We introduce a multiple generalization of the tame symbol, called {\em polysymbols}, associated to meromorphic functions on a Riemann surface as the Massey products in Deligne cohomology, and also give a geometric construction of polysymbols using Chen's iterated integrals. We then deduce some basic properties of polysymbols using our holonomy formula, and show that trivializations of polysymbols give variations of mixed Hodge structure.


This study investigated the mutagenic variability of maize ( Zea mays L.) genotypes induced with sodium azide (NaN3). The seeds of maize genotypes; TZE-WDTSTR C4, TZM 154, SAMMAZ 15, DTE-YSR BC3, EV99 QPM, DTSR COF2, TZM 146 and TZM 1441 were pre-soaked in distilled water for six hours before treated with 20ml of sodium azide at 35, 45, 55, and 65 mM for six hours. The untreated maize served as control. The seeds were sown on perforated polythene bags containing 7kg of soil with three replicates in a complete randomized design. The observations from seedling to maturity recorded albino, xantha and viridis mutant traits. The mitotic studies carried out on the root tips of the seedlings revealed chromosomal aberrations such as abnormal anaphase and metaphase and chromosomal deletion. There were variations among the genotypes for yield, morpho-agronomic traits and mutation tolerance. TZE-WDTSTR C4, TZM 154 and TZM 146 were early maturing genotypes. TZM 1441 and EV99 QPM were the most tolerant genotypes to mutagenic effect, while EV99 QPM performed best for percentage seed germination, ear aspect, husk cover and mutation tolerance. The mutation tolerance was positive and strongly correlated with agronomic and yield traits (days to first tasseling, tasseling length, plant stand, ear aspect, husk cover and number of cobs) compared to growth traits. The number of cobs produced is positive and strongly related with mutation tolerance at r = 0.77; p < 0.01, while the ear aspect is positive and strongly associated with husk cover, number of cobs and mutation tolerance at r = 0.86, 0.76 and 0.79 respectively. The first Principal Component Axis (Prin 1) had the highest contribution to the variation of morphological, yield and mutation tolerance traits with proportion and Eigen value of 23.12% and 3.24 respectively, while Prin 14 had the least contribution. Stem height, grain weight, shoot biomass and root biomass were closely related to mutation tolerance in Prin 1 than other traits. Therefore, selection of the most tolerant genotypes to sodium azide (chemical mutagen) should be considered in breeding programmes.


The symmetries of the observed Raman lines in the 4000–30 cm−1 region in different orientations of a single crystal of Ba(NO2)2•H2O have been determined and the spectra have been analysed in terms ...


Background: Atrial septal defect and its closure can lead to changes in the right and left cardiac cavities' function and size. In this study, Z-scores of the cardiac chambers and the heart function were assessed, and the important complications were mentioned. Methods: This interventional cross-sectional study was done on patients who had atrial septal defect closure aged younger than 18 years. All patients were recruited for transthoracic echocardiography. About half of the patients were randomly selected. The information of angiography and its side effects belong to all patients, but the echocardiographic parameters and Z-scores belong only to the selected group. Results: A total of 370 patients underwent the atrial septal defect closure, of whom 150 patients participated in the study. The patients' average age and weight were 9.25 ± 3.44 years and 15.12 ± 11.83 kg, respectively, and the mean follow-up time was 2.56 years. Z-scores of the interventricular septal dimension in diastole, the left ventricular posterior wall dimension in diastole, the left ventricular internal dimension in systole, and Z-scores of the size of the right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary valve annulus, and the main pulmonary artery were more than Z-scores of the normal population. Furthermore, Z-scores of the E/A and the Eat/Aat of the tricuspid valve were less than their peers. Besides, the correlation between Z-scores and the atrial septal defect size and weight of the patients was assessed, which was statistically significant, and patients who underwent atrial special defect closure at the age of fewer than three years and less than 15 kg had more normal cardiac Z-scores. Conclusions: Z-scores of the cardiac chambers and pulmonary artery were more than normal after successful closure of the atrial septal defect in the mid-term follow-up.


For the high accuracy and timeliness requirements of short-term joint dispatch of giant-scale hydropower station groups,double parallel optimization method based on topological structure of hydropower station groups and optimization trajectory of algorithm is designed with multi-core PC clusters.Multi-process and multi-thread synchronous parallel computing are implemented with mixed fine-grained model of MPI and OpenMP.Finally,this article analyzes the calculation performance of algorithm with different numbers of hydropower station and process.The instance results show that the calculation time is reduced greatly on the premise of ensuring optimization accuracy,and the computing efficiency is improved significantly.


This paper deals with the analysis of a closed-loop identification technique applied to a DC servomechanism from a passivity point of view. It is shown that the closed-loop system together with the identification algorithm can be divided into simpler subsystems easier to analyze and then, many properties related to passivity and stability can be deduced. Furthermore, it is shown that with this separation approach we have the freedom to select many controller structures, which could let to improve the performance of the identification algorithm, even in presence of perturbation signals.


Based on statistical data from 285 cities in 2003-2012, this paper studied the spatial spillover effect of industrial agglomeration on Chinese Cities' Green TFP using spatial econometric model. The results showed that there was an increasing growth in the space correlation of Green TFP. The effect of manufacturing agglomeration on Green TFP was significantly negative. Producer service industry agglomeration and market potential significantly promoted Green TFP. From the perspective of agglomeration externalities, MAR externality and Porter externality inhibited the Green TFP. Jacobs' externality promoted the Green TFP.


Ecological aspects of three horizontal orb weavers, Tetragnatha praedonia, T. japonica and T. pinicola, were investigated. Both T. praedonia and T. japonica were distributed mainly upstream, though the former was distributed more upstream than the latter. T. pinicola was distributed mainly downstream. These species hunted mainly in evening and night, though the daily activity patterns differed to some extent from one another. There were clear differences in the web height and the scaffolds. The role of such differences was considered in relation to the coexistence of the three species.


Near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging has advanced medical imaging and image-guided interventions during the past three decades. However, despite major advances in imaging instrumentation, only a few dyes are currently available in the clinic. Previously, we reported two zwitterionic NIR fluorophores, ZW800-1A and ZW800-1C, which significantly improved the poor performance of the FDA-approved indocyanine green. However, ZW800-1A is not stable in serum and ZW800-1C induces severe stacking in aqueous media. To solve such dilemmas, ZW800-PEG was designed by introducing a flexible yet stable thiol PEG linker. ZW800-PEG shows high solubility in both aqueous and organic solvents, thus improving renal clearance with minimal binding to serum proteins during systemic circulation. The sulfide group on the meso position of the heptamethine core improves serum stability and physicochemical properties including the maximum emission wavelength shift to 800 nm, enabling the use of ZW800-PEG for image-guided interventions and augmenting photothermal therapy.


A spatial outlier is a spatially referenced object whose non-spatial attribute values are significantly different from the values of its neighborhood. Identification of spatial outliers can lead to the discovery of unexpected, interesting, and useful spatial patterns for further analysis. WEKA is a collection of machine learning algorithms for solving real-world data mining problems. It is written in Java and runs on almost any platform. Basic data mining functions as well as regression, association rules and clustering algorithms have also been implemented in WEKA, but their algorithms can only operate on traditional non-spatial database. The purpose of this project is to build a new class, which can detect spatial outlier in a spatial data set.


Claudio Milanesi : Death as an instant and death as a process in late ; 18th-century medicine. ; The transfer from the Christian and originally Platonic, paradigm, which defines death as the instant at which the soul is separated from the body, to the physiological and vitalistic model, which sees it on the contrary as a process characterized by the successive interruption of organic functions, took place in the works of the new Enlightenment medicine. The concept long attributed to Xavier Bichat was based on the research of Jean-Jacques Menuret de Chambaud, Jacques-Benigne Winslow, and Paul-Joseph Barthez.


Review(s) of: Forests in a Full World, by Woodwell, G. M. with Contributions from Ullsten, 0., Houghton, R. A., Nilsson, S., Kanowski, P., Larson, E. D., Johansson, T. B. and Kerr, B., 2001, Yale University Press, New Haven and London, Pp. xxii and 231. ISBN 0-300-08882-5, RRP AUD$35.40.


Most spatial models deal with a number of objects, such as segments of demand, as well as supply choices including houses, jobs, transport modes or routes, etc. A choice of or by any of these objects represents a probabilistic event (decision step). The problem is to determine the joint probability density for the collection of events. In this paper, the joint probability function is estimated using an extended entropy model, constrained by additional information on the entropy of aggregated events. The resulting models are compared with existing formulations, based either on entropy maximization or on utility maximization. It is also shown that models which are used for predicting demand can be generalized to allow for the dependence of demand on supply, allowing for nonhomogeneous zonal supply and supply – demand imbalances.


