.3%. The elongation rate increased by 50.8%, the Vickers hardness decreased by 15.4%, and the ductile fracture was the main fracture of the alloy.


The simplest version of the double-layer polarization theory for the flexible polyelectrolyte solution is formulated where the thin-double-layer limit is taken. The double-layer region of the polyelectrolyte contains the excess fluxes of charge and salt where the off-diagonal Onsager coefficient couples the charge- and the neutral-salt dynamics. The dynamic charge and the salt distributions are solved for the weakly charged polyelectrolyte. We calculate the free-energy storage and loss under the applied AC electric field to obtain the dielectric function, which depends on the chain configuration through the chain structure factor. A simple mean-field structure factor for the flexible chains is used to calculate the dielectric spectrum for the full range of the polyelectrolyte concentration.


The objective of this research is to develop unified control charts that can be used to monitor and detect patterns in univariate and multivariate processes. These charts must becapable of locating shifts in, both process location and process variation, in a single chart. Currently, for the univariate case, the monitoring is done using two different charts, one for process mean and one for process variation. These charts are often cumbersome to construct and not easily interpreted by the quality control personnel. Individual quality characteristics are often measured in different scales of measures and thus having a standard chart is not possible.


their respective poems. These valuable changes improve the overall sense of their poems. As is to be expected, there are instances where even close attention to the poems does not resolve which variant is preferable. "Mould" for "would" in "Meditation 2.17," "Hit" for "Hint" in "Meditation 1.38," "brings" for "kings" in "Meditation 2.72," "plight" for "night" in "Meditation 2.77," and "tenses" for "senses" in "Meditation 2.118" are typical of this class of unassessable changes. In this group both variants are supported by the internal evidence, and so the verdict concerning them remains open. It is good to be able to report that only two unemended singleword variants strike me as mistaken. The word "mandle" in "Meditation 2.101" is possibly an archaic form, but if so it would then be an anomaly in Taylor's verse, in which the preferred word "mantle" occurs on thirteen other occasions. It is more likely than not that the word is "mantle" in "Meditation 2.101." More problematic is Patterson's reading of "flip" for Stanford's "slip" in "Meditation 2.109." The sense of the pertinent lines is clear: " Thy hand Let take my heart its Captive prey / In Chains of Grace that it ne're slip from thee." "Slip," not "flip," is the more obvious choice in light of the references in the lines to hand and chain. The handwritten long "s" apparently snagged the editor. A project like this one is a very difficult, painstaking undertaking. It is doubtful that any such venture can be snag-free. Although the flaws in the emendation and variant lists impede scholarly facilitation, they amount to an inconvenience. This new, handsome edition of Taylor's poems is effectively a gift, especially since it highlights a number of whole-word variants that ideally enables us to better appreciate Taylor's poetic achievement.


Chinese earthware and Chinese calligraphy,as two Chinese traditional treasures,if combined,will certainly see a tremendous economic and artistic potentiality.The Nixing earthware produced in Qin zhou,Guangxi,being one of the four most well-known kinds of Chinese earthware for its unique artistic value as well as its considerable marketa bility,lends itself admirably to Chinese engraving.That accounts for the successfulness of LI Ren_ping,a Chinese master in arts and crafts,ShuaiLi_zhi and Liu Ming_zhou,two distinguished calligrapher and seal-cutters,in their efforts to inscribe Chinese in the Nixing earth ware.Undoutedly,those artists' work will contribute to the development of Guangxi ethnical culture through a combination of earthware production and Chinese calligraphy.


Abstract : ErbB4 is a member of the ErbB family of receptor tyronsine kinases, a family that also includes the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR.ErbBl), ErbB2/HER2/Neu, and ErbB3/HER3. In small pilot studies, ErbB4 expression was detected in normal prostate epithelium but was absent in prostate tumor samples. Thus, we have hypothesized that ErbB4 is a potential prostate tumor suppressor. We have tested this hypothesis using constitutively-active ErbB4 mutants. The constitutively-active Q646C ErbB4 mutant inhibits drug-resistant colony formation by human PC-3 and DU-l45 prostate tumor cell lines. Analyses of additional ErbB4 mutants indicate that growth inhibition by the Q646C ErbB4 mutant appears to require phosphorylation of ErbB4 Tyr984 and Tyr1O56 as well as ErbB4 tyronsine kinase activity.


Purpose: Most of Monte Carlo based methods estimating radiationdose in computed tomography(CT) were performed using MCNP or EGS codes. The BEAMnrc code, one of Monte Carlo codes, was usually used to simulate radiation therapy accelerators, and has fine graphic interfaces and various component modules. The purpose of this work was to verify the feasibility of using BEAMnrc code to estimate radiationdose in a multidetector CT (MDCT) scanner. Method and Materials: A Siemens Somatom Sensation 64 MDCT scanner system was used in our simulations to achieve the study objective. Detailed MDCT inner structures were constructed by component modules in the BEAMnrc code to describe the x‐ray tube, filtrations, bowtie filter, collimators and geometry factors. Further more, a pencil‐type ionization chamber and a batch of TLDs were used to measure the lateral dose distribution. The beam quality, referred to half value layer (HVL), was measured with the chamber and high‐purity aluminum sheets. Results: The simulated x‐ray spectra has been compared with those in Xcom5 calculations and they agree with each other. Comparisons between experimental measurements for the lateral in‐air dose profile and half value layer measures, and the absolute dose values derived from the Monte Carlo simulations for the body filter demonstrate agreements with 0.6%. Conclusion: This work illustrates the feasibility to extend the BEAMnrc code for modeling from radiotherapy sources to CTsources. Future work will be extended to estimate doses within voxelized patient models using DOSXYZnrc.


ABSTRACT A highly efficient and durable phosphorous–nitrogen (P-N) synergistic flame retardant containing ammonium phosphate active groups (AATMPEG) was synthesized and grafted onto cotton fabrics by P-O-C covalent bonding. In the synthesis process, the -P=O(OH)2 group on the flame retardant is esterified with ethylene glycol to reduce the influence of metal ions on the flame retardant of cotton fabric during washing. The limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of 25 wt% AATMPEG-treated cotton fabric reached 45.0% and remained at 33.0% after 50 laundering cycles (LCs). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) results showed that the flame retardant successfully penetrated the fabric without affecting its surface morphology and crystal structure. Thermogravimetry (TG), cone calorimetry, and vertical flammability test results show that AATMPEG generates phosphoric acid or polyphosphoric acid during combustion, promoting the thermal degradation and dehydration of the cotton fabric. The AATMPEG does not use formaldehyde in the synthesis process, meeting environmental requirements.


Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine pharmacotherapeutic efficacy of complex urological herbal medicine on the course of experimental urolithiasis in laboratory animals. Methods: Experiments were carried out on white Wistar rats. Urolithiasis was reproduced by Higgens method by intragastric administration of Vitamin D2. Pharmacotherapeutic efficiency of aqueous extract of complex urological herbal remedy was determined using well-known methods of analysis. Results: Course administration of complex urological herbal remedy in experimental therapeutic dose of 10 mL/kg against the background of experimental urolithiasis has pronounced pharmacotherapeutic effect. It helps to normalize the morphofunctional state of the laboratory animals' kidneys at the stages of pathological process in comparison with the data in the control group of animals. Conclusion: New complex urological herbal remedy has a wide spectrum of pharmacological activity, which provides its pronounced pharmacotherapeutic efficacy in experimental urolithiasis. It is promising to develop methodological recommendations on the use of the developed herbal medicine in clinical practice for the treatment and prevention of urolithiasis.


Abstract The eddy correlation technique is rapidly becoming an established method for resolving dissolved oxygen fluxes in natural aquatic systems. This direct and noninvasive determination of oxygen fluxes close to the sediment by simultaneously measuring the velocity and the dissolved oxygen fluctuations has considerable advantages compared to traditional methods. This paper describes the measurement principle and analyzes the spatial and temporal scales of those fluctuations as a function of turbulence levels. The magnitudes and spectral structure of the expected fluctuations provide the required sensor specifications and define practical boundary conditions for the eddy correlation instrumentation and its deployment. In addition, data analysis and spectral corrections are proposed for the usual nonideal conditions, such as the time shift between the sensor pair and the limited frequency response of the oxygen sensor. The consistency of the eddy correlation measurements in a riverine reservoir has been...


The role of azimuthal electric fields in toroidal transport is studied. A consistent kinetic theory for the collision-dominated regime is given and compared with a fluid calculation. The weakly collisional and intermediate regimes are also discussed.


During the winter of 1982 field control trials were carried out against head rot of globe artichoke
( Cynara scolymus L.) induced by Botrytis cinerea Pers. Treatments bega n when first symptoms
appeared and were repeated every 10 days. for 4 times in alI.
Among tested compounds the best results were given by dicarboximide derivatives (vinchlozolin,
procymidox, iprodione, dichlozolinate) and by prochloraz while less satisfactory appeared dichlofluanid
and a mixture of captafol + folpet. No adverse side effect on treated plants was observed
with any fungicide.


In order to build a Marxist political party committed to learning,we must seriously study Marxism classics.We must really learn,understand,believe and practice the basic theories of Marxism.Stressing the importance of conscientiously studying classics is at present of strong points.We should be alert of the tendency to contrast the system of theories of socialism with Chinese characteristics with the basic theories of Marxism,and the tendency to deny the latter with the former.


The article contains the conceptual vision of socialist realism as one of the key characteristics of art, transformed in the postmodern cultural era. Social realism is a cultural manifestation of the historical development of Soviet republics, including the Ukrainian SSR. The essence of socialist realism is seen as a manifestation of ideology in the Soviet conditions. Besides, the article considers the phenomenon in the context of postmodernism, relying on the findings of various scholars, and describes the interaction between postmodernism and socialist realism. Despite the general view that postmodernism (literally "coming after modernism") emerged in the United States and Western Europe in the 1960s-1970s, there could be another way this movement evolved in fine art and architecture. The fact that the artists from the post-Soviet space managed to adapt to the global cultural field of postmodernism so swiftly proves that the totalitarian system failed to eliminate the plurality of opinions. A post-Soviet variant of postmodernism was largely defined by the influence of socialist realism. The recently proclaimed era of post-truth that allegedly started after the new millennium produced fascinating political and artistic experiments in the post-Soviet space. Hence, it would be logical to assume that some previously developed mechanisms were activated there. Post-truth as an instrument of politics in that sense resonates with the socialist realism used as an instrument of class struggle. Research methods include description, synthesis and analysis.


Daily measurement of fallout air activity and deposited activity at Taipei, Taiwan from 1 Jan, 1959 to 31 Dec, 1962, are given as monthly means for days with and without obvious rain water.It seems that the velocity of deposition may be influenced by inversion of temperature, and that the deposited materials become small with time.On the other hand, the amount of fallout are likely to be very much influenced by air mass which comes from the mainland and to be frequently greater behind a cold front.


ABSTRACT Using Caribbean Basin experience, this article focuses on the effect of cruise ships on small island nations with an eye to generating an understanding concerning their potential for stimulating economic development. In the course of the discussion various factors are considered, including the industry's potential for creating employment, and its ability to generate profit opportunities within host nations. The policy implications from the discussion suggest that the economic impacts of cruise ships are destination-specific, and that smaller host territories may be better served by concentrating upon the upper end of the cruising market, that is to say smaller, more luxurious vessels, catering to vacationers who are more likely to be resistant to seasonal considerations and swings in economic circumstances exterior to the Caribbean region. Such a policy may serve as a stimulus for a well considered land-based tourist industry.


Summary and Conclusion (1) Sulfanilamide treatment initiated on the day of infection and maintained throughout the experiment failed to affect the course of experimental tuberculosis in the guinea pig. (2) Guinea pigs treated with sulfanilamide before the infection and treated daily thereafter showed no evidence of being benefited by the drug. (3) It is therefore concluded that, under the conditions of our experiments, sulfanilamide is ineffective as a means of protection against infection with the bovine tubercle bacillus in guinea pigs.


