In recent years, much research work has been carried out in order to obtain a more controlled durability and long-term performance of concrete structures in chloride containing environments. In particular, the development of new procedures for probability-based durability design has proved to be very valuable. In order to provide more data and experience with probability-based durability design, two relatively new concrete structures in Norwegian harbours were selected for detailed investigations in the field and subjected to durability analysis. For each structure, the field investigation included a large number of chloride penetration measurements, electrochemical surface potential mapping and measurements of concrete cover. The equation used for modelling of the chloride penetration was based on Fick's Second Law of Diffusion in combination with a time dependent diffusion coefficient. The probability analysis of the durability performance was performed by use of a Monte Carlo Simulation. For the most exposed beam elements, the durability analysis showed that the probability of failure in the form of onset of steel corrosion exceeded 10 % within a period of 10 to 15 years, while the field investigations revealed that the chloride front had already reached a depth varying from 40 to 50 mm after a service period of 7 to 8 years. For the most exposed anchor slab, a 10 % probability of failure was exceeded within a period of 10 years, while a depassivation of the embedded steel had already taken place after 8 years. If a probability-based durability design had been carried out as an integral part of the original design of the structures, such a poor durability would probably not have been acceptable.


Teachers in elementary and secondary education in Japan tend to work long hours, which has been raised as an issue. One of the causes of such long working hours is cited as being teacher test scoring work ("scoring work" hereinafter). In this study, a survey was conducted regarding scoring works for each type of school in elementary and secondary education in Japan. Based on the results of the survey, regardless of the type of school (elementary school, junior high school, or senior high school), it was clarified that teachers in Japan feel that all scoring work processes (correct/incorrect judgment, score calculating, and score recording) are burdensome. Also, in all school types, and in all scoring work processes, it was found that teachers try to ascertain the level of understanding of students. Our analysis of this result for each type of school clarified that teachers in elementary schools in Japan place more importance on ascertaining the level of understanding of students in scoring works than teachers in other types of schools.


The gospel of political economy preaches that extending the franchise leads to greater government redistribution. This belief is rooted in an obvious contrast: autocracies restrict participation to an elite few, while democracies allow the poor greater voice. Logically, because there are always more poor people than rich people, franchise expansion lowers the income of the average voter, and raises the demand for redistribution of wealth. By the beginning of the 19th century, politicians and political philosophers across the political spectrum believed universal suffrage would lead to the equalization of property. This syllogism - between political and economic equality - has dominated the fears and the hopes attached to democracy ever since in the inception of representative government (Przeworski 2009, 301). Democracy may only mandate political equality, but since the late 1700s those on the right feared that political equality would threaten property - and likewise, those on the left believed that acquisition of political rights would not satisfy those on the bottom of the economic ladder. By Marx's time, the idea had spread that "democracy in the political realm must naturally lead to social and economic equality" (ibid, 303). Despite the persistence of vast socioeconomic inequalities in democracies around the world, belief that democracy and property are in tension remains rock-solid. In 1981, Meltzer and Richard helped formalize the "redistributive" model of democratic politics. They noted that not only does universal suffrage mean that a majority of voters earn less than average income, but also that pressures for redistribution will vary with economic inequality. The formalization of the redistributive model sparked an avalanche of research seeking to explain cross-national variation in patterns of government spending - both within democracies as well as between democracies and dictatorships. To scholars' surprise, results of this research have consistently questioned the gospel truth that democracies redistribute more than autocracies and that inequality is correlated with pressures for redistribution. Scholars have repeatedly found that democracies redistribute far less than they "should" - a puzzle that pushed some to add epicycles to the original model in an effort to salvage their faith that a tension between democracy and property truly exists. Scholars have proven unwilling to give up on the Meltzer-Richard model, leading Adam Przeworski (2010, 85) to sardonically call it "political economists' favorite toy."


Typically, propranolol HCl was fast release from matrix granules filled into capsule therefore the effect of the preparation technique and matrix component on the modulation of the release of propranolol HCl was performed for producing the sustainable release of this model drug. Propranolol HCl granules containing different component prepared with different techniques were tested for the drug dissolution using dissolution apparatus. The effect of dissolution medium type and rotation speed on drug release was conducted. Preparation of matrix granule by mixing propranolol HCl dispersed in melted phytowax with HPMC and xanthan gum and subsequently wetting with the granulating liquid could provide slower drug release. The mechanism of the drug release was found to be matrix diffusion control. The release of propranolol HCl from matrix granules displayed similar behavior in water, HCl buffer pH 1.2, phosphate buffer pH 6.8 and pH change. Higher rotation speed enhanced the release of drug from matrix capsule.


This paper presents modeling of a segment of streamline production line with two machines and one buffer area and then the performance analysis.The GSPN whose transition obeys the exponential distribution could be converted in Markov chain and thus the model performance indexes could be obtained.Since calculation of Petri net model is sophisticated,the Witness software is applied to simulation of the model.


BACKGROUND
Head injuries, especially in young children, are frequent and may cause long-lasting impairments.

OBJECTIVES
To investigate the outcome of head and other injuries caused by diverse mechanisms and of varied severity.

METHODS
The study population consisted of Jews and Arabs (n=792), aged 0-17 years old, hospitalized for injuries in six hospitals in Israel. Caregivers were interviewed during hospitalization regarding circumstances of the injury and sociodemographic variables. Information on injury mechanism, profile and severity, and length of hospitalization was gathered from the medical files. Five months post-injury the caregivers were interviewed by phone regarding physical limitations and stress symptoms.

RESULTS
Head injuries occurred in 60% of the children, and of these, 22.2% suffered traumatic brain injury with loss of consciousness (type 1). Among the rest, 22% of Jewish children and 28% of Arab children remained with at least one activity limitation, and no statistically significant differences were found among those with head or other injuries. The odds ratio for at least two stress symptoms was higher for children involved in transport-related injuries (OR 2.70, 95% confidence interval 1.38-5.28) than for other mechanisms, controlling for injury profile. No association was found between stress symptoms and injury severity.

CONCLUSIONS
Most children had recovered by 5 months after the injury. Residual activity limitations were no different between those with head or with other injuries. Stress symptoms were related to transport-related injuries, but not to the presence of TBI or injury severity.


Structures deteriorate under action of environmental hazards and other conditions, what requiring, for the maintenance of the service life, interventions that can vary from a simple superficial repair to a elaborated installation of reinforcements. In the structural safety's evaluation of existing buildings, the guidelines used for project become inappropriate, as many of the parameters adopted generically in project can be now studied by an investigation in situ, which reduces significantly the relative uncertainties to the related variables. The aim of this dissertation is to analyze the safety condition of columns of residential buildings submitted to the structural repair. Also, it evaluates some procedures, based on safety, for execution of the repair. A methodology is proposed for intervention of those elements in terms of the global safety's coefficient, from considerations done in the evaluation of the resistances and internal forces in the cross section as well. According to the procedures, the study of the representative values of the loads that act in short periods of time of the repair work and safety's partial coefficients that will be applied to the columns, during such a process. Internal forces will be generated by commercial softwares, where input data are those specific of the analyzed structure, according to the time of the repair intervention and reference period related to the execution of the services, which correspond to few months. The presented methodology focus on normal conditions of occupation of the apartments by the tenants in the investigated buildings. Then, it is taken into account the maintenance of a minimum level of safety in the development of the works, according to a probability of failure adjusted to the current conditions of the structure and the previous response. As an application of the proposed technique, it is presented the safety's evaluation of columns located in the garage of two buildings. It was simulated the service of structural repair due to the process of initial reinforcement corrosion. It is expected that this dissertation contributes to future works culminating in the elaboration of codes for evaluation and structural repair.


This paper presents an interleaved resonant converter to reduce the voltage stress of power MOSFETs and achieve high circuit efficiency. Two half-bridge converters are connected in series at high voltage side to limit MOSFETs at Vin/2 voltage stress. Flying capacitor is used between two series half-bridge converters to balance two input capacitor voltages in each switching cycle. Variable switching frequency scheme is used to control the output voltage. The resonant circuit is operated at the inductive load. Thus, the input current of the resonant circuit is lagging to the fundamental input voltage. Power MOSFETs can be turn on under zero voltage switching. Two resonant circuits are connected in parallel to reduce the current stress of transformer windings and rectifier diodes at low voltage side. Interleaved pulse-width modulation is adopted to decrease the output ripple current. Finally, experiments are presented to demonstrate the performance of the proposed converter.


We propose a general quality-power adaptation framework that controls the perceived video quality and the length of viewing time on battery-powered video receivers. The framework can be used for standalone video devices (e.g., DVD players and notebooks) as well as mobile receivers obtaining video signals from wireless networks (e.g., mobile TV and video streaming over WiMAX). Furthermore, the framework supports both live streams (e.g., live TV shows) and pre-encoded video streams (e.g., DVD movies). We present an adaptation algorithm for each mobile device to determine the optimal substream that can be received, decoded, and rendered to the user at the: (i) highest quality for a given viewing time, and (ii) longest viewing time for a given quality without exceeding the battery level constraint. We instantiate this framework and work out its details for mobile video broadcast networks. In particular, we propose a new video broadcast scheme that enables mobile video devices to efficiently adapt scalable video streams and achieve power saving proportional to the bit rates of the received streams. We implement the proposed framework in an actual mobile video streaming testbed and we conduct experiments using real video streams broadcast to mobile phones. These experiments show the practicality of the proposed framework and the possibility of achieving viewing time scalability. For example, on a mobile phone receiving and decoding the same video program, a viewing time in the range from 4 to 11 hours can be achieved by adaptively controlling the frame rate and visual quality of the video stream.


