Regeneration of an amputated salamander limb requires the presence of the associated nerve.1 Interruption of the nerve during the early stages of regeneration increases dedifferentiation rates and results in the resorption of the new growth.2 Several investigatorsss 4 have suggested that acetylcholine (ACh) may be involved in the regulation of the trophic function of the nerve. Some recent data from this laboratory lent1 support to this premise: administration of hemicholinum-3 or triethylcholine, which inhibits ACh biosynthesis, severely retarded regeneration of the limb of the salamander" and caiised atrophy of their taste buds and lateral line organs.6 Opioids such as methadone or levorphanol also interfere with release of ACh from a variety ot nervous tissues' and may therefore block regeneration of the amputated salamander limb. The integrity of the taste bud might also be altered in salamanders receiving pharmacologically evident dosages of opioids. In the present study, methadone %r levorphanol, as well as one of the narcotic antagonists, slowed and even prevented regeneration of the limb.8 Furthermore, the lingual epithelium and taste buds of the salamander atrophied when methadone or levorphanol was administered. Heroin-addicted mothers often produce children of low birth weight despite approximately full-term gestation.9 The cause of this immaturity is unknown. I n the salamander, the opioids primarily affected the growth of very primitive tissue-the undifferentiated blastema. For our studies on the effect of methadone on growing mammalian tissues we selected the relatively fetal, newhorn mouse. This animal tolerated well the daily sullcutaneous dosages of methadone. Litter mates were injected with saline and used as controls. We found that newborn mice given methadone in dosages as little as 2 mg/kg grew significantly more slowly (p < .01) during each week of the six-week treatment period than did their control litter mates.


Business creativity is shrouded in unhelpful myths. Greg Orme cuts his way through the folklore to enable some clear creative thinking.


This paper analyzes the environmental accounting information of 14 listed companies in petroleum industry, and summarizes the problems which exist in the disclosure of environmental accounting information in our country. Finally, combined with foreign advanced experience, the paper gives recommendations, such as refining laws and regulations, formulate specific environmental accounting standard, strengthen the internal control system-building of enterprise, enhance audit from dependent third-party and increase the propaganda of environmental protection knowledge. Hope it to be useful for China's improvement and development of environmental accounting information disclosure system.


This paper examined empirically the impact of government expenditure on the education sub-sector development in Nigeria for the period 1980 to 2017. Government expenditure was decomposed into capital and recurrent expenditures, while education sub-sector development was viewed from the perspectives of the States and Local Governments dependence (FDR), fiscal concentration (FCR), and per capita income (PCI). The data of the study were obtained from both the National Bureau of Statistics and the Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletins. The fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) approach of the econometrics was used to estimate the findings/results of the paper. Some of the major findings of the paper indicated that all the variables became stationary after first differencing and that the series for all the equations were cointegrated thereby suggesting the existence of long run relationships among the variables. The short run dynamics results were robust and impressive given that each of the coefficients of determination (R-squared) and their adjusted counterparts were quite high. Furthermore, the results indicated that while capital expenditure exerted negative impact on the education sub-sector development, recurrent expenditure displayed a positive impact on the sub-sector. The paper therefore recommends that government, as a matter of frantic efforts and deliberate policies, scales up its capital expenditure on education sub-sector development as well as intensifying capacity building that would engender qualitatively improved education service delivery. This would only be possible if urgent institutional frameworks, procedures and governance styles that accord with international standards are urgently introduced and implemented.


The development of two indices which can be used to characterize the acutely injured patient is presented. Evidence in support of the concept of characterizing injuries by the combined use of tissue disruption information and physiologic and biochemical response information is examined.


Provide an electronic device and a power management method having power management mechanism. The electronic device comprises a multi-core processor and a temperature sensor. Wherein the multi-core processor having multiple processor cores. A temperature sensor coupled to the processor core up to sense the temperature of the multi-core processor, and accordingly to determine whether the electronic device into the performance priority mode from the frequency reduction mode. Wherein, when the multi-core processor temperature above the first temperature threshold value, the multi-core processor controls the electronic apparatus to enter a first down-conversion mode, and the dynamic adjustment enabled core number. Wherein, when the temperature of the multi-core processor than the second temperature threshold value, the multi-core processor controls the electronic device to enter the second frequency reduction mode. A first temperature above the critical temperature less than the second threshold value. Thus, to achieve reduction in power consumption of the electronic device and a slow temperature increase effect.


In addition to the recovery of investment1, interest should be earned on the unrecovered capital during the life of the asset as a cost of ownership. The economic analysis should consider both capital recovery and interest. The present worth of capital recovery and return is the same regardless of the pattern of capital recovery selected. Keywords: Capital investment, Present worth, Inflation.


Cutting-edge work on 3D telepresence at a multinational research center provides insight into the technology's potential, as well as into its remaining challenges. The first Web extra at http://youtu.be/r4SqJdXkOjQ is a video describing FreeCam, a system capable of generating live free-viewpoint video by simulating the output of a virtual camera moving through a dynamic scene. The second Web extra at http://youtu.be/Dw1glKUKs9A is a video showing a system designed to capture the enhanced 3D structure of a room-sized dynamic scene with commodity depth cameras, such as Microsoft Kinects. The third Web extra at http://youtu.be/G_VPzXRrmIw is a video demonstrating a system that adapts to a wide variety of telepresence scenarios. By combining Kinect-based 3D scanning with optical see-through HMDs, the user can precisely control which parts of the scene are real and which are virtual or remote objects. The fourth Web extra at http://youtu.be/n45N5AHsoCI is a video demonstrating a method based on moving least squares surfaces that robustly and efficiently reconstructs dynamic scenes captured by a set of hybrid color+depth cameras. The reconstruction provides spatiotemporal consistency and seamlessly fuses color and geometric information. The video also illustrates the formulation on a variety of real sequences and demonstrates that it favorably compares to state-of-the-art methods. The fifth Web extra at http://youtu.be/OSl3f2qZzKs is a video demonstrating a 3D acquisition system capable of simultaneously capturing an entire room-sized volume with an array of commodity depth cameras and rendering it from a novel viewpoint in real time. The sixth Web extra at http://youtu.be/zKWByH7evo0 is a video demonstrating a gaze-correction approach based on a single Kinect sensor that preserves both the integrity and expressiveness of the face as well as the fidelity of the scene as a whole, producing nearly artifact-free imagery. The method is suitable for mainstream home video conferencing: it uses inexpensive consumer hardware, achieves real-time performance, and requires just a simple and short setup.


The model of PDW in UGNX is applied to the design of progressive die for hardware in this paper. This method is easy to use,and it can not only increase the efficiency of design greatly,but also make the production convenient to modify.


We usually assume a constant wind moment or a cos2-ly varing one. But these are not wellfounded.Wind force and its centre of application were ever experimented by Mr. okada and the centre of water pressure which resisted to steady drifting on a still water by one of the present anthors. With these results the wind moment on a ship is most stong at nearly upright position and decreases somewhat rapidly with her list, wind-wards or lee-wards. Work done by the wind moment during one swing of the ship is considerably less than that by an assumed constant moment.This suggests that effects of shipping sea, shifting of goods and so on upon a ship in a confused sea, which were not ostensibly taken in usual calculations related to the dynamic stability, for example, in the stability standards, stand comparison with wind and waves.These data, especially the centre of water pressure, however, may be affected by encountered waves and associated rolling. Experiments were conducted with model-ships, for this time, under actions of wind and regular waves in the experimental tank, and it was cleared that the wind moment among waves also was computable approximately with above data modified suitably.


: Introduction: Mothers differ greatly in their psychological adjustment to parenting, with some mothers being more stressed than others. This study aimed to determine the role of family life stressors related to the relationships with children and spouse and motivation to have children in predicting parental stress for mothers. The project is based on the parental stress theory and the self-determination theory (SDT). We examined whether motivation to have children played a mediating role in the relationship between family stressors and mothers' parental stress. Method: Parental stress was measured using the Parental Stress Scale (PSS; Berry, Jones, 1995). Motivation to have a child was measured using the Motivation to Have a Child Scale (MCS; Brenning, Soenens, Vansteenkiste, 2015). The intensity of difficult experiences in the relationships with the child and with the spouse (family stressors) was assessed using the Family Stressors Scale. The study involved 99 mothers who were in a relationship and had at least one child up to 7 years of age. There were between one and seven children in their families. Statistical analyses were performed using structural equation modeling (SEM). Results: It was found that difficult situations in relationships with children and spouse increased mothers' parental stress. Intrinsic motivation and amotivation mediated the effect that difficult situations in family relationships had on parental stress. Difficult situations in family relationships were negatively related to intrinsic motivation and positively related to amotivation. Intrinsic motivation to have a child was negatively related to parental stress, while amotivation was positively related to that stress. Extrinsic, identified, and introjected motivations were associated neither with parental stress nor with difficult situations in family relationships (family stressors). Conclusions: In confrontation with stressors, intrinsic motivation to have a child plays a protective role against the experience of parental stress in mothers, while amotivation intensifies this stress. The implications of the results for future research and clinical interventions are discussed.


Whether the relations are inclusive relations,equivalent relations,or succession relations,they are inherent attributes of the objective world.Unfortunately,the logic actually has not been able to integrate the succession relations into their own theoretical system.The deficiency of them results in the production of a "logical paradox".In fact,the real paradox is simply not possible,which is the subjective errors caused by a false thing.


This study assumes that non-homothetic preferences determine the flow of international trade. Empirical studies of international trade have commonly only considered demand from a representative consumer. This would not provide a complete picture of the aggregate market demand. Because of the prevalence of non-homothetic preferences in demand, firms that contemplate exports should consider the distribution of income within a country as an attribute of the corresponding market. This study evaluates the effect that income inequality may exert on a firm's probability of selecting a particular export market. The theoretical framework is supported by discrete choice theory, and the empirical analysis uses export statistics for the OECD countries. The results indicate that uneven income distribution is perceived as an attractive feature of destinations for exports.


