11,22) That is, when the shear rate was increased in the low-shear-rate region, the viscosity increased to a maximum value and then decreased, showing shear thinning behavior. However, the viscosity showed no specific behavior for decreasing shear rates, when the sample experienced a high shear-rate. In the case of some biological Aqueous solutions of xanthan, which is produced by Xanthomonas campestris , are used as viscosity control agents for various food materials. The viscosity is dependent on the environmental conditions affecting the xanthan macromolecule. Moreover, the viscosity frequently depends on the methods used to measure the shear rate during operation. For practical applications of xanthan solutions, the background of this phenomenon should be made clear. The solutions used in this study were prepared by dissolving xanthan in water or in an aqueous salt solution (NaCl, 1 M). The viscosity was then measured using a rotational viscometer. For the aqueous solution of xanthan, the viscosities measured at increasing shear rates showed shear thickening in the low-shear-rate region. On the other hand, no discrepancy between the behaviors was observed when xanthan was dissolved in the salt solution. This paper discusses the aforementioned viscosity behavior using a dispersion model of polymers with contact sites for the solutions.


Purpose – This paper aims to look at the development of the National Library of Uganda since its establishment in 2003 and what factors have influenced this development.Design/methodology/approach – Ugandan parliamentary records and government papers have been used to trace the path of library development in Uganda from the 1920s to 2002 when the National Library bill was discussed and subsequently passed in Parliament. Detailed analysis is made of the National Library Act, 2003 and the establishment and development of the institution since then. Various sources on library services in Africa, and Uganda in particular, have also been consulted. The writer also draws on personal experience gained from working for the institution.Findings – Many national libraries in Africa for historical reasons, convenience and because of limited resources play the dual role of legal deposit centres and public library services. The National Library of Uganda's role is slightly different in that it was established to collec...


How Social Media Affects the Annual Fund Revenues of Nonprofit Organizations by Kelley L. Malcolm MS, Walden University, 2010 BS, Slippery Rock University, 1999 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Public Policy and Administration


Marketing instructors are faced with an array of subject material from a wide variety of sources. These sources can be broadly grouped into three spheres of influence: the researcher, the teacher, and the practitioner. This article considers these three influences as elements along two dimensions, contribution and conduct. It explores the problems faced by instructors as they attempt to present a balanced view of a specific topic in class. This marketing trifid, asithas been termed, is illustrated using the concept of marketing orientation and is equally applicable to other theoretical concepts.


Abstract : The report deals with the following areas of study related to vasoactive agents and fluid therapy in shock: (1) The effects of beta- adrenergic receptor stimulation on blood flow, oxidative metabolism and survival in hemorrhagic shock (dose--response relationships in differing circumstances, survival studies with continuous Isoproterenol infusion, oxygen consumption and excess lactate with Isoproterenol); (2) Hepato-splanchnic lymph production with hydrocortisone treated endotoxin shock; (3) The ventilatory response to hemorrhage (alterations in the response of ventilation to carbon dioxide, studies in awake animals, carotid sinus denervation and vagal-sympathetic trunk division); (4) Dynamic alterations in the volume of distribution of anions in hemorrhagic hypotension and hypoxemia; (5) The hemodynamic and metabolic effects of lactated Ringer's solution in hemorrhagic shock.


Chitosan coated bentonite were prepared from bentonite using chitosan as modified agent by using the microwave modified technology,which was applied in treatment of high turbidity steel and iron wastewater. Processing conditions were optimized with the orthogonal experiment. The processing effect were compared among bentonite,Chitosan and chitosan coated bentonite in the treatment. The results were shown that the removel rates of using chitosan coated bentonite was higher than bentonite and chito-san.With the conditions that the dosage of chitosan coated bentonite is 4.0 g·L-1,the partical size at 0.150 mm,pH is at 12.0,mixing time is 10 min and mixing speed is 100 r·min-1,the effluent of turbidity wastewater is 6.0~7.0 NTU and turbidity removal rate is above 99.9%. The effluent quality was met to requirements of the Standard of "Recycle water requirements quality as cooling water".


ABSTRACT The paper presents the project entitled Neighbours with a Go-Between that was carried out by the University of Klagenfurt (Austria) and the University of Ljubljana (Slovenia) between 2016 and 2019, combining indirect literary translation and intercultural communication. Based on the analysis of student reports, the study shows how the task of collaborative indirect literary translation helped form a temporary community of practice, which in turn enabled the crossing of several types of boundaries and fostered intercultural learning.


The general purpose of this study is to investigate the possibility of an almost completely automated syntactic analysis of a given text of a known language. This has in itself some theoretical linguistic interest, and to the extent that it succeeds, it will save a large amount of labour in relation to automated indexing and translation, etc.. One step in this analysis is to count the occurrences of all wordforms of the text, not for statistical purposes, but for the purpose of selecting a list of highly frequent word-forms for which the labour of adding syntactic information before the automated analysis is most fruitful. This list contains some substance words for which the syntactic information mainly consists of assigning a word class; this helps the automated analysis just because the words are frequent; they appear in many periods of the text. But mostly the list contains structural words (prepositions, pronouns, adverbs, auxiliary verbs, etc.); without information on the syntactic function of these words it is usually impossible to analyse a text at all. Another step in the investigation the one with which this paper deals is the automated utilization of the morphological information contained in the text: a search of the implicit information on word class and syntactic function which is given by the knowledge that two or more word-forms are flexions of a common stem.


Effect of the Boron Content on the Amorphization Process and Magnetic Properties of the Mechanically Alloyed Fe 92-x Nb 8 B x Powders T. Chabi 1 , N. Bensebaa 1 , S. Alleg 1 , S. Azzaza 1 , J.J. Sunol 2 and E. K. Hlil 3 1 Laboratoire de Magnetisme et Spectroscopie des solides, Departement de Physique, Faculte des Sciences, Universite Badji Mokhtar B.P. 12, 23000 Annaba, Algerie. 2 Departament De Fisica, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17071 Girona, Spain. 3 Institut NEEL, CNRS, Universite Grenoble Alpes, 25 Rue des Martyrs BP 166, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France. Abstract The effect of the B content on the microstructural, structural and magnetic properties of partially amorphous Fe 92-x Nb 8 B x (x = 5, 10, 15 and 20) alloys has been investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, high and low temperature extraction-type magnetometers. The XRD results reveal the formation of a nanocomposite structure where nanocrystalline bcc α-Fe and Fe 2 B phases are embedded into an amorphous matrix. The FeB boride is observed for higher boron content (x = 15 and 20), and the crystallite sizes are in range of 7-24nm. As the B content increases, the amorphous phases-relative proportion and coercivity increase, whereas the saturation magnetization decreases. An important magnetic hardening occurs by lowering the temperature from 400 to 5 K for x = 20% B. the variation of the Curie temperature can be attributed to the heterogeneity of the amorphous matrix. Keywords: Nanocrystalline materials; Mechanical alloying; Fe-Nb-B alloys; X-ray diffraction; Magnetic properties.


This article is devoted to the formation of the project competence of future teachers in university environment. Theoretical analysis of the concept of «project» allowed to determine its structure. When defining the concept of «project activity» the author identified the role of a teacher and a student in implementation of the project. Based on the analysis of the research, the distinctive features of the project method and project-based learning were identified. On their basis, the need to address issues of project competence of future teachers is motivated by their implementation in higher educational institutions, as well as indicators and requirements for the training of pedagogical personnel are characterized.


To the Editor: Nasal septal abscess is described as a collection of purulence between the nasal septum and the mucoperichondrium or mucoperiosteum. To date, this condition has not been reported as a complication of ulcerative colitis (UC). Here we present a patient with UC accompanied by a nasal septal abscess which resolved with abscess drainage as well as steroid therapy. This is the first case report of a nasal septal abscess in a patient with UC to the best of our knowledge. A 34-year-old woman was admitted to otorhinolaryngology clinic with complaints of a 2-week history of nasal ache, difficulty with nasal breathing, and fever. The nasal examination of the patient at presentation in the Ear, Nose, and Throat Clinic revealed nasal soft tissue swelling compatible with a nasal septal abscess (Fig. 1). After drainage of the abscess, she was treated with appropriate empiric antibiotics as well as abscess drainage several times for 2 weeks, although blood and abscess cultures were negative. However, the abscess did not resolve with drainage and antibiotics. She consulted our clinic for bloody diarrhea up to 8 times a day for 3 weeks. In her past medical history she had pan-UC for 12 years. She was under treatment with only 5-aminosalicylic acid products. Physical examination showed minimal diffuse tenderness of the abdomen without rebound and defense. Stool examination revealed white blood cells, red blood cells, no ova, or parasites. Entamoeba histolytica antigens in stool was negative. Colonoscopic examination revealed that all of the colonic mucosa was erythematous, granular, and friable. It had exudates and macroscopic ulcers. Histopathological findings were compatible with UC. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate was 75/hour, C-reactive protein 167 mg/L. Other laboratory findings were normal. A direct radiograph of the patient was normal. Based on the clinical and laboratory findings of the patient, the diagnosis was suspected to be an acute aseptic nasal septal abscess associated with active UC. She was therefore treated with 1 mg/kg/day of oral prednisone. After 7 days of steroid therapy the abscess resolved and active colitis has been in remission. Also, acute phase reactants normalized after 5 days. UC is a chronic idiopathic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract involving the large bowel. Patients with UC usually present with extraintestinal manifestations affecting the skin, eyes, mouth, joints, and liver. Many complications that parallel disease activity frequently improve with successful treatment of the UC. Although many complications have been described in patients with UC, a nasal septal abscess associated with UC has not been reported before. Many extraintestinal complications of UC (e.g., pyoderma gangrenosum) can resolve with steroid treatment, particularly severe cases. In conclusion, in patients presenting with active UC and nasal symptoms, aseptic nasal septal abscess should be kept in mind as an extraintestinal manifestation of UC, especially pan-UC.