OBJECTIVE
In patients treated for nonfunctioning pituitary macroadenoma (NFMA), increased fatigue scores on quality of life (QoL) have been reported. Because this may be related to altered sleep patterns, we evaluated daytime sleepiness and sleep patterns in patients successfully treated for NFMA in our center.

DESIGN
This is a case-control study.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
We assessed sleepiness and sleep patterns in 76 adult patients (41 men, mean age 63 yr, range 37-87) in remission of NFMA during long-term follow-up (10 yr, range 0.5-30) after surgical (n = 76) and additional radiotherapeutical (n = 28) treatment. We used two validated questionnaires for sleep parameters (Epworth Sleepiness Scale and Münchener Chronotype Questionnaire) and four validated questionnaires for QoL (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory-20, Nottingham Health Profile, and Short Form-36). Patient outcomes were compared with 76 healthy controls.

RESULTS
Sleep duration and timing of sleep were not affected compared with healthy controls. However, sleepiness score was increased in patients compared with controls (7.6 +/- 4.6 vs. 4.8 +/- 3.1; P < 0.001), reflecting increased daytime sleepiness in patients. There were no correlations between any of the sleep pattern parameters (duration, onset, rise time, or midsleep) and sleepiness scores. Sleepiness scores were significantly correlated to 15 of the 21 QoL parameters, whereas sleep patterns were not. Sleep timing was influenced by previous radiotherapy, whereas sleep duration was negatively affected by panhypopituitarism.

CONCLUSION
Daytime sleepiness is increased despite normal sleep patterns in patients treated for NFMA.


For parquet, stairs and other flooring, hardness is one of the most important wood properties to be considered; especially as regards to new wood-based materials, such as the different modified and composite materials used for flooring. In outdoor applications hardness is also an appropriate measure for indicating the wear characteristics of a material. However, testing the hardness of timber is complex, time consuming and usually restricted to laboratory testing. To overcome these difficulties, the work of Dr Linda Meyer aimed to develop a mobile testing device, which allows the application of dynamic loads in the test lab as well as on the construction site. Based on the Brinell principle the new instrument delivers relative momentum data, which can be easily converted into traditional Brinell hardness values. Extensive hardness tests with 24 different native wood species and thermally modified timber (TMT) were conducted, thus proving the reliability of this multi-functional device.


Manganese cobalt nickel complex oxide is a thermal-sensitive material with the property of semiconductor. In this paper, Mn1.74Co0.72Ni0.54O4 (MCN) thin film was prepared in air using metal-organic-deposition method at room temperature on Si substrate, and the crystallization synthesis of the MCN thin film was prepared using alcohol-thermal reaction. According to X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and the relationship between resistivity and temperature, effects of MCN thin film made by alcohol-thermal reaction on crystalline microstructure, surface morphology and electrical properties were investigated. X-ray diffraction pattern showed that the MCN thin film appears to be spinel structure with predominant spinel peaks. Field emission scanning electron microscope showed that the surface morphology of MCN thin film is crack-free and compact surface. The relationship between resistivity and temperature of the thin film Mn1.74Co0.72Ni0.54O4 was that the resistivity decreases with the increase in temperature. The room temperature(≈ 27℃) resistivity of the MCN thin film was 303.13 Ω·cm.


Abstract The lack of adequate health insurance affects one's ability to access care, which directly affects one's health. In the 21st century, there are 44 million people in the United States without health care insurance. The majority of people without health care insurance are working people under age 65, because most people over age 65 are retired and have health insurance through the federal Medicare program. Maintaining a healthy population makes good business sense because healthy people are more able to work, buy goods, and pay taxes that contribute to a healthy economy and strong government. We must understand, through provider "cost shifting," the American public is already "footing the bill" for the uninsured. However, the actual amount is hidden and passed on to consumers in payments to insurance companies through raised premiums, deductibles, co-payments, exclusions from coverage, and direct out-of-pocket payments to providers (e.g., physicians, hospitals). Ironically, the very working poor who are uninsured and underinsured help fund the health insurance of select federally protected groups through taxation. A huge gap exists in the current United States system of health care wherein there is no cogent benefit, only a vicious cycle as the insured continue to pay more for their care to help compensate provider losses due to the uninsured. This in turn causes a growing rank of uninsured individuals that lack access to adequate health care. The purpose of this article is to assert an alternative to the current U.S. health care insurance system. It takes advantage of structures already in place to promote a "win-win" American health system premised on a workable tiereduniversal health care system in which there is a benefit to the major populace. As an emanation of a diverse society, the proposed system does not advocate a one-payer universal system that is not amenable to the U.S. health care, social, or political environment.


Abstract 1978 In 2005, a NIH consensus conference was held to better define methods for research in chronic GVHD (cGVHD). Provisional definitions of response categories for individual organs and overall cGVHD disease activity were proposed: complete response (CR), partial response (PR), stable disease (SD) and progressive disease (PD). These response criteria were designed to improve consistency in documentation of disease activity across different centers, to allow less biased response assessments by comparison of enrollment and follow-up measures, rather than relying on clinician perceptions of change in the setting of clinical trials. In this study, we compared the proposed response criteria with clinician-reported changes in organ specific and overall responses. Good agreement would suggest that the proposed response criteria mirror clinician judgments of whether patients are responding to treatment or not. Methods: Patients ≥ 2 years of age diagnosed with cGVHD requiring systemic treatment ≤ 3 years after transplantation were eligible and assessed every 3–6 months. At each visit, clinicians reported the following: organ specific measures (used to calculate the NIH organ response for skin, mouth, eye and overall), perception of change in organ and overall involvement (completely gone = CR; very much or moderately improved = PR; a little better, stable, or a little worse = SD; or moderately or very much worse = PD), and overall aggregate response (CR, PR, SD, PD). Kappa statistics were used to compare agreement between these measures, with 0.21–0.4 considered fair agreement. Results : As of September 2010, 290 patients who had at least one follow-up visit 3 or 6 months beyond enrollment were included, with median age of 51 years (2–79). Based on NIH overall response criteria, 24 (8%) had CR, 83 (29%) had PR, 25 (9%) had SD, and 158 (54%) had PD for an overall CR+PR of 37%. In contrast, clinicians reported that 31 (11%) had CR, 171 (59%) had PR, 30 (10%) had SD and 56 (19%) had PD for an overall CR+PR of 70%. For organ specific comparisons, agreement rates between NIH proposed response measures and clinician reported changes in skin, mouth and eye were fair. For overall response, agreement rates between the calculated NIH response and clinician-reported overall change and clinician-reported response status were also fair. (Table) Conclusions: For both organ-specific and overall comparisons, the proposed NIH response criteria do not agree well with responses determined by clinicians. These data suggest that conclusions from prior literature reporting high overall CR+PR rates based on clinician judgment would not be supported if the current NIH response criteria had been used to measure response. Additional studies are needed to validate candidate response criteria through correlation with a robust, objective and informative gold standard. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


Abstract Having considered the regulations covering the control of subdivisions, we can now pass on to the actual design of subdivisions.


In this article we focus on the architectural style modernism. We shall consider the appearance of it. We shall also consider some examples of modernism. The main aim of the article is the description of full sense of modernism.


This study proposes an analysis framework for organization immunity system,and examines how organization constructs organization immunity system and what is the mechanism of organization immunity.Based on the case study of Daya Bay Nuclear Station,we found that functions of recognition,defense and memory are main elements of organization immunity system,and absence or failure of any element will destroy the mechanism of organization immunity.It's important for complex system to construct organization immunity system to avoid failure.


This paper investigates temporal and weather-related variation in taxi trips in New York City. A taxi trip data-set with 147 million records covering 10 months of activity is used. It is shown that there are substantial variations in ridership, taxi supply, trip distance, and pickup frequency for different time periods and weather conditions. These variations, in turn, cause variations in driver revenues which is one of the main measures of taxi supply–demand equilibrium. The findings are then used to discuss the anticipated impacts of two recently enacted taxi regulation changes: the first fare increase since 2006 and the E-Hail pilot program which allows taxi hailing with smart phone applications. The fare increase is estimated to cause varying levels of revenue increase for different time periods. E-Hail apps are not expected to offer considerable improvements at all times, but rather when both adequate taxi supply and demand occur simultaneously.


This study aimed to compare the bone resection thickness, rate of minimal thickness insert usage, and postoperative range of motion (ROM) between robotic and navigated total knee arthroplasty (TKA).


