An increase in the value of hematocrite it depicts hemoconcentration always found in patients with dengue as indicator that sensitive the leaks plasma, so need examination hematocrite. The inquest hematocrite using the the blood sample veins and capillary unable to obtain the results of different. The purposeof the research to determine the difference value hematocrite of the blood veins and capillary patient dengue. The kind of research is analytic research, sampel taken from a total population as much as 30 sample is well blended with dengue per day in RSUD Dr. R. Soedjati Purwodadi. The result showed the value of hematocrite blood veins avarage was 38.933 % and the value of hematocrite blood capillary avarage was 37.70 %. These result indicated that the hematocrite blood veins result is higher than the a bood capillary. However, both results are still within the normal range. The statistic test of Independent sample t Test showed a significanse value of 0.448 with the significance level of 0.05 that 0.488 > 0.05. This, it can be concluded that the is no significant diffrence between the result of value hematocrite blood veins and capillary.
Key words : Hematocrite blood veins and capillary.


incidents. Often it is based on descriptions of 'unusual' predatory behaviour, or of examination of numerically small and unrepresentative stomach-content samples. Ex- ceptions were the investigations carried out in Egypt by Kirkpatrick (1925) who examined 139 stomachs, and Kadry Bey (1942) who examined 498. This paper reports on the diet of cattle egrets feeding in man-made pastures in the south-western Cape Province, South Africa. The study-area was located near the town of Stellenbosch (330 57'S, 180 50'E). For the evaluation of the food of independent, free-flying egrets, specimens were ob- tained by shooting. They were collected in 10 out of every 12 months over a period of 3 years, within a radius of about 30 km of Stellenbosch. No birds were collected in October and November because: (a) egrets were relatively scarce in and around Stellen- bosch in those months; (b) the birds breed during those months and disturbance to breeders near their nesting colonies, and the imposed artificial mortality, would have affected the results of concurrent investigations, aimed at determining the species' reproductive success; and (c) stomach contents obtained from adult birds with young might have led to a distorted picture of the adults' true diet, since adults might have been purposely selecting food items particularly suitable for feeding to their nestlings. Most of the samples were obtained from birds collected whilst feeding in one type of habitat, viz. dairy-cattle paddocks, primarily planted with kikuyu grass (Pennesetum clandestinum). These pastures are irrigated in summer, either by overhead sprinklers or by gravitational flooding, or both. The advantage of concentrating collection in this way was basically twofold. Firstly, irrigated pasture constitutes, by far, the species' most impor- tant feeding ground in the study-area. Secondly, a comparative analysis of the food resources of this habitat and the diet of the birds and their numbers could be studied (Siegfried, in preparation). A limited number of food samples were obtained from birds frequenting feeding places other than stock-grazing pastures.


All forms of Buddhism affirm the perfectability of the person, and one finds this notion of perfection embodied in three images: the Arahant, the Bodhisattva and the Mahasiddha. Much of this book is a re-examination of the arahant image as found in Theravada literature.


The recently finished Edinburgh UVX quasar survey at B<18 is used together with other complete samples to estimate the shape and evolution of the optical luminosity function in the redshift range 0.3<z<2.2. There is a significantly higher space density of quasars at high luminosity and low redshift than previously found in the PG sample of Schmidt & Green, with the result that the shape of the luminosity function at low redshifts (z<1) is seen to be consistent with a single power law. At higher redshifts the slope of the power law at high luminosities appears to steepen significantly. There does not appear to be any consistent break feature which could be used as a tracer of luminosity evolution in the population.


A microscopic traffic simulation was used to build a base model for the evaluation of vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) networks. The modeled network is a simple straight two-lane roadway without intersections or obstacles to obstruct traffic flow. The simplicity of the model allows for the study of lane changing maneuvers in order to provide insight on how soon to alert vehicles of approaching emergency vehicles in the context of V2V communications system. To test different V2V/V2I scenarios, a VISSIM model was developed and the results of data analysis are reported. This paper contributes to the literature by demonstrating how VISSIM can be used to model this system, how the computational efficiency can be increased, and provides a better understanding of the behavior of vehicles when lane changing maneuvers are needed. In addition, this paper addresses performance enhancements using the COM interface and outside programming languages.


Kim Hye-sun (b. 1955) is a prominent contemporary South Korean poet, who is identified as one of the "women poets of the 1980s," a group that also includes Ch'oe Sŭng-ja, Kim Sŭng-hŭi, and Yi Yŏn-ju. Kim Hye-sun and Ch'oe Sŭng-ja were the first women to be published in the prestigious journalLiterature and Intellect. The yearwas 1979—the yearwhenPresident Park Chung Hee's nearly two decades of authoritarian rule came to an end with his assassination. However, this political transition soon brought another coup and oppressive military rule that lasted until the late 1980s. Kim has steadily published since the 1980s. She has published seven collections of poems; hermost recent book is a collection of essays about women andwriting. In 2001, Kim received the prestigious Sŏ-wŏl Poetry Award. Her book of poems Seoul, My Upanishad (1994) was awarded the Kim Su-yŏng Contemporary PoetryAward in 2000.Kim teaches creativewriting at SeoulArts University, andmost recently she has been appointed dean of the university's


The spectrum of spin-wave and single-particle excitations is studied in a half-filled-band Hubbard antiferromagnet for interaction strength values in the intermediate and weak-coupling regimes. The spin-wave-energy scale, which goes essentially as [ital t][sup 2]/[ital U] in the strong- and intermediate-coupling regimes, exhibits a crossover and goes down with decreasing interaction strength in the weak-coupling regime. This crossover is found to occur at [ital U]/[ital t]=3.26, and it demarcates the Heisenberg behavior in the strong- and intermediate-coupling regimes from the spin-density-wave behavior in the weak-coupling regime. The spin-wave-energy scale gets compressed by the charge gap in the weak-coupling regime, and consequently the spin-wave branch, which approaches the single-particle excitation band quite closely, never actually merges into it.


We propose an ultra wide band radar system based on a coherent emission of an ultra-wide band antenna array using photoconductive switching devices. The triggering process is obtained by excitation of semiconductor samples in linear mode using a picosecond laser source. The emitting antenna system and the receiving antenna developed by our research laboratory, present some specific qualities suitable for radiation and measurement of ultra-short pulses


Plants, unlike animals are naturally able to synthesize whatever compounds they need, require more than a dozen different elements [majorly Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium (NPK)] as such. This study investigated the effect(s) of application of cow dung (CD) and NPK fertilizer on the early growth response of Irvingia gabonensis. Top soil samples of between 0 – 15 cm depth (control group I), top soil + NPK (Group II), top soil + cow dung (Group III) and top soil + NPK + cow dung (Group IV) were collected at varying combinations. The soils were then taken to the laboratory for physio-chemical analysis of key components [pH, N, P, K + , Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , Na + , Org. C, sand, silt and clay]. Prior to and after actual experimentation, the N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, pH constituents of the cow dung were also analysed. For every two weeks (in twenty weeks duration) after application, plant heights, leaf area, number of leaf, stem girth were obtained and noted. By way of a sensitive weighing machine, 20 WAP destructive sampling was conducted to determine the weights of the shoot and root after oven-drying for three days in an oven sets at 75°C. In any case, these samples were then analysed for the nutrient content of the stem, root and leaf. Following data collection, comparisons of mean differences was performed using the Fishers protected least significant test Original Research Article Ehiwe et al.; ASRJ, 3(1): 26-35, 2020; Article no.ASRJ.55060 27 and Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at 5% level of probability. Upon careful observation of result, study found that Irvingia gabonensis seedlings grown with cow-dung and NPK combination (Group IV) performed better in growth (height, diameter and leaf area) than seedlings grown in only top soil medium (TS) with single fertilizer use (Group II). However, NPK 3 CD 3, NPK 3 CD 2 and NPK 2 CD 3 best support the early growth phase of Irvingia gabonensis seedlings as compared to others. Study therefore showed Cow dung to contain substantial amount of essential elements that may be beneficial for the physio-chemical growth of Irvingia wombolu seedlings and combating reports of deforestations across the globe. It is recommended that for better results, cow-dung and NPK mixtures should be used than single use of the either treatments. Further studies aimed at corroborating this research are also recommended.


Marasmiellus ciesanus, collected in open dunes in the National Maritime-Terrestrial Park of the Atlantic Islands of Galicia, is illustrated and described as a new species from Spain on the basis of morphological features. This species is close to other taxa of the subsection Quercini, in which it occupies an isolated position due to its unusual small spores broadly ellipsoid to oblong-lacrimoid, versiform cheiloand caulocystidia and specific substrata (dead stalks of Helichrysum picardii var. virescens).


Kinematic accuracy is one of the most important indexes to evaluate whether the robot has application value and performance. In this paper, the manipulator of 3-PUU parallel robot is taken as the research object. The manipulator has three degrees of freedom. The dynamics and kinematics of the mechanism are analyzed, to deduce the input and output relationship of the mechanism, establish the transfer matrix according to the position error, and then establish the mathematical model related to the kinematic accuracy, and this paper gives the method of accuracy evaluation and calculation method. Monte Carlo method is used to simulate the reliability of the kinematic accuracy of the manipulator structure. Finally, the results show that this method of measuring robot kinematic accuracy is effective, which provides a theoretical basis for the follow-up research on mechanism optimization design and reduce error.


The result from O'Bannon v. NCAA should provide NCAA student-athletes with unprecedented financial benefits such as cost of attendance (COA) scholarships. While these benefits will support student-athletes, there are potential unintended consequences surrounding the increase in financial support, including federal and state income taxes. Athletic scholarships have traditionally been classified as qualified scholarships under Revenue Ruling 77–263. However, by providing a COA payment, the scholarship transforms from an educational benefit to a quid pro quo contractual agreement. As such, student-athletes may be forced to pay income taxes on their disqualified scholarship. The purpose of this study is to determine the potential taxability of the COA qualified scholarships. This study analyzes the Internal Revenue Code and Treasury Regulations to determine if the COA scholarship meets the requirements for a qualified scholarship. In addition, the present work provides potential tax implications for student-a...