In recent years, the Web is "deepened" rapidly and users have to browse quantities of Web sites to access Web databases in a specific domain. So, to build an unified query interface which integrates query interfaces of a domain to access various Web databases at the same time becomes a very important issue. In this paper, the schema characteristics of query interfaces and common attributes in a same domain are firstly analyzed, and it also gives a new representation of query interface, then the definition of "Form term" and "Function term" are proposed ,and a new similarity computing algorithm, literal and semantic based similarity computing (LSSC) is proposed, which is based on the two definitions. Secondly, a clustering algorithm for Deep Web query interfaces is given by combining LSSC and NQ algorithm: LSSC-NQ. Finally, experiments show that this algorithm can give accurate similarity computing, and cluster query interfaces efficiently, reliably and quickly.


Over the past four decades, the United States has invested heavily in highways and airport improvements, and in general has opted not to develop intercity passenger rail service. Over the same period, by contrast, Europe and Japan have committed large sums of money to developing high-speed guided ground transportation and building extensive new high-speed rail networks. The United States launched a high-speed ground transportation (HSGT) initiative in the mid-1960s and abandoned it in the mid-1970s. Now the Clinton administration proposes to support HSGT development, but the level and type of support remains to be worked out. This paper explores the prologue to and current prospects for HSGT development in the United States.


Summary form only given. This study focuses on the concept of "project success," and investigates the factors that determine project success. Through the review of the literature on the subject and the experiences inherent in the public enterprises in Turkey, a set of critical success factors for projects are re-determined. These factors are analyzed by using a hierarchical decision model that uses data from a survey conducted among the engineers and scientists in the compatible public enterprises in manufacturing, transportation and energy/mining industries which are chosen due to their distinct features. The findings provide the relative importance of the critical success factors. These outcomes are then analyzed for four different situations, and some hypotheses are tested.


In order to form a type of bus rear side covering,the characteristic of the part was analyzed and then the forming surface,technological addendum and binder surface were designed.A 3D model was established and the stamping process was simulated by using CAE software Dynaform.The study on the forming limit diagram,principal strain diagram and thinning diagram helps predict the cracking,wrinkling,thinning and other problems in the forming process,and assess the surface figure and formability of the sheet metal.The die structure was developed based on the above analytical data and the assembly interference was examined.The application makes the design mistakes dropped to a minimum level.


This paper is an introduction for communication satellite constellation, which is currently being studied by KAI(Korea Aerospace Industries, LTD) as a preliminary model. The main purpose is to explore operation concept, core design and manufacturing technologies.


Various pacing technologies have been developed during the past 50 years since the first pacemaker was implanted in 1958. Dual-chamber pacing, rate responsiveness, programmable and rate-responsive atrioventricular (AV) intervals, alternative-site pa0cing, and new multichamber pacing devices are all attempts to mimic normal cardiac physiology as much as feasible. The categories of alternative-site and multichamber pacing will not be addressed in this review. The term physiologic pacing refers to dual-chamber (DDD and DDDR) and atrium-based pacing (AAI and AAIR) in contrast to the ventricle-based mode of pacing (VVI and VVIR). Both AAI/R and DDD/R pacing preserve the synchrony of atrial and ventricular contraction, and therefore resemble the normal cardiac function more closely than does VVI/R pacing. Despite this physiological superiority of AAI and DDD pacing, VVI pacemakers are still used in a large proportion of patients with sick sinus syndrome. Physician's reluctance toward implantation of more physiological pacemakers may be related to difficulties with implantation of an atrial lead, the higher device cost of DDD units, and the more complex programming and follow-up of such pacemakers. Moreover, the lack of large-scale prospective randomized trials to document which pacing mode is superior probably also contributes significantly.


ABSTRACT What in this article is called 'the policing of alcoholics' was a process involving several agents and institutional bodies, including but not limited to, officials and at the alcoholics' institutions, regional and local temperance boards, police authorities and local poor-law boards as well and several others. For the welfare state in the making, the recalcitrant and morally depraved alcoholic represented an anomaly, someone who did not really belong to society. Policing was in the last instance legitimated by the role it played in the process of creating a new social order. The early welfare state should not mainly be seen as a form of 'liberal' governance but as a state formation where a continuity with older forms of governance, i. e. policing, existed. The empirical material for this article is taken from the alcoholics' institution at Svartsjö in the late 1930s and early 1940s. By being subjected to the workings of the power apparatuses in institutions like these, an undifferentiated mass of vagrants, beggars, drunkards, petty criminals, and unruly and socially troublesome people were transformed into a new welfare category, the alcohol abusers. Importantly, this was a process to which the alcohol abusers, through their resistance, also contributed.


An invaluable resource for students and teachers of children's literature, this book covers Newbery's work and achievements as a publisher and bookseller.


A WORD ALTERABLE ROM (1024x4 P-channel nonvolatile memory) will be described. It can be used as a block erasable programmable ROM or as a word alterable RAM. Erase and write times are variable depending on the application and data retentivity required. A prime objective is microprocessor system compatibility. All address, data, control and clock lines are TTL compatible with pull-up resistors t o +5V. Input address, data and control lines are latched. Data outputs hold for the duration of the Chip Enable clock and then return to an open circuit condition for operation on a common data bus. Access time is 650 ns.


Postcolonialism is a literary discourse that is based upon the consciousness resisting against the colonial age before the Second World War and the new colonial age after it, while appropriating postmodernism theories. It is especially appropriate for analyzing the colonial realities and the wills to overcome those realities that are reflected in the literary texts of Korea, a once-colonized country. Examples of those analyzing efforts are Park Nohae's cultural resistance in English Conversation, Lim Hwa's ambivalence in Romanticism in the Strait, Moon Byungran's criticism of orientalism in Coca Cola, Kim Namju's subaltern in Thinking of a Port Lady, and Ko Junghee's writes back in The Lord's Prayer for the New Age. Postcolonial approaches can be taken for such texts, other than those above, as the works that are related to colonial realization, written under Japan's rule of Korea, and those that contain the spirits of resisting blind introduction of American and European cultures into Korea. There have been some researches about postcolonial texts, but it is time for more detailed and in-depth studies that appropriate various methodological tools. It is further suggested that postcolonial literary history, including anti-colonial texts, should be written, once research works sufficiently accumulated.


Following the global trend of climate change mitigation, Japan has been rapidly increasing its share of renewable energy, in particular, its share of solar energy. However, Japan has limited flat land area that is suitable for solar photovoltaic (PV) power generation and a high risk of natural disasters. There is a possibility that some of its newly built solar power plants are located in areas where landslides and floods are likely to occur. Therefore, it is important to study the locations for solar PV from the perspective of disaster risk management. Previous studies have reported a number of incidents where solar PV installations were damaged as a result of natural disasters. One study utilized geographical analysis technology to reveal the overlapping of solar PV powerplant locations and disaster-prone areas in Fukuoka prefecture in Japan. However, to our best knowledge, no previous research about the solar PV locations' hazard risks has been done on a national scale. This paper investigates the risks stemming from landslides and floods for the existing solar PV power plants in Japan. We compare the geographical data of disaster risks in Japan with the location data of solar PV power plants to investigate the number of solar PV power plants located in disaster risk areas. Our results show that the shares of medium and large-scale solar PV power plants located in areas where landslides and floods are likely to occur are about 8.5 and 9.1% respectively.


Ultrafast transmission electron microscopy is a promising laser-pump electron-probe technique, which allows for studying ultrafast dynamics with both high spatial and temporal resolution [1]. Besides, the high spatial and temporal coherence of the pulsed electron beam enables a coherent manipulation of the free-electron quantum state [2] by inelastic scattering in optical near-fields [3-5]. Upon traversal of an intense optical near-field, the free-electron kinetic energy spectrum develops sidebands that are separated by the photon energy, which can be attributed to a sinusoidal phase modulation of the electron wavefunction. This coherent electron-light interaction opens up the new research field of free-electron quantum optics.


The apparatus includes a sensing room set in a main room for containing rinse, the sensing room having an opening into which the rinse is introduced, a magnet which floats according to the level of rinse, the magnet being inserted into the sensing room, and a magnet sensor generating an electric signal informing the shortage of rinse by sensing the magnet when the magnet descends below a predetermined height, thereby sensing the amount of rinse automatically and indicating the shortage of rinse.


This report is the result of four months of research carried out in Northern Thailand and forms the intermediate phase of the Natural Resources Institute (Overseas Development Administration) research programme entitled Tree Resources and Environmental Policy: Stakeholders and Trade-oHs. In the first two chapters, the research objectives and programme of work are described in detail. The main aim was to determine the issues involved in formulating fair, workable management policies for forests and forest resources in general, using Northern Thailand as an example. This was to be achieved in collaboration with Thai universities and other institutions, notably the Royal Project Foundation and the Highland Agricultural Development Division (HADD), and by interviews and discussions with local forest dwellers at one end of the spectrum and government officials at the other. In the third chapter, details of the geography, economy, agriculture, population and tree resources of Northern Thailand are given, and in chapter four, past, present and future forest management policies are discussed; particular attention is paid to the Thai Forestry Sector Master Plan which was formulated in 1990. The work of the Royal Project and the HADD is summarized in chapter five and in chapter six, a comprehensive report of a case study undertaken in Mae Pam (Chiang Mai province) is presented; this includes details of the local geography, socio-economy and tree resources, and of the conflicts which arise between different ethnic groups over resource scarcity. Much attention is paid to the ways in which the people who live and work in the forest perceive their environment and the changes which are taking place within it. Recommendations for future management policies and future research are made in the concluding chapter.


