Flooding, an increasing risk in Rwanda, tends to isolate and restrict the mobility of rural communities. In this work, we developed a streamflow model to determine whether floods and rainfall anomalies explain variations in rural trail bridge use, as directly measured by in-situ motion-activated digital cameras. Flooding data and river flows upon which our investigation relies are not readily available because most of the rivers that are the focus of this study are ungauged. We developed a streamflow model for these rivers by exploring the performance of process-based and machine learning models. We then selected the best model to estimate streamflow at each bridge site to enable an investigation of the associations between weather events and pedestrian volumes collected from motion-activated cameras. The Gradient Boosting Machine model (GBM) had the highest skill with a Kling-Gupta Efficiency (KGE) score of 0.79 followed by the Random Forest model (RFM) and the Generalized Linear Model (GLM) with KGE scores of 0.73 and 0.66, respectively. The physically-based Variable Infiltration Capacity model (VIC) had a KGE score of 0.07. At the 50% flow exceedance threshold, the GBM model predicted 90% of flood events reported between 2013 and 2022. We found moderate to strong positive correlations between total monthly crossings and the total number of flood events at four of the seven bridge sites (r = 0.36–0.84), and moderate negative correlations at the remaining bridge sites (r = -0.33– -0.53). Correlation with monthly rainfall was generally moderate to high with one bridge site showing no correlation and the rest having correlations ranging between 0.15–0.76. These results reveal an association between weather events and mobility and support the scaling up of the trail bridge program to mitigate flood risks. The paper concludes with recommendations for the improvement of streamflow and flood prediction in Rwanda in support of community-based flood early warning systems connected to trail bridges.


The state education agency's failure to formulate a clear, consistent public policy regarding use of private schools that serve handicapped children has created problems. Examples of these problems are cited as they affect children—misinterpretation of the term "least restrictive environment," delays in recommendations for placement, lack of adequate provision of transportation for privately funded children—and as they affect the schools themselves—comparison with public school standards (teacher certification, etc.), local district versus state programmatic and fiscal guidelines, and remedy for public school "misdiagnosis." A policy which acknowledges the private sector as a level on the educational continuum of services and which produces a uniform set of standards and regulations is suggested.


While working in tuberculosis clinics in a remote area of Nepal we saw two patients who had difficulty sleeping after pleural aspiration and a striking case of sleep disturbance in the spouse of a third patient.

We first encountered the problem with a 52 year old man who was found to be sputum positive for acid and alcohol fast bacilli. Despite his weight loss and cough, dyspnoea was his presenting symptom. On examination he had a pleural effusion. After a month of short course chemotherapy his sputum was negative for acid and alcohol fast bacilli, but his dyspnoea had worsened and his pleural effusion was larger.

A litre of …


In this paper, we propose a novel approach to the problem of augmenting distance-based formation controllers with a secondary feedback variable for the purpose of preventing formation ambiguities. We introduce two variables that form an orthogonal space and uniquely characterize a triangular formation in two dimensions. We show that the resulting controller ensures the almost-global asymptotic stability of the desired formation for an $n$-agent system without conditions on the triangulations of the desired formation or control gains.


This paper describes the design of a linear Fresnel concentrating lens for a medium concentration type solar concentrator and reports the results of a sensitivity analysis.


A kindergarten swimming bath was experimentally infested with M-17 Bacillus coli. It was found that after bathing 10% of children showed Escherichia M-17 in the feces. It is concluded that presence of conditionally pathogenic microorganisms in the water of swimming baths may be considered a qualitative and quantitative criterion of epidemic risk during bathing in infected basins in case hygienic norms are not observed per person.


Mercury is a heavy metal that occur naturally in the Earth's crust, and are incorporated into biological system as structural compounds or protein, biomagnification refers to the accumulation of pollutants such as toxic metals through a food chain In this study, dynamic model is constructed to study the biomagnification of mercury in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystem. The data is taken from Martyr Monument in Baghdad. The plants show the ability to accumulate mercury and the concentration of mercury in fish Liza abu was higher than Silurus triostegu due to several factor such as different physical characters, structure, quality of nutrition , size of fishes and the nature of compositional for each one, this refers that the Fish have an accumulative response to mercury metals present and deposited from sources of emissions. The Mollusk important indicator for the water balance andability to adsorption elements and accumulation because There is no significant difference between concentration of Hg in water and mollusk (Uniotigrids). The important object of this study was examine biomagnification and determination the ecological risk factor to predict changes in Hg concentration in environmental compartments, results predicted the probability of increasing pollutants in some of samples less than  ten years depending Exposure factors. The primary risk of mercury exposure in terrestrial, vertebrates including humans, agricultural products, industrial and military activities have led to widespread contamination of the environment.


Results of a study are presented in which the performance of code-designed fixed-base and base-isolated concrete frames are compared. The purpose of the investigation is to compare in a quantitative manner the relative performance of code-designed frames, and to determine approximately the design force level for an isolated frame that will result in performance comparable to that of the fixed-base frame. The fixed-base frames were designed in accordance with the 1990 Structural Engineers Association of California (SEAOC) \IRecommended Lateral Force Requirements and Commentary.\N The base-isolated frames were designed to varying levels of the SEAOC-recommended base shear. Time-history analyses were conducted for three ensembles of recorded earthquakes. Analysis considered the nonlinear behavior of the isolation system and superstructure. Statistical analysis of peak response quantities demonstrates the superior performance of the code-designed isolated structures. Results illustrate that comparable performance is generally achieved when the isolated frames are designed to between 25% and 50% of the recommended lateral force.


Here we report the presence of an unexpected fluorescence enhancement zone (E-zone) in the mechanically mixed system of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) and upconversion fluorescent nanoparticles (UCNPs). This new finding differs from the traditional consideration that black SPIONs are always strong light absorbers. Our study also showed that the quenching behavior of UCNPs in the quenching zone (Q-zone) by SPIONs is surface state-dependent, with a lower quenching effect when UCNPs was shielded with a hydrophilic silica shell.


In many mammalian species, pregnancy triggers a luteotrophic mechanism that causes the corpora lutea (CL) to persist for a period longer than the lifespan of the cyclic CL. In marsupials, however, the life span of CL is not changed by pregnancy. In Didelphis marsupialis, for example, the CL reach maximum size on Day 3 after ovulation, begin to regress on Day 7 and are almost fully regressed by Day 13 when parturition occurs (Hartman, 1923). The next ovulation takes place about Day 28 regardless of whether pregnancy has intervened, provided no young are suckling (Hartman, 1923). Unlike the effects in sheep and some other species (Anderson, Bowerman & Melampy, 1963), hysterectomy also fails to prolong the life of CL in the opossum (Hartman, 1925) and there appears to be no known way in which the life of the didelphine CL can be extended. Because luteotrophic mechanisms induced by pregnancy and luteolytic mechanisms depending on the uterus seem to be absent in the opossum, the direct action of oestrogen on the lifespan of the opossum CL was investigated. Hoffmann (1960) suggested, as a consequence ofhis studies in women, that oestrogen acted directly on CL to induce regression, and a direct effect of oestrogen has been demonstrated for the CL of sheep (Cook, Karsch, Foster & Nalbandov, 1974) and rhesus monkeys (Karsch & Sutton, 1976).


The present work comprises the amylase enzyme production by isolated amylase producing microorganism and its industrial application. To isolate amylase producing strain, three samples were collected from different sources, soil sample, rotted potato and spoiled food waste. All isolated colonies were screened by activity zone techniques with iodine solution. Out of 12 bacterial strains, only 5 bacterial colonies showed positive results for amylase production. Amylase enzyme activity of bacterial strain-2 was found maximum (1.48IU/ml) at pH 6 and the activity decreased with increase in incubation period. Amylase enzyme used for starch degradation studies from bacterial strain 2 showed better results than commercial enzyme at same dose at pH 6.5 at 50 0 C. Enzyme treated substrate ( ararote) showed better properties when compared to control ararote.


PURPOSE
To provide in vivo measurements of dose to the anterior rectal wall during prostate SBRT boost treatments using MOSFET detectors.

METHODS
Dual MOSkin detectors were attached to a Rectafix rectal sparing device and inserted into patients during SBRT boost treatments. Patients received two boost fractions, each of 9.5-10 Gy and delivered using 2 VMAT arcs. Measurements were acquired for 12 patients. MOSFET voltages were read out at 1 Hz during delivery and converted to dose. MV images were acquired at known frequency during treatment so that the position of the gantry at each point in time was known. The cumulative dose at the MOSFET location was extracted from the treatment planning system at in 5.2° increments (FF beams) or at 5 points during each delivered arc (FFF beams). The MOSFET dose and planning system dose throughout the entirety of each arc were then compared using root mean square error normalised to the final planned dose for each arc.

RESULTS
The average difference between MOSFET measured and planning system doses determined over the entire course of treatment was 9.7% with a standard deviation of 3.6%. MOSFETs measured below the planned dose in 66% of arcs measured. Uncertainty in the position of the MOSFET detector and verification point are major sources of discrepancy, as the detector is placed in a high dose gradient region during treatment.

CONCLUSION
MOSkin detectors were able to provide real time in vivo measurements of anterior rectal wall dose during prostate SBRT boost treatments. This method could be used to verify Rectafix positioning and treatment delivery. Further developments could enable this method to be used during high dose treatments to monitor dose to the rectal wall to ensure it remains at safe levels. Funding has been provided by the University of Newcastle. Kimberley Legge is the recipient of an Australian Postgraduate Award.