439 ISSN 1758-1907 10.2217/DMT.13.49 © 2013 Future Medicine Ltd Diabetes Manage. (2013) 3(6), 439–441 Over the past 30 years, a plethora of epidemiologic studies have demonstrated a marked and consistent association between Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and the overall risk for cancer (and its mortality) in various populations [1–4]. However, it was also demonstrated that the strength of this association depended on the cancer site [1,3]. Indeed, the incidence of hepatocellular and pancreatic cancers is doubled in patients presenting with T2D [1,3]. Endometrial cancer risk is also doubled in women with T2D [1,3], while risk of postmenopausal (but not premenopausal) breast, colorectal, kidney, biliary tract and bladder cancers, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, leukemia, and myeloma is 'only' 20–50% higher in patients presenting with T2D [1,3,5]. Notably, the risk of prostate cancer, by contrast, is approximately 15% lower in men with T2D [1,3]. Various assumptions have been made to elucidate direct or indirect mechanisms explaining the association between T2D and cancer. This research has not been very successful so far as both common disorders are markedly complex and hetero geneous, and several risk factors (e.g., aging, male sex, ethnicity, overweight/obesity, visceral adiposity, tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, sedentary lifestyle, poor diet – excessive red/processed meat intake and low vegetable/fruit/wholegrain intake – microvascular complications, hypertension, socioeconomic status and family history) have to be considered as confounding factors in the assessment of cancer risk in patients with T2D [1,4,6]. The inverse association between T2D and prostate cancer may be explained by the lower levels of testosterone in men with T2D; elevated circulating levels of testosterone have been associated with a higher risk of prostate cancer [1,3]. Consequently, the protection from prostate cancer in men presenting with T2D may be due to a lower exposure of the prostate to testosterone [1,3]. For the other T2D-associated cancers, there are two leading hypotheses attempting to explain the contribution of T2D to cancer development: insulin resistance


This work contains Monte–Carlo Markov Chain algorithm for estimation of multi-dimensional rare events frequencies. Logits of rare event likelihood we are modeling with Poisson distribution, which parameters are distributed by multivariate normal law with unknown parameters – mean vector and covariance matrix. The estimations of unknown parameters are calculated by the maximum likelihood method. There are equations derived, those must be satisfied with model's maximum likelihood parameters estimations. Positive definition of evaluated covariance matrixes are controlled by calculating ratio between matrix maximum and minimum eigenvalues.


The dynamic marine atmospheric corrosion behavior of AZ31 magnesium alloy was investigated in situ exposed on the deck of marine scientific research vessel for 1 year. The marine scientific research vessel carried out five voyages from the coast of China to the western Pacific Ocean, while the navigation track and environmental data were collected and analyzed. The corrosion rate and characteristics were evaluated by using weight loss tests, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and electrochemical measurements. The corrosion rate from weight loss values was 52.23 μm∙y−1 after exposure for 1 year, which was several times higher than that of the static field exposure test in marine atmospheric environment of other reported literature. The main corrosion products were Mg5(CO3)4(OH)2·4H2O, MgCO3·3H2O and Mg2(OH)3Cl·4H2O. The corrosion was initiated from pitting corrosion and evolved into general corrosion gradually. The serious corrosion maybe due to the harsh corrosive environment with alternating changes in temperature and relative humidity caused by multiple longitude and latitude changes, and particularly high deposition rate of chloride during voyage, which was nearly twenty times that on the coast of China. This study provides effective data for the application of magnesium alloy in shipboard aircraft and other equipment, and provides a reference for indoor simulation experiments.


FIELD: medicine, pharmacy. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to pharmaceutical composition as granules containing core and enterosoluble envelope. Core comprises 80-100% of didanosine, 0-10% of binding agent taken in the ratio of enterosoluble envelope and core from 0.05:1 to 0.6:1. Granules show the enhanced chemical stability. EFFECT: improved properties of composition. 27 cl, 1 dwg, 2 ex


The present study was conducted on skull of eleven indigenous buffaloes obtained from different sources. The length (52.50 ± 1.66 cm) of the skull was approximately two and half times in comparison to its width (21.50 ± 1.09 cm) with cephalic index of 41. The nuchal crest and torus frontalis were not conspicuous. Facial crest and facial grooves were indistinct. The orbit was circuloid and measured 23.00 ± 0.782 cm 2 in area. The frontal bone formed largest (45.00 %) part of the orbital rim. The maxillary part of the skull was one and half times (60.00 cm) to that of the cranial part (40.00 cm).


To modify the NBR rubber roll which has poor abrasion and chemical resistance, NBR/PVC blends were prepared in various composition ratios. First of all, their miscibility and vulcanization characteristics were investigated. Their abrasion and chemical resistant properties and physical properties were also studied. DSC thermograms for NBR/PVC blends show only one Tg in the entire composition range, demonstrating a perfect miscibility. In the vulcanization characteristics tested by rheometer, maximum torque decreases as PVC contents increased. In the investigation of physical properties of NBR/PVC blends, hardness increases and elongation decreases along with the increasing contents of PVC. On the other hands, tensile strength increases with the increasing contents of PVC up to 11.1 wt. %, and then decreases with higher contents of PVC. While the abrasion resistance of NBR/PVC blends was similar to that of NBR itself, the chemical resistance of NBR/PVC blends was superior to that of NBR.


An underwater neutron coincident counter has been designed and constructed for the measurement of spent nuclear fuel--the spent-fuel coincident counter (SFCC). The SFCC is a medium-detection-efficiency design that incorporates an ionization chamber (IC) for gamma-ray dose evaluation from the spent nuclear fuel. The absolute neutron detection efficiency is 14.5% for {sup 252}Cf sources. The SFCC is hermetically sealed, as it is installed {approximately}5 m below water level in a spent-fuel storage pond. There are 20 {sup 3}He tubes arranged within a polyethylene ring in a single band. There is an inner ring of 6.8 cm of lead to provide shielding from the fission product gamma rays. A single IC is primarily used to determine the dose impinging upon the {sup 3}He tubes and to determine the appropriate operational parameters to avoid gamma-ray pile effects in the {sup 3}He tubes. To further minimize gamma-ray pileup effects, each {sup 3}He tube is connected to a PDT110A preamplifier. The single and double neutron count rates, in addition to the IC measurement information from the SFCC, are used to determine the Pu mass of the spent-fuel assemblies and the decay heat and for classification of the assembly type. This information is required such thatmore » safety criteria are met for the safe packaging of the spent-fuel assemblies.« less


Augmented Reality is a breakthrough technology that could considerably ease execution of complex operations. It enables real-time interaction between the user, real objects and virtual objects. A marker based is one of the approach in augmented reality which uses a static image to project a 3D model. To create such applications open source tools are available. A few tools such as unity, vuforia, python (OpenCv) are used in this study to know the working of augmented reality. Markerless augmented reality is a different approach which doesn't use any target image but places 3D objects randomly on top of the physical world and it interacts with the user. This work is also extended to analyze whether the marker based reality or Markerless augmented reality stands best in applications like education, Gaming, Marketing and advertisement.


In 2018, a 15-year-old female adolescent in Australia was infected with swine influenza A(H3N2) variant virus. The virus contained hemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes derived from 1990s-like human seasonal viruses and internal protein genes from influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus, highlighting the potential risk that swine influenza A virus poses to human health in Australia.


The present experiments were designed to assess the immunogenic properties of an inactivated influenza-virus vaccine made from a recombinant virus (X-31) that possesses the surface antigens of Aichi virus and the growth capacity in eggs of A0/PR8 virus. Antibody response in mice and rabbits was tested by assay for titers of hemagglutination inhibition, plaque inhibition, plaque-size reduction, and neuraminidase inhibition following immunization with graded doses of the recombinant vaccine and a standard Aichi virus vaccine of equivalent antigenic content, as determined by the chick-cell-agglutination test. The X-31 vaccine was slightly more effective in eliciting antibody to hemagglutinin in both rabbits and mice and was also more effective than Aichi vaccine in increasing the resistance of mice to the initiation of infection with Aichi virus. Similar titers of antibody to neuraminidase were elicited by the two vaccines, and both were more potent in stimulating antibody to hemagglutinin than to neuraminidase. The results indicate that the recombinant vaccine was at least as effective as a standard vaccine in its immunogenic properties. In addition, the results of these experiments raise questions regarding the accuracy of the chick-cell-agglutination test as a method for assaying immunogenic potency.


Increased incidences of microcephaly and Guillain-Barré syndrome in areas in the Americas that are hit by the ongoing recent Zika outbreak has alarmed the global community. Health authorities worldwide are urged to take effective action to prevent further spreading, while only having sparse and uncertain information on the problem and the effects of potential solutions. SD is a powerful tool in providing fast yet insightful analysis on pressing problems, however some key aspects of these problems cannot be addressed by this method alone. The objective of our modeling and simulation framework is to provide decision-makers with insights on the prevalence of Zika at different levels of aggregation. Supported by a geographic information system, our approach enables one to look into the evolution of the outbreak from a global, country-level, as well as a province-level perspective. For each province we developed an entity-based model object that allows to switch during runtime between modeling methods. Once the number of interacting individuals has passed a specified threshold, the model object switches from agent-based modeling to System Dynamics. This approach allows to reduce computational requirements dramatically without conceding on disaggregated details where this is of explicit interest, as it is in the beginning of local transmission in another region.