Extensive calculations of the electric-dipole matrix elements in alkali-metal atoms are conducted using the relativistic all-order method. This approach is a linearized version of the coupled-cluster method, which sums infinite sets of many-body perturbation theory terms. All allowed transitions between the lowest ns, np{sub 1/2}, np{sub 3/2} states and a large number of excited states are considered in these calculations and their accuracy is evaluated. The resulting electric-dipole matrix elements are used for the high-precision calculation of frequency-dependent polarizabilities of the excited states of alkali-metal atoms. We find 'magic' wavelengths in alkali-metal atoms for which the ns and np{sub 1/2} and np{sub 3/2} atomic levels have the same ac Stark shifts, which facilitates state-insensitive optical cooling and trapping.


. The local supercluster acts as a gravity deflection source for cosmic background neutrinos. This deflection by gravity changes the neutrino helicity and therefore has important consequences for ground based tritium capture experiments aimed at determining if the neutrino is Dirac or Majorana. Here we explore the deflection effect of the local supercluster using the higher resolution DEMNUni simulation suite and reaffirm our previous results. We show that the lightest neutrinos are ultra-relativistic enough to suffer little deflection by gravity and at the same time not relativistic enough to achieve the same capture rate for Dirac and Majorana cases. This means that the capture rate in Ptolemy-like experiments will be sensitive to the neutrino nature and that gravity deflection enlarges the difference between Majorana and Dirac rates. Moreover, using the relation between mass and momentum of the neutrinos frozen Fermi-Dirac distribution, we are able to calculate the deflection


The clinical significance of in vitro cytostatics testing, based on 96 patients with ovarian carcinomata over a 4-year period (1976-1979) is reported. Cell cultivation and short-time incubation are used for the purpose. The cytostatic effect are ascertained by microscopic comparative tests and determination of 3H-thymidine and -cytidine incorporation. The results obtained by in vitro methods coincide to about 70%. Ovarian carcinomata are most frequently sensitive to Adriblastin and least frequently to DTIC. The correlation rate between in vitro test results and clinical reality was 83%. The clinical significance of cytostatics testing in vitro consists in --the individualisation of the tumour chemotherapy, --the possibility of a prognostic estimate, --the ascertainment of causes of chemotherapy failure, --the prevention of useless therapeutic trials on the patient.


SALMONELLOSIS is a relatively common disease of swine that has been studied extensively. There is a zoonotic potential via infected pork products, and salmonellosis also causes important losses in feeder pigs (Schwartz 1991). In wild boars (Sus scrofaferus), Salmonella species have been isolated in two of 93 animals examined for meat inspection (Kanai and others 1997), but the dinical disease has not been reported. In recent years, farms of wild boars have been formed in Spain, to obtain adult animals for the repopulation of hunting areas. Since these wild boars are farmed in a semi-extensive manner similar to that used for Iberian and Duroc pigs, it is expected that they will suffer from diseases similar to those of domestic pigs. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical signs and gross and histopathological changes of an outbreak of salmonellosis in farmed wild boars. Since wild boars are hunted and their meat products are used for human food in many areas, the recognition of lesions caused by Salmonella species in these boars is of importance with regard to meat inspection. A farm, located in south Spain, comprised 200 wild boars of different ages, allocated in three farmyards of 30 to 40 hectares each. The animals were fed with grass, acorns and pellets, and drinking water was available in pools of stagnant water in which the wild boars could also take mud baths. Clinical signs of disease were present only in twoto fivemonth-old feeder animals, all from the same farmyard. The most common signs were progressive weight loss, anorexia, weakness, difficulties in walking, lethargy and death within three to five days after the onset of signs of the disease. Some animals, particularly those aged four to five months, died suddenly without signs of illness. Twenty animals died as a consequence of the disease. The most common gross lesions seen were ulcerative ileitis, typhlitis and colitis. The ulcers were circular or linear and were covered by fibrinous or black material (Fig 1). Petechial haemorrhages were frequently seen in the endocardium, epicardium, kidney, intestinal serosa, lung and liver. In four animals, numerous small yellowish foci were observed in the liver. Spleens were moderately enlarged and firm in all cases, except one that showed marked enlargement and a dark colour. The lymph nodes, especially mesenteric nodes, were enlarged and presented with subcapsular and medullary haemorrhages. Cranial and caudal lobes of the lung were plum-red and firm. The most common histopathological changes consisted of focal haemorrhages and microthrombi in capillaries and venules of internal organs. Ulcerative typhlocolitis and ileitis with typical button ulcers (Fig 2) were found in the majority of animals. The livers were congested and, in most cases, contained multiple necrotic foci located either in hepatic lobules or in portal spaces. In some cases, these foci had been infiltrated by small numbers of neutrophils, whereas others contained numerous macrophages and some lymphocytes. Similar necrotic foci with sparse neutrophilic infiltrate were found in the spleen of three animals. Lymph nodes and tonsils contained focal haemorrhages but lymphoid depletion was not seen. Lung lesions comprised mild to moderate alveolar oedema and an infiltrate of macrophages and lymphocytes in the interalveolar septi. The central nervous system was hyperaemic and isolated focal haemorrhages and thrombi were observed. Bacteriological culture of stomach and intestine contents, liver, spleen, lung and kidney produced bacterial colonies, which were identified, using biochemical and serological tests, as Salmonella choleraesuis (profile 6:7:C:1-5). An avidinbiotin-peroxidase immunohistochemical technique to detect hog cholera viral antigens (Martin de las Mulas and others 1997) was used on histological sections of spleen, lymph nodes, tonsils, liver, lung, kidney and brain from all necropsied wild boars. The results were negative. The clinical signs and gross and histopathological lesions of the affected wild boars in this study were similar to those reported in domestic pigs suffering from the septicaemic form of salmonellosis (Jones and Hunt 1983, Reed and others 1986). However, hyperaemic or cyanotic ears, tails and abdomen, often reported in domestic pigs (Wilcock 1986, Schwartz 1991, Barker and others 1993),were not found. This


The education assessment policy in Brazil goes through dubious paths and never perceived repercussions, involving directly in the school routine, teachers and students, giving rise to problems found on the impacts, especially with regard to the most improved forms of exclusion. In this perspective, this article discusses the current policy of evaluating large-scale basic education, implemented in the 1990s, and its relation to the exclusion process. For that, a theoretical/bibliographical research was carried out in which an analysis on the concept of "education for all" was presented, until the emergence of the new ideals proposed for education based on the "Todos pela Educacao" movement. In addition, it addresses the implementation process, the instruments used and the repercussions of the large-scale evaluation policy in Brazil. In this way, it is observed that in the search for results, the process of struggles and the historically conquered conquests about education are lost as a public good, a right of all, which can not be reduced to numerical measurement, Thus an exclusion mechanism in the name of "quality".


A certain tunnel in Shanghai is adopting the diaphragm wall on enclosure structure with depth of 50 m.According to the engineering geological condition of this field,several technical difficulties are analyzed in this paper including uncontrollable verticality,grab bucket easy to go up and huge self-weight of reinforcing cage,etc.Moreover,the quality management measures during the phases of preparation and construction by the supervisory company are also emphasized.


Currently, in any Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET), one routing protocol routes the packets to their destination no matter what the network's context is! This 'one size fits all' approach is far from optimum. This paper introduces a novel intelligent routing protocol selector for MANET. The intelligent selector learns the network's performance and behaviour then chooses the optimum routing protocol according to the network's context, e.g.: number of nodes and mobility. The selector recommends the optimum network context depending on the current network situation. The selector is adaptable to the variations in the network environment by predicting four important parameters that indicate the changes in the network context. The intelligent selector system can deploy any protocol to its best advantages by testing the network's context and employing the most suitable protocol for that situation.


The principal component analysis of 15 agronomic characters were analyzed with six early maturity varieties cabbage,that provided by Zhangjiakou Hetian seed industry technology Co.,LTD.The results showed 15 agronomic characters can be divided into three factors,namely yield factor,tight factor and the outside leaf factor,respectively.'Dina'、'Cabbage 101' and 'Qiangshou' of elite materials were detected with the highest scores in comprehensive evaluation.


Self help group (SHGs) plays a significant role in poverty alternation. So we should create a large number of Self help group's helps of poor. The self help groups are not a poverty reduction programme. But it also develops the entrepreneurship skill and increase co-operation among poor people (SHGs members). So, Self help groups are need of time. In this paper we will study the meaning, objectives, structure, and growth of Self help group in India. The analytical results revealed that the Self help groups, in term of number and amount of micro loan have significantly increased during the study period. And further we found that Commercial bank plays a vital role in creating of Self help group and providing micro finance. In other words we can say that commercial banks emerge as a leader in creating Self help groups. The study also ravels that maximum no. of Self help groups has been present in southern region and while poor presence in north eastern region. The present paper also revealed that there is a significant difference between the spreading of Self help groups in different regions in India. Behind this situation several reasons are following, awareness about Self help group programme, lack of presenting NGOs in north eastern region, lack of education in women, and finally non- cooperative behave of bankers. To create large no. of NGOs.We should start a big advt. programme for creating awareness and benefit of Self help groups, properly check the performance of Self help groups and finally start entrepreneurship skill development programme and continue search business opportunity by bank and NGOs for Self help group's members.


PURPOSE: A street light holding an air wash function is provided to eliminate fine dust or polluted material remaining in the clothing by supplying compressed air into a street lamp column and spraying the compressed air outward the column. CONSTITUTION: A street lamp column(100) has a hollow hole on a circumferential side where plural injecting slots(120) connected to an inside in a longitudinal direction. A motor(200), arranged within the street lamp column, forms a screw thread with a set length in a longitudinal direction of the street lamp column, and has a rotary shaft(210) rotating normally or reversely. An injection system(300), screw-coupled with the rotary shaft and being capable of being lifted or falling while being connected to a compressed air infusing tube(340), injects the compressed air outward the column while being lifted or dropping.