In this work, we present the effect of packing density of vertically aligned carbon nanotube (VACNT) array on its thermal conductivity, as a step closer to its application in thermal interface materials (TIMs). High quality, closely packed VACNT array is synthesized by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. Cyclic catalyst deposition is performed to increase the packing density of VACNT array. Liquid precursor is applied to adjust the growth rate and keep the uniformity of the final thickness of the samples. The thermal conductivity of the VACNT array is greatly enhanced with the packing density, from 45.2 W/m K to 75.5 W/m K.


In traditional tracking radars, the joint parameter estimator that is constructed as the Doppler filter bank is optimum in the sense of maximum likelihood, whereas such estimator bears the shortcomings of the considerable complexity in implementation and the loss of detectability in dense target environment. Based on the designing of sub-optimum nonlinear frequency modulated signal, a novel structure that has only two NLFM channels is described, with the performance analysis and the simulation results also presented.


In control system of vehicle chassis, two integrated control sub-systems of chassis have achieved some better results than a single sub-system control. However the two integrated sub-system control can not improve some dynamic performance on vehicle when other sub-system of chassis is disturbed. In order to improve vehicle dynamic performance of some sub-system, an integrated control method based on multi-system with suspension, steering system and brake system is designed. In the model, a 14-DOF vehicle model is used, and an integrated control method based on multi-system of chassis is designed in software of Matlab/Simulink with an integrated controller of PID. Simulation results show that the overall vehicle performance based on the three integrated control systems of chassis is better than those of two integrated control system.


"Health spending as a percentage of gross domestic product in the U.S. economy is growing, from 5% in 1960 to about 16% in the current period, and it is predicted to grow to as much as 30% in 2050. Then why is the supply of health care in the United States so insensitive to steeply rising prices? This paper conducts an econometric study to show that high health-care costs have an adverse impact on labor productivity, causing a negative production externality in all industries. So, can the rising cost of health-care affect the U.S. comparative advantage? The paper seeks answers to these questions in a general equilibrium model and finds that the labor productivity shock is responsible for the sluggish or declining supply of health care. Consumers are able to afford less health care due to a possible decline in real wages. U.S. comparative advantage becomes a nonissue, provided that the equilibrium is stable in spite of a negatively sloped health-care supply curve. Negative externality, leading to market failure, may be addressed in two alternative ways". ("JEL" F11, I11, I12, I18) Copyright (c) 2009 Western Economic Association International.


The various chaperone activities of heat shock proteins contribute to ensuring cellular proteostasis. Here, we demonstrate the non-canonical unfoldase activity as an inherent functionality of the prokaryotic molecular chaperone Hsp33. The holding-inactive, reduced form of Hsp33 (RHsp33) strongly bound to the translational elongation factor, EF-Tu, and catalyzed the EF-Tu aggregation via evoking its aberrant folding, resulting in its susceptibility to proteolytic degradation by Lon. This interaction was critically mediated by the redox-switch domain of RHsp33 and the guanine nucleotide-binding domain of EF-Tu. The RHsp33-induced in vivo aggregation of EF-Tu upon heat shock was evident in a Lon-deficient strain and inhibited cell growth. Unlike wild-type Escherichia coli, the strain lacking both Hsp33 and Lon showed a non-reduced level of EF-Tu and diminished capability of counteracting heat shock. These findings suggest that the unique unfoldase/aggregase activity of Hsp33 potentially involved in protein turnover confers a cellular survival advantage under heat-stressed conditions.


The development of single-molecule detecting and manipulating techniques has made it possible to monitor the behavior of individual atom, molecule and atomic cluster in various environments. In this review, we concisely introduce the new experimental techniques including scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and optical tweezer technique. Through reviewing some latest progresses, the great impact on various subjects, such as physics, chemistry, biology and molecular electronics, coming from the single-molecular science is discussed. Some recent studies on the high resolution characterization, device and quantum manipulation basing on single-molecule through STM technique combining with density functional theory calculations are presented. Finally, we give a brief perspective about single-molecular science.


An apparatus has been constructed that permits the measurement of time-dependent changes in pressure near the point of vitrification. The same instrument is used for measuring steady-state PVT properties, which are necessary for a proper analysis of the dynamic measurements. The former experiments are referred to as pressure-jump volume-relaxation (PJVR) measurements and serve as a direct probe of the structural relaxation process that occurs in all glasses. Experiments have been performed on polystyrene from 110 to 150°C and up to 2 kbar using pressure steps of 500 bars. The qualitative observations are analogous to those obtained at atmospheric pressure by rapid changes in temperature, namely (1) nonlinearity, (2) asymmetry, and (3) memory effects associated with complicated temperature or pressure histories. Each of these effects is accounted for semiquantitatively by a phenomenological order-parameter model that has been extended to include the effect of pressure. Deviations between theory and experiment increase as temperature and pressure increase, this being manifest mostly in a predicted recovery curve (expansion isobar) that recovers the equilibrium volume more quickly than the experimental data; the contraction isobars are in most cases predicted within experimental error. The adjustable parameters of the model are found to vary somewhat with pressure and temperature, apparently due to variations in δ and Δκ. The activation volume suggests that 10–20 monomer segments are involved in the recovery process, assuming that the activation volume itself represents only a fraction of the dynamic unit (as observed in molecular glasses).


Biological research, including clinical trials, mainly uses animals as model organisms. Currently, animal experimentation remains controversial for several reasons, namely the implementation of animal protection and ethics panels, the high costs and the long duration of experiments. These constraints encourage researchers to use alternative methods in order to overcome these barriers.
The ciliate Tetrahymena is a unicellular eukaryotic organism that has contributed significantly to the acquisition of knowledge in the field of fundamental biology. Characterised by a well-ordered structure and a short life cycle, the protozoan Tetrahymena is very commonly used in the laboratory due to the ease involved in handling it. Therefore, this organism has allowed researchers to elucidate a number of mechanisms in higher organisms including mammals.
This bibliographic review describes the favourable biological characteristics of the protozoan Tetrahymena as well as various physiological and molecular studies that have been carried out on this organism. Studies have shown that Tetrahymena is one of the alternatives to animal experimentation and a major contributor to the development of biological and life sciences.


The New York Produce Exchange (NYPE) form is said to be the most widely used dry-cargo time charterparty form in the world. Twenty-two years after its last revision, in 2015 it was extensively revised. Such is the bizarre nature of the industry, however, that the form in current widespread use is not its immediate predecessor, a form well suited to the needs of modern commerce, but NYPE 1946, which is not (except by being heavily amended). So the new form is really intended to replace not a two-, but a seven-decade old form; it is only natural to speculate whether it will succeed, when both 1981 and 1993 revisions largely failed. But, even if NYPE 2015 fails in its entirety, there are interesting new clauses which might be used, even if the form as a whole is not. The new form in practice therefore presents alternatives: wholesale reform or an invitation to cherry-pick.


PURPOSE: A distribution board is provided to automatically operate a breaker by receiving a disconnection command from an administrator terminal. CONSTITUTION: A current detector(220) detects current which flows in a neutral conductor. An imaging detector(210) senses the imaging of the power supply device and detects whether the neutral conductor is connected or not. A power inspector(280) inspects the current detected from multiple current transformers installed in the power line. A controller(230) generates a control signal for image harmonic reduction and neutral conductor recovery. A neutral conductor recovery device(240) maintains the balance of single phase voltage. [Reference numerals] (210) Imaging detector; (220) Current detector; (230) Controller; (240) Neutral conductor recovery device; (250) Alarm generator; (260) Memory; (270) Communication module; (280) Power inspector


The scope of this paper is to compare two different approaches for solving the Wheeler–DeWitt (WDW) equation in the presence of homogeneous matter (inflaton) and perturbations around it. The standard Born–Oppenheimer (BO) decomposition, which consists of factorising out the gravitational wave function and then defining the flow of the time through it, and a more general BO decomposition where the whole minisuperspace wave function (i.e. scale factor and homogeneous scalar field) is factorized out. The two approaches are compared, for simplicity, in the case of a minimally coupled inflaton with a flat potential. Besides being exactly solvable, the model we study is also relevant as a toy model for ultra slow roll and primordial black holes formation. The consistency of the latter decomposition is checked against the former by comparing the resulting perturbation (Mukhanov–Sasaki) equations. Finally a few solutions to the homogeneous WDW not suitable for the traditional BO treatment are presented and the corresponding Mukhanov–Sasaki equations are evaluated.


Abstract : Expressions were developed for the complete radiation pattern from a finite axial slot on an infinite circular cylinder covered with a homogeneous, uniform plasma sheath. The resulting field expressions are functions of both the longitude angle and the polar angle. Numerical results were obtained for a thin lossless plasma to determine the variation of the field pattern with plasma frequency, plasma thickness, slot width, and cylinder radius. These results are presented graphically to illustrate various properties of the radiating system. (Author)


major divisions. Unit I, Faith and Witness, includes World Mission and Evangelism, the subsection that continues in modified form the aims of the former International MissionaIy Council. The account of the San Antonio (Texas) world conference in 1989 reflects other consultations "exploring how the gospel can be communicated with full respect for differing cultures" and religions (104). Unit 11, Justice and Service, the longest section, reveals how involved the WCC has become in the human condition worldwide. It is too bad that its centerpiece, the 1990 World Convocation on Justice, Peace and the Integrity of Creation (Seoul), occurred too late for fuller treatment here. Unit 111, Education and Renewal, includes the concerns of women and youth as well as theological education and the cultivation of spirituality. In many respects it touches the heart of the ecumenical future. Yet in my opinion the presentation could have disclosed more fervent commitment, particularly in light of the Canberra theme: "Come Holy Spirit-Renew the Whole Creation."