Sub-micron sized magnetic tunnel junctions were fabricated using a dry ice blasting lift-off process for the resist on the magnetic tunnel junction. The fabricated devices showed little difference in transport characteristics from devices made using a conventional chemical lift-off process in an ultrasonic bath sonicator. The distinguished feature of the new process was the achievement of a soft and pure dry ice jet from a well-cooled nozzle with a clear liquid CO2 flow in a narrow orifice. There was little contamination or damage on the surface of the sample wafer with the pure jet. The dry ice blasting effectively removed the resist for smaller pillar devices with planar sizes of <250 nm.


In several cases, are observed horses subjected to activities that are not compatible with your body structure, so we analyzed morphometric measurements, of 41 males and 45 females (adults), belonging to breeds Arabian, Quarter Horse, Thoroughbred, Creole, Brazilian Equestrian and genetic group Petico, used for sport, leisure and work in three counties of MS. With the help of measuring tape and measured up hipometro heights: withers (AC), knee (AJ), croup (AG), elbows to the ground (ACS), hock (AJA); lengths: body (CC), head (CCAB) neck (CP), shoulder (EC), dorsal lumbar (CDL), croup (CG); perimeters: knee (PJ), cinnamon (PC), thoracic (PT), forearm (PAB); widths: croup (LG) chest (LP), head (LCab). Statistical model contained fixed effects of breed, sex and race * sex interaction and all were significant (P <0.05), observing low values of coefficients of variation. The Brazilian Equestrian showed the highest values among the characters, except for CDL. The Petico not only showed lower values for CP and CDL, observed in Creole and Arabian respectively. Correlations between length, height, width and circumference were moderate (r=0.79), not significant (P<0.05) only between CDL with PT and AG. The multivariate AC and AG determined as variables that best justified. Based on the cluster, races and PE showed dispersion among their copies, with larger or smaller sizes. Categorized by 5 groups, where the Thorough bred and Quarter Horse got same group, calling itself the Brazilian Equestrian, demonstrating that the group 2 animals possess profile with tall stature. The Arabian and Creole represented the group 3, with intermediate heights. The breeds except Petico will bind in group 4. We conclude that morphometry of Petico were low and may overload your body structure. Thoroughbred and Brazilian equestrian profile presented that provide momentum and speed, while Quarter Horse and Criollo, explosion and quickness. The Arabian profile showed agility and speed. Considering the purpose of sport, work and leisure, it becomes interesting selection of parents of future generations based on the cluster.


Trade becomes at the moment a part of the high-tech industry, anchored in the digitalization of savings (what we are named the digital revolution or the fourth industrial revolution [1]1. This is manifested in particular through technological innovations in ICT (internet, mobile telephony), but also more recent ones like, digital platforms, connectivity, automation, algorithm technology, big data (big data collected to better understand the customer), artificial intelligence, and block chain. In such a context, it results from it low production costs compared to traditional production system of companies and it makes entrances easy for new start-ups in markets. Besides, the constraints in terms of distance, cost or asymmetry of information (market failure) disappear for the benefit of the consumer.


This article highlights the possible effects of psychotherapy on clients who live under a regime which involves religious demands. It is based on a brief case study of a client and has two objectives. Firstly, to demonstrate that it is possible for psychotherapists to understand the inviolate experiences of their clients without breaking them down into previously established theories. Secondly, it emphasizes the use of hypnotic techniques as relevant and important tools for demands of this nature, that is, they are techniques that can incorporate religious experiences of the subjects into the process of therapy in a positive way. The article concludes that psychotherapists faced with such demands must examine the individual feelings generated by their client, the context of their dialogues and capabilityies, and the postural mimicry they adopt when interacting in their religious dominion.


There are variant of the metric dimensions in graph theory, one of them is a local adjacency metric dimension. Let $W\subset V(G)$ with $W=\{w_1,w_2,\dots,w_k\}$, the representation of the vertex $V\in V(G)$, $r_A(v|W)=(d_A(v,w_1),d_A(v,w_2),\dots,d_A(v,w_k))$ with $ d_ {A} (v, w) $= $ 0 $ if $ v = w $, $ d_ {A} (v, w) $=  $ 1 $ if $ v$ adjacent to $w $, and $ d_ {A} (v, w) $ =$ 2 $ if $ v $ does not adjacent to $ w $.  If every two adjacent vertices $ v_1 $, $ v_2 \in V (G) $,  $ r_ {A} (v_1 | W) \neq r_ {A} (v_2 | W) $, then $W$ is the minimum cardinality of the local adjacency metric dimension. The minimum cardinality of $W$ is called the local adjacency metric dimension number, denoted by $ \dim_{(A, l)} (G) $.  In this paper, we have found the  local adjacency metric dimension of corona product of special graphs, namely the $ L_n \odot {P_3} $ graph, $ S_n \odot {P_3} $ graph, $ C_n \odot {P_3} $ graph, $ P_n \odot {S_4} $ graph, and the graph $ L_n \odot {S_4} $.


The aim of study is to find out the difference in the quality of life in patient
with chronic heart failure Dr. Sardjito Central General Hospital, treated who were
a either I²-blocker, ACEI, ARB theraphy at compare to those who were treated
with either ACEI or ARB.
The study is a method Cohort Retrospective, using a consecutive sampling
method, during November 2012 � March 2013. Quality of life from outpatient
data was collected based on MLHF (Minnesota Living with Heart Failure)
questionnaire chronic heart failure patient , randomly came to the hospital from
outpatient care (a month after they were given either the I²-blocker, ACEI, ARB
theraphy, or just the ARB or ACEI theraphy).
The characteristic of the 112 subject devide risk factors (age, gender,
comorbidities include hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and dislipidemia). There
was a substantial were relationship between the comorbids with the group given
the either I²-blocker, ACEI, ARB theraphy as well as the groups were treated with
ACEI or ARB. Furthermore the independent T test indicated a significant result
which signified a diffrence in the quality of life between those who received the I²-
blocker ACEI or ARB theraphy. Furthermore, through a Linear Regression
Analysis the patients with � 2 comorbidities showed a significant result (p �
0,05).
There was a significant difference on the quality of life between the patients
with chronic heart failure treated either I²-blocker ACEI or ARB (p â�¤ 0,05).


Thermistors which are thermally-sensitive resistors separately. The separate application and removal of having large negative temperature coefficients of resistance can be power to the individual sectioijs facilitates trouble aptly used for the gradual application of heater voltage to thermionic tubes, thereby diminishing thermal transients and reducing mechanistin andmnizes thener of time theent cal failures. Full voltage is first applied to the thermistor and load in system is energized and de-energized. In such large inseries and after temperature equilibrium is reached, the thermistors stallations, power is applied and removed more often are shorted out. From a cold start thermistor resistance decreases by from any given section by local control than by the conia factor of approximately 100 and heater resistance increases by a trol which operates the entire power system. Consefactor of 5 to 10. By selecting a set of series-connected thermistors to limit the current to a maximum of 120 per cent of the operating value quently, famernv tageistusu alied at the secduring the voltage application, the initial voltage on the heaters will tion level rather than at the systems level. For this purbe less than 5 per cent of rated, and the voltage before shorting out, pose, thermistors, which are resistors having negative about 75 per cent of rated. Peak currents occur twice, once while the temperature coefficients of resistance, may be applied to thermistors are in the circuit and again when the thermistors are give gradual filament heating. shorted out at 90 seconds. One set of thermistors can be used to giermg limit the current satisfactorily over a wide range of loads. The most temistor e be enuse intmeldel applicfavorable number of thermistors to connect in series is determined tions, temperature measurements, and amplifier stabilizexperimentally. Commercially available units in washer form can acing circuits. At least one manufacturer has used them in commodate heater loads up to 1100 watts. series heater strings for television receivers. All of these are low current applications. This paper will discuss the I NTRODUCTION use of thermistors to control more than one kilowatt of I N LARGE electronic systems, such as those empower. A physical description of typical commercially ploying large scale digital computers where the available thermistors and recommended mountinig tube-count can run to tens of thousands, long tube methods are presented in the Appendix. life is a necessity. To extend tube life, one precaution that should be taken is the prevention of thermal shocks PERFORMANCE OF THERMISTORS


Plants are a potential source of natural antioxidants. Antioxidants protect from the potentially damaging oxidative
stress, which is a result of an imbalance between the formation of ROS (Reactive oxygen..


When designing a VLSI circuits, most of the efforts are now performed at levels of abstractions higher than gate. Correspondingly to this clear trend, there is a growing request to tackle safety-critical issues directly at the RT-level. This paper presents a complete environment for considering safety issues at the RT level. The environment was implemented and tested by an industry for devising a sample safety-critical device. Designers were permitted to assess the effects of transient faults, automatically add fault-tolerant structures, and validate the results working on the same circuit descriptions and acting in a coherent framework. The evaluation showed the effectiveness of the proposed environment.


A pool water demineralizer is utilized at a research reactor to minimize impurities that become radioactive; to minimize impurities that react chemically with reactor components; to maintain optical clarity of the pool water; and to minimize aluminum fuel cladding corrosion by maintaining a slightly acidic pH. Balanced against these advantages are the dollar costs of equipment, resins, recharging chemicals, and maintenance; the man-rem costs of radiation exposure during maintenance, demineralizer recharges, and resin replacement; and hazardous chemical exposure. At the Ford Nuclear Reactor (FNR), maintenance of the demineralizer system is the second largest source of radiation exposure to operators. Theoretical and practical aspects of demineralizer operation are discussed. The most obvious way to reduce radiation exposure due to demineralizer system operation is to perform recharges after the reactor has been shut down for the maximum possible time. Setting a higher depletion limit and operating with the optimum system lineup reduce the frequency between recharges, saving both exposure and cost. Recharge frequency and resin lifetime seem to be relatively independent of the quality of the chemicals used and the personnel performing recharges, provided consistent procedures are followed.


