Supervision is considered to be a determining factor in the quality of service to clients, the job satisfaction of social workers, and the level of professional development they achieve. How supervisors use their authority affects their relationships with subordinates, which in turn influences service outcomes. This case study reveals the micro-process of the interplay of power in the supervisor–supervisee dyad, the influence of cultural factors on attitudes toward hierarchical relationships, and subordination to authority in the supervisory dyad. Respondents who considered supervision to be counterproductive or disempowering employed tactics to hide their negative attitude, and concealed important cases and project materials, which hindered the disclosure of mistakes. Redistributing power in the current hierarchical supervisor–supervisee relationship could lead to fewer instances of game playing in the supervisory dyad and facilitate disclosure, which is important in ethical practice.


A numerical method for calculating plane flows ofa rarefied gas at low Knudsen numbers based on model kinetic equations is presented. The method is used to calculate two-dimensional gas flows in a plane channel. The conditions on surfaces which bpund the flow domain are considered. In order to use the establishment method to solve the steady problem, two ways of changing from one spatially-uniform step to the next without destroying the conservativeness of the numerical scheme are proposed. By introducing regions of small and large steps in physical space it is possible to construct a steady solution of the problem of the motion of a gas in a long channel.


Objective: To assess whether male circumcision (MC) of the primary sex partner is associated with women's risk of HIV acquisition. Design: Data were analyzed from 4,417 Ugandan and Zimbabwean women who participated in a prospective cohort study of hormonal contraception and HIV acquisition. Most participants were recruited from family planning clinics, although some in Uganda were referred from higher-risk settings such as sexually transmitted disease clinics. Methods: Using Cox proportional hazards models, time to HIV infection was compared for women with circumcised vs. uncircumcised primary partners. Possible misclassification of MC was assessed using sensitivity analyses. Results: Most women (73.8%) reported an uncircumcised primary partner at baseline, whereas 22.5% had circumcised partners and 3.8% had partners with unknown circumcision status. During follow-up, 210 women acquired HIV (167, 34, and 9 women whose primary partners were uncircumcised, circumcised, or of


Relevance. In the practice of a dentist, there are clinical situations when the chronic apical periodontitis, due to the ineffectiveness of the endodontic treatment, ends with a root apex resection, while the destruction of bone tissue in the periapical tissues remains. This paper presents cases of effective endodontic re-treatment of such teeth using biomaterials. The diagnostic value of the X-ray method was noted with an assessment of the density of the periapical tissue destruction focus using the densitometry method.
The aim of the study is to determine the effectiveness of endodontic treatment of chronic apical periodontitis using biomaterials after root apex resection.
Material and methods. The study included 42 patients aged 25–35 years with chronic apical periodontitis with root apex resection. All patients underwent clinical examination methods and an X-ray method with an assessment of the density of the periapical tissue destruction focus by densitometry.
Results and discussion. The proposed method of endodontic re-treatment included temporary obturation of the root canal system with Bioimplant with Collapan gel in a 1:1 ratio, for a period of 15 to 30 days, followed by permanent filling of the root canal system according to the generally accepted technique. After 6 months, the optical density of the periapical tissues in 27 patients was within the normal range. In 15 patients, these indicators were 82% of the norm. After 12 months, the optical density was within the normal range in 90% of cases, in 10% – the optical density parameters approached normal values and amounted to 115.0-125.0 arbitrary units.
Conclusions. When carrying out repeated endodontic treatment, it is recommended to temporarily obturate the root canal system using the Bioimplant biomaterial with Collapan gel, which will increase not only the density of periapical tissues to normal values, but also preserve the function of the tooth, which is important for practical health care.


Small businesses account for a majority of U.S. jobs and play a vital role in the economy. However, the survival rate for small businesses is disconcerting. Only half of the small businesses will survive five years or more and one-third ten or more years. Fast food restaurants are part of the food and drinking industry. It is the second largest industry in the United States and the most vulnerable to business failure. Research has shown the capabilities of small business managers can play a significant role in the success or failure of a small business, but little research has been done on the use of E-learning in acquiring those capabilities. The purpose of this qualitative study was to investigate the perceptions of E-learning of management trainees. The research sample consisted of ten management trainees at a fast food franchise in Memphis, Tennessee. The findings suggest that prior experience had little to no influence on E-learning perception, hands-on or on-the-job training is the preferred method of learning, learner preparation and support were inconsistent, and some trainees had no idea and others only guessed why E-learning was being used. The overall assessment of the E-learning training was that participants found value in it, but many learner engagement improvements are needed. Based on the study findings, there needs to be a proactive effort by organizations and training staff to address the engagement and E-learning adoption issues when management trainee preferred learning style is hands-on learning. Acknowledgements I want to thank Jeremy Wolfe for his inspiration on how an acknowledgments section should be done. You have five minutes for this quiz. Plagiarism is frowned upon. There may be more than one answer per question. Go! 1) Dr. Dieffenderfer is first on the acknowledgment quiz because: a) she can eliminate seemingly overwhelming obstacles and make everything "Alright, Alright, Alright" with a simple phone call or email b) she makes time for her students, even when she has none to spare c) she is a credit to the department and university, and any student who does not have her on their committee is doing themselves a disservice d) she is a ninja 2) I want to thank the other outstanding members of my committee _________ for their help, guidance, and most importantly, friendship throughout this entire process. a) Dr. Jules Beck b) Dr. Kenda Grover c) John Daly d) Ryan Mallett 3) I want to thank _______ for their occasional support, nagging, and groans at the idea of having to say Dr. before my name. a) Gwen Longo b) Lilly Longo c) Abel Smith d) Allison Longo e) Pam and Jay Gay and Ken and Pam Longo (Dad likes the name Pam), collectively "the parents" f) Don and Ellyn (with a Y) Wounsch 4) Thanks to _______ for always being a great friend, cheerleader, sounding board, and proofreader to many exciting papers. a) Poppy Seelbinder b) Ike Seelbinder c) Puffin the Puppy


The COBE Far Infrared Absolute Spectrophotometer (FIRAS) observations constitute an unbiased survey over the wavelength range from 100 μm to 1 cm over 99% of the sky. Improved calibration of the FIRAS instrument and the inclusion of all of the FIRAS data allow an improved signal-to-noise ratio determination of the spectral lines by a factor of ~2 over our previous results. The resolution is low (0.45 cm-1), so only the strongest lines are observable. The CO chain from J = 1-0 to J = 8-7 is observed toward the Galactic center. The line ratios are roughly consistent with a 40 K excitation temperature. The 157.7 μm C II and 205.3 μm N II lines are observable over most of the sky. The 370.4 and 609.1 μm lines of C I and the 121.9 μm line of N II are observed in the Galactic plane. The line ratios at the Galactic center are consistent with a density of n0 ~ 30 cm-3 and a UV flux of G0 ≈ 15 μW m-2 sr-1 (10 Habing units). The 269 μm H2O line is observed toward the Galactic center in absorption.


Chinese address geocoding is a difficult problem to deal with due to intrinsic complexities in Chinese address systems and a lack of standards in address assignments and usages. In order to improve existing address geocoding algorithm, a spatial knowledge-based agent prototype aimed at validating address geocoding results is built to determine the spatial accuracies as well as matching confidence. A portion of human's knowledge of judging the spatial closeness of two addresses is represented via first order logic and the corresponding algorithms are implemented with the Prolog language. Preliminary tests conducted using addresses matching result in Beijing area showed that the prototype can successfully assess the spatial closeness between the matching address and the query address with 97% accuracy.


To determine its efficacy, surgery (anteromedial tibial tubercle transfer by flat osteotomy, elevation with a local bone graft, and lateral release) for the correction of patellar subluxation and tilt was performed on 27 knees of 21 patients. Evaluation of the surgical results occurred over a 50-month period (range, 24-72 months). All patients received a preoperative CT scan (12 also received a postoperative CT scan) and a preoperative arthroscopic evaluation in which chondromalacia of the patella was tracked and graded according to Insall criteria. The tibial tuberosity osteotomy site and bone graft were fixed with one cortical screw in 25 knees and with 2 screws in 2 knees, and all knees healed well without nonunion. Congruence and tile angles were improved from an average of +36 degrees (25 to 44)and 3degrees (0 to 6) preoperatively, respectively, to-13 degrees (3to -30) and 12 degrees (8 to 15) postoperatively. Kujala functional score of patellofemoral joint was improved from 55 preoperatively to 87 postoperatively (P<0.05). Second-look arthroscopy in 12 patients (1 year postoperatively) showed no obvious progression of chondromalacia. Pain was much alleviated from a mean score of 7.8 preoperatively to 2.3 postoperatively (P<0.05). The average of tibial tubercle medaialization was 10.5mm and elevation was 10 mm. We conclude that the functional result of this treatment for patellar sublux-ation and tilt was good or excellent, markedly reduced anterior knee pain, and much improved patellofemoral alignment.


Objective:To investigate the change of AMI within 20 years.Methods:Clinic data of 45 AMI patients from 1993-1994,85 AMI patients from 2003-2004 were comparably analyzed.Results:In hospital mortality of AMI was 15.2% from 1993 to 1994,8.5% from 2003 to 2004 P0.01.Conclusions:Improvement of medical conduced insignificant decreases of hospital mortality.