Classically the interaction between light and matter is given by the Maxwell relations. These are briefly reviewed and will be used as a basis to discuss several techniques that are used in optical spectroscopy. We then discuss the quantum mechanical description of the optical conductivity based on the Kubo formalism. This is used as a basis to understand how strong correlation effects can be observed using optical techniques. We will discuss the use of sum rules in the interpretation of optical experiments. Finally, we describe the effect of including interactions between electronic and collective degrees of freedom on optical spectra.


This chapter explores the development of Hungarian assertions of nationhood along political, linguistic and cultural lines. Cultural nationalism was indebted to the writings of Johann Gottfried von Herder, and by the 1830s, artists across Europe were making a national turn for inspiration and expression in their work, particularly in music. These ideas influenced Franz Liszt's adoption of Hungarian patriotism as well as his musical compositions. His book about Hungarian and Gypsy music reveals the tensions inherent in national identity creation as well as in Liszt's desire to be both original and civilized. Nationalism became a way for composers to be fresh and original, and to appeal to their new audiences. By 1850 art music culture increasingly reflected nationalist aspirations, particularly in the Habsburg lands. Liszt's travels to Central Europe and articulation of Hungarian patriotism illuminate several points about identity in the mid-nineteenth century.Keywords: Franz Liszt; Gypsy music; Hungarian patriotism; Romantic nationalism


I am delighted to be handing over to a new substantive Editor-in-Chief, Dr Mark Beattie. Mark has been an Associate Editor for ADC for the past 5 years. He is a paediatric gastroenterologist in Southampton, UK, but as well as his specialist work he has retained a signifi cant interest in general paediatrics. He has a prolifi c research output in spite of a full-time clinical commitment; he is president of the British Society of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition. He is full of new ideas to improve your journal, and I leave the editorial role in good hands.


Architects and engineers play an important role in the choice of innovative and environmentally sustainable materials and techniques. To define these materials and techniques, they mobilize competencies acquired throughout their lives. To learn the profile of the environmentally innovative architect and engineer in Brazil, we created a self-assessment instrument that allows us to identify essential characteristics in practice, namely, which competencies are mobilized when they choose an environmentally innovative material and/or technique. Our study uses the concept of competencies, which proposes an analysis of four dimensions: Professional, organizational, innovative and customer-related. The instrument consists of a validated scale of 64 items of professional profile evaluation, which was applied to 95 selected professionals. The items were elaborated based on a literature review and on the authors' personal experiences. We used the IRT (item response theory) model for psychometric analysis; our properties of interest were dimensionality, reliability, validity, and scalability. Because this instrument is divided into sections, it can be analyzed by blocks or as a single scale. It is ready to use, and its internal consistency ranges from acceptable to excellent, with varying degrees of difficulty for the latent traits.


Arguments are developed which show that, to a good approximation, the essential physics and many of the quantitative details pertaining to the relative rates of carrier–carrier, carrier–longitudinal optical phonon, and carrier–photon scattering in different quantum well structures can be understood in terms of a simplified approach. The latter is based on fundamental concepts of quantum theory and involves the separation of the matrix element in the scattering rate calculation into two simpler parts: an "energy effect" term and a "wave-function effect" term. As an application of the method, the question of attaining lasing action in the far-infrared (terahertz) region of the spectrum is discussed briefly.


Verapamil Hydrochloride is a calcium channel blocking anti-anginal agent. Extensive first pass metabolism, low bioavailability (~20%) and short biological half life (4.8 hrs) altogether makes it an ideal candidate for transdermal drug delivery. The objectives of this study were to develop matrix-type transdermal patches of verapamil hydrochloride (VPL) with combinations of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) and hydroxy propyl cellulose (HPC) as matrix polymers and to investigate the influence of oleic acid (OA) on in vitro permeation of VPL through rat skin. The permeation studies were performed using Franz-type diffusion cells and full-thickness excised abdominal rat skin. The effect of the polymers on the drug release, percentage moisture loss, percentage moisture absorption, folding endurance, and thickness, were investigated.. In vitro release studies showed zero-order release of the drug from all the patches, and the mechanism of release was diffusion mediated. Data was analysed using different release kinetic models. In vitro release profiles showed that from optimized combination the release of the drug was sustained and it extended over a period of 24 hr VPM 006 emerged as the most satisfactory formulation as far as its technological properties were concerned.


Light microscopy is a widely used tool in biomedical research. Fluorescence microscopy concentrates on quantitative and qualitative measurements of the fluorescent light emitted from the specimen under study. This is generally done using fluorescent molecules that can be tagged to antibodies, giving specific information about the micro-environment of the sample, i.e. oxygen concentration (tissue hypoxia), and/or to visualize specific structures, such as, tissue morphology (H & E), and blood vessel location (CD31). Biological applications of fluorescence microscopy such as imaging cut and stained tissue/tumour sections use specimens that 'overfill' the field of view of standard microscope objectives. An average tumour in these studies is 5-10 mm wide, while microscope objectives range in their field of view from -1 mm down to a few hundred microns, with smaller fields as magnification power increases. This can pose some difficulties for studies that look at the expression of a parameter across the entire specimen.


Single-mode fiber lasers with excellent beam quality and several-kilowatts output power are expected to realize both extraordinary processing speed and high aspect ratio in the material processing field. In this paper, we report an 8-kW output single-stage Yb-doped fiber laser with a BPP of 0.50 mm-mrad. The laser has a delivery fiber with a length of 3 m. To realize an 8-kW single-mode output without excess a stimulated Raman scattering threshold, fibers with a considerably large effective core area are employed. An ytterbium doped fiber is directly pumped by newly developed high-power laser diode modules with a total available pump power over 10 kW through a bi-directional pumping scheme. The laser has a high slope efficiency of 81%. The power of the SRS light around 1120 nm was 22 dB smaller than the fundamental laser power at 1070 nm. To the best of our knowledge, it is the smallest BPP with more than 8 kW output power pumped by an end-pumping regime. We believe the laser will contributes laser processing using a galvano scanner for high speed and high aspect ratio welding.


An improved method of a kind of multi-layer embedded enhancing integrated woven preform is pre-sented.This structure uses embedded enhancing method which provides more freedom for the intensity of the hollow spacing material in design.An experiment of the compressive performance for the multi-layer integrated woven composite,multi-layer embedded enhancing integrated woven composite and the embedded materials is conducted.The results indicate that the mechanical property of the embedded woven composites is better than the woven composites,and the enhanced coefficient of the plain pressing embedded woven preform and the resin reaches 1.40 which proves the rationality of the structural design.Besides,the side-pressing mechanical capability of the three materials is better than the plain pressing.


The Remote Sensing Group (RSG) at the University of Arizona Optical Sciences Center has been performing high accuracy laboratory calibration for over 20 years. An integral part of this laboratory calibration is the implementation of very accurate and repeatable transfer radiometers. This work highlights the design and characterization of one such radiometer. This particular radiometer is essentially an updated version of a previous radiometer designed and characterized by the RSG (Spyak 2000) with particular attention being paid to increased portability, ease of use and autonomous operation. This work also covers the characterization of this radiometer, including radiometric calibration, field of view, and general performance.


The separation of plutonium in spent fuel processing through reductive stripping is a very well established technology. Although a very effective reagent for reductive stripping of Pu, Ferrous Sulphamate (FeSM) adds significantly to non-evaporable salt-bearing effluent, a situation exacerbated due to its superstoichiometric consumption in the process. The process chemistry which leads to excessive ferrous consumption – commonly termed the 'box effect' – is a complex interplay of chemical reactions and mass transfer. We have developed a chemical model to describe the 'box effect' and incorporated it within powerful solvent extraction process models to describe and replicate the process in a counter-current mixer-settler battery at plant and laboratory scale. The chemical and process models have been validated against lab-scale experimental and plant operational data and can, therefore, be used to help justify flowsheet changes and examine a range of maloperation scenarios to support continued operation of the plant.


To understand the dialectal relationship between efficiency and equity is the theoretical premise of the reform of distribution system at university.The main problems that affect deepening the reform of distribution system are that the teacher-oriented management idea is not fully reflected,allowance income is not closely connected with the classification of posts,and the phenomenon of attaching importance to identity rather than posts is highlighting.To take account of efficiency and fairness in the distribution reform,give play to the inspiring role of assessment guidance,balance the interaction among teaching,research and management,and perfect the reform of distribution system are the effective measures to promote the reform of distribution system at university.


The word is a rhetorical one, PROSOPOPOEIA, which can be de fined as the imparting of human qualities to inanimate objec'ts, such ,as the thunder clapped or the stream murmured. Rep.rranging the twe,1~e letters, the following correlation or sentence is derived: I OPPOSE A POO R ! PROSOPOPOEIA. The followiI1¥ word puzzle, embodying this idea, appeared in the December 1978 Enigma of the National Puzzle rs 1 League: Wnen objects can be made to speak, It gives the writer scope. But I OPPOSE A POOR or weak Example of this trope.


Rapid growth of the energy sector has made environmental protection a highly complex and more difficult task. There is a pressing need for alternate sustainable supplies of energy. Geothermal re-sources have the potential of contributing significantly to sustainable energy use in many pans of the world. The technology, reliability, economics, and environmental acceptability of direct use of geo-thermal energy have been demonstrated throughout the world. Geothermal energy, Its potential, recovery, present scenario of utilization and its utility as a cleaner source has been discussed.


A shortage of obstetricians with increased workload is a social problem in Japan. In response, the government and professional bodies have accelerated the 'selection and concentration' of obstetric facilities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the recent trend of selection and concentration.