In order to obtain new ways of weak signal detection, we analyzed the motion states of nonlinear dynamic model Duffing oscillator in the case of different amplitude of input signals by solving the Duffing equation and expounded the basic principles of weak signal detection based on Duffing oscillator phase-change characteristics, further illustrated the relationship between signal detection accuracy and detection time by the experimental, researched the impact on signal detection coming from Gaussian white noise and also pointed out how to use intermittent chaos state to implement weak signal detection. The results showed that Duffing oscillator can be effectively detect the slight changes of input signal in the strong noises background, so as to achieve the purpose of weak signal detection. Compared with existing methods, it could greatly improve the detection results.


Abstract. Underwater robots equipped with a single forward-looking camera usually have a very limited visual range or field-of-view (FOV) due to the light absorption and scattering effects in the underwater environment, which greatly limit their applications for underwater video-based inspection, navigation, and so on. Although underwater robots using multicamera imaging systems can achieve wide FOV of surroundings, parallax distortion and time-consuming stitching computation are encountered, especially for short-distance observation. To overcome these problems, we present a fast multicamera video-stitching algorithm based on adaptive adjustment of image transformation matrix between adjacent images. The proposed method uses a fast and adaptive optimization algorithm to search the optimal parameters of transformation matrix that can minimize the parallax distortion due to short-distance imaging and maximize the matching degree between adjacent overlapping image areas. The advantage of the proposed stitching method lies in that it avoids the complex and time-consuming computations for feature-point extraction and matching. The experimental results show that the proposed method can construct multicamera-based wide FOV video effectively and meets the real-time requirement of wide FOV video observation for both indoor and underwater scenes.


The purpose of this research is to know the significance of tangible influence, reliability responsiveness, assurance and empathy to customer satisfaction at Bank Mandiri. The population in this study were Bank Mandiri customers in November 2019 when the study was taken a number of 100. Techniques to take samples done by convenience sampling. Analytical techniques in this study consisted of, instrument testing, classical assumption test, multiple linear regression analysis, t test, F test and R2 test. The result of this research proves that tangible and reliability have positive and significant influence on satisfaction, responsiveness and assurance have positive and insignificant effect to satisfaction, while emphaty have negative and insignificant effect on satisfaction. The result of F test shows that tangible, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and emphaty variables significantly influence customer satisfaction variable. The result of R2 test (coefficient of determination) is known that tangible, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and emphaty variable are able to explain 61,9% to satisfaction variable.


System that includes an implantable medical device (IMD). IMD includes an implantable sensor operable to generate an electrical signal representative of the mechanical activity of the heart of a subject, and a controller circuit coupled to the sensor. IMD likewise includes a heart sound sensor interface circuit for generating a heart sound signal, and a tachyarrhythmia detector, and a controller circuit. The controller circuit determines that the onset of at least one ventricular tachyarrhythmia is detected in a subject, and configured to obtain a measurement of the hemodynamic stability of ventricular tachyarrhythmia from the heart sound signal including the hemodynamic stability assessment module.


Polymeric surfactant was prepared from polyoxyethylene methylether (POE, 66 wt%) and styrene (St, 34 wt%) in the presence of benzoyl peroxide as initiator using a macroradical polymerization technique. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and 1HNMR were used to confirm the formation of graft copolymer. The cloud point for the obtained graft copolymer was found to be 75°C. The stabilizing efficiency of this nonionic copolymer as surfactant was tested in the emulsion polymerization of vinyl acetate and styrene monomers in the presence of potassium persulfate (K2S2O8) as initiator. The rate of polymerization was found to be proportional to the 0.9th and 0.76th power of initiator concentrations, and to the 0.77th and 0.66th power of the surfactant concentrations for vinyl acetate and styrene monomers, respectively. The apparent activation energies were found to be 69.13 and 50.27 kJ/mol for emulsion polymerization of vinyl acetate and styrene, respectively.


Abstract : This monograph analyzes military escalation and intrawar deterrence by examining two key wars where these concepts became especially relevant - the 1973 Arab-Israeli War and the 1991 Gulf War against Iraq. Intrawar deterrence is defined as the effort to control substantial military escalation during an ongoing war through the threat of large-scale and usually nuclear retaliation should the adversary escalate a conflict beyond a particularly important threshold. The deep contrasts between the 1973 and 1991 dangers of escalation underscore the range of problems that can occur in these types of circumstances.


The problem of accurate determination of the position, orientation and width of involute spur gear teeth using a single front-lit image is addressed. The information is used to compute global measures of tooth concentricity and pitch variations across a gear wheel. The approach is based on the use of specialised filters which make maximum use of the grey level information available in the image. Tooth location consistent to ±0.04 pixels has been achieved in realistic images.


The 'Niagara Rosada' grape is the main Brazilian table grape belonging to the Labrusca family. It develops medium, cylindrical and compact bunches with berries presenting a pinkish skin and a foxy flavor that is valued in the Brazilian market. These berries are tender and have a pedicel-berry connection provided by the vascular bundles and surrounding skin. This cultivar is very susceptible to berry drop mainly caused by vibration and senescence. The objective of this study was to evaluate the temporal mechanical behavior of the pedicel-berry detachment, using resistance indexes extracted from traction force-deformation curves. Test results showed two different detachment types. In the first one, which exhibited higher average resistance, a considerable portion of the vascular bundle came out attached to the pedicel and in the second type; the vascular bundle was retained inside the berry. The proposed indexes based on maximum detachment force, force at 0.2; 0.5; 1.0 and 1.2 mm, and maximum force to corresponding deformation ratio did not discriminate the senescence of the berry.


The Italian version of the U.S. NEXT program is described. The program was defined to contribute a substantial improvement in radiation protection when using X-rays in medical diagnostics. Practical suggestions for selecting installations to be controlled and specific instructions for data collection are given. A computational technique for dosage estimation is presented and computer outputs are explained.


The aim of this paper is to trace the process of the cult of the Virgin of Copacabana in the Viceroyalty of Peru, focusing on the role it played in the miracle, and from wich place, or places, the cult was developed and re-developed. For this, we attempt to identify the actors involved in the creation and dissemination of the cult and their respective interests and objectives, and also, who were involved in the miraculous events attributed to the Virgin image.


The internationally circulated Pool Critical Assembly (PCA) Pressure Vessel Benchmark was analyzed using the PENTRAN Parallel Sn code system for the geometry, material, and source specifications as described in the PCA Benchmark documentation. This research focused on utilizing the BUGLE-96 cross section library and accompanying reaction rates, while examining both adaptive differencing on a coarse mesh basis as well as Directional Theta Weighted Sn differencing in order to compare the calculated PENTRAN results to measured data. The results show good comparison with the measured data as well as to the calculated results provided from TORT for the BUGLE-96 cross sections and reaction rates, which suggests PENTRAN is a viable and reliable code system for calculation of light water reactor neutron shielding and dosimetry calculations. (authors)


The pesent jpaper, deals with, the female of Hetergnychia curvifomoralis which described by Li Rong, 1980 only in male.Female: Body length 8.0mm, Frntal bristles 6- 7; outer vertical bristles longerthan ones of male. Frons widely separated about 1/3 the width of head; width of interfrontalis about 1(1/3) times that of a parafrontal. Costal spine developed Mid-femoral organ at 1/3 apical end of f2, f3 with 5-6 pv, only 3 developted,t2 With 3. ad, f3. with 5 ay and 7 pv, t3 not bent and with 2 av. Other general characters similar to thoseof the male. Female terminalia as shown in figs. 1-5. LotaEty: 1♀, 5♂♂, Guilin (Mt. Diecai), Guangxi, 18. Ⅷ; 1982 collected by Ye Zong-mao; 1♂ Anshun (Taodui-zhai), Ⅵ. 1984, 1♂, Ziyun Ⅶ, 1984, 2♀♀ 2♂♂, Pinba (Mt. Tiantai), Guizhou Province, 26. Ⅷ. 1985, all specimens collected by Wei Lian-meng.


The article describes the current state of science in Ukraine, indicated the main directions of research funding. The methodological approach of working out of the project-oriented strategy of innovative development of scientific activity, including the implementation of international trends and support of research is proposed. Using of a project-oriented approach of research activities due to the need of reducing of the research cycle and strengthen expenditure control capabilities due to restrictions of funding research projects from the state. It should be noted that the structuring of research, given the project approach, allows engaging of the implementation of the research project professionals with good knowledge and skills and create a team activity focused on quality results. Innovations aren't still properly means the improvement of competitiveness in Ukraine. Thus, the problem of transition to an innovative development model retains its relevance, that significantly enhanced in the light of current external and internal trends. Using of the project-oriented innovation management due to the need to shorten the cycle of research and to strengthen the control over the expenditure of funds in connection with the limited funding of scientific research by the state.


Flavonoids which constructed by 2-phenylchromone is a natural low-molecular and photosynthesis product. Hydroxyl, hydroxyl-oxygen connected with 2-phenylchromone and formed various flavonoids. The basic character of flavonoids is that they have anti-oxidative activities. This paper reviewed the relationship between flavonoids structure and anti-oxidation activity and measurements for flavonoids anti-oxidation.