In this paper, the binding energy of Lithium nucleus in a nonrelativistic model is obtained for the Hulth\'en and the Inversely Quadratic Yukawa Potential. In order to that, we used the concept of supersymmetry to solving the Schr\"odinger equation exact analytically. These potentials, due to their physical interpretations, are of interest within many areas of theoretical physics. The results of our model for all calculations show that the ground state binding energy of Lithium nucleus with these potentials are very close to the ones obtained in experiments.


Most current document retrieval systems require that user queries be specified in the form of Boolean expressions. Although Boolean queries work, they have flaws. Some of the attempts to overcome these flaws have involved "partial-match" retrieval or the use of fuzzy-subset theory. Recently, some generalizations of fuzzy-subset theory have been suggested that would allow the user to specify queries with relevance weights or thresholds attached to terms. The various query-processing methods are discussed and compared.


Abstract. Pylaisia selwynii Kindb., which is distributed in Asia and North America, is synonymized under the older combination, P. condensata (Mitt.) A. Jaeger, based on a morphological investigation of the type material.


SYNTHESIS 2006, No. 24, pp 4205–4211xx.xx.2006 Advanced online publication: 02.11.2006 DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-950352; Art ID: P09106SS © Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York Abstract: A simple and convenient synthesis of 3-methylene-4aryl-1,3,4,5-tetrahydrobenzo[b][1,4]diazepin-2-ones was accomplished by the SN2 nucleophilic substitution of the acetates of Baylis–Hillman adducts of acrylate with 1,2-phenylenediamines, followed by base-mediated intramolecular cyclization. Similar substrates derived from the Baylis–Hillman adducts of acrylonitrile via Pinner's reaction led to 3-arylmethylene-4,5-dihydro-3H-benzo[b][1,4]diazepin-2-ylamines in good yields.


The intention of this paper is to characterize normal and regular separation axioms in ideal closure spaces. Mathematics Subject Classification: 54A10, 54C08, 54D10


Tamu-Kalangu lead-zinc-copper ore belt located at the boundary between western Kunlun and the Tarim basin is a large metallogenic belt.With the study of compositions of ore-bearing formations,metallogenic elements,sulfur isotopes,REE compositions and H,O isotopes of fluid inclusions for ore-bearing formations,the deposits in the belt can be divided into the lead-copper(cobalt)deposits of sandstone type and the lead-zinc deposits of carbonate type.They were formed at different stages in the same metallogenic system.The metallogenic element assembles in sandstone type deposits are Cu-Co-Pb-Ag-As(Ni-Zn-Cd),sulfur isotope is rich in light sulfur,and the contents of Ba show the thermal activity in seafloor is delicacy.The metallogenic element assembles in carbonate type deposit are Pb-Zn-Cd-As-Ag-Ba,and the feature of sulfur isotopic distribution shows that the metallogenic material was derived from deoxidation of seawater and seafloor hydrothermal.The lead-zinc deposits of carbonate type should be a main prospecting goal.At same time,the lead-copper deposits of sandstone type and the cobalt in copper-bearing sand-shale should be noticed.


The present invention is heat-resistant, high-strength acrylic copolymer, and, more particularly, 1), tert- butyl (meth) acrylate-alkyl (meth) acrylate monomer other than the monomers as an optical film comprising the same; 2) (meth) acrylate monomer containing an alicyclic and / or aromatic ring; And 3), tert- butyl (meth) relates to an acrylic copolymer, including polymerizing the acrylate monomer. The acrylic copolymers according to the present invention is excellent in heat resistance while being maintained transparency. Further, the optical film including a compounding resin including the acrylic copolymer is excellent in transparency and heat resistance and is excellent in workability, adhesion properties, the phase difference characteristics and durability.


Continuously tunable laser emission in the 701200 m region can be produced by pumping various isotopic species of NH3, CH3F, and CH3Cl with sufficient infrared pump power so that stimulated Raman scattering is the dominant gain mechanism. Typically, the far-infrared (FIR) medium is contained in a mirrorless, dielectric waveguide cavity with an IR transmitting window on the input end and a quartz or TPX window on the FIR output end. We have fabricated and tested metallic mesh mirrors on quartz and TPX substances in both inductive and capacitive configurations. Use of these mirrors, as well as free-standing meshes, in NH3 and CH3F FIR Raman lasers has produced a substantial increase in the output intensity and some improvement in the continuity of the spectral coverage provided by these lasers.


The main goal of this paper is to evaluate and compare various control schemes (scalar control vs vector control) in Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM). Mathematical modelling of PMSM was implemented and used for this paper. Under scalar control, the V/f method is studied. Under vector control, Field Oriented Control (FOC), Direct Torque Control (DTC), Direct Torque Control with Space Vector Modulation (DTC-SVM) are extensively studied. By using MATLAB/Simulink, these control algorithms are implemented in a PMSM motor drive. To that end, MATLAB/Simulink simulations were used to examine and compare the control output of Scalar, FOC, and DTC from various perspectives. Further, it is shown that the shortcomings of the classical DTC control technique are resolved by DTC- SVM control to get a satisfactory control with computational demand as the trade-off. This study compares these control schemes based on the parameters of an existing 2.135-kW surface mounted non-salient sinusoidal flux distribution PMSM to find the noteworthy features associated with each control scheme to understand which control method is to be preferred where and for what desired accuracy.


This article examine how intergenerational investment projects, such as, investments related to global warming, natural resources, energy, etc., should be undertaken. In particular, it examines two popular prescriptions: 1) In making intergenerational investments, policymakers should use a zero discount rate. 2) In making intergenerational investments, policymakers should use the market rate. The article shows that neither of these prescriptions are correct. Indeed, the article suggests that using present-value discounting at all is extremely problematic. Instead, the best we can probably do is to is to adopt a simple algorithm: set certain minimal goals for future generations: clean air, potable water, sufficient energy supplies, a nontoxic environment, etc., and then analyze the most cost-effective way of achieving those goals.


This article analyses an old and complex topic: how to successfully face poverty? Around this problem it examines the reasons for the failure of the minimal state as well as of the planning state to resolve social inequalities. Likewise, it addresses the question of the new role which modern states have to adopt in order to achieve a more efficient, productive and fair policymaking capacity for all levels and social actors. To do this, the article proposes alternatives contributing to radically restructure the traditional functions of the state as well as to supersede the "false antinomy" State-market-society. Only with such a new redefinition of the state —the "intelligent state"— it will be possible, at last, to achieve what so many classics pursued: social welfare.


Accurate forecasting of renewable energies provides a suitable means for efficient and secure operation of electricity grids and enables optimal energy market planning. This paper presents a number of novel prediction models for solar radiation prediction; and their performances are compared to those of conventional prediction models such as Neural Networks (NNs). All the developed models are based on linear predictive coding principles and image processing fundamentals using one and two-dimensional (1-D & 2-D) Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filters. The studies of highly correlated solar radiations among different hours of a day and also among the identical hours of different days are important parts of the developed prediction models. The meteorological data was collected for the duration of May 1, 2011 to April 30, 2012 from the Casella automatic weather station at Plymouth, UK. To prove the efficiency of the proposed prediction models, some similar data are used for all of the comparing predictive algo...


The scope of justice is the fundamental duty of the State in a struggle for the defense of citizens' rights and processes where it is necessary, fair and democratic that the basic guarantees enshrined in our Magna Carta are respected. The work is aimed at providing a legal critique of the application of constitutional rights, the purpose of which is to ensure compliance with the due process of law enshrined in the Constitution of the Republic. To that end, it is proposed to provide theoretical and conceptual content that will make it possible to prepare a critical legal essay highlighting the inadequacy of the legal rules governing the application of the conditional suspension of sentences in summary proceedings as a constitutional right of the accused and the victim.


Meander reconnection is becoming a widely applied river restoration measure, aiming to enhance the ecological status of river systems. Based on a physical model study and a 3D hydrodynamic‐numerical simulation, the effects of different forms of meander reconnections on flow dynamics, water level and river morphology are investigated in present study including retention of the old main channel for flood protection when the bankfull discharge is exceeded. The distribution of total discharge between the reconnected meander bend and the flood channel during floods decreases flow velocity and bed shear stress and leads to aggradation. At higher discharges, the flow velocity decreases in the meander bend whereas it increases in the flood channel. The controlling parameter for flow diversion—hence for flow velocity and bed shear stress—is the elevation of the ramp diverting the flow.


The Asteroid Impact Mission (AIM) [1] is an ESA mission whose goal is to explore and study the binary asteroid 65803 Didymos [2], which is expected to transit close to the Earth (less than 0.1 AU) in late 2022. AIM is part of a joint collaboration with NASA in the AIDA (Asteroid Impact & Deflection Assessment) [3, 4] mission. The primary goal of AIDA is to assess the feasibility of deflecting the heliocentric path of a Near Earth Asteroid (NEA) binary system, by impacting on the surface of the smaller (or secondary) asteroid of the couple. To this aim, AIDA includes the kinetic impactor, DART (Double Asteroid Redirection Test) [5] by NASA and the observer, AIM (Asteroid Impact Mission) by ESA. The work presented in this paper has been performed by the authors under ESA contract within the design phase of AIM mission. The paper summarizes the consolidated mission analysis of AIM spacecraft during all mission phases and the scientific payload operations at Didymos. The selected interplanetary trajectory is presented, including the available launch window to reach Didymos on time. Suitable transfer solutions are selected based on ∆v constraints imposed by the launcher and requirement imposed by spacecraft design. More in detail, AIM is planned to be launched in late 2020 and to arrive at Didymos system in middle 2022. As the spacecraft approaches the asteroid system, it will go through farand closeapproaching maneuvers. The far-approaching maneuver is presented in detail: the final ∆v to stop AIM at Didymos is split into five smaller maneuvers, performed at one week distance between each other, to decrease the overall maneuver cost and to allow for precise tracking and rendezvous with the binary system. Close proximity operations at the asteroid are then extensively described. During this phase, AIM mission analysis is driven mainly by observational requirements coming from scientific payload on board, to study the asteroid system before and after DART impact (expected for late 2022), such to accomplish mission objectives. Observation stations are selected for AIM spacecraft to


To gather with a single surveying tool the backscatter frequency response of the seafloor would be a large asset to characterize the nature of the bottom. One proposes to take advantage of the saturation effect occurring with a high powered source: numerous harmonic waves are created by non linear interactions along the propagation. The feasibility of a multi-frequency source that is adapted to seafloor characterization is investigated. In a preliminary approach, a pseudo-1D model is used to estimate the on-axis levels of the first multiple frequencies. Experimental measurements performed with two typical geometries of transducers are compared with simulations.