This paper presents an adaptive load balancing algorithm (ALBL) for cluster-based web systems. The balancing policy is based on two criteria: HTTP process time and network delay. The former describes web server ability to process a forthcoming request, while the latter tries to estimate network conditions. Periodic criteria calculations are performed by agents at the web switch and the weight estimation process is transparent to web servers enhancing therefore distributed system's scalability. We put to test our implementation against known blind selection balancing algorithms used at web-farms such as: Round Robin, stateful ones such as Least Connections and adaptive ones such as Least Load. We also put to test performance and scalability of previous algorithms. From our testbed scenario results we show that ALBL algorithm outperforms stateless and stateful algorithms and also presents significant performance gains towards adaptive algorithms. We also show that our algorithm scales well as the number of balancing servers and web cluster's requests rate increases. We also pinpoint ALBL algorithm ability to predict network conditions and web servers load without the use of feedback information obtained by web servers but frequent service and network probes towards web servers issued by the web switch.


SUMMARY

Allogeneic transfusion was traditionally considered an effective therapeutic intervention, but the fear of contracting blood-borne infectious diseases has led to allogeneic blood transfusion now being regarded as an outcome to be avoided. Although the current blood supply is safer than ever owing to improved donor screening and testing1,2, allogeneic blood transfusion still carriesthe risks of causing immunological modifications3–6, and it is always possible that disease transmission will occur7–9. In addition, allogeneic blood transfusion should be avoided or at least limited in view of the increasing demand for blood productsdue to an aging population with a greater use of invasive procedures and major surgery (orthopedic. cardiovascular and cancer surgery) with high transfusion requirements.

Moreover, the introduction of stricter criteria for blood donor selection hasfurther decreased the availability of donor blood for transfusion and has increased the cost of procurement, storage and administration leading to the adoption of strategies to save this precious, limited and perishable resource.

The first strategies proposed were the strict observance of the M aximum Surgical Blood Order Schedule (M SBOS) for blood ordering in order to avoid wasting blood units10 and a reassessment of the indication for blood transfusion11. In addition, the use of donor blood in surgery can be substantially reduced by the introduction of autologousblood (AB) transfusion programs.


The village sports are part of the village culture.Both of them are interdependent and can limit and promote each other.The study of their mechanism is significant for the development of rural sports and village sports as well as constructing new socialist countryside.


The invention concerns the cloning of the VE-cadherin promoter. It also concerns the transformed cells and the transgenic animals containing said promoter. This promoter is particularly useful for the tissue-specific expression of a gene of interest in the vascular endothelium.


The design of optimal fault‐tolerant control with actuator and sensor faults is investigated. The system dynamics and faults are considered as a class of unknown nonlinear discrete‐time systems when the data‐driven equivalent model is formulated by a multi‐input fuzzy rule emulated network (MiFREN). The multi‐gradient learning law is developed with the proposed fault‐detection algorithm to enchant the performance of MiFREN. By employing only pieces of information from the equivalent model, the proposed controller is designed and the closed‐loop performance is analyzed through the rigorous theorem. Simulation systems and comparison results are provided to validate the performance of the proposed scheme.


Abstract : The goal of this thesis is to explain the numerous, complex reasons for the deterioration of the US international maritime industry. The impact upon our national defense is also examined in detail. Those forces contributing to its decline are analyzed--federal regulatory processes, domestic political considerations and forces at work in the international marketplace. It becomes evident why American shipping companies operate at a competitive disadvantage to their foreign counterparts. The importance of the US merchant marine to our defense efforts is underscored, particularly in light of a Soviet maritime buildup. Anticipated shortfalls in strategic sealift resources are examined for both a one theater war and global conflict. Also considered are potential problems of crew availability and the adequacy of the National Defense Reserve Fleet, Ready Reserve Force and Effective US Control Fleet. Because no long-term plan for eradicating the root causes of our merchant marine troubles has been adopted by the nation, it is likely the US international maritime industry will continue to flounder in the future. Keywords: Logistics, Logistics planning, Marine transportation, Maritime defense, Naval logistics, Sustainability, Theses.


The mission of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (CDC's Injury Center) is "to prevent injuries and violence through science and action." In this context, science and action are not separate and discrete components of the Injury Center's activity but integrated elements of the Injury Center's work. Recognizing that integration of science and action is a vital prerequisite to it accomplishing its mission, the Injury Center established a division with the express mandate to develop the methods and practices that support a unified approach to injury prevention. The Division of Analysis, Research and Practice Integration (DARPI) was established in 2013; over the subsequent 4 years, we have worked with our partners to develop the concepts and methods of an integrated approach. The effectiveness of this approach is already being demonstrated in a range of projects, programs, and population-level change activities across the Injury Center and our various partner organizations, many of which are described in this issue of the Journal of Public Health Management & Practice. In this issue, the concepts, methods, and practices of this integrated approach are described, and case study illustrations are provided demonstrating how the Injury Center works with partners to support progress toward a society safe and free from injury and violence. We believe the model presented in this special issue, as described in Smith and Wilkins, has substantial implications for the injury prevention community and could be considered for widespread uptake by public health departments


Road safety is a very important problem undertaken by various actors of both an international and local level. An important role in this area play non-governmental organizations, whose activities result from social motives. The body of the article summarizes and presents the international non-governmental organizations of different scope and nature of the action and shows the extent of their efforts to road safety. Studies show that many new organizations start their activities in the field of safety and security. As regards to the transport issues very often it is road safety because almost everyone is a road user: a pedestrian, a cyclist, a bike rider, a car driver or a passenger of any vehicle. Therefore road safety concerns the vast majority of a society. Furthermore the non-governmental organizations are matched very closely to the actual needs in the field of road safety due to their scale and specialization and can respond to the social expectations faster than local, regional or national administration. As a result the non-governmental organizations play a significant role in the design and implementation of programmes to improve road safety.


The influence of loading speed on metal flow rule during extrusion forming of crawler board was simulated by finite element software.Through analysing extrusion pressure-stroke curves for the top die and distortion uniformity-speed diagram under different extrusion speed,as well as extrusion pressure-stroke curves for the scoliosis die,when longitudinal extrusion speed was 10 mm/s,the best extrusion speed was obtained.The metal flow rule of extrusion forming is expounded by velocity vector chart.


In the research, an attempt is made to identify some of the features and trends in the application of network analysis in Russian historiography in relation to both research problems and types of sources. It is shown that in recent years there has been an increase in interest in working with large-scale thematic textual collections of data, which implies the use of a set of methods and technologies, including the creation of tabular and full-text databases, content analysis, network analysis and visualization of data and results.


Introduction "If a modern Diogenes were to hunt out for Indians with his lantern in these days, he would be sure to come across fervid Hindus, bigoted Muslims and fanatical souls deeply engrossed with the problem of tirelessly finding out how unjustly their own particular community was being treated, and he would have to ask in sorrow: 'Where are the Indians?' " When India gained independence in 1947, it consisted of 550 independent states with 350 million people who spoke more than two-dozen different languages and who had a myriad of religious affiliations. Due to this exceptional diversity many observers doubted India's ability to survive as one political nation state. The odds against establishing a stable political state were further compounded by the ravage massacre of the partition that killed a million people, displaced another 13 million people and resulted in economic losses of billions of rupees. It seemed that an attempt at an Indian union would fail and that the subcontinent would disintegrate into many states. However, when it comes to political unity, Indian democracy has not only survived, but it has flourished. India has managed to consistently conduct fair elections of gigantic proportions. At present India is in the middle of conducting the largest democratic exercise in history, where 815 million people are eligible to vote, a number 1 Guha, Ramchandra. "The Good Indian." The Hindu 15 Feb. 2009: n. pag. Print. 5 bigger than the entire population of Europe. India has also had very limited issues with the transfer of power between leaders. This is especially commendable considering how many countries formed in the post colonial period have consistently had issues with military coups and the establishment of functioning democracies. A prime example of this is India's volatile neighbor, Pakistan that was carved out of the former British India at the same time as India. Pakistan has been under military rule for 32 years of its 67 years of independence, facing constant tensions between the military and the civil government. While in India a culture of democracy has flourished, in Pakistan democracy has remained stillborn. Furthermore even the threats that Indian democracy has faced, especially during the time of Emergency in the 1970s, have been decisively defeated by the Indian voter. By ensuring the freedom of press, granting basic civil liberties and establishing institutions that check power, Indian has sustained a democracy that maintains its political unity …


In accordance with shrinking of device sizes and the low-power design of VLSI circuits, power supply noises such as IR-drop affects the operation of SRAM memory cells. Error occurrences in SRAM have already been reported, and several countermeasures have been proposed. It is likely that further device shrinking and lower-power design will cause errors similar to those in SRAM for FF circuits, and countermeasures will be needed. In this paper, we analyze the effect of power supply noises on FF circuits and investigate the cause of error occurrences. On the basis of the analysis results, we propose countermeasures for FF malfunctions caused by power supply noise.


The aim of the present work is to study the Oligocene Scaphopoda and Archaeogastropoda of the Tertiary Piedmont Basin (T.P.B.), aiming towards an overall revision of the Oligocene mollusc fauna of this Basin. Five taxa of Scaphopoda and twenty-eight taxa of Archaeogastropoda have been analysed; among these a new species of Nerita (Theliostyla) is proposed.


In order to simulate the heat destruction,the process of cavity generation induced by laser irradiating was studied.The material's state transformation with heating time was equivalent to the change of power density distribution with time in the infinite medium,and the analytical solution of thermal diffusion equation of the infinite medium with constant thermal physical properties was adopted as theoretical tool.The approximate mathematical expressions of laser drilling were formulated,and correspondent software is programmed to simulate drilling process.The simulation showed that the designed software can simulate a logical process of the cavity formation.If the computation parameters are changed,the holes with different shapes will be obtained.The investigation provides a fast and efficient means to estimate the heat destruction of the laser weapon.