Chapter 2 casts a "Havana's-eye view" on the way its residents positioned themselves inside and outside both the British and Spanish empires during the decades that preceded the British invasion. Well before the British war fleet began its siege of Havana, contraband and the British-dominated slave trade had already transformed the city into a hybrid space, mutually constituted with its British American neighbors. The African peoples brought to Cuba in predominantly British slaving ships were bought and sold as goods, yet, upon arrival, they and their descendants were also regarded as future loyal Spanish subjects, vital economic contributors, and crucial defenders of the king's realms in a climate of heightened imperial war and rivalry. Havana's merchants and landowners built a successful economy that profited from both trading with the enemy and making war against them through privateering and wartime transimperial trade. The prevailing patterns of war, trade, and slavery help to explain the reactions of individuals in Havana to the British siege and occupation of their city.


Inhabited isolated areas require independent power systems called isolated microgrids. Conventional protection schemes are not suitable for isolated microgrids due to their dependence on significant fault current. This article introduces an adaptive differential feature-based protection scheme for fault detection and faulty phase identification for isolated microgrids. Instead of differential currents, it proposes differential features, where edge computing is used to extract the features at point of measurement. The most informative one-dimensional feature is extracted from each phase at both ends of the line. The line differential feature is compared with an adaptive threshold to perform fault detection. The threshold is updated every second and is immune to system noises. Faulty phase identification is performed with a logical comparison. An in-memory circular buffer is proposed to store the local features in case of communication delay. Communication and synchronization are experimentally validated, and the worst-case latency is reported along with individual processing time for data acquisition, feature extraction, communication, and fault detection. Extensive validations are done with IEC-based and IEEE 13-node-based isolated microgrid. The test results are compared with state-of-the-art methods and proved that the proposed scheme is practical to be adopted in real- world isolated microgrids of different sizes and topologies.


The research aimed to study the inhibition of Pinus elliottii against plant pathogenic fungi and by using the mycelium growth rates,the inhibition was measured.The results showed that Pinus elliottii had inhibitory components to plant pathogens.The 60% ethanol extracts had notable inhibiting effects on the different fungi tested at 20 mg/ mL.The inhibitory rates of the 60% ethanol extracts on Fusarium graminearum,Alternaria alternate,Alternaria solani,Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.mornordicae were all above 40%.Besides,over 1 hour extraction time and over 70 ℃ extraction temperature will get better antibacteriat effect.


Suppose t = (T,T1,p) is a triple of two countable theories TT1 in vocab- ularies � � �1 and a �1-type p over the empty set. We show the Hanf number for the property: There is a model M1 of T1 which omits p, but M1 ↾ � is saturated is essentially equal to the Lowenheim number of second order logic. In Section 4 we make exact computations of these Hanf numbers and note some distinctions between 'first order' and 'second order quantification'. In p articular, we show that ifis uncountable, h 3 (L!,!(Q),�) = h 3 (L!1,!,�), where h 3 is the 'normal' notion of Hanf function (Definition 4.12.)


We have synthesized the A-B block copolymer with polystyrene as A segment and side-chain liquid crystal (LC) polymer as B segment by a sequential living polymerization. The copolymers were successfully prepared with quantitative yields, possessing the predictable Mn values, compositions, and narrow molecular weight distributions. The thermotropic phase behavior and structures were examined for nine copolymers with the fraction of segments around 50 w% and with the various molecular weights ranged from 8000 to 34000. All the polymers exhibit the well-defined lamellar type of segregation and the side-chain LC segment in the microdomain forms crystal, smectic A (SA) and isotropic phases with increasing temperature. The lamellar segregation is maintained over the whole temperature region from crystal to isotropic phases, and the crystal and SA structures are formed with a preferential orientation to the microdomain interface such that the mesogenic side-chain groups lie parallel to the interface. The lamellar thickness depends on the SA temperatures. It gradually decreases from the value of crystal phase to that of isotropic phase. The reduction is around 20–25%, which can be explained in terms of the change in main-chain conformation of the LC block.


Abstract. The synthesis and characterization of yttria-based organic–inorganic hybrid nanophosphors (HNP) are reported. These materials were synthesized by microwave-assisted solvothermal method in a short time of around 2 h and 30 min without any further thermal annealing. According to x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy measurements, HNP have a lamellar structure formed by interleaved layers of organic species and inorganic yttria species. The luminescent properties of HNP are generated by the presence of Sm3  +   ions, which produced light emission at 570, 610, 650, and 716 nm due to the G5  /  24 to H5  /  26, H7  /  26, H9  /  26, and H11  /  26 transitions, respectively; and a wide broadband centered at 446 nm as a result of the presence of organic species, particularly benzene rings. Hybrid phosphors have tunable luminescent properties as a function of the used excitation wavelength producing blue, white, and red light emission. Those properties are due to the hybrid's absorption properties and the subsequent simultaneous organic and inorganic light emissions.


Novel influenza A virus, subtype H1N1 of swine-lineage, has been transmitted rapidly to many regions of the world. Rapid detection of the virus is essential to instigate appropriate patient care and public health management and for disease surveillance. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of novel influenza A (H1N1) virus in Korea using reverse-transcription real time polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR). Novel H1N1 virus was detected in a total of 8,948 nasopharyngeal samples from patients with influenza-like illness throughout Korea from August to September 2009. RNA was extracted from 300 μ l of sample using an RNA extraction kit (Zymo Research, CA, USA). In the present study, Genekam kit (Genekam, Duisburg, Germany) was used to detect novel H1N1 virus. Novel H1N1 virus was found in 1,130 samples from a total of 8,948 samples (12.6%). The highest frequency was found in 10- to 19-year-olds (M: 29.3% vs. F: 16.4%), followed by 20- to 29-year-olds (M: 17.9% vs. F: 15.4%), 40- to 49-year-olds (M: 6.5% vs. F: 8.1%), 50- to 59-year-olds (M: 6.0% vs. F: 5.5%), and 30- to 39-year-olds (M: 4.6% vs. F: 3.8%). The mean positive rate was higher in men than in women (M: 14.7% vs. F: 7.4%). Novel H1N1 virus showed the lowest prevalence in patients over 60 years old. The positive rate increased daily and showed a significant high peak in mid-September 2009. In 19 provinces of Korea, Cheonan (41.1%), Busan (37.3%), Gangneung (33.3%), Jinju (32.1%), Ulsan (24.6%), Deajeon (23.7%) areas showed high frequencies and other provinces were found less than 10% of novel H1N1 virus. Since reverse-transcription real time PCR assay is rapid, accurate, and convenient, it may assist public health laboratories in detecting novel H1N1 virus. Moreover, these data could be useful for the management of patients with influenza-like illness.


important test for models --energy dependence; comparison of different reactions with the same exchange and different observables in the same reaction --production of higher spin resonances; especially the B and external Regge recurrences --expectations for higher energy data soon to come; especially concerning relative energy dependence of different Reggeons, shrinkage, and line reversed reactions. In prepa~ing this review I looked back at several recent reviews~and rapporteur's talks about high energy particle exchange phenomena and two body reactions. They are noteworthy for extensive treatment of the details of experimental data and the description of data in lots of models, for diligently searching out possible puzzles and contradictions, and for a lack of optimism about our hopes for progress in this field. Hadron exclusive reactions is not a field where questions have simple yes/no answers any more. Rad~ er we have to look for insights to the pattern of much data. The situation appears to be complicated. Even so, I think that there has been slow but steady increase in insight, and that it is appropriate here to try to give a broad overview of the general ideas at hand. In the general survey, rather than present details of many


By constraining the output rate of mobile hosts in a cell via DiffServ configuration mechanisms, it is possible to keep 802.11 networks in a non-saturation state. We present a policy-based management solution for video streaming service provisioning and the system evaluation as a feasible alternative to contribute providing QoS in real time services in wireless environments. A prototype intended for proof of concept has been evaluated in a simulated WLAN making use of real video applications.


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Until the end of HERA operation in June 2007, the H1 and ZEUS experiments collected high quality data sets corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 0.5 fb − 1 each. With these data sets, which comprise electron-proton as well as positron-proton data with longitudinal lepton polarisation of 30-40% for both helicity states, many searches for phenomena beyond the Standard Model have been performed, including both model driven and signature based searches. Since no significant deviations from the Standard Model have been found, preliminary exclusion limits are presented here.