Modal transition systems are a variation on the classic model of transition systems where transitions come in two flavours: those that any refinement of the given specification must possess, and those that it may, but is not required to, have. This model of computation was introduced about twenty years ago by Kim Guldstrand Larsen and Bent Thomsen. Since then, it has been the subject of investigation by several groups of researchers, and interest in this model and in its sibling that goes by the name of mixed specifications has grown over the last few years. In the light of the recent rapid growth in the research literature on modal and mixed specifications, and their applications, I thought that it was appropriate to devote an installment of the Concurrency Column to a survey of recent results and open problems in the field. I am very happy to be in a position to offer the readers of the Concurrency Column this excellent overview paper by some of the prime movers in the development of the theory and applications of modal and mixed specifications. I trust that this piece will be of general interest, and I hope that it will entice several researchers to contribute to the on-going work on these models. Enjoy! Abstract Twenty years ago, modal and mixed specifications were proposed as abstract models of system behavior. In this paper, we explain the nature and utility of such specifications, relate them to other formalisms, showcase some of their established applications, and mention some existing tool support. We also present some recent complexity results for decision problems underlying such applications and list some remaining open problems.


Currently, reverse engineering techniques require a combination of laser scanners, coordinate measuring systems, and human interaction to generate usable files. All of these methods are both cost prohibitive and require many hours to complete. The end result is a threedimensional model with varying degrees of accuracy. Recreating three-dimensional models is extremely beneficial in cases where the original manufacturer is no longer in business or if the part was manufactured prior to modern three-dimensional modeling techniques. This thesis investigates the accuracy of model generation using photogrammetry algorithms. A digital single-lens (DSLR) camera or a camera found on a modern cell phone are used to keep the cost and barrier to entry low. Initial work completed compared the accuracy of off-the-shelf software before moving on to customized algorithms. New methods combine position tracking from an inertial measurement system (IMU) alongside Structure from Motion (SfM) techniques to create accurate three-dimensional models. The two software packages evaluated are PhotoModeler made by EoS Systems Inc. and Remake made by AutoDesk. Three objects, each presenting different challenges to the photogrammetric method, are used to conclude which software package is more accurate. On all three tests, Remake was the most accurate, at best achieving tolerances of ± 0.6833 1.2598 mm and at worst ± 1.6688 1.0084 mm. After conducting tests on a newly created SfM algorithm written in MathWorks Inc's. MATLAB, the length of a 76.2 mm cube was calculated to be 76.3 mm.


Digitally processed and enhanced gravity data in raster format were used to improve the definition of the main structural features in the northern part of the Reconcavo-Tucano-Jatoba Rift. Image processing techniques included: (a) conversion of Bouguer and residual-Bouguer gridded data into contrast-enhanced gray-level images; (b) generation of enhanced hybrid pseudo-color composites; and (c) generation of a gravity digital elevation model in perspective views. The integrated analysis of this dataset permitted the recognition of subtle trends and intensity-related spatial variations in gravity data, tentatively related to the following tectonic units of the RTJ Rift: ramp platforms, structural lows and highs, along-length horsts, grabens, faulted borders and extensional faults.


Hospital-acquired infections (nosocomial infections) are a serious public health problem. According to V.T. Sokolovsky [6], annually they are registered in more than 5 million people, 200 thousand of whom die, and the economic damage is estimated at more than 500 million rubles. Obstetric and surgical institutions are "hospitals at risk" of nosocomial infections. On discharge from the maternity hospital, hospital strains of S. aureus are found in 60% of women in labor and 6097% of newborns [2, 5]. In the structure of nosocomial infections, mastitis, thrombophlebitis, pyelocystitis prevail in mothers, and pyoderma and abscesses in children. In 81% of newborns and 89% of postpartum women, the causative agent is Staphylococcus aureus [3, 7].


This chapter is intended to capture some of the experience of a trade unionist drawn into the public policy debate around job training, focusing on Ontario between 1986 and 1996. It details the long process of establishment of the Ontario Training and Adjustment Board (OTAB), an innovative approach to training that included participation of social partners beyond the workplace. It recounts the author's learning of and reflection on the viewpoints of the many others he encountered during the process, as well as the disappointments and hopes of the union as the process came to an end.


IntroductIon Medicare data provide information that hospitals submit for billing purposes, Medpar, or Medicare Provider Analysis and Review. It is publicly available (for a fee) at


The new genus Graziaphylus is described to include two new species, Graziaphylus joceliae and G. nigripes. This new taxon is part of a large suite of Heteroptera from Australia known to feed on species of Eremophila (Scrophulariaceae), including other members of the Miridae as well as the Tingidae. The appearance of Graziaphylus spp. is similar to that of Xiphoidellus Weirauch and Schuh from Australia, and to Chlamydatus Fieber from the Northern Hemisphere (among other genera), but with scalelike setae, and elongate pulvilli adnate over most of the claw length, and the distinctive structure of the male genitalia.


There has been a growing emphasis on remanufacturing as a profitable means to reduce wastage, conserve energy and costs. An alternate approach to obtain similar environmental and economic benefits is to increase the product life. We model and analyze the economic relationships among the level of remanufacturing, product life and economic consequences under the framework of a manufacturer/remanufacturer and a service provider who utilizes the manufacturer's product to provide service to his/her customers. In our framework, the remanufacturability is defined as the fraction of used products that can be economically remanufactured, and it is assumed that the remanufacturability can be increased via fixed cost investment in product and process design technologies. We also assume that the product life which is defined to be the number of units of service that is provided from the product can be increased by utilizing higher quality components with corresponding higher variable cost. Under these assumptions, we formulate three distinct supply chain scenarios. Namely, a manufacturer driven supply chain, a centrally coordinated supply chain and a service provider driven supply chain. From the subsequent equilibrium and optimality analysis, we derive several interesting managerial insights. For example, there are several conditions under which a higher technology investment in remanufacturability leads to a shorter product life.


Cyclic dimers and trimers of tetra-substituted benzenes, ((HOOC)2-C6H2-(NHI)2), are selected as convenient model systems for investigating NI…O=C halogen bond strength and cooperativity. The four substituents in benzene are chosen so that two of them act as halogen bond acceptors (COOH) and two act as halogen bond donors (NHI), as shown in the graphical abstract below. The potential for metal ion binding by each of the halogen-bonded aggregates is also investigated using the monoatomic sodium ion, Na+. Density functional theory calculations performed using the wB97XD functional and the DGDZVP basis set confirmed the ability of halogen bonding to drive the formation of the cyclic dimers and trimers of the model system chosen for this study. Evidence of halogen bond cooperativity is seen, for example, in a 9% shortening of each NI…O=C halogen bond distance with a corresponding 53% increase in the respective critical point density value, ρNI…O=C. Cooperativity also results in a 36% increase in the magnitude of the complexation energy per halogen-bond of the trimer relative to that of the dimer. The results of this study confirm the potential for binding a single Na+ ion by either the dimer or the trimer through their respective halogen-bond networks. Binding of two metal ions was shown to be possible by the dimer. Likewise, the trimer was also found to bind three metal ions. Lastly, the overall structure of the halogen-bonded dimer or trimer endured after complexation of the Na+ ions.


A network system for a vehicle includes one or more first communication controllers and one or more second communication controllers. The one or more first communication controllers transmit a message in a first communication scheme. The one or more second communication controllers are connected to the one or more first communication controllers through a network and transmit a message in a second communication scheme different from the first communication scheme. When a transmission controller selected from the one or more first communication controllers and the one or more second communication controllers transmits a message, a communication controller using a communication scheme different from that of the selected transmission controller stops its own message transmission and resumes its own message transmission once the message transmission of the selected transmission controller is complete.


The full title of this work is The Blessed Trinity of Ireland, Stories of St. Brigit, St. Columcille, and St. Patrick, recorded for posterity according to the old writings and the memory of the people of Ireland. The illustrations in this delightful little book bring a new dimension to these folktales of the three greatest wonder-workers of early Christian Ireland.


This paper describes a project to rehabilitate an area of degraded mangroves at Luggage Point, situated near the mouth of the Brisbane River. The entire rehabilitation process is described, including identification of impacting processes, development of the Rehabilitation Plan, permits required, construction and ongoing monitoring. Conclusions regarding the feasibility of broad scale mangrove rehabilitation are presented.


Intrusion Detection System (IDS) has increasingly become a crucial issue for computer and network systems. Optimizing performance of IDS becomes an important open problem which receives more and more attention from the research community. In this work, A multi-layer intrusion detection model is designed and developed to achieve high efficiency and improve the detection and classification rate accuracy .we effectively apply Machine learning techniques (C5 decision tree, Multilayer Perceptron neural network and Naive Bayes) using gain ratio for selecting the best features for each layer as to use smaller storage space and get higher Intrusion detection performance. Our experimental results showed that the proposed multi-layer model using C5 decision tree achieves higher classification rate accuracy, using feature selection by Gain Ratio, and less false alarm rate than MLP and naive Bayes. Using Gain Ratio enhances the accuracy of U2R and R2L for the three machine learning techniques (C5, MLP and Naive Bayes) significantly. MLP has high classification rate when using the whole 41 features in Dos and Probe layers.