Basal dendrites of neocortical pyramidal neurons are relatively short and directly attached to the cell body. This allows electrical signals arising in basal dendrites to strongly influence the neuronal output. Likewise, somatic action potentials (APs) should readily propagate back into the basilar dendritic tree to influence synaptic plasticity. Two recent studies, however, determined that sodium APs are severely attenuated in basal dendrites of cortical pyramidal cells, so that they completely fail in distal dendritic segments. Here we used the latest improvements in the voltage‐sensitive dye imaging technique ( Zhou et al., 2007 ) to study AP backpropagation in basal dendrites of layer 5 pyramidal neurons of the rat prefrontal cortex. With a signal‐to‐noise ratio of > 15 and minimal temporal averaging (only four sweeps) we were able to sample AP waveforms from the very last segments of individual dendritic branches (dendritic tips). We found that in short‐ (< 150 µm) and medium (150–200 µm in length)‐range basal dendrites APs backpropagated with modest changes in AP half‐width or AP rise‐time. The lack of substantial changes in AP shape and dynamics of rise is inconsistent with the AP‐failure model. The lack of substantial amplitude boosting of the third AP in the high‐frequency burst also suggests that in short‐ and medium‐range basal dendrites backpropagating APs were not severely attenuated. Our results show that the AP‐failure concept does not apply in all basal dendrites of the rat prefrontal cortex. The majority of synaptic contacts in the basilar dendritic tree actually received significant AP‐associated electrical and calcium transients.


We report small-angle scattering experiments with two different types of model proteins, lysozyme and the eye lens protein γB-crystallin. We discuss the results in the context of recent suggestions that globular proteins possess a short-ranged attractive potential, and that simple models from colloid science could help to rationalize the best route for obtaining protein crystals and to interpret their complex phase diagrams. The short-range attraction leads to an extremely interesting phase behaviour with a liquid–gas coexistence curve that is metastable with respect to the liquid–solid (crystal) boundary and the occurrence of an attractive glass. We demonstrate that for γB-crystallin, the scattering data are indeed in good agreement with predictions for an interaction potential consisting of short-ranged attraction and hard sphere repulsion, and we also provide evidence of a dynamically arrested glass or gel phase at high concentrations. We also report on a systematic study of the effect of a weak screened Coulomb repulsion in highly concentrated lysozyme solutions. We demonstrate that combining short-range attraction and long-range repulsion results in the formation of small equilibrium clusters, and we discuss the concentration and temperature dependence of the cluster size in view of its analogy to micelle formation.


OBJECTIVE
To determine the (reversible) antifertility effect in the male rat of sulfasalazine, a common therapy for inflammatory bowel disease.

METHODS
Sulfasalazine (120, 250 and 500 mg/kg) was administered for 60 days by oral gavage to sexually mature male rats.

RESULTS
Both motility of sperm and fertility of animals was significantly altered at the highest dose (500 mg/kg). Morphological abnormalities included alteration in the normal profile of the spermatozoa and presence of lesions on the sperm head.

CONCLUSIONS
Results suggest that sulfasalazine brings about its antifertility effects by altering sperm motility and number of spermatozoa in addition to increased surface abnormalities, which render the spermatozoa infertile.


We consider new channel assignment schemes with hysteresis mechanism, suitable to be used in cellular mobile networks. Two types of calls arrive to the base station of each cell. Stream 1 (of high priority) arrivals are those calls in progress that were originated in another cell and are handed over to our cell (handoff attempts). Stream 2, arrivals of low priority, are those calls originated in our cell (new calls). The priority is provided in order to reduce the forced termination probability of handoff calls. Three extensions of the guard channel scheme with hysteresis, some times identified as reserve margin algorithm with hysteresis, have been considered. The models consider finite and infinite queueing for handoff call and new calls attempts, respectively. The matrix analytic method used gives a matrix geometric solution for the waiting time distribution under First In First Out (FIFO) discipline, and a matrix exponential form for the waiting time distribution of both, the handoff attempts, that do not renege or abandon the finite queue, and the new call attempts. ∗This work has been supported by Spanish Ministry of Educacion y Cultura through the "Comision Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnoloǵia (CICYT)" under project TIC 980495-C02-02


There is provided a method of processing an image in a video device, the method comprising: reading an image, and by embedding the metadata with the or said image in said image, the method comprising combining the metadata and the image on said image It includes. The method comprising the steps of the method also includes converting the metadata embedded images and extract metadata from the image, the method comprising: encoding an image in the encoder; As an input and in further processing comprises a step of using the metadata.


Human JTB (hJTB) is a gene located on the human chromosome 1 at q21 which is involved in the unbalanced translocation in various types of cancer. It encodes a highly conserved transmembrane protein of 16.4 kDa. JTB protein is ubiquitously present in normal cells and is found to be overexpressed in different types of cancer including prostate and breast cancer. Hence this protein could be a tumor biomarker for different types of malignancies and a potential target for their treatment. However, the biological function and the pathway through which this protein causes increased cell growth and differentiation is not entirely clear. Investigation and comparison of the proteomes of cells with upregulated and downregulated JTB can be a good approach to understand the function of the protein and also its contribution to tumorigenesis.


Single phase polycrystalline sample La_(0.7)Pb_(0.3)MnO_3 is successfully fabricated by conventional solid state reaction.The crystal structure and magnetic properties are investigated.The result of the room temperature X-ray Powder diffraction is rhombohedral structure with space group R-3C,the curie temperature is 348 K.Near the curie temperature,the magnetic property shows a transition from ferromagnetic to paramagnetic.La_(0.7)Pb_(0.3)MnO_3 indicates a characteristic cluster glass from Zero-field cooled and field cooled magnetization curve,a reasonable explanation was provided to show the phenomena.The coercive force of the sample is only 40 Oe at the room temperature.


The results of an analytical and experimental study of the impact response of thin curved plates is presented. The geometrically nonlinear analysis method used in the study is described. The analysis is based on the Lagrangian equations of motion which are solved using the Rayleigh-Ritz method and assumed mode shapes. Generalized beam functions are used to represent different boundary conditions. The nonlinear terms in the analysis that contribute to the softening of the response are identified. The analytical results correlate well with the experimental results. The experimental results indicate that the radius of curvature and thickness of the curved plates are the primary parameters that influence the nonlinear response of an impacted curved plate. The magnitude of the maximum contact force associated with impact decreases and then increases as the plate radius of curvature increases for a given thickness and given impactor parameters. The impact-energy level required to initiate damage for a given thickness is a function of panel radius of curvature, and this impact-energy level generally increases as the panel radius of curvature decreases. The magnitude of the impact contact force is not always the primary cause of damage initiation. The combination of plate radius of curvature and thickness strongly influence the magnitude of the impact contact force, the damage modes, and the impact energy required for damage initiation.


Summary Books, photographs, maps and other paper-based documents are vulnerable to damage caused not only by high temperature, excess humidity or light, but also by activity of microbial contaminants. Libraries and archives have traditionally relied on the use of chemicals for both routine prevention and observed infestation. However, these chemicals often fail to prevent infestation, and their subsequent use cannot repair the damage. Apart from this, use of chemicals is currently less due to growing awareness of their dangerous health effects on personnel using them, the potential for damage to collections treasured in these


Sustainability looks to achieve best outcomes for human and natural environments both now and in the indefinite future. It relates to the continuity of economic, social, institutional and environmental as- pects of human society, as well as the non-human environment. This paper examines economic devel- opment as one aspect of sustainability with a focus on knowledge management as an economic devel- opment strategy. The predicate of the paper is that productive capability is no longer completely de- pendent on capital and equipment; information and knowledge assets are increasingly important. In this information economy, success comes from harnessing the information and knowledge of a com- munity especially as it relates to "indigenous knowledge"—that local, often tacit knowledge, which exists in every community, every region and every country. This knowledge is useful in identifying new entrepreneurial opportunities as well as for sustaining and advancing local businesses. The region examined in the paper is the underdeveloped Caribbean Islands.


Purpose
Health is one of the most basic human rights. The mental health of contemporary and future health services providers is of great significance. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the mental health of the faculty members and students of Kurdistan University of medical sciences

Design/methodology/approach
This was an analytical-descriptive and cross-sectional study, which was conducted using the Census method on 249 faculty members and proportionately by using random sampling on 347 students in 2019. Data were collected using the 28-item General Health Questionnaire. Data analysis was done via SPSS 24 software by using statistical tests such as T-test and one-way ANOVA.

Findings
The mean values (standard deviation) of the total score of mental health among students and faculty members were 27.43 (14.37) and 20.17 (11.37), respectively. In total, 57.2% of students and 31% of faculty members had symptoms of mental disorder. The highest mean score among faculty members and students was observed on the subscale of "social dysfunction." There was a significant relationship between the mental health of students and where they study and the mental health of faculty members and type of faculty member with the faculty in which they work (p < 0.05).

Originality/value
The prevalence of mental disorders' symptoms among faculty members and students of Kurdistan University of medical sciences was high, and it must be considered by policymakers and managers of the health system to plan appropriate interventions.