A new traceable low current source based on charging a capacitor by a ramp generator consisting of two digital-to-analog converters has been developed by MIKES. The current source has been compared with the ramp generator current source of PTB at currents between 10 fA and 100 pA. No significant deviations were observed at uncertainty levels ranging from about 20 μA/A at 100 pA to about 7 mA/A at 10 fA.


" DISCLAIMER: " The information contained in this paper does not represent the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) or the Department of Defense. DARPA does not guarantee the accuracy or reliability of the information in this paper. " Team IVS page 2 of 25 Executive Summary This paper highlights the technical status of the Intelligent Vehicle Systems (IVS) entry in the DARPA Urban Challenge (DUC). Additionally, we discuss our philosophical approach to the problem of autonomous vehicles, how this impacts the details of our design, challenges involved and testing required to achieve our goals. The motivation for participation is twofold – IVS not only wishes to contribute to the body of knowledge in the robotics community, but being comprised of major manufacturers, ultimately wants to bring these technologies to fruition for the greater benefit of society. Creating safe, intelligent vehicle systems for production-intent commercial and military applications imposes additional requirements beyond those of the DUC, both in design robustness and development time. As such, IVS is creating two identical platforms based on the Ford F-250, and dubbed eXperimental Autonomous Vehicles (XAV-250s). This dual approach will facilitate parallel testing and development. While this method carries some up-front time penalties, it will accelerate progress over the long term. At present, nearly all hardware components are installed and operational on both platforms, with testing of algorithms underway. It is fully anticipated that the team will have a vehicle capable of basic traffic operations in ample time for the site visit. 1. Introduction and Overview 1.1 Problem Statement While the mission statement for the DUC has been clearly communicated by DARPA in a variety of forums (participant's conference, press releases, official rules, the FAQ, etc.), what DARPA doesn't state is what it will take to accomplish solving the Challenge, nor how this fundamentally differs from the first or second DARPA Grand Challenge (DGC). Nominally featuring autonomous ground vehicles maneuvering in a mock city environment executing simulated military supply missions, it could be stated that the DUC is the first step toward a realistic autonomous ground vehicle application.


The Case: A 62-year-old woman had been admitted to hospital in July 1992 with flu-like symptoms and malaise. At that time, she had a 5-year history of hypertension and newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus. She denied having chest pain and had no pertinent family history. An electrocardiogram (ECG)


Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) is a type of attack in which the attacker tries to degrade the performance of server (or) network so that the server may not provide service to legitimate users. Since there is a huge increase in DDoS attacks which has created many financial losses in the E-Commerce world. To avoid the losses incurred because of DDoS attacks, efficient mechanisms are required to counter these attacks. In the proposed approach routers collectively try to mitigate the DDoS attack on the server. There are three steps in the proposed approach, initially, for attack detection and classification destination router (which is attached to the victim) monitors continuously the traffic pattern. Second, once the attack is detected destination router tries to balance the load using the NAT (Network Address Translator). Third, whenever the attack is detected to mitigate different types of attacks, the signature is pushback to upstream routers so that the upstream routers start monitoring the traffic and apply the mitigation mechanism depending on type of attack detected.


The sustainable development stresses the harmony between population,resources,environment,and social and economic development.And man is the premium for the sustainable development as well as the agent for such development.At present,there are a large amount of surplus laborers with relatively low caliber in addition to a large amount of population in poverty.These have become great barriers to the sustainable development in rural areas.Therefore,to get the sustainable development in rural areas,we have to control effectively the surplus rural laborers,improve their caliber and take some measure to reduce the population in poverty.


It introduces the mechanism of ultrasonic wire bonding,analyzes the material properties and the interface characteristics of the bonding for high-power IGBT module,and discusses the effects of bonding parameters on bonding strength.Several detection methods of bonding points?strength are recommended,the parameters are further adjusted through the test results,so that the optimal wire bonding process of high-power IGBT modules can be achieved.


We investigate here, mainly from the point of view of the hierarchies generated by different classes of systems, two variants of the parallel communicating grammar systems (PCGS) with communication by command: the multiple and, respectively, the single communication case. We show that the hierarchies for regular and linear components collapse in the single communication case and the hierarchy for context-sensitive components collapses in both multiple and single communication cases. By a result in [3], it will follow from our result on systems with context-sensitive components that also the hierarchy for context-free components collapses in both cases. Some open problems are also formulated.


Abstract : A spectrophotometric method for the quantitation of n-butyl 2-chloroethyl sulfide (BCS) has been developed using thymolphtalein as the chromogen. The chromophore produced by the reactants has a maximum absorbance at 444 millimicrons and absorbance is linear up to .000001 M BCS. This assay can provide quantitative measurements of the monofunctional mustard down to .000003 M.


The opinion is given that the Urban Mass Transportation Administration should be the financial resource of last resort, a type of investment banker, for capital assistance in transit projects thereby allowing states and local governments to play a larger role in funding for local services and thus eliminating much of the red tape which has caused and continues to cause costly delays in transit project planning and completion.


The widely used logistic regression may not be suitable to model binary outcomes in clinical trials. The present study compares and assesses various binary regression models such as logistic, log-binomial, Poisson and Cox proportional models for clinical trials. A dataset obtained from a clinical trial conducted on tuberculosis patients is used to illustrate the models. The estimated odds ratios from logistic regression severely overestimated the relative risks, thereby overestimating the overall relationship. Log-binomial and Poisson with sandwich covariance estimator were found to be suitable for estimating adjusted relative risks in clinical trials.


This paper discusses a new remotely-Accessible, serial-manipulator platform for robotics education. The hardware is an 18 degree of freedom manipulator that can lock any combination of its joints i ...


Influences of Anti-Bd Bacteria on Amphibians and their Microbiomes Emme L. Schmidt Director: Jake Kerby, Ph.D. The fungal pathogen Batrochochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) has been threatening amphibian populations across the globe. Recent work has discovered that bacteria isolated from certain populations of amphibians protect hosts from this pathogen. This project focuses on the anti-fungal mechanisms of Serratia marcescens, a species of bacteria isolated from a Costa Rican frog that dramatically inhibited Bd in culture. Wildtype and recombinant S. marcescens was introduced to the microbiomes of a live amphibian host, Acris blanchardi (Blanchard's Cricket Frog) and then challenged with Bd to examine the protective effects of this bacteria. The experiment includes recombinant S. marcescens with the genetic pathway responsible for the production of prodigiosin interrupted. This work observed significantly greater movement among frogs treated with wild-type Sm when compared to the other bacteria treatments. There were also significant differences in mean mass and snout-vent length (SVL) between the washed and unwashed treatments. In particular, mean SVL was greater in washed frogs compared to unwashed frogs of the wild-type Sm and no bacteria treatments. These efforts will aid in the future conservation of amphibian species worldwide.


With the Archaeology work done in the Three Gorges Dam area, more and more relics of Ba have been discovered in recent years. In the past three excavations, about 130 earthern-shaft tombs had been discovered in Yujiaba site, most of them with wooden funeral chambers inside. Among all the burial articles,bronze weapons are the most characteristic. These tombs were dated from the last stage of Warring States period to the early stage of Xihan dynasty. The discoveries of Yujiaba tombs could provide value data to the study of the Ba′s history, society and the relationship with Chu state and Qin state.


Understanding diversity is important in our inclusive society to hedge against ignorance and accommodate plural perspectives. Diversity nowadays can be observed in online social spaces. People from different backgrounds (e.g. gender, age, culture, expertise) are interacting every day around online digital objects (e.g. videos, images and web articles) leaving their social content in different format, commonly as textual comments and profiles. The social clouds around digital objects (i.e. user comments, user profiles and other metadata of digital objects) offer rich source of information about the users and their perspectives on different domains. Although, researchers from disparate disciplines have been working on understanding and measuring diversity from different perspectives, little has been done to automatically measure diversity in social clouds. This is the main objective of this research. This research proposes a semantic driven computational model to systematically represent and automatically measure diversity in a social cloud. Definitions from a prominent diversity framework and Semantic Web techniques underpin the proposed model. Diversity is measured based on four diversity indices - variety, balance, coverage and (within and across) disparity with regards to two perspectives – (a) domain, which is captured in user comments and represented by domain ontologies, and (b) user, which is captured in profiles of users who made the comments and represented by a proposed User Diversity Ontology. The proposed model is operationalised resulting in a Semantic Driven Diversity Analytics Tool (SeDDAT), which is responsible for diversity profiling based on the diversity indices. The proposed approach of applying the model is illustrated on social clouds from two social spaces - open (YouTube) and closed (Active Video Watching (AVW-Space)). The open social cloud shows the applicability of the model to generate diversity profiles of a large pool of videos (600) with thousands of users and comments. Closed social clouds of two user groups around same set of videos illustrate transferability and further utility of the model. A list of possible diversity patterns within social clouds is provided, which in turn deepen the understanding of diversity and open doors for further utilities of the diversity profiles. The proposed model is applicable in similar scenarios, such as in the social clouds around MOOCs and news articles.


We have engaged in active exploration on how to improve teaching effectiveness of Ideological and Moral Cultivation and Legal Basis.We used many methods,such as changing teaching concepts,studying teaching content,reforming teaching and test methods etc.and have achieved a certain degree of success.