A considerable number of authors presented experiments in which degradation of large scale circulation occurred in regional climate integrations when large-scale nudging was not used (e.g., VON STORCH et al., 2000; BINER et al., 2000; ROCKEL et al., 2008; SANCHEZ-GOMEZ et al., 2008; ALEXANDRU et al., 2009; among others). We here show an earlier 9-member ensemble result of the June-August precipitation difference over the contiguous United States between the "flood year" of 1993 and the "drought year" of 1988, in which the Eta model nested in the COLA AGCM gave a rather accurate depiction of the analyzed difference, even though the driver AGCM failed in doing so to the extent of having a minimum in the area where the maximum ought to be. It is suggested that this could hardly have been possible without an RCM's improvement in the large scales of the driver AGCM. We further revisit the issue by comparing the large scale skill of the Eta RCM against that of a global ECMWF 32-day ensemble forecast used as its driver. Another issue we are looking into is that of the lateral boundary condition (LBC) scheme. The question we ask is whether the almost universally used but somewhat costly relaxation scheme is necessary for a desirable RCM performance? We address this by running the Eta in two versions differing in the lateral boundary scheme used. One of these is the traditional relaxation scheme and the other is the Eta model scheme in which information is used at the outermost boundary only and not all variables are prescribed at the outflow boundary. The skills of these two sets of RCM forecasts are compared against each other and also against that of their driver. A novelty in our experiments is the verification used. In order to test the large scale skill we are looking at the forecast position accuracy of the strongest winds at the jet stream level, which we have taken as 250 hPa. We do this by calculating bias adjusted equitable threat scores (Mesinger 2008) and frequency bias scores for wind speeds greater than a chosen wind speed threshold, with the ECMWF analyses used as truth. We also calculate a traditional RMS difference between the forecast and analyzed winds at this same level. Our results show the Eta RCM skill in forecasting large scales with no interior nudging to be just about the same as and usually even slightly higher than that of the driver model. As to the LBC impact, no disadvantage compared to relaxation was seen from using the Eta scheme, in spite of its requiring information from the outermost RCM boundary only.


The digitization of reality has been recognized to have the potential to revolutionize education and the distribution of course content since its inception over fifty years ago. Unfortunately, the learning curve and the heavy technology infrastructure to run these projects have stymied many applications. Amazon launched a virtual reality (VR) development platform called Sumerian in the summer of 2018. This program works differently than traditional programs because it is web based and can be developed and presented using common Internet browsers. Sumerian is supported by Amazon with in-depth training modules and free introductory accounts. Encouraged by the lowering of these adoption barriers, I required my students in the Fall 2018 to use Sumerian to present their semester papers on block chain applications. MGSC 390 is an undergraduate overview of the use, management and implication of computer-based information systems and is taught as an elective in the Business Analytics Certificate in the Moore School of Business and also as a required course in the joint degree program in the School of Computer Science and Engineering at the University of South Carolina. This duel mandate provides for a population of students from both the business and engineering schools with a wide variance in background and interest. The course is taught at least once a year with a current cap of 60 per section. I use virtual reality to impact the student learning experience on three levels: A. As a tool to support active learning in a virtual environment. B. By adding an experiential component to case studies on Amazon and Amazon's Web Services. C. To provide insight and experience into the technological development, application and distribution of a VR application. This addition to the traditional semester assignment should move a student's understanding of the course's material toward the ultimate ability to Synthesize-Evaluate-Create in terms of Bloom's Taxonomy. The initial stages of Bloom's Hierarchy are described as Remember and Understand which are associated with the active learning techniques of examples and illustrations. The student's exposure to virtual environments would encompass this learning technique. A higher level of understanding is required by Bloom's Apply and Analyze which would be supported by the active learning technique of case study analysis. The level of Synthesize-Evaluate-Create would be supported by the development of a Sumerian application. Sumerian's lower learning curve and fewer technology requirements allowed my students to complete this addition to their semester projects with minimal guidance beyond the Amazon training modules.


: The pandemic caused by the new Sars-Cov-2 coronavirus has affected and has been affecting organizations and individuals at all scales of their lives, denoting the importance of the Family Health Strategy (FHS) in this scenario. The study aims to know through the bibliographic review the importance and possible challenges of the Family Health Strategy in coping with COVID-19. This is a bibliographic review, with an exploratory approach, carried out based on the search for published and indexed articles in LILACS and SciELO databases. The following descriptors and their combinations in Portuguese were used: COVID-19. Family Health Strategy. Pandemic. The development of the


The field survey showed that sex,age,educational level of the workers,and other impacting factors as well as their own career skills and trades were the main factors of the income of migrant workers.The impacts of all factors on the income of migrant workers were analyzed based on one-way ANOVA statistical analysis.And those factors that affected the income of migrant workers and their social significances were discussed.


It is not clear what is the appropriate timing to follow-up patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score >6 between days 3-5 of an appropriate antibiotic treatment. We studied 122 patients with Pseudomonas aeruginosa VAP. A follow-up respiratory sample was collected on days three or five ("day-three" and "day-five" group) and treatment was modified 48h later. Molecular typing identified super-infections or persistence. For serial data another respiratory sample was collected, on day three from the "day-five" group and on day five from the "day-three" group. Sixty patients, in the "daythree" group compared to 62 in the "day-five" group, had reduced fourteen-day mortality (18.3% and 38.7%; p=0.01) and fewer days in intensive care unit (17.2 ± 4.3 compared to 27.3 ± 4.7, p<0.05). Eighteen patients of the "dayfive" group were diagnosed with super-infection and 22 with persistence on day five, of whom 14 and 19 had been having these patterns since day three. For patients with Pseudomonas aeruginosa VAP and Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score >6, improved fourteen-day mortality and shorter duration of stay in health-care facilities were observed with earlier follow-up.


Cardiogenic shock is caused in more than 3/4 of all cases by an acute myocardial infarction. Clinical manifestation of shock presents typically with a delay of up to 12 hours after acute coronary occlusion. Mortality rates in cardiogenic shock range between 50 % and 70 %. Therapeutic options include fastest possible coronary revascularization and effective hemodynamic stabilization. Pharmacotherapy and mechanical circulatory support is recommended for maintenance of sufficient organ perfusion pressure, thus preventing prognosis limiting multi-organ-dysfunction. Dobutamin and nor-epinephrine should be preferred for hemodynamic stabilization according to current guidelines.


We construct a North-South product-cycle model of trade with fully-endogenous growth in which both countries experience unemployment due to union wage bargaining. We show that the existence of labor unions matters for trade liberalization to have any effect on Northern innovation and worldwide growth. We find that unilateral Northern trade liberalization reduces growth and increases unemployment in both countries, while unilateral Southern trade liberalization has the opposite effects. For empirically plausible parameter values, bilateral trade liberalization by equal amounts increases growth and reduces unemployment in both countries. Stronger Northern labor unions hurt both countries by reducing growth and increasing unemployment. However, stronger Southern labor unions exert a positive growth effect for both countries, while decreasing Northern unemployment and increasing Southern unemployment.


From a macro perspective,this paper sets up competitive relationship network models by using complex network and analysis properties of the competitive relationship complex network for China's logistics industry.The results show that competitive relationship networks exhibits the characteristics of small-world and scale-free.Finally,by giving an economics explanation for properties of the competitive relationship networks,this paper points out that complex networks provide a new tool and means to analyze enterprises' competitive relationship and competitive behaviors and for the governments to establish competitive industry policies.


Sie, R., Boursinou, E., Rajagopal, K., & Pataraia, N. (2011). Tweetstorming PLNs: Using Twitter to Brainstorm about Personal Learning Networks. In Proceedings of The PLE Conference 2011. July, 10-12, 2011, Southampton, UK.


This paper describes, from a deterministic view point, an online process monitoring method for small signal behavior of time invariant stable systems at a given operating point. The monitoring is accomplished by using an m-sequence modulated low-pass wavelet as the probing signal, and a cyclic reference signal as the correlator. This method allows one to achieve high resolution, high signal to noise ratio monitoring, and the acquired data can be used for online diagnosis.


Aaron Edwards presents a highly readable account of the Northern Ireland Labour Party. Jon Tonge believes this to be a model study of the party's successes and lows, weaving interviews with former party members with detailed archival trawls.


This paper reports a study of the improvement of English reading ability by the mass recognition of English words. The subjects are 85 English majors of teachers college. The results of the study indicate that the English reading ability of English majors of teachers college was low and there was a rather big gap between the students' reading ability level and that required by the college English teaching curriculum. The results also show that there was a significant positive relationship between the vocabulary proficiency and the reading ability, and difference between male and female students. The female students' vocabulary proficiency was much better than the male students, so was the reading ability.