In a graph $G$, a geodesic between two vertices $x$ and $y$ is a shortest path connecting $x$ to $y$. A subset $S$ of the vertices of $G$ is in general position if no vertex of $S$ lies on any geodesic between two other vertices of $S$. The size of a largest set of vertices in general position is the general position number that we denote by $gp(G)$. Recently, Ghorbani et al, proved that for any $k$ if $n\ge k^3-k^2+2k-2$, then $gp(Kn_{n,k})=\binom{n-1}{k-1}$, where $Kn_{n,k}$ denotes the Kneser graph. We improve on their result and show that the same conclusion holds for $n\ge 2.5k-0.5$ and this bound is best possible. Our main tools are a result on cross-intersecting families and a slight generalization of Bollobas's inequality on intersecting set pair systems.


Background: Rare tumors are defined as <15 cases/100,000 people/year and present an unmet need due to lack of effective medical treatments, paucity of biospecimens and research models, and difficulty accruing to clinical trials. MyPART (My Pediatric and Adult Rare Tumor Network) was established to: 1) engage patients/advocates as partners in rare tumor research, 2) provide expertise and personalized health care to children and young adults with rare tumors, and 3) build databases and tools to advance research on new treatments for rare tumors. We have developed a natural history and biospecimen acquisition study (NCT03739827), enrolling patients with rare solid tumors, their family members, and participants with germline mutations at increased rare tumor risk.
 Method: Participants in our natural history study enroll remotely or come to the National Institutes of Health Clinical Center. Participants complete medical and family history forms, patient reported outcomes (PROs), and provide tumor samples and blood and/or saliva for DNA/RNA analysis. For patients coming to the Clinical Center, blood samples are collected for immune phenotyping and cytokine analysis. Clinical staff extract medical records for downstream analyses. Tumors are analyzed using a 500+ gene panel and genomic analysis. Participants are followed yearly to collect data on recurrence, progression, PROs, development of additional tumors, and response to treatments such as standard of care and any treatment trials they may join.
 Results: We report a clinical and molecular summary of the first 200 participants (66% female, 35% male), with neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN), adrenocortical cancer (ACC), SDH-deficient gastrointestinal stromal tumor (sdGIST), chordoma, medullary thyroid cancer (MTC), and other less commonly enrolled tumors totaling 35 different tumor types. Participants come from 46 US states and 9 countries. Early results show tumor-specific differences in mutations, treatment/management, PROs, and self-reported non-tumor health issues. The most common pathogenic germline mutations are SDHA/SDHB/SDHC in sdGIST and RET in MTC and other tumors. The most common pathogenic tumor mutations are TP53 and CTNNB1 in ACC, SDHA/B and TP53 in sdGIST, MEN1 in NEN, RET and HRAS in MTC, and SMARCB1 in chordoma. Clinically significant levels of anxiety and pain are more frequent in ACC, NEN, and sdGIST.
 Conclusions: By developing methods to provide value to rare tumor patients, using a large catchment area and opportunity for remote participation, and collecting data in a tumor-agnostic way, we can learn about multiple rare tumors and share findings more quickly than if each rare tumor was studied alone. We describe the MyPART cohort and challenges to overcome for successful longitudinal rare tumor natural history studies.
 Citation Format: Shadin Ahmed, Margarita Raygada, Robin Lockridge, Mary Frances Wedekind Malone, Jaydira Del Rivero, John W. Glod, Barbara J. Thomas, Donna Bernstein, Markku M. Miettinen, Liqiang Xi, Jung Kim, Manoj Tygagi, Mark Raffeld, Kenneth Aldape, Ashkan A. Malayeri, Abby B. Sandler, Brigitte C. Widemann, Karlyne M. Reilly. My Pediatric and Adult Rare Tumor Network (MyPART): integrating longitudinal, clinical, molecular, and patient-reported outcomes for rare tumors. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 4512.


A pilot program of sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam) integrated crop management (ICM)-farmer field schools (FFSs) was implemented in six communities in Indonesia, using protocols developed jointly by a team of farmers, researchers, and development workers. Monitoring and evaluation studies showed that participation in the FFS enhanced farmers' crop management knowledge and skills. Several of their changed cultivation practices led to increased net income as a result of reduced cultivation costs and/or increased yields. Farmer participation in research was shown to have contributed to the relevancy, appropriateness, and impact of the sweetpotato ICM-FFS protocols.


It is necessary to have a model to design magnetic gear (MG) optimally and to investigate the effective parameters on its performance. This study proposed a two-dimensional (2D) model to predict the magnetic components of coaxial MG (CMG). This model is based on the mesh analysis method considering core nonlinear B-H curve. In the proposed model, the radial and tangential components of flux densities, magnetic fluxes as well as the inner/outer rotor torque are estimated by extraction of the magnetic equivalent circuit (MEC). The effect of non-linear B-H magnetising curve is considered on the MEC model and it is compared with linear core (constant probability). Furthermore, the dynamic model of CMG is presented and its torque-angle curve and consequently its pull-out torque is obtained. To validate the proposed model, the 2D MEC model results are compared with results of finite element method analysis.


[Objective] To determine the chemical constituents of volatile oil from root of Gaultheria yunnanensis(Franch) Rehd,so as to provide evidence for the development of Gaultheria yunnanensis(Franch) Rehd root. [Method] By employing GC-MS,the compositions of volatile oil from root of Gaultheria yunnanensis(Franch) Rehd were analyzed. [Result] Seven compounds were obtained from the volatile oil from Gaultheria yunnanensis(Franch) Rehd root,of which,contents of three ones were relative higher,i.e. methyl salicylate(89.815%) ,methyl cyclopentene(6.258%) and cyclohexane(2.693%) . [Conclusion] Volatile oil from root of Gaultheria yunnanensis(Franch) Rehd is rich in methyl salicylate,and this study provides evidence for the development of Gaultheria yunnanensis(Franch) Rehd root.


Insulation calculation for equipment and pipe is quite complicated and tedious. To get more accurate and efficient solution, a computer program based on economical thickness method is developed with functions of thermal insulation, cooling insulation and dew point check, etc. Having been applied in plants and compared with literature data,it is proves that program calculated values of economical thickness, heat loss and outside surface temperature are in good agreement with those of the plant operating parameters and the corresponding data in the literature, thus the results can be conveniently and reliably applied in the design of heat insulation system.


The register element (flip-flop) is a basic building block to design and clocking system, which consists of the clock distribution network and register element. A large portion of the on chip power is consumed by the clocking system. The total power consumption of the clocking system depends on both clocking distribution network and also the register elements (flip flops). The power consumption of register element is higher than that of the clocking distribution network. The objective is to reduce the power consumption by the register elements(flip-flop). A method of Conditional Data Mapping Flip flop(CDMFF) was proposed earlier. The drawbacks of CDMFF are , it uses more number of transistors and it has a floating node on its critical path. Moreover it cannot be used in noise intensive environment. So one new design of register element Double edge triggered flip-flop (PDETFF) is proposed. In this method, the number of transistor is reduced by sharing the clocked pair transistors. The floating node problem is also avoided by using Pseudo nmos technology. The design can be implemented in DSCH and MICROWIND 3.1 CMOS layout tool. The performance is analysed in terms of total number of transistors (N) Area (A) , Power (P). analysis of the performance parameters shows the performance of PDETFF is superior compared to the conventional flip flop. Overall power is reduced in PDETFF when compared to the existing flip-flop and 14 to 21% reduction of power can be achieved. In addition due to the absence of floating node problem low swing can be easily incorporated in to the register element (flip-flop) to build clocking system.


When my medical school class began there were 64 eager students, and 64 students eventually finished four years later. I recall each year the story surrounding the one who did not make it and was replaced. From the first day we were told how small our class size was; it was obvious to anyone who had come from the larger universities. One Berkeley graduate said, "I had more people than this in my organic lab!" The newness of the school soon faded, but the excitement of histology, physiology, and courses I can no longer remember propelled us through the first quarter. Tight groups of friends readily developed, but one person seemed to remain anonymous even within this small group of 64. It was the classics major, dark-haired, with round-rimmed tortoise-shell glasses, soft-spoken, who, when we were in social groups, was always alone. He did not play touch football, throw the


Wireless network infrastructures, notably cellular networks, are becoming a vital element for exchanging electronic data in low income countries. Several key sectors are already leveraging on cellular networks: mobile financial transactions have already gained an enormous success, and the health care sector is also aiming to tackle outstanding challenges like providing basic health care services to remote communities, by using cheap mobile devices. So far, more than ten mobile based health care services are deployed in low-income countries. Among those, mobile data collection is the one used to replace traditional paper form based data collection with electronic digital forms by the use of Mobile Data Collection Systems (MDCS). However, although such systems are often used to collect sensitive health-related data, critical issues like security and privacy of personal data have not been systematically addressed. Particularly, very little has been done to protect data while stored on the phone. This paper focuses on low budget mobile phones with low hardware and software specification, and proposes adequate secure solutions for data storage protection. Our secure storage scheme is flexible enough to be integrated in existing mobile client applications. The solution has been extensively tested and integrated into a production MDCS. For this work, we collaborated with the open-source mobile data collection project, openXdata.


Finite-difference schemes for the one-dimensional shallow water equations in the presence of a magnetic field for various bottom topographies are constructed. Based on the results of the group classification recently carried out by the authors, finite-difference analogues of the conservation laws of the original differential model are obtained. Some typical problems are considered numerically, for which a comparison is made between the cases of a magnetic field presence and when it is absent (the standard shallow water model). The invariance of difference schemes in Lagrangian coordinates and the energy preservation on the obtained numerical solutions are also discussed.