The cosmological 7Li problem arises from the significant discrepancy of about a factor 3 between the predicted primordial 7Li abundance and the observed one. The main process for the production of 7Li during Big-Bang nucleosynthesis is the decay of 7Be. Many key nuclear reactions involved in the production and destruction of 7Be were investigated in attempt to explain the 7Li deficit but none of them led to successful conclusions. However, some authors suggested recently the possibility that the destruction of 7Be by 3He and 4He may reconcile the predictions and observations if missing resonant states in the compound nuclei 10C and 11C exist. Hence, a search of these missing resonant states in 10C and 11C was investigated at the Orsay Tandem-Alto facility through 10B(3He,t)10C and 11B(3He,t)11C charge-exchange reactions respectively. After a short overview of the cosmological 7Li problem from a nuclear physics point of view, a description of the Orsay experiment will be given as well as the obtained results and their impact on the 7Li problem.


The sublimed ionic phase of Pcl5 was studied using 31P NMR spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and x‐ray powder diffraction techniques. (AIP)


This article reviews initial findings from an Australian Housing and Urban Research Institute [AHURI]-funded research project examining housing outcomes among Australian young people who have been in state out-of-home care. Our findings suggest a linkage between incidents of in-care abuse and poor postcare housing outcomes among our research participants, including primary homelessness. Not attending school when leaving care was also highly associated with having experienced in-care abuse. The authors postulate that adverse in-care experiences may have contributed to poor postcare housing outcomes among the research participants; and this article raises a number of specific concerns related to neglect, abuse and assault while in care. It is also argued that support in the transition from care needs to be strengthened to mitigate poor post-care outcomes, as does accountability for in-care adversities.


It is well known that in subfractional compound of blood serum (or plasma) numerous shifts with correlated character specific for a particular nature of the disease may arise during diseases varying by etiopathogenesis. A large arsenal of electrophoresis, chromatography and sedimentary methods is used in clinics-laboratory practice for diagnostics of the character of subfractional shifts. Without discussing diagnostic informational capacity of each method in use we could observe just a few principal difficulties: 1. Each method identifies a nature of ingredients of blood plasma/serum in a quite narrow interval of their molecular sizes. 2. A large amount of blood is necessary for making most part of investigations. 3. Hard and long preparation procedures are being used for making investigations. 4. Full information on subfractional compound of biological fluid may be got only with combined use of the methods mentioned above.


Twenty‐two patients with primary ileocecal non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma were reviewed. Abdominal pain (67%), altered bowel habits (50%), and weight loss (50%) were the most common presenting symptoms and an abdominal mass was palpable in 50%. Sixteen (73%) had histologic evidence of local lymph node involvement at diagnosis and another two (9%) had nonhistologic evidence of nodal involvement. An abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan was the most helpful staging investigation. Twenty‐one (95.5%) patients underwent surgical resection of their disease. Subsequent chemotherapy, with or without radiotherapy, appeared to prolong survival (median, 34 months versus 14 months). There were three treatment‐related deaths. Neither the age of the patient nor the stage of disease at presentation (Ann Arbor) appeared to influence survival. Adequate initial surgery combined with chemotherapy may provide optimum therapy in patients with primary ileocecal lymphoma.


Large scope chain moorings which accommodate current-, tidal-, and wave-induced deformations by lifting and lowering excess chain from the sea floor are common for oceanographic applications in coastal areas. With an increasing demand for deployments on the order of a year or longer, there is a need for a better understanding of the static and dynamic response of these systems. This paper describes an engineering experiment conducted with an instrumented surface buoy and chain mooring in 40 m of water off the Massachusetts coast during a portion of the winter storm season. The instrumentation is described and select results are presented. The experimental results are compared with numerical model results from WHOI Cable, a numerical simulation program for oceanographic cable structures. The numerical model is then used to analyze the dynamics of the mooring over a range of hydrodynamic coefficients. Conclusions are drawn about the relative importance of inertial and drag effects in forming the total dynamic response.


Standards for communication systems once were produced by specific industries in a vertically integrated fashion. Multimedia, which merges different forms of communication, requires a new approach-horizontal or layered-to develop standards. This implies a radical change in the way standards are produced. Increasing the bandwidth to end users also forces a change in the role of public authorities in regulating the use of technology to provide services.


In order to bring about such a change in the elements, there must have been a very close approach to Jupiter between 1890 and 1926., In the latter part of 1899 and the early part of 1900, Comet 1890 VII was following along behind Jupiter at a distance varying from half to three-quarters of an astronomical unit. Probably the elements were changed slightly at that time, but it seems likely that the greater part of the change shown above was brought about in 1912. Using the elements given for / 1926, we find that this comet passed very close to Jupiter about the middle of May, 1912. At that time, the comet was less than fifteen million miles from the planet. It passed in front of and just below Jupiter. It was within a quarter of an astronomical unit of Jupiter for over two months. Since the discovery of / 1926, it has passed Mars. As viewed from the Earth, the closest angular approach, approximately 1°25', occurred about January 7. At that time, it was at a distance of about half an astronomical unit. Margaret K. Holbrook, Charles H. Smiley.


Objective To study optimum inclusion conditions for volatile oil from Xiao'er Fuxie Waifu gel.Methods Three different kinds of method were compared with yield rate of inclusion compound and utility rate of volatile oil as indexes, and the inclusion process with ultrasonic wave was evaluated by L9(34)orthogonal experiment.Results The optimum condition was 1∶6 of the volatile oil and β-cyclodextrin, shaking by ultrasonic wave for 15 minutes at 40℃. Conclusion The optimized process is simple, stable, and highly efficient.


R experime~tal. data indicate closely identical masses' and hfetlmes2 of the 0+( = Kd+) and the r+( =K"a+) mesons. On the other hand, analysesa of the decay products of r+ strongly suggest on the grounds of angular momentum and parity conservation that the r+ and 0+ are not the same particle. This poses a rather puzzling situation that has been extensively discussed.' One way out of the difficulty is to assume that parity is not strictly conserved, so that 0+ and r+ are two different decay modes of the same particle, which necessarily has a single mass value and a single lifetime. We wish to analyze this possibility in the present paper against the background of the existing experimental evidence of parity conservation. It will become clear that existing experiments do indicate parity conservation in strong and electromagnetic interactions to a bigh degree of accuracy, but that for the weak interactions (i.e., decay interactions for the mesons and hyperons, and various Fermi interactions) parity conservation is so far only an extrapolated hypothesis unsupported by experimental evidence. (One might even say that the present 8T puzzle may be taken as an indication that parity conservation is violated in weak interactions. This argument is, however, not to be taken seriously because of the paucity of our present knowledge concerning the nature of the strange particles. It supplies rather an incentive for an examination of the question of parity conservation.) To decide unequivocally whether parity is conserved in weak interactions, one must perform an experiment to determine whether weak interactions differentiate the right from the left. Some such possible experiments will be discussed.