Syntheses of all four diastereomers of syn- and anti-3,5-dihydroxy-6-heptenoate, proven versatile synthetic intermediates that are enantiomerically pure and functionally differentiated at both ends, have been developed.


The current concerns related to the stimulation of the activities of social enterprises are connected with the current economic and social challenges, faced by the EU member countries. This paper presents the evolution of the social indicators developed at the level of the European Union, relative to the social objectives of the Europe 2020 Strategy.


It is essential for the enterprise to establish and reinforce its modern enterprise system in order to develop further. It is proved that the modern enterprise calls for internal supervision, which should adjust to the new form in the new era. And it is required that the role and the function of internal audit should be clarified to play the role of supervision, evaluation and service in the course of promoting economic development.


Cardiovascular diseases are becoming more frequent occurrence in the third world. There are tell-tale signs that can be seen long before they occur. Thus forty volunteer medical students, comprising of 18 females and 22 males between the ages of 18 and 30 years, were assessed for cardiac fitness using ECG. All the volunteers were subjected to exercise stress test using bicycle ergometer. They exercised to exhaustion or attainment of 85% HRmax. ECG was recorded pre and post-exercise. The study compares the findings in the males to that of the females. Results showed that pre-exercise in males, 60% had normal ECG, 8% had sinus bradycardia, 4% sinus arrhythmia and 8% left atrial enlargement. Other findings included 4% right atrial deviation, 4% short PR interval, 4% premature ventricular contraction, 4% rare premature atrial contraction and 4% had early repolarisation. Post-exercise ECG revealed 36% normal ECG, 44% had sinus tachycardia. In the females, preexercise findings revealed 94.4% normal ECG and 5.6% had sinus arrhythmia. Post-exercise findings showed 66.7% normal ECG, 22.2% had sinus tachycardia, 5.6% sinus arrhythmia and 5.6% rare premature atrial contraction. Abnormal ECG findings are prevalent among young Nigerians and there is need to focus of this group to prevent cardiac events in the future.


Case series Patients: Male, 53-year-old • Male, 65-year-old Final Diagnosis: Ischemic optic neuropathy Symptoms: Visual acuity loss • visual field defect Medication: — Clinical Procedure: — Specialty: Ophthalmology Objective: Rare coexistence of disease or pathology Background: Since the start of vaccination efforts against COVID-19, several presumed secondary ocular events have been described. We present 2 cases of non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NA-AION) in patients whose symptoms appeared in the first 2 weeks after administration of the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 mRNA BNT162b2/ Cominarty vaccine. Case Reports: The first patient was a 53-year-old man who presented visual field disturbance in the right eye 7 days after the first vaccine dose, and who consulted a physician 10 days after the second dose, when he experienced loss of vision in the left eye. After a full examination, bilateral anterior optic disc neuropathy was diagnosed. The second patient was a 65-year-old man who presented anterior optic disc neuropathy 12 days after his first vacci-nation. In both cases, arteritic origin was ruled out due to absence of systemic symptoms and because of normal levels of C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rates. Conclusions: Ischemic optic neuropathy is a rare adverse ocular secondary effect of COVID-19 vaccines. Further basic and clinical research is needed to elucidate the pathogenic mechanisms and better characterize the clinical picture of this entity.


Excessive platinum (Pt) discharged into the environment from industrial wastewater must be effectively treated since it contaminates the environment and causes substantial environmental problems and severe health risks to humans. Flat sheet supported liquid membrane (FSSLM) was used to remove Pt from an aqueous solution using liquid membrane formulated from Aliquat 336 carrier in kerosene. Fractional factorial design (FFD) was applied to screen five FSSLM operation parameters, including the Aliquat 336 carrier concentration (factor A), Pt feed phase concentration (factor B), sodium perchlorate stripping phase concentration (factor C), feed flow rate (factor D) and stripping phase flow rate (factor E). The percentage of Pt removal from an aqueous solution was the response in the FFD. The feed flow rate (factor D) was the most significant main factor to the FSSLM performance, with 25.02% of the contribution. The interaction between factor AC and factor BE induced the most significant effect with 26.95% and 12.14% of the contribution, respec - tively. The highest removal percentage for Pt via the FSSLM process was 98.7% using 0.5 M Aliquat 336 concentration, 5 mg/L feed concentration, 0.5 M stripping concentration, 100 mL/min feed flow rate, and 50 mL/min stripping flow rate.


In this, the seventh iteration of the National Practice Benchmark, the authors made significant changes in the approach and analysis of the survey, including restructuring and shortening the survey instrument to facilitate the participation of hospital and academic oncology practices, in recognition of the ongoing changes in the oncology industry.


Juvenile pain amplification syndromes show an increasing incidence. Around 10 % of the paediatric rheumatological outpatients have pain amplification syndromes. The patients suffer under intensive musculoskeletal pain without a somatic correlate. The disease is, due to the desocialisation of patients, a challenge for the therapists. A multidisciplinary activating team approach focuses on the bio-psycho-social model of chronic pain. The pain leads the patients into social retreat, which begins with a reduction of activity by missing the regular school sport lessons. Since sport has bio-psycho-social aspects as well, it can be used therapeutically in chronic pain patients, can influence the cause of disease positively and also allows access to prognostic information. The aim should be to integrate sport as an important module into the multimodal treatment and to use the defocusing aspects of sport and the joy of movement therapeutically. This helps the patients to reintegrate into daily live and motivates them towards an activating therapy, which they can continue on their own.


This study examined the Granger causality of energy consumption, oil price and economic growth in Nigeria. Two sub-categories of energy (kerosene and electricity) were equally considered. The error correction model framework was used to test the granger causality of the variables. The results for the total energy showed bidirectional causality between energy consumption and economic growth. As regards electricity, bidirectional causality was found between electricity consumption and economic growth as well as between electricity consumption and electricity price. No causal relationship exists among kerosene consumption, kerosene price and economic growth. Based on our findings, we recommend that policies that promote energy consumption and economic growth be introduced. One way of achieving this is through the adoption of appropriate energy pricing framework that takes cognisance of both the present and the future generation.


This essay argues that conceptualisations of responsibility in the responsible management education literature are generally superficial or unstated. We propose that this leads to practical understandings of responsibility being drawn from the hidden curriculum of socialised learning in the background of formal educational contexts. To disrupt this and enable critical thought and action, we argue for the integration of three perspectives that can be combined in a dynamic, lived process. First, we suggest that evidence-based management challenges us to seek out evidence to inform responsible management practice in ways that are thoughtful, critical and reflexive. Second, we argue that an interpretive approach employing philosophical hermeneutics connects responsibility to situated judgement about how we should interpret evidence available to us in the context of lived human experience in dialogue with others. Third, deconstruction reveals (aspects of) the ways in which the hidden curriculum constructs responsibility in the context of responsible management education texts and talk – and helps us to remain open to other possibilities. We integrate these three perspectives to arrive at a definition of responsibility as a lived process with implications for students, educators and the institutions they inhabit.


tag=1 data=Save the environment - and the development. by John Arbouw

tag=2 data=Arbouw, John

tag=3 data=Australian Business,

tag=6 data=22 May 1991

tag=7 data=65,66.

tag=8 data=DEVELOPMENT

tag=10 data=.. assess projects' environmental impact early. That would avoid the current system where an engineer is asked to prepare an EIS - only to have it shot down.

tag=11 data=1991/3/7

tag=12 data=91/0622

tag=13 data=CAB


We investigate the degradation of high-periodicity GaN-based InGaN-GaN multiple quantum wells (MQWs) solar cells submitted to stress under high excitation intensity and high temperature; stress conditions are chosen to investigate cell behavior in a harsh scenario, such as wireless power transfer systems, space applications and concentrator harvesting systems. By examining the decrease in the short-circuit current and electroluminescence of these devices and the increase in the forward current at low bias, we suggest the presence of a thermally-activated diffusion process of impurities from the p-side of the device toward the active region. This process favors the increase in the Shockley-Read- Hall (SRH) recombination rate. By employing the van Opdorp and t'Hooft model, we analyzed the time-variation of non-radiative Shockley-Read-Hall lifetime during aging, extracting the diffusion coefficient of the defect involved in the degradation; we also extracted the related activation energy by an appropriate fitting of the degradation kinetics according to Fick's second law of diffusion. The obtained values suggest that degradation originates from the diffusion of hydrogen, whose severity depends also on the thickness of the p-GaN layer of these devices. The proposed analysis methods and the obtained results are useful for understanding the physics of multiple quantum wells (MQWs) solar cells during degradation. The results can be used to increase the performance and reliability in novel applications where these devices are proposed, such us additional layer in multi-junction (MJ) solar cells, and the application in harsh environments.


Capacity building, including provision of essential public services, is one of the main channels or incentive areas to support innovation and sustainable development. This chapter concerns three relevant policy areas: infrastructure and rural development policy; labour market policy; and education and skills policy.
 Country: Netherlands [1] LinkToContentAt: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264238473-8-en Knowledge Type: Country report [2] Other Tag: telecommunication [3] tertiary education [4] training [5] vocational education and training [6] development programmes [7] education expenditure [8] education policies [9] education quality [10] education system [11] agriculture [12] bachelor's degree [13] higher education research [14] horizontal coordination [15] market structure [16] private universities [17] regional networks [18] rule of law [19] rural area [20] Parent URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264238473-en [21]


Abstract We consider the stochastic heat equation driven by a Rosenblatt sheet and we study the limit behavior in distribution of the spatial average of the solution. By analyzing the cumulants of the solution, we prove that the spatial average converges weakly, in the space of continuous functions, to a Rosenblatt process.