Effect ofArbuscular mycorrhizae( AM) on degradation ofphenanthrene and pyrene as representatives of PAHs in soils was investigated takingalfalfa( Medicagosativa L.) as the host plant. Five arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi( AMF) includingGlomus mosseae, Glomus etu- nicatum, Glomus versiforme, Glomus constrictum, and Glomus intraradices were experimented. The initial concentrations of phenanthrene and pyrene in soils were 0 ̄170.6 mg·kg-1 and 66.06 mg·kg-1, respectively. In 20 ̄60 days, more than 91% ofphenanthrene was removed from soils using AMsystem. The residual concentrations of tested PAHs were significantly lower in soils with AMF- inoculation than those without AMF. And Glomus mosseae, Glomus versiforme, and Glomus constrictum were ofthe best AMF for the promotion of PAH degradation in soils. One notes that plant accumulation of tested PAHs contributed less than 1.4% to the degradation of these chemicals in soils. However, the presence of AMF significantly promoted the microbial activities in soils, and consequently enhanced the degradation of PAHs in soils, which would be a predominant mechanismofthe promoted degradation ofPAHs in soils byAM.


Palm Sludge Oil, PSO, is the low quality of palm oil whereas it changes to liquid waste at the factory. It could be synthesis into biodiesel through the electrolysis method with a Pt electrode. PSO will be descending free fatty acid with esterification. Furthermore, PSO transesterification changes to biodiesel of electron transfer way from the electrolysis process. Its electrolysis is used to Supply DC of 15 volts and correlated with two Ag electrodes. The process is having two variables, electrode distance of 1-2 cm and time process of 2.5 – 4 hours. The highest yield of biodiesel proceeded electrode distances of 1.5 cm and took a transesterification time of 3.5 hours. The best yield resulted in 92.51%.


Actuator saturation, a common nonlinear problem in practical control systems, can not only degrade the performance but may also lead to system instability. Due to the perturbation of large disturbances or inappropriate trajectory planning, the system state may deviate farther away from its reference than the controller can react to properly without becoming saturated. A new "soft tracking" technique proposed in the paper provides a system with an auxiliary feasible reference such that the controller can be recovered from the saturation and the output can gradually converge to the original tracking profile. In contrast to regular tracking control designs, the auxiliary reference used in calculating the control law is online generated by incorporating the current system states and the original desired trajectory in the design.


The present invention discloses a method for reducing the fluctuation of DC voltage of the secondary power synchronization control method, wherein, based on a configuration of the power converter in parallel with the H-bridge string, comprising an input stage, the isolation and output stages, DC side exchange - DC - AC conversion; based on characteristics of the load-side power converter output voltage of the initial phase angle can be arbitrarily set by setting the output voltage of the power converter load-side original phase angles, an instantaneous input power of each phase is reduced Save to the instantaneous output power of the magnitude of the difference, so as to reduce the amplitude of the second harmonic DC capacitor voltage fluctuations. The present invention provides a method capable of effective use of existing equipment, no additional hardware device; and valid for balanced load and uneven load.


The present invention relates to a magnetoresistance device provided with the spin valve (1), the spin valve (1) is formed of a laminate comprising a plurality of layers, the laminate is, the relative orientation of the magnetization direction comprising at least two magnetic layers (2,3) such as to be able to change the influence of the magnetic field sex, magnetoresistance device is further for passing a current through the spin valve in a direction in which a plurality of layers crosses a plane formed and comprises means (6a, 6b). Spin valve (1) is, in the laminate, a plurality of conductive bridge (5) at least one discontinuity is formed through the thickness direction dielectric layer or the semiconductor layer (4), the , bridge (5) is configured as capable of locally concentrate the current that flows across the laminate. The present invention is particularly suitably applied to the magnetic read head and a random access memory.


The article presents linguocultural analysis of nominations of fingers in the Selkup language. The aim of the study is to reveal the part of the Selkup worldview comprised in the lexical units under study. The authors systematize the variants of nominations of fingers as well as identify linguistic and cultural principles for nomination while studying the etymology of nomination of a finger in general and carrying out the component and comparative analyses of the nominations of particular fingers of a hand. The findings of linguistic analyses are supported by the cultural data. The conducted research showed that there are 6 principles of nominations of fingers in the Selkup language; they are size, function, location and the absence of particular characteristics that may serve as basis for nomination. It was also found out that there are sacred principles of nomination which are connected with the personification of mythic primal forefathers of the Selkup in fingers. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n3s2p448


Harnessing entanglement as a resource is the main workhorse of many quantum protocols, and establishing the degree of quantum correlations of quantum states is an important certification process that has to take place prior to any implementations of these quantum protocols. The emergence of photodetectors known as photon-number-resolving detectors (PNRDs) that allow for accounting of photon numbers simultaneously arriving at the detectors has led to the need for modeling accurately and applying them for use in the certification process. Here we study the variance of difference of photocounts (VDP) of two PNRDs, which is one measure of quantum correlations, under the effects of loss and saturation. We found that it would be possible to distinguish between the classical correlation of a two-mode coherent state and the quantum correlation of a twin-beam state within some photo count regime of the detector. We compare the behavior of two such PNRDs. The first for which the photocount statistics follow a binomial distribution accounting for losses, and the second is that of Agarwal, Vogel, and Sperling for which the incident beam is first split and then separately measured by ON/OFF detectors. In our calculations, analytical expressions are derived for the variance of difference where possible. In these cases, Gauss' hypergeometric function appears regularly, giving an insight to the type of quantum statistics the photon counting gives in these PNRDs. The different mechanisms of the two types of PNRDs leads to quantitative differences in their VDP.


OBJECTIVE To detect the acute toxicity of Cichorium glandulosum Boiss.et Huet aqueous extracts(MS), and to research the protective effect of MS on acute liver injury mice induced by D-GaIN, BCG+LPS and ANIT. METHODS The mice were randomly divided into the treatment group and the normal group in acute toxicity test. The mortality, changes of the body weigh and feed intake of animals were measured. After 14 d, all mice were killed and grossly anatomized, then the internal organs were observed. Liver-protective experiment: Mice were divided into normal group, model group, positive drug group, the low and high dose groups of MS(0.13, 0.26 g·kg). Acute liver injury mice mode1 were induced by D-GaIN, BCG+LPS and ANIT. Then blood from eyeball was used to examine level of serum ALT, AST, TBIL and DBIL. The 1iver index was determined. And the pathologic section of the 1iver was stained for HE expression. RESULTS Acute toxicity test in mice to the single dose of maximum dose of 150 g·kg without death and other acute toxicity reaction. In D-GaIN induced chemical liver injury model, MS significantly reduced D-GaIN induced ALT, AST and TBIL at 0.26 g·kg(P<0.05 or P<0.01). In the immune liver injury mode, MS significantly (P<0.01)reduced BCG+LPS induced ALT, AST at 0.13 and 0.26 g·kg, but had no influence on TBIL. In the model of jaundice induced liver injury, MS significantly reduced ANIT induced ALT, AST, TBIL and DBIL at 0.26 g·kg(P<0.01). In addition, MS significantly reduced TBIL and DBIL at 0.13 g·kg(P<0.01). Pathologic examination showed liver injury had significantly improved in each treatment groups. CONCLUSION There are not exist the acute toxicity of MS in treatment mice with maximum dose 150 g·kg. And, MS has a protective effect on acute liver injury.


Morality doesn't oppose all benefits; on the contrary, benefit is the foundation of morality. Both justice and benefit have the aspect of conflict with each other; meanwhile, have the aspect of harmonization and agreement. The conflict of justice and benefit is the conflict between justice and filthy justice; the harmonization between justice and benefit means the justice promotes the rightful benefit. Under the socialist market economic condition, it is necessary to harmonize the relation between justice and benefit and establish the socialist outlook of justice and benefit that puts the benefit of the people and the state in the first place; meanwhile, fully respects the citizen's lawful benefit.


Training of beginners is characterized by a variety of means and methods, a wide application of exercises from various sports. It is advisable to build up the movement of athletes in the initial training process using a wide range of preparatory exercises in order to prevent the formation of technically incorrect stable motor skills. This approach is the basis for improving athletes in the first stages of many years of preparation [9]. The problem of finding general preparatory exercises with the aim of effectively influencing the development of physical qualities of beginners, mastering the technique of the sport, and the optimal balance of general and special physical training at each stage of long-term training of athletes is relevant.


operative hysteroscopes with an outside diameter of 5 mm, have allowed performing outpatient in-office surgical procedures without the need of anesthesia premedication. The concept of "see and treat" has since then become cultural heritage of the endoscopists gynecologists, spreading worldwide. Through the use of mechanical instruments of 5 Fr with mono and bipolar electrodes, the gynecologist has been treating an increasing number of intrauterine pathology. The introduction in the market of a miniresectoscope of 16 Fr with continuous flow has broadened the indications and therapeutic options again. All this has also achieved a clear reduction in discomfort and decreased recovery time of surgical patients who were previously undergoing resectoscopic surgical procedures, further assuming clear economic savings. The number of gynecologists who decide to treat patients in an outpatient setting is still too low and the reasons may be due to the high cost of the equipment and the need for properly trained personnel. Certainly, many have started their hysteroscopic activity without adequate theoretical and practical training, based solely on what they have observed from other colleagues or from reading books or some scientific work in the absence of qualified training, ideal for overcoming the "self phenomenon ". The opportunity provided by this Newsletter represents an optimal platform to increase the knowledge base and the dissemination of the latest developments in terms of technology, techniques and clinical indications of hysteroscopic procedures. All this effort has the only goal of allowing everyone to share experiences and knowledge and to create a valid support for the formation of new hysteroscopists. The simple language, as well as the immediate hysteroscopic patterns that can be transmitted and confronted worldwide in this Newletter, represent an invaluable instrument of education for all.