BACKGROUND: Though glioblastoma is aptly considered a diffuse invasive disease, occasionally the blood supply to the tumor falls within the vascular distribution of a single artery. In these instances, patients who suffer a stroke in the region of brain involved with tumor can sometimes survive much longer than one might expect, even in the absence of treatment. METHODS: In this single-institution retrospective analysis, we identified four non-consecutive glioblastoma patients who experienced a stroke following diagnosis. Glioblastoma pathology was confirmed by review at our institution in patients who were initially diagnosed elsewhere. RESULTS: All four patients remain alive, with ages ranging from 31 to 74. Stroke occurred following initial diagnosis in 1 patient, after first recurrence in 1 patient, and after second recurrence in 2 patients. Stroke resulted in permanent KPS decline of 10-20 in all patients. Three of the 4 patients are still progression-free; in the fourth, progression occurred outside the infarcted area. Survival from diagnosis: 48.5 mo, 103.2 mo, 108.2 mo, and 145.8 mo. Survival from stroke: 14.5 mo, 102.7 mo, 67.8 mo, and 74.0 mo, respectively. Survival since last treatment (in the 3 patients who are progression-free): 27.1 mo, 47.8 mo, 74.0 mo. CONCLUSION: Long-term survival with glioblastoma is uncommon, particularly following recurrence, and particularly in the absence of ongoing treatment. Though stroke is in general a poor prognostic factor for patients with glioblastoma, here we highlight the possibility that the acute vascular disruption that results from strokes can occasionally arrest tumor growth. Although endovascular embolization is unlikely to ever be considered an appropriate treatment for glioblastoma, these findings support the notion that vascular disrupting agents and endovascular therapies that are limited to a single vascular territory may have a role in the treatment of select patients.


The paper describes a mathematical model of magnetic hydrodynamics and heat transfer in an aluminum electrolyzer. The model takes into account three phases: gas, electrolyte and metal, and investigates their interaction. Mathematical modeling of the dynamics of the aluminumelectrolyte interface is carried out depending on the potential distribution over the anode for the Soderberg electrolyzer and the multi-anode electrolyzer. A numerical study made it possible to conclude that the Soderberg electrolyzer is less MHD-stable than a multi-anode electrolyzer with burnt anodes. Calculations of MHD stability are carried out when changing the shape of the working space of the bath for various forms of accretion and skull. The interface between the electrolyte-metal media and the boundary of the reverse oxidation zone, which is determined by the spatial distribution of the gas phase, were calculated. The calculations make it possible to accurately predict the development of MHD instability in the bath under various conditions of the process, which minimizes the loss of metal current efficiency


This study was carried out to determine the potential effects of ginger and coriander on reducing lipid oxidation of cooked patties of Mackerel (Scomber scombrus) during
refrigerated storage. Four treatments were used consisting offish + coriander (1 %), fish + ginger (1 %), fish + ginger (0.5%) + coriander (0.5%) and fish only as a control. Lipid oxidation was evaluated based on the total lipid content, peroxide value and free fatty acid value. Samples were also sensory evaluated for rancid odor. From this study, antioxidant activity increased in the order of coriander < ginger + coriander < ginger, lipid oxidation
increased in the order of coriander > ginger + coriander > ginger. From the observation for 12 days of refrigerated storage (4 °C), it was found that rancidity increased with storage period. The degree of rancid odor increased in the order of coriander > ginger + coriander > ginger.


The article is concerned with corporate culture as a multifaceted socio-cultural phenomenon, based on the values of professionalism. It serves as an accelerator for the innovative transformations, where the so-called «human factor» is in the centre of attention. Corporate culture being an integral part of modern social life is considered in philosophical and anthropological plane. Philosophical and anthropological approach to the issue of corporate culture enables to reveal its impact on a modern man, whose life is greatly influenced by the logics of active and mobile society. In order to fully understand the problems of corporate culture it is necessary to distinguish the image as its important constituent. The purpose of the research is the philosophical reflection of the problem of image as a part of corporate culture, understanding of its content and importance for the development of effective systems of social management, promoting understanding of the socio-psychogenetic trends of the current stage of civilization development. The image formation is based on the results of the organization's activity, means of advertising, media and communications, the development of public relations – PR, etc. A socially promising and socially responsible way of getting results of the activities are also very important in the process of image formation. It helps to create trust in the organization, promote sales and gain a good company's reputation. The image of the organization is analyzed as a concept consisting of two components: descriptive (or information) that reflects the image of the organization, and evaluative, which exists because any information about the organization encourages public evaluations, emotions, which may have different intensities and may be either accepted or rejected. The author of the article investigates historical roots of the emergence of the above mentioned phenomenon which goes back to the times of the Bible character Aaron, Israel's first high priest and the brother of Moses. Aaron speaking to the people instead of Moses was called by God as the mouth of Moses and his prophet. Machiavelli, having the feeling of image and developed image thinking, is considered to be one of the first «theorists» of the image. The main feature of such thinking lies in the ability to reflect and act in interpersonal space, predicting people's reactions and correlating their actions with these reactions. In general, the term «image» appeared not long ago with the beginning of democratic changes in society. The author considers that not all problematic questions connected with research of the image as bases of formation of corporate culture can be highlighted within one publication. Among such problems first of all it is necessary to call new forms of corporate image which result from the formation of structures of global management. This perspective goes beyond philosophical-anthropological analysis into the plane of social philosophy and can be considered as an open question.


hand, but its accessibility is narrowed, and the elite alone can savor it. All this is to the credit of Duras, of course, for her evolution, in spite of the many titles penned since Moderato cantabile, has been qualitative above all. In Iron Curtain countries, where artistic popularity must please the state, it is refreshing to note the continued appreciation of the intelligentsia for the ethereal and for the crypticity of the chiaroscuro of Durasian novels.


To study the stratigraphical characteristics of the dongrong fom ation in sanjiang basin.Characteristic having introduced that east glory forms rock sex and electricity sex;Palaeontologics of glorious group of east characteristic;Ancient times of glorious group of east organism's habits characteristic.


The invention provides a novel rice milling crushing and threshing all-in-one machine, which comprises a machine frame, a power machine, a shell, a machine core which is formed in the shell and is matched with a main shaft, a feed hopper which is arranged at the upper end of the shell, a discharge hole formed at the lower end of the shell, a rice milling driven wheel and a crushing threshing driven wheel which are arranged at one end of the main shaft, a power conversion device which is arranged on the power machine and consists of a first transmission wheel and a second transmission wheel, a crushing assembly, a threshing assembly and a rice milling assembly; a threshing sieve frame consists of connecting plates which are symmetrical with each other and round steel which is fixedly connected to the connecting plates; a feeding hole is formed in an upper box body, and a feeding inclined hopper which is connected with the feeding hole is also arranged on the upper box body; and one end of the threshing sieve frame is hinged to a lower box body, and the other end of the threshing sieve frame is provided with a discharge guide vane which extends to a corncob discharge hole of the lower box body. By the rice milling crushing and threshing all-in-one machine, the technical problems of inconvenience for use, high manufacturing cost and the like are solved, so the rice milling crushing and threshing all-in-one machine has the advantages of low cost, convenience for use and the like.


Despite extensive astrocyte activation in patients suffering from HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND), little is known about the contribution of astrocytes to HAND neuropathology. Here, we report that the robust activation of neurotoxic astrocytes (A1 astrocytes) in the CNS promotes neuron damage and cognitive de�cits in HIV-1 gp120 transgenic mice. Notably, knockout of α 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors ( α 7nAChR) blunts A1 astrocyte responses, ultimately facilitating neuronal and cognitive improvement in the gp120tg mice. Furthermore, we provide evidence that Kynurenic acid (KYNA), a tryptophan metabolite with α 7nAChR inhibitory property, attenuates gp120-induced A1 astrocyte formation through blockade of α 7nAChR/JAK2/STAT3 signaling activation. Meanwhile, compared with gp120tg mice, mice fed with tryptophan showed dramatic improvement in cognitive performance, which was related to the inhibition of A1 astrocyte responses. These initial and determinant �ndings mark a turning point in our understanding of the role of α 7nAChR in gp120-mediated A1 astrocyte activation, which opens new opportunities to control neurotoxic astrocyte generation through KYNA and tryptophan administration.


Plant salt tolerance is a complex trait controlled by multiple genes. In recent years, considerable attention has been directed toward elucidating the molecular basis of plant salt tolerance, and numerous salt related genes have been identified. High salinity is one of the most serious threats to crop production. To understand better the molecular basis of plant responses to salt stress, a comprehensive knowledge of the up-and down-regulating genes under salt stress is necessary. Solanum lycopersicum is a moderately salt tolerant crop species with considerable economic importance in salinity affected arid and semi-arid regions of the world. In this study, the tomato cultivars "Pusa Ruby" (PR) and "Punjab Keshari" (PK) were used for transcriptional profiling under salinity stress (200 mM NaCl for 6 h), using semi-quantitative RT-PCR. The experiment was designed to target ten defense related genes in roots and leaves of two-month-old plants. A comparable transcript expression profile of up-regulated and down-regulated genes has been created in two different varieties of tomato, in response to salinity. The study confirmed that transcriptional responses differed in leaves and roots, indicating that the molecular mechanisms for responses to the stress in tomato leaves were distinct from those in the roots. Our results revealed a differential expression of all the targeted genes under study in both cultivars of tomato. A higher level of expression of stress responsive genes in PK leaves in comparison to PR leaves, together with a much higher basal expression of the targeted genes targeted in our study suggested a more effective defense system in PK.


A combustion device includes a sensor for measuring at least one combustion gas component. The sensor comprises a membrane which is permeable to the gas (component) by means of diffusion and a heating element (6) for the membrane (3).