: This study aims to determine the isolation and characterization of chitosan from the skin of coconut crabs. Isolation of chitosan from coconut crabs was carried out through four stages, namely deproteination (4% NaOH, 80 o C), demineralization (HCl 1.25 N, 70 o C), depigmentation (4% NaOCl, 75 o C), deasitilation (50% NaOH, 80 o C). The degree of deasitilation of chitosan from walnut crabs is 82.52%. Chitosan FTIR spectrum analysis results of several main examples of wave numbers 3371.57 cm -1 which show symmetrical stretching vibrations due to overlapping OH and amines (NH), stretching vibrations of 1597.06 cm -1 caused by propagation of C=O and stretch vibrations 1651.07 cm -1 which shows secondary amide. Characterization of FTIR spectroscopy which showed the extraction of coconut crabs was chitosan.


To explore immunisation rates and catch‐up delivery to children admitted to hospital before and after an immunisation service was commenced.


In this paper, we present a novel video coding scheme based on overcomplete motion compensated temporal filtering (OMCTF) for robust video transmission over wireless channel. In this research, we introduce EREC and unequal error protection strategy under the framework of OMCTF. The intrinsic nature of the OMCTF structure not only provides fully scalable features for time-varying mobile wireless channels but also facilitates unequal error protection for robust video transmission. Since the most destructive effect of channel induced error in video communications over error-prone network is due to the loss of synchronization at the decoder, we apply error resilient entropy coding (EREC) to the compressed video bitstream to gain additional error resilience with negligible increase in bit budget. With EREC, the bitstream can be reorganized into fixed-length slots so that the synchronization can be easily regained at the beginning of the next uncorrupted slot, which will greatly limit the error propagation in the scalable video bitstream. To further enhance the robustness for video communication over error-prone channels, we introduce the Rate Compatible Punctured Convolutional (RCPC) codes for the protection of transmitted video over mobile wireless links. Due to the apparent prioritization order in the framework of OMCTF, the RCPC codes can be easily applied to achieve unequal error protection in the proposed OMCTF-based scheme. Integration of these strategies under the framework of OMCTF-based video coding scheme enables us to achieve robust video transmission over mobile wireless channels with an increased error resilience capability. Experimental results have demonstrated the performance of the proposed approach.


Blast resistance is becoming a more common requirement for glazing in buildings. The technical aspects were addressed in the fi rst author's GPD 2001 paper (reference 1), in which the benefi ts of laminated glass were emphasised. However, the incorporation of blast-resisting requirements into a building project have been found from experience to often give rise to convoluted contractual arguments about the meaning of the specifi cation, about where responsibilities lie and whether the specifi cation is being met. This paper attempts to clarify these issues and makes a recommendation on how to establish a clear working structure to deal with the problem.


Based on analyzing basis and significance of origin protection and estate development of Yunnan Pu'er tea mountain,referring to various modes of French wine chateau's institutional origin protection,grading and other advanced economic crops grown in this world,with emphasis on Yunnan Pu'er Lancang County Jingmai tea mountain village as an example and comparative study Shuangjiang County Bingdao tea mountain village,the government policies and economic indicators as reference factors and guidance routine of tea brand,origin protection,the function of government support in improving tea farmers life quality and orgion protection was studied. A scientific and effective manor suitable for tea cultivation model was explored,several feasible suggestions to enhance farmers income and life quality,standardize estate development of Pu'er tea mountain under perspective of origin protection were put forward.


The effects of tridiazuron(TDZ) on endogenous polyamines concentration changes in derooted seedlings of Dendrobium officinate Kimura et Migo in vitro and the construction of floral-buds were researched in this experiment,in which MS basal medium supplemented with TDZ was used.It was found that the formation rate of floral-bud in derooted seedlings cultured on MS mixed with 0.1 mg.L-1 TDZ accounted for 21.1%,whereas the control was 0.During the construction of floral-bud,the endogenous concentrations of Spd,Spm and the ratios of Spd to Put,Spm to Put in top shoots of derooted seedlings cultured on MS mixed with 0.1 mg/L TDZ exceeded those in the control,and remarkably exceeded that of control when the floral-bud emerged.In addition,the levels of Put and DAP in top shoots of derooted seedlings were apparently lower than that in the control.It was seen that exogenous TDZ could promote the construction of floral-bud by means of the changes of endogenous polyamines concentration and its ratio in D.officinate Kimura et Migo.


[Objective]To observe the curative effects of pseudomonas aeruginosa vaccine for the treatment.[Methods]62 cases of patients suffered from recurrent oral ulcer were divided into vaccine group(32 cases) and transfer factor group(30 cases),and the curative effects of the two groups were compared.[Results]The total difference was significant.[Conclusion]The vaccine has better clinical effect in curing recurrent oral ulcer due to it's immunoregulation,trace-elements and vitamin B1.


Within Muslim communities, the 'ulama are considered the most crucial corporate social agency that drives the ideological and spiritual energy to the members of the society who find religious teachings necessary for their individual and social, if not always political, lives. However, when the 'ulama of Bangladesh gathered under the umbrella platform of Hefazat-e-Islam (HI) in 2010, agitated by the numerous upheavals of the government's policies (which they argued were contrary to the teachings of the Qur'ān and Sunna), scholars and members of the civil society often dubbed them as regressive, reactionary, and insensitive to modern changes. While anthropologists have challenged this dichotomy, this article aims to understand the HI 'ulama's views on modern changes and how the 'ulama safeguard the traditional integrity in legal, educational, and gender aspects within the domain of the Bangladeshi state mechanism. Based on anthropological notions of tradition and piety, this article argues that the 'ulama's position on education, woman, and legal questions is neither monolithic nor static; rather there is always discussion, debate, and dynamism within the 'ulama itself.


This study aims to construct a training programme to enhance the professional competencies of Kindergarten female teachers in South Batinah Province in the Sultanate of Oman. It also aims to identify the differences between teachers' judgments of the construction of the training programme mainly attributed to the variables of years of experience, age and Willayah (governorate). The study applied the analytical descriptive approach to achieve the study objectives. The researcher prepared a 41-item questionnaire covering the areas: lesson planning, teaching strategies, class management, human relations and evaluation. The sample of the study consisted of 58 female teachers randomly chosen from South Batinah kindergartens. The study results showed that kindergarten teachers realize the importance of professional competencies in their daily tasks in the following order: evaluation, lesson planning, human relations, teaching strategies and class management. The study also revealed differences of statistical significance between the teachers' judgments of the competencies in favor of age variable, mainly (22-30 years) age group. No differences were noted as far as the variables of years of experience and Willayah. Therefore, the training programme was constructed in compliance with the results of the study. In the light of the results of the study the following


Since 2018, the United States has proactively provoked trade disputes against China on many occasions, imposing tariffs on large amounts of Chinese imports, and many negotiations have been invalid and pressing step by step. In addition to trade wars, technical warfare has also been gradually followed up. There is even a tendency to start a financial war. Therefore, the author believes that it is necessary to conduct an in-depth analysis of China's financial measures in response to US trade frictions, which is of great practical significance.


In our previous study, different rice dwarf lines were obtained through rice genetic transformation using RNAi vectors harboring different fragments of OsGA20ox2 gene. In this study, B1F2 populations were produced by backcrossing between those RNAi dwarf lines and wild-type plants. The progenies of B1F2 populations segregated in a ratio of 3 dwarf plants to 1 normal height plant, indicating that dwarf trait was dominantly inherited. At the same time, plant height, the internode length and some major agronomic traits of dwarf plants of F5 and B1F2 populations were analyzed. The RNAi of OsGA20ox2 gene significantly reduced the rice plant height and the internode length. The longer the interference fragment was, the shorter the plant height and internode length were. In general, the rice plant height was reduced by 24–42 cm, dwarfing ratio was 22–39%. For the same RNAi fragment, the average shorten length of the first internode (counting from the top to bottom) was very similar to that of the second, and the third was very similar to the fourth. The dwarfing ratio of each internode showed a trend of the fourth third second first section. Bottom internodes obtained a greater dwarfing ratio, which is good for improving lodging resistance of rice, and the upper internodes showed a lower dwarfing ratio that made the plant maintain a reasonable height, which helps the rice plants to remain a stable and high yield. Other major agronomic traits such as grain weight, seed setting rate, panicle length were not sig-nificantly affected by the RNAi of OsGA20ox2 gene.


Halide perovskite solar cells have achieved a certified efficiency of 25.2%, surpassing CdTe and CuInGaSe2, which have long been regarded as the most‐efficient thin‐film photovoltaic materials. As this exciting class of materials continues to mature, researchers will require characterization techniques capable of exposing the interplay among structure, chemistry, and optoelectronic properties to inform processing strategies and increase both device efficiencies and long‐term stability. Cathodoluminescence microscopy is an ideal technique to provide such information due to the high spatial resolution and robust optical information acquired. Here, the current body of work related to cathodoluminescence analysis of halide perovskite materials for optoelectronic applications is surveyed. This review demonstrates how cathodoluminescence can monitor degradation due to environmental stressors, phase segregation resulting from material processing, and other halide perovskite‐centric material issues. A persistent concern associated with e‐beam‐based analysis of halide perovskites is what effect the electron beam has on the material properties being probed. Addressing this, a detailed discussion is provided on the origin of the cathodoluminescence signal and a review of studies focused on revealing changes in the properties of halide perovskites resulting from e‐beam excitation. Finally, a perspective on future opportunities to expand the role of cathodoluminescence analysis for halide perovskites is provided.


Psychological theory geared towards understanding collective violence, whether by violent state or non-state actors, has tended to focus on three groups: victims, perpetrators, and bystanders [1],[2],[3]. In this paper, I propose that the category "perpetrators" needs to be refined or, rather, divided [4],[5],[6]. Specifically, those who instigate collective violence need to be distinguished from those who subsequently carry it out. We may call the former instigators and the latter perpetrators.