Subject
 French party competition.

 Significance
 The 2017 presidential election dealt a major blow to the parties that had dominated French political competition over the past six decades. Party competition consolidated subsequently around a 'globalist against nativist' narrative pitting President Emmanuel Macron's En Marche (LRM) against Marine Le Pen's National Rally (RN). Ahead of the 2022 presidential election, this competition looks set to persist.

 Impacts
 Macron's hardening positions on crime and immigration will weaken further his appeal among left-wing voters.
 Macron's focus on the 2022 election may weaken his recent growing assertiveness vis-a-vis EU and French foreign policy.
 Next year's municipal elections represent an opportunity for some of the marginalised parties to regain electoral momentum.


Despite its seemingly effortless execution, standing balance is a complex task maintained by the integration of sensory feedback from visual, somatosensory (muscle, skin, joint receptors), and vestibular (inner ear) systems. The vestibular system provides feedback about head acceleration and can be manipulated experimentally by passing an electrical current percutaneously through the mastoid processes. The cerebellum plays an important role in standing balance by integrating sensory feedback to refine activity in postural muscles. A recent study has shown that experimentally depressing cerebellar activity with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation can influence postural sway and muscle reflex responses following electrical vestibular stimulation. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of acute cerebellar stimulation on vestibular muscle reflex responses in different head positions during standing balance. We applied a novel combination of stochastic electrical vestibular stimulation (SVS, ±2.5 mA, 0–20 Hz) and single‐pulse cerebellum transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS, 60% maximum stimulator output) on fifteen healthy adults (6 males, 9 females; 21–32 years old) in two head positions: head forward and head right. Muscle reflexes were recorded bilaterally with surface electromyography (EMG) from lower leg (soleus and medial gastrocnemius) and neck (sternocleidomastoid) muscles. Time‐based cumulant density and frequency‐based coherence analyses were used to evaluate the relationship between the SVS and evoked EMG responses one second before (Pre) and one second after (Post) cerebellar TMS. 50 TMS pulses were delivered per head position. Preliminary analysis performed on left medial gastrocnemius (LMG) head right data indicated a significant reduction in the short latency (SL, P = 0.0377) and medium latency (ML, P < 0.0001) reflexes following cerebellar TMS (Fig. 1 ). In addition, a significant drop in the coherence between the SVS and LMG Pre to Post was found using a difference of coherence test. These findings support the cerebellum to be an important center for the integration of vestibular feedback for the control of standing balance.


A Validated RP-HPLC method has been developed for estimation of Bifonazole in bulk and pharmaceutical cream. The method was developed using C18 column (250×4.6 mm; 5µm) with a mobile phase consisting of methanol and 0.1 M sodium acetate in ratio of 70:30 at P H 3, flow rate of 1 ml/min with retention time found 6.54 min. Detection was carried out at 252 nm with UV detector. The developed method was evaluated for various system suitability parameters and validated for linearity, accuracy, precision, LOD, LOQ as per ICH guidelines. The proposed method can be used for the estimation Bifonazole in their pharmaceutical dosage forms and no interference of excipients found in developed method.


In a tandem cold mill for stainless steel, an optimum reduction rate is necessary for each stand. A conventional mill set-up uses a lookup-table to optimize the rolling schedule. However, to reflecting all the input conditions and manual interventions on a model is difficult. In this paper, we propose a mill set-up model that can efficiently predict the reduction rate for each stand by considering various input conditions. The proposed prediction model has a multi-output tree structure with a smaller time complexity for easy interpretation. The key contribution to the proposed algorithm is variable selection. According to the results of an analysis of the time-complexity, the proposed algorithm is less time consuming and is capable of learning datasets with a large number of variables more efficiently than the single-output CART (classification and regression trees). To evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm, we applied it to the rolling reduction rate of a tandem cold mill in POSCO. The proposed algorithm achieves a similar level of R-squared in only 18% of the computing time required for an existing single-output CART algorithm.


1918. Stulecie odzyskania Niepodległości communist propaganda which specialized in placing their numerous monuments and plaques disappear from the city landscape. The theme of Torun patriotic monuments of the interwar period is still open and needs to be more detailed.


This letter presents a novel wideband metal-only transmitarray (TA). Up to date, existing works on metal-only TAs use at least three layers spaced by air gaps. Compared to these designs, the presented TA has only two layers and can realize a full 360ˆ phase shift with low insertion loss and wide bandwidth. The TA unit cell consists of two metal layers connected by a metal post and converts the linearly polarized incident wave to the orthogonal direction. This type of configuration increases the mechanical robustness of the TA surface and improves the alignment accuracy of the layers. Through mirroring the slots on the bottom layer, the electrical field of the transmitted wave is rotated by 180°, which is equivalent to a phase shift of 180°. Using this characteristic and simultaneously adjusting the lengths of the slots, a continuously 360° phase shift range is obtained. To verify this design concept, a prototype consisting of 256- unit cells was designed, fabricated, and measured. The experimental results show that the TA has 14.6% 1 dB gain bandwidth and 47.6% aperture efficiency at 8.5 GHz. The proposed TA has the advantages of wideband, no dielectric loss, and robust performance.


NMR and NQR studies on two interesting systems (URu2Si2, CeTIn5) were performed under high pressure. (1) URu2Si2: In the pressure range 3.0 to 8.3 kbar, we have observed new 29Si NMR signals arising from the antiferromagnetic (AF) region besides the previously observed 29Si NMR signals which come from the paramagnetic (PM) region in the sample. This gives definite evidence for spatially-inhomogeneous development of AF ordering below T0 of 17.5 K. The volume fraction is enhanced by applied pressure, whereas the value of internal field (∼91 mT) remains constant up to 8.3 kbar. In the AF region, the ordered moment is about one order of magnitude larger than 0.03 μB. (2) CeTIn5: The pressure and temperature (T ) dependences of nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate 1/T1 of 115In in CeTIn5 have shown that the superconductivity (SC) occurs close to an AF instability. From the T dependences of 1/T1 and Knight shift below Tc, CeTIn5 has been found to exhibit non-s wave (probable d wave) SC with even parity and line nodes in the SC energy gap.


The article concerns the unconventional architectural forms of buildings roofed with transformed shells made up of thin-walled steel fold sheets, and a parametric description of how they are shaped. Complicated deformations of flanges and webs, as well as the complex static–strength work of the folds in a shell roof, demand the creation of simplified models regarding the parameterization of such shells and their integration with the general forms of the buildings. To obtain favorable results, it was necessary to write computer applications because of both the complicated problems related to the significant limitations of the transformations, as well as the great possibilities of shaping shell roofs by means of directrices of almost free shape and mutual position. The developed procedures enable the prediction of shapes and states of all the folds in the designed shell. They take account of two basic conditions related to these restrictions, which guarantee that the folds encounter little resistance when matching their transformed forms to the roof directrices, and that their initial effort was as low as possible. The developed procedures required solving a number of issues in the fields of architecture, civil engineering, and structures, and are illustrated with an example of shaping one unconventional architectural form. The interdisciplinary study explains a new insight into shaping such forms.


The low level of human resources is caused by several factors, one of which is considered quite urgent is the low fighting power of the Indonesian generation. The purpose of this community service is to provide psychoeducation regarding the understanding of what kind of parenting can support the development of grit in adolescents. The method used in this community service is service learning, which integrates academic activities into community empowerment which in turn provides opportunities for service providers to reflect on the things that have been implemented. The result of this activity is an increase in grit in students through parenting.


This paper consists of three main parts: First part: includes the synthesis of ligand for Schiff bases (L1, L2) from the reaction of aldehydes (vanillin, isovanillin) with amines (cytosine), which are shown in the following: L1: 4-(I1-azaneyl)pyrimidin-2(1H)-one2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol; L2: 4-(I1-azaneyl)pyrimidin-2(1H)-one2-methoxy-5-vinylphenol. Second part: Synthesis of new divalent metal complexes through the reaction of ligand (L1, L2) prepared in this study with chlorides salts and metal sulfates (nickel, cobalt, copper, manganese, and zinc) in a ratio of (1:1) (ligand: salt metal). The prepared ligands and complexes were characterized by physical and spectroscopic methods, including conductivity measurements, magnetic susceptibility measurements, melting point, atomic absorption spectroscopy, micro elemental analysis - CHN, UV-Vis, FT-IR, and H-NMR spectroscopies. From the results of these measurements, it was found that the ligands (L1, L2) prepared in this study behave like a bidentate ligands behavior as donor atoms are associated with metals via the nitrogen atoms in the (C=N) group and the (NH2) group, as well as in the pyrimidine ring. Also, it was found that all the complexes possess the proposed geometric shapes, which are the tetrahedral geometry and the square planar geometric shape.


As cathodic protection systems are fed from 0.C. sources, a difficulty will be faced to find a suitable 0.c, source if such systems are used to protect petroleum tanks or pipe lines which lie in isolated areas far away from the existing transmission lines, Usually 3 methods could be adopted here:  i) Installing a transmission link with a rectifier substation between the nearest convenient existing transmission line and the D.C. cathodic protection source.  ii) Using private motor-generator sets; where the motor as a prime mover works by convenient fossil fuel.  iii) Using storage battery systems, the capacity of which must be large enough to supply the required protective current during a period necessary for charging a second battery at the nearest charging station and replacing the one in use. In this case the charging battery system may he fed from rectifier substations, or private D.C. generating sots whose prime movers operate with conventional or non-conventional  energy sources.  This paper presents the limitations and conditions required for the conveniency of applying the non-conventional energy sources (photovoltaic) and their economical aspects in charging such batteries; together with examples of calculations clarifying the analytical steps and assumptions adopted in this study by means of which the final conclusions and results presented here were deduced. A simplified approach for the solar specific annual energy cost calculations using nomogram analysis and performance charts applied to local conditions in this respect is present od also in this paper.