The spare part inventory is an important section that must be managed and controlled in the company, primarily because this section supports the provision of spare parts for the manufacturing process.  An excellent spare part inventory management system matches the records in the SAP system in the warehouse and the actual physical evidence.  The problem faced by the consumer goods company was the difference between recording in the SAP system and the physical evidence for non-consumable goods.  By implementing improvements to the spare part management system for receiving and picking up goods in the warehouse, data discrepancies can be eliminated on non-consumable spare parts consisting of refurbished and new spare parts.  The improvement was implementing the transit area and the 5S practices in the activities conducted in the spare part warehouse.  The transit area is intended for comprehensive checking between warehouse personnel and other department involved with the goods stored or picked up.  Refurbished and new items are more organized, making it easier to place and pick up items.


It is play a important role in improving the quality of workers engaging music that using the classical esthetics of China for reference, feel the beauty of the music, show it and create it.


This study aims to investigate Korean English learners' speech act of request, specifically focusing on the preference of strategy use and request speech formation. 89 college students participated in the study and completed two multiple choice formated DCTs. The results indicate that participants preferred to use 'query preparatory' (as request strategy) and 'external modification'+'internal modification'+'head act' (as request speech formation), although the preference possibly changes due to the complexity of the relation among social variables. This study also found that English proficiency has a relation with the preference of request speech formation while gender has a relation with the preference of request strategy use. The directions of further studies were discussed with the limitations of this study.


The effect of annealing on samples prepared by ball milling of a mixture of CaS, Ga2S3, and Ce2S3 powders was investigated. When the mixture of powders was ball-milled for 1 h, no crystalline CaGa2S4:Ce was formed, and by subsequent annealing at 400 °C, CaGa2S4:Ce crystallites were formed. When the mixture powder was ball-milled for 5 h, nanometer-sized CaGa2S4:Ce crystallites were mechanochemically synthesized without heat treatment. By subsequent annealing of the crystallites at several temperatures from 300 to 800 °C, the strain on the mechanochemically synthesized Ce-doped CaGa2S4 nanometer-sized crystallites was removed and crystallites of about dozens of nanometer size were retained by 500 to 600 °C annealing.


The walls and gates of the early castra which formed the nucleus of Ostia are indicated. The identification of the Capitolium is accepted, and it has a counterpart in the Temple of Rome and Augustus at the opposite end of the Forum. The significance of tenements and warehouses emerges with greater clearness in the light of twelve more years of excavating activity. The museum in the picturesque Renaissance castle has gained in importance. The care shown by the administration has made it possible for the ruins to be not only studied and preserved but enjoyed as well.


This article deals with the question about strengthening the role of independent work of future teachers of mathematics and with the exercises that enable to implement the principles of the level differentiation of students independent work on the topic Numerical series.


It introduces the specifics and the form of section of tunnel water tight material,discusses the frost-resistant steps that common used in the design of tunnel liner and the problems should attention in the design,and puts forward that it is the main steps to water saving irrigation and increase the water utility coefficient of tunnel water tight.


This paper presents a novel construction method of irregular Low-density parity-check (LDPC)codes based on Quasi-cyclic (QC) structure and zigzag pattern. By using the proposed method, a class of irregularand highly structured LDPC codes can be designed withthe advantages of low storage requirement and linear timeencoding complexity. The constructed codes are called Irregular repeat-accumulate like (IRA-like) codes since theirparity-check matrices are similar with those of IRA codes,which all contain a sparse zigzag pattern submatrix. Theleft part of the parity-check matrix of IRA-like codes is akind of circulant permutation matrix. A best-effort analyzing method for optimizing the cycle structure of IRAlike codes is presented. We further details the proper constraints for avoiding short cycles and low-weight codewords. Simulation results show that the proposed IRA-likecodes have low encoding complexity, good iterative decoding performance and flexible choice of code parameters.


Research data management is an activity to create data and plan data, organize data, store and share data. This study analyzes two of the four main activities in research data management, storing and sharing data. This study uses a qualitative method with respondents from researchers, librarians, and head of laboratories from 8 research institutions in the field of social sciences. The method of data collection is interviews with resource persons. The results of this study are that data storage activities are generally still carried out by each individual researcher. Only 2 institutions from 8 institutions collected research data at the institution. The data storage media used is still focused on individual computers (personal computers). The research data sharing activity is limited to the members of the research team. There is one researcher who shares research data with individuals outside the institution due to proximity. Then the most widely used media to share research data is email.


The ability to diversify our economy and into the path of industrialization, is part of a debate on the political agenda that seeks no longer argue about whether to industrialize or not, but rather how we are going to do. In this analysis, the business sector to seek input in this process is rarely taken into account. In that sense, this paper seeks to contribute to this analysis from a historical perspective, going into 1935. This year is chosen because the main analysis is based on an article written in that year published by the National Society of Industries. This text contains interviews and industrialists from the time we come to their conception of protectionism. The different views on this policy and bel should explain what these different approaches will be the central analysis of the article.


First-order rate constants for the acid catalysed hydrolysis of ω-diazoacetophenone and twelve meta- and para-substituted diazoacetophenones in a water–dioxan mixture have been measured at four different temperatures. Except for the p-methoxy- and p-ethoxy-derivatives the results at each temperature are well correlated by the Hammett substituent constants.Experiments at intermediate temperatures did not support the temperature-dependence of some of the activation parameters indicated by preliminary experiments. Most of the compounds studied have approximately the same apparent enthalpy of activation. The apparent activation entropies are in the approximate range +9 to –6 cal.°K–1. It is possible that a compensating relationship exists between ΔH* and ΔS* in the case of the meta-halogen-substituted diazoacetophenones studied.


During their transition from lower to upper secondary education, young peoplemake educational and occupational choices driven by their aspirations. Such aspirations are shaped by the individuals' social environment, their idea of what seems achievable and desirable, and their experiences. Therefore, aspirations can change during the transitional phase. In this article, we explore the development of educational and occupational aspirations of young people over three years. At the start of the study period, the students were attending the lower track in lower secondary education, the so‐called Neue Mittelschule (8th grade), in the city of Vienna in the 2017–2018 academic year. Drawing on the panel survey data (2018–2020) of the Pathways to the Future project, we simultaneously explore stability and change of educational and occupational aspirations. We describe different patterns of change in aspirations and analyse the influence of sociodemographic characteristics and prior achievement on these patterns. Using latent transition analysis, we identify 11 patterns of aspirations with important differences depending on social background. Most of the students have stable aspirations. However, the results show that school performance, migration background, and the level of parental education play important roles in explaining different levels and patterns of aspirations over time. These longitudinal analyses of educational and occupational aspirations provide important insights into the transition process.


This bachelor thesis deals with the dance artist, theorist and choreographer Rudolf Laban and the selected parts of Laban Movement Analysis (LMA). It focuses on the possibilities of using LMA in dance and movement education of children and youth. It introduces Laban's ideas on dance and movement education of children of different ages along with basic movement themes which can be applied in education of dance and movement. The thesis briefly presents Laban's publications related to education. The author further describes her own experience with application of LMA (which she studied at Academy of Performing Arts in Prague) and gives particular examples of applying LMA in education.


government has recognised that neither the public sector nor existing private companies are capable of fully absorbing the numbers of young people entering the labour market. Despite comfortable growth levels in line with government targets, the economy is not producing enough paid employment for young people. This is true, both for the formal, regulated sector, as it is for the informal sector that provides an occupation for the bulk of the population outside agriculture. In view of this, the government has earmarked large sums to finance an extensive and comprehensive set of job-creation initiatives aimed specifically at young people, including Enhancing Livelihoods for Young People in Ethiopia


The purpose of this research was to explore the perception of Muslim Travelers toward Halal Tourism supporting facilities on the Sembalun Lawang village. The research method that used in this research was descriptive method. This research shown the Toilet, Trash and places of worship are becoming the most important means of desired by the tourists who visit the Sembalun regions.The researcher found the condition of the Hotel or other accommodation danTempat Worship is there in halal tourism Sembalun regions, East Lombok Regency is very good compared with the condition of the other supporting facilities. The travelers feel facilities that easy to reach within in the Sembalun Lawang are worship place, the Hotel/accommodation/Lodging, restaurant/dining and two wheeled vehicle parking Area. The results of this research suggest to Government and societies of Sembalun Lawang immediately provide toilets and Trash at every attraction in the Sembalun Lawang. The Government should immediately set up hotels and other akodomasi so that sufficient for the number of tourists coming to the Sembalun Lawang and not to interfere with the natural landscape Sembalun regions as the main attraction of this area. Faslilitas parking for tour buses should be immediately provided. For the banking and Government should cooperate in facilitating ATM for tourists to take the cash. Keywords: Perception, Travellers, Muslims, A Means Of Supporting Tourism, Halal, Sembalun Regions Mace


reforms transforming nineteenth-century society. From 1876 to 1896, Dr. Edward Bliss Foote's penchant for discussing sex and marketing contraceptives shared the pages with his drive to promote free speech. It was a combination born out of the era's obsession with obscenity, labeled "Comstockery" by George Bernard Shaw. Foote took it personally when moralist Anthony Comstock persuaded Congress to include items intended to prevent conception among "obscene, lewd, or lascivious" materials banned from the mail when enacting the laws best known as the Comstock Act. Since the 1860s, Foote had sold through the mail out of an office in New York City on Lexington Avenue four types of birth control along with a few potions and medical advice. An easy target for Comstock, Foote was convicted on obscenity charges in 1876 and fined $3,500. Afterward, he modified his prosperous medical practice and publishing business to comply with the laws and, joined by his son, launched the Health Monthly as ajournai of health-care information and the voice of opposition to Comstock.