This paper first inverts a general class of matrices for solving Bertrand equilibria from arbitrary coalition structures in linear Bertand oligopolies. It then studies merger incentives and obtains two main results; 1) for any asymmetric costs, mergers of any size are profitable; 2) a merger will reduce outsiders' profits when there are large cost savings or cost asymmetry. The second result is in sharp constrast to Cournot competition where mergers always increase outsiders' profits. This striking new feature not only supports the belief that Bertrand competition is more general than Cournot competition, but will also open up a new line of arguments in future attempts to block merger proposals


Disclosed is a plasma welding apparatus for a guide thimble and guide thimble end plug of a nuclear fuel assembly, consisting of a welding chamber (100), an end-plug transfer unit (210) for supplying an end plug (10) to an end-plug inserting part (110), and a guide-thimble transfer unit (220) for transferring a guide thimble (20) to a guide-thimble inserting part (120), wherein the welding chamber has the end-plug inserting part (110), the guide-thimble inserting part (120), a torch assembling opening (130) to which a plasma welding torch is assembled, and argon inflow and outflow ports (141, 142) through which argon is supplied or discharged. The apparatus has the beneficial effects that: the plasma welding apparatus can increase productivity, further, to prevent oxidization during welding, the interior of the welding chamber is maintained under argon atmosphere rather than under vacuum, and the welding is carried out, thereby, an external appearance of the weld zone and soundness of a tensile test and a corrosion test can be satisfied without requiring separate vacuum equipment.


Harvey Goldstein, Professor of Social Statistics at the School of Education, University of Bristol sadly fell victim to the coronavirus on 9 April 2020. He was 80 years old and is survived by his wife Barbara and son Tom. He was one of the small team, headed by Patricia Broadfoot, that founded this journal and the only person to remain on the Editorial Board throughout its 27 years of existence. What makes this the more remarkable was that at the same time there was a great international demand for his innovative multilevel statistical modelling approaches (see his seminal book Multilevel Models in Educational and Social Research 1987). These have been widely used across the social and medical sciences due to their ability to model clustering of data at different levels (e.g. student, class, school, neighbourhood) of particular relevance in education. He remained, right up to his death, an energetic advocate of using statistics to inform social policies and a fearless critic of their misuse by policymakers. Harvey was born in the East end of London, 30 October 1939. He attended a local primary school in East End of London, before going on to Hendon County Grammar School. After successfully studying A-levels in Pure and Applied Maths, Physics and Chemistry, he went on to the University of Manchester to study Pure Mathematics, a subject he admitted he had always found easy. In addition, he took statistics courses under Toby Lewis who also become one of his long-term friends and mentors (Browne & Leckie, 2020). After his BSc, he continued with a Postgraduate diploma at UCL and worked as a research assistant. This was also the time when he published his first article as a co-author in the prestigious journal Nature (Brunton et al., 1963). Harvey has held a lecturing post at the Institute of Child Health (ICH) in 1964–1972, before moving to the National Children's Bureau to work with director Mia Kellmer Pringle as Senior Research Officer in 1972. In 1977 he moved to the Institute of Education (IOE) London where he became a Professor of Statistical Methods, from which he retired in 2005. It was in London his interest and focus upon school effectiveness and educational assessment developed. In 1988 Harvey founded the project which then became the Centre for Multilevel Modelling (CMM), often using educational assessment data to trial the statistical techniques and software developed. His highly influential and publicised projects, with Desmond Nuttall and Sally M. Thomas, 'Putting School Performance in Context' for the Association of Metropolitan Authorities (1990–92) and 'Value Added School Performance' a survey of A-level examination results for The Guardian newspaper (1992–3), utilised ML3, the first UK multilevel modelling software, showing how school ranking changed significantly between raw and value-added measures of school performance and highlighting the crucial importance of considering statistical uncertainty in league tables. This work became central to the International School Effectiveness and Improvement Centre at IOE, set up by Peter Mortimore and Desmond Nuttall where Harvey was a founding member and an Associate Director for 10 years. ASSESSMENT IN EDUCATION: PRINCIPLES, POLICY & PRACTICE 2020, VOL. 27, NO. 3, 312–317 https://doi.org/10.1080/0969594X.2020.1771666


A functional is elicitable (identifiable) if it is the unique minimiser (zero) of an expected scoring function (identification function). Elicitability and identifiability are essential for forecast ranking and validation, $M$- and $Z$-estimation, both possibly in a regression framework. To account for the set-valued nature of many interesting functionals such as quantiles, systemic risk measures or prediction intervals we introduce a theoretical framework of elicitability and identifiability of set-valued functionals. It distinguishes between exhaustive forecasts, being set-valued and aiming at correctly specifying the entire functional, and selective forecasts, content with solely specifying a single point in the correct functional. Uncovering the structural relation between the two corresponding notions of elicitability and identifiability, we establish that a set-valued functional can be either selectively elicitable or exhaustively elicitable. Notably, selections of quantiles such as the lower quantile turn out not to be elicitable in general. Applying these structural results to Vorob'ev quantiles of random sets, we establish their selective identifiability and exhaustive elicitability. In particular, we provide a mixture representation of elementary scores, leading the way to Murphy diagrams. Our paper is complemented by a comprehensive literature review elaborating on common practice in forecast evaluation of set-valued functionals.


Scientific category: Hemostasis, thrombosis and vascular biology IPG and SSH contributed equally to this study Corresponding author: Justin Mason, The Bywaters Center for Vascular Inflammation, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London, W12 ONN, UK. Tel: +44-20-8383-1622 Fax: +44-20-383-1640 E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Blood First Edition Paper, prepublished online November 25, 2008; DOI 10.1182/blood-2008-04-152934


An efficient and green approach to the synthesis of 5H-thiazolo [3,2-a]pyrimidine derivatives using N-methyl pyrrolidone hydrosulfate ( [Hnmp]HSO4 ) ionic liquid as the catalyst is described. This green catalytic system can be recycled several times without any substantial decrease in the yields and reaction rates. The catalyst loading are high.


The 21 st century has been declared the century of water, and we have every responsibility to find proper solutions to water crisis witnessed all over the world. A large part of the world's population especially people living in the developing countries is experiencing water stress resulting in water shortages and pollution. In many areas, water supplies for industrial, domestic and agricultural needs are dependent on groundwater. More than 85% of the rural water supply is being provided through groundwater. It is observed that areas experiencing declining water levels are also facing the problems of increase in the concentration of solutes, which may result in the deterioration of groundwater quality. In view of this, two sub-watersheds located in semi-arid region (water stressed region) in Southern India Karnataka State, Bangalore rural district, Dodballapur Taluk are taken up for intensive studies, broadly covering hydrologic, soils, water(surface and sub-surface) quantity and quality, water requirement of crops and the like.


As part of its continual effort to streamline its meetings, the American Bankers Association's annual convention will be one day shorter than it has been traditionally. Sessions at the conference, October 5-8 at the Moscone Convention Center, San Francisco, have been carefully chosen to give bankers solid ideas they can take back to their banks. Writers Hugh Sidey, William Safire, and John G. Stoessinger will address the meeting. FDIC Chairman William Seidman also has been invited to participate. Pending legislation and regulations, ways to increase fee income, cost-cutting strategies, technology, strategic planning, and marketing are just a few of the topics that will be covered. Any banker, no matter how knowledgeable he or she is, is certain to learn something new. Profitability. All of the ideas presented at the meeting, if implemented, could lead eventually to greater profitability. But a few sessions specifically deal with profits. Procedures that the largest U.S. banks use for profitability measurement and reporting will be analyzed by William D. Miller, vice-president, Hogan Systems Inc., Dallas. Ten lessons that can be learned from the rise and fall of the New England economy, and how banks can insulate their bottom lines from their own market areas, will be the focus of another session on profitability. David Walker, executive consultant, DRI/McGraw Hill, New York, will deliver the presentation. Few things are more welcome to a bank than increased fee income. Peter Bryan, partner for western region financial services consulting, and Christopher Farrell, manager, western regional financial services, Ernst and Young, Los Angeles, will discuss the ten most common areas for improving fee income and will examine case studies of banks that have achieved substantial increases in profitability. Credit, loan management. Prudence and care characterize the conference sessions on credit and loan policy. * Loan loss allowances may be difficult to think about, but they are still necessary to have and tough to set. A model for setting reserves will be presented by William E Spinard, vice-president, Furash and Company, Washington, D.C. * One way to avoid loan losses is to know more about each prospective and existing borrower. A data-oriented approach to managing loan decisions and loan portfolios will be introduced by Elliot Lefferts, managing partner, Kenneth Leventhal and Company, San Francisco. * Avoiding and managing regulatory criticism of the bank's credit culture is the subject of a presentation by Sam Pyland, partner, and Reid Adamson, manager, both of Coopers and Lybrand, Dallas. They will also provide strategies for linking the bank's market approach to its underwriting standards. Operations. The benefits of outsourcing and of running in-house bank data processing operations will be presented at two different sessions. Lower costs are the main expectation of banks that outsource their data processing. William Gallagher, executive vice-president, Atlantic Data Services, Quincy, Mass., and Robert Whitby, national director for financial services industry, Ernst and Young, New York, will explore some outsourcing options. Ways that community banks can differentiate and personalize their products and services through their in-house operations is the theme of a talk to be given by Hal Stringer, president, Peerless Systems, Richardson, Texas. …


The article deals with the problem of evaluating the effectiveness of development in the educational university field. The urgency and the need to develop a system of training specialists in the field of occupational safety are substantiated.
The importance of occupational health and safety at work and other institutions in social life is analyzed. Components of development of labor protection in university education in Ukraine (creation of knowledge, research and entrepreneurship, provision of social development, internationalization of educational space, organization of training, promotion of health protection, study of genetic, influence of gender and psychological and physiological characteristics of a person at work) are substantiated indicators.
A model is presented that reflects the system of the main seven components of the development of labor protection in higher education. For each component, the respective constituent parameters are substantiated.
A model has been developed in the form of a formula for the effectiveness of the development of labor protection in university education; formulas of component coefficients: creation of knowledge, research and entrepreneurship, social development, internationalization of educational space, organization of training, promotion of occupational safety, study of genetic, influence of gender and psychological and physiological characteristics of a person at work, which will include relevant indicators. The study of relevant formulas gives the opportunity to make a dynamic management decision to change or stabilize the situation.
The result of this model helps to trace and establish current trends in the development of occupational safety, to make a forecast of the effectiveness of this development under the circumstances in the future.
The material will be of interest to teachers of higher education in the field of occupational safety and health. The study does not exhaust all aspects of the problem of assessing the development of occupational health and its future professionals. The prospect of further research requires the development of a model that foresees new principles, approaches, forms and methods of professional competence formation in future occupational health professionals.