We present an analysis of the extended emission around the anomalous X-ray pulsar 1E 1547.0−5408 using four XMM-Newton observations taken with the source in varying states of outburst as well as in quiescence. We find that the extended emission flux is highly variable and strongly correlated with the flux of the magnetar. Based on this result, as well as on spectral and energetic considerations, we conclude that the extended emission is dominated by a dust-scattering halo and not a pulsar wind nebula (PWN), as has been previously argued. We obtain an upper limit on the 2–10 keV flux of a possible PWN of 4.7 × 10−14 erg s−1 cm−2, three times less than the previously claimed value, implying an efficiency for conversion of spin-down energy into nebular luminosity of <9 × 10−4 (assuming a distance of 4 kpc). We do, however, find strong evidence for X-ray emission from the supernova remnant shell surrounding the pulsar, as previously reported.


Scant power consumption, high-speed behavior of Domino logic has made it one of the most reliable circuit building logic among all the circuit building logics in VLSI. Though domino logic helps in reduction of power consumption and propagation delay to a certain extent, it fails to reduce both simultaneously. The reduction of either of them increases the other simultaneously. Thus, the paper proposes "Inconstant threshold keeper and footer mirror (ITKFM)" technique for Dominos logic gates which reduces the power consumption without violating the propagation delay of the circuits. Using ITKFM approach the inconstant threshold voltage to keeper transistor is provided by employing body bias generator which further reduces the contention current, the technique also provides a footer mirror transistor for reduction of sub-threshold leakage and prevention of possible short circuits. These two features of ITKFM technique helps in consumption power reduction without deteriorating propagation delay of the domino logic gate. Thus, using ITKFM technique power consumption of about 64% was reduced in comparison with conventional domino circuit. The simulation results were obtained for CMOS 22nm device scaling with a power supply of 1 Volt


A proficiency testing scheme of ultrasonic testing of welding joints in steel structure organized by a third part unit has been introduced.A Z-score testing procedure was applied to evaluate the 92 pieces of PT samples,with the investigation of influence factors on the results as well.


The paper reviews the incidence of pertussis, immunization tactics and diagnostic methods in 8 countries in the European Region in 2001–2016. The surveyed countries were selected based on the  incidence of whooping cough: high, relatively high, medium and low. The results obtained showed that the reduction in the incidence of  whooping cough is typical for those European countries where the  immunization against pertussis regimen includes additional  revaccinations of preschool and pregnant women, as well as when coverage of the primary vaccination series exceeds 95%. With the growth of inapparent and not typical forms of the course of whooping  cough, the use of only the bacteriological method of diagnosis does not show the true morbidity.


In order to improve the asphalt pavement compaction quality,based on asphalt pavement compaction mechanism,the paper analyzes factors influencing asphalt pavement compaction quality,and explores measures of improving asphalt pavement compaction effect,with a view to provide some guidance for practice.


The theory of QFT(Quantitative Feedback Theory) and its development were introduced,and its design traits,basic principles and design processing were summarized.Several explanations about QFT designing were brought forward.Finally,a QFT controller was designed for some NC feed system as an example.The simulation results are satisfactory,showing that the QFT is an effective tool for numerical control feed control system design.


Experimental measurements of the diffusion constant for ultrasonic waves (around 3 MHz) propagating in water through a scattering slab (parallel metallic rods) are presented. Sample thickness is around ten times the transport mean free path. Several hundreds of transmitting/receiving positions, 40 mm off the sample surfaces, are used. Focused beamforming is achieved in emission and reception in order to mimic a set of virtual sources and receivers located at the sample surface. The ensemble average of the transmitted intensity $\left\langle{I(x,t) }\right\rangle$ is estimated by averaging over all possible couples of sources/receivers apart by the same off-axis distance x. Under the diffusion approximation, $\left\langle{ I(x,t)}\right\rangle$ shows a gaussian dependence on x, which makes it possible to measure a diffusion constant D and thereby characterize the scattering medium. We discuss the experimental results and pinpoint the difficulties of measuring a reliable value for D on a real sample. As it was observed in previous works on the mean free path, the diffusion constant D strongly depends on frequency, due to the resonant nature of the scatterers.


In order to improve the traffic efficiency of public transportation, alleviate the urban traffic congestion and improve the overall traffic efficiency. On the one hand, this paper proposed a method for identifying bus vehicles with signal priority based on video detectors, which solved the shortcomings of current GPS signal priority control methods such as inaccurate GPS positioning, unstable wireless communication transmission signals, and high construction costs. On the other hand, the algorithm logic of bus signal priority control was proposed. The algorithm took average passenger delay as the optimization index, realizes the signal priority of bus at urban intersections. At the same time, considered reducing the negative impact of public transport signal priority on non-priority social vehicles. Finally, the simulation test of actual urban intersection cases was carried out by using VISSIM micro simulation software. The simulation results showed that, compared with the traditional signal control method, considered the bus signal priority signal timing scheme can effectively reduce the average passenger delay and vehicle queue length, and further improve the traffic efficiency of the intersection.


A method is presented which makes possible the determination of the critical resolved shear stress, τc, for dislocation movement in a crystal. The method is based on the analysis of dislocation rosettes which are generated either by microindentation, or by precipitates of a second phase. The method does not require a knowledge of the indentation (or precipitate) stress field; it requires only information on the positions of a set of leading dislocation loops. At once one can also obtain the effective indentation stress field and, for the first time, the precipitate stress field. For illustration, the method is applied to the determination of τc in silicon, using both indentation and precipitate dislocation rosettes. The value of τc thus obtained varies from a low of 3×107 dyn/cm2 in oxygen‐free samples to a high of 5.5×108 dyn/cm2 in a sample containing ∼2×1018 atoms/cm3 of oxygen with clustering. The SiO2 precipitate stress field in the present case was found to vary as x−1, suggesting that the precipita...


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
The transorbital approach varies by the extent of bony removal and the target. Orbital rim-sparing transorbital approach with removal of only the orbit's posterior wall provides optimal cosmetic results, without the need for reconstruction. The size of this corridor, limited by the medial globe retraction, has not yet been defined and is difficult to determine in cadavers because of postmortem tissue desiccation. By using patient-specific models in virtual reality, precise areas and degrees of surgical freedom (AOF and DOF, respectively) provided by globe retraction were calculated. These measurements define a potential maximum safe AOF and DOF, as well as the globe retraction, needed to achieve a sufficient surgical corridor.

METHODS
Using a virtual reality system, transorbital rim-preserving craniectomies were performed. The axial and sagittal DOF as well as AOF were calculated lateral to the globe, limited by the orbital rim and globe, with an anterior clinoid target. The DOFs and AOFs were calculated for each degree of medial globe retraction and analyzed using paired t tests.

RESULTS
With only 5 mm of retraction, the AOF was 886 mm2, while at 10 mm, the AOF was 1546 mm2. This increase between 5 and 10 mm allowed for the largest increase in surgical working corridor (P = .02). At 15 mm of retraction (previously studied point at which intraocular pressure raises), the AOF averaged 2189 mm2 and axial DOF averaged 23.1°. Eighteen DOF (a previously studied point needed to achieve sufficient working space for 2 instruments) was achieved at 11 mm on average, generating 1675 mm2 AOF.

CONCLUSION
Globe retraction of 11 mm is needed to achieve sufficient DOF for 2 surgical instruments, and 15 mm of retraction is a conservative limit that provides comparable AOFs with similar cranial approaches.


In California Maritime Archaeology, L. Mark Raab and his co-authors set out with the goal of synthesizing the prehistory of San Clemente Island and relating this record to several "hot-button" topics of maritime and coastal archaeology. The choice of the word "maritime" in the title is central to their overall guiding argument: that coastal and island settings have unfairly been regarded as backward, out of the way portions of the North American continent which only saw true cultural development late in prehistory. They argue to the contrary that the record of the Channel Islands, especially San Clemente Island, demonstrates that sophisticated and complex hunter-gatherers have used the Southern Channel Islands for over 9,000 years. In developing this argument the authors examine the island's record in relation to several key measures of complexity and, in the process, regularly reject traditional models of cultural development based on the available evidence.


In this paper, the Hausdorff dimensions of level sets described by two kinds of moving averages are determined. The dissimilar results complement the work of Pfaffelhuber [Moving shift averages for ergodic transformation, Metrika22 (1975) 97–101] and del Junco and Steele [Moving averages of ergodic processes, Metrika24 (1977) 35–43], and reveal simultaneously that the two moving averages are of different convergence processes in the ergodic theory.


This paper deals with global synchronization in arrays of coupled delayed neural networks with delayed coupling. Through employing Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional and Kronecker product technique, one novel synchronization criterion is presented in terms of linear matrix inequalities(LMIs) based on the integral inequality and convex combination, in which the condition is dependent not only on lower and upper bounds but also on delay derivative. Through employing Matlab LMI Toolbox and adjusting some matrix parameters in the derived results, we can realize the design and applications of the addressed coupled systems. The applicability of the proposed methods can be demonstrated by one numerical example with simulations.


Provided is a nitrile copolymer rubber obtained by emulsion polymerization using 2,2,4,6,6-pentamethylheptane-4-thiol as a chain transfer agent, the pH of the polymer being 8.5 or below. The pH of the polymer is preferably 8.0 or below. According to the present invention, there can be provided a nitrile copolymer rubber which gives a crosslinked rubber of excellent heat resistance and resistance to compression permanent strain.


The montane forests of northeastern Brazil are patches of rainforests, surrounded by xeric vegetation, that originated during the expansion of rainforests in the Pleistocene epoch. Their historical processes make these areas ideal for biogeographical investigations of organisms, particularly in groups with low dispersion and habitat specificity, such as scorpions. We perform a macroecological investigation of the community assembly process of scorpions, disentangling the pattern of β-diversity to test the hypothesis that the similarity in the composition of scorpion fauna in areas of montane forests and coastal rainforests is greater when these localities are geographically close. We also investigated if larger patches of montane forests exhibit a positive species–area relationship. Our results state that species replacement accounts for 71% of the total scorpion β-diversity in montane forest remnants. Additionally, scorpion assemblages were influenced by the spatial arrangement, with a higher similarity between the fauna of montane forests and coastal forests when these areas were geographically close. We did not find a species–area relationship in montane forest patches. The expressive contribution of species replacement to the overall β-diversity may reflect both the high environmental heterogeneity and the historical and independent colonization events that took place in these areas.