The cooperation principle and the politeness principle are the western most influential pragmatic principles.The cooperation principle is the basic principle of conversation,to which the politeness principle is a supplement.This article discusses the both theories and thier applications to the service to the readers,and attempts to help the library staff of the universities to sharpen their conversation abilities and raise their service levels.


Tumour‐cell heterogeneity has been studied in a continuous cell line, UCRU‐BL 17CL, established from a xenografted human primary bladder carcinoma. The cell line, grown in vitro for more than 30 generations, reflects the pathology of both the xenograft from which it was derived and the original human tumour. It comprises mainly adenocarcinoma cells which secrete mucin in vitro, as well as squamous and transitional carcinoma cells. Features of both adenocarcinomatous and squamous differentiation have been observed within the same cell. The line expresses ABH blood group isoantigens, binds to peanut lectin and reacts with monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) raised against keratin and against normal and malignant epithelial cells. It also reacts with MAbs against ras p21 proteins and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). It shows high levels of lactic acid dehydrogenase jsozyme 5, consistent with a high‐grade tumour, forms colonies in meth‐ylcellulose and is tumorigenic in nude mice. The karyotype (human) shows many marker chromosomes, consistent with expression of EGF receptors and ras p21 proteins, and an 11:13 translocation. DNA content, as studied by flow cytometry, reveals a shift from tetraploid to near triploid. This line may provide a useful model for studies of the histogenesis of bladder cancer and the relationship between transitional‐cell carcinoma and the other histological subtypes of this disease.


This paper presents techniques of integrating haptic device into com- puter-aided design and manufacturing. The methodology is proposed as three steps: 1) develop the virtual sculpting system for aiding product design; 2) con- vert the product design into acceptable form for downstream manufacturing or rapid prototyping; 3) develop multi-axis polyhedral machining planning system with haptic input. Experiment and examples are presented to illustrate the workflow. The presented techniques can be used for haptic virtual prototyping, computer-aided design and manufacturing, and multi-axis machining planning.


The evolution of globalization and technology have changed the playground for international business and made it possible for smaller businesses to compete internationally among large and capital i ...


Abstract Small-scale oceanic motions consist of vortical motion and internal waves. In a linear or weakly nonlinear system these two types of motions can be unambiguously separated using normal-mode decomposition in which the vortical mode carries the linear perturbation potential vorticity, whereas the gravity mode does not. Normal-mode decomposition can be easily achieved using the fields of horizontal divergence, relative vorticity, and vortex stretching. An attempt to estimate these three fields is made using the Internal Wave Experiment (IWEX) measurements. Estimates of horizontal divergence and relative vorticity using the three-point array are attenuated at horizontal scales smaller than the size of the array and mutually contaminated at the horizontal separation scale of the sensors. Estimates of vortex stretching using vertically separated vertical displacement measurements are also attenuated at small vertical scales. The observed frequency spectra represent oceanic wavenumber frequency spectra ...


Objectives: to find out the pain prevalence in competitive karate practitioners derived from training and its relation to anthropometric and sports factors. Methods: prevalence study. A total of 56 karate practitioners completed a questionnaire at the end of their karate training. Results: the pain prevalence was 67.9%. The knee has been shown to be the most prevalence zone related to pain (31%) as well as related to instability subjective feeling (50%). There were significant statistical correlations between pain and age (p=0.04), Body Mass Index (p=0.045), belt level (p=0.017) and karate training frequency (p=0.011). Conclusions: the pain in competitive karate practitioners during training shows a high prevalence in the sample studied. There was a statistically significant correlation in pain in karate practitioners with higher body mass index, higher age, higher belt level and higher karate training frequency.


This paper presents a 0.1–2 GHz ultra-broadband radio frequency (RF) power amplifier (PA) with 50Ω input and output matching using 0.18 μm CMOS technology. To obtain a good gain flatness and broadband matching with a small chip size, this PA employs a two-stage stacked-FET structure with combinations of matching resistor and feedback resistor. To overcome the low breakdown voltage, 4 FETs are connected in series to form a quadruple-stacked structure. The measurement results show a gain flatness of 18.1±0.6dB, the maximum input return loss (S11) of -10.5 dB, the maximum output return loss (S22) of -12.6 dB, and 20dBm saturated output power with the corresponding power added efficiency (PAE) of 12%. To our knowledge, this is the first CMOS PA ever reported which achieves this combination of instantaneous bandwidth, gain flatness, output power and broadband matching, within a chip size of 0.62 mm2.


The aim was to study the effects of nanoceria on pro / antioxidant balance in the tissues of salivary glands in glutamate (MSG)-induced obese rats. We included 48 Wistar rats of both genders and divided into four groups, and conducted comparative assessment of intragastric administration of nanocrystalline cerium dioxide at a dose of 1 mg/kg at the background of glutamate-induced obesity. We determined the total activity of NО-synthase, the maintenance of nitrites, the content of TBA-reactive substances , the content of oxidative modified proteins and catalase activity in the homogenate of salivary glands' tissues of rats. Intragastric administration of nanocrystalline cerium dioxide prevents impairment of pro/antioxidant equilibrium in the tissues of salivary glands of rats on the background of MSG-indused obesity. Intragastric administration of nanocrystalline cerium dioxide on the background of MSG-indused obesity significantly reduces the total NO-synthase activity and the nitrate anions content in salivary gland tissues of rats compared to the group of animals without correction. MSG-induced obesity leads to oxidative stress development in the salivary glands of rats. Administation of nanoceria contributes to the correction of pathological changes in salivary glands via restoring pro/antioxidant balance and preventing the activation of NO-ergic system.


In a pilot survey about family size and the use of contraception for which the sample was the parents of legitimate babies the interviews with fathers were systematically divided between men and women interviewers. There was no difference in the response rate of the two groups and although there were some differences in the types of answers given to certain questions most of the differences might have occurred by chance. We could not see any clear pattern in the sorts of response that varied. A hypothesis about the variation was put forward by some of our advisers and we collected some further information about this which did not support the hypothesis. On the basis of this study we do not feel it necessary to recruit and train men to interview the fathers on the main study but are using women interviewers for both mothers and fathers.


An automobile fuel pump driven by a motor is provided to prevent deterioration of a discharging function of a pump part by preventing rotation of an intake plate. In an automobile fuel pump driven by a motor, a pump part is installed at an inner part of a case. A motor part has a rotation axis for driving the pump part. A pump part includes an intake plate(221) having an inlet inhaling a fuel from a fuel tank, a discharge plate part(40) having an outlet discharging the fuel into the motor part, a sidewall part with a ring type(41) forming a receiving room with an eccentricity to the rotation axis of the motor part, a first gear with the ring type installing at the receiving room and having a gear part at an inner circumference, and a second gear having the gear part coping with the gear part of the first gear. A protruding part is formed at the inside of the case. And, a plurality of groove parts for fixing locations(215,216) is respectively formed at an outer circumference of the intake plate and the sidewall with extending to the rotation axis direction and in which is inserted by the protrusion part.


The Wiener index W was defined originally for saturated hydrocarbons. In this work the definition of W was extended for unsaturated hydrocarbons: W=W s +W d +W t +W a , where s, d, t, and a refer to the contributions of single, double, triple and aromatic bonds, respectively. Good correlation (r=0.95) could be demonstrated between the logarithms of n-octanol-water partition coefficients of the molecules and the components W s , W d , W t and W a


It is well known the story of the Hardy-Ramanujan number, 1729 (also a Poulet number), which is the smallest number expressible as the sum of two cubes in two different ways, but I have not met yet, not even in OEIS, the sequence of the Poulet numbers which can be written as x^3±y^3, sequence that I conjecture in this paper that is infinite. I also conjecture that there are infinite Poulet numbers which are centered cube numbers (equal to 2*n^3 + 3*n^2 + 3*n + 1), also which are centered hexagonal numbers (equal to 3*n^2 + 3*n + 1).


The author summarizes the experience of professor WANG in treating malignant tumor into the following points. (1) Combining traditional Chinese medicine with western medicine so that the two compensate with each other; (2) paying equal attention to reinforcing body resistance and eliminating pathogenic factors; (3) combining syndrome differentiation with disease differentiation; (4) using drugs flexibly; (5) regulating the condition systemically. The combination of the five methods ensures good therapeutic effect.


Cancer Biology
To reach distant organs, circulating tumor cells that are shed from primary tumors must withstand considerable shear forces in the lymph and blood. In a Perspective, Goetz discusses the influence of flow mechanics on tumor cell distribution to distant sites and the formation of metastases. Understanding this process more clearly may help identify targets to prevent metastatic outgrowth, the main cause of death in cancer patients.

Science , this issue p. [999][1]

 [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.aat9100


There is a need to extrapolate from in vitro concentrations to in vivo dose. To do this extrapolation it is necessary to be able to calculate free concentrations in both systems and then compare them. Concerning the in vitro side, in the first part of this work, we had developed and implemented, based on HTS (High Throughput Screening) laboratory data, a compound fate model using the partitioning approach. The developed fate model was able to predict the role of serum in toxicity assays as well as provide estimation on the partitioning of a certain compound between the headspace, plastic wall and the medium: attached to serum, free dissolved and attached to the cells. However, the partitioning approach assumes that the equilibrium is fast in comparison with the duration of the experiments which could not be the case for the partitioning to the cells. For this reason, a DEB (Dynamic Energy Budget) stage-based toxicity model has been developed and experimentally verified in the second part of this work. In addition, the model allows using internal concentrations as the toxicity scale allowing a toxicodynamics' independent raking of the toxic potency of a chemical and the possibility of toxicity data reconciliation from several sources taking into account the inherent dynamics always present during cell-based assays. The results show that this approach opens a new way of analyzing this type of data sets and offers the possibility of extrapolating the values obtained to calculate in vivo human toxicology thresholds using a PBPK modelling approach.