Plant height of Poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. ex Klotzsch) must be reduced to maintain the ratio 2:1 between plant and pot height. This is important because it is an ornamental plant and its aspect is fundamental for its price. In order to regulate plant height of cv. Supjibi, two doses (500 and 1000 mg L −1 ) and three frequencies of application (one, two and three times) of ethephon (chloroethyl phosphonic acid) in poinsettia plants, in a greenhouse in Montecillo, Mexico during the summer of 2003. Two applications at 1000 mg L−1, three applications at 500 mg L−1,


Given the current challenges of exogenous and endogenous nature, the key task for the national economy of Ukraine is to ensure the competitiveness of Ukrainian small and medium-sized busines. A separate heavy burden is imposed by Russian armed aggression, which leads to the destruction of the production base of the national economy of Ukraine and the established ties between economic agents. The urgent need in this context is to develop the production capabilities of Ukrainian small and medium-sized businesses, in particular through the construction of a system of production outsourcing companies. The purpose of the article is to identify the features of the development of the system of production outsourcing companies and the formulation of the methodological grounds for its formation and functioning in Ukraine. The article describes the problems of work of Ukrainian small and medium-sized businesses in the context of their limited production capabilities. The problems of ensuring an adequate and balanced system of production outsourcing are allocated. The analysis of the prerequisites for the development of the system of production outsourcing companies in Ukraine was carried out. It is proposed to evolve the production outsourcing capabilities in the cluster paradigm. The key role of the cluster of production outsourcing companies in stimulating the economic development at the macro and macro levels is substantiated. The methodology of function of the cluster of production outsourcing companies is outlined. Potential ways of financing the cluster's business model, consisting of various sources of funding from private and institutional investors, are proposed. A number of signs have been formulated that determine the degree of the company's need for production outsourcing. The factors of making a managerial decision on the use of production outsourcing as a solution to business and operational problems are allocated. Prospects for future research are further study of the features of the business model of the cluster of production outsourcing companies and the formulation of the most appropriate format for Ukrainian realities. An additional direction of future research is the aligning of the regulatory framework of the cluster of production outsourcing companies in Ukraine in order to bring in conformity with the legislation of the EU countries and the best international practices


This article examines the three central challenges to insider trading set forth in Henry Manne's 1967 book: 1) that there is no coherent theory explaining insider trading; 2) that there is no significant injury to corporate investors from insider trading; 3) that insider trading constitutes the most appropriate device for compensating executives. As to the first, the article states that federal regulation has passed through three distinct movements that do not necessarily connect to one another. The current focus on agency concepts and the broader principles used by the Supreme Court in O'Hagan probably have no more staying power than the theories that defined previous movements. Investor harm has been difficult to show. A coherent theory about harm may turn on principles from behavioral economics and cognitive psychology. Executive compensation, the most controversial of Manne's original assertions, is an even weaker argument today because of the broadening array of alternative forms of executive compensation and their relative advantage in balancing incentives for executives and policing management behavior.


The myriad of interactions between the vegetation, the soil, the climate, and the air involve transfers of energy and matter between the atmosphere and the lithosphere. In this article, these interactions are investigated mainly from the perspective of the vegetation. Most of the water taken up from the soil by plants is evaporated from the leaves via stomata during the process commonly referred to as transpiration. Transpiration of water is necessary for the uptake of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere for photosynthesis. Through transpiration and photosynthesis, the vegetation links the energy, water, and carbon and other biogeochemical cycles. This linkage provides the backbone to the article. Sections deal with: energy and water limitations to transpiration and plant growth at the catchment scale; the relationship between plant water use and photosynthesis; ecological strategies and temporal variability of water use and volume of soil involved in exchange with the atmosphere; soil water holding capacity and mineral nutrient availability; and catchment scale relationships between vegetation, soil, and climate. In the final sections, the concept of optimality between climate, vegetation, soil, and air is introduced, and the potential application of the optimality approach to hydrology is reviewed.

Keywords:

energy limitation;
water limitation;
photosynthesis;
optimality;
ecological strategy


The swelling pressure determination is essential for defining activating pressure that swelling clay exerts after hydration on structures. A new apparatus capable of measuring the swelling pressures is proposed. These measurements are realised with an annular disk which is fixed to a cylinder by high resistance bolts. This device allows testing sample of various thicknesses (20, 30, and 40 mm) and diameter less than 101.6 mm. After the description of the apparatus, the results of test conducted on marl samples taken from the Chamoise tunnel are presented. (A) For the covering abstract see IRRD 881647.


In this paper,the estimations of the parameters and coefficient of contamination for the simple regression model are studied when its response variables are contaminated at a known time by another random variable sequence.And we get a conclusion that under the hypothesis of σ~2_2=l~2σ~2_1(σ~2_1 and σ~2_2 are unknown,l~2 is known),the moment estimations of parameters of the first type regression model of contamination data do not exist.


Uruguayan political science had a "late, intense and asymmetrical" development (Garce, 2005). During the last ten years this intensity remained. The discipline continued to expand and diversify until becoming a full profession. Asymmetries reported ten years ago tended to be corrected. At the same time, new challenges emerged, as well as heated debates about the discipline. In particular, we are discussing more, and more openly, about hegemonic tendencies and threats to academic pluralism. Another issue is also requiring further examination and discussion: the "partidizacion" of political scientists.


In order to extract useful information from a large number of redundant and unreliable RFID(radio frequency identification) streaming data and improve the data quality of the RFID system, a filtering and cleaning method based on finite state machine for RFID streaming data is proposed. According to the experiment, suppressing interference tag data, filtering redundant tag data and extracting effective tag data can be realized in this method with reduced risk of system omission and false positives. Finally, using GIS technologies the monitoring and tracking results are displayed on the world map.


The principle and scheme of infinite-length chaotic of satellite spread spectrum TTC Telecommunication is described,and the relevant performance of infinite-length chaotic sequence is simulated and analyzed,thus to verify the feasibility of spread spectrum TTC system based on chaotic code.An open-loop range measurement method is proposed,which could solve the ranging problem effectively.The BER(Bit-Error-Rate) performance of this system is analyzed and simulated,and the analysis and simulation indicates that the infinite-length chaotic sequence could improve the BER performance of the conventional satellite spread spectrum TTC telecommunication system and reduce the interception probability of the transferred signal,thus provide a good choice for the application of infinite-length chaotic sequence in the field of satellite spread spectrum TTC telecommunication.


This paper utilizes a large, nationally representative micro data-set, the "Employment Status Survey (2007, 2012)," which is administered by the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications every five years, to investigate whether doctors' way of working is different from that of other kinds of occupations to give an insight for on-going debate on regulating labor standard of doctors. In particular, we compare doctors employed under regular status working more than 200 days per year with specialized and technical professions or nurses under the same employment conditions. Based on cross tabulations, we find that compared with the specialized and technical professions, the doctors have longer working hours, receive employer-provided training, and have secondary jobs at a very high rate. Moreover, based on logit model analysis, we find that despite working long hours the doctors' desire to terminate or change their position does not increase, contrary to the specialized and technical professions or nurses. However, similar to other professions, doctors also have a distinct desire to reduce their working hours, even when receiving employee-provided training and career development.


The economic thoughts on duty in China have long history.This dissertation concentrates on the differences between economic thoughts on duty in ancient China and western countries.In the author's opinion,there are four main features of Chinese thoughts on duty:firstly,it inclines to restrain the commercial activities;secondly,the duty is not the primary means of revenue;thirdly,Chinese ancient ideologists stress on the leverage of duty in circulation of commodities and in the whole economy;lastly,as a whole,Chinese ancient thoughts of duty lack of integrated legal system


This article, which is a practitioner's approach to the design of integral bridges, reviews the history of its development, discusses its various aspects, and notes that the structural continuity typical of integral bridges alter the distribution of secondary effects (shrinkage, creep, thermal gradients, etc.), the lateral and longitudinal loads applied to superstructures, and superimposed dead and live loads. This continuity induces secondary effects due to the generation of passive pressures in the abutment backfill. It is pointed out that the design of integral bridges should be simplified and standardized by following 3 steps: the basic bridge details should be crafted to minimize secondary effects (by following certain steps here listed); the application range for such bridges should be limited until initial design standards have been proven; the continuity connections at abutments and over the piers should be standardized for the established application ranges.


Based on their unique structures fluoropolymers are provided with high thermal,chemical and weather resistance.They also possess the prominent electrical and optical properties,as well as excellent surface properties, etc.For fluoropolymers take the advantages of both high performance and low(or no)pollution,they have become one of ideal coatings used in many fields.This paper mainly introduces several kinds of fluorine-containing coatings,such as polyvinylidene fluoride,fluoro-olefine vinyl ether copolymer,polytetrafluorothylene and perfluoropolyether.The attention is paid on the relationship between their structures and properties.The developing tendency of fluoropolymers is also presented here.