This study analyzed the uses of external representations presented in the matter units of the 7-grade science digital textbooks developed under the 2015 revised national curriculum. The level, form, presentation, and interactivity of external representations presented in 5 types of digital textbooks were analyzed. As for the level, the macroscopic level of representations was mainly presented. The macroscopic level and microscopic level of representations were presented together in the particle description. As for the form, visual-verbal and visual-nonverbal representations were usually presented across the board. Very few audial-verbal and audial-nonverbal representations were presented. Visual-verbal and audial-verbal representations were mostly presented in formal form, and visual-nonverbal representations were mostly presented in illustration without movement. The presentation of representations was analyzed in three aspects. First, visual-verbal and visual-nonverbal representations were mainly presented together and none of audial-verbal and visual-nonverbal representations were presented together. When the representations of the audial-verbal, visual-nonverbal, and visual-verbal were presented together, some of the information presented in audial-verbal representations was repeatedly presented in the visual-verbal representations. Second, audial-nonverbal representations not related to learning content were presented along with other representations. Third, there were few cases of arranging visual-verbal and visual-nonverbal representations on the next pages. Audialverbal and visual-nonverbal representations were always presented synchronized. As for the interactivity, the manipulation level was mainly presented in the main area, and the feedback level was mainly presented in the activity area. The adaptation level and the communication level of interactivity were presented very few. Based on the results, the implications for the direction of constructing digital textbooks were discussed.


Rarely can a general election result have been forecast with greater certainty. Opinion polls throughout the Parliament recorded unprecedented levels of support for Labour. In more than 200 polls conducted between the 1997 and 2001 elections, Labour's lead over the Conservatives averaged 19 percentage points. Only for a brief period, during the row over the fuel tax in September 2000, were the Conservatives able to claw back Labour's lead. The contrast between the two party leaders was even greater: Hague's satisfaction ratings were invariably negative and a majority of survey respondents still regarded the Conservatives as unelectable. Labour had, in fact, been performing less well in real elections. Contests for the Scottish Parliament and Welsh Assembly, as well as European and local elections all questioned Labour dominance (Brown, 1999; Broughton, 1999; Cowling, 1999; Railings and Thrasher, 1999; Bradbury etai, 2000; Butler and Westlake, 2000). But there was no escaping the aftermath of 1997 and the electoral arithmetic that followed the post-war record swing of 10.2% against the Conservatives. The distribution of bias within the electoral system meant that to have any chance of beating Labour the Conservatives had to do rather more than simply be ahead in the popular vote (Johnston et a\., 2001). Had the two main parties won an equality of votes in 2001 (37%) a uniform swing would still have resulted in a Labour overall majority of 23 seats. A bare Conservative majority required more than a 10-point lead over Labour in the popular vote.


The invention discloses a bathroom mirror mist and water removing device. The device comprises a positioning suction cup, wherein the positioning suction cup is provided with a connecting rotating shaft; the connecting rotating shaft is provided with a water scraping turning arm; a scraping blade adhesive strip and a spring strip are arranged between the water scraping turning arm and bathroom mirror glass in turn; and the scraping blade adhesive strip is attached to the surface of the bathroom mirror glass. Through the device, the mist and the water on the surface of a mirror are removed by controlling a rotary water scraping adhesive strip; and the device is convenient to use and has good mist and water removing effect.


Artificial Intelligence-based universal language translation system allows users in the Metaverse to better communicate with each other. Meta points to construct an all-inclusive dialect interpretation framework to permit clients to relate to others within the Metaverse without stressing almost dialect obstructions. Zuckerberg uncovered that Meta is working on building an AI-powered "all-inclusive discourse interpreter" for the Metaverse that will work for everybody within the advanced world. This venture points to streamline clients intelligent who speak distinctive dialects within the computerised universe with the assistance of AI. This paper will consider how virtual realities can affect and affect language learning. On the one hand, virtual realities could benefit people trying to learn second languages by providing virtual experiences that we could share with people who speak other languages. We could learn from other people, and they could learn from us, by "total immersion" in such shared experiences. On the other hand, virtual realities could remove the motivation from many people to learn second languages at all by providing nearly simultaneous. These two views will be argued further


The issue of religious tolerance is increasingly raised in a globalized world with societies becoming more and more religiously diverse and inhomogeneous. Religious tolerance can be defined as the practice of accepting others as acting in accordance with their religious belief system. Philosophers have recently begun to study more thoroughly the relationship between religious pluralism and religious (in)tolerance with a main focus on the epistemic question of whether the recognition of and reflection on religious pluralism might lead to greater religious tolerance. The major thrust of this idea is that any genuine reflection of a person about her epistemic peers adhering to other religions will weaken the person's epistemic justificatory basis for believing that her own religious beliefs are better warranted than the religious beliefs of her peers.
The rational consequence of the recognition of this justificatory fact, in turn, should lead to more religious tolerance and to a weakened dismissive attitude towards adherents of other religions. The main aim of this paper is to investigate the plausibility of this account against the background of existing empirical, in particular psychological literature: Does increased contact with adherents of other religious traditions indeed lead to more tolerance? How are we able to show a deeper understanding for people with different religious beliefs and to take on—at least partially—their perspective? What are potential psychological obstacles to these achievements? Resources from research on intergroup toleration, social identity-theories, developmental psychology and personality traits will be used for tackling these questions. This shall help to broaden the so far rather narrow epistemic philosophical perspective on religious pluralism and (in)tolerance by embedding it into the larger context of constitutive traits of the human psyche.


Aseptic inflammation is the main factor causing aseptic loosening of artificial joints. Studies have shown that inflammatory cells can activate STING (stimulator of interferon genes, STING) after being stressed. This study aims to explore the specific mechanism of STING in aseptic loosening of artificial joints, and provide new strategies for disease prevention.Titanium particles with a diameter of 1.2-10 μm were prepared to stimulate macrophages (RAW 264.7) to simulate the periprosthetic microenvironment. A lentiviral vector targeting the STING gene was designed and transfected into macrophages to construct a cell line targeting STING knockdown. The expression and secretion levels of TNF-α were detected by qPCR and ELISA, the activation levels of inflammatory pathways (NF-κB, IRF3, etc.) were detected by western blot, and the nucleus translocation of P65 and IRF3 was observed by cellular immunofluorescence.After titanium particles stimulated macrophages, qPCR and ELISA showed that the transcription and secretion levels of TNF-α were significantly increased. Western blot showed that titanium particle stimulation could increase the phosphorylation levels of NF-κB and IRF3 pathways. While knockdown of STING can significantly reduce titanium particle-induced TNF production, attenuate the activation levels of NF-κB and IRF3 pathways as well as the nucleus translocation of P65 and IRF3.Conclusions: STING positively regulates the level of inflammation in macrophages induced by titanium particles, and targeted inhibition of STING can reduce inflammation, which may delay the progression of aseptic loosening of artificial joints.


Unceasingly develop and the thorough development along with the software system, the use of middleware become more and more, they mutually affect by the complex way. These middle wares, because of the complex of the origin, are not extremely credible. So, before using these middlewares, we must understand the security feature of them, for instance, the secret data cannot be leaked in the network. But, it is very difficult to confirm that these middlewares can have good security feature. The paper designs the encapsulations, which let these middlewares run under secure environment, and it provides the control of good granularity among the middle wares, the middleware and other system resources. The main part of this paper is to research the expression methods of the encapsulations, through these methods we give the security and verify it. This paper uses box-pi calculus to describe several kinds of encapsulations, and discuss the security which each kind of encapsulation could guarantee.


An injection device (100) is provided for the injection with a syringe (50) into an organism (1), comprising a guide means (10) which is adapted for receiving the syringe (50), wherein an injection needle (51) and a syringe body (52) of the syringe (50) having a Vorschubbewegeung to or retracting movement of the body (1) relative to the guide means (10) are movable, and actuating means (20) with which the injection syringe (50) coupled and to actuation of the syringe (50) for injection of an injectable substance in the organism (1) is arranged, wherein the actuating means (20) comprises an actuator (21) which forms a stop for a piston device (53) of the syringe (50) on the guide device (10) such that the piston means (53) during the retraction movement relatively to the injection needle (51) and the Spritzenk body (52) running opposite relative motion.


Occult lymph metastasis is an important prognosticator for the treatment of early oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The objective of this study was to evaluate the prognostic significance of tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in early oral tongue SCC. The combination of the TIL subtype and intermediate‐ or high‐grade budding scores was investigated as a prognostic marker for occult neck metastases.


The height profiles of rain drop size distribution have been studied to understand the role of the vertical drift velocity in the atmospheric boundary layer in changing drop number densities at different heights during convective rain events. The observations with a micro rain radar (MRR) over Kolkata, a tropical location, of rain events pertaining to the period of 2011–15 have been analyzed. A prominent dip in radar reflectivity profiles has been observed near the boundary layer at high rain rates. The results indicate break-up of rain drops into smaller sizes around 2 km height due to strong downdrafts during convective events.


A 46-year-old man, previously healthy, developed a hemiparesis in April 1976. He smoked 40 cigarettes daily and drank alcohol heavily. He had a dense left hemiparesis, slight hepatomegaly, and was normotensive. Computerised axial tomography showed no intracranial abnormality. A mild initial liver dysfunction returned rapidly to normal. Cerebral thrombosis and alcohol-induced liver dysfunction were diagnosed. After 11 days he developed calf vein thrombosis (confirmed by venography) and a small pulmonary embolism (on lung scan). He was treated with heparin and warfarin, and was discharged on warfarin after six weeks. Thereafter he smoked 15 cigarettes daily and took little alcohol. When in hospital his blood picture was repeatedly normal (table). The next blood count, five months later, showed a strikingly raised packed cell volume, haemoglobin, and red cell count, and the abnormalities have persisted for over one year (table). Red cell indices, white cell count, serum urate and sodium concentrations, and blood pressure remained constant.