The 3D Ⅰarea in LK, in Shandong Province is mainly located in the tidal zone and shallow water area of the Circum-Berhai Bay. The subsurface exploration targets are coal beds in Tertiary System, which are shallow and difficult to explore. The seismic data must be of high S/N ratio and high resolution because of getting coal from seabed has high risk. According to the features of surface conditions and shallow layer exploration, small charges in shallow wells was used to ensure the high resolution of data in intertidal zone, and the"spot-like source" of optimum air gun array was used to avoid the bubble effects and in the mean time real-time positioning and quadric positioning techniques were applied to ensure to the hydrophones were laid at a acceptable precision in shallow water area. The result from the real work indicates that this technique is especially suitable to the seismic exploration from shallow layers in tidal zone and shallow water area.


Abstract: We described the role of dendritic cells (DCs) in aspects of T cell activation at the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) in trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)‐induced colitis. An antigenic‐immune response is induced at the MLN, and dendritic cells are the affected cell type. Cross‐linking and GRO/CINC‐1 have synergistic effects for DC maturation.


1. Flynn A. Estrogen modulation of blood copper and other essential metal concentrations. In: Inflammatory Diseases and Copper. Sorenson JRJ ed. Clifton, New Jersey: Human Press 1982: 17-30. 2. Powanda MC. The role of leukocyte endogenous mediator (endogenous pyrogen) in inflammation. In: Sorenson JRJ, ed. Inflammatory Diseases and Copper. Clifton, New Jersey: Human Press 1982: 31-44. assay used by us measures PA activity directly and therefore differences in fibrin levels between malignant and nonmalignant gastric tissues may not be the only explanation for the changes observed. Undoubtedly immunological assays are best equipped to discriminate between these various PAS, and by the use of specific monoclonal antibodies to urokinase and tissue-type PAS we are in the process of establishing an immunoperoxidase staining method for gastric tissue sections. With this method it will also be possible to identify the various cell types responsible for enzyme activity.


The invention relates to a method and a system for reducing multithread program power consumption. The method includes that lock information of an execution thread for visiting locks for a first time is recorded in a lock prediction table, timing is conducted the moment the execution thread enters a critical zone when the executing thread visits the recorded locks and the critical zone, and other threads requiring visiting enter a lock queue sequentially. According to lock holding time recorded in a lock holding time prediction table and by considering the priority of the threads, corresponding processor cores of the threads not entering the critical zone are controlled to enter a proper low-power-consumption mode. When the records in the lock holding time prediction table are approached, the power consumption mode of the corresponding processor core of the thread with highest priority going to enter the critical zone is timely recovered to enable the thread to conduct normal execution in the critical zone. When the execution thread leaves the critical zone, corresponding lock holding time in the lock holding time prediction table is updated. When the selected threads enter the critical zone, the power consumption mode of the corresponding processor core of the thread with the highest priority in the lock queue is adjusted.


Seaweed (Euchema spinosum) is a plant that has antioxidant and antibacterial activity. Seaweed is known to contain flavonoids, triterpenoids, steroids, and alkaloids. Based on the compounds possessed by seaweed, it can be used as a hand antiseptic. This study aims to make hand sanitizer gel formulation of Seaweed (Euchema Spinosum) methanol extract as antibacterial against Escherichia coli and Stapylococcus aureus bacteria based on HPMC. Seaweed (Euchema Spinosum) methanol extract hand sanitizer gel was made in 3 formulas with varying levels of seaweed extract, namely F1 (5%), F2 (10%), F3 (15%). The extraction method was carried out using maceration with methanol


The present study was aimed to develop and validate simple, sensitive, precise, economic and accurate method for simultaneous estimation of Lamivudine and Dolutegravir Sodium in synthetic mixture. The RP-HPLC was performed using Intersil C18 column (150mm*3mm, 3μm particle size), a binary mixture of methanol and water at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. Both the drugs were analysed at 260 nm using PDA Detector. The Lamivudine and Dolutegravir Sodium show linearity in the range of 7.5–45 μg/ml and 1.3–7.8 μg/ml respectively. The retention times of Lamivudine and Dolutegravir Sodium were found to be 2.870 min and 5.637 min respectively. The developed method was evaluated for precision, accuracy and robustness parameters also. The intraday and inter day precision data found to be less than 2% RSD showing the method is precise. The accuracy study was performed using standard addition technique and found between 98–102%. The Limit of Detection was found to be 2.10 μg/ml and 0.37 μg/ml for Lamivudine and Dolutegravir Sodium respectively. The limit of Quantitation was found to be 6.38 μg/ml and 1.14 μg/ml for Lamivudine and Dolutegravir Sodium respectively. The % RSD for robustness study was also found below 2%, indicates that the method is robust.


We propose new physical model of the development of turbulence in free shear flows which contains main idea about leading role of large scale structures. Our theory is based on the results of numerical simulations of turbulent flow development. In these calculations the main idea of the proposed theory of turbulence in free shear flow is stated as follow: the onset of turbulence begins with the formation of large vortices. Very important moment is the appearance of the secondary instability. This instability leads to the creation of turbulence cascade. In our calculation we obtain the spectrum which is different from Kolmogorov's universal spectrum. The spectrum is sensitive to the problem dimensionality. We show our results of the evolution of large-scale turbulence in accretion disks for thin accretion disk. A possible mechanism explaining the transfer of angular momentum by large vortices that form in the disk without any noticeable heating of the matter is suggested.


The editorial by Sibbald and Stanbrook[1][1] supports the ideals of the Canada Health Act, one of which is accessibility. In Canada, medical care is not as accessible as it should be. Not having a primary care doctor of one's own is unacceptable, as are the long wait times to see a specialist, and


The challenge of increasing the exposure of undergraduate engineers to the opportunities for, and constraints on, working in developing countries has resulted, at the University of Notre Dame, in the examination of three models for providing appropriate learning experiences. Experience with a multidisciplinary experiential seminar on water supply in Haiti (involving students from multiple colleges at the University of Notre Dame) is compared both with a cross-disciplinary elective course on water supply development (again, involving students from multiple colleges at the University of Notre Dame) and with an REU (Research Experience for Undergraduates) site focused on water resources in developing countries (involving students from a number of universities and focused on research in Benin, Haiti, Honduras, and Chile). The Haiti seminar and the REU program both involve travel to, and interaction with, locals in the developing country. Impact of these three models on student learning is examined through application of surveys to students participating in each of these models, the pool of students applying to the research projects, a control group of senior engineering students, and representatives from industry. Both entrance and exit surveys were administered to the students in the elective course and students participating in the REU program. Among the similarities observed among students in all three groups was an increased perception (in particular, compared to the industry representatives) of need for education on international issues and the liberal arts. Differences among the groups were correlated to the primary learning objectives of the three models. Additionally, the Haiti and REU models attracted a disproportionately large percentage of women. Introduction The Department of Civil Engineering and Geological Sciences at the University of Notre Dame has dedicated effort to increasing awareness among undergraduates of the role of the engineer as a significant contributor within a multidisciplinary team for addressing water resources in developing countries. This effort is related closely to the recognition at Notre Dame, as well as at other institutions of higher education1, that there is an increasing need to expose undergraduate engineering students to the social, political and cultural components of engineering practice. Three models of learning experience (summarized in Table 1) have been utilized in at Notre Dame with various levels of commitment of financial resources, faculty time, and risk: P ge 807.1 "Proceedings of the 2003 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition Copyright @ 2003, American Society for Engineering Education" Model 1: A classroom experience taught entirely at Notre Dame on development of • international water resources (enrollment included a combination of engineering and nonengineering students), Model 2: An experiential seminar involving an interdisciplinary team of Notre Dame • students who train at Notre Dame and then travel to Haiti to work on hand-pump repair, and Model 3: An REU site on water resources in developing countries (supported by the NSF • Research Experience for Undergraduates program) involving students from multiple universities who train at Notre Dame and then join faculty from Notre Dame, the University of New Mexico (Dr. Michael Campana), or the University of Nevada, Reno (Dr. Scott Tyler) for research experiences outside the United States. The classroom experience involves students from a variety of disciplines who study the technological, economic, political and social aspects of developing water resource projects (of various magnitudes) in developing countries. The course involves student projects completed in cooperation with contacts in developing countries. This course requires commitment of one faculty member for the semester in which the course is offered. There are no significant financial issues (either to the student or the university) related with this learning experience. The classroom experience is limited to no more than 20 students per semester. The experiential seminar involves 5-10 undergraduates from Notre Dame (including both engineers and non-engineers) who train two-hours per week over 8-12 weeks on hand-pump repair and then travel with a faculty member to Haiti. In Haiti, this group works with the local population in training on hand-pump repair and sustainable maintenance of water wells. The majority of the costs associated with this seminar are borne by Notre Dame (through internal funds and private donations). The course requires a commitment of one faculty member, as well as travel time to Haiti for that same faculty member (usually 10 days to 2 weeks). In addition to the financial commitment required for this seminar, there are a number of risks to the students and faculty in this seminar. These include travel within the U.S., air travel to Haiti, ground transportation in Haiti, the risks commonly associated with fieldwork on wells, and the lack of availability of medical care in Haiti. Risks associated with housing, food, and vehicle care are minimized, in this seminar, through long-term association of this seminar with a missionary compound in northern Haiti. The REU (research experience for undergraduates) site involves 8 students (supplemented with additional funding to include additional students) who participate in general training at Notre Dame, followed by project-specific preparation at one of the three participating schools (Notre Dame, University of New Mexico, and University of Nevada Reno). Each student then joins a faculty member on a short-term research project in a developing country. Following return from the developing country, the students present results of their effort at a student research symposium. This experience represents the highest cost of the three learning experiences in terms of faculty commitment, financial requirements, and risk. The training portion of this REU requires full time effort of one faculty member for approximately 4 weeks. The international P ge 807.2 "Proceedings of the 2003 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition Copyright @ 2003, American Society for Engineering Education" Table 1: Models examined for a learning experience related to engineering in a developing country. Model 1 is the classroom experience. Model 2 is the Haiti seminar. Model 3 is the REU program. Model Limited to Notre Dame Students? Limited to Engineering Students? Travel to Developing Country? Approximate Group Size When Offered Minimum Number of Faculty Required Estimated Cost Estimate Of Risk 1 Y N N 10-20 Semester 1 Low Low 2 Y N Y 10 Semester 1 High High 3 N N Y 10 Summer 3 High High