Abstract There has been increasing interest in identifying factors to predict subjective well-being in the emerging field of positive psychology over the past two decades. Dispositional hope, which reflects one's goal-directed tendencies, including both pathway thinking (planning to meet goals) and agency thinking (goal-directed determination), has emerged as a stable predictor for subjective well-being. However, the neurobiological substrates of dispositional hope and the brain-hope mechanism for predicting subjective well-being remain unclear. Here, we examined these issues in 231 high school graduates within the same grade by estimating cortical gray matter volume (GMV) utilizing a voxel-based morphometry method based on structural magnetic resonance imaging. Whole-brain regression analyses and prediction analyses showed that higher dispositional hope was stably associated with greater GMV in the left supplementary motor area (SMA). Furthermore, mediation analyses revealed that dispositional hope mediated the relation between left SMA volume and subjective well-being. Critically, our results were obtained after adjusting for age, sex, family socioeconomic status and total GMV. Altogether, our study presents novel evidence for the neuroanatomical basis of dispositional hope and suggests an underlying indirect effect of dispositional hope on the link between brain gray matter structure and subjective well-being.


BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The assessment of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) traditionally focuses on the hippocampal formation. These patients, however, may present structural abnormalities in other brain areas. Our purpose was to develop a method to measure the combined volume of the human piriform cortex and cortical amygdala (PCA) by using MR imaging and to investigate PCA atrophy. METHODS: The definition of anatomic landmarks on MR images was based on histologic analysis of 23 autopsy control subjects. Thirty-nine adults with chronic TLE and 23 age-matched control subjects were studied. All underwent high-spatial-resolution MR imaging at 1.5T, including a tilted T1-weighted 3D dataset. The PCA volumes were compared with the control values and further correlated with hippocampal, amygdale, and entorhinal cortex volumes. RESULTS: The normal volume was 530 (cid:1) 59 mm 3 (422–644) [mean (cid:1) 1 SD (range)] on the right and 512 (cid:1) 60 mm 3 (406–610) on the left PCA (no asymmetry, and no age or sex effect). The intraobserver and interobserver variability were 6% and 8%, respectively. In right TLE patients, the mean right PCA volume was 18% smaller than in control subjects ( P < .001) and 15% smaller than in left TLE ( P < .001). In left TLE, the mean left PCA volume was 16% smaller than in control subjects ( P < .001) and 19% smaller than in right TLE ( P < .001). Overall, 46% (18/39) of the patients had a greater than 20% volume reduction in the ipsilateral PCA. There was bilateral atrophy in 18% (7/39). Patients with hippocampal volumes of at least


This paper presents a model of an s, S inventory system in which there are two priority classes of customers. The model treats excess demands as lost sales and can accommodate an arbitrary deterministic lead time. After considering the associated Markov-chain model, an approximate, renewal-based model is derived. This approximation is used to develop a greedy heuristic which minimizes expected costs subject to a fill-rate service constraint. The paper concludes with the results of an extensive numerical test of both the accuracy of the approximation and the performance of the heuristic with respect to the true optimal solution. Results indicate good performance which deteriorates as the fill rate requirement and lead time increase.


s of the XIII IIM Myology Meeting October 13–16, 2016 Eur J Transl Myol 2017;27(1):4-32 This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License (CC BY-NC 4.0) which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,provided the original author(s) and source are credited.


More and more businesses are turning to mentorship and learnership initiatives to overcome the shortage of skills that HIV / Aids leaves in the workplace. Unfortunately, most of them now have to face the financial implications of not knowing how to implement such programmes successfully.


This study examines the perspective of Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) in textile industries in Gujarat state of India. The concept of occupational Health and Safety in developing countries is limited and diseases and accidents at work remain one of the most appalling tragedies of the modern industrial age therefore the incidence of occupational diseases and injuries is high. No sufficient data about OHS are available in India because the majority of accidents are not reported to the Labour Department. India also has poor occupational safety and health legislation and infrastructure. The health and safety measures prescribed in most of the laws have not kept pace with the rapidly changing the biggest enterprises with the largest employed rate in India. Keeping in view the present study has been undertaken. The sample was consisted of six randomly selected textile units from the of the Gujarat State, India. There are different hazards which faced by the workers in textile industry. These hazards are explained as;


China achieved major progress in low carbon development during the period of the Eleventh Five Year Plan(2006-2010).The increasing trend of energy intensity and carbon intensity of the economy as seen prior to 2005 was reversed to a sharp decreasing trend,leading to a 19% decrease of energy intensity and 21% decrease of carbon intensity in five years.The enhanced energy efficiency,mostly due to the improvement in power and manufacturing sector,is the major driver of the decrease of carbon intensity of the economy,and development of renewable energy,despite its impressive growth rate,played minor role because of its small share in the energy mix of the country.Building energy consumption and energy-related carbon emission per unit of area continued to grow at a lesser rate,which,combined with fast growth of total building volume,lead to fast growth in total energy consumption and carbon emission in the sector.Similar trend is observed in the transportation sector whose total energy use and carbon emission continued to grow fast despite slight improvement in energy efficiency.Agricultural energy use experienced a slight decrease and forestry made major contribution to sequestering carbon in the wood stock.Policy and institutional innovation helped build a solid system of rules for low carbon development.Improving cost effectiveness of the system remains a major challenge for the next five year plan period.


We consider an integral inclusion of Fredholm type and we obtain several existence results by using suitable xed point theorems.


Abstract A farmion path integral formalism is used for the study of one-dimensional (ID) gapless of Tomanaga-Luttinger (T-L) like electron gas models with interchain hopping. Scaling arguments and exact T-L1D results show that the one-particle crossover temperature TX is smaller than its free-electron gas value. Renormalized properties at TX and applications to (TMTSF)2X compounds are discussed.


PCR amplification of exon 1 and part of intron 1 of MSXl followed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed a polymorphic deletion. Sequencing revealed an l l bp deletion which begins 8 bp beyond the 3' end of exon 1 (927-937 in Hewitt et al. (1)). PCR amplification of the first half of exon 1 of MSXl followed by single strand conformation analysis (SSCA) showed an extra band in some individuals. Sequencing revealed a C to G change at position 539 of the sequence as characterised by Hewitt et al. (1). This sequence change destroyed a Bbu I site which had been confirmed by absence of digestion with Bbu I. This changes alanine to glycine, both of which are aliphatic (neutral in terms of pH) and have no charge. PCR amplification of the first half of exon 2 of MSXl followed by heteroduplex analysis (HA) demonstrated an altered pattern in some individuals.


This study investigated empathy of pre-service teachers specializing in primary-school education. It was conducted to determine the factors that affect the empathy levels of students by normal University. The research questions, developed in the countryside context, aimed to determine the roles of gender, normal university or non-normal university, academic education, parental rearing patterns and personality in the empathy levels of pre-teachers. The study group consisted of students (n=287), including 170 normal university students practicing teaching in a rural area. An independent t-test was used to determine whether the empathy of pre-service teachers varied by gender and others factors. The analyses found that the student's average empathy was high and their performance on the concern dimension of empathy varied by gender, normal university or non-normal university. The results also showed that the students' scores on the personal distress dimension of empathy varied by academic education and personality characteristics. There were no significant differences in other dimensions. Sci Insigt Edu Front 2018; 1(1):41-52. Doi: 10.15354/sief.18.ar019


In 1940, Chile had a population of slightly over 5 million, a crude birth rate of 36.4/1000, a death rate of 21.3/1000, and a natural increase of 1.5%. Between 1940-65, birth rates remained stable and high while the death rate declined steadily, so that the rate of natural increase gradually rose to 2.6%. After 1965, the birth rate declined faster than the death rate, and the natural increase rate slowly returned to its 1940 level--this due to lower fertility rather than high mortality. A slight increase in fertility rates followed a pronatalist campaign launched in 1978, but another slight decline began in 1982. The natural increase rate in 1985 was 1.6%. A private family planning organization was started in chile in the early 1960s to respond to the problem of illegal abortion. Studies had shown that 80% of Chilean women seeking abortion were married or in stable unions with 3 or more living children. In 1965, Chile's new family planning organization reached an agreement with the Ministry of Health whereby free family planning information and services would be offered in Ministry of Health facilities facilities to all women seeking them. The association also became a member of the International Planned Parenthood Federation, enabling it to receive external aid in the form of modern contraceptives and gynecological equipment. In its 21 years of existence, the family planning associated has maintained its agreement with the Ministry of Health and initiated others. Between 1960-84, with availability of family planning services, age specific fertility rates declined slightly for women aged 15-19 and very greatly for older women. In 1960 and 1984 respectively, age specific rates were 72.6 and 64.0 for women aged 15-19, 211.1 and 141.1 for women 20-24, 240.9 and 127.6 for those 25-05.5 and 90.8 for those 30-34, 141.4 and 45.0 for those 35-39, and 62.2 and 14.4 for those 40-44. The total fertility rate was 4.7 in 1960 and 2.4 in 1984. The family planning program has greatly reduced health risks from multiparity, but adolescent pregnancy continues to pose a threat for mothers and children, especially since over half of births to women under 20 are illegitimate. Chile's infant mortality rates were 192.8 1940, 120.3 in 1960, and 19.7 in 1985. Between 1960-85, the neonatal rate declined from 35.2 to 10.4. It is possible that decline in late infant mortality was relative to the declining proportion of unwanted births made possible by availability of family planning services. It has been estimated that 30% of the decline in infant mortality between 1972-82 was due to the decline in high order births made possible by family planning. Maternal mortality has declined due to better care during pregnancy and delivery, decline in illegal abortions, and decreased fertility among women over 35.