The present invention provides an absorbent bone wound hemostasis-healing materials and their preparation methods. Said absorbent bone wound hemostat, in weight percent, consists 40% to 95% of the base material and 5% to 60% of adjuvant, the base material may be a mixture of oligosaccharides or polysaccharides or oligosaccharides and polysaccharides and as the auxiliary agent, and one or recovery several of the polyhydric alcohol (1), (2) and one or recovery several of the vegetable oil, and (3) one or condensate several of emulsifier ,including. The chemical by mixing and method of the latex mixing, the formulation amount of the base material and the auxiliary agent is mixed, allowed to cool to form a solid block-like material, packaging to absorb bone wound hemostatic-healing sterilization It provides a process for the preparation of a promoting material.


Selection of educational leaders promote their management structuras rigorous criteria and continuous improvement throughout their careers, will allow their professionalisation, increase their competence and promptness acts leading to beneficial effects on the efficiency and effectiveness of the whole school.


Metapelitic rocks in the aureole beneath the Bushveld Complex preserve evidence for both high- and low-aH2O anatexis. The aureole is characterized by an inverted thermal structure in which suprasolidus rocks potentially interacted with an H2Orich volatile phase derived from underlying, dehydrating rocks. At lower grade (T 5 700C) the rocks contain fibrolite mats and seams that record local redistribution of volatiles. Incongruent reactions consuming biotite produced small quantities (51 mol %) of liquid and peritectic cordierite that remained trapped within the mesosome. Larger volumes of melt (3‐4%), preserved as coarse-grained discordant leucosomes, were produced by congruent melting following a structurally focused influx of H2O. Subhorizontal volatile-phase flow was concentrated within thin (10mm) metapsammite horizons that are preserved as stromatic quartz‐sillimanite veins. Upward migration occurred along steep fibrolite seams that are subparallel to a variably inclined foliation. Discordant leucosomes are concentrated within antiformal fold closures of quartz‐sillimanite veins and along the axial planar schistosity. Closer to the contact (T4 725C), volatile-phase-absent, biotite-consuming melting and melt extraction produced coarse-grained garnet‐cordierite granofels. At the contact, leucodiatexites devoid of peritectic phases suggest effective segregation of melt from an underlying source. Migmatitic metapelites and their lower-grade stratigraphic equivalents have similar bulk-rock oxygen isotope values, consistent with very limited volatile-phase infiltration and precluding the Bushveld Complex magmas as the source of the volatiles.


This research studied two methods of teaching to determine which method was the most effective for adult farmers in obtaining information for efficient grain storage. The classroom lecture and the home independent study methods of instruction were used in the study. The lesson plan material and test for grain storage utilized in this research was developed by the author. Data was collected from 16 adult farmers from Unified School District ^63, Udall, Kansas. The predictor variables that were used in the study included: age of subject, educational level, grain storage experience, years of farming experience, number of acres farmed and number of bushels stored. Two statistical treatments were applied to the data collected. The test scores and the significance of predictor variables between groups were analyzed by the use of the T-Test. The relationship between predictor variables was tested by the use of the Pearson Correlation of Coefficients. The hypotheses of this research were: 1. There is no significant difference in the test scores for the lecture and independent study methods of teaching grain storage to farmers. 2. There is no significant difference in the farm storage test scores of farmers when compared by age, acres, bushels, education, farm experience and storage experience. 3. There is no significant relationship between the predictor variables of age, acres, bushels, education, farm experience, storage experience and test scores. The T-Test was used to determine the statistical significance of hypotheses one and two. The Pearson Correlation of Coefficients was used to test the statistical significance of hypothesis three. Although the mean test scores for the lecture method (79.5) was higher than for the independent study method (72.5) no significant difference occurred and hypothesis number 1 "There is no significant difference in the test scores for the lecture and independent study methods of teaching grain storage to farmers'* was retained. There were no significant differences for the factors of age, acres, bushels, education, farm experience and storage experience and test scores so hypothesis number 2 "There is no significant difference in the farm storage test scores of farmers when compared by age, acres, bushels, education, farm experience and storage experience" was retained. Hypothesis number 3 stated "There is no significant relationship between the predictor variables of age, acres, bushels, education, farm experience and storage experience. The hypothesis was rejected for 16 of the 63 comparisons . The hypothesis was rejected for eight of 21 comparisons for the combined lecture and independent study groups. Factors where significant relationships existed included: test scores with acres and bushels stored; age with education, farm experience, and storage experience; acres with bushels stored; education with farm experience; and farm experience with storage experience. Four of 21 comparisons for the lecture group had significant relationship. Significant relationship occurred between: age and farm experience; acres and bushels stored; and education with bushels stored and years of farm experience. The independent study group had four of 21 comparisons where significant relationship existed. The significant relationships were: age and farm experience and storage experience; acres and bushels stored, and farm experience and storage experience. As a result of the study the author recommended that the research be replicated with larger population, at a time when farm prices were not depressed, and that additional instructional methods be included.


On completion of this educational activity, the learners should be better able to: (1) Assess the colonic motor changes that occur in subjects with diverticular disease (2) Evaluate the neurochemical and neuromuscular pathological changes associated with altered colonic motility in patients with diverticular disease. Abstract Diverticular disease is the fifth most common gastrointestinal disease, which poses a significant economic burden, especially on the aging western population. The pathogenesis of diverticular disease is multifactorial. It results from complex interactions between various dietary, anatomic, neurochemical, and neuromuscular factors that affect the colon. There is consistent evidence that diverticular disease is associated with high intraluminal pressures, stronger segmental and propagated contractions, and increased colonic motor activity both at rest and after provocations such as a meal, especially in the colonic segments that are affected by diverticulosis. These changes are likely to be mediated by structural and neurochemical alterations of the enteric nervous system. Whether disturbed colonic motility is the cause or the effect of a process that culminates in diverticular disease remains to be fully understood.