The objective of this study was to analyze the performance of species-specific equations (SSEs) concerning generic ones in Annual Production Units (GEAPUs) and in a Forest Management Area (GEFMA) in the Brazilian Amazon. A total of 29,119 trees from 43 species were inventoried, harvested, and volumetric measurements were taken in ten APUs, with 10% of this total being separated for validation and comparison of the selected equations. After selection and validation of the equations (GEFMA, GEAPUs and SSEs) they were compared using precision statistics, by contrasting estimated and observed volumes and by residual analysis. Precision statistics were clearly lower for the SSEs. Trend lines near the average observed volume were shown for the SSEs when the estimates were contrasted with the observations. The residuals generated by the SSEs were smaller and statistically different than those of GEFMA and GEAPUs for the majority of cases. The most important commercial species (M. huberi) had its volume overestimated by 10.6, 9.3 and 3.0% when the GEFMA, the GEAPUs, and the SSEs were applied, respectively. Among the species that generally had very large trees, H. petraeum had its volume underestimated by 15.7, 16.6 and 4.4% by the GEFMA, GEAPUs and SSEs, respectively. The greater precision of the SSEs is reflected in better forest management planning decisions with respect to operational and economic aspects. These results show that besides being statistically valid, the SSEs are recommended for obtaining more precise estimates of commercial volume, especially since there is a great demand for reliable estimates for each individual species in forest management areas in the Amazon. 1University of the Midwest of Parana, Irati, Parana State, Brazil, ORCID: 0000-0002-6388-7679a, 0000-0001-99657851b, 0000-0003-4025-9562c, 0000-0002-1685-7864d 2University of Western Para, Santarem, Para, Brazil, 0000-0002-3629-3437a SPECIES-SPECIFIC EQUATIONS: GREATER PRECISION IN COMMERCIAL VOLUME ESTIMATION IN MANAGED FORESTS


We first deal with a new method for quantitative evaluation of the molecular orientation in thin Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) transmission and reflection-absorption (RA) spectroscopy. The method was applied to the study of the 7-monolayer LB film of cadmium stearate. The orientation angle of the hydrocarbon chain axis around the surface normal was found to be 7°, being in good agreement with the average of the previous data obtained by other investigators. Then, we applied the same method to the study of temperature dependence of the molecular orientation in alternate LB films consisting of a phenylpyrazine-containing long-chain fatty acid and deuterated stearic acid, and in the corresponding alternate LB films of their barium salts. At the same time, pyroelectricity of these films was measured on heating the sample, and the results are discussed in connection with the molecular structure and orientation. It was concluded that the pyroelectricity is ascribed to changes of spontaneous polarization due to a structure modification of the polar groups of the constituent molecules with the highly oriented all-trans hydrocarbon chains.


Social policy for older people has had to respond to a series of challenges. The first, and perhaps most significant, of these is a generalized perception of a social policy 'crisis' and the need to reappraise the role of the state. This has been closely associated with an apparent paradigm shift away from state-centred welfarism that emphasised solidarity and aspired to universality. In its place has come a neo-liberal model, which emphasizes individual agency and pluralism, while playing down the role of the public sector. This shift is reflected in international debates about social policies for older people, including pension reform and health care. However, some of the basic precepts underlying this apparent paradigm change are open to question. Revisionists have cast some doubt on claims that western welfare states are inherently inefficient and unsustainable. 1 While social policies in developing countries suffer many shortcomings, they have often contributed to rapid improvements in basic indicators of wellbeing. In fact, few developed countries have profoundly reoriented their welfare policies in response to neo-liberal dictates. In some cases, such as the US, there was little scope for further reducing state involvement in social provision (barring occasional calls for the break-up of Medicare). In others, a strong ideological attachment to state welfarism, and political barriers have precluded a radical overall of social policy. Moreover, the fiscal imperatives of the 1980s have relaxed somewhat since that time. A further reason is that hard evidence that privatized social policies work better than traditional models remains weak and highly contested. By contrast, the paradigm shift has been strongly felt by many developing countries. In these countries fiscal constraints remain acute, and the influence of multilateral organizations such as the World Bank and International Monetary Fund is much larger. The impact has been especially significant in middleincome countries where social policies were already reasonably well-developed, and where there was therefore more to be lost. Whether these changes should be seen as nefarious or 'necessary medicine' remains a matter of heated debate. A second set of challenges relates to the changing social, economic and cultural contexts in which social policies for older people are located. According to Esping-Andersen: 'The contemporary welfare state addresses a past social order … The much greater occupational and life-cycle differentiation that characterises 'postindustrial' society implies also more heterogeneous needs and expectations…Also the welfare state's erstwhile 'model family' is no longer preeminent.' (ref. 2, p. 9) A host of changes including the status of women, in patterns of living arrangements and in the labour market may have profound influences on the needs of older people and how these can be met. The standard modernization thesis posits that older people become increasingly isolated and vulnerable as the result of such changes. 3,4 Research from developing countries shows that 'traditional' social structures, such as extended families and communities are becoming less reliable sources of support for older people than may have been the case in the past. 5 This has led to increased needs for formal income support


This report presents the procedure used in determining the annual cost of various rail types in curved track on a specific railroad's conditions. The procedure is based on evaluating wear profiles, taken in track, of the several rail types under various conditions. The rail types examined were: heat treated, high-silicon, induction hardened, flame hardened, and plain rail of both 115 lb and 132 lb sections. The initial step was to determine wear rates for the various rail types and curvature conditions. From these wear rates it was possible to determine the life of the rails and the resultant annual costs. The report contains a brief review of previous research in this area.


It is shown that, starting from any existing Monte Carlo algorithm for estimation of a physical quantity A, it is possible to implement a simple additional procedure that simultaneously estimates the sensitivity of A to any problem parameter. The corresponding supplementary cost is very low as no additional random sampling is required. The principle is presented on a formal basis and simple radiative transfer examples are used for illustration. ? 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.


Dorsal–ventral (DV) patterning has been extensively studied in vertebrates. Signaling proteins identified in DV development include the bone morphogenetic proteins 2 and 4 (BMP2,4), members of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-b superfamily, which have ventralizing activities, and their antagonists Chordin, Noggin and Follistatin (Thomsen, 1997; Heasman, 1997). Interactions among these signaling proteins appear to establish gradients of BMP activity that are responsible for DV patterning. Twisted gastrulation is a conserved protein that functions with Chordin to antagonize BMP signaling (Ross et al., 2001), indicating the existence of multilayered regulating pathways that govern one of the most fundamental events in vertebrate embryogenesis. Smad proteins mediate the intracellular transmission of BMP signals. Smad proteins can be sorted into three distinct functional classes: receptor-regulated Smad proteins acting as positive mediators of TGF-b superfamily signaling (Smads 1, 2, 3, 5, and 8), global partners of receptor-regulated Smad proteins (Smad 4) and inhibitory Smads (6, 7, and 9) (Whitman, 1997; Kretzschmar and Massagué, 1998). In their inactive states, receptorregulated Smad proteins are cytoplasmic and form homotrimers that are activated by specific TGF-b receptors via phosphorylation of a conserved SSXS motif in their MH2 domains. After phosphorylation, receptor-regulated Smad homotrimers aggregate with trimers of Smad 4 and translocate to the nucleus, where they interact with their cofactors to regulate the transcription of target genes. Biochemical analysis indicates that Ski proteins act as transcriptional co-repressors through interaction with Smads -1, -2, -3, and -4 in cells (Luo et al., 1999; Akiyoshi et al., 1999; Xu et al., 2000; Wang et al., 2000). Altered expression of Ski can lead to oncogenesis (Li et al., 1986; Stavnezer et al., 1986). In a previous study, we showed that there are two paralogues of the ski gene family in zebrafish, skiA and skiB. Overexpression of either gene disrupted gastrulation and resulted in a dorsalized phenotype, suggesting that Ski proteins participate in the DV patterning (Kaufman et al., 2000). Here, we significantly extend the initial conclusions by using a "knockdown" strategy (Nasevicius and Ekker, 2000) to examine the roles of SkiA and SkiB during embryogenesis. Embryos injected with MO-skiA or MO-skiB have enlarged blood islands, expanded caudal somites, reduced or absent notochords, and little or no head structures after 24 h of development (Fig. 1 B–J), similar to the ventralized embryos described by Kishimoto et al. (1997). This confirms that SkiA and SkiB are involved in DV patterning in zebrafish. The level of ventralization was dose dependent and specific for each paralogue, as shown by secondary MOs directed against either skiA or skiB (Table 1). As expected (Nasevicius and Ekker, 2000), control MOs with four-base mismatches to either ski gene gave lower rates of ventralization when used at 60-ng levels (P , 0.0001 for both skiA and skiB) but not at the 10-ng levels (Table 1). However, both four-base mismatched MOs induced ventralization at significantly higher rates (P 5 0.0095) at 60 ng than a random (standard) MO that was used to control for general MO toxicity. At comparable doses, MO-skiB injection generated more severely ventralized embryos than MO-skiA (Table 2). Co-injection of two different MO oligos for the same ski gene synergistically blocked gene expression and caused higher rates and degrees of ventralization (Table 2). We note that at the higher doses of MOs and mRNAs there is considerable lethality. Both agents can be toxic, especially when they affect such a fundamental process as DV patterning. Note that when both mRNA and MOs are injected, some embryos (D/V) have regions


Vetiver is important source of essential oil production in drought region. Responses of Vetiveria zizanioides (vetiver) to drought stress and ameliorative effect of chlormequat chloride, paclobutrazol and ethrel application to drought stressed plants were studied. In the first experiment, relative water content, root yield, oil concentration, khusimol content and oil yield decreased under drought while khusinol and proline concentration increased under drought stress. Ameliorative effects of paclobutrazol and chlormequat chloride were observed in drought stressed plants as root yield, oil concentration and oil yield increased significantly in paclobutrazol treated stressed plants, while oil concentration and khusimol content increased significantly in chlormequat chloride treated stressed plants. In the second experiment oil concentration, and oil yield increased under drought stress and ameliorative effect of chlormequat chloride was observed on oil concentration in drought stressed plants. Changes in physiological traits indicated that paclobutrazol and chlormequat chloride can partially alleviate the detrimental effect of drought.