This project involved calculations of the melting temperatures of metallic particles of different shape, size, crystal structure and chemical composition. Such particles are now a frequent occurrence in the manufacture of carbon nanotubes. Pure iron particles were studied in the first instance, after which a second round of calculations was performed on a 10-wt% nickel-iron alloy. Both spherical and infinite cylindrical shaped particles were used, with varying radii. The properties were studied as a function of interfacial energy in the range 0.1 to 1.0 Jm. Results obtained from these calculations revealed that spherical particles had the lowest melting temperatures. Also, reducing the particle radius and maximising the interfacial energy, maximises temperature reduction. The results were similar for both iron and the nickel-iron alloy but the change in temperature was certainly less in the alloy. As far as composition was concerned, in iron the austenite crystals had lower melting temperatures than the ferrite crystals, yet in the alloy this trend was reversed. A statistical analysis of composition and melting temperature for a sample of 10-wt% nickel-iron alloy revealed that the statistical variation of particle composition only has a significant effect on melting temperature at extremely small radii.


``{bold HERON}``, which is the acronym for `` {bold He}lium: {bold Ro}ton detection of {bold N}eutrinos``, is a project whose principal goal is a next generation detector of solar neutrinos from the p-p and {sup 7}Be branches. It will utilize superfluid helium as the target material and employ event energy transport out of the target by phonon and roton processes unique to helium. Many of the challenges presented for dark matter detection are very similar to those for low energy solar neutrinos. We present new results from our feasibility studies for {bold HERON} which indicate an asymmetry in the roton emission distribution from stopping particles and the ability to detect simultaneously the ultraviolet fluorescence photons also emitted. These features are potentially valuable for solar neutrino detection and the question is explored as to whether or not the same helium technique could be valuable for WIMP dark matter detection.


Abstract:The competition between banks in the Oklahoma Panhandle opens a portal into what I call Wild West capitalism—no-holds-barred battles between frontier communities, waged most visibly on the front pages of local newspapers, to become centers of Great Plains commerce. In what was perceived as a zero-sum game, three banks—the First State Bank of Boise City, the First National Bank of Texhoma, and the Cimarron County Bank in Kenton—vied for dominance in the regional economy. The first two survived and thrived, while the third merged with a New Mexico bank to reflect the near disappearance of Kenton.


Valuing IT investments in hypercompetitive business environments remains an elusive task as traditional valuation tools fail to model inherent uncertainty. Real-options analysis presents a viable alternative to traditional valuation tools in planning and valuing IT investments in uncertain business environments. While much has been written about the quantitative and valuation aspects of real options, we believe that its use as a strategic tool to inculcate broader thinking about IT investment has been understated. Our objective is to illustrate how decision makers can use such thinking to articulate IT value in an environment characterised by high levels of uncertainty. We discuss cumulation, dynamism, and complexity as three major characteristics of uncertain IT-investment decisions and illustrate the use of a strategic real-options framework in each scenario. We hope to stimulate a mode of thinking that can facilitate better communication regarding IT investment and valuation in times of rapid growth and change.


The electron deficiency and trans-planar conformation of bithiazole is potentially beneficial for the electron-transport performance of organic semiconductors. However, the incorporation of bithiazole into polymers through a facile synthetic strategy remains a challenge. Herein, 2,2′-bithiazole was synthesized in one step and copolymerized with dithienyldiketopyrrolopyrrole to afford poly(dithienyldiketopyrrolopyrrole-bithiazole), PDBTz. PDBTz exhibited electron mobility reaching 0.3 cm2 V–1 s–1 in organic field-effect transistor (OFET) configuration; this contrasts with a recently discussed isoelectronic conjugated polymer comprising an electron-rich bithiophene and dithienyldiketopyrrolopyrrole, which displays merely hole-transport characteristics. This inversion of charge-carrier transport characteristics confirms the significant potential for bithiazole in the development of electron-transport semiconducting materials. Branched 5-decylheptacyl side chains were incorporated into PDBTz to enhance polyme...


Analysis of the conditions for electric breakdown in amorphous polymers indicates that the reduction of electric strength with increasing temperature is due to molecular relaxation processes and change of the free volume. To verify this conclusion in the case of polymers with relaxation below the glass temperature Tg, the breakdown strength of a weakly plasticized polyvinyl chloride was measured in the neighborhood of Tg. The electric strength diminishes below Tg already; at Tg it begins to fall more rapidly. A change of Tg attained by altering the degree of plastification resulted in a corresponding shift of the point, where the breakdown strength–temperature curve begins to fall more steeply. These results agree essentially with the conclusions of the theoretical reasonings, in which the relaxation processes and free volume play a decisive part.


Glass Fibre-Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) bars offer a feasible alternative to typical steel reinforcement in concrete structures where there are concerns of corrosion or magnetic interference. In order to design safe structures for a service life of 50 to 100 years, the longterm material properties of GFRP must be understood. Thirty GFRP stirrups of three types were tested under sustained loading to investigate creep rupture and modulus degradation behaviour. The time to failure under varying sustained loads was used to extrapolate the safe design load for typical service lives. It was found that shear critical beams with shear reinforcement designed in accordance with CSA-S806 and ACI-440 provisions may be at risk of premature failure under sustained design loads. Analysis was based on finite element modelling and previously tested beams. Additionally, no moduli degradation was observed in this study. A cumulative weakening model was developed to potentially take into account


BACKGROUND: Uterine inversion is a rare obstetric emergency but potentially serious complication of labor. This disease characterized by severe pain and can cause life-threatening condition. If these not immediately identified, the massive and underestimated blood loss can lead to hypovolemic shock. Therefore, early diagnosis and management of this condition is desirable. The objective of the study was to report on the management of chronic uterine inversion due to myoma geburt.
CASE REPORT: A 46-year-old patient was admitted to the gynecology ward of Dr. M. Djamil Central General Hospital with slight bleeding from vagina for 1 month ago with 2–3 pieces of underwear dark red colored, with pain. Bleeding from the vagina often recurs. There was a mass revealed from vagina with size as big as baby's head. The mass had pus and necrotic tissue.
 CONCLUSION: Uterine inversion is a serious obstetric complication due to life threaten of the patient. Its low incidence leads to scarce experience in solving this kind of situation. There are some risk factors or mechanism as an underlying etiology of uterine inversion. The authors concluded that the presence of myoma geburt can be associated with the chronic uterine inversion. Surgical approach by eksterpation of myoma geburt with total hysterectomy can be the right procedure. Therefore, it is essential to keep in mind this diagnosis in all cases of vaginal bleeding.


This interim report is intended to provide a description of (roughly) the first twelve months of Pioneer development, drawing out some of the similarities and differences between the sites, the barriers they are encountering in their ambitious attempts to integrate health and
social care services, and the approaches they are taking to overcome these barriers. This progress report of the development of the Pioneers during their first year presents interim findings which may be subject to change by the time the final report of the early evaluation is independently peer reviewed and prepared for publication in summer 2015.


: Rhabdomyolysis is a common condition with potentially devastating complications, and only few therapeutic options are available for the treatment of acute Rhabdomyolysis. In this case, a 56-year-old male who had been drinking alcohol, presented to the emergency department for evaluation of slurred speech, ataxic gait, mood instability, and cognitive disorder. On admission, his creatine kinase (CK) level was 2882 U/L. Despite aggressive fluid repletion, his CK level continued to increase, peaking at 11350 U/L. On administration and after the fluid transfusion with isotonic saline, his CK levels and clinical symptoms improved dramatically. We report this case as it is a rare condition of rhabdomyolysis due to alcohol, with the intent to highlight its clinical features and paraclinical finding.


Purpose: The main aim of this research is to explore the factors that contribute to panic buying behavior and to propose ideas for government control in such events.

Theoretical framework: scarcity is the theoretical basis of current research in the context of COVID-19 in Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China. Collect and review previous relevant studies by theme to understand the latest literature trends of scarcity, anxiety and panic buying.

Method: This research takes 213 customers from Quanzhou City, Fujian Province, China as a sample, and uses SPSS and AMOS questionnaires to investigate the status of panic buying.

Findings: This research uses questionnaire data, through empirical research, to explore the important role of anxiety as a mediating variable in panic buying in the COVID-19 epidemic.

Research, Practical & Social implications: Research has found that scarcity has a significant positive correlation with panic buying and anxiety; Scarcity has a significant impact on panic buying through the mediating effect of individual anxiety. Personal cognition has a significant moderating effect on scarcity on panic buying and anxiety on panic buying.

Originality: The research problem addressed in this study is the phenomenon of panic buying during public crisis events such as the COVID-19 pandemic. this study proposes ideas for guiding government control in public crisis events.


In bandwidth-sharing networks, users of various classes require service from different subsets of shared resources simultaneously. These networks have been proposed to analyze the performance of wired and wireless networks. For general arrival and service processes, we give sufficient conditions in order to compare sample-path wise the workload and the number of users under different policies in a linear bandwidth-sharing network. This allows us to compare the performance of the system under various policies in terms of stability, the mean overall delay and the weighted mean number of users.

For the important family of weighted α-fair policies, we derive stability results and establish monotonicity of the weighted mean number of users with respect to the fairness parameter α and the relative weights. In order to broaden the comparison results, we investigate a heavy-traffic regime and perform numerical experiments.


Construction industry occupied very important position in national economy. For construction market activation, people want to be offered preferentially the construction environment which can do a construction act easy. However, there are 16 department and 210 laws related architecture in Korea and improvement in life quality make them strengthening and subdivision. Since 1990, government strives to abolish various regulations, but most people consider laws related architecture as useless. There are lots of problem among the law related architecture. Especially, there are many statutes which must be checked related to a building permit and much wastes time and money in review because of overlapping laws related architecture. In this study, we are going to raise several points between laws related architecture and to propose the construction regulation improvement.


STUDY QUESTION
Does administration of androgen to female-to-male transsexual persons (FTMs) of reproductive age induce polycystic ovary (PCO) morphology?