As the e-commerce market has grown rapidly since the coronavirus pandemic, the efficiency of logistics operations has emerged as an important issue. As a way to improve the efficiency of digital picking system (DPS) that handles picking products to fulfill orders, we consider stock keeping unit (SKU) arrangement optimization to reduce the total number of visits to workstations to pack products in totes for a large set of orders. We develop the SKU arrangement optimization model and show that it can be relaxed to be equivalent to multiple-choice knapsack problem (MCKU), which is NP-hard. Recognizing the optimization model cannot be applied in practice, an association-rule-based heuristic algorithm for SKU arrangement is proposed to minimize the number of workstation visits considering variation in the workload among workstations. Under various criteria for SKU selection and arrangement, the heuristic algorithm is shown to significantly reduce the total number of visits not increasing the degree of variation in workstation loads.


Background: Recently, collagenous interodontoblastic fibers (IOF) were reported in some particular developmental stages and/or locations of the tooth. However, it remained unclear whether these fibers were identical to so‐called von Korff fibers.


Abstract : The polymer research reported here has been primarily concerned with the relationship between the crystallization kinetics and the resultant morphology and properties of the system that is formed. There have been two major areas of concern. One of these involves the properties of systems crystallized either in the bulk or from dilute solution. The other involves studies of different aspects of the mechanisms and kinetics of the crystallization process. Linear polyethylene has been the principal polymer studied and all the work on properties was carried out with molecular weight fractions. (Author)


Bearing in mind the influence of internet based instruments for crowdsourcing, landscape architecture, urban planning, and urban design fields are progressively applying these tools to obtain better notions and alternatives from the community. Such instruments generally provide considerable data about what community desires. In spite of this fact, to the best of our knowledge, crowdsourced intelligence in landscape architecture and urban planning has been studied limited. This research concentrates on University of Texas at Arlington campus soundscape in the heart of 6 million populated Dallas-Fort Worth metroplex to examine the opportunities and applications of performing crowdsourced data. To do this, research team applied mixed methods, the study evaluates the opinions of campus users and determines in which aspects those ideas can be connected to soundscape patterns. After investigating the interviews of campus users, the study integrated the information of perceptions about opinions at the end of the...


Immunohistochemical study for inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS or NOS II) in the cochlea of guinea pigs was performed after the injection of keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) into the endolymphatic sac. Morphological changes were observed in the cochlea of all animals after the injection of KLH. Increased iNOS expression was detected in the lateral wall, organ of Corti and ganglion cells. It is known that high levels of nitric oxide can lead to inner ear dysfunction. Our results suggest that iNOS may mediate the inner ear disturbance as seen in endolymphatic hydrops.


Two floor feeding trials, involving 1000 broiler chicks fed two different practical-type diets, were conducted in order to determine the methionine and total sulphur amino acid (TSAA) requirements of broiler chicks 0-6 weeks). Two protein levels (20 and 23%) each with an energy concentration of 2800 Kcal ME (kg diet and four supplemental methionine levels (0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4%) were tested. At the end of 6 - week feeding period, a common finisher ration was fed to 10 weeks of age. Under our experimental circumstances with dietshaving 23% protein and metabolizable energy of 2800 Kcal ME/kg diet and based on assumed methionine and cystine content of feeding stuff, the quantitative requirement for methionine of broiler chicks up to six weeks of age were about 0.53% diet which is equivalent to 2.3% of the dietary protein (or TSSA of 0.85 per cent diet, that is 3.7 per cent protein). Higher supplemental methionine at this protein and energy levels resulted in deterioration in liveweight gain and slight but non-significant improvement in feed/gain ratio. The rations containing 20% protein performed poorly relative to those containing 23%. Feeding of high quality common finisher rations neutralized the initial gains due to supplemental methionine within each protein levelbut did not offset the gains due to different dietary proteins.


There is perhaps no class of diseases within the broad domain of dermatology which possesses more interest, both in a pathological and in an etiological point of view, than the erythemata. To an investigator this class becomes invested with so much of the alluring as to easily lead him into the speculative domain of medicine. The subject, however, is so vast and comprehensive as to preclude the possibility of its consideration within the narrow limits of an essay. For this reason, I have taken up but one special form of a certain variety of the erythemata which has been of some interest to me for two reasons, viz.: its comparative infrequency, and the scanty literature which has been devoted to it. The literature of erythema as well as that of typhoid fever contain but a few allusions to the scarlatiniform erythema, or as it is called by


Abstract|WEBSITE OF INTRODUCTION TO HU- MAN DIGESTIVE SYSTEM USING JOOMLA CMS 1.5.8 Dewi Nur Indriana Undergraduate Program, Directorate of Information Technology Diploma Program, 2009 Gu- nadarma University http://www.gunadarma.ac.id keyword: website, design, human digestive system ( xiv + 51 + Lam- piran ) ABSTRACT This paper discusses about the steps to create a website for learning material that is biologically hu- man digestive system. The website contains detailed infor- mation about the human digestive system so that students can assess that many ways to ease in learning Biology. All materials can be obtained through internet media, ranging from pictures to articles that discusses in detail.


An outbreak of Foot and Mouth Disease was investigated in a herd of 500 cows in district Jabalpur Madhya Pradesh in month of Feb 2012. History, clinical signs and postmortem findings of the disease being suggestive of Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD). Out of these a total of 210 adult cows were found affected. The affected animals were treated with antibiotics, NSAID and antihistaminic. The wound management was done by using topical application of Neem + turmeric ointment and allopathic ointments available commercially. Instead of commercially available allopathic ointments, the results were positive and most effective in Neem + turmeric ointment combination for the healing of vesicular eruption in FMD.


This paper is concerned with the efficient computation of Jacobian matrices of nonlinear vector maps using automatic differentiation (AD). Specificially, we propose the use of a directed cutset method, weighted minimum cut, to exploit the structure of the computional graph of the nonlinear system. This allows for the efficient determination of the Jacobian matrix using AD software. We discuss the results of numerical experiments significant practical potential of this approach.