To investigate and compare the pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles of MB02 products, before and after optimizing the manufacturing process, and reference bevacizumab to establish bioequivalence between them. In this randomized, double‐blind, single dose, parallel study, 114 healthy male volunteers were randomized 1:1:1 to receive a 1 mg/kg intravenous dose of MB02‐SP, MB02‐DM, or US‐bevacizumab. The follow‐up period was 100 days. PK similarity between them was determined using the standard bioequivalence criteria (0.80–1.25) for the area under the serum concentration–time curve from time 0 extrapolated to infinity and the maximum observed serum concentration. Study results showed that the PK profiles of bevacizumab were similar. Statistical analysis demonstrated that for each pairwise comparison there were no differences. The 90% CIs for the ratios of geometric least squares means were fully contained within the predefined similarity acceptance limits and ranged from 0.899 to 1.12 for area under the curve and from 0.887 to 1.11 for maximum concentration. A total of 159 adverse events were reported by 76 subjects who received the study drug. The majority (90.6%) of the reported adverse events were grade 1 in severity, with 9.4% as grade 2 in severity. None were considered as grade 3, 4, or 5. Treatment‐induced anti‐drug antibodies incidence was 21.6%, 33.3%, and 23.7% for the treatment of MB02‐SP, MB02‐DM, and US‐bevacizumab, respectively. No subjects showed treatment‐induced neutralizing anti‐drug antibodies. This study demonstrates the PK, safety, and immunogenicity similarity and bioequivalence of MB02‐SP, MB02‐DM, and the reference product bevacizumab.


Low pressure ion chromatography was developed and used to analyze inorganic anions and cations in water such as Na+, NH4+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, F-, Cl-, NO3-, SO42-. This method has good precision and the differentiation coefficient is under 5 percent and the recycle ratio is between 92 and 102 percent. The analysis results have a good agreement with the results obtained using the general method. 


Abstract Although it has been suggested that automated writing evaluation (AWE) can liberate teachers' time to focus more on higher-order concerns as it can take care of lower-order concerns, AWE's impact on teachers' feedback practice is underexplored. Additionally, scant literature exists on teachers' perception of AWE when they use it to complement their feedback. This study explored how Grammarly shaped postsecondary L2 writing teachers' feedback when it was used to complement teacher feedback as well as teachers' perceptions of the tool. To understand Grammarly's impact, teachers' comments on 10 essays were analyzed. The teachers then had a semi-structured interview aimed at exploring their perceptions of Grammarly. The findings showed that teachers provided feedback both on global and local aspects of writing despite using Grammarly as a complement, and there was no division of labor such as that a teacher takes care of higher-order and Grammarly takes care of lower-order concerns. The findings also revealed factors that impacted teachers' feedback, including teachers' use of Grammarly reports, their attitudes toward automated feedback, as well as their beliefs about feedback and course objectives. Overall, of the six teachers, four were positive about Grammarly, while two were skeptical. The study provides implications on how to use Grammarly meaningfully as a complement to teacher feedback.


[Objective] To investigate the effect of Xiaoyu Xiezhuo Decoction on epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT) in unilateral ureteral obstruction(UUO) rats with renal interstitial fibrosis by examining the expression of partitioning defective-3(PAR-3). [Methods] Forty male SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group , model(UUO) group , western medicine(Benazepril) group and Chinese medicine(Xiaoyu Xiezhuo Decoction) group. The day after operation , the Chinese medicine group and western medicine group were given Xiaoyu Xiezhuo Decoction 10郾4 g/(kg · d) and Benazepril 1 mg/(kg · d) respectively , the other two groups were given the same amount of 0郾9% sodium chloride aqueous solution , and the drugs were administered for a total of 4 weeks. After administration , the levels of albumin(ALB) , blood urea nitrogen(BUN) , serum creatinine(Scr) , uric acid(UA) were detected. The pathological changes in the renal tissues were observed by both hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining and Masson staining. The expression of PAR-3 in renal tissues was measured by immunofluorescence and western blot. The expressions of E-cadherin and α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA) in renal tissues were measured by immunohistochemistry. [Results] Compared with sham operation group , the levels of BUN , Scr and UA increased in model group , western medicine group and Chinese medicine group(P<0郾05). Compared with model group , the levels of BUN , Scr and UA decreased in Chinese medicine group(P<0郾05). Compared with western medicine group , Chinese medicine group had lower levels of Scr and UA(P<0郾05). Compared with sham operation group , the renal tubular interstitial injury index and collagen positive area of model group increased(P<0郾05). Compared with model group , both the renal tubular interstitial injury index and collagen positive area of western medicine group and Chinese medicine group significantly decreased(P<0郾05). Compared with sham operation group , the level of PAR-3 in renal tissues decreased in other groups(P<0郾05). Compared with model group , Chinese medicine group had higher PAR-3 level(P<0郾05). Compared with sham operation group , the expression of α-SMA increased in renal tissues of other groups , while the expression of E -cadherin decreased(P<0郾05). Compared with model group , western medicine group and Chinese medicine group had lower α-SMA level as well as higher expression of E-cadherin(P<0郾05). [Conclusion] The expression of PAR-3 in UUO rats decreased significantly. Xiaoyu Xiezhuo Decoction can ameliorate renal fibrosis by intervening the expression of PAR-3 and inhibiting the EMT process.


Abstract
Purpose
This chapter aims to share practical experiences in creative tourism management, in order to propose some basic guidelines for DMOs and DMCs interested in designing activities that cater to this new demand. Specifically, our intention is to analyze and highlight the basic criteria that most weighs to fit such a singular demand.

Methodology/approach
As practitioners, most of the examples, observations, and analyses are based on our daily management of the Creative Tourism Network® (CTN) and the solutions found by our members in the development of their creative tourism programs all over the world. These observations rely also on surveys and literature references.

Findings
(i) The emergence of the experiential tourism in general, and the creative one in particular, is only the visible part of the paradigm shift that is affecting the tourist industry, leading to the appearance of new opportunities and challenges. (ii) Amidst such a new and versatile context, it's important to analyze the factors that contribute to the experience achievement, in order to adapt them and guarantee the best practices. (iii) This enables to list down some guidelines and practical advises for managers to cater this new demand.

Research limitations/implications
This chapter is written simultaneously with the paradigm shift and thus limits the distance we can have on its evolution as well as on the study's completeness. It thus just pretends to provide a provisional balance of the current situation, contrasted with literature reviews.

Practical implications
The emergence of creative tourism implies a completely new form of management for both cultural and tourist fields that leads to the creation of specific skills and general guidelines to be adapted for different contexts.

Originality/value
The study, based on examples proposed by the CTN, offers a transversal overview of creative tourism, a sector that has not been deeply analyzed yet given its increasing growth. It is thus a novel approach, close to the practitioners' daily challenges.


Most previous research on Bus Network Design, have considered the complete redesign of the network. This approach has shown to be difficult to implement in realistic applications. Therefore, in this paper, a new approach has been proposed to design bus transit systems. Instead of completely redesigning a bus network, a modification approach is proposed. This is done though the use of similarity indexes, which estimate the amount of similarity between the proposed and the base network. a goal programming approach has been used in this paper, due to the multi-objective nature of the problem. The model is solved using Genetic Algorithm for two different case studies: A benchmark network proposed by Mandle and a city in Iran (Kashan). The results have shown satisfactory outcomes of the model.


The following piece includes both an expression of concern over the name of the element W (atomic number 74) and a formal response formulated on behalf of the editors of the 2005 edition of the IUPAC Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry.


Abstract The present investigation addresses the influence of process variables on the mechanical properties of montmorillonite (MMT) nanoclay with unsaturated polyester, using the mechanical shear mixing process. The rotational speed, mixing time, rotor blade design and clay content were chosen as process variables. The influence of these process variables on mechanical properties were studied with the help of grey relational analysis. Organically modified MMT nanoclay was used as the reinforcing filler, in order to increase the swelling of the clay with the polyester resin. Nanocomposites were fabricated based on the experimental design using the L9 orthogonal array. Among the parameters studied, blade design was identified as the parameter with the most influence, due to the presence of a varying shear force, which peeled off the clay platelets from the stacked arrangement of clay tactoids. Grey relational analysis was used to obtain the optimum process parameters for multiple quality characteristics such as tensile, flexural and impact strength. It was observed that the Shore D hardness values for all nine experiments possess higher values than virgin polyester. Morphological studies have been carried out for the specimen with optimum process parameters using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Tensile, flexural and impact fractured specimens were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for optimum conditions.


Sand is well understood as susceptible material to liquefy under seismic condition. In many cases of liquefaction, the loss of property and damages occurred due to the earthquake phenomenon are caused by sandy soils. Thus, many laboratory experiments and field tests on soil liquefaction engineering have been mandatorily focusing on the liquefaction resistance of sand-fine mixtures. The interaction between sand and fines particles appears to be well studied subject. However, there are some contradictory findings on some factors influencing liquefaction resistance in sand-fine mixtures. Therefore, this paper aim to present results and current findings from previous researchers which focused on sand-fine mixtures using various type of sand to interpret liquefaction resistance and its behaviour. In addition, microstructure test needs to be conducted for verification and analysis of the results on grading and particle sizes characteristics. It has been identified that recent findings on the particle size distribution and grading characteristics of sand in sand-fine mixtures are still contradicting. It has also been found that there are no study using different types of sand to reconstitute tropical sand-fine mixtures; and limited study focused on the coefficient uniformity, CU and coefficient of curvature, CC on liquefaction resistance relationship.