SUMMARY ANSWER
Administration of high-dose androgen to women causes pathognomonic changes to the ovarian cortex and stroma that resemble Stein-Leventhal syndrome but it does not induce PCO morphology.

WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY
Androgen is thought to play a key role in follicular development and to be involved in the pathophysiology of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). In several experimental models, animals given high-dose androgen show ovarian changes similar to those in women with PCOS. In previous human studies, the ovaries of FTMs who received androgen for long periods also exhibited PCO morphology.

STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION
We conducted a retrospective case-control study of women, all without PCOS, undergoing salpingo-oophorectomy. The case group consisted of 11 FTMs taking testosterone (duration range: 17 months to 14 years), while the control group consisted of 10 patients with gynaecologic malignancies who did not receive testosterone.

PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS
Resected ovaries from both groups were compared histologically with respect to changes in the cortex and stroma, and the number of follicles at each maturation stage.

MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE
Compared with controls, the FTM group had a thicker ovarian cortex (P = 0.0001), and more hyperplastic collagen (P = 0.001), ovarian stromal hyperplasia (P = 0.003) and stromal luteinization, i.e. luteinized stromal cells with a small dark central nucleus surrounded by clear cytoplasm (P = 0.004). Isolated clusters of such stromal luteinized cells were found only in the testosterone-treated ovaries of FTMs. The number of primordial follicles was similar in the two groups (P = 0.22). The numbers of early stage (primary, pre-antral and early antral) follicles, which are dependent on androgen, were also similar (P = 0.81), as were the numbers of antral follicles (P = 0.97). In contrast, significantly greater numbers of atretic follicles were seen in the FTM than that in the control group (P = 0.01).

LIMITATIONS, REASON FOR CAUTION
In addition to the low numbers in the study groups, the histological changes in FTMs were investigated after testosterone administration, therefore it is possible that some of the observed changes were already present, before androgen administration.

WIDER IMPLICATION OF THE FINDINGS
Our results are at variance with those of earlier studies and suggest that excessive androgen exposure in women of reproductive age may not be a factor in the pathogenesis of PCOS.


In view of some aspects of the listed company, such as its inherent defect, environment for the independent director to carry out his duty, deficiency of the system of the independent director, and the market operation mechanism, the article probes into the current situation and problems of the system of independent director of the listed company. It is believed that the system should be perfected from several levels, such as the corporation culture, administration legislation, building of the system, and professional marketplace mechanism.


Let $f\in\Sigma_{n,2d}$ be a sum of squares. The Gram spectrahedron of $f$ is a compact, convex set that parametrizes all sum of squares representations of $f$. Let $F\subseteq\mathrm{Gram}(f)$ be a face of its Gram spectrahedron. We are interested in upper bounds for the dimension of $F$. We show that this upper bound can be determined combinatorially. As it turns out, if the degree is large enough, a face realizing this bound, is a face of a Gram spectrahedron such that the form $f$ is singular. Thus we are also interested in finding better bounds whenever the form $f$ is smooth.


A girl with partial trisomy 9q is reported. She was characterized by dolichomorphism, abnormalities of the digits, a cardiac defect and craniofacial dysmorphism. A high‐resolution analysis revealed the karyotype to be: 46,XX,‐3,+der(3)t(3;9)(q29;q13) de novo. A phenotype‐karyo‐type correlation study in 22 cases of partial trisomies 9q supported the delineation of a trisomy 9q3 syndrome. The smallest region of overlap was confined to 9q32.


One dimension of this task is segmentation. For example, how can learners separate the stems from the affixes that signal a particular morphosyntactic property? If this information was all that learners had, they might hypothesize that zavod has the lexical meaning 'factory', and the –ov suffix signals genitive plural. A large body of experimental research addresses this syntagmatic, structural challenge of identifying recurrent partial forms (e.g., Saffran et al. 1996; Finley and Newport 2011; Aslin and Newport 2012). However, there is also a paradigmatic aspect to the problem. For example, the table below shows some alternative possibilities for how a plural form might be realized with different cases in Russian (Baerman et al. 2009).


Design of progressive addition lens is to obtain the desired power distribution, and control the unwanted astigmatism. And newly developed curvature polynomials are ideal candidate for representing the power and astigmatism distribution of a PAL.


This paper presents an analysis of the energy quality performance of the neutral point-clamped three-phase four-level converter from the dc-link unbalance influence point of view. The analysis is carried out by the proposed mathematical models. The presented analysis technique can be applied to any n-level NPC rectifier or inverter.


A series of oil and gas fields, including Iagifu-Hedinia, occur along the leading edge of the Papuan fold and thrust belt. Formed during Pliocene to Recent compression, they are structurally complex, and typically broken into multiple reservoir compartments. The presence of the karstic Darai Limestone at the surface over most of the fold belt prevents acquisition of useful seismic data. Reservoir mapping, and establishment of reservoir continuity, is therefore based soley on (1) surface geologic data, (2) drilling data; initially dipmeter and RFT pressure data, and subsequently well production histories, and (3) geochemical correlation of reservoir fluids. During appraisal of the Iagifu-Hedinia discovery, these complimentary data sets demonstrated that (1) a single hydrocarbon column existed above a flowing aquifer in the main block of Iagifu-Hedinia field, (2) a separate acuumulation existed in the Usano area. Geochemical data have suggested the presence of reservoir compartments where other data were missing or inconclusive. Subsequently-acquired production history data have confirmed the geochemically-based interpretations. Geochemical data suggest that oils at Iagifu-Hedinia have a common source. The slight differences in oil composition between reservoirs are likely due to multiple phases of expulsion from the same source rock and/or migration-fractionation.


In an ideal world every single meeting between law students and professors, or between beginning lawyers and their supervisors, should leave supervisors impressed by their charges and junior lawyers/students with a clear sense of direction for their work. We do not live in that ideal world.

This Article seeks to improve those supervisory meetings, and to do so from the perspective of the ones under supervision. We posit there is a genuine art to getting the best supervision possible, and that doing so can be both learned and taught. We first unpack some of the disconnects and hidden assumptions that can hinder effective supervisory meetings. We observe that participants in supervisory meetings may have very different expectations about the roles of the participants. We further explore the relational aspects of supervision and note that a shared sense of responsibility for supervision promotes more effective supervisory interactions. Next, the Article turns to considering what law professors can do to prepare law students to get the most out of feedback from their supervisors. We conclude that teaching law students to adjust their attributions toward growth, to set clear and achievable goals, and to be thoughtfully self-reflective, will maximize their learning in any academic and professional supervision.


It discusses affinity relations of standardization and production management and scientific development through real example of pipe product and raw material standard.It puts forward many practical methods of solving the contradiction between standardization to pipe product and raw material standard as well as production management,scientific and technology development and market competition to better manage relation of standardization between production management,scientific and technology development and market competition to fully exert an important role of standardization among them.


Objectives To investigate the status of human resources in Center for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC) at different levels in Hubei,so as to provide scientific evidence for shaping human resource developing programs.Methods By applying descriptive statistic method to analyze the data of the status of human resources in CDC at different levels in Hubei.The data were collected from China Information System for Diseases Control and Prevention in 2011.Results There were 7 637 personnel in the whole CDC of Hubei.The average age was 41.7 and 87.90% of the personnel were 25~54 years old.More than 62.93% of staffs have a education background of junior college or above,most of the staff had worked for 10~40 years(83.15%).70.26% of the professional post centralized in secondary and primary.Conclusions Reform must be carried out continuously and human resources in CDC in the whole province must be arranged rationally.Meanwhile,Personnel training and standards of staff assignment also need to be strengthened and established.Quality of staff should be enhanced in CDC at different levels.


Banks, like other commercial institutions, are faced with various risks. Just like some other commercial institutions, banks are faced with various risks. One of these risks is liquidity risk. The inability of banks to fund assets and unable to meet its obligations reveal liquidity risk. There are lots of studies in the literature measuring the liquidity risk of traditional banks. However, studies based on participation banks and examining the factors affecting liquidity risk are quite limited. In this study, using the quarterly data of five participation banks covering the years 2016 and 2019, the variables that affect the liquidity risk were determined using the panel data method. As a result of the analysis, a significant and positive relationship was determined between the liquidity risk and the capital adequacy ratio. This result revealed that as the liquid assets of participation banks increase, the liquidity risk will decrease.


The shaking table model test was used to simulate the seismic response of the ground with fissures in the region of Xi?an where metro tunnels often penetrate through the active ground fissures. It was found that the hidden fissures inside the soil body grew to appear on the surface after a while during the test and continue to expand to form through fissure lines crossing the surface. As the dynamic test continues,the secondary fissures were developed at the upper soil layer joining with the main ones. The loose soil fillings inside the fissures moved upward along the fissures. The uneven settlements occurred on the surface during the test and the largest difference of the settlements occurred just on the two sides of the fissures. The uneven settlements induced a tension between the two sides of fissures,which made ground fissures to expand its width, length and height and gradually expose to the surface. The measured accelerations at the upper layer are greater than those at the bottom layer. The results of the test may provide a guide line for the seismic design of structures in the areas of ground with fissures.