We define the independence-reducibility based on a modification of key dependencies, which has better computational properties and is more practically useful than the original one based on key dependencies. Using this modification as a tool, we design BCNF databases that are highly desirable with respect to updates and/or query answering. In particular, given a set U of attributes and a set F of functional dependencies over U, we characterize when F can be embedded in a database scheme over U that is independent and is BCNF with respect to F, a polynomial time algorithm that tests this characterization and produces such a database scheme whenever possible is presented. The produced database scheme contains the fewest possible number of relation schemes. Then we show that designs of embedding constant-time-maintainable BCNF schemes and of embedding independence-reducible schemes share exactly the same method with the above design. Finally, a simple modification of this method yields a polynomial time algorithm for designing embedding separable BCNF schemes.


Long‐baseline experiments will play a crucial role in the precision era of neutrino oscillation physics. In this paper we review the ongoing European programme, which is focused on CNGS, and we discuss the opportunities for new facilities based on the CERN acceleration complex.


I first found this aphid at Urbana, Ill., November 16, 1907, common on the ornamental Russian olive tree (Elaeagnus angustifolia). At that time only the sexual forms (wingless oviparous females and winged males) and the jet-black eggs were found, the latter being common on the branches, along and in the axils of the buds. A week later the same species was found on Shepherdia argentea.


The paper argues that something is art only if (i) it belongs to a special kind of internal history and (ii) needs to be understood and appreciated in the light of such history. This goes against both the traditional view that art has a timeless, ahistorical essence and the historicist view that there can be no ahistorical perspective for understanding art. The paper draws on Hegel's view that art needs to be understood through its history, but rejects the idea that the history of art has an end in the double sense of a goal and an end point. It also rejects Arthur Danto's Hegel-inspired claim that the ahistorical essence of art is revealed at the end of its history and opens the door to a natural alliance between philosophers of art and art historians.


Executive Summary Over the last decade, efforts have been made to improve the quality of financial reporting and corporate governance standards prevailing in emerging markets. Even after 20 years of globalization, emerging markets continue to trade as a separate class (Bekaert & Harvey, 2014). On account of a weak regulatory environment, firm-specific information asymmetry is expected to be on the higher side as compared to developed markets. In such an environment, any factors which mitigate information asymmetry may help improve efficiency of information providers such as equity research analysts. The role of equity research analysts is to process financial information and provide estimates which may be used by investors to make informed investment decisions. This study investigates whether the factors which mitigate firm-specific information asymmetry improve analyst target price accuracy in India. We expect sophisticated financial intermediaries such as equity research analysts to produce more accurate target price forecasts for firms with higher frequency of corporate announcements, higher analyst coverage, and higher foreign institutional holdings. Past research suggests that these three factors reduce information asymmetry and this reduction could possibly help analysts produce superior results. Our results show that higher frequency of corporate announcements creates short-term noise which reduces target price accuracy at the end of one-year forecast horizon. Our findings reveal that higher analyst coverage leads to better flow of firm-specific private information and improves target price accuracy anytime during or at the end of one year. We report that higher foreign institutional holding possibly improves stock liquidity, attracting more traders, which eventually leads to better target price accuracy at the end of forecast horizon. Our key finding is that there is a reduction in firm-specific information asymmetry due to the presence of more number of analysts and higher percentage of institutional holding.


The bach ecosystem is a collection of libraries for real-time computer-aided composition in Max, which we started developing around 2010. Over the following years, it has gained a certain momentum within the computer music community as a reactive alternative to the traditional Lisp-based environments. As bach turns ten and becomes open source, it is time to describe not only the features it contains, but also the issues that affect it: after presenting the motivations behind the project, this article details a numbers of choices we regret, along with the solutions we have implemented (or we have planned to implement), in the hope that it may be of interest for bach users puzzled by some apparent and substantial weirdnesses of bach , and of use to people willing to undertake a similar enterprise in the future.


Adaptation and climate risk management is becoming an increasingly important policy discourse in almost all African countries. There is consensus that a response to climate change demands a concerted approach grounded in the principle of collective but differentiated responsibility. However, divergences in the perceived causes of climate change have revealed a deep divide between the developed and developing worlds.
The aim of this paper is to review and assess the existing evidence on the security threat of climate change, with particular reference to Africa. The paper addresses the question to what extent climate change poses a threat to security and conflict in Africa. It further seeks to identify manifestations of climate change, the sectors and regions most likely to suffer from the adverse impacts of climate change, and the associated incidence of conflict.


By using both of mathematical induction and method of undetermined coefficient,it is proved that some univariate equations of higher degree with integral coefficient have unique positive real solution,then the general terms of two nonlinear recurrent sequences are established,which generalize the results in Item 5,Paper One of 1989' National High School Mathematics Competition.


A 3 × 2 × 2 × 10 factorial design (three levels of sociocultural standing by two definition treatments by two item formats by ten analogy items, with repeated measures over items) was used (1) to determine the effects of providing students with definitions on their solutions of analogy items, (2) to determine whether providing definitions has differential effects on students of different sociocultural levels, and (3) to determine where in the solution process of analogy items differences in reasoning occur among students of different sociocultural backgrounds. An attempt was made also to determine whether students' rank orderings of alternative choices on analogy items could be predicted from knowledge of their ranked relatedness of the word pairs contained in the analogy items.


Objective To investigate the influence factors of obstetrics and neonatal outcomes in placental abruption and to investigate the clinical precaution against placental abruption.Method The clinical data of 89 cases with placental abruption were reviewed during Jan 1994 to Dec 2008 in Peking University Third Hospital.There were 52 cases complicated with preeclampsia and 37 cases of unexplained placental abruption.Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the correlation between relevant factors to obstetrics and neonatal outcomes.Results Initial clinical warning signs with abnormalities in ultrasound as a first clinical sign was significantly more in the preeclamptic group than in the unexplained placental abruption group(P=0.039).Abdominal pain as a initial clinical sign was significantly more in the severe cases group than in the mild cases group(P=0.010).The severity of placental abruption:Preeclampsia(P=0.003)and the interval from the onset of the initial clinical sign to delivery(P=0.008)were associated with the severity of placental abruption.Postpartum hemorrhage was associated with the interval from the onset of the initial clinical sign to delivery(P=0.040).Fetal demise was associated with preeclampsia(P=0.016),severe placental abruption(P=0.016)and the interval from the onset of the first clinical sign to delivery(P=0.003).Neonatal asphyxia was associated with the interval from the onset of the first initial clinical sign to delivery(P=0.031).Conclusion Preeclampsia and the interval from the onset of the initial clinical sign to delivery were associated with the severity of placental abruption.Shrinking time interval from the onset of the initial clinical sign to delivery may be able to improve obstetric and neonatal outcomes.