SUMMARY CCT is required to regulate interorganelle contact sites through kinesin‐1 dynamics, modulating peroxisome and mitochondria activity, and ultimately controlling lipid cell content and metabolism.


In order to further the understanding of Phytoncide, we developed several teaching materials. They were the effect of plants of E. coli, the effect of plants on Eugelna and the effect of plants on fruit fly. The results of our work found that garlic inhibited the growth of E. coli, and a lemon solution inhibited the activity of Euglena. We made the lesson about Phytoncide in two high schools. The students got good experimental results and they could understand the function of Phytoncide. Therefore, it is considered that the teaching materials about Phytoncide which we developed, were useful for high school education.


Abstract : This study was conducted to examine the effect of quality of service for customer satisfaction. The population used in this study there are 12.621 customer using prepaid electricity in Tuah Karya, the sample in this study were 96 customer, type of data used is qualitative data. Data analysis technique using multiple linear analysis, t test and f test with significance level of 0.05%.The result showed that the dimentions of service quality (tangibel,reliability,responsiveness,assurance,and empathy) affect the customer satisfaction. Based on the partial results of the study showed tangibel of positive and significant effect on the customer satisfaction, responsiveness of positive and significant effect on the customer satisfaction, reliability of positive and significant effect on the customer satisfaction, assurance of positive and significant effect on the customer satisfaction,and empathy of positive and significant effect on the customer satisfaction. The coefficient of determination shows that quality of service affect 84,4% and the remaining 15,6% are not described in this research model. Keywords : quality of service,customer satisfaction


Based on long‐term fieldwork in rural Eastern Uganda, this paper explores the use of Bourdieu's concepts of capital and habitus to analyse local understandings of resources and strategies for health. In this local Ugandan context health cannot be taken for granted, but requires persistent effort. In local terms, health is broadly described as having a 'good life' and this is experienced as a social achievement conditioned by access to a variety of human and material resources. Wealth, unity with others, learnedness, 'smartness', and bodily strength are described by local people as key resources for a 'good life'. Bourdieu's concepts of economic, social, cultural and symbolic capital are applied in discussing the dynamics of how these local resources are converted into different forms of capital in the quest for health. It is argued that in order to more fully analyse how people think about, and strive for, health, a concept of bodily capital may be a useful addition to Bourdieu's original forms of capital.


The present invention is directed to latent crosslinkable thickener composition with a modified polymeric thickeners to include functionality capable of forming crosslinks in time after. Its potential crosslinking thickeners, along with thickening properties to provide a film, an improvement in coating or viscosity.


Journalists plunge into a social drama in which they interact with other actors, witness an event, and translate their observations into sensible texts to communicate with audiences who are not 'on location'. A journalist's account is the partial representation of the very reality that he or she constructs at the moment of witnessing an event within a specific context. A journalistic text thus does not merely create the archive, but works as the repertoire that invites us to participate in a continuous meaning-making process during subsequent memory constructions. Based on media coverage of the Korean War in 1950 by Life and Time magazines, this article identifies five plausible scenarios of how US journalists performed acts of witnessing the unknown battlefield of Korea. This exploration prods readers to critically appreciate both the journalist's role as memory agent and the journalistic text as the repertoire in our act of remembering.


After analysing the end point error of Ringbom and the viewpoint of Яцимирский,it is pointed out that they are interlinked in basic idea.


Terephthalic acid, being widely used, is an important industrial chemical product. Mostly, it is manufactured with chemical methods, the oxidation of p-xylene by inorganic catalysts. But the chemical methods need harsh conditions and produce large amounts of heavy-metal waste. So this paper also introduced its microbial production-method. Combining with existing technique, the prospect of producing terephthalic acid with microbial methods was put forward.


Abstract. We present ship-borne measurements of NOx (≡ NO + NO2) and NOy (≡ NOx + gas- and particle-phase organic and inorganic oxides of nitrogen) in summer 2017 as part of the expedition Air Quality and climate change in the Arabian Basin (AQABA). The NOx and NOz (≡ NOy–NOx) measurements, made with a thermal dissociation cavity-ringdown-spectrometer (TD-CRDS), were used to examine the chemical mechanisms involved in the processing of primary NOx emissions and their influence on the NOy budget in chemically distinct marine environments, including the Mediterranean Sea, the Red Sea, and the Arabian Gulf which were influenced to varying extents by emissions from shipping and oil and gas production. In all regions, we find that NOx is strongly connected to ship emissions, both via direct emission of NO and via the formation of HONO and its subsequent photolytic conversion to NO. Mean NO2 lifetimes were 3.9 hours in the Mediterranean Sea, 4.0 hours in the Arabian Gulf and 5.0 hours in the Red Sea area. The cumulative loss of NO2 during the night (reaction with O3) was more important than daytime losses (reaction with OH) over the Arabian Gulf (by a factor 2.8) and over the Red Sea (factor 2.9), whereas over the Mediterranean Sea, where OH levels were high, daytime losses dominated (factor 2.5). Regional ozone production efficiencies (OPE) ranged from 10.5 ± 0.9 to 19.1 ± 1.1. This metric quantifies the relative strength of photochemical O3 production from NOx, compared to the competing sequestering into NOz species. The largest values were found over the Arabian Gulf, consistent with high levels of O3 found in that region (10–90 percentiles range: 23–108 ppbv). The fractional contribution of individual NOz species to NOy exhibited a large regional variability, with HNO3 generally the dominant component (on average 33 % of NOy) with significant contributions from organic nitrates (11 %) and particulate nitrates in the PM1 size range (8 %).


Videos (including commercial films, films made for teaching and films on public websites) are being used in higher education in many different subject areas. With the arrival of websites such as YouTube, students can access material of varying quality and content on numerous topics. The purpose of this research has been to investigate student perceptions of the use of video in lectures and seminars in order to assess whether video can enhance student learning and encourage critical engagement with topics. Based on feedback from 134 questionnaires and 20 semi‐structured interviews, we highlight some key issues in using video in teaching and learning. Overall, it will be suggested that video can provide useful material for students to engage with, but it needs to be used as part of an overall blended learning approach.


We design an IF digital interleave I and Q receiver with an ADC and AD6620 chip.It can be controlled easily through using Pc,with simple structure,easy realization,high accuracy,and little error.


Global custody has quickly developed into an area driven by technology and the law has had trouble keeping up with the pace of these advances resulting in a legal "black-hole". This book offers a lucid legal analysis of the domestic and cross-border aspects of the global custody industry. It helps the reader to cut through the legal ambiguities raised by the electronic and cross-border nature of the securities markets. It addresses legal risk through reducing legal uncertainty, and indicates how legal exposures can be contained by appropriate drafting and account arrangements. The book's comprehensive analysis and discussion includes: the duties and liabilities of the custodian; depositary receipts; conflicts of law (for the securities markets generally, and in relation to negotiability, taking security and custodian insolvency). It also examines the use of securities as collateral and securities settlement (general principles of legal settlement risk, together with chapters on the major UK settlement systems).


The Travelling Salesman problem is a classic NP-Hard problem which can be solved nearly optimally by Minimum Spanning Trees and Simulated Annealing. The MST 2x approach guarantees a tour that is no longer than twice length of optimal tour. The Simulated Annealing finds nearly optimal solution given a schedule that reduces its temperature sufficiently slowly. The goal of this project is to implement different approaches (Brute Force, MST 2x and Simulated Annealing) for solving Travelling Salesman Problem, and compare them for optimality of solution and computation time.


We propose a cooperative concatenated coding scheme in multi-hop multiple access relay networks, where the parity bits generated in the previous hops are concatenated with those in the next hop such that the error recovery capability improves as the information travels through the network. It is based on the idea of cross-hop cooperation where the cooperation occurs across multiple hops, as opposed to the traditional cooperation within a hop. This approach enables the network coding gain to grow with each additional hop, which allows the relay nodes closer to the final destination to reduce their transmit powers. This feature is particularly useful in compensating the increased energy consumption from relaying more data as the data merge to the destination in multiple access relay networks. We derive the average probability of decoding error and throughput, averaged over all possible node locations, as a function of the number of hops taking into account the lossy nature of wireless links. We show how the relays should be traded across hops in order to maximize the end-to-end performance.


The specific electrical conductivity of the layers of composite nanomaterials in the composition of biological materials (bovine serum albumin (BSA), microcrystalline cellulose (MC)) and single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) was investigated. Aqueous dispersions of biological composite nanomaterials contained ∼25 wt.% BSA and ∼0.47 wt.% SWCNT, ∼7 wt.% CMC and ∼0.19 wt.% SWCNT. The dispersion was applied by screen printing on biopolymer substrates. After drying, the formed layers had area ∼10×10 mm2, thickness ∼10 µm. Samples were subjected to laser radiation from ytterbium fiber pulsed laser (a wavelength of 1064 nm, a pulse duration 100 ns). Non-irradiated samples were considered controls. From the dimensions of the layer and from the measured resistance R, the conductivity was determined. The following results were obtained. Samples that were not laser irradiated showed lower conductivity values. The layers of biological composite nanomaterials irradiated with a laser have acceptable values of electrical conductivity, good adhesion to the substrate surfaces and are promising for use in medical practice, for example, to create strain sensors for various parts of the body.