E. MUIR (Indian Journ. of Med. Research, October, 1923, p. 543) bases the treatment of leprosy on (1) the setting free, into the general circulation, of the bacilli, with their toxins, from the "gloea" or mucus-like substance in which they lie embedded in the lymph spaces, protected from the tissues of the body; anId (2).the control of the reactions thus induced, so as to prevent excessive broadcasting of the organisms. Measures stiuc as exercise ana the treatment ec associated chronic infections are of value in increasing the patient's resistance, but the chief therapeutic agents are the ethyl esters of the fatty acids of chaulmoogra, hydnocarpus, linseed, and olive oils. These not only Iree the organisms, but probably all .have in addition a specific action. They are best given subculaneously or intramuscularly with an equal quantity cf olive oil, so as to lessen the pain. A reaction is indicated by focal inflammation, fever, neutitic pains, and the appearance of new lesions. Moderate reactions are desirable, severe ones should be avoided. The initial dose is 0.25 c.cm. of the ester, and early injections are administered intramuscularly twvice a week, the dosage being raised according to the patient's tolerance. Larger quantities of the drug (2 c.cm. or lmore) are injected in divided doses beneath the nerve or skin lesions, care being taken not to enter an affected nerve. The tolerance limit varies from I c.om. in some patients, up to 6 or 7 c.cm. in others. Three months' treatment on these lines in Purulia leper asylum resulted in much improvement in 9 out of 17 cases with linseed and olive esters, and in 12 out of 26 cases with chaulmoogra and hydnocarpus esters. Vaccine tlherapy, with cultures of Kedrowski's bacillus, and the exhibition of drugs such as antimony, arsenic, and potassium iodide, have also given encouraging results in sonie cases.


The thesis starts with analyzing how the second-generation Chinese American women struggle between Chinese traditional culture their parents are trying to pass on to them and American culture which they grow up in. Consequently, on the one hand, they are eager to identify themselves with mainstream society, on the other hand, they find it difficult to break away from Chinese traditions. The thesis aims at interpreting the cultural conflicts between Mothers and Daughters and exploring the social and cultural reasons why the secondgeneration Chinese American women are marginalized by mainstream American men and patriarchal Chinese community. After experiencing sexual and racial discrimination from two dominant cultures, young daughters finally tolerate the bicultural status and succeed in constructing their unique identity.


Curriculum Civics is an important way to promote the "three-all-round education ", and it is the guarantee of the achievement of educational, moral and cultivation goals. Promoting the ideology and politics of the curriculum in the field of education means combining ideological and political knowledge with the diversity of knowledge in the curriculum, and organically unify them, play the role of each course in educating people, improve the quality of school personnel training, and realize students' world outlook and life in the process of knowledge imparting, Views and values. However, there are still many problems in the process of ideological and political construction. For example, in the course of curriculum development, it is difficult to develop a unified direction between professional and ideological and political theory courses, and it is difficult for teachers as a link to integrate curriculum ideological and political, difficulties in the organic integration of professional knowledge and ideological education, etc.Combined with the above problems, the article introduces the new model of four platforms and three education into the process of curriculum ideological and political construction, in order to achieve the goal of effectively promoting the ideological, political and moral education of the curriculum.


A R T I C L E I N F O A B S T R A C T Article history: Received: 03 August, 2020 Accepted: 19 December, 2020 Online: 15 January, 2021 Healthy lifestyles were proposed to improve the health status of the university population, they are a set of behaviors that are reflected according to the type of situation and behavior of each person who performs it during the period of their training, the inappropriate lifestyles provides many problems, which are non-communicable diseases that manifest in the health status of each individual, which most of the time students choose to consume less nutritious foods and they are not healthy and affect their health; inadequate lifestyles do not provide good academic performance and also generate a bad psycho-emotional state. The objective of the study is to determine the Lifestyle in nursing students at a university in North Lima, 2019. As results, regarding the Lifestyle in nursing students at a university in North Lima; 51.5% have healthy lifestyle and 48.5% have an unhealthy lifestyle. Regarding the dimensions, interpersonal relationships predominate 73.8% have an unhealthy lifestyle followed by stress management, 65.8% have an unhealthy lifestyle, responsibility for health, 63.3% have a lifestyle unhealthy, Physical activity dimension, 60.8% have an unhealthy lifestyle, spiritual growth, 48.8% have an unhealthy lifestyle, healthy nutrition, 29, 5% have an unhealthy lifestyle; it is important to know those results to make decisions.


The Communications Web site, http://cacm.acm.org, features more than a dozen bloggers in the BLOG@CACM community. In each issue of Communications, we'll publish selected posts or excerpts. twitter Follow us on Twitter at http://twitter.com/blogCACM http://cacm.acm.org/blogs/blog-cacm Jeannette Wing considers the proliferation of computational thinking, while Dan Stanzione hopes to bring more HPC practitioners to SC16.


PON (passive optical network) is the most promising technology applicable to TPS (triple play service). To improve processing the packet, MAC (multiple access control) is the most important technology in the PON. The core of MAC is DBA(dynamic bandwidth assignment), it classifies SR-DBA (status report DBA) and NSR-DBA (non status report DBA). However, it's bad in network efficiency because GPON DBA is using BPONpsilas DBA This study develop BR (borrow-refund)-DBA for improve network efficiency and prompt process. For take the gauge of performance evaluation, estimate about throughput, fairness and queue delay in SR-DBA and NSR-DBA environment.


The characteristics of different molecules chosen as representatives for specific functionalities in conditioning layers play an important role on attachment behavior and later biofilm formation of bacteria. The chemical composition is a major component influencing the attachment but there is a conglomerate of influences.


The aim of this study was to investigate the application of the 5E Learning Model (Engage-Explore-Explain-Elaborate-Evaluate) among university teachers, to understand how teachers deliver each 'E' phase at the Faculty of Education, and to evaluate whether they pay similar attention to all phases. The sample of the study consisted of 139 university students who responded to a standardized online questionnaire regarding the 5E Learning Model. The results revealed that all phases of the 5E Model were covered while teaching the tertiary level students; however, the initial phase, the engagement phase, was paid less attention compared to the other 'E' phases. The students also considered that most activities were performed in the exploration and explanation phase, reasoning that they are hands-on phases. Although all phases of the 5E Model were demonstrated while teaching, the conclusion is that not all are similarly distributed. The study recommends that the same attention should be paid to all phases of the 5E Learning Model. The practice and implementation of each phase while teaching and learning helps develop life-long learning and teaching skills. Thus, it should be thoroughly introduced, explained and revised for the purpose of its further appropriate and easy application by the students at the Faculty of Education in their future teaching.


Accounting for phospholipids as natural ingredients of cosmetics,pointing out the disadvantages of conventional solubilization,presentˉing a newtype of technique for the encapsulation of lipophilic actives---NanoSolve s principle,advantages and its application in skin care prodˉucts.


The solutions of Wood and Adamson for steady state detonation wave structure are discussed with particular attention given to the hot boundary where combustion is complete. Unimolecular, irreversible reaction kinetics, with an ignition temperature, and small rate parameter are assumed. An alternate solution based on Wood's analysis is presented which agrees with Wood's and Adamson's results when the hot boundary Mach number is less than unity. The solution presented here does not agree with that of Wood when the hot boundary Mach number is unity. We find that u ∼ 1 + const (log x)−1 as x → 0 when the hot boundary Mach number is unity. u is the reduced velocity; x is the mass concentration of combustible.


This article deals with quantum hydrodynamic models (QHD) for electronic transport in semiconductor devices. Numerical simulation of ballistic diode and resonant tunneling diode is discussed. Based on overall results, it can be concluded that the considered QHD models have remarkable abilities to express the refinements of electronic transport in nanodevices.


The contribution of Spain to the discovery of new elements of the Periodic Table is modest but significant (two and a half). We conclude that Spain is, also in this respect, a normal European country. The discovery of platinum, vanadium and tungsten is illus- trated with historic and cultural details.


This study examined the sources of organisational role stress among Insurance employees and to compare the level of stress vis-à-vis different demographic factors of the employees. The scope of study was insurance companies belonging to different cities of Punjab mainly in Jalandhar, Patiala, Ludhiana and Mandi Gobindgarh. The sample comprised of 250 respondents drawn from Private as well as public companies. The results revealed that there is a significant correlation among the sources of organisational role stress. It was found that Role Isolation was the main concern of the Insurance Employees that lead to stress at the work place. The results also indicated that certain Demographic variables do influence the level of stress among managers. Based on research findings, the current paper also puts forth relevant suggestions and policy recommendations aimed at improving the stress scenario in the industry.


This article analyzes the electoral competition strategy adopted by the Brazilian presidential candidate Jair Bolsonaro on Twitter, supported by the saliency theory – where candidates compete by emphasizing different topics and selecting issues from a universal agenda to focus the campaign's attention and efforts. The salience Bolsonaro's winning campaign attributed to values during the 2018 presidential election. Values are attitudinal guidelines related to different social, religious, economic, and political concepts, covering various topics on views about what is desirable or undesirable in a society. The study used content analysis to explore and categorize a corpus of 809 tweets posted in the account @jairbolsonaro. The data was mined by applying computational intelligence methods and using the public API and the Python Twint library. Four dimensions of cultural variance found in the World Values Survey were used to establish the categories: traditional values, rational-secular values, survival values, and self-expression values. The results show that the content of Bolsonaro's electoral competition strategy was based on traditional moral values and the campaign's format was developed primarily via social media.


Discusses the use of silhouette imaging in correcting the feeding and orienting of parts in assembly operations. Using sensors that can sense edge points via data transitions, edge detecting algorithms can be employed to orient parts or gauge discrimination. Outlines the advantages and disadvantages of dealing with a binary image in relation to greyscale image analysis. Examines the various sensor technologies that can be used to create an article silhouette and looks at the benefit of using a backlit CCD array system where the silhouette of a transparent or opaque article is required.