To improve a botanical garden in the Universidade de Ijuí area, a diagnostic on the general situation of the campus including all tree species identification was done. The area was divided in 10 areas to represent all the brazilian ecosystems, being used roads and other artificial and natural barriers to isolate them. The influence of the human occupation in the area was also studied. Up to april this year the (when the diagnostic was finished) the situation in the campus was: ca. 9956 (0,02 tree/ shrubs / m ); species found: ca. 120; native species found: ca. 91; exotic species: ca. 29; without identification: ca. 26; illegal waste deposition: ca. 06; illegal debris deposit: ca. 07; erosion and sedimentation problems: ca. 08. The Arroio Geografia dike is increasing the environmental problems in the area.


Objective To explore the expression and significance of Survivin and caspase-3 in osteosarcoma.Methods Survivin and caspase-3 expressions were observed in 95 cases of osteosarcoma and 45 cases of benign bone neoplasm by EnVision immunohistochemical staining.Results The positive expression rates of Survivin in osteosarcoma were higher than that of benign bone neoplasm,and Caspase-3 expression in osteosarcoma Survivin expression case was significantly lower than in Survivin expression negative cases.The expression of Survivin and caspase-3 had a significant difference between soft tissue invasion and Ennecking stages(P0.01).Conclusions The expression of Survivin and caspase-3 in osteosarcoma is up-regulated,indicating they may play important roles in development and predicting the prognosis of osteosarcoma.


Optical stimulated luminescence is important in mineral research,age measure of gelogical specimen and archaeology.However how to carry out the high-speed data communication of apparatus and computer is the key step.The protocol of EPP and the design of interface circuit were proposed in this paper.The EPP circuit was approved work perfectly and fitted with requirement by experiment.


A discussion of various methods for angle and length measurement is presented with special reference to new methods used in the HP 3810A Total Station and the AGA 700 Geodimeter. It is shown that a microprocessor-based surveying system capable of automatic data acquisition and processing can be built using a simple hybrid coding pattern for both length and angle marking.


Ambiguities are identified in HALLWOOD's [1994] explanation of the existence of the multinational firm. Hallwood argues that internalization theory contains two critical implicit assumptions. The first of these is non-existent, and the second has been presented in a potentially misleading way. By appearing to draw a clear distinction between measurement costs and transaction costs, Hallwood obscures the important issue of information asymmetry and search costs in final product markets.


I. Defining Wife-Initiated Divorce ................................................................................. 23 II. A Judaic Chronology of Wife-Initiated Divorce .................................................... 24 A. Rabbinic Era (70–620 CE) ............................................................................ 24 B. Geonic Era (620–1050 CE) ........................................................................... 27 C. Era of the Rishonim (1050–1400 CE) ......................................................... 31 III. An Islamic Chronology of Wife-Initiated Divorce ............................................... 34 A. Legal Circles (610–750 CE) ........................................................................... 34 B. Professionalization of Legal Schools (800–1050 CE) ............................... 37 C. Consolidation (1050–1400 CE) ..................................................................... 42 IV. Disenchanting the Orthodox Narratives ................................................................ 44 A. Reevaluating Causal Influence ...................................................................... 47 B. Giving Voice to the Geonim ......................................................................... 50 C. Which Context? ............................................................................................... 52 V. An Interwoven Narrative of Wife-Initiated Divorce ............................................. 54 A. Antiquity and Late Antiquity (up to 800 CE) ............................................. 54 B. Medieval Era (800–1400 CE) ........................................................................ 57 C. Speculating on the Interwoven Narrative ................................................... 59 Conclusions ........................................................................................................................ 61


Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) has gained increased interest due to its robustness against multipath interference and high spectrum efficiency. OFDM is a suitable candidate for high data rate transmission with forward error correction (FEC) methods over wireless channels. In this paper, the system throughput of a working OFDM system has been enhanced by channel coding technique like Reed Solomon code& Turbo Code. Forward Error Correcting codes are a new class of codes that can achieve exceptional error performance and energy efficiency at low signal-to-noise ratio. The simulation is made with the development of Models in the SIMULINK & computer program written in MATLAB source code on the random data under additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel. The simulation results of estimated Bit error rate (BER) show that the implementation of RS code with 1⁄2 rated under QPSK modulation technique is highly effective to combat inherent interference in the communication system.For decoding of Turbo code, MAP decoding algorithm is used. In case of Turbo code BER performance is substantially improved by increasing number of iterations used in the decoding process.


of Dissertation presented to PEI/UFBA as a partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science (M.Sc.) ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF CONCENTRATING SOLAR THERMAL POWER IN THE SEMI-ARID REGION OF BAHIA


Low-temperature (LT) passivation methods (< 450oC) for decreasing defect densities in the material combination of silica (SiOx) and silicon (Si) are relevant to develop a diverse technology (e.g. electronics, photonics, medicine), where defects of SiOx/Si cause losses and malfunctions. Many device structures contain the SiOx/Si interface(s), of which defect densities cannot be decreased by the traditional, beneficial high temperature treatment (> 700oC). Therefore, the LT passivation of SiOx/Si has been, since long, a research topic to improve applications performance. Here, we demonstrate that a LT (< 450oC) ultrahigh-vacuum (UHV) treatment is a potential method that can be combined with current state-of-the-art processes in a scalable way, to decrease the defect densities at the SiOx/Si interfaces. The studied LT-UHV approach includes a combination of wet chemistry followed by UHV-based heating and pre-oxidation of silicon surfaces. The controlled oxidation during the LT-UHV treatment is found to provide an until now not reported crystalline Si oxide phase. This crystalline SiOx phase can explain the observed decrease in the defect density by halve. Furthermore, the LT-UHV treatment can be applied in a complementary, post-treatment way to ready components to decrease electrical losses. The LT-UHV treatment has been found to decrease the detector leakage current by factor of two.


In this paper,a new image fusion algorithm based on wavelet transform is presented.The source images are decomposed by using wavelet transform respectively.Aiming at the coefficients of low frequency and high frequency,this algorithm chooses a different rule to fuse the image.To the low frequency,the least mean square error is selected as the scheme;to the high frequency,the weighted regional energy ratio is selected as the guide.The experimental results show that the presented method has better visual quality and objective evaluation criteria and can obtain quite good fused image.The experimental results demonstrate that the fused image obtained by proposed method has best effect,and the proposed fusion scheme is superior to the other algorithms mentioned in this paper.


Abstract : In the analysis and design of missile control systems, it is necessary to describe the various dynamic phenomena which contribute to over-all system performance. The sloshing of fuel in missile tankage is one of the necessary dynamic considerations. The purpose of the report is to describe a digital computer routine employed for the determination of the effect of fluid sloshing on missile dynamics. An outline was prepared in order to facilitate the use of this computer program. A summary in part of the results obtained in a theoretical study of sloshing precedes a description of the computer solution. In conclusion an outline is presented for the preparation of information needed for computer solution of the sloshing problem, accompanied by an example input data sheet. (Author)


Since the seminal work of Chandler (1962), the notion of a linkage between strategy and structure has become widely accepted that is, if an organization is to implement its strategy most effectively, it needs the appropriate structure and support systems. At the same time, it needs the flexibility to exploit strategic options that arise from environmental changes. However, at least in the short run, a firm cannot easily change its organizational structure, and this may be a major impediment to its ability to change its strategy. In an increasingly globally integrated world, firms attempting to become major players in their industry need to cope with and exploit environmental changes and adjust their organizational structure to create what Bartlett and Ghoshal ( 1 989) termed "transnational" organizations. In other words, firms need to be able simultaneously to achieve local responsiveness, global efficiency, and the creation of knowledge (learning). Chandler based his conclusions on a study of four of the largest corporations in the United States General Motors, Dupont, Standard Oil, and Sears Roebuck of which only Sears Roebuck was a service organization. Indeed, much of the literature on both the strategy of multinational firms and organizational structure has emanated from studies of large and powerful manufacturing firms, notwithstanding the ever-increasing importance of large multinational firms in service industries. While some of these service industries have more in common with MNEs producing goods, others are quite different. The purpose of this paper is to explore the effects of globalization on the organizational structures and systems of service firms in general, and professional service firms in particular. The paper postulates certain relationships between key success factors in multinational professional service firms and the structure and systems of these firms. The resulting propositions help provide the basis for a contingency theory of organizational structure and systems. In the first section, some of the contributions to organization design theory and to organizational taxonomies are briefly surveyed. In the second section, some of the relevant theories on the organizational structure of multinational


The main aspects of changes in the organization of the police in the early 1920s have been revealed. At that time there was a complex, controversial, but quite consistent formation process of the police in Ukraine as a law enforcement agency. Significant changes in the organization of the police have been noted. The functions of the police and criminal investigation were separated, which, as time proved, was a mistake. In 1923, there were changes in the structure of the police, closely related to the administrative reform in the republic. County and parish police departments were replaced by circute and district police departments. The expansion of circutes and districts had led to a corresponding expansion and strengthening of local police departments, which was positive. The number of police in 1921–1923 decreased by 20 times, which had led to negative consequences. The qualification of many police officers was low, they lacked basic literacy. In the early 1920s, the issue of further development and structure of the police, centralization and decentralization of its bodies was not sufficiently resolved. The issue of the relationship between the police and other public and private bodies was also not settled. Training in the police was not organized, the use of technical means in its activities lagged behind. However, in 1923 a number of important legal acts regulating the organization and activities of the police were adopted. These are, first of all, the Rules of Service and the Police Disciplinary Statute. In the first of the named documents, it was stated that persons who joined the police and investigation service are considered civil servants. This was of significant importance for raising the social status of police officers. According to their official status and type of activity, police and detective workers were divided into the following categories: a) regular staff, which was subdivided into command staff of the police, detectives and police officers; b) political staff; c) administrative staff; d) clerical staff; and e) non-staff personnel. The Police Disciplinary Statute was a new type of departmental legal act. It was the first to define the concept of police discipline. Incentive for integrity and strict liability for violation of official duties by police officers were foreseen. Serious violations, which were qualified as criminal offences, entailed judicial responsibility for the police officer.