The study "The Sultan's Fleet: Seafarers of the Ottoman Empire" by Christine Isom-Verhaaren, in which she discusses the seafarers who served in the Ottoman navy from the pre-Ottoman period to the early 18th century, is analyzed in this review. In this paper, as well as the sources she used, I examined the chapters of the book, the information, and the observations she presented. This book provides value as a noteworthy academic work focused on Ottoman sailors within a particular context, even though it is not the first study on Ottoman seafarers.


An attempt to show the legal nature of the right to the name of the goods origin place through the exclusive right characteristics to the name of the goods origin place is made in the article. The viewpoints of the civil law specialists on the exclusive character of the right to use the name of the goods origin place are considered. Also the peculiarities of the exclusive right granting to the name of the goods origin place are determined.


The Late Bronze Age and 8th-century records of Greeks and easterners in the west are compared and found strikingly similar, to suggest that there was no complete break, although the archaeological record is almost dumb. The Greeks had a longer record in the west, and were closer ; and the two peoples may have prospected together. The eastern presence in Ischia is reconsidered and the role


Inflammation provides a link between obesity and insulin resistance. Obesity is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation that negatively impacts insulin sensitivity. High-fat diet can increase the inflammation pathway nuclear factor-κB, which leads to a sustained elevation in level of the noncanonical inhibitor of nuclear factor κB kinase (IKK)e in liver and adipose tissues. Emerging evidence suggests that IKKe plays a very important role in energy balance. IKKe knockout or the inhibitor of IKKe can elevate energy expenditure, lose weight, relieve the disorders of metabolism through different mechanisms. Thus, IKKe is a crucial kinase in metabolism and may represent an attractive therapeutic target for obesity and metabolic diseases.

Key words:
IKKe; Adipose tissue; Inflammation; Energy balance


Stressing the fact that population control is a welfare measure, the Prime Minister of India announced that family planning will now be incorporated into the Family Welfare Program. Population planning will be only 1 aspect. Health needs of all the people and education will be emphasized. During the past 2 years family planning has become rather a menace because it was forced on people, especially the vasectomy program. The new program will be completely voluntary and will be concerned with the total health of the people, not just family planning.


Thermal conductivities of six oriented semicrystalline polymers which range from 0.37 to 0.63 in crystallinity and 1 to 5 in draw ratio λ (up to about 15 for two polymers) have been measured between 100 and 340 K. It was found that for increasing λ the conductivity K∥ (along the draw direction n) increases rapidly while K⊥ (normal to n) decreases slightly; K∥ also increases with temperature, but K⊥ shows no simple pattern in temperature dependence. These general features can be reproduced reasonably well at low draw ratio (λ < 5) by the modified Maxwell model, and the discrepancy in details may be attributed to the fact that the model does not take into account the possible anisotropy of the amorphous phase of the oriented polymers. At high draw ratio the intercrystalline bridge effect becomes important, and one must resort to the Takayanagi model, but the lack of corroborating x-ray data has rendered a detailed comparison impossible.


In this paper, the problem of robust state estimation under multi-mode non-Gaussian noise environment is investigated. The standard Kalman filter is optimal under Gaussian noise assumption. However, when noise is generated by multiple sources and corrupted by outliers, it means that the noise distribution is multimodal and non-Gaussian, then the performance of the standard Kalman filter will be severely degraded. In this work, a multi-kernel correntropy based state filter is developed. Correntropy is a generalized similarity measure between two random variables, and is insensitive to outliers. Since the noise distribution is multimodal instead of unimodal, a new multi-kernel correntropy based optimization objective function is constructed. The proposed state filter mainly consists of two steps, prediction step and correction step, where priori estimate and posterior estimate are computed respectively. The capabilities of the proposed filter are demonstrated on a benchmark navigation problem.


We present measurements of the integrated IR emission (1-5 μm) from both the heterogeneous explosive PBX 9501 and pure HMX at calibrated temperatures from 30 °C to 250 °C. The IR power emitted as a function of temperature is that expected of a black body, attenuated by a unique temperature independent constant which we report as the thermal emissivity. We have utilized this calibration of IR emission in measurements of the surface temperature from PBX 9501 subject to 1 GPa, two dimensional impact, and spontaneous ignition in unconfined cookoff. We demonstrate that the measurement of IR emission in this spectral region provides a temperature probe of sufficient sensitivity to resolve the thermal response from the solid explosive throughout the range of weak mechanical perturbation, prolonged heating to ignition, and combustion.


The species Telestes souffia (RISSO, 1827) is represented by three subspecies across the European rivers (T. souffia souffia from the Rhone and the Var rivers; T. souffia muticellus in north-Italy and Switzerland; Telestes souffia agassizi VALENCIENNES 1844 from the Danube river and the uppermost Rhine drainage). In the Romanian rivers this species was one of the roughly recent recorded cyprinid fishes. Based on a few morphological features, the Romanian populations of this species were assimilated with those from the Upper Danube and the Rhine, respectively the subspecies Telestes souffia agassizi. However, a morphological study and the diagnosis on these populations are necessary. The range of T. souffia agassizi in the Romanian rivers was initially noted as covering only the northern rivers, respectively the upper Tisa and the river mouth of its main tributaries the S pân a, the Iza and the Vi eu. After the first record of this species in 1959, during three decades there are no new investigations on the species range in the Maramure rivers. The recent studies (1995-2008) focused on the fishfauna from the upper Tisa and its tributaries the Vi eu, the Iza, the Mara and the S pân a reveals the actual range of T. souffia agassizi on these rivers. The new data prove also that the species distribution is wide than it was noted before. The species was recorded in 27 localities along the tributaries of the upper Tisa river.