This paper considers two modes of partially accelerated life tests for items having Weibull lifetime distributions. In a use-to-acclerated mode each item is first run at use condition and, if it does not fail for a specified time, then it is run at accelerated condition until a predetermined censoring time. In an accelerated-to-use mode each one is first run at accelerated condition and, if it does not fail for a specified time, then it is run at use condition. Maximum likelihood estimators of the parameters of the lifetime distribution at use condition, and the 'acceleration factor' are obtained. The stress change time for each mode is determined to minimize the asymptotic variance of the acceleration factor, and the two modes are compared. For selected values of the design parameters the optimum plans are obtained, and the effects of the incorrect pre-estimates of the design parameters are investigated. Minimizing the generalized asymptotic variance of the estimators of the model parameters is also considered as an optimality criterion.


William C. McDevitt THE EFFECT OF ABBOTT PARITY FUNDING ON INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC PROGRAMS IN THE STATE OF NEW JERSEY 2007 Dr. Rick Dammers Master of Arts The funding of poor urban schools in the State of New Jersey was increased in 1997 by the New Jersey Supreme Court Abbott v. Burke decision. The purpose of this study is to determine if this parity funding has had an effect on instrumental music education in the State. Data was collected from a sample consisting of all 55 Abbott schools and a stratified sample of 60 non-Abbott schools representing all District Factor Groups. Additional data was collected from State and Region educational organizations. A low return rate of 21% (Abbott n = 5, non-Abbott n = 19) limited the reliability of the results to research questions on differences between Abbott and non-Abbott schools in student participation, budgets, caliber of performance, and teacher job satisfaction. Additional data did show a difference between Abbott and non-Abbott schools in participation in State and Region ensemble auditions, with Abbott schools being underrepresented in all


Quantum groups have been studied within several areas of mathematics and mathematical physics. This has led to different approaches, each of them with their own techniques and conventions. Starting with Hopf algebras, where there is a general consensus, moving in the direction of topological quantum groups, where there is no such consensus, it is easy to get lost. Not only many difficulties have to be overcome, but also several choices must be made. The way this is done is often confusing. Some choices even turn out to be rather annoying. As an introductory lecture at the conference on Topological quantum groups and Hopf algebras in 2016, we have explained these choices, difficulties and annoyances, encountered on the road from Hopf algebras to topological quantum groups. In these notes, we discuss more aspects of the development of locally compact quantum groups. We not only explain some of these difficulties in greater detail, but we also give background information about the different steps, combined with some historical comments. We start with finite quantum groups and continue with discrete quantum groups, compact quantum groups and algebraic quantum groups. Multiplicative unitaries are an important side track before we finally arrive at locally compact quantum groups. Along the way, we also formulate some interesting remaining problems in the theory.


This Order sets forth rules on aliens who are exempt from the general requirement of Organic Law No. 7/1985 that an alien must have a work permit to work in Spain. Among such exempt persons are technicians and scientists invited by the state, teachers invited by a Spanish University, personnel of cultural and teaching institutions, civil and military officials of foreign states, members of international scientific groups carrying out work in Spain, ministers and other religious representatives, and artists.


We study a representation of an arbitrary endomorphism σ on a free module M of a finite rank n over a valuation domain R, that is, factorize M into a direct sum of some free submodules determined by σ, give a sufficient condition for σ to have the rational canonical form, find a basis for M over R relative to which the matrix of σ is a sum of a lower triangular matrix and a super diagonal matrix, and show that for some simple ring extension of R the natural prolongation of σ has the rational canonical form.


In the article on the basis of the research field «societal» examines the State of the North Caucasian society. Given the artist''s interpretation of the causes and manifestations of societal crisis tendencies in society, sets out the principles to solve existing problems.


Using household economic survey data for the years 2005-06 and 2007-08, we examine the economic, demographic and geographical characteristics of remittance receiving households in Pakistan. We find that altruism is the most likely motive behind the remittances sent back by Pakistanis living abroad. However, co-insurance and investment may also have played some role. Gender of the household head, household size, family income and urban/rural setting appear to be the remittances' main determinants, whereas education and family wealth play a minor role.


S maller studies and many case series reports indicate that congenital heart defects are more common in monocho-rionic twins than in dichorionic twins and singletons. All monochorionic twins are monozygotic, and they comprise approximately two thirds of all monozygotic twins, whereas all dizygotic twins and the remaining one third of monozy-gotic twins are dichorionic. 3,6 Some congenital heart defects are clearly expected to be more frequent in twins. The acardiac twin (together with a pump or donor twin) represents a congenital heart defect unique for monozygotic twins, although rare, with a frequency of ≈1 in 50 to 70 000 deliveries and 1 in 200 to 280 monozygotic twins. 7 It is also to be expected that patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) occurs more often among twins than singletons because prematurity is more common among twins. For non-PDA congenital heart diseases, several explanations for a potentially increased occurrence of congenital heart defects among twins have been proposed. 8 The previous literature, which is based on small samples, suggests that monochorionicity is the central mechanism for congenital heart defects in twins and in particular twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS)–affected monochorionic twins. A register-based study in northwest England during 1998–2002 found that twins, and particularly monochorionic twins, had a higher risk of congenital anomalies overall. A total of 51 cases of congenital heart defects among twins were identified, corresponding to a 47% (95% confidence interval [CI], 11–95%) higher risk compared with singletons and no difference according to chorionicity. 9 Among the strengths of the previous studies of congenital heart defects in twins have been the detailed information on chorionicity, but a limitation has been the small sample size of each of the studies. Systematic reviews based on a series of small observational studies are known to be vulnerable to publication bias (smaller negative studies are rarely published, whereas positive studies are). We therefore investigated whether congenital heart diseases are diagnosed more commonly in twins than in singletons by linking Danish nationwide registers covering all twins and a 5% random sample of all singletons born in Denmark in 1977–2001 with the Danish National Patient Registry. This register has been shown previously to be a reliable and valid source for identifying congenital heart disease malformations, 10–13 and it has been used Background—Smaller studies and many case series reports indicate that congenital heart defects may be more common in monochorionic twins than in dichorionic twins and singletons. Methods …


Aiming to enhance the function of sensory neuron,this paper studies the supra-threshold stochastic resonance effect of the periodic voice signal transmission in sensory neurons.The results show that,upon increasing the noise level and the number of neurons,the correlation coefficient between the periodic voice signal and the neuron response shows a non-monotonically relationship.This also demonstrates the possibility of the supra-threshold stochastic resonance effect as the coding strategy of sensory information.The short-time Fourier spectrum shows that the noise can enhance the base frequency of the voice signal.


In order to improve the interference suppression capability for the muti-axle steering vehicle(MASV) and to reduce the design complexity of the controller , no steady-state error tracking control system was designed so that the contol system can meet the requirements of disturbance rejection and robust tracking. Using the no steady-state error tracking control strategy to the MASV, it can track reference signal perfectly. Its yaw angular velocity, sidesip angle and rolling angle are degraded at high vehicle speed. The stability and driving safety of the vehicle are improved. According to actual needs, the Parameter of the controller can be changed through the different characteristic value; The design and adjustment of the controller are simple amd easy.


Metals distribution (Cu, Zn, Pb, Mn and Ni) in campus wastewater was examined by nonparametric tests (Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K S) and Friedman One-Way ANOVA). Based on the K-S test, all metals except zinc followed normal distribution. Based on the Friedman One-Way ANOVA test, nickel concentration posed substantial difference between three sampling stations under study (p < 0.05). All metals posed under the critical values on the basis of Environmental Quality (Sewage and Industrial Effluents) Regulations (1979). The water parameters (BOD, COD, TSS, pH and temperature) were also implicated to inform the chemical background of wastewater under study in relation to metals distribution.


As first noted by David Sayre in 1952 [1], diffracted intensities between Bragg reflections can be employed to directly solve the phase problem in crystallography. These so-called inter-Bragg intensities, in conjunction with the Bragg reflections, uniquely determine the continuous molecular transform of the unit cell and existing iterative phase retrieval algorithms developed for single particle imaging [2] can then be used to recover the unit cell's electron density [3-6]. Diffracted intensities between Bragg reflections have now been observed from nanocrystals of biomolecules illuminated by the intense and coherent radiation from x-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) [7]. However, a pressing hindrance of this phasing method is that intensities between Bragg peaks depend crucially on the spatial arrangement of every molecule in the crystal, including ones on the edge of the crystal where they may not form a complete unit cell [4,8,9]. Therefore, due to the nature of the data collection process from XFELs where a reciprocal space intensity volume is assembled from an ensemble of crystals of different sizes and shapes, new algorithms need to be considered in order to extract the information contained within the inter-Bragg reflections. The fundamentals of this puzzle will be introduced and current algorithmic developments in dealing with it outlined in this presentation.


(Dated: June 1, 2009)Density scaling has a rich history in density functional theory, providing exact conditions foruse in the construction of ever more accurate approximations to the unknown exchange-correlationfunctional. We define a conjugate potential scaling for each density scaling. This provides exactrelations on various important density functionals, in particular, relating functionals evaluated onexact densities of different potentials. We illustrate these conditions on the two- and four-electronion series.I. INTRODUCTION


Abstract Traditional Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are designed for connecting pure electronic or mechanical sensors through wireless communication. Nowadays, WSNs are combined with other technologies like big data and cloud for data management. While combining the sensors (low level devices) with a high end network like Internet, data communication should be taken care of in the gateway between these two networks. With this type of WSNs, if all the sensors are in direct communication with the high end network, then a lot of energy will be consumed, requiring complex protocols for making this communication possible. So, to reduce the energy wastage, the clustering concept is used in WSN. Although so many complex and innovative clustering techniques are available for WSN, this paper describes a very simple clustering technique for environmental monitoring WSN with proven results.


We find linear (as well as quadratic) relations in a very large class of T-functions. The relations may be used in analysis of T-function-based stream ciphers.