Average cerebral blood flow determinations were performed 26 times comparing argon desaturation curves measured by mass spectrometry to the krypton 85 desaturation technique of McHenry.1 During 17 of these studies krypton 85 and argon desaturations were performed simultaneously. Mean cerebral blood flow difference was 7.2 ± 5.7% for simultaneous determinations and 7.9 ± 6.6% for the total, establishing that the two techniques are comparable. Some of the advantages of using argon in mass spectrometry include: no blood needs to be withdrawn, curves can be observed at the time they are obtained, radiation precautions are not required, multiple studies do not affect the patient, and partial pressures of oxygen and carbon dioxide can be observed constantly.


We study the influence of finite emittance electron bunches in the bubble regime of laser-driven wakefield acceleration onto the microscopic structure of the bunch itself. Using resilient backpropagation (Rprop) to find the equilibrium structure, we observe that for realistic and already observed emittances the previously found crystalline structures remain intact and are only widened marginally. Higher emittances lead to larger electron displacements within the crystal and finally its breaking.


* 500 metric tonnes day 1. As available solid waste disposal capacity in landfills decreases, municipalities will consider alternative methods of disposal, such as waste reduction, material reuse, recycling and combustion. This paper provides a review of existing U.S. municipal solid waste (MSW) energy recovery facilities (MSW incineration plants which recover heat for the purpose of steam production or power generation) less than 550 t day-'* nominal capacity. Refer to the complete report for additional information (Hegberg et al. 1990). Energy recovery facilities may be characterized according to their combustion methods and their construction (Fig. 1). Mass-burn plants perform removal of large bulky items from municipal waste prior to combustion in order to maintain efficient fuel flow. Refuse-derived fuel plants (RDF, also known as prepared fuel plants) screen and separate out noncombustible and useful components of the waste stream. Examples of


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an electrophotographic toner having a much smaller particle diameter than a toner obtained by the conventional comminution method, excellent in anti-offsetting property, blocking resistance, gloss and transparency and hopeful as a toner for a copying machine or a printer giving a copy of a photograph of high image quality. SOLUTION: The electrophotographic toner is manufactured by emulsion polymerization of a composition comprising a styrenic monomer, a methacrylic ester (or acrylic ester), ion-exchanged water, a water-soluble organic solvent, a fluorine-containing emulsifier, a fluorine-containing surfactant, a nonionic fluorine-free surfactant, a colorant, a polymerization initiator, an electrostatic charge controlling agent and a crosslinker. COPYRIGHT: (C)2003,JPO


Task-based language teaching is recently the most frequently used method in second language instructions. The current study has focused on two main factors that have been proposed in TBLT, i.e. strategic planning and topic familiarity. It aims to investigate the effect of manipulation of strategic planning and topic familiarity on EFL written task performance. The participants were 80 intermediate female learners of English as a foreign language from a private language institute in Urmia, Iran. All of the written productions were coded using three measures covering accuracy, fluency and complexity. Using SPSS software, ANOVA have been used to analyze the collected data. The findings of this study carry significant pedagogical implications for task and syllabus designers, second language teachers and testers and also SLA researchers.


Abstract : The analytical part deals with the nonlinear response of a three degree of freedom aeroelastic structural model in the neighborhood of combination internal resonance condition. The Fokker Planck equation approach is used to derive a general differential equation for the response statistical joint moments. The equations are solved by using numerical integration. The solution shows that the response coordinates are non-stationary random processes and the three normal modes are in complete nonlinear interaction. The interaction is found to be very strong at a region of internal detuning which is shifted from the exact internal resonance condition. This result is under further investigation by using a non-gaussian closure scheme. The experimental investigation is conducted out on a two degree of freedom model. When the first normal mode is externally excited by a band-limited random excitation, the system mean square response is found to be linearly proportional to the excitation spectral density level up to a certain level above which the two normal modes exhibit discontinuity governed mainly by the internal detuning parameter and the system damping ratios. The results are completely different when the second normal mode is excited. For small levels of excitation spectral density the response is dominated by the second normal mode. For higher levels of excitation spectral density the first normal mode attends and interacts nonlinearly with the second mode in a form of energy exchange.


Non-consensual organ procurement from prisoners in China raises serious questions regarding the ethics of Chinese transplant research. In their article, published in this issue of JME , Higgins and colleagues address these questions through the lens of publication ethics. They argue that, 'while there are potentially compelling justifications for use [of unethical research] under some circumstances, these justifications fail when unethical practices are ongoing'.1 Consequently, they recommend non-publication of Chinese transplant research and call for a mass retraction of the articles identified in their review.2

To support their argument, Higgins and colleagues appeal to internationally recognised guidelines from the WHO3 and the World Medical Association, which assert that 'executed prisoners must not be considered as organ and/or tissue donors' due to the inability to acquire valid consent.4 Failing to declare an immediate publishing moratorium for transplant research involving prisoners in China, they argue, 'undermines efforts to stop transplant-related human rights abuses, taints the evidence base, and renders those who publish and use the research complicit in the continuing harm'.5

We agree with Higgins and colleagues that non-consensual organ procurement from prisoners in China is a crime against humanity. Ongoing human rights violations in Chinese prisons are well documented and universally condemned. We also agree that the subsequent use of data acquired from unethical research is morally complex. Nonetheless, Higgins and colleagues' arguments leave us with three …


ed after two weeks of treatment and after four weeks of treatment. Treatment was stopped after four weeks unless any solar keratoses remained, in which case treatment was continued for another two weeks. All patients treated their faces, and 13 patients also treated their arms and hands. Twenty patients completed the treatment; 17 were treated for four weeks, three for six weeks. The solar keratoses on the face responded well to treatment, 19 patients obtaining 90% or more clearance. The remaining patient had some hypertrophic lesions which required cryotherapy. There were few side-effects. Sixteen patients developed erythema of the lesions, but this was pronounced in only five patients. Eleven experienced discomfort, and in two this was more than a mild irritation. Five patients had some weeping of the inflamed lesions. No patient developed side effects from the steroid cream. The upper limbs did not respond as well as the face. Only eight patients obtained a clearance of 90% or more of the lesions. The others had their remaining solar keratoses removed by cryotherapy. Two patients were unhappy at the end of treatment one because of pain, the other because his skin had become "too smooth". Once-a-day application of 1% 5FU lotion and a fluorinated steroid cream is effective, easy for the patient to use, and has few sideeffects. It is especially good for elderly patients. We suggest that this should be the treatment of choice for multiple solar keratoses. It may clear all, or nearly all, solar keratoses in the treated area. Cryotherapy is only of limited use because it is painful, and causes blistering, ulceration and depigmentation. Cryotherapy is a useful adjuvant to the above, removing the solar keratoses which 5FU fails to remove. Prolonged use of fluorinated steroids on 1979 198


The morphology of the male genitalia of Podoscirtinae and the nomenclature of their structures are discussed. Six Indo-Malayan genera of Podoscirtini are characterized; 4 new genera, 2 new subgenera, 20 new species, and 5 new subspecies are described; several other species are revised (including the descriptions of some unknown females and new data on distribution). One generic name (Calyptotrypus Sauss.) and one specific name (Platydactylus helvolus Serv.) are considered nomina dubia. New synonymy (Zvenella nigrotibialis Liu, Yin & Wang, syn. n. = Z. geniculata; Madasumma obscuripennis Chop., syn. n. = Z. parcevenosa; Calyptotrypus flavomarginatus Hsia & Liu, syn. n. = Valia pulchra) is established. The lectotype for Truljalia hofmanni is designated.


A steel reinforced concrete structure possesses the properties of both concrete and steel, and by having an appropriate design it is possible for such a structure to provide good earthquake resistance. High-rise concrete buildings with steel reinforcements displayed a good earthquake-resistance capacity when subjected to the Kanto earthquake (1923) as compared to ordinary reinforcements. Since then, the encased structural system, which is a form of composite construction, has been employed in Japan for most building frames taller than seven stories. However, the construction of ordinarily steel reinforced concrete buildings has decreased because of the demand for the reduction of the construction cost. That is because steel reinforced concrete structures used the steel, it is higher than reinforced concrete structures on both sides of material cost and construction cost. This situation is that the excellent mechanical property of steel concrete composite structure cannot be used. Thus, this research investigates how steel concrete composite columns can be earthquake-resistant, workable, and economical. Proposed new type steel concrete composite structure which can be used by changing into reinforced concrete structure is the best use of the characteristic of steel reinforced concrete columns and concrete filled steel tubular columns. This paper discusses steel concrete composite columns without cover concrete. The mechanical behavior of the columns with symmetric and asymmetric cross sections was confirmed through seismic loading tests under a constant vertical load. The test specimens were cantilever that assumes the behavior below the inflection point of the column. The experimental parameters were axial force ratio and shape of the steel. All the test specimens were designed so that failure under flexure occurred earlier than failure under shear. The test results showed that under the hysteresis characteristics of the columns with a symmetrical cross section under low axial compression, the hysteresis loop indicated a spindle-shape. Moreover, large ductility and a small amount of degradation in the strength due to repeated loading was observed. At the hysteresis characteristics of columns with an asymmetrical cross section, it is observed that the hysteresis loop indicated a spindleshape with some pinching, and columns under low axial compression displayed ductility. On the other hand, under the hysteresis characteristics of the columns with a symmetrical cross section under high axial compression, drastic strength deterioration after reaching the maximum carrying capacity was seen. Furthermore, a reduction in the deformation capacity became remarkable for the columns with an asymmetrical cross section. The structural tests made it clear that ultimate flexural strength could be evaluated by the superposed strength method, in which the ultimate strength of the steel flange, steel web and concrete. Moreover, we showed that the proposed evaluation method of restoring force characteristics matches the test result well.