Hierarchical modeling and learning has proven very powerful in the field of Gaussian process regression and kernel methods, especially for machine learning applications and, increasingly, within the field of inverse problems more generally. The classical approach to learning hierarchical information is through Bayesian formulations of the problem, implying a posterior distribution on the hierarchical parameters or, in the case of empirical Bayes, providing an optimization criterion for them. Recent developments in the machine learning literature have suggested new criteria for hierarchical learning, based on approximation theoretic considerations that can be interpreted as variants of cross-validation, and exploiting approximation consistency in data splitting. The purpose of this paper is to compare the empirical Bayesian and approximation theoretic approaches to hierarchical learning, in terms of large data consistency, variance of estimators, robustness of the estimators to model misspecification, and computational cost. Our analysis is rooted in the setting of Matern-like Gaussian random field priors, with smoothness, amplitude and inverse lengthscale as hierarchical parameters, in the regression setting. Numerical experiments validate the theory and extend the scope of the paper beyond the Matern setting.


Poor college students' psychological pressure draws great attention by society,school and family.An insightful understanding of psychological pressure of poor college students is given in the paper.Psychological pressure usually couldn't be relieved effectively by psychological intervention treatment for there are various misunderstanding in it.The correction of those misunderstanding may get realized by the following sensible strategies of psychological intervention treatment:setting up a fair system of poverty alleviation and the grant;laying down the laws of psychological health education;having a better understanding of university spirit education;and rectifying personality education.


paintings to shaped canvases to reliefpaintings that sometimes project as much as Figure 21: Frank Stella: St. Michael's Counterguard, 1984, mixed media on aluminum and fiberglass honeycomb, 156 x p' nff rt.*. wall c,,r.t. oc cv 135 x 108. The AMICO Library: IACM.Ms84.150. 12 f ** WaU> SUh &S St Michael 's Counterguard, 1984 (Fig. 21). His more recent work combines industrial detritus with paint to produce huge and extremely complex pieces. Jessica Stockholder, whose huge installations combine a profusion of disparate everyday objects, the architecture of the site and paint, speaks of the transition from her beginnings as a painter to the practice of installation sculpture: "It was not as though I


[In monogamous species of birds sperm competition may result from either extra-pair copulations or mate switching. Copulation behaviour in individuals involved in extra-pair activity is well documented while little attention has been paid to mate switching. The aim of this study was to examine copulation behaviour in the Adelie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae), a species in which females copulate sequentially with more than one male. 14.9% of females switched mates during the pre-laying period; all of these females engaged in successful copulations with both initial and final males. An estimated 9.8% of females engaged in successful EPCs over the same time period. Females that switched mates had on average 8 successful copulations with their initial partner while females that engaged in extra-pair copulation attempts had on average only 0.5 successful copulations with their extra-pair partner. These same females had on average 17 pair copulations per clutch. So in both cases females had significantly more copulations with their final, pair male than their initial partner or extra-pair partner. Frequencies of copulation that are higher than necessary for fertilisation are consistent with mechanisms of both last male sperm precedence and proportional representation. However there is no support for last male sperm precedence from either diurnal or seasonal patterns of copulation relative to fertilisation. It appears that a high frequency of copulation may have evolved in pair males to protect paternity against initial males in this species., In monogamous species of birds sperm competition may result from either extra-pair copulations or mate switching. Copulation behaviour in individuals involved in extra-pair activity is well documented while little attention has been paid to mate switching. The aim of this study was to examine copulation behaviour in the Adelie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae), a species in which females copulate sequentially with more than one male. 14.9% of females switched mates during the pre-laying period; all of these females engaged in successful copulations with both initial and final males. An estimated 9.8% of females engaged in successful EPCs over the same time period. Females that switched mates had on average 8 successful copulations with their initial partner while females that engaged in extra-pair copulation attempts had on average only 0.5 successful copulations with their extra-pair partner. These same females had on average 17 pair copulations per clutch. So in both cases females had significantly more copulations with their final, pair male than their initial partner or extra-pair partner. Frequencies of copulation that are higher than necessary for fertilisation are consistent with mechanisms of both last male sperm precedence and proportional representation. However there is no support for last male sperm precedence from either diurnal or seasonal patterns of copulation relative to fertilisation. It appears that a high frequency of copulation may have evolved in pair males to protect paternity against initial males in this species.]


An automated search for star clusters close to the Galactic plane (jbj < 5 o ) was carried out on the Point Source Catalogue of the DENIS survey. 44% of the Galactic plane have been observed and calibrated. The method allowed to retrieve 22 known star clusters and to identify two new ones, not published yet although previously presented in the 2MASS web site as embedded clusters in HII regions. Extinction in the eld and in front of the clusters are estimated using a model of population synthesis. We present the method and give the properties of these clusters.


By-Findlay, E. Weldon An Identification of Critical Behavior and Related Major Concepts Relevant to the Training of Professional Leaders in Extension Education. Pub Date Feb 69 Note-21p.; Paper presented at the National Seminar on Adult Education Research (Toronto, February 9-1Z, 1969) EORS Price MF4025 HC41.15 Descriptors-Behavior Patterns, Critical Incidents Method, *Curriculum Planning, *Extension Agents. *Job Analysis. *Models, Performance Factors. *Professional Training, Research, Rural Extension, Self Evaluation. Taxonomy"


We present new constraints on the two Higgs doublet model (THDM) and the leptoquark model parameters using the leptonic and semileptonic decays of the D meson. Our global analysis includes: the leptonic decay of the D s meson, the semileptonic decays of the D 0 and ${D}^{+}$ mesons and we have included the spectral distribution of the ${D}^{0}\to {K}^{-}{e}^{+}{\nu }_{e}$ and ${D}^{+}\to {K}^{0}{e}^{+}{\nu }_{e}$ measured by CLEO. We show that D meson decays effectively constrain several variations of the THDM, namely: Type I, Type II, Lepton Specific (LS), Flipped and the aligned model with a Z 2 symmetry while complementing second generation constraints for leptoquark models.


Abstract The questions of whether the news media are biased, and if so, in what direction, typically generate more heat than light. Here, we review some of the most recent and meritorious empirical studies on media bias. This evidence suggests that several prominent national news outlets have a distinct slant to the left or right, and that exposure to these sources influences both public opinion and voting behavior.


The authors have developed a technique of sampling and analysis of capillary blood which they describe here. Applied to 34 patients, it gives excellent correlations, both for PO2-PCO2 and pH. The advantages of capillary methods and their disadvantages are discussed.


I argue in this paper that it is not a settled issue in Canadian law that copyright exceptions provided in the Canadian Copyright Act can be trumped by contractual agreement, and that a strong argument can be made that they cannot. I first frame the issue by discussing the increasing use of digital rather than print materials in academic libraries, and the potential conflict between subscription agreements and the Copyright Act. I then address three approaches (jurisdictional, purposive, and statutory right) that can be taken to determine whether contractual terms are preempted by statutory provisions, and conclude that, in Canada, copyright exceptions are statutory rights that cannot be removed by contract. Finally, I briefly discuss technological protection measures and argue that their recent inclusion in the Copyright Act does not necessarily indicate legislative support for private ordering.


. 10 Organic nitrates (RONO 2 ) are secondary compounds whose fate is closely related to the transport and removal of NO x in the atmosphere. Despite their ubiquitous presence in submicron aerosols, the photochemistry of RONO 2 has only been investigated in the gas phase, leaving their reactivity in condensed phases poorly explored. This work aims to address this gap by investigating, for the first time, the reaction products, and the mechanisms of aqueous-phase photolysis of four RONO 2 (i.e., isopropyl nitrate, isobutyl nitrate, α-nitrooxyacetone, and 1-nitrooxy-2-propanol). The results show that the 15 reactivity of RONO 2 in the aqueous phase differs significantly from that in the gas phase. In contrast to the gas phase, where RONO 2 releases NO x upon photolysis, the aqueous phase photolysis of RONO 2 leads primarily to the direct formation of HONO, which was confirmed by quantum chemistry calculations. Hence, the aqueous-phase photolysis of RONO 2 represents both a NO x sink and a source of atmospheric HONO, a significant precursor of ∙OH and ∙NO. These secondary radicals (·OH and ·NO) are efficiently trapped in the aqueous phase, leading to the formation of HNO 3 and functionalized 20 RONO 2 . This reactivity can thus potentially contribute to the aging of Secondary Organic Aerosol (SOA) and serve as an additional source of aqueous-phase SOA.