In currently operating commercial nuclear power plants (NPP), there are two main types of nuclear fuel, low enriched uranium (LEU) fuel, and mixed-oxide uranium-plutonium (MOX) fuel. The LEU fuel is made of pure uranium dioxide (UO{sub 2} or UOX) and has been the fuel of choice in commercial light water reactors (LWRs) for a number of years. Naturally occurring uranium contains a mixture of different uranium isotopes, primarily, {sup 235}U and {sup 238}U. {sup 235}U is a fissile isotope, and will readily undergo a fission reaction upon interaction with a thermal neutron. {sup 235}U has an isotopic concentration of 0.71% in naturally occurring uranium. For most reactors to maintain a fission chain reaction, the natural isotopic concentration of {sup 235}U must be increased (enriched) to a level greater than 0.71%. Modern nuclear reactor fuel assemblies contain a number of fuel pins potentially having different {sup 235}U enrichments varying from {approx}2.0% to {approx}5% enriched in {sup 235}U. Currently in the United States (US), all commercial nuclear power plants use UO{sub 2} fuel. In the rest of the world, UO{sub 2} fuel is still commonly used, but MOX fuel is also used in a number of reactors. MOX fuel contains a mixture more » of both UO{sub 2} and PuO{sub 2}. Because the plutonium provides the fissile content of the fuel, the uranium used in MOX is either natural or depleted uranium. PuO{sub 2} is added to effectively replace the fissile content of {sup 235}U so that the level of fissile content is sufficiently high to maintain the chain reaction in an LWR. Both reactor-grade and weapons-grade plutonium contains a number of fissile and non-fissile plutonium isotopes, with the fraction of fissile and non-fissile plutonium isotopes being dependent on the source of the plutonium. While only RG plutonium is currently used in MOX, there is the possibility that WG plutonium from dismantled weapons will be used to make MOX for use in US reactors. Reactor-grade plutonium in MOX fuel is generally obtained from reprocessed irradiated nuclear fuel, whereas weapons-grade plutonium is obtained from decommissioned nuclear weapons material and thus has a different plutonium (and other actinides) concentration. Using MOX fuel instead of UOX fuel has potential impacts on the neutronic performance of the nuclear fuel and the design of the nuclear fuel must take these differences into account. Each of the plutonium sources (RG and WG) has different implications on the neutronic behavior of the fuel because each contains a different blend of plutonium nuclides. The amount of heat and the number of neutrons produced from fission of plutonium nuclides is different from fission of {sup 235}U. These differences in UOX and MOX do not end at discharge of the fuel from the reactor core - the short- and long-term storage of MOX fuel may have different requirements than UOX fuel because of the different discharged fuel decay heat characteristics. The research documented in this report compares MOX and UOX fuel during storage and disposal of the fuel by comparing decay heat rates for typical pressurized water reactor (PWR) and boiling water reactor (BWR) fuel assemblies with and without weapons-grade (WG) and reactor-grade (RG) MOX fuel. « less


Objective:To analyze the cause, diagnosis and treatment of spontaneous perforation of clone and rectum in old people. Method: The clinial information of 56 cases with spontaneous perforation of clone and rectum were retrospectively analyzed. Result: All the 56 cases were more than 60 years old. Most of them were suspected as acute abdomen with no specific clinical manifestation, an early diagnosis is extremely difficult; 14 cases died. Conclusion: The major reasons of spontaneous perforation of clone and rectum are constipation, poor blood supply due to arteriosclerosis of colon, and high incidence of cancer. It is likely to be misdiagnosed. Early exploratory laparotomy, sufficient drainage, and strengthening of monitoring during perioperative period can reduce mortality rate.


The completion of the DNA inventory of a numberof living organisms has invalidated the excuse thatbiology cannot be exact because it is necessarilyincomplete. No longer can the failure of a model toexplain experimental data be attributed to the inter-ference of as yet unknown factors. Any such factorcan become known given sufficient experimentaleffort. In addition, the concentrations of the tran-scripts of


The bright streaks are main defects of aluminium profile surfaces.The causes of bright streaks are analyzed from the die materials,die surface strengthen methods,die designing,ingot quality and extrusion technics.The preventive methods of bright steaks are introduced.


This paper discusses the pulse density modulation (PDM) control methods for a single-phase to three-phase matrix converter (MC) in the high-frequency application. This converter outputs a commercial power grid frequency, i.e. 50 Hz or 60 Hz from the input of several-hundred-kHz frequency. The proposed circuit achieves zero voltage switching operation by using the PDM control method. In this paper, two PDM control strategies are compared between a conventional PDM control method based on space vector modulation (SVM) and the proposed PDM control method, which is combined with SVM and a delta-sigma conversion. Also, the experimental results of the proposed control method will be demonstrated and discussed. As a result, the total harmonic distortion (THD) of the output voltage with the proposed PDM control method is improved to 1.87% from 9.05% of the conventional PDM control method.


Transportation planning continues to be an important aspect of the vitality of the state of Utah. It is anticipated that vehicle miles of travel (VMT) will continue to grow as the population of the state increases. To address this growth in transportation, the Utah Department of Transportation (UDOT) has continued to increase capacity, while taking care of the existing system, making the system work better, and improving safety. To provide a more in depth analysis of potential roadway projects within the Long Range Plan (LRP) process, UDOT desired a method of evaluating projects according to congestion, economics, environmental impacts, and safety. The research performed for this report was done to develop an economic development analysis, including criteria and an evaluation framework. Using a Policy Delphi method, four aggregate criteria and one bonus criterion were recommended: 1) population and education, 2) existing infrastructure, 3) economic attractiveness, 4) tourism, and the bonus: economic choke points. An evaluation framework was also developed.


An experimental seasonal climate prediction system has been developed based on the Coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation model for the Earth Simulator (CFES). Following the well-established system based on the SINTEX-F model, initial conditions for seasonal climate prediction are constructed by strongly nudging sea surface temperature (SST) to observed one. The atmospheric component of CFES has the resolution of T119 in the horizontal and 48 sigma-layers in the vertical with the top level placed at about 3 hPa. The oceanic component has a resolution of 1/2 degree in the directions of both longitude and latitude and 54 levels in the vertical. They are coupled every hour. At this stage, 6-member ensemble 6-month predictions from the 1st day of March, June, September, and December have been conducted from 1983 through 2017, after 32-years of coupled spin-up integration with SST-nudging to the observed climatology. The experimental system exhibits skill in predicting SST variability in the tropical Pacific. Detailed analysis of the prediction skill, including comparison with the SINTEX-F system, will be shown in the presentation.


for DBER Group Discussion on 2013‐04‐04 Presenter, Department(s): Lorraine Males Department of Teaching, Learning, and Teacher Education University of Nebraska‐Lincoln Title: Educative Supports for Teachers in Middle School Mathematics Curriculum Materials: What is Offered and How is It Expressed? Abstract: In this talk I will present the findings from my study of the educative nature of four middle school mathematics curriculum materials. Educative curriculum materials are materials for Grades K‐12 that are "intended to promote teacher learning in addition to students'" (Davis & Krajcik, 2005, p. 3). I particularly investigated the opportunities for teacher learning embedded within four middle school curricular series in the areas of introduction to variable and geometric transformations. Drawing on the work on educative curriculum materials from science education (Davis & Krajcik, 2005) and Systemic Functional Linguistics (Halliday, 1985), I investigated opportunities to learn by examining the content presented (i.e., subject‐matter, pedagogical content, curricula) and certain aspects of the voice (i.e., use of personal pronouns, modality) of teachers' guides. Results indicated that although all four curricular series included content supports, these supports may be insufficient. In addition, the ways in which authors spoke to teachers in the written text may further hinder teachers' opportunities to learn. Implications for curriculum development, teacher education, and research will be discussed. Educative Supports for Teachers in Middle School Mathematics Curriculum Materials: What is Offered and How is it Expressed? Lorraine M. Males Mathematics Education Teaching, Learning, and Teacher Education


Metal containing waste sludge from electronic industrial has been rapidly accumulating due to the surge of global demands for electronic components. This study looks into the feasibility of recycling copper from galvanic waste through hydrometallurgy combining with electrometallurgy process. The parameters of copper selective leaching including types of leaching solution, acid concentrations, and liquid-solid ratios were systematically studied. The optimum selective leaching conditions were 1 M and 2 M sulfuric acid with 24 h leaching duration, 100/1000 g/cc solid-liquid ratio offering copper leach recovery of 42,540 and 45,850 mg/l, respectively. Copper purification was successfully obtained from electrolytic refining process. The effects of electrolysis voltage to the amount and purity of copper cathode were studied. It was found that the optimum parameters for copper purification were using 2 M sulfuric acid with electrolytic voltage of 2.2 V. Under these conditions, the recovery of pure copper was raised up to 92%.


Economic globalization is a powerful factor of vertical and national inequalities, but also of a slow reduction of international horizontal inequalities. Growing inequalities in wealth compounds increasing income inequality. However, the market economy does not work without the support of the states, which, indirectly at least, by establishing the laws favours or supports this situation. Today, the process of globalization has changed the balance of power. The "possessors" have means of communication to support their actions, they justify their wealth through a questionable value system and they continue to develop their wealth at irrational levels of inequality. The runoff theory is only a decoy that justifies the current situation by a better situation for everyone tomorrow. Inter-state organizations are under the orders of liberalism. Companies remain hooked on the idea of maximum profit, by applying violent management rules. The indicators (HDI, Human Development Index or IBN, Index of well-being) and the qualitative expressions of poverty are debatable and testify especially to the durability of this one. The example of poverty in the United States is significant of power relations (sex, territories, gender, etc.)


In order to improve the IT services and make them more accessible, a lot of service supporting platforms are adopted the framework of ITIL. The service desks as the connector between the customers and platforms play a very essential role in the process of Service Support. Incident management is started from the service desh directly or indirectly. Incident management can help the customers to solve their problems and questions as soon as possible and as exactly as possible. The designs of the incident management are various, but the definition of the incident states and the responsibility of the roles are usually vague. This paper will give a design of incident management with well-defined incident states and target-clear responsibilities of the roles.