According to the character of codebook size and codeword dimension in low delay speech coding algorithm, a codebook design algorithm based on modified self-organizing feature map (SOFM) neural network is put forward. The input vectors and weight vectors are normalized. In order to reduce the computation complexity and improve the codebook performance, decompose the adaptive adjusting process of network weights into two stages of sequencing and convergence. The modified algorithm is used to generate vector quantization codebook in low delay speech coding algorithm experiment results show that the modified algorithm improves the performance of SOFM network significantly. Compared with the basic LBG algorithm, the synthesized speech using codebook with the modified SOFM neural network are greatly improved in the aspect of subjective and objective quality.


The inclusion complex of β-CD with OFLX is studied by polarimetric method in neutral solution of different molar ratios.The results indicate that β-CD and OFLX may form several inclusion complexes with different molar ratios,mostly 1:2,1:1 and 2:1 inclusion complexes.The formations of inclusion complex in the solution have relations with the molar ratio of β-CD/OFLX,in the range of molar ratio of β-CD/OFLX 1:1~2.5:1 and the formation of inclusion complex is mainly 1:1.


Abstract In the paper, the hexagonal δ-Mo49Ni51 phase had been investigated in a Mo-rich Ni3Al based single crystal superalloy with Re additions in 3–5 wt%. The δ-Mo49Ni51 phase was identified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron micrograph (SEM) and electron probe micro-analysis (EPMA). Before thermal exposure, the microstructure of the alloy was the cuboidal ordered γ′ phase in coherent with the disordered γ matrix without any precipitation. During thermal exposure, the strip-like, faceted, plate-shaped δ-Mo49Ni51 phases significantly were precipitated. By the means of the composition analysis of TEM/EDS and EPMA/EDS, the elements Ni, Mo and Re were rich obviously in δ-Mo49Ni51 phase. Furthermore, the crystallography relationships between the δ-Mo49Ni51 phase and γ phase have been reported.


The long-distance northward migration of the Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) population originating from Xishuangbanna has aroused considerable public attention. Recently, Campos-Arceiz et al. (2021) addressed the causes and conservation implications. We aim to provide additional supplementary key information on this issue. The migration search to find suitable habitats for survival and reproduction are important natural selection and dispersal processes in any elephant's life history. Previous reports of elephant migration have been documented over the past few decades (Wu et al., 1999). Migration is not abnormal; there are potentially suitable habitats for elephants outside the reserve and distribution area (Lin et al., 2015; Liu et al., 2016). However, long-distance migration is not regularly undertaken and the biological mechanisms involved in the northern oriented migration remains unclear. With the increasing protection of wildlife in China, long-distance northward migration may become normal, making ascertaining the causes highly urgent for us to formulate targeted policies and effectivemanagement strategies. For the migrating elephants, we should aim to understand their living status and ban artificial feeding. The intention of artificial feeding might help to avoid conflicts between elephants and humans, but the food provided is not the elephants' natural food source, which can disturb and undermine the elephants' ability to search for food and suitable habitats, and can even change their natural behaviors and habits. The appropriate way to protect migrating elephants is to allow them to migrate by themselves without human interference. Furthermore, we need to track the migration direction and route of the elephants. Artificially inducing and/or persuading them to return home is undesirable. Returning the elephants to their original habitatmay assist us tomanage them but the natural activity space and distribution range of elephants is not fixed, they should not be restricted to a limited area. Increased efforts should be made to identify potential habitats on their migration routes so that we


Executive Summary Movies offer the perfect media site for placement of brands as part of the emerging marketing strategy. Although attempts to analyse brand placements have been made in the past, the same needs more attention in the Indian context. Given the exposure of Indian audiences to both national and international entertainment industry, it is only reasonable to expect the entertainment event context to have an impact on consumers' evaluation of the brands placed in each context. The present research attempts to extend the applicability of the idea of fit, which was till now largely confined to sponsorship and subjects it to the exploration of finding a fit between brands and specific events, in particular, movies. Because the link between country of origin of the entertainment event (national/international) and brand, placement is a relevant area of speculation, the present research aims to study this relationship within the national/international context. Results of an experimental study among 120 respondents are as follows: Brands placed in a national event will create more positive brand evaluations in terms of positive attitude towards the placed brand and intention to purchase than brands that are placed in an international event. When the presence of a brand is consistent with the context in which it is placed, it would evoke more positive attitudes and behaviour than an incongruent placement. Evaluation of results further reveals that although a brand that fits well with the context in which it is placed generates a positive evaluation of the placed brand, the condition of a brand-event misfit in a Hollywood context will create more negative evaluations among the Indian audiences than if such a disconnect appeared in a Hindi film. In other words, a brand may have more to lose in case of a misfit with the international entertainment event than with a national entertainment event. Based on the findings of the present study, it is suggested that multinational brands must look at the Indian movies as a suitable medium for reaching out to the prospective buyers as Indians have become consumers of global brands and thus pose to be a huge market for global brands.


Core level chemical shifts using Fermi level as an orthodox reference level are extensively used to detect the forming/breaking of bonds (i.e., change in oxidation states) during chemical reactions and are broadly used as an experimental proof of charge transfers across organic interfaces by several research communities for many decades. Based on core level and valence photoemission experimental measurements a paradoxical relationship between core‐level shift and charge transfer is shown, demonstrating the failure of conventional practice of using Fermi level to measure chemical shifts of molecules on solid surfaces. Thus, great care needs to be taken when interpreting experimentally observed shifts in core level binding energies as well as assigning core level energy peaks associated with certain oxidation states. To resolve this paradoxical problem, it is shown that measurement of interface dipoles is essential in investigating the charge transfers of molecules to/from solid surfaces.


This paper proposed a planar, low cost, simple, and compact printed microstrip-fed inverted planar 60° cone monopole ultra-wideband antennas with band-notched characteristics. By introducing pair of open stubs or a pair of slots on the sectored conical patch the band notched characteristics can be obtained. The proposed antennas are successfully simulated, designed, fabricated on FR-4 substrate. The measured results show that the proposed antenna with dimensions of $65\mathbf{mm}\times 65\ \mathbf{mm} \times 1.6\mathbf{mm}$ has a large bandwidth over the frequency band 2.00-10.6 GHz with VSWR ≤ 2, except 2.5-3.95GHz with sectoral antenna having pair of stubs and 3.11-4.71 GHz with sectoral antenna with pair of slots frequency band. The presented antennas shows nearly omnidirectional radiation pattern, stable gain at working frequencies.


Due to nonlinear rotation of polarization, the stochastic intensity and the spatio-temporal inhomogeneity of a multimode laser beam results to its depolarization when propagating in a nonlinear media. The ensemble and spatio-temporal averaging of Stokes parameters was performed analytically for an isotropic media and numerically for an anisotropic one. The experimentally measurable Stokes parameters show monotonic or oscillating decreasing dependence on the propagation distance; the characteristic depolarization length is evaluated. With respect to depolarization the anisotropic media is shown to behave like the isotropic one if the radiation intensity is sufficiently high. The measured value of depolarization agrees with the presented calculations.


PURPOSE: A method and an apparatus for analyzing fetal sex determination are provided to accurately, simply, and noninvasively determine the fetal sex. CONSTITUTION: A method for analyzing fetal sex determination comprises: a step of measuring the concentration of DYS14 and GAPDH form a fetal DNA isolated from plasma of a pregnant woman; a step of calculating the concentration ratio of DYS14/GAPDH when the specificity (ratio which a female baby is born as expected) is 100%, and determining an optimal cutoff value; a step of measuring the concentration of DYS14 and GAPDH from the fetal DNA, and calculating concentration ratio of DYS14 and GAPDH; and a step of comparing calculated DYS14/GAPDH with the off value.


We have undertaken a study of microwave stability in the PSR storage ring under a variety of beam conditions near transition, including variable intensity and machine impedance, which can be independently controlled in the PSR. Results indicate that the general features of a linear stability model are valid, namely that the instability threshold becomes very small sufficiently close to transition. In addition, many nonlinear features are apparent and the results suggest an extended operating regime is possible with saturated, but otherwise benign, longitudinal fluctuations. Details of the linear model experimental results and corresponding simulations will be presented


Vitexin, identified as apigenin-8-C-D-glucopyranoside, a natural flavonoid compound found in certain herbs such as hawthorn herb. The aim of this study is to investigate the regulation of glycolysis underlying vitexin-induced anti-adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Vitexin inhibited adipose accumulation, glucose consumption and triglyceride synthesis. The expression of ERK 1/2 MAPK greatly induced, whereas the expression of adipogenic markers Akt and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) diminished. ERK 1/2 MAPK inhibitor PD98059 (10 μM) significantly enhanced lipid accumulation, triglyceride synthesis and the expression of adipogenic markers. However, PD98059 had no effect on glucose consumption. In regulation of glycolysis, vitexin induced the expression of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) at higher dosage (50 and 100 μM) and without any effect on glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) expression. PD98059 had an opposing effect that it significantly increased the expression of G6PDH, but decreased the expression of GPDH. Vitexin increased the lactic acid synthesis to about 3.8 folds in concentration dependent, whereas, PD98059 decreased the level of lactic acid in media to about 72% when compared with controls. Moreover, PD98059 abolished the anti-adipogenic effect of vitexin. Vitexin influence the expansion of adipose tissue through its ability to inhibit preadipocyte migration to about 80% via decreased the activity of active MMP-2. We demonstrated evidences for the first time that using of vitexin to against adipose accumulation, at least in part, was regulation of glycolysis via activation of ERK 1/2 MAPK signaling. Moreover, blockade pentose phosphate pathway may be a novel strategy for obesity prevention and therapy.