In this study we suggest a chronology of the classical business cycle in Switzerland. To this end we use two approaches: the approach of Artis et al. (2004) and an approach based on Markov-switching models (Hamilton, 1989). Our results show that similar conclusions can be reached by applying the two methodologies. Another result is that the chronology obtained displays high concordance with the chronology derived for the Euro Area by the CEPR Business Cycle Dating Committee. A further contribution of our study is that we determine the sensitivity of the chronology obtained with respect to a particular GDP vintage used. For this purpose we employ the real-time database that contains 53 vintages of GDP data starting from 1997Q4 until 2010Q4. The main result of this robustness exercise is that the chronology obtained is stable across different vintages, although some minor differences across vintages can be detected.


During his lifetime, President Ho Chi Minh once said "an ignorant nation is a weak nation", which has shown the importance of education and training. In order to develop education and training, people are the decisive factor, regardless of male or female. Besides, he paid special attention to how to promote the role of women in all areas of social life, including the field of education. Inheriting and applying his ideology, the Party and State of Vietnam always focus on promoting the role of women in the field of education and training, which is considered this one of the strategic tasks to build and develop the country in the current period.


The Erhai Lake is an extant production base of Yunnan province for aquatic products.Due to the environment and fishery pattern change,the fish fauna of the Erhai Lake are varied.How about the status? How about the fish community structure and its distribution? There are less typical reports till now.This study investigated species composition and abundance of fish at 21 sites in the Erhai Lake for two times in August and November 2009,respectively.The fish nets for each station at about 5:00 pm on the first day and harvested at 5:00 am on the second day.Three samples were conducted at each site for each sampling.Species composition and number of individuals,sampling time,environment factor,latitude and longitude of the sampling site,types of nets were recorded.The fishes were identified and classified.The data were analyzed and interpreted with diversity index(Shannon-Wiener index;Pielou index),similarity coefficient(Sorenson index;Bray-Curtis index) and various multivariate statistical methods(CLUSTER;MDS;ANOSIM;SIMPER).The results showed there were 23 species,belonging to 5 orders and 9 families.The fish community of Erhai Lake could be divided into three groups: alongshore community(CⅠ),open water community(CⅡ) and upstream community(CⅢ).Analysis of similarity(ANOSIM) and similarity of percentage(SIMPER) showed the differences among these groups were significant(R=0.735,P0.01).The indicator species of CⅠ were Hemiculter leucisculus,Carassius auratus,Pseudorasbora parva,etc.,and their contribution of similarity in CⅠ was 80.71%.The indicator species of CⅡ were Aristichthys nobilis,Hypophthalmichthys molitrix,Megalobrama amblycephala,etc.,and their contribution of similarity in CⅡ was 98.2%.The indicator species of CⅢ were C.auratus,P.parva,Acheilognathus elongates,etc.,and their contribution of similarity in CⅢ was 94.94%.The average contribution of dissimilarity between CⅠ and CⅡ was 76.8%,the discriminating species were H.leucisculus,A.nobilis,P.parva,etc.,and their contribution of dissimilarity was 88.63%.The average contribution of dissimilarity between CⅠ and CⅢ was 54.94%,the discriminating species were H.leucisculus,A.elongates,Abbottina rivularis,etc.,and their contribution of dissimilarity was 78.99%.The average contribution of dissimilarity between CⅡ and CⅢ was 91.62%,the discriminating species were P.parva,H.molitrix,A.nobilis,etc.,and their contribution of dissimilarity was 85.82%.The CⅠ and CⅢ were mainly composed of small sized fishes,and CⅡ was larger ones.In conclusion,the diversity in spatial structure of fish community reflected the environmental heterogeneity in Erhai Lake.


Abstract : This paper examines survey data collected during a prior RAND study, the results of which were published in Hired Guns: Views About Armed Contractors in Operation Iraqi Freedom (Cotton et al., 2010). Its purpose is to derive lessons for how the CEW should be trained and prepared to work in theaters where private security contractors (PSCs) are deployed. The paper is meant to serve as educational material aimed at CEW leaders and CEW personnel to help them understand the challenges of interacting with PSCs and how they might play a role in helping the military coordinate with PSCs. RAND has also collected a variety of data on how the military and U.S. Department of State (DoS) view PSCs, and these data might usefully inform how CEW personnel approach their jobs in theaters where PSCs operate. It is, however, important to make clear at the outset that the experiences of PSCs are not directly applicable to the CEW. Moreover, this paper is not aimed at altering the CEW but, rather, at informing how its personnel are trained to operate in environments that include PSCs. This paper begins by discussing the CEW in greater detail, providing details on CEW positions and the evolution of the CEW concept. The following section provides a short overview of the extent to which PSCs have been employed in U.S. contingency operations in recent years and the tasks that they perform during these operations.


In this work an original circuit model is presented, which furnishes an efficient description of the impedance and of the radiation performance for typical printed-circuit leaky-wave antennas. By considering in particular a junction between slot-coupled feeding and radiating microstrips, we have developed an unconventional equivalent transmission-line formulation, involving the propagation of the dominant mode for the feeding line and of the first higher mode for the radiating line, which is leaky. Various antenna configurations have been tested, and the relevant results have been validated through comparisons with heavier full-wave numerical approaches.


With the recent developments in quantitative risk assessment for noncancer outcomes, dose-response models for developmental toxicity outcomes are being pursued. Among live fetuses, the presence of malformations and reduction in fetal weight are of primary interest. The dose-response relationships are often fit to each of the outcomes separately using appropriate methods to account for clustering due to litter effects. Jointly modeling the outcomes, allowing different relationships with dose while incorporating the correlation between the outcomes and the fetuses, may be more appropriate. We propose modeling the bivariate outcome, malformation (binary) and fetal weight (continuous), where the bivariate correlation and the clustering of fetuses within litters are taken into account. We avoid fully specifying the joint distribution of outcomes within a litter by specifying only the marginal distribution of the bivariate outcome and using generalized estimating equation methodology to account for correlations due to clustering. To characterize joint risk to the fetus for quantitative risk assessment, the bivariate correlation is required and is therefore a focus of inference. Dose-response models and their application to quantitative risk assessment are illustrated using data from a developmental toxicology experiment of ethylene glycol in rats.


The present invention has been designed to inject a coolant at high temperature differences, an apparatus and a method employing a desuperheater with seat ring. Robust design of the present invention provide a high level of flexibility that temperature difference enables operation at higher state between the coolant and the heating fluid. Seat ring of desuperheater are vertical slits are made as divided hollow ring across the circumference of the ring. High level of flexibility is provided by an open slit design, thereby, the seat ring, by reducing the thermal stress, it is possible to withstand severe temperature extremes. Coolant, connected to the seat ring, through the coolant nipple liner specially designed and supplied to the seat ring.


In this paper the material particle moving problem was solved for circular trajectory, included the friction force. The axial-friction dependence was found. The non-conservative work was solved analytically.


Mehdi Yazdanpanah describes how he turned his PhD research into a successful small business, despite starting off with just $500 in his bank account.


Abstract A wealth of experimental findings on how real actors do in fact bargain exists. However, as long as there is no systematic general account of the several experiments bargaining theory remains dominated by axiomatic approaches based on normative requirements or on assumptions of full rather than bounded rationality. Contrary to that, the new axiomatic account of aspiration level balancing in negotiations of boundedly rational actors presented in this paper incorporates experimental findings systematically into economic bargaining theory. It thereby forms a descriptive theory of bargaining that has normative power as well.


Domestic developments since the start of the w a r in Korea now m a k e it plain that w a r t i m e economy wil l be in effect until the threat of communis t aggress ion disappears. A d j u s t m e n t s wil l be essential in the Amer i c an w a y of life. Regard less of part isan political maneuve r ing taxes a r e go ing to rise In prevent ing r u n a w a y inflation. Mate r i a l s and labor in increasing amounts are be ing devoted to defense equipment and supplies. It also is per fect ly obvious that gol f must feet the solid impact of this ad just ment. Golf club off icials and department heads who recall the tardiness and difficulties in proper ly ad j u s t i ng golf to W o r l d W a r I I conditions don't need m a n y reminders of the w isdom of p lanning as f a r and as thoroughly ahead as possible to meet conditions that wil l control the busi ness and p lay ing of the g a m e until the Russ ian menace to w o r l d peace and security vanishes. One trouble of the necessary ad just ment is the f requent turn -over in go l f ' s off icial roster. Compa ra t i v e l y f e w w h o now arrt active in the operat ing of golf clubs had experience wi th the prob lems of golf clubs dur ing the preceding w a r . Bu t G O L F D O M ' s inquiries have b rought fo r th ample evidence that on the operat ing level, especially in course maintenance. gol f clubs a r e p repar ing fo r proceeding in sound condition to meet w a r t i m e requirements, A l m o s t every sectional organizat ion of gol f course superintendents has considered the situation thoughtfu l ly . The extent to which fore sight. can be ef fectively appl ied depends on the finances of the clubs but gett ing equipment and suppl ies fo r w a r t i m e needs Is t ak ing precedence in the p lans Of the ma jor i ty of clubs. Tom Mahan . pro at the Un i t ed Shore CC. Bever ly . Mass. , and pres.. N e w E n g land Section P G A , looks at the present picture f r om the perspective of experi ence. Says M a h a n : " I t w a s jus t about five years a g o that a b ed ragg l ed go l fe r with a synthetic bal l in his hand w a s a s common a sight as that of the numerous boys in un i fo rm w h o had g iven up a peaceful w a y of l i fe f o r one of w a r . N o w w e are f ace to f a c e w i th the same prob lem that w a s ours during the span f r o m 1941 to 1945. " The fact that w e are engaged in a ser ious conflict is be fo re us, and w e cannot ignore it even though many of us wou ld like to. Just as in W o r l d W a r s I and I I and m a n y other w a r s be fo re these, our w a y of l i fe has been attacked. True, this time It has been attacked indirectly but nevertheless it has been attacked. " H o w has the ord inary A m e r i c a n who likes to pack his clubs in his car and set out fo r a p leasant day of gol f reacted to this Korean s i tuat ion? Has he started to jo in the rest of the panic-str icken Amer i cans in the rush to board mater ia l s that m a y be scarce? Has he equ ipment? These and o ther questions like them are the ones that I as a golf profess ional must ponder and answer .