Allergy against house dust and house dust mite was examined by RAST, skin and provocation test, with not identical allergen extracts. 50 patients with allergic rhinitis showed insufficient RAST results with house dust, better results for house dust mite. 65 patients with allergic asthma bronchiale presented satisfying results with house dust, good results with house dust mite. Recommendations are given for the application of RAST in the diagnosis of allergy.


This paper re-analyzes the falling body problem in three dimensions, taking into account the effect of the Earth's rotation (ER). Accordingly, the analytic solution of the three-dimensional model is obtained. Since the ER is quite slow, the three coupled differential equations of motion are usually approximated by neglecting all high order terms. Furthermore, the theoretical aspects describing the nature of the falling point in the rotating frame and the original inertial frame are proved. The theoretical and numerical results are illustrated and discussed.


This paper analyzes 300-mm manufacturing inefficiencies that need to be addressed to improve productivity in the next-generation factory, classifies them into seven general themes, quantifies their business impacts, and identifies specific improvements needed for each as the basis for collaboration between integrated device manufacturers and equipment vendors to address the issues.


Readers are invited to review the book "The Aksakovs: a bibliographic index of literature on the noble family of the Aksakovs and their entourage for 1819–2022." This is the first complete and universal bibliographic index dedicated to the great Russian family and containing 5322 bibliographic records about lifetime, pre-revolutionary, Soviet, post-Soviet publications in Russian, Bashkir, Tatar and foreign languages, including archival documents. The Index systematizes extensive material, divided into fourteen sections. The review notes the significant biobibliographic and historiographical value of the Index.


STUDY OBJECTIVES
To determine the risk factors and frequency of intracranial hemorrhage among patients undergoing thrombolysis for pulmonary embolism.

DESIGN
A retrospective descriptive and controlled analysis.

SETTING
Hospitalized patients at centers in the United States, Canada, and Italy.

PATIENTS
All had evidence of pulmonary embolism on perfusion scans or angiography.

INTERVENTIONS
None.

MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS
Data were analyzed on 312 patients from five previously reported studies of pulmonary embolism thrombolysis. The frequency of intracranial hemorrhage up to 14 days after pulmonary embolism thrombolysis was 6 of 312 or 1.9% (95% confidence interval, 0.7 to 4.1%). Two of six intracranial hemorrhages were fatal. Two of the six patients received thrombolysis in violation of the protocol because they had pre-existing, known intracranial disease. Average diastolic BP at the time of hospital admission was significantly elevated in patients who developed an intracranial hemorrhage (90.3 +/- 15.1 mm Hg) compared with those who did not (77.6 +/- 10.9 mm Hg; p = 0.04). Other baseline characteristics and laboratory data were similar in both groups. Decreased level of consciousness, hemiparesis, and visual field deficits were the most common clinical signs of intracranial hemorrhage.

CONCLUSIONS
Intracranial hemorrhage after pulmonary embolism thrombolysis is an infrequent but often grave complication. Meticulous patient screening before administering thrombolysis is imperative. Diastolic hypertension at the time of hospital admission is a risk factor for intracranial hemorrhage after pulmonary embolism thrombolysis.


This paper presents a review of the theoretical work that has resulted in a scientific proposal on studies of High‐Energy‐Density (HED) states in matter using intense beams of energetic heavy ions that will be available at the future Facility for Antiprotons and Ion Research (FAIR) at Darmstadt [W.F. Henning, Nucl. Inst. Meth B 24 (2003) 725‐729]. The proposal is named HEDgeHOB that stands for High Energy Density Matter Generated by Heavy Ion Beams. Two experimental schemes have been worked out for the HEDgeHOB experimental proposal, namely, HIHEX and LAPLAS. The first scheme allows for studies of HED states by isochoric and uniform heating of matter by an intense heavy ion beam that is followed by isentropic expansion of the heated material. Numerical simulations have shown that using the beam parameters that will be available at the FAIR, one can access all the interesting physical states of HED matter including an expanded hot liquid state, twophase liquid‐gas region, critical point parameters and strongly coupled plasmas for all the materials of interest. The second scheme involves a low‐entropy compression of a test material like hydrogen that is enclosed in a cylindrical shell of a high‐Z material like gold or lead. The target can be driven by a hollow or a circular beam. This compression scheme relies on multiple shock reflection between the hydrogen‐gold (lead) boundary and the cylinder axis. The hydrodynamic stability of the LAPLAS target has also been analyzed that shows that the implosion is completely stable to Rayleigh‐Taylor and Richtmyer‐Meshkov instabilities. LAPLAS implosion using a hollow beam is suitable for studying the problem of hydrogen metallization whereas the one employing a circular focal spot leads to physical conditions that are expected to exist in the interiors of the giant planets. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


Nano-TiN particles were prepared by using the hydrogen plasma-metal reaction method in a mixture of H 2 and N 2, using titanium metal as starting material. The structure of nano-TiN particles were characterized by X-ray diffraction system (XRD). The morphology and mean particle size were determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The element content was studied by Energy X-ray microanalysis system (EDS). The thermal stability of nano-TiN particles was investigated by thermal analysis system (TG-DSC). It is showed that nano-TiN particles can be produced by hydrogen plasma-metal reaction method. The particles have uniform diameters, cubic shape, high purity, good dispersibility and high thermal stability.


Surveys the varying interpretations of Scottish Great War Literature put forward by scholars and suggests the critical reception of Scottish World War I literature has, at times, been too focused on generalisations of the effects of World War I on Scottish writing. The Introduction situates the collection within wider trends in World War I literary scholarship and provides a summary of Scotland's historical role in the war – on the home and military fronts.


In this paper, the author develops a stochastic general equilibrium model of the world economy. It differs from previous multicountry models in the introduction of the government sector. The author assumes that countries produce a nonspecialized traded good and that households derive utility from the consumption of private and public goods and services. This simple modification has a potential explanation for the low cross-country correlations in private consumption and output and the countercyclical trade balances that are observed empirically.


As Nordic countries have an ambition to be sustainability leaders, enabling sustainable consumption and lifestyles with efficient policies is an important part of reaching this goal. Research demon ...


Preface Introduction 1. Structuring the state 2. Constituting the state (l947-1958) 3. Confining courts and constitutions (l958-1969) 4. Seeking justice (l969-1972) 5. Testing courts and constitutionalism (l972-1977) 6. Silencing courts, muting justice (l977-1988) 7. Reviving judicial powers (l988-1993) 8. Judging the state Table of cases Bibliography Index.


1 Supplementary Methods 2 Supplementary References 10 Supplementary Table 1 Detection of phage proteins during infection and virion 12 Supplementary Table 2 Bioinformatic and Experimental Promoter analyses 13 Supplementary Table 3 Upregulated host genes 15 Supplementary Table 4 Expression of hli gene family 17 Supplementary Table 5 Comparison of array normalization methods to RT-PCR 18 Supplementary Table 6 Previously unannotated phage proteins 19 Supplementary Table 7 Primers used for RT-PCR verification of array results 20 Supplementary Table 8 Primers used for promoter analyses 21 Supplementary Figure 1 Cluster analysis of phage gene expression profiles 23 Supplementary Figure 2 Significance of coexpression of 'bacterial-like' genes 25 Supplementary Figure 3 Promoter analysis results 27 Supplementary Figure 4 Upregulated host gene cluster stability analysis 28 Supplementary Figure 5 Comparison of phage quantification methods 29 Supplementary Figure 6 RT-PCR verification of microarray results – phage genes 30 Supplementary Figure 7 RT-PCR verification of microarray results – host genes 31 Supplementary Figure 8 Comparison of array normalization methods to RT-PCR 32 Supplementary Figure 9 Comparison of significance of array normalization methods to RT-PCR 33 Supplementary Figure 10 Signal intensities distribution after RMA normalization 34 SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION


Abstract: Postal network is the most developed and complex logistical infrastructure in the world. The complexity is determined by the number of participants, which either require or perform postal services and by manipulating with a large number of postal items handling billions of them on daily basis globally. A basic request is that the shipment is transferred safely and on time to the recipient. A mass production, many sorting points in the supply chain and variety and stochasticity of delivery addresses are aggravating circumstances for this goal fulfillment. Accordingly, postal operators need the most advanced technological systems for sorting and processing. This paper proposes the concept of addressing based on the three levels of postal units and the software application created for the routing of postal items in the system of this kind.


Food, water, health, housing, and education are as fundamental to human freedom and dignity as privacy, religion, or speech. Yet only recently have legal systems begun to secure these fundamental individual interests as rights. This book looks at the dynamic processes that render economic and social rights in legal form. It argues that processes of interpretation, enforcement, and contestation each reveal how economic and social interests can be protected as human and constitutional rights, and how their protection changes public law. Drawing on constitutional examples from South Africa, Colombia, Ghana, India, the United Kingdom, the United States and elsewhere, the book examines innovations in the design and role of institutions such as courts, legislatures, executives, and agencies in the organization of social movements and in the links established with market actors. This comparative study shows how legal systems protect economic and social rights by shifting the focus from minimum bundles of commodities or entitlements to processes of value-based, deliberative problem solving. Theories of constitutionalism and governance inform the potential of this approach to reconcile economic and social rights with both democratic and market principles, while addressing the material inequality, poverty and social conflict caused, in part, by law itself. The book: •Develops an original, analytic model for understanding the rapid legal expansion of socio-economic rights, and their impact on public law and constitutional theory; •Contains comparative examples from such constitutions as South Africa, Canada, Colombia, Germany, Ghana, India, United Kingdom, and the United States, as well as international systems, enriching the comparative law literature; •Draws on judicial, legislative, and executive interactions, as well as civil society and market participants, in a sophisticated legal methodology, overcoming the limitations of traditional court-focused studies.