About 40% of newborns infected with HIV do not live to their first birthday. More than half of those die around 2 months old. The remaining HIV-infected newborns survive the opportunistic infections appearing at a young age, then their health improves, and they survive to around age 6. HIV can be diagnosed after a laboratory test and/or based on clinical signs and symptoms. The latter is less precise than the HIV test but the HIV test is either very expensive or the laboratory is not equipped to test for HIV. For infants younger than 18 months, a positive HIV test is not reliable. All infants of HIV- positive mothers are born with maternal HIV antibodies that remain active for 12-18 months. The main advantages of diagnosing HIV in an infant are that opportunistic infections can be identified and treated quickly and that health workers can detect potentially fatal childhood infections very early. Good care of the HIV-infected child includes good nutrition, rapid treatment of childhood infections, appropriate vaccination, early diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis among family members, oral rehydration therapy, growth monitoring, treating the child like a normal child (e.g., playing), and providing comfort. It is important to explain to the family that, with good care, the HIV-infected child can survive a long time. The mother and other family members need counseling and support. Older HIV-infected children would need special treatment. HIV-positive infants tend to be of low birth weight. Symptoms (e.g., bacterial infections and lymphadenopathy) begin to appear around 2-3 months. Around 6-15 months, HIV-related signs include growth problems (first growth stoppage then weight loss), chronic diarrhea, and tuberculosis (difficult to diagnose, however). Symptoms for children older than 15 months include the aforementioned symptoms plus itchy eruptions, enlarged lymph nodes, chronic cough, and development difficulties (e.g., learning to walk or speak later than usual).


Despite various high-tech Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) and Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) communications that have been developed for enhancing traffic safety, protecting vulnerable road users (VRU), such as pedestrians and bicyclists from the vehicles and trains still heavily relies on the traditional sound warning method. Furthermore, as smart devices continue to become highly ubiquitous, the more VRU are shutting out the safety related warning sounds. A traffic accident study shows the number of headphone-wearing VRU involved in roadside accidents has tripled since 2004. Although recently a few Car2Pedestrian communication methods have been proposed by various car makers, their practical usage is still in question. They assume VRUs' active attention to the communication while walking, and also mostly require special communication devices to cope with the wide range of mobility. In this paper, we propose a smartphone based Car2X communication system, named WiFiHonk that can alert of potential collisions to both VRU and vehicles in order to especially protect the distracted VRU. WiFiHonk provides a practical safety means for the distracted VRU without requiring any special device using the WiFi of a smart device. It is novel in that it removes the WiFi association overhead using the beacon stuffed WiFi communication and also provides an efficient collision estimation algorithm to issue appropriate warnings. Our experimental and simulation studies validate that WiFiHonk can successfully alert the VRU within a sufficient reaction time frame.


The search for a development process that is environmentally sustainable implies accepting the reality of a world of finite resources and the urgent need to rethink our consumer habits and, even more so, our manufacturing processes. We can no longer produce the goods that we need following a linear process, in which resources are extracted, processed, packaged, distributed, consumed and thrown away. This process generates two very serious problems: resource scarcity (the oil peak, rare minerals and agricultural land peaks and even increasing water scarcity demonstrate this) and the impossible management of ever-increasing quantities of waste, some highly toxic and severe contamination problems. This conception corresponds to an adolescent phase in our collective evolution, a phase of blind trust in a growth process and endless human demands, combined with a reduced preoccupation as to the environmental impacts of our productive processes. Our manufactured products have to be redesigned, so that in their design, when they finish their useful life, all their component parts can be reused or that they be biodegradable naturally. When buying a TV, one would not be buying the raw materials that went into its parts, but the service it happens to offer, and when finished its useful life, the enterprise that produced it would have to take it back and see how to reuse all its parts. Various European countries are moving in this direction, with legislation that would oblige the enterprises to retake their products. In doing this, we would enter a new phase in our collective evolution, of greater maturity and responsibility in our manufacturing processes, one with less hubris and more humility and recognition of our intrinsic dependency of the life-sustaining cycles on this earth. This may well be one of the main challenges of the modern era. Braungart & McDonell, in their trend-setting book "From Cradle to Cradle", as was "Small is Beautiful" or "Silent Spring", wrote a pioneer book in this sense, a book of mandatory reference to all who are interested in the search of a development process that is environmentally sustainable. Keywords: Linear and circular production, Rough-shod design, Useful life, Adolescent and mature phase.


Wireless transfer of energy will help realize perennially operating sensors, where dedicated transmitters replenish the residual node battery level through directed radio frequency (RF) waves. However, as this radiative transfer is in-band, it directly impacts data communication in the network, requiring a fresh perspective on medium access control (MAC) protocol design for appropriately sharing the channel for these two critical functions. Through an experimental study, we first demonstrate how the placement, the chosen frequency, and number of the RF energy transmitters affect the sensor charging time. These studies are then used to design a MAC protocol called RFMAC that optimizes energy delivery to desirous sensor nodes on request. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first distributed MAC protocol for RF energy harvesting sensors, and through a combination of experimentation and simulation studies, we demonstrate 112% average network throughput improvement over the modified unslotted CSMA MAC protocol.


This work addresses the offline problem of efficiently planning network substrates joining geographically distributed IT resource locations over high-capacity optical resources. Given an already known set of virtual infrastructure demands to be embedded over the network substrate, we present an iterative optimization heuristic that appropriately embeds all virtual infrastructure demands in order to minimize both the physical substrate IT and optical resources needed to allocate them. For this purpose, the heuristic arranges the demands in descending order, based on the amount of resources they require. Then, it processes all demands, one after another, optimally embedding each one of them on the network substrate using Integer Linear Programming (ILP) techniques. The performance of the proposed heuristic is highlighted through illustrative results.


In this article the technopedagogical design of electronic learning portfolios with eighteen undergraduate psychology students is reported. The e-portfolio model is based on the approach of situated learning and authentic assessment, and relies on the metaphors of the portfolio as mirror, map and sonnet. It includes a description of the e-portfolio; the skills and learnings expected of the student; key questions for reflection; minimum input required; the type of evidence or artifacts expected; and the technological resources employed. Examples of the students' reflections and of the self-assessments and co-assessments performed are provided. The findings suggest that e-learning portfolios enable the recovery and systematization of learning productions and experiences, and can function as a tool for monitoring learning as well as for reflection on the individual's own professional identity, personal and academic trajectory.