The fresh-keeping effect of tea polyphenols on hairtail fillet with the different concentration under the cold storage(0~4℃) was studied in this paper.It was showed that the pH value,TVB-N value and total bacteria count of hairtail fillet processed by tea polyphenols were much lower than those of the control,and had the high sensory evaluation values.It was also gotten the optimized concentration of tea polyphenols was 6 g/L,which can prolong the shelf life of the hairtail fillet effectively and keep its sensory quality.When compared with the control,the shelf-life of hailtail could be extended at least 3 days.


The invention discloses a large commonly-used hoisting stabilizing device for restraining heavy objects from swinging and rotating. The large commonly-used hoisting stabilizing device comprises a base unit, a main arm unit, a heavy object lifting unit, a heavy object clamping unit and a heavy object stabilizing unit. The bottom of the main arm unit is in hinge joint with the base unit. The heavy object lifting unit and the heavy object stabilizing unit are arranged on the main arm unit. The heavy object clamping unit is connected with the heavy object lifting unit through a heavy object pulling rope. The heavy object stabilizing unit is connected with the heavy object clamping unit through a heavy object stabilizing rope. The heavy object hoisting stability control device disclosed by the invention does not depend on certain specific hoisting equipment, the hoisting stabilizing device can be installed on most of upper air jack-up hoisting equipment for performing stability control over the hoisted heavy objects, and the universality is high. The large commonly-used hoisting stabilizing device is simple in structure, low in manufacturing cost, convenient to operate and high in practicability. The professional requirement for operators is low, and the hoisting stabilizing device can perform heavy object hosting stability control in various complicated environments.


The authors have used ultrahigh vacuum surface science techniques combined with gate mask fabrication and processing to demonstrate improvements in the unity gain cutoff frequency response fT of AlGaN∕GaN high electron mobility transistors compared to standard processing. In situ annealing, nitrogen ion sputtering and annealing, and Ga reflux plus annealing all displayed increased fT response on average. In situ depth-resolved cathodoluminescence spectroscopy of the AlGaN∕GaN interface region reveals changes in GaN near-band edge, 2.2eV, and 2.9eV native defect emissions consistent with the average device performance between process steps and between devices with the same treatment on the same wafer.


Stephen Read (2002, 2006) has recently discussed Bradwardine's theory of truth and defended it as an appropriate way to treat paradoxes such as the liar. In this paper, I discuss Read's formalisation of Bradwardine's theory of truth and provide a class of models for this theory. The models facilitate comparison of Bradwardine's theory with contemporary theories of truth.


The chapter investigates the relationship and trends in tourism-environmental impact studies in research communities for past 10 years. It discusses the various components and categories of the environmental impacts within context to the tourism. To achieve the purpose, a bibliometric study of the Scopus-indexed publications was conducted and analyzed for three themes using the Scopus search-defined parameters. During the search defining parameters, a total of 125, 28, and 88 relevant documents were obtained from the database for the theme, tourism-environmental impact overall studies, tourism-environmental impact and carrying capacity, socio-cultural and perception-based relevant studies, respectively. Based on the results, the authors conclude that there is a significant increase in environmental impact and tourism-related studies in the past 10 years. European countries have a major contribution towards environmental impact and tourism studies as compared to other Asian countries. The technical studies using tools of assessment for environmental impacts and tourism linkages is still insufficient.


M-type hexagonal barium ferrites come in the category of magnetic material that plays a key role in electromagnetic wave propagation in various microwave devices. Due to their large magnetic anisotropy and large magnetization, their operating frequency exceeds above 50 GHz. Doping is a way to vary its magnetic properties to such an extent that its ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) response can be tuned over a broad frequency band. We have done a complete FMR study of rare earth elements neodymium (Nd) and samarium (Sm), with cobalt (Co) as base, doped hexaferrite nanoparticles (NPs). X-ray diffractometry, vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) techniques were used to characterize the microstructure and magnetic properties of doped hexaferrite nanoparticles. Using proper theoretical electromagnetic models, various parameters are extracted from FMR data which play important role in designing and fabricating high-frequency microwave devices.


This article examines negative attitudes around Indian films generated in Georgetown, the capital of Guyana, to engage in the changing politics of Indian marginality, media representation and political relations towards Indians. By juxtaposing a series of ethnically charged speaking positions ignited by Indian cinema I highlight how the capital is seen as, essentially an Afrocentric space, contested by the shift in political power towards a 'perceived' Indian government. These various positions present how Indian films are made synonymous with Indian culture and how that culture is performed, celebrated and disavowed in this urban space.


This study was carried out on adult goats and their newborns (kid goats) obtained from different farms in same region of Bulgaria. The animals were divided into four groups: group I – kid goats with clinical signs of ataxia (n=12), group II – kid goats without these clinical signs (n=12), group III – dams of ataxia kid goats (n=6) and group IV - dams of healthy kid goats (n=6). The animals were subjected to full laboratory examinations for the following haematological parameters: haemoglobin (HGB), red blood cells count (RBC), white blood cells (WBC), mean cell volume (MCV), haematocrit (HCT) and differential white cells count. In addition the following mineral levels were measured in serum and liver tissues: Ca, Mg, Cu, Zn, Fe, and Se. We observed a fall in body temperature, an increase in heart and respiratory rates, a decrease of haemoglobin and red blood cells levels and changes in differential white cells count in positive cases of this disease. In addition, there were significant decreases in levels of Cu, Mg, Fe and Se. In liver tissues Cu levels were extremely low.


The electrolyte used in the Hall process for producing aluminum metal consists basically of a fused mixture of alumina (A1^0^) and cryolite (Na^AlF^). Other ingredients including AFF^, LiF, and CaF^ are added to modify properties such as bath density, electrical conductivity, and freezing temperature. Historically, a variety of experimental techniques has been employed to determine the phase diagrams of systems important to the Hall process. Many of the early experiments were conducted using open containers. This practice resulted in the publication of some inaccurate phase diagrams because of the decomposi tion of many of the fluoride compounds at high temperatures. In more recent years, it has become standard procedure to encapsulate all samples in sealed platinum containers. Quenching and differential thermal analysis (DTA) experiments using samples sealed in the platinum containers have been used to revise some of the early phase diagrams and to investiage new systems. In this paper, the phase diagrams that are known in the Na2AlF^-CaF2"AlF^-Al2 0 ̂ system are reviewed in a systematic manner, with special emphasis on the Hall cell electrolyte composition region.


The paper presents new U–Pb zircon ages and geochemical data from early Carboniferous volcanic rocks of the Wuerkashier Mountains in the northern West Junggar region, NW China, and of the Char suture–shear zone in East Kazakhstan. The study included analysis of geological setting, major and trace elements, and rock petrogenesis. Both localities host early Carboniferous volcanic units dominated by plagioclase-porphyry andesites and dacites. A West Junggar dacite yielded a 206Pb/238U age of 331 ± 3 Ma. The Junggar volcanic rocks are tholeiitic, and the Char samples are intermediate between tholeiitic and calc-alkaline. Both the Junggar and Char volcanic units are characterized by LREE enriched rare-earth spectra (La/Smn = 1.1–2.4) with Eu negative anomalies (Eu/Eu* = 0.12–1.0) and Nb-Ta minimums (Nb/Thpm = 0.15–0.35; Nb/Lapm = 0.3–0.7) on multi-element spectra. The Junggar andesites and dacites have higher REE and HFSE (Ti, Nb, Zr, Y, and Th) compared with the Char rocks, suggesting their derivation from a different mantle source. The melting modelling in the Nb-Yb system showed that the Junggar volcanic rocks formed by low- to medium- (2–5%) degree melting of depleted mantle harzburgite and spinel lherzolite. The Char volcanic rocks formed by high-degree melting (15–20%) of spinel lherzolite and garnet-bearing peridotite. The regional geology of West Junggar and East Kazakhstan and the geochemical features of the rocks under study (i.e. depletion in Nb, Ta, and Ti and enrichment in Th, and combination of LREE enrichment and HFSE depletion) all suggest a subduction-related origin of both Junggar and Char volcanic rocks. The early Carboniferous volcanic rocks of West Junggar possibly formed by subduction of the Junggar-Balkhash ocean beneath an active margin of the Kazakhstan continent, whereas those of East Kazakhstan formed by subduction of the Irtysh-Zaisan Ocean beneath an intra-oceanic arc at the active margin of the Siberian continent.


Report: 1. Preliminary Investigations of Distributions etc. of Pea Mites. 2. Survey of Insects Found in Soil. 1931. Manuscript papers including Literature Relating to the Red-legged mite; Synonymity of the Nomenclature with Respect to the Peamites; various papers on Halotydeus; surveys of various plots and pastures (one of 1930); Meteorological Records from State Research Farm, Werribee, August 1930-July 1931; Samples for Soil Insect Washings, Methods of Separating Insects from Soil; Soil Fauna, etc. May-July 1931 (2 files)