SUMMARY In a field experiment with transplanted rice (Oryza sativa L.) during the wet season of 1990 at the Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, India, the effects of four rates of N application (0, 80, 120 and 160 kg N/ha), two methods of urea application (before puddling, M,, and after puddling, M2) and two presubmergence periods (none, S0, and 1 week, S1,) were evaluated on ammonia volatilization losses in a sodic soil (pH 9·0, exchangeable sodium 29%). Cumulative ammonia volatilization losses were 1·43, 18·00, 22·54 and 28·29 kg/ha following applications of 0, 80, 120 and 160 kg N/a respectively; 17·08 and 18·01 kg/ha for treatments M1, and M2 respectively; and 18·63 and 16·34 kg/ha for treatments S0 and S1 respectively. Flood-water NH4+ and pH increased during days 1–4 and then there was a sharp decline on days 4–9, followed by a gradual decline. The highest flood-water NH4+ and pH values were found for the treatments which received urea at the rate of 160 kg N/ha, after puddling (M2) and with no presubmergence period (S0).


This paper presents the analysis of the total content of metals, cooper, iron and chromium in natural samples collected from Vrancea mountains, near Lepsa zone. The analyzed technique used were the molecular absorption spectrometry in visible for the determination of Fe, Cu and Cr. In order to increase the sensitivity of analytical determinations, the method of the standard addition was used. The metals content is variable from an element or sample to another. The plants contain the higher concentration of Fe, Cr and Cu elements than in water and sediment samples and the studied elements are found in higher concentration in October than in June. These results are explained by the fact that in time, these elements are suffering some changes, being transferred from the aquatic medium or sediments.


ABSTRACT We use a time-varying vector autoregressive model to investigate the dynamic effect of investor attention on Bitcoin speculation and then examine the association of this effect with five types of events in the Bitcoin market. The results indicate that investor attention has a positive effect on Bitcoin speculation and this effect changes with time and decays as lag phases increase. Policy-related events are the key factors that make this effect time-varying, while safety events have no obvious impact. Besides, our results find the existence of contrarian strategy in the Bitcoin market.


The general approach to analysis of zonal Fresnel antenna is considered. The frequency characteristics of Fresnel antenna are analyzed. The radiation characteristics of the Fresnel antenna are considered.


The research aimed to know about differences in the phenomenon of psychological burning among football referees and football referees of first class halls in southern zone. The researchers assumed that there are differences with moral guidance in the phenomenon of psychological burning among football referees and football referees of first class halls in southern zone. The researchers had mentioned to the theoretical studies that contained of multiple researches related to the topic of the research. The researchers used the describing method by principle of comparative studies due to is suitable for the problem of the research, The research sample was contained from (28) referees divided onto (14) football referees and (14) referees of first class halls after implementing measure of psychological burning on a sample of research the researchers did to find differences between the two groups by using the law of ( T ) for the independent samples , After that theses results has been previewed and analysis and discussed so the researchers reached to conclusions the most important of the is that there are no any moral differences between the groups of football referees and football referees of first class halls in southern zone.


Musk thistle, accidently introduced into the U.S. from Europe more than 100 years ago, became a major pest in middle and eastern Tennessee by the 1960s and 1970s. This noxious weed resulted in an extensive annual expenditure of time, labor, and money with the average cost of chemical control of thistle estimated to be $10-15/acre. The University of Tennessee Agricultural Experiment Station in cooperation with the Tennessee Department of Transportation (TDOT) and the Federal Highway Administration initiated research programs in 1989 and 1992 to suppress musk thistle using two plant-feeding insects, Rhinocyllus conicus and Trichosirocalus horridus. The release sites for the weevils were along the state highways and interstate system. From 1989 through 1995, about 70,000 weevils were collected and redistributed into thistle-infested regions in 61 counties within the state. Weevils were recovered from as many as 58 counties where head and rosette weevils had been previously released. By 1995, musk thistle density at the original study sites averaged less then 0.5 plants/sq m, representing a 94% reduction in musk thistle since 1989. The reduction of this invasive weed to a non-pest status will benefit TDOT directly by providing significant savings in expenditures of time and labor, herbicides and application equipment. Control of this weed provides for more diverse habitats adjacent to the roadways, promotes greater biodiversity of the local fauna and flora, and is a permanent, self-perpetuating, non-toxic, non-polluting, environmentally compatible means of controlling musk thistle. The long-term health benefits for the citizenry are potentially enormous in regard to protecting our rivers, lakes and groundwater from potential chemical pollution due to runoff.


The invention discloses an automobile circuit seal ring which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 95-100 parts of ethylene-propylene-diene monomer rubber 4045m, 4-5 parts of ceramic powder, 1-2 parts of cypress oil, 2-3 parts of vinyl carboxylic ester, 10-14 parts of silica powder, 1-2 parts of a quaternary ammonium bis-imidazoline corrosion inhibitor, 3-4 parts of polyether ether ketone, 2-3 parts of magnesium carbonate, 4-6 parts of diphenyl benzyl phosphate, 0.8-1 part of dibutyltin dilaurate, 1-3 parts of phthalocyanine blue, 2-3 parts of boric anhydride, 0.8-1.5 parts of an anti-aging agent 4020, 0.4-1 part of thiocyanuric acid, 0.6-1 part of benzoyl peroxide and 20-30 parts of a composite filler. The automobile circuit seal ring, provided by the invention, has good elastic resilience, can play favorable sealing and tightening roles, and is good in protection effect, strong in temperature alternating resistance and excellent in comprehensive performance.


This paper describes a method for selecting the location of multiple passive acoustic arrays to optimize information collection. The passive acoustic arrays are used to localize a contact, and our goal is to choose how to situate and orient the arrays to optimize this localization estimate. To this end, we derive the Cramér-Rao bound on the variance of the estimate of a target's location as a function of where the sensing resources are placed. We then use this bound to select where to place the sensors. We illustrate the method by selecting where to place and orient 5 arrays in a region.


Control of inverter is a complicated optimization problem. It is a difficult task to find the optimum switching law by conventional techniques. The binary particle swarm optimization algorithm (BPSO) is characterized by its speediness, accuracy, efficiency, so it is well suited for online implementation. In this paper, BPSO is applied to solve optimum switching law of inverter which is regarded as a typical combination optimization problem. Simulation results show that harmonics of output current waveform is eliminated while switching loss of inverter is reduced. Simulation results indicate that Binary particle swarm optimization algorithm is effective for the control of inverter.


Rare Presentation of Haematometra and Haematocolpos Presenting as Bleeding Per Vagina
Haematometra and Haematocolpos are conditions in which blood collects in the uterine cavity and vagina respectively when the outflow tract is obstructed. An imperforate hymen occurs in 0.05% of women. Late discovery of an imperforate hymen may lead to pain, infections, hydronephrosis and endometriosis with sub fertility as a possible consequence. Examination of the external genitalia is necessary in the investigation of girls between the ages of 11 and 18 who have a lower abdominal mass and crypto menorrhea. The patient should be prepared for both abdominal and perineal operations. Prior to incision of the imperforate hymen, a recto abdominal examination should be performed. Early diagnosis, careful evaluation and early treatment are the key points in the management of this treatable condition.


CITRUS ROOTSTOCK UNDER WATER STRESS We studied the water stress tolerance of citrus genotypes in phase 3 of rootstock, in an experiment conducted in a greenhouse at UAEAg/CTRN of UFCG with randomized complete block design with three replications in a factorial arrangement of two treatments (EH1: witnesses irrigated at 100% of field capacity (CC) throughout the experiment and EH2: limited irrigation at 50% DC for 51 days and then 25% of CC) and three genotypes. Each experimental unit consisted of 10 plants. Observing the effects of water stress in citrus genotypes with the potential rootstocks on growth variables, we highlight the genotype 2 (x TSKFL CWEB 004), which remains in the initial phase, with larger leaves and stem diameter showing increased tolerance to drought stress in comparison to other genotypes.


The term maritimity, defined by geographers in the early 1990s, offers an interesting conceptual framework for analysing the evolution of the relationship with the maritime world during the 19th century. A century of revolutions, this period is marked by deep and lasting changes in the relationship with the sea, especially affecting cultural, social and artistic practices. It was also affected by the emergence of heritage concerns which paved the way for new disciplines such as naval archaeology or nautical ethnography. Representations of the maritime world have been fundamentally changed as a result.


Insecticidal properties of Parthenium hysterophorus L. (family: Asteraceae), an annual herb, and Moringa oleifera (Lam.) (family: Moringaceae), a perennial tree, were assessed against different digestibility parameters and survival rate of Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Effect of different extracts (based on three extraction solvents: ethanol, methanol, and acetone) of P. hysterophorus and M. oleifera on the digestibility indices and larval mortality of Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) were studied. The extracts were tested at two different concentrations; 25 mg and 50 mg. The effect of methanol extract on S. litura larvae was greater than that of ethanol and acetone. The methanol extract of P. hysterophorus at 50 mg concentration significantly reduced the digestibility indices; 49.6% consumption rate, 80.4% growth rate, 63.9% efficiency of conversion of ingested food, 68.4% efficiency of conversion of digested food, 39.3% assimilation rate, and 12.3% approximate digestibility of S. litura larvae compared with the control (positive untreated) treatment. By using methanol extracts of P. hysterophorus at 50 mg concentration, larvae's survival rate was also found to be lower than those of other treatments. The performance of M. oleifera extracts was lower in terms of affecting the digestibility and survival of S. litura compared to P. hysterophorus . Among the two plant extracts, a higher concentration (50mg) of P. hysterophorus using methanol as a solvent represented a promising natural product for S. litura control.