The target of this paper is twofold: investigating open innovation practices that are used up in French manufacturing industries, and evaluating the impact on firms' innovativeness of those networking abilities in comparison to internal development of competences and to spillovers available in the neighborhood. Concretely, thanks to a huge database on competences for innovation, the paper estimates the impact of different categories of innovative competences (mostly relational ones) on innovative performance. This empirical analysis first shows that if networking abilities are the core innovative competences, strategies to tap into external innovation sources vary across sectors. Second, this work allows to precise the relational competences that firms should develop in order to improve their innovative performance.


Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a chronic condition that is characterized by abdominal pain or discomfort, nausea, vomiting, early satiation and abdominal fullness. The Rome III classification of functional gastrointestinal disorders defines two distinct entities of functional dyspepsia (FD), namely "epigastric pain syndrome" (EPS) and "postprandial distress syndrome" (PDS). Strain rate imaging (SRI) is a new ultrasound modality that is used to give a quantitative measure of deformation. The method was developed to study the cardiac muscle during health and disease. In this doctoral thesis we used SRI to study antral contractions in healthy volunteers and in patients with FD. The original cardiac SRI method was first adjusted to be able to detect signals from slowly contracting tissues. The accuracy of the adjusted method was tested in a rubber phantom mimicking the antral muscular wall in thickness, homogeneity and contraction velocity (paper I). We found that SRI strains agreed well with calculated values for strain when SRI strain was measured as the average over several US beams and the strain sample size was 1.9 mm. The variance was substantial if single samples were used, especially for a small strain sample size (0.8 mm). The results showed low inter and intraobserver variation. With the new parameters acquired from that study, the method was then applied in an ex-vivo porcine antral wall (paper II). The agreement between radial strain values measured by SRI and B-mode, along and across several ultrasound beams, using US frequency 6.7 MHz and strain length (SL) = 1.9 mm was good and it was better than with SL 1.2 mm. The method was then applied on the stomachs of healthy individuals (paper III). 1


Abstract This study provides a formal game that explores how editor reputation and rent seeking play a part in scholarly research that involves regional economic association journals. The game asserts that a regional economic association journal's reputation is determined by the academic reputation of its editor, the academic reputation of the department wherein the journal is housed, and, among other things, rent seeking by scholars. Evidence from the two most prominent regional economic association journals in the United States, namely Economic Inquiry and the Southern Economic Journal, generally support these aspects of the formal game.


There is a tendency to avoid psychiatric medications during pregnancy, but the high prevalence of psychiatric disorders in pregnant women means that women and their physicians must make impromptu decisions regarding the initiation or continuation of drug therapy.


Background: Supporting nursing practice on the discipline's conceptions is currently one of the biggest challenges, which is why it is important to understand nurses' views. Objective: Analyzing hospital nurses' perception of the relevance of the theoretical framework for sustaining their profes-


By showing the effects of geographic mobility for study and labour purposes,the aim of this study is to explain which are the main factors of earning differentialsamong graduates and to estimate the employment probability with relationto different Italian universities and different degree courses. In particular,the report aims at providing an estimate of the effects of geographic mobilityon graduates' earning differentials and employment probabilities by comparingsouthern universities and those in other Italy's areas. In addition, in order tocompare national results with local results, this report includes in the analysis asub-sample of residents in southern regions. Focusing on territorial features anddifferent academic offerings enables to outline incoming and outgoing mobilitypatterns, highlighting the effects of southern human capital migration towardsNorth-Central regions' universities.


In the early part of So Long a Letter, Ramatoulaye bristles feminist as she chastises polygamy, and. by implication, patriarchy that subtends it, and subordinates the woman to the man. She upholds thereafter same patriarchal order as she employs it to her benefit. Further, her narration pits women nnagainst each other; and, through the roles she makes them play, minimizes them in relation to men. This undercuts the initial feminist posturing and claims made for the novel and its author. Besides, the socio-economic context that frames the events narrated gets given a colouring that endorses the neocolonial order plaguing Africa.


Abstract Droughts can be characterized by their severity, frequency and duration, and areal extent. Depth–area–duration analysis, widely used to characterize precipitation extremes, provides a basis for the evaluation of drought severity when storm depth is replaced by an appropriate measure of drought severity. Gridded precipitation and temperature data were used to force a physically based macroscale hydrologic model at 1/2° spatial resolution over the continental United States, and construct a drought history from 1920 to 2003 based on the model-simulated soil moisture and runoff. A clustering algorithm was used to identify individual drought events and their spatial extent from monthly summaries of the simulated data. A series of severity–area–duration (SAD) curves were constructed to relate the area of each drought to its severity. An envelope of the most severe drought events in terms of their SAD characteristics was then constructed. The results show that (a) the droughts of the 1930s and 1950s wer...


Owing to its good flame-retardant effect, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were widely added to electronic, electrical appliances, as well as textiles and chemical products. Decabromodiphenyl Ether (BDE-209) is one class of PBDEs which was most demanded in international market. To illustrate the possible function of BDE-209 on rat liver, hepatic cells were expose to BDE-209 with different concentrations (1, 2, 4, 8, 16 mg•L-1) in vitro, the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the levels of DNA-protein crosslinks (DPC) were investigated. The results indicated that: with the BDE-209 exposure concentrations increased, MDA content and DPC coefficient increased gradually, showed almost the same trend. Significant difference was observed in both MDA content and DPC coefficient in the 4 ，8 and 16 mg•L-1 (P<0.05) groups compared to the control group, while extremely significant difference was observed in the 16 mg•L-1 groups (P<0.01). Moreover, MDA content has a good dose-response relationship with the BDE-209 exposure concentrations(R=0.995, P<0.05), so does DPC (R=0.996, P<0.05). The results suggested that the BDE-209 exposure can cause oxidative stress and genetic toxicity to rat liver, demonstrating hepatotoxic effect as well as genetic effect to the body.


In foreign language teaching in colleges, British and American literature is a key course. In this paper, we first described the literature status of English curriculum system in colleges and universities, then based on the analysis of British and American literature teaching mode of quality education, puts forward some corresponding measures. General education, as a universal education for all students, is an important part of education reform. In the general education system of colleges and universities, the setting up of foreign language courses plays an important role and value. British and American literature is an important part of foreign language teaching, but also an important way to improve students' humanistic quality.


Recommender systems have become an essential tool for providers and users of online services and goods, especially with the increased use of the Internet to access information and purchase products and services. This work proposes a novel recommendation method based on complex networks generated by a similarity-popularity model to predict ones. We first construct a model of a network having users and items as nodes from observed ratings and then use it to predict unseen ratings. The prospect of producing accurate rating predictions using a similarity-popularity model with hidden metric spaces and dot-product similarity is explored. The proposed approach is implemented and experimentally compared against baseline and state-of-the-art recommendation methods on 21 datasets from various domains. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method produces accurate predictions and outperforms existing methods. We also show that the proposed approach produces superior results in low dimensions, proving its effectiveness for data visualization and exploration.


It proposes a path following control strategy for intelligent vehicles under extreme conditions based on feedback linearization and linear quadratic regulator (LQR). Firstly, the vehicle dynamics model and the vehicle kinematics model are established, and the affine nonlinear vehicle system model under the extreme condition is established by these two models. Second, the complex nonlinear vehicle system model is linearized using the feedback linearization method to obtain a simpler linear system model. Finally, according to the obtained linear vehicle system model, the LQR method is used to design the tracking controller to obtain the optimal control input, so as to ensure the stability of the system and the optimality of the target, and realize the intelligent vehicle path tracking. To affirm the effectiveness of the tracking method, a series of Carsim/Simulink co-simulation experiments are carried out. The results show that the effects of path tracking combined with feedback linearization and LQR are significantly better than the other two methods, thus the path tracking method proposed in the paper is effectively verified.


Three different types of nanoparticles were synthesised in this study, viz silver (Ag), zinc oxide (ZnO) and titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) using different chemical methods. These materials were then characterised using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy (FTIR), Ultraviolet Visible Spectroscopy (UV-Vis) and Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA). The materials were also tested for anti-bacterial activity. TEM showed that the particles were in the nano-size range (1 – 100 nm). FTIR and UV-Vis Spectroscopy showed the different absorption bands of the synthesised nanoparticles, respectively. Silver nanoparticles showed greater antibacterial activity against several bacteria than titanium dioxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles. The highest inhibition was observed for Klebsiella pneumoniae . The results showed that antimicrobial activity of nanoparticles increases with increasing concentration of the nanoparticles. Copyright © 2017 VBRI Press.