The present invention is designed to ensure a simple switching operation and a simple switching structure in a mechanism for switching content release mode that is provided with a cover cap and to utilize the cover cap effectively. The cover cap is obtained from a lower cover cap section (3), which is integrated with an output-side passage part (4) and is fixed to the container body (1), and an upper cover cap section (5), which is integrated with an operation section (6) and is rotatable with respect to the lower cover cap section (3). The output-side passage part (4) is provided with: multiple individual passage sections (4c+4g, 4d+4h), which are formed on the downstream-side that is continuous with the external space and are for setting different content release modes (for example, release patterns); and a common upstream-side vertical passage (4b) that is continuous with the stem (2). By a rotating operation between the lower cover cap section (3) and the upper cover cap section (5), an individual passage section that is in communication with the common vertical passage (4b) is selected from among the multiple individual passage sections. When the top plate surface portion (6c) is pressed downward in said configuration, the contents are sprayed into the external space from the selected individual passage section.


The U234/U238 ratio in natural water was recently determined [Isabaev et al., 1960; Koshelev et al., 1961; Hill, 1962; Thurber, 1962; Hill and Crookall, 1963; Chalov et al., 1964; Kazachevskii et al., 1964; Cherdyntsev et al., 1964], and it seems to be generally greater than unity. U234 leaches preferentially from natural minerals because of the recoiled atoms caused by α decay. The U234/U238 ratio in seawater, therefore, is expected to be greater than unity. Thurber [1962] assumed this value to be 1.15 and made a correction to the Ra-U age. Age determinations of deep sea sediments based on Th230-Pa231 need correction for the initial U234/U238 ratio. Because of the excess U234 in seawater it is possible to make a direct chronology based on the excess, if the U234/U238 ratio in seawater is known. In other words, it is necessary to know how uniform the ratio is. However, measurements of it are very few, and values of 1.14 [Moore and Sackett, 1964], 1.15 for the Black Sea, and 1.20 for the Sea of Azov [Kazachevskii et al., 1964] are given.


The objective of this study was to categorize Aspergillus flavus strains isolated from feed stuff from ElGharbia government, Egypt, into aflatoxigenic and non aflatoxigenic ones by cultural as well as PCR methods. Aspergillus flavus isolated from different animal feed were tested for their aflatoxigenic and non aflatoxigenic by plating experiments. The effect of chitosan at concentration (0.0, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 mg/ml) on the growth and aflatoxin production was also studied. Seven from seventeen of the Aspergillus flavus isolated from feed stuff produced aflatoxin. chitosan treatment decreased the growth and aflatoxin production for A. flavus 2 and A. flavus 9 .The higher dose of chitosan 0.6 mg/ml was the most effective on A.flavus2and flavus 9. Using D2R and D&R specific primer for 28s rRNA a DNA fragment of approximately 1500bp was amplified when their total nucleic acid extracted from the local Aspergillius flavus was used as template. The 1500 bp PCR product indicated that our strain is Aspergillus flavus. The 900 bp PCR product indicated the strain number (2) and (9) have aflatoxins. These confirm the UV and fluorescent for production of aflatoxins by these two strains. [Azza A. Mostafa and Saida M. Amer. Molecular characterization of toxigenic Aspergillus flavus strains isolates from animal feed stuff in Egypt. Life Sci J 2013;10(2):1102-1109]. (ISSN: 1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 154


Despite the use of PSA, Gleason score, and T‐category as prognosticators in intermediate‐risk prostate cancer, 20–40% of patients will fail local therapy. In order to optimize treatment approaches for intermediate‐risk patients, additional genetic prognosticators are needed. Previous reports using array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) in radical prostatectomy cohorts suggested a combination of allelic loss of the PTEN gene on 10q and allelic gain of the c‐MYC gene on 8q were associated with metastatic disease. We tested whether copy number alterations (CNAs) in PTEN (allelic loss) and c‐MYC (allelic gain) were associated with biochemical relapse following modern‐era, image‐guided radiotherapy (mean dose 76.4 Gy). We used aCGH analyses validated by fluorescence in‐situ hybridization (FISH) of DNA was derived from frozen, pre‐treatment biopsies in 126 intermediate‐risk prostate cancer patients. Patients whose tumors had CNAs in both PTEN and c‐MYC had significantly increased genetic instability (percent genome alteration; PGA) compared to tumors with normal PTEN and c‐MYC status (p < 0.0001). We demonstrate that c‐MYC gain alone, or combined c‐MYC gain and PTEN loss, were increasingly prognostic for relapse on multivariable analyses (hazard ratios (HR) of 2.58/p = 0.005 and 3.21/p = 0.0004; respectively). Triaging patients by the use of CNAs within pre‐treatment biopsies may allow for better use of systemic therapies to target sub‐clinical metastases or locally recurrent disease and improve clinical outcomes. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.


This study examines how the power structures are made and how they change in the movie Land of the Dead, and how these changes co-operate with the construction and deconstruction of categories. By using poststructural, feminist and intersectional theory, I explore how the power transforms as the categories dissolve. The material is constituted by a thematic movie analysis by George A Romeros Land of the Dead (2005) and I also investigate how different kinds of people are represented throughout the movie. A short discussion on zombie movie and its history is also included as I don't assume that the readers necessarily have knowledge of this genre. Furthermore, I explore the positioning of the monster and how the zombie from this position can be regarded as a subversive feminist power. I also examine the zombie movies ability to reflect our society and the power structures amongst us who live in it.


The invention provides an electronic substrate and a method for manufacturing an integrated circuit with the electronic substrate. The electronic substrate comprises an electrode, and the surface roughness of the electrode is 1.5 microns to 2.5 microns. The method for manufacturing the integrated circuit includes the first step of inverting a chip and manufacturing protruded points, the second step of picking up the chip, the third step of inverting the chip and welding, the fourth step of packaging the chip and the fifth step of solidifying. The electronic substrate and the method for manufacturing the integrated circuit with the electronic substrate have the advantages that the adhesive force between the protruded points and the surface of the electrode is strengthened, and stability of electrical connection between the semiconductor chip and the electronic substrate is enhanced.


American Academy in Rome. Papers and Monographs. Vol. I . : The Cults of Campania, by Roy Merle Peterson. Rome, 1919 (really 1922). This volume was to have appeared in 1919, and the preface states that the author has not had an opportunity to revise it since then, hence the most recent literature (not of very great importance for this subject) has been omitted. It consists of a brief historical and geographical sketch of Campanian religion, followed by a more particular account of the cults of the various towns and cities in geographical order: first the coastal sites from Cumae to Capreae, then Capua, Nola, and the minor inland towns. It is rather a careful, and for the most part very exact, collection and summary of the work of other authorities, primary and secondary, than an original treatise, (though the author criticizes as well as states earlier views. As much of the material employed is scattered and not easily accessible, it should be useful as a sort of corpus of the known religious data for this region.


Eventration of the diaphragm is generally regarded as a condition in which the left or the right leaf of the diaphragm has ascended abnormally high into the chest. It is a condition in which all or part of the diaphragm is largely composed of fibrous tissue with only a few or no interspersed muscle fibers. It can be congenital or acquired. Congenital presents at an early age of life.In adults it is mostly asymptomatic and found incidentally on radiographs. If symptomatic, repeated upper respiratory tract infections are the most common findings associated with eventration of the diaphragm in older age groups. Here we present a case of 62 year old female with right sided eventration of diphragm presented with corpulmonale which is a rare entity.


The purpose of this study is to investigate me characteristics of the air-side heat transfer and pressure drop on the fin pattern of six types of φ 9.52 nun finned-tube heat exchangers. An air-enthalpy Calorimeter is used in this experiment. Experiments are carried out by changing velocity (from 0.7 m/s to 1.5 m/s). From results, we can see that the air-side heat transfer coefficients and the pressure drop depend upon the geometry of the heat exchanger. With increasing the inlet air velocity, the heat transfer and the pressure drop increase linearly and exponentially, respectively. At the same heat transfer area, the heat transfers in the low velocities are nearly the same and those in 1.5 m/s have the maximum 3% difference. The pressure drops have the different trend for the fin patterns.


The present article introduced and discussed the current situation of school sports and university sports in Germany and the relationship among sports club system and school and university sports by literature review and interview survey.The analyses of examples showed that the sports activities after school implemented mainly though the cooperation between schools and sport clubs and by joining the club of the students.The physical education and sports activities in the Universities implemented completely though "university sports club" and sports clubs.The sports club system is the essential element to ensure the development of sports activities after school in Germany.


In the adult made cecropia moth, 1-[14C]-propionate is incorporated specifically into juvenile hormone I (1). By chemical degradation it was found that only C(7) and C(11) are labelled, each carbon atom bearing 50% of the radioactivity originally present in JH-I. It is concluded that propionate serves as a precursor of homomevalonate, which in turn is a precursor for JH-I. Application of 2-[14C]-propionate and 3-[14C]-propionate leads to extensive randomization of the label. Apparently propionate is metabolized such that C(2) and C(3) can be reused as smaller fragments–probably acetate–while C(1) is either highly diluted or removed from the propionate in a metabolically inactive form.


On the grounds of the obtained results we think it reasonable that Doppler sonography in complex with other methods can be used to advantage for differential diagnostics of benign uterine and ovarian neoplasms. Reliability of Doppler sonography diagnostics mostly depends on the possibilities of the ultrasonic equipment and its optimum adjustment, as well as on the methods of Doppler investigation. Complex use of ultrasonic (transvaginal sonography) and Doppler sonography methods allowed us to raise the accuracy of the diagnostics of the pathological process of genitals to 99.9 %.