Introduction: Recent studies showed that obesity is associated with changes in brain structure (1,2). It was also suggested that cerebral changes may be similar to those observed in drug addiction. However, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. To address these questions, we investigated the dependence between body weight and brain structure using diffusion-tensor imaging (DTI). Correlations between the body mass index (BMI) and fractional anisotropy (FA) were computed in female and male subjects separately. Axial and the radial diffusivity were additionally studied, which had been investigated by Song et al. (3,4) in animal models including the shiverer mouse. Methods: High-resolution diffusion-weighted (DW) images (60 directions, b = 1000 s/mm2, GRAPPA accel. fact. 2, NEX = 3) were acquired on a whole-body 3T TIM Trio scanner (Siemens, Erlangen, Germany) with a 12-channel head array coil.. The measurement of 72 axial slices with an isotropic resolution of 1.7 mm covered the entire brain. A set of 49 subjects was analyzed (23 female; age=26.4±5.0 y, BMI 18.5-50.7, mean 29.1, std=7.0). Brain masks were extracted from T1-weighted structural scans and co-registered into the Talairach space. The DW images were corrected for subject motion and registered to the T1 anatomy with isotropic voxel size of 1mm using rigid-body transformation computed with FLIRT (5). For each voxel, a diffusion tensor was fitted to the data, and the FA was computed. Non-linear registration was used for inter-subject alignment (6). Using the deformed FA images, a mean image was created and thinned to create a mean skeleton, which represents the centers of all tracts common to the group (7). Finally, each subject's aligned FA were projected to the mean skeleton and fed into voxel-wise cross-subject statistics based on a general linear model containing BMI, gender, and age as covariates. In order to investigate gender differences, the statistical analysis was also performed for the female and male subjects separately. In addition to the FA, axial and radial diffusivity was investigated. Axial diffusivity is defined by the eigenvalue of the primary eigenvector and is also referred to as parallel diffusion. Radial diffusivity is the mean of the eigenvalues of the second and third eigenvectors, and it is also attributed to perpendicular diffusion.


Abstract Dendroligotrichum dendroides and Dawsonia superba, which belong to two exclusively Gondwanalandic genera of the Polytrichales, accumulate the same type of coumarins as species of the cosmopolitan genera of that order. The structures of the isolated compounds, one of which is a new natural product, were elucidated spectroscopically.


The article by Lipton (pages 259-265) makes a few important suggestions. First DNA computation resembles that of pebble games. Second the use of both destructive and nonde-structive detect operations will enrich DNA computation model. Third DNA computation can naturally implement the concepts of global memory and local memory in parallel computation. Most DNA computational models assume that interacting molecules are able to diffuse in three dimensions. This, coupled with redundancy of memory molecules, ultimately gives the power of massive parallelism. A drastically different way to view molecular computation is by allowing interactions only on two dimensions. While the effective physical search space is reduced, surface based computation has two advantages: it i~ possible to use encoding based on spatial coordinates, and, second, many molecular reaction rates are enhanced due to steric effects when they are constrained to take place on surfaces. The contribution by Liu et al. (pages 123-132) reports the results of actual preliminary experiments with operations on surface-immobilized DNA strands. It is clear that more new, innovative, ideas will infuse into this field, perhaps as later additions to this volume. All molecular computations so far have this in common: massively parallel search is made in chemical solutions using the property of information transfer by biological molecules. As the editors wistfully observe, molecular computation provides a kind of "solutions of solutions". The concept of computing at a molecular level back to Feynman in the 1960s, and was developed by Conrad and others in the 1980s. Recently, there has been a surge of interest in the field as a result of Adleman's 1994 paper, which showed how molecular level computation may be achieved using standard laboratory operations on strands of DNA. Since Adleman's paper, DNA computing has developed into a rapidly growing area of enquiry; several major conferences now dedicate special sessions to the field, and the Annual Workshop on DNA Computing held its fifth meeting this year, at MIT. This volume, DNA Based Computers III, contains papers presented at the earlier Third Annual Workshop, held in June 1997 at the University of Pennslyvania. The twenty-five contributions in this volume were collected by the editors,


A healthy indoor air environment is essential to maintain the comfort, health and productivity of the occupants. Governed by the law and regulations, building owners and operators are obligated to provide a safe workplace environment for employees, tenants, and visitors. Nevertheless, with the soaring energy price over decades, the operation cost of heating and ventilation systems is becoming more and more expensive. It has become a huge challenge for engineers to design an optimal system maintaining the desired thermal comfort with minimum cost. Aiming to resolve the problem, a number of numerical and experimental works have been carried out to develop a design optimization methodology. Most of the previous studies concentrated mainly on single objective optimization which aggregated all design indices using artificial weighting factors. The optimal solution, however, is sensitive to the value of weighing factors. This paper reports some preliminary results of the development of a multi-objective design optimization platform for heating and ventilation applications. The algorithm is developed based on the Nondominated Sorting-based Multi-objective Particle Swarm Optimization (NSM-PSO) technique where optimization is carried based on validated CFD predictions. NSM-PSO is an expansion of the basic PSO to achieve more effective nondominated comparisons through a better use of particle's personal best and its offspring. The supply air temperature and velocity are the design parameters selected to optimize against the predicted mean vote (PMV), CO2 concentration and energy consumption as objective functions. The results show that the optimal design temperature ranges from 290.15K to 294.15K, and the velocity ranges between 0.15m/s and 0.44m/s where a Pareto-optimal front is given within this range. Based on the given Pareto-optimal front, designers could then choose the optimal design that is well-balanced between thermal comfort, air quality and energy consumption, according to their professional judgments or end-user preferences.


Objective To study the pharmacokinetics of sophoridine in mice. Methods Two groups of mice were treated with sophoridine at the same dose 2 mg·kg-1 through iv and ig, respectively. The concentration of sophoridine at different time was determined by LC-MS/MS. Results The pharmacokinetic parameters AUC0 ~ 18 h, Cmax, and tmax of the ig administration group were 1 256.2 ng·h·mL-1, 756.3 ng·mL-1 and 1 h, with absolute bioavailability at 41.8%; while the AUC0 ~ 18 h was 3 005.3 ng·h·mL-1 in the iv administration group. Conclusion The pharmacokinetic of sophoridine in mice can be described with two compartment model and its absolute bioavailability is considerably low when administrated intragastricaly.