The main goal of this paper was to analyze intrapopulation variation of both morphological traits and shell banding polymorphism using the example of a continuous population (a metapopulation) of the land snail Cepaea vindobonensis (Férussac, 1821). A total of 14 samples of the land snail C. vindobonensis from a population located in the "Dubki" Park (Ukraine, Mykolayiv) were collected in May-July 2007. The land snail collection sites are divided into three areas by buildings and asphalt roads, indicated by the Latin letters A, B and C. The major diameter of shell (MJD), the minor diameter of shell (MID) and the shell height (SH) were measured with a digital calliper to the nearest 0.05 mm. Two shell shape indices (SF1 and SF2) were also computed. A high level of the intrapopulation variation of the land snail C. vindobonensis was found in our study. Significant differences between sample means were found for all shell traits and indices used (except for SF1), however, maximum difference was noted for SH and SF2 (in both cases: P < 0.001). About 80% of the total variation of the variance-covariance matrix was explained by the 1 and 2 Principal Components (PC1 and PC2). The PC1 was characterized by high positive factor loadings of MJD, MID and SH and thus can be interpreted as "shell size dimension" and the PC2 had a high correlation with SF2 and thus it can be interpreted as "shell globularity". The PC1 and PC2 determined a high level of spatial differentiation of intrapopulation morphological variation of the land snail C. vindobonensis. Samples with small (area A) and large (areas B and C) shells were separated from each other according to the PC1. Areas B and C were characterized by individuals with flatness and globularity shells, respectively. The areas A, B and C differed significantly in the total number of morphs, average number of morphs and frequency of rare morphs (Kruskal-Wallis H-test; in all cases P < 0.010). At the same time, the highest value of phenetic diversity was noted for samples collected within A and C areas. In general all phenetic diversity estimators showed a positive correlation with sample size (Spearman's correlation coefficient; in all cases P < 0.05). It was found that the type of biotope did not likely affect the frequency of individual morphs with respect to the shell banding polymorphism pattern. With regard to the most common morphs two patterns of the spatial arrangement of the intrapopulation variation were found – clinal pattern was for the frequency of pallescens morph and chaotic pattern was for frequency of "12345" morph.


Boron is known to play an important role for the structure of cell wall, membranes and the integrity and functions of membranes in plants. In soil, the hot water B extraction method has been extensively used for evaluation of soil B status. However, difficulties with this method result in low accuracy and precision of extraction of available boron (B) in soil. The objective of this study was to evaluate the yield, foliar concentration, and efficiency of B extracting solutions and the effect of B fertilization on B uptake in banana leaves and fruits, subgroup Cavendish (AAA), cultivated in a Xanthic Ferralsol (dystrophic Yellow Latosol), in the Amazonas State, Brazil. The experimental design was a completely randomized split plot, comprising four boron rates (0, 4, 8, and 12 kg ha-1), and two harvest cycles (sub-treatments), with four replicates. Available boron was determined with seven extractant solutions: Mehlich 1, Mehlich 3, hot water, HCl 0.05 mol L-1, HCl 0.1 mol L-1, HCl 5.0 mol L-1 and KCl 1.0 mol L-1. The application of B fertilizer increased the yield and B concentration in leaves and fruits. Hot water and KCl 1.0 mol L-1 were the most efficient extracting solutions for the determination of available B in soil. The application of 3.4 kg B ha-1 in first cycle and 1.3 kg B ha-1 in second cycle guarantees an adequate nutritional status in banana plants


The contribution of this paper is to provide evidence, from a sample of 281 listed companies, about Egyptian convergence to international accounting. We construct indices to measure both disclosure and measurement/presentation convergence, and the impacts of education and training, tax, and three company characteristics on compliance. Compliance, which is low, is associated with the volume of trading in company stocks, but not with industry sector or legal status. The findings suggest weak enforcement, and a need for education and training of accountants, and the removal of adverse tax implications for companies if increased convergence is to be achieved.


Abstract This paper sets out to explain the preferences of the seven northern euro area member states on the Single Supervisory Mechanism (SSM) concerning the threshold set for direct European Central Bank (ECB) control over bank supervision. Building on the concept of the 'financial trilemma', it argues that different bank internationalisation patterns in the seven northern member states explain different preferences on the transfer of supervisory powers over less significant banks to the ECB. In particular, the reach of internationalisation into a national banking system – notably the extent to which even smaller banks were exposed to foreign banking operations – is shown to be the core factor explaining different national preferences on threshold. In the five countries with a large number of small and parochial alternative (cooperative and savings) banks, it is necessary to examine the system-specific structures of these banks to explain better the reach of internationalisation and national preferences on the threshold. Determined German opposition to ECB supervision of smaller alternative banks is juxtaposed with either less hostile or more positive support of at least four other countries despite the important presence of small alternative banks.


To evaluate the role of redox homeostasis in differentiation in human promyelocytic leukemia cells (HL‐60) induced by isoliquiritigenin (ISL) through modulation of the nuclear erythroid‐related factor 2/antioxidant responsive element (Nrf2/ARE) pathway. Morphological changes, cell surface markers CD11b/CD14, and nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT)‐reducing ability were used to determine the differentiation of HL‐60, and 2,7‐dichlorofluorescein was used to detect the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Thiobarbituric acid test was utilised to determine the levels of malondialdehyde production in ISL‐treated HL‐60. The study determines and presents the redox state of the ratio of reduced/oxidised glutathione as a consequence of progression from differentiation in HL‐60. Expression levels of the Nrf2/ARE downstream target genes were determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate‐oxidase (NADPH oxidase) inhibitors, apocynin (APO), and diphenyleneiodonium (DPI) were used for the preliminary study to determine the potential downstream targets regulated by NADPH oxidase in ISL‐induced HL‐60 differentiation. The data showed a strong dose–response relationship between ISL exposure and the characteristics of HL‐60 differentiation, namely, morphology changes, NBT reductive activities, and expression levels of surface antigens CD11b/CD14. Intercellular redox homeostasis changes toward oxidation during drug exposure are necessary to support ISL‐induced differentiation. The unique expression levels of the Nrf2/ARE downstream target genes in the differentiation of HL‐60 recorded a statistically significant and dose‐dependent increase (P < 0.05), which were suppressed by NADPH oxidase inhibitor, APO, and DPI. ISL as a differentiation‐inducing agent with mechanisms involved in the Nrf2/ARE pathway to modulate intercellular redox homeostasis, and thus, facilitate differentiation.


Many of the features and options recently developed for and tested in LAHETS have been implemented for the next release of MCNPX. The most significant of these are: defined elastic scattering and reaction cross sections for incident particles at all energies in the absence of cross section libraries; attenuated primary beam transport without nonelastic interaction; a new atomic mass data base and the code to access it for all the physics packages shared by LAHET and MCNPX; a new nuclear structure/decay data library and the coding necessary to provide estimation of metastable state production; and the cross section calculation option adapted from LAHETL4, with output processed by the XSEXS code. Of these features, the first has the greatest impact on calculations with MCNPX.


The above document by Fardon et al, listed in this issue's Table of Contents with links to the full versions recently published by Spine and [The Spine Journal][1] , represents an update to the original article coauthored by David Fardon, MD, and Pierre Milette, MD, entitled "Nomenclature and


Samples of maize leaves naturally infected with maize streak virus (MSV) from Malawi and South Africa, as well as sugarcane leaves naturally infected with sugarcane streak virus (SSV) from Egypt, were examined by light (LM) and transmission electron, microscopy (TEM). Intranuclear inclusions, detectable by both methods, were found mainly in mesophyll and bundle sheath cells, and less frequently in vascular parenchyma and immature phloem cells. At higher TEM magnifications, these inclusions consisted, of crystalline or noncrystalline aggregates of isometric geminivirus–like particles (VLP) that occurred either singly or in geminate arrays. Cytopathological changes in these cells were confined to the nuclei, which were usually larger than normal, with peripheral chromatin and nucleoli. The nuclear envelope of some inclusion–containing nuclei was ruptured, and occasionally a crystal of VLP was found in the cytoplasm of cells in which no intact nuclei were detected. No differences in cytopathology were found between MSV and SSV, or between the two MSV isolates examined.


RO Valdiserri. 107 pages. Ithaca, NY: Cornell Univ Pr; 1994. $16.95. ISBN 0801429811. Order phone 607-277-2338. In objective terms, the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic is only too familiar to all of us. The spread of AIDS in the United States and throughout the world has been chronicled relentlessly. The effects of the controversies stirred within our society are common knowledge. However, objective knowledge of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection does not stimulate the reflections that result from the loss of a twin brother to this disease. The analogy of gardening in clay is apt, because AIDS has revealed aspects of our society that represent clay and that have been seen as unsuitable for nurturing life. Each chapter, or reflection, begins with a quotation that sets the stage for reflections on the illness of the author's twin brother. Both brothers are physicians: The author is a pathologist, and his brother is a psychiatrist. A medical background, with its focus on the complexities and pathogenesis of the virus, can become an impediment to understanding AIDS in human terms. Gardening in Clay helps to overcome this. The reader will find reflections on the epidemiology of anger and a comparison between the AIDS epidemic and the sinking of the Titanic, with several cogent analogies, including the lack of societal lifeboats. The reflections are spiced with thought-provoking sentences. For example: The individual simply cannot control all of the circumstances required to achieve good health. Also, The epidemic has taught me the inadequacy of looking toward the future as a means of rescue from the present. And again, Icebergs are easier to avoid than they are to vanquish. Valdiserri has been professionally involved in the care of patients with AIDS and in AIDS prevention since the beginning of the epidemic. He points out effectively that AIDS is our disease rather than their disease.


Abstract One of the principles of bilingual and multicultural education is that individuals need to function effectively between and among other ethnic groups. Bilingual education teacher training programs are concerned with developing and enhancing communication skills that will ultimately be taught to both language minority and mainstream public school students. It is not enough for these pupils to simply understand the concept of cultural pluralism: rather, they must be given the verbal and non-verbal communication skills necessaq for transcultural functioning. Recent research has indicated that these skills are not widely covered in teacher education curricula in the United States and that they are not adequately addressed in training programs for bilingual education teachers. This article analyzes thirty-four cross cultural competencies distilled from the literature on bilingual education teacher training and intercultural communication.


Notes on Recent Crime JAMES VAUGHAN, a miner and lay preacher, was tried at Monmouth Assizes before Mr. Commissioner Cave for attempting to murder his wife by putting sulphuric acid in her early morning cups of tea. Vaughan had contracted a liaison with a war-widow, and it was suggested by the defence that the wife had herself put the acid in the tea to punish him. The judge told the jury they had to ' choose between a diabolical act on the part of the wife and an equally diabolical act on the part of the husband.' The man was acquitted. An Italian of good family, named Martinucci, killed his English wife, to whom he had been married a year, in a fit of rage upon a confession by her of adultery. 'The punishment for adultery is not death, but the Divorce Court,' said Mr. Justice Humphreys, and he left it to the jury to say whether the provocation was great enough to reduce the crime from murder to manslaughter. The jury took the merciful view and the man was sentenced to seven years' penal servitude.


Taking the cold chain logistics as the main research object, this paper introduces the concept of the cold chain logistics, analyzes the problems existing currently in the cold chain logistics of China, and puts forward some corresponding solving measures.


Generally, faults caused in Electrical Power Systems (EPS) are characterized to be short duration and have large magnitude variations, for this reason if do not take proper corrective actions, these faults could be able to lead an entire collapse of the electrical system. The faults of the transmission lines are often produced by technical and environmental reasons. In this context, the present paper proposes a practical application for the wavelet transform with regard to locate faults in electrical systems, specially applied on transmission lines by using the principle of traveling wave. For that, an application has been developed an application that simulates the determination of the distance to the fault happened. Finally, the result analysis of the three simulations done demonstrates that the wavelet transform has a high grade of reliability to locate faults, and also the sensitivity results in front of changes in the line parameters are showed.


In the so-called "new globalized economy", in concomitance with the expansion of capital, massive technological advances have produced, on the one hand, unprecedented possibilities for the circulation of information and resources, as well as displacements of populations that can assume post- or transnational identities (DE FINA & PERRENNO, 2013). On the other hand, the logic of globalization and the fractionation of production chains have meant in many contexts a deepening of social differences, and language has become an even more relevant part in this stratification process, often mediating categorization processes that organize and legitimize inequality (HELLER, 2011). Such phenomena have brought new challenges for language studies interested in understanding what is happening in scenarios of great sociolinguistic diversity, more evident in some scenarios than in others, in general as observed by the centers or peripheries of capitalism. The Covid-19 pandemic made it even more complex to understand the contradictions of capitalism and its relations with language in these scenarios by causing sudden changes in interactional dynamics and in people's flows. This dossier brings together works that examine concepts that have entered the core of the discussion in Applied Linguistics and Sociolinguistics in the last 15 years, such as post-nationalism, language mercantilization and linguistic repertoires, among others, based on studies located in localized scenarios.


This paper presents a Ka-band 4-bit monolithic phase shifter incorporating novel unresonated FET switches which show broadband on/off characteristics up to 40 GHz without inductors. The developed switched-line phase shifter MMIC demonstrated an overall phase deviation of 3.3° rms and an insertion loss deviation of 0.9 dB rms at 34.5 GHz. Over a relatively wide ffequency range from 33 to 36 GI-kz, the phase deviation was less than 7° rms. The chip size of the WC is 2.5 mmx 2.2 mm.


Cotton boll-rot fibers were examined microscopically to determine the manner in which fungi grow on them. Cellulose decomposing boll-rot fungi wound around the fibers, paralleling closely the helical structure of the secondary wall; non-cellulose decomposers did not wind. Cellulose decomposers penetrated through the secondary walls and grew in the lumens; non-cellulose decomposers did not. Some fungi formed spores in the lumens. Mounting fibers in NaOH solutions made fungi easier to see, as did differential staining with Niagara Sky Blue 6B or mounting in cuprien. The cuprien caused swelling of the cellulose or its complete solution without visibly attacking the fungus.


OBJECTIVE:To detect the methylation rate of two cancer suppressor genes of Ras association domain family 1A(RASSF1A)and p16,and to explore the relationship between promoter regions methylation of p16,RASSF1A genes of lung cancer patients and normal people.METHODS:The methylation-specific PCR(MSP)was used to detect the promoter regions methylation status of p16,RASSF1Agenes in lung cancer and normal people plasma from 130cases in the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University.RESULTS:Fifty-one cases(39.2%)promoter region abnormal methylation of p16gene were found in 130cases of patients with lung cancer.Fifty-six cases(43.0%)promoter region abnormal methylation of RASSF1A were found in 130cases of patients with lung cancer.Two cases(1.53%)and 1case(0.77%)promoter region abnormal methylation of p16and RASSF1Agenes were found respectively in 130cases of normal people.The statistics results showed significant difference between lung cancer and normal people(P0.001). CONCLUSION:The promoter regions abnormal methylation of RASSF1Aand p16genes had been proved to be closely related with lung cancer.The detection of promoter regions abnormal methylation of lung cancer-related genes had a certain application value in the early diagnosis of lung cancer.


Aiming at the problem of insufficient accuracy of gesture recognition under the condition of small samples, a gesture generation method based on Generative Adversarial Networks is proposed to expand the dataset. For the expansion of gesture dataset, the idea of adversarial training in Generative Adversarial Networks is adopted, the discriminator model of deep convolution and the generator model of deep transpose convolution are designed respectively, the training process is optimized by using the way of adaptive learning rate, and the gesture is generated according to the gesture image in the gesture dataset created by the user. Then the accuracy is verified by using the real gesture image and the generated gesture image. With that, based on the complex characteristics of the algorithm for generating gesture image, it is proposed to directly generate the Fourier Descriptors of the image, so that the gesture has translation, scaling and rotation invariance, and their accuracy and training time are tested respectively. The experimental results show that comparing with generating gesture images, the training time of directly generating Fourier Descriptors is shorter and the recognition accuracy is higher.


Introduction: Nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (NA) characteristically affects adolescent men. Although benign, these tumors can cause local destruction and surgical resection is warranted. Objective: We present a case of a 62-year-old man with nasal congestion and epistaxis, found to be a right NA on pathology. We also present a review of the available NA staging systems. Findings: In this case of NA, imaging revealed an aggressive, hypervascular mass in the nasal cavity with involvement of the middle cranial fossa and cavernous sinus. The patient underwent complete endoscopic surgical resection following vascular embolization. Conclusions: Although it is rare, NA should not be disregarded in the elderly population.


Acknowledgments Note on Transliteration1. An Institutional Approach to the Politics of Western Muslim Minorities, by Adulkader H. Sinno, Indiana University Part 1. Western Muslims and Etablished State-Religion Relations 2. Claiming Space in America's Pluralism: Muslims Enter the Political Maelstrom, by Yvonne Yazbeck Haddad, Georgetown University and Robert Stephen Ricks, Georgetown University 3. The Practice of Their Faith: Muslims and the State in Britain, France, and Germany, by J. Christopher Soper, Pepperdine University and Joel S. Fetzer, Pepperdine University 4. Religion, Muslims, and the State in Britain and France: From Westphalia to 9/11, by Jorgen S. Nielsen, University of BirminghamPart 2. Western Muslims and Political Institutions 5. Muslim Underrepresentation in American Politics, by Abdulkader H. Sinno, Indiana University 6. Muslims Representing Muslims in Europe: Parties and Associations after 9/11, by Jytte Klausen, Brandeis University 7. Muslims in UK Institutions: Effective Representation or Tokenism? by Abdulkader H. Sinno, Indiana University and Eren Tatari, Indiana UniversityPart 3. Institutional Underpinnings of Perceptions of Western Muslims 8. How Europe and Its Muslim Populations See Each Other, by Jodie T. Allen, Pew Research Center and Richard Wike, Pew Research Center 9. Public Opinion toward Muslim Americans: Civil Liberties and the Role of Religiosity, Ideology, and Media Use, by Erik C. Nisbet, Cornell University, Ronald Ostman, Cornell University,and James Shanahan, Cornell University 10. The Racialization of Muslim Americans, by Amaney Jamal, Princeton UniversityPart 4. Western Muslims, Civil Rights, and Legal Institutions 11. Canadian National Security Policy and Canadian Muslim Communities, by Kent Roach, University of Toronto 12. Counter-Terrorism and the Civil Rights of Muslim Minorities in the European Union, by Anja Dalgaard-Nielsen, Danish Institute for International Studies 13. The Preventive Paradigm and the Rule of Law: How Not to Fight Terrorism, by David Cole, Georgetown University 14. Recommendations for Western Policymakers and Muslim Organizations, by Abdulkader H. Sinno, Indiana UniversityList of Contributors Index


Preventing release of refractory pollutants from contaminated sediments is of growing concern. In situ remediation of sediments becomes more popular because of its low cost and noninterference of benthic ecosystems compared with conventional sediment dredging. In this study, a low-cost rice husk biochar (RHB) was used as a capping material to prevent the release of representative inorganic (Cu2+) and organic (4-chlorophenol, 4-CP) pollutants from synthetic contaminated sediments. In addition, the release dynamics of pollutants was investigated under different environmentally relevant conditions. The experimental results indicated that RHB can efficiently suppress the release of Cu2+ and 4-chlorophenol from the sediments and a select thickness of RHB can maintain the concentrations of these model pollutants below the national criterion at pH = 5 and 7, even when the concentrations of these pollutants are very high (1600 mg kg–1 of Cu2+ or 100 mg kg–1 of 4-CP). Fitting the release data of pollutants to the ...


A study was made of the utility of radar equipment in measuring surface precipitation and to improve radar techniques in measuring precipitation for application by the Army to radioactive rainout prediction, trafficability, and communications. A total of 34 rolls of raindrop camera film was received from the three overseas installations. The Majuro installation was dismantled and returned June 3, 1960, to Illinois for refurbishing and reinstallation. Operations at the other locations-Indonesia and Alaska-were satisfactory. A total of 27 of these rolls of raindrop data film was measured during the quarter. The preliminary calculation of the radar variables was accomplished as the film was measured. Preliminary data from Oregon indicated that the size of the raindrops are smaller there than in Miami or Illinois. (auth)


The basis for determining the level of the competitiveness of the region are a specific purpose of the assessment and a reasonable set of adequate characteristics that allows to identify the main development trends, strengths and weaknesses, risks and opportunities for territorial formation. The article considers the theoretical and methodological aspects of the analysis of the competitive advantages of agricultural production in the context of differentiation of regions by the level of development of production and economic potential and infrastructure.


Integrated phaseshifters withaperiodic structure thatincludes BaSrTiO3 ferroelectric varactors parallel- orseries- connected tothetransmission line areinvestigated theoretically andexperimentally. Thephaseshifters aredesigned forthe frequency range26-32GHz.Thedispersion characteristics and insertion losses inthetransmission line ofthephaseshifters are analyzed withregard tothedependence ofthecapacitance and loss tangent ofthevaractors oncontrol voltage andtemperature. Itisshownthatparasitic amplitude modulation inthephase shifters canbesuppressed iftheconnection schemeofthe varactors takes into account thevoltage dependence ofthetheir losstangent. In thephaseshifters withseries-connected varactors, thetemperature dependence ofthephase shift ismuch weaker thaninthose withparallel-connected varactors. IndexTerms - Phaseshifters, Ferroelectric devices, Amplitude modulation, Thermal factors.


Radioactive seeds have been used to treat pancreatic carcinoma in the early twenty cen-tries. Advances in the therapy of pancreatic carcinoma with radioactive seeds is slow because of the limitations of radiobiology and radiophysics , unsoundness of implantation technique and implantation plan system. As the radioactive seeds 125I have been used since the late 1960s and radiobiology and radiophysics of radionucide has been studied profoundly , fast development of three-dimensional treatment plan system , useness of ultrasonically guided percutaneous implantation therapy for pancreatic carcinoma with radioactive seeds rise again.


Carbon fiber (CF) must be protected from thermal oxidation for high temperature application because of its low thermo-oxidative stability above 450℃ in air. CF is now increasingly being used as a reinforcing material in the construction industry. A thermal and oxidation resistant coating is necessary for CF-reinforced concrete (CFRC) composites in order to satisfy a high level of safety standard in the case of fire. New types of pre-ceramic coatings, such as Tyranno® polymer (Si–Ti based pre-ceramic) and SiO2 sol–gel, have been deposited on CF filament yarn by means of a wet chemical continuous dip coating method. The results of surface analyses, e.g. scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and infrared spectroscopy, showed the changes in topographical properties of CF caused by the coatings. Thermogravimetric analysis proved that the high temperature (up to 800℃) oxidation stability of CF was considerably improved due to the coatings. Tensile test results indicated that the strength of CF yarn at 20℃ was increased by up to 80% with the coatings. Thermo-mechanical properties were also enhanced up to 600℃. CF yarn retains its original strength and elasticity modulus, i.e. the stiffness at 700℃, with a Tyranno® polymer coating.


Abstract Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) technology coupled with underground carbon dioxide sequestration is introduced. CO 2 can be injected into an oil reservoir in order to enhance oil production rate and CO 2 EOR can be turned into CCS in a long term sense. Coupling CO 2 EOR with CCS may secure a large scale and consistent CO 2 source for EOR, and the CO 2 EOR can bring an additional economic benefit for CCS, since the benefit from enhanced oil production by CO 2 EOR will compensate costs for CCS implementation. In this paper, we introduced the characteristics of CO 2 EOR technology and its market prospect, and reviewed the Weyburn CO 2 EOR project which is the first large-scale CO 2 EOR case utilizing an anthropogenic CO 2 source. We also introduced geotechnical elements for a successful and economical implementation of CO 2 EOR with CCS and they were a miscroseismic monitoring during and after injection of CO 2 , and determination of minimum miscible pressure (MMP) and maximum injection pressure (MIP) of CO


Background: Blunt force abdominal trauma is a typical emergency room presentation in both adults and children. Trauma is widely acknowledged as one of the primary causes of illness and mortality in poor nations, as well as the greatest cause of death in those under the age of 45. Objectives: This study aims to study the diagnostic evaluation of blunt abdominal trauma scoring system (BATSS) in patients with blunt abdominal trauma in Zagazig University Hospital. Patients and methods: This study was conducted on 48 patients suffering from blunt abdominal trauma in Emergency Department of Zagazig University Hospital from January 2021 to June 2021. Result: The mean age of patients in the study was 25.87±10.7 years (range 17–61 years). Of the forty eight patients in the study there were 13 females (27.1%) and thirty five males (72.9%).There was statistically significant difference between blunt abdominal trauma scoring system (BATSS) and types of injury p<0.001. There was no statistically significant difference between blunt abdominal trauma scoring system (BATSS) and each of patients' sex and causes of injury p>0.05. Conclusion: The BATSS score system can be used as an initial screening to predict blunt abdominal trauma outcome and can be the basis of management in patients who experience blunt abdominal trauma.


The third molar extraction is a common practice in oral surgery [1,2]. They are present in 90% of the population and around 33% of patients have at least an impacted third molar, whose cause is associated to genetic and environmental factors [3]. The possible complications related to the presence of impacted or retained inferior third molars (infectious, inflammatory, tumors, or neurological complications) forces the surgical extraction in many occasions, either for therapeutic or prophylactic reasons. The surgical exodontia of the inferior third molar implies several postsurgical complications, such as damage into the structures adjacent to the third molar (nerves, bone and soft tissues), and the tissues near the surgical area (tongue and lips among others). In the postsurgical period, pain, inflammation, trismus, early or late infection, or paresthesia have been described. Therefore, designing and implementing an optimum flap would facilitate a better technique, better visibility for the surgeon and minimize complications [4]. There are different types of flaps to perform third molar surgery. The most commonly used are:


The invention discloses a novel process for pyrolysis of solid wastes. According to the existing pyrolysis technology, the solid wastes with low calorific values and high moisture content are difficult to treat, and effects of being completely harmless, reduced and recycled cannot be achieved. The novel process provided by the invention comprises the following steps of: uniformly crushing the solid wastes by a crushing system and conveying the crushed solid wastes to a drying system to be dried; carrying out the pyrolysis in a pyrolysis system and treating a pyrolyzed product by a re-burning system to provide energy needed by the pyrolysis system; conveying high-temperature smoke into a residual heat boiler to generate saturated vapor with a temperature which is higher than 1000 DEG C; carrying out heat exchange on the vapor by a vapor-air heat exchanger; after raising the temperature of normal-temperature air, conveying the air into the vapor-air heat exchanger to carry out the heat exchange with output smoke of the residual heat boiler; conveying the hot air into the pyrolysis system and carrying out processes of cooling combustion smoke, de-acidifying and removing dust on the smoke of the residual heat boiler through an exhaust gas treatment system; receiving uncondensed gas in condensed odor vapor by the deodorization system, carrying out final treatment on the uncondensed gas and exhausting. According to the invention, the residual heat value of the high-moisture solid wastes is sufficiently utilized and the utilization is not limited by types of the solid wastes, so that the energy source and the operation cost are saved.


Cerebral palsy is a life-long physical disability with, as yet, no known cure, and the diagnosis is initially met by devastation, denial, and disbelief on the part of parents. Cerebral palsy is often accompanied by other morbidities. Three in 4 experience chronic pain, 1 in 2 has an intellectual disability, 1 in 3 cannot walk, 1 in 3 has hip displacement, 1 in 4 cannot talk, 1 in 4 has epilepsy, 1 in 4 has a behavior disorder, 1 in 4 has bladder control problems, 1 in 5 has a sleep disorder, 1 in 5 dribbles, 1 in 10 is blind, 1 in 15 is tube fed, and 1 in 25 is deaf. Despite the prognosis, parents maintain optimism about the potential gains from intervention, and are compelled to try everything with their child. Inevitably, parents wonder whether, with the right intervention, their child could be ''fixed'' (Burke, p 53). Parents are therefore very vulnerable to claims about promising new interventions. When weighing emergent treatments, such as hyperbaric oxygen or stem cells, some parents sense they have nothing to lose, because they are dissatisfied with outcomes from existing interventions. Many of these treatments are expensive and time-consuming, and in concordance with the medical ethic of doing no harm, parents have the right to the latest evidence about the efficacy of hyperbaric oxygen when making decisions about their child's care. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is the inhalation of pressurized pure oxygen within a hyperbaric chamber, resulting in higher levels of dissolved oxygen within the blood. Proponents theorize that the damaged brain cells in children with cerebral palsy have the potential to be repaired under conditions of increased oxygenation. Parents can only be provided with this evidence by testing these claims, which is why the present study by Lacey et al in this edition of the journal is so important. Research that responds to the needs of people with cerebral palsy and their families is of equal importance to groundbreaking scientific studies. To answer parent's questions objectively, we systematically searched the published and gray literature to identify the highest levels of evidence about the effectiveness of hyperbaric oxygen for cerebral palsy. We identified 3 randomized controlled trials measuring effectiveness, all of which offered 40 HBOT treatments compared to hyperbaric air. Lacey et al conducted a randomized double-blind controlled trial over a 4-year period, including admirable safety precautions. Lacey et al demonstrated that hyperbaric oxygen was not associated with any significant improvement in gross motor and self-care function. Straightaway the lack of positive results was apparent to the authors, and they terminated the trial early on ethical grounds. Lacey's study replicated the findings of the earlier large high-quality randomized controlled trial by Collet et al. Collet also found no beneficial effect for HBOT in cerebral palsy. Of note, both the Lacey and Collet studies measured outcomes using the most sensitive gold standard measures (Gross Motor Function Measure and Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory) and on data collected immediately after HBOT, to give hyperbaric oxygen the best possible chance of demonstrating efficacy and showing superior outcomes. In contrast, Packard's randomized clinical trial (RCT) showed favorable findings, but it was hard to be confident of Packard's results, because the work was unpublished and thus not peer reviewed, did not report sufficient statistical data, and had a high risk of bias. The objective was to determine whether hyperbaric oxygen improves the gross motor and self-care skills of children with cerebral palsy. When insufficient evidence exists, there is a clinical trend of borrowing good evidence from other fields; however, this does not always mean that the intervention will work for another population. We have found this to be true of HBOT, which is effective in some populations, but not cerebral palsy as first hoped. Overall, there is high-quality Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation evidence that hyperbaric oxygen does not have a clinically important effect on gross motor and self-care skills in children with cerebral palsy (ie, further research is very unlikely to change our confidence in the estimate of effect). Consistent with the author's conclusions of the previous systematic review and 2 published RCTs, we conclude that there is no added benefit of hyperbaric oxygen over standard care in terms of the gross motor or self-care function of children with cerebral palsy. Moreover, adverse events such as middle ear barotrauma have been associated with the treatment. Of interest, the Canadian government does not fund HBOT, on


This paper investigates the various aspects of designing and exploiting a flyback type of regenerative voltage equalizer circuit for supercapacitor stacks consisting of multiple cells. The impact of circuit parameters (magnetising inductance, peak current), operating modes (constant switching frequency or constant peak current) and duration of equalising are investigated in detail on a predefined four supercapacitor cells stack from the point of view of energy efficiency and effectiveness of equalising. Finally, the performance of the active-regenerative equalising circuit is compared to the performance of an active-dissipative circuit, concluding that it offers better efficiency, performs a more effective voltage equalising and, due to using a single active device, may even be more economical to build.


Petroleum geophysical prospecting has always been one of the main application fields of high performance computing (HPC) technology, and cluster has become the primary architecture of HPC. However, with the increasing demands in geophysical computing, the scales of cluster systems are increasing, which complicates the system construction, operation, maintenance, and software development. Fortunately, with the rapid development of field programmable gate array (FPGA), clusters are likely to be replaced by reconfigurable computing systems as primary architecture of HPC in the near future. In the reconfigurable computing system, the configuration of hardware (programmable devices) can be dynamically loaded or modified just like software. The reconfigurable system makes hardware look like software, which makes computing system flexible, upgradable, and having high performance and parallelism. The advantages of reconfigurable computing technology promise its wide applications in geophysical computing, and some of the research results have shown its bright future.


Before the COVID pandemic, solo travel was getting more and more popular – especially among women travelers. Both demographic, social trends, and inner motivations enhanced the popularity of this type of travel. The aging society and the single lifestyle increased the demand on the one hand, while on the other hand, the desire for self-realization, to find new ways of life, escapism, the thirst for self-confidence drive more tourists to travel alone. In the case of women travelers, their increasing decisive power and independence also boosted solo travel. The tourism industry also offers several attractions specially designed for them. The post-pandemic era will show how this special group of travelers will react to the changed circumstances and how they will change their travel habits. The paper examines how frequently Hungarian respondents travel alone and what their attitudes towards this type of traveling are.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.


The stratospheric nacelle attitude control system is the key technology in keeping position stabilization and posture adjustment.In this paper,nacelle attitude driven by reaction wheels and the full digital decoupling control system of high delicacy torque sensor are studied.With proper organic combination of them,the proposed method can make nacelle to stabilize in any attitude against disorder,thus the achieve nacelle azimuth control continuity was obtained.


On December 15,2009, the African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights, based in Arusha, Tanzania, rendered its historic first judgment.1 In a short ruling accompanied by a separate opinion by Judge Fatsah Ouguergouz, the Court unanimously2 dismissed the case for lack of jurisdiction (paras. 37, 46; sep. op. Ouguergouz, J., para. 1). The applicant, Michelot Yogogombaye, is a Chadian living in Switzerland ( Yogogombaye, para. 1). On August 11, 2008, he initiated proceedings against Senegal, seeking an order to prevent Senegalese authorities from prosecuting former President Hissein Habre3 (id.). Habre, who ruled Chad for eight years, sought asylum in Senegal, a neighboring West African country , after he was deposed in December 1990 (para. 18). He is allegedly responsible for ordering the torture and deaths o f up to forty thousand Chadians during his eight years in office.4 Yogogombaye sought to establish the Court's jurisdiction over the case. He claimed that Senegal, as a member o f the African Union5 (AU) and as party to the Protocol on the Estab lishment o f an African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights6 (Protocol), had filed a decla ration pursuant to Article 34(6) o f the Protocol allowing the Court to hear human rights peti tions initiated by individuals (para. 17).


The problem of selecting an appropriate wavelet filter is always present in the wavelet based image compression. In this study, we apply neural networks to wavelet filter selection. The purpose is to find a good filter for the compression of each multispectral image. Spectral characteristics from three different images are used in the training phase and then the neural network is used to select a good wavelet filter for each of the images. The results show, that our method finds the most suitable wavelet filter for multispectral image compression with the specific compression method.


Abstract Leptogium is a cosmopolitan genus with currently 180 accepted species, of which 46 are reported from Brazil. Leptogium atlanticum, L. azureum, L. cyanescens, L. sessile and L. subjuressianum are recorded from the Brazilian state of Santa Catarina for the first time. Leptogium chloromelum var. crassius is synonymized with L. sessile. Leptogium atlanticum is recorded for the first time outside the type locality. We also provide comments and the first identification key for Leptogium species found in Santa Catarina state.


I consider the interpretation of the notion of randomness in natural science from Aristotle to Poincare, the interrelation between randomness and necessity according to Poincare and the narrower understanding of randomness in the theory of probability and statistics. Kepler explained the ellipticity of the planetary orbits by random causes and Kant and Laplace largely followed him in spite of Newton who had established that ellipticities depended on the planets' velocity (abstrakt oryginalny)


Objectives: To correlate arterial compliance and measures of subclinical atherosclerosis with menopausal status during menopausal transition. Background: Cardiovascular risk increases in women after the menopausal transition. To assess factors that might explain this increased risk, we used radial tonometry to measure arterial compliance in SWAN (Study of Women's Health Across the Nation), a longitudinal study of women in the menopausal transition. Methods: Raw waveforms were digitized and a generalized transfer function was utilized to calculate central Augmentation Pressure (cAP) & aortic Augmentation index (AIx) adjusted for heart rate of 75bpm. Carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) was calculated using B-mode ultrasound. Coronary artery calcium (CAC) and thoracic aortic calcium (TAC) scores were obtained by computed tomography. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) was recorded as time taken for the arterial pulse to propagate from the carotid to the femoral artery. Results: Mean age was 52±9, BMI 28±6; 7% of women were premenopausal, 48% perimenopausal, and 45% were postmenopausal. PWV, cAP, cIMT, CAC and TAC were higher in post-menopause than peri-menopause and lowest in the premenopausal group with a similar trend for AIx (see Table). Higher PWV correlated significantly with higher cIMT (r=0.32), cAP (r=0.34), AIx (0.17), CAC (r=0.13) & TAC (r=0.19). Conclusion: Physiologic measures of arterial stiffness were higher through the menopausal transition along with morphologic measures of subclinical atherosclerosis, with a correlation between the two. Such changes may help to explain the increased risk of cardiovascular disease in women after menopause and may be assessed using a combination of physiologic and morphologic parameters. Supported by NIH/DHHS (grants U01AG012505, U01AG012546, R01HL065581, R01HL065591, R01HL089862).


The ANSYS model is established for simulating jointless bridges in integral abutments. The effects of different load types( half-wave sinusoidal load,uniform load and concentrated load) on the influence line of transverse load distribution( ILTLD) is compared. The load lateral distribution factor( m c) of internal force and deflection are compared and analyzed. The changing regularity of load lateral distribution factor along span is analysed. The change of load lateral distribution due to the interior crossbeams contribute to the stiffness of deck system of jointless bridge is discussed. Then,load lateral distributions of conventional simply supported bridge and jointless bridge are compared and analyzed,and the accuracy and feasibility of the FEA model is verified by test. The test and analysis results show that the ILTLD of deflection under unit concentrated load can be used to study the load lateral distribution pattern; the load lateral distribution pattern of jointless bridge is more evenly than that of simply supported bridge. The test data agree well with the calculated values by FEA,and the load lateral distribution factor m c can be adopted as that of the whole span,that is m = m c.


With the deepening of electricity market (EM) reform and the high penetration of photovoltaic (PV) energy in power system, the uncertainties of a PV power output and fluctuation of EM prices would bring substantial financial risks for PV power producers (PPPs). This paper proposed a robust optimization model for PPP's power bidding decision-making. Specifically, the random PV power outputs are modeled by the uncertainty set, which need no probabilistic information and can fully depict the continuous range of uncertainties. Subsequently, with respect to any scenario for day-ahead EM prices, PPP's optimal power bidding strategy is obtained under the worst-case realization within the uncertainty set, which guarantees the robustness in resisting the negative impact of random PV power outputs on PPP's profit. Moreover, a reformulation approach was introduced for equivalently transforming our model into a tractable framework. Simulation was implemented to validate the feasibility and effectiveness of applying our proposed model.


Dear Editor, Recently, we reported the role of transcriptional intermediary factor-1γ (TIF1γ) fromhepatic stellate cells (HSCs) in preventing liver fibrosis.1 Therefore, an effective strategy to supply TIF1γ during liver injury offers significant therapeutic promise. Here, we devised a strategy to induce TIF1γ expression selectively in HSCs exclusively under inflamed liver conditions. We developed a TGFβ1promoter-driven construct that induces TIF1γ expression in an inflamed liver undergoing fibrosis.2,3 Additionally, we used a liposome–vitamin A (LiVitA) conjugate as a vehicle because vitamin A is selectively taken up and stored by HSCs in the human body.4 To evaluate the potential of TIF1γ in managing liver fibrosis, we systemically injected a cytomegalovirus (CMV)-driven plasmid (pCMV-mTIF1γ) into mice with thioacetamide (TAA)-induced liver injury. Consequently, the area of collagen deposition in the injured liver was significantly reduced (Figure 1A). We then checked human specimens to test the applicability of TIF1γ as a therapeutic agent and of the TGFβ1-promoter as the smart switch that should be turned on only in inflamed or injured liver. Cirrhotic human liver showed no expression of TIF1γ and very strong and wide expression of TGFβ1 and the fibrosis marker αSMA, which was in direct contrast to the pattern observed in normal human liver (Figure 1B). Staining with the HSC-marker CRBP1 demonstrated that HSCs expressed TGFβ1 (yellow circle) and αSMA (yellow arrow) in the cirrhotic liver (Figures 1B and S1). To enhance TIF1γ expression in HSCs under inflamed conditions with high TGFβ1 expression, we introduced the TGFβ1-promoter-driven TIF1γ into the human HSC line LX2 and assessed its selective expression according to the scheme shown in Figure 2A. The increased expression of αSMA or collagen type 1a (COL1A) under TGFβ1 was downregulated after transfecting the TGFβ1-


Palm trees have proved to be efficient converters of solar energy into biomass in most agro-ecological zones of the tropical world. Most tapped palm trees gives a sap very rich in sugar (10 to 20%). For several millennia, many species of palm trees (including coconut) have been used for sugar production. Highly sophisticated techniques of tapping were developed through the centuries in Asia, Africa and America. High yields of sugar were obtained from palms that could continue for up to a hundred years of production. One of the main constraints on production in recent times has been the increasing lack of fuel needed for processing palm sap into sugar and the price thereof. Nevertheless, since trials of feeding pigs with fresh sugar palm sap were successfully initiated in an FAO project in Cambodia, there has been renewed interest in tapping palm trees for sap to be used as feed. A thorough review of the literature has shown that intensive pig rearing based on palm sap has already been practised by the Indonesians for centuries and was found to be a very efficient system for intensifying agriculture in some highly populated islands. In today's economy, developing animal production using palm sap as the main source of energy in the diet looks very promising: the land could sustain higher population densities through the intensification of crop and animal production within sustainable integrated systems for small farmers.


B. Abelev et al.* (ALICE Collaboration) (Received 14 May 2013; published 5 September 2013) Azimuthally anisotropic distributions of D, Dþ, and D þ mesons were studied in the central rapidity region (jyj< 0:8) in Pb-Pb collisions at a center-of-mass energy ffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi sNN p 1⁄4 2:76 TeV per nucleon-nucleon collision, with the ALICE detector at the LHC. The second Fourier coefficient v2 (commonly denoted elliptic flow) was measured in the centrality class 30%–50% as a function of the D meson transverse momentum pT , in the range 2–16 GeV=c. The measured v2 of D mesons is comparable in magnitude to that of light-flavor hadrons. It is positive in the range 2< pT < 6 GeV=cwith 5:7 significance, based on the combination of statistical and systematic uncertainties.


Air pollution sources and the hazards of high particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) concentrations among air pollutants have been well documented. Shipping emissions have been identified as a source of air pollution; therefore, it is necessary to predict air pollutant concentrations to manage seaport air quality. However, air pollution prediction models rarely consider shipping emissions. Here, the PM2.5 concentrations of the Busan North and Busan New Ports were predicted using a recurrent neural network and long short-term memory model by employing the shipping activity data of Busan Port. In contrast to previous studies that employed only air quality and meteorological data as input data, our model considered shipping activity data as an emission source. The model was trained from 1 January 2019 to 31 January 2020 and predictions and verifications were performed from 1–28 February 2020. Verifications revealed an index of agreements (IOA) of 0.975 and 0.970 and root mean square errors of 4.88 and 5.87 µg/m3 for Busan North Port and Busan New Port, respectively. Regarding the results based on the activity data, a previous study reported an IOA of 0.62–0.84, with a higher predictive power of 0.970–0.975. Thus, the extended approach offers a useful strategy to prevent PM2.5 air pollutant-induced damage in seaports.


The embodiment of the invention discloses a method for displaying a terminal charging status. The method comprises: displaying a charging status area on a terminal screen when it is detected that a terminal battery is being charged, wherein halation enlarged or shrunk at preset frequency is disposed on the edge of the charging status area; and displaying a filling area with a same proportion on the charging status area according to the proportion of the current electric amount of the terminal battery to the full electric amount of the terminal battery. The embodiment of the invention also discloses a terminal. The charging status and progress of the terminal can be displayed visually by using the method.


: The major objectives are (1) to identify the problems involved in measuring the environmental impacts of public projects from selected perspectives, and (2) to elaborate a sociological approach used in an empirical investigation in that respect. The construct of environmental impact of a planned action is generally operationalized from different perspectives and with different methodological emphases in the various disciplines. Even the term environment does not elicit agreement among users as to its exact meaning. Although there has been a steady increase in the number of studies from a sociological perspective concerning environmental problems, there is lack of sociological counsel in writing environmental impact statements. Overall, we lack sociological methodology and operational procedures for that purpose. In an attempt to bring some empirical focus to this field, attitudinal measures employed to discover how residents of a river basin perceived negative and positive environmental impacts of a proposed watershed development project are reviewed. These come from a study of creation of the Cooper Reservoir and Dam in Texas. Data on 343 heads of households m the selected areas were collected through structured questionnaires with items on personal information, a vested interest scale, a knowledge of the project scale, and an environmental impact scale. Data show that perception of impacts by residents is influenced significantly by degree of their vested interests involved. Variables for inclusion in a sociological model of environmental impact are suggested.


InGaN-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with some specific designs on the quantum barrier layers by alternating InGaN barriers with GaN barriers are proposed and studied numerically. In the proposed structure, simulation results show that the carriers are widely dispersed in the multi-quantum well active region, and the radiative recombination rate is efficiently improved and the electron leakage is suppressed accordingly, due to the appropriate band engineering. The internal quantum efficiency and light-output power are thus markedly enhanced and the efficiency droop is smaller, compared to the original structures with GaN barriers or InGaN barriers. Moreover, the gradually decrease of indium composition in the alternating quantum barriers can further promote the LED performance because of the more uniform carrier distribution, which provides us a simple but highly effective approach for high-performance LED applications.


In visual servoing, joint speeds of the robot are required for feedback control. However, most robots are not equipped with the angular velocity sensors. This paper deals with a speed observer for a visual servoing system based on the immersion and invariance (I&I) technique. The visual servoing system, a new binocular stereo visual model (BSVM) is considered, which 3-dimension image information is obtained directly, that we need not to estimate the depth information. We have considered the visual servoing system that contained the non-linear robot dynamics, an image-based controller and a speed observer. It will make the stabilisation analysis of the closed-loop system very difficult. A controller is designed so that the robot visual servoing system is transformed into a port-controlled Hamiltonian (PCH) system. It will simplify the stabilisation analysis. For the PCH system, firstly, a speed observer is designed by the technical of I&I. Secondly, a visual servo controller is designed to satisfy the visual servoing performance. Simulation experiments illustrate the theory and show the effectiveness of the proposed designs.


In this study, we set out to exploit and assess a particularly strong case of syntaxtheoretical reductionism from a neurolinguistic point of view: the structural unification of sentences and noun phrases (the CP/DP-parallelism – e.g. Abney, 1987; Grimshaw, 1991). We did so by testing German agrammatic speakers' ability to comprehend canonical (agent-patient) and non-canonical (patient-agent) structures within each domain (verbal actives and passives and their nominal counterparts). We further included head-final subject and object relative clauses, which involve both domains at once. Results largely follow the predictions made by the syntactic CP/DP-parallelism and at the same time pose new challenges for existing theories of the agrammatic deficit.


This study aims to provide a CHSM Trainer or Computer Hardware Servicing and Maintenance Trainer for the College of Information and Communication Technology (CICT). The purpose of this study is to enhance the troubleshooting, system configuration and computer hardware skills of the CICT Information Technology students. The said project was constructed using different computer peripheral parts. The CHSM Trainer has a dual core motherboard which has a built-in video card and a 512 RAM. The CHSM Trainer was evaluated by the BSIT students using the following projects criteria: (a) functionality; (b) user-friendliness; (c) portability; and (d) reliability. The result of the respondent's evaluation was interpreted as follows: Excellent, Very Satisfactory, Satisfactory, Fair and Poor. Overall, the project got 4.33 mean rating with a verbal description of "Very Satisfactory" The conclusions of this study were drawn as follows: (l) The proponents included several peripheral parts for construction of the CHSM Trainer (2) This project is for the students which can help them in troubleshooting, system configuration interfacing technique and computer assembling; (3) The CICT has a growing population of students and many of the students must be familiar with the peripheral parts of a computer. Generally, the CHSM Trainer can lessen the time consumed in practicing interfacing and troubleshooting inside the classroom. Lastly, the recommendations of this study were drawn as follows: (1) The CICT must provide troubleshooting practicing equipment like CHSM Trainer for the information and technology students as it is part and parcel of their skills development; (2) Improve the functionality of the CHSM Trainer; (3) If the CHSM Trainer is for hardware, they must develop a computer trainer for software like Computer Aided Instruction with the topic in troubleshooting and assembling. The researchers also used hard disk drive, DVD-Rom drive, power supply and a flat LCD monitor which makes the project functional. However, the researchers make it more compact by customizing its casing.


The server receives requests (R) comprising domain name and retransmits a response (R) to a network unit transmitting the request. The request contains a symbolic name or domain name of another network unit to which a data stream is to be transmitted from the former network unit. The response comprises of a set of addresses associated to the domain name, where the addresses are scheduled by the server.


This articles introduced the development of the four systems and eight mechanisms in Shenzhen's health reform,and described the implementing measures of the public hospitals reform and major mechanisms reform.It also reviewed the major achievements and challenges met in the health reform and made an outlook of the future steps in the reform.

Key words:
Health reform;  Public hospital;  System and mechanism;  Achievements; Prospect


Analyzing the responses of 482 sixth graders, classified as either peer oriented or adult oriented, reveals that while the peer-oriented children generally conform to a socially undesirable peer subculture, they are unsatisfied and anxious about it. They appear to be overly dependent upon the peer group and conform out of necessity rather than choice. This "necessity" is created by a family in which the parents establish a climate of "passive neglect" thereby pushing the children from the home and forcing them to seek approval and affection elsewhere. Sex differences are discussed and comparisons made with other research.


In this paper, we study which transform preserves the k-hyponormality of weighted shifts. For this, we introduce a new transform, the modulus...


Previous research concerned with the generality of sociometric choices over several criterion situations, sometimes referred to as a social acceptability factor, have yielded across-criterion correlations of sufficient magnitude to justify the existence of such a general factor (5). The magnitude of the correlations vary with the age of the group, being somewhat larger for younger as compared to older children, and with the degree of specificity of the choice situations, being somewhat larger for general as opposed to specific choice situations. These studies, based primarily on data derived from nominations procedures, permit conclusions on only one aspect of the social acceptability factor, namely: the degree to which individuals ranked by the group on one choice situation are similarly ranked on other choice situations. But there would seem to be a second component to the general social acceptability factor which is concerned with the degree to which the group, as seen by the individuals in that group, is similarly perceived in different social situations. The latter component requires a measure of the degree or intensity of a sociometric choice and therefore cannot be determined from a frequency of choices measure.


Significance Carbon isotopic analysis is among the most pervasive geochemical approaches because the fractionation of carbon isotopes produces a natural tracer of biological and chemical processes. Rover-based carbon isotopic analyses of sedimentary rocks on Mars have the potential to reveal modes of Martian carbon cycling. We report carbon isotopic values of the methane released during pyrolysis of samples obtained at Gale crater. The values show remarkable variation indicating different origins for the carbon evolved from different samples. Samples from multiple locations within Gale crater evolved methane with highly fractionated carbon isotopes. We suggest three routes by which highly fractionated carbon could be deposited on Mars, with each suggesting that Martian carbon cycling is quite distinct from that of the present Earth. Obtaining carbon isotopic information for organic carbon from Martian sediments has long been a goal of planetary science, as it has the potential to elucidate the origin of such carbon and aspects of Martian carbon cycling. Carbon isotopic values (δ13CVPDB) of the methane released during pyrolysis of 24 powder samples at Gale crater, Mars, show a high degree of variation (−137 ± 8‰ to +22 ± 10‰) when measured by the tunable laser spectrometer portion of the Sample Analysis at Mars instrument suite during evolved gas analysis. Included in these data are 10 measured δ13C values less than −70‰ found for six different sampling locations, all potentially associated with a possible paleosurface. There are multiple plausible explanations for the anomalously depleted 13C observed in evolved methane, but no single explanation can be accepted without further research. Three possible explanations are the photolysis of biological methane released from the subsurface, photoreduction of atmospheric CO2, and deposition of cosmic dust during passage through a galactic molecular cloud. All three of these scenarios are unconventional, unlike processes common on Earth.


Prosocial organizational behaviour has been outstretched by numerous researchers over a past few decades. In recent years, there has been a cumulative gratitude of the status of such behaviour at work place and has important implications in the organizations. Prosocial organizational behaviour is considered as one of the most crucial assets for the organisation to sustain in the market and for its development. This research paper highlights the various types of prosocial behaviour which are dysfunctional in nature and are essential for the active functioning of the organisation and on the root of which inferences are drawn for the same.


This article explores how educational reform became a primary concern for Shiʿi scholars and religious leaders as a means of integrating the Shiʿa of Lebanon into the broader national project during the French Mandate (1920-43). According to these Shiʿi writers, the lack of education contributed to their political and social marginalization as a community. This was the impetus for the development of the ʿĀmiliyya school in Beirut and the Jaʿfariyya school in Tyre. Based on archives from the ʿĀmiliyya and the Jaʿfariyya schools, this paper reflects on the pedagogical approaches taken by both schools to educate and "modernize" Shiʿi children during the French Mandate and early independence periods. Although each school had differing, and at times contrasting, objectives, their calls for educational advancement demonstrate Shiʿi efforts of inclusion into the new "modern" Lebanese nation-state. The establishment of the ʿĀmiliyya and the Jaʿfariyya schools demonstrates the growing sectarian and national underpinnings of the period.


Aim Our aim was to study whether the development in the rates of harm still follows the development in per capita alcohol consumption, and to clarify the relationship between alcohol consumption and related harms by paying attention to third factors affecting this relationship. Data Statistics on alcohol consumption and alcohol-related harm associated with the maintenance of public order and safety alcohol-related deaths and hospitalizations, and treatment for alcohol problems in the period 1990–2004. Analysis In the last 15 years, alcohol consumption in Finland first decreased during the economic recession of the early 1990s, and then increased almost constantly. Some harm series roughly followed these consumption trends, and for some others the connection with alcohol consumption became obvious when the effect of some third factor was taken into account. Harm rates also increased in 2004 when alcohol consumption increased by 10% after a decrease of alcohol excise duty rates of 33% on average. Conclusions In Finland changes in alcohol consumption are still today followed by changes in rates of alcohol-related harm.


Aluminum nitride (AlN) is a semiconductor material with the wide band gap. The requirement of the substrate for the semiconductor device is no surface damage. In this paper, based on the principle of the hydration reaction of aluminum nitride, the single crystal aluminum nitride was polished under dry conditions and wet conditions using a sol-gel (SG) tool. The abrasive used in the SG polishing tool was diamond with a particle size of $5~{\mu }\text{m}$ . Surface morphology of single crystal aluminum nitride was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Surface damage to the polished single crystal aluminum nitride was detected by 3D optical surface profiler, and the wear debris were analyzed by high resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The product of the hydration reaction remaining on the aluminum nitride surface after polishing was studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results demonstrate that the removal rate of single crystal aluminum nitride by wet polishing is higher than that of dry polishing. The final roughness Sa of workpiece by dry polishing is 1.8–2.2 nm, and the final roughness Sa of workpiece by wet polishing is 1.1–1.2 nm. In addition, wear debris of workpiece by two polishing methods are amorphous.


IEEE 802.15.4, a MAC/PHY protocol for low power and low data rate wireless networks, is emerging as the popular choice for various monitoring and control applications. Depending on the application, the traffic load on an IEEE 802.15.4 network may vary over a wide range. Hence, proper configuration is important for successful operation of the protocol under given traffic load conditions. In this paper, we examine the impact of different configuration parameters: namely, macMinBE, macMaxBE and macMaxCSMABackoffs, on the performance of beaconless IEEE 802.15.4 networks. The performance is measured in terms of the packet loss probability and the packet latency as the traffic load on the network increases. Based on this analysis, we suggest IEEE 802.15.4 configuration that results in a good tradeoff between the packet loss probability and the packet latency for a given traffic load range. This analysis is based on ns2 simulations.


Deep learning harnesses massive parallel floating-point processing to train and evaluate large neural networks. Trends indicate that deeper and larger neural networks with an increasing number of parameters achieve higher accuracy than smaller neural networks. This performance improvement, which often requires heavy compute for both training and evaluation, eventually needs to translate well to resource-constrained hardware for practical value. Structured pruning asserts that while large networks enable us to find solutions to complex computer vision problems, a smaller, computationally efficient sub-network can be derived from the large neural network that retains model accuracy but significantly improves computational efficiency. We generalize structured pruning with algorithms for network augmentation, pruning, sub-network collapse and removal. In addition, we demonstrate efficient and stable convergence up to 93% sparsity and 95% FLOPs reduction without loss of inference accuracy using with continuous relaxation matching or exceeding the state of the art for all structured pruning methods. The resulting CNN executes efficiently on GPU hardware without computationally expensive sparse matrix operations. We achieve this with routine automatable operations on classification and segmentation problems using CIFAR-10, ImageNet, and CityScapes datasets with the ResNet and U-NET network architectures.


Yield response of irrigated lowland rice (Oryza sativa L.) to nutrient application was determined to improve the information base for fertilizer use in the Sudan and Southern Guinea Savannas of Nigeria. Economically optimal rates (EOR) and agronomic efficiency (AE) were determined. Five N levels and four levels each P, K, and Zn were evaluated with two varieties at two locations. Nitrogen effects varied by variety and location but mean paddy yield with 0 kg ha–¹ N was 3.4 Mg ha–¹ and was increased by 1.3 Mg ha–¹ with 40 kg ha–¹ N. The mean EOR of N with fertilizer use cost to paddy price ratios (CP) of 2 to 6 were 56 to 38 kg ha–¹ N, respectively. Yield increases with P, K and Zn application were infrequent. Paddy yield was increased in one of four cases with up to 1.5 kg ha–¹ Zn. There were no paddy yield increases but some decreases with application of Mg-S-B in addition to N-P-K-Zn. The overall AE of N at EOR with a CP of 4 was 25.3 kg kg–¹. The profit potential of N application was greater for Faro 44 compared with Faro 52 at both locations. Financially constrained farmers who opt to apply N at 50 compared with 100% EOR when CP was 4 can expect 16% less yield increase but 67% higher AE and value to cost ratio. Application of fertilizer N, maybe with P at Kadawa, can be highly profitable for irrigated lowland rice in these agro-ecological zones.


Background Flickering light is different from the normal light environment.Animal experiment proved that flickering light can induce myopia.But its mechanism remains unclear.Objective This study was to investigate the expression of c-fos gene in retina of myopic C57BL/6J mice induced by flickering light and monocular form deprivation.Methods Ninety clean C57BL/6J mice aged 28-day-old with the similar refraction in both eyes were randomly assigned to five groups.Fifteen mice in the control group were exposed to continuous white light environment.The white flickering light with the frequency of 10,5,2 Hz were used to irradiate the mice respectively in high frequency flickering group (15 mice),moderate frequency flickering group (15 mice) and low frequency flickering group (15 mice),respectively.The right eyes of other 30 mice were monocularly occluded with a semitransparent hemispherical thin plastic shell to establish the form deprivation models and then were exposed to white light environment.The diopter and ocular axial length were measured by murine-specific eccentric infrared photorefraction and A-scan ultrasonography before experiment and two weeks after the treatments.At the end of experiment,the mice were sacrificed by neck dislocation.Mice eyes were enucleated and retinal samples were prepared for the detect of c-fos protein and its mRNA by immunohistochemistry,Western blot and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR),respectively.Results Immunohistochemistry showed that the expressing rate ofc-fos protein in retina was (68.000±10.368)%,(51.000±6.519)%,(46.000±6.519)%,(31.000±7.416)% and (25.000 ± 7.071)% in the control group,high frequency flickering group,moderate frequency flickering group,low frequency flickering group and form deprivation group respectively 2 weeks after experiment.The expression rates of c-fos protein in retina in different frequencies of flickering light groups and form deprivation group were significantly lower than that in the control group (t =3.104,4.017,6.490,7.661,all P<0.05),with the lowest rate in the form deprivation group (P<0.05).The expression of c-fos detected by Western blot assay exhibited that the relative values of c-fos protein in retina (c-fos/GAPDH) was 0.804±0.050,0.687±0.047,0.667±0.036,0.558±0.036 and 0.532 ±0.056,respectively in the control group,high frequency flickering group,moderate frequency flickering group,low frequency flickering group and form deprivation group,illustrating significantly lowing in different frequencies of flickering light groups and form deprivation group compared with control group (t =2.961,3.184,6.971,6.276,all P<0.05),whereas the c-fos in the low frequency group and form deprivation group,c-fos protein was less expressed in comparison with the higher frequency flicking group (P<0.05).The expression level of c-fos mRNA (c-fos mRNA/GAPDH mRNA) in retina was 0.820±0.056,0.663±0.061,0.627±0.034,0.521±0.041 and 0.474 ±0.045 in the control group,high frequency flickering group,moderate frequency flickering group,low frequency flickering group and form deprivation group,respectively.These results demonstrated a significant decline in the expression of c-fos mRNA in different frequencies of flickering group and form deprivation group compared with the control group(t=3.262,5.070,7.173,8.305,all P<0.05),and the inhibition ability of low frequency of flickering group and form deprivation group was much stronger.Conclusions The c-fos gene level in the retina has a negative relationship with the severity of myopia induced by flickering light and form deprivation.

Key words:
c-fos gene;  Refractive error/myopia;  Flickering light;  Form deprivation


Intreduction. Let G be a compact Lie group, T a maximal torus・of G, 9V(G) the Weyl group of G and X a compact G-space. Then the following results on the equivariant KJ-theory will be required from [1] and [2]. Tkeorem (A). (i) VVe have a ring homomorphism R(G)--->R(T) (by the restriction maP) which is inj'ective. R(G) maPs (biiectively) onto the ring of invariants.of R(T) under the action of VV(G). (ii) The sequence


Phosphorus (P) is essential for plants and animals because of its role in vital life processes, such as in photosynthesis in plants and energy transformations in all forms of life. It also has a significant role in sustaining and building up soil fertility, particularly under intensive systems of agriculture. Soils are known to vary widely in their capacities to supply P to crops because only a small fraction of the total P in soil is in a form International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 9 Number 8 (2020) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com

https://www.ijcmas.com/9-8-2020/Kashyap N. Patel, et al.pdf


Different species of Daphnia show differences in their swimming behavior under different environmental conditions. We measured the three-dimensional swimming behavior of individual adult female Daphnia in the mesocosm-scale Plon plankton towers (6400 1) and in small (183 ml) observation chambers. Speed, sinking rate and turning angle were chosen as optimal variables for describing the free-swimming animals of four species. Speed, sinking rate and turning angle show uni- formity of variance among treatments, and they are relatively independent. Light level and food level strongly affected swimming behavior. Light and food effects tended to be independent, although there were two instances of synergism (out of 12 possible interactions). Each of the four species (one clone per species) showed a unique response to food and light, which may reflect the diverse environmental origin of each clone. Swimming behavior was consistently different between the small-scale (183 ml) observation chamber and the mesocosm-scale (6400 1) plankton tower, suggesting that container size affects swimming behavior: in the