Abstract This article focuses on the humanitarian non-governmental organization (NGO) CARE, Inc., and its transformation from a temporary non-profit agency working in post-war relief to Europe, to a permanent humanitarian enterprise delivering food aid and technical assistance to the so-called 'developing world'. It analyses CARE's shift from its early days as an American voluntary agency delivering food and consumer products (donated by private individuals in America) to individuals in Europe to a large NGO that co-operated closely with the US government in food-aid distribution to the Global South. Its expansion and professionalization was embedded in the development of new forms of public-private co-operation in humanitarian affairs, as well as in the overall setting of an emerging competitive 'humanitarian charity market' in the non-profit sector. In order to expand its organization and mission CARE implemented new and innovative business strategies and fostered the increasing 'managerialization' of its humanitarian activities. The article stresses the economic dimension of NGO activity as one perspective (among others) that helps us to better understand the complex dynamics of the 'rise' of humanitarian non-state players during the twentieth century.


Groundwater monitoring networks represent the main source of information about water levels and water quality within aquifers. In this paper, a method is proposed for the optimal design of monitoring networks to obtain groundwater-level data of high spatial relevance at a low cost. It uses the estimate error variance reduction obtained with the static Kalman filter as optimization criteria, while simultaneously evaluating the optimal routes to follow through the traveling salesman problem. It was tested for a network of 49 wells in the Calera aquifer in Zacatecas, Mexico. The study area was divided into three zones, and one working day (8 h) was taken to visit each one, with an average speed of 40 km/h and a sampling time of 0.5 h. An optimal network of 26 wells was obtained with the proposal, while 21 wells should be monitored if the optimal routing is neglected. The average standard error using 49 wells of the original network was 35.01 m, an error of 38.35 m was obtained for 21 wells (without optimal routing) and 38.36 m with the 26 wells selected using the proposal. However, the latter produce estimates closer to those obtained with the 49 wells. Following the proposal, more field data can be acquired, reducing costs.


Objective:To investigate the culture technique and secretory function of parathyroid cells in rats in order to establish experimental basis of parathyroid cell transplantation.Methods:After parathyroid glands were digested by collagenase and trypsin,isolated parathyroid cells were cultured.The cells cultured for 5 days were observed by transmission electron microscopy.Parathyroid hormone obtained from the cell culture fluid on day 1,3,5 and 7 was measured respectively.Results:Parathyroid cells cultured for 5 days had abundant rough surfaced endoplasmic reticula、Golgi bodies、stab mitochondria and secretory granules.Cultured parathyroid cells could secrete parathyroid hormone normally,especially on the 5th day.Conclusion:Parathyroid cells cultured for 5 days still possess original morphologic structure and have maximum secreting function,so it is an optimal donor for transplantation.


This article discusses the arrangement of space in Věra Linhartova's (b. 1938) verse. The poet places great emphasis on the visual aspects of her verse, which is also why the poems have been called architectural. The first part of the article focuses on the chief means of achieving this architecture: typeface (size and style), spacing, and punctuation marks. The second part of the article focuses on the thematized spacetime of the fictional world of Linhartova's verse. It analyzes and interprets selected motifs and images: the wall, home, nature, nothingness, and emptiness.


Network processors provide enormous potential for differentiated high-end integrated networking and communications systems. The PPC PowerQUICC architecture has made this processor family a basic element for networking and communications systems. Its impressive market share has made this processor family the undisputed leader in the communications processor market. On the other hand, Linux is particularly popular in network embedded systems because of its proven networking capabilities and well suiting for networking applications and services that require high reliability and high availability, and the flexibility it offers to specifically tailor it for a special hardware configuration. Furthermore, ATM is very popular in WAN backbone and access networks, especially because of the large investments made by Telcos and ISPs and the inherent support of scalable bandwidths and guaranteed QoS, which facilitates new classes of multimedia services. This paper demystifies for the first time the engineering of Linux serial ATM on the MPC8260 communications processor and derivative CPUs, including the programming of an E1/T1 access application. This development is important for the implementation of ATM over TDM access applications for integrated access devices and multi-service access platforms, including DSL application and inverse multiplexing over multiple TDM lines. This work is important to the embedded networking community for the development of ATM access devices for high-end communication and networking systems.


Although the physical and humanitarian effects of a natural catastrophe are often bound to the locality of the event the financial impacts can have global effects. This is particularly prominent in the re/insurance community, where through a number of market mechanisms and re/insurance structures financial loss is mitigated amongst many companies across the globe. The level of risk a company wishes to retain, given an event, represents the level of risk decision makers deem acceptable. Catastrophe risk modelling tools aid the estimation of risk retention and transfer mechanisms, and increasingly the level of capital required to withstand a catastrophic event. These tools rely on appropriate representations hazard, exposure, vulnerability and insurance conditions that reflect the reality of risk. In addition, accurate estimation of loss potential in the aftermath of a catastrophic event equally relies on the data available to assess the scale of damages experienced and to provide views on the likely scale of loss. A coherent and focussed data and modelling strategy is required to ensure that the risk assessment made is as accurate as possible.


Summary Formo- (FHA), aceto- (AHA), propiono- (PHA), and isobutyro- (IBHA) hydroxamic acids have been evaluated as inhibitors of jackbean urease in vitro and of bacterial urease in male CAF1 mice. All four were active throughout the pH range 5–9, bound tightly to the enzyme as manifested by KI values of 4 μM or less, and exhibited low association rate constants for the formation of EI complex. The development of inhibition was kinetically irreversible for all of the compounds except FHA, but this is believed to represent simply the operational effect of low rate and equilibrium dissociation constants, rather than a true organochemical alteration of the enzyme. In mice the ED50 for the inhibition of ureolysis during the first 2 hr after administration, in millimoles/per kilogram body weight, was 1.45 for FHA, 2.10 for AHA, 2.20 for PHA, and 5.35 for IBHA. Hydroxyurea was much inferior to any of these compounds as a urease inhibitor. The inhibition was maximum during the first 2 hr after administration in all cases; yet all, except PHA, demonstrated significant residual inhibition 16–22 hr later.


Objectives: Purpose of this study was to identify the effectiveness of mobilization (compression and decompression with glide) in patients with STAGE 3 osteoarthritis at knee joint. Methodology: A total of 30 patients visiting the physical therapy department of Benazir Bhutto Hospital Rawalpindi Pakistan were enrolled in this study. The study design was Randomized controlled trail, patients were randomly assigned into two groups by using lottery method, Non probability convenience sampling technique was used in this study. All the patients were satisfying the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Group A was experimental group in which Intermittent compression and decompression with glide was given along with conventional Physical therapy intervention while in Group B only conventional physiotherapy interventions were given in the study to check the effectiveness of intermittent compression and decompression with glide in stage 3 of osteoarthritis at knee joint. Duration of the study was approximately 6 months. The data was collected through the following questionnaire/forms. Self-structured General demographic questionnaire and KOOS (knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score) were used. Results: Statically analysis of the data stated that in this study 27% were males and 73 % females were included in this study. The mean age of patients were 51.40 ± 5.9 years. Average mean of height of patients was 160.1 ± 9.5 cm, average mean weight was 75 ± 9.1 kg. The result of BMI shows that 37 % were normal weighted while 63 % were over weighted. Further investigation suggested that the total pain score at baseline of experimental group was 15.86 ± 10.68 and in the end of sessions score was enhanced to 89.0 with P-value 0.0001. Total symptom score of experimental group was 45± 12.4 and after end session the score was 85 ± 8.3 P-value 0.001 ADL score at baseline was 13.00 which enhance to 85 after 4 week of sessions with p value of 0.001. the mean score of QOL was 7.6 ± 7.3 enhanced to 93.5 ± with p-value 0.001 which shows that this way of treatment have very significant role in regeneration of cartilage of knee joint which was degeneratively changed during the process of osteoarthritis which was elaborated by reduction of pain with increased Range of motion and improved quality of life. Conclusion: Intermittent compression and decompression with glide has significant improvement in associated symptoms of osteoarthritis along with the advancement and improvement of quality of life. This technique can delay or prevent surgical intervention. This is a cost effective way of treatment of knee osteoarthritis and have better results then other treatments available.


Basing on principles of grind, freezing and thawing, cell dissolution, a kind of method was devised for high quality DNA extraction of Paris, and the results of 3 kinds of method for extracting DNA were compared using Paris as materials. The results show that the purity (A_260 /A_280 =1.792-1.852; A_260 /A_ 230 =2.052-2.267) and yield (6.12-12.84mg/g) of extracted DNA by our method was higher than tow other methods, the kind of DNA extraction method was economical. Extracted DNA by our method was integrated , and suitable for RAPD analysis and ITS sequencing.


Objective To establish an HPLC method for determination of gallic acid and quercitrin in Polygonum capitatum.Methods The gallic acid and quercitrin in Polygonum capitatum were determined by RP-HPLC(DAD) and the gradient elution mode was applied in chromatographic separation.Results The average recoveries were respectively 98.92% and 97.16%(n=5),RSD 2.85% and RSD1.07%(n=5)for gallic acid and quercitrin.Conclusion The method is simple,accurate and can be used for the quality study of Polygonum capitatum.


Hybrid tumors are very rare tumors composed of two different tumor entities, each of which conforms to an exactly defined tumor category. A 14-year-old boy was referred for an intraosseous painless lesion with a histopathological feature of multiple odontogenic lesions including calcifying odontogenic cyst, complex odontoma and ameloblastic fibro-odontoma. The final diagnosis considered to be a hybrid odontogenic lesion.


A general method for the quantitative analysis of non-conducting solids has been developed, and its application is described for the particular problem of the determination of hafnium oxide in mixtures of hafnia and zirconia over the concentration range 0.01-55%. The advantage of the method is that not more than 10 mg. of the oxides is required for the preparation of the electrodes, the material being attached to the end of flat graphite electrodes by a drop of Bakelite varnish and excited by means of an impulse are of a new type.

A number of line pairs have been examined to discover the most suitable, and it has been found possible to obtain good results by the use of two, namely. A standard deviation of = 6% has been obtained by this method. Some estimations of the residual zirconia of very pure hafnium oxide have been made using the lines Zr II 2387. i8A., HfII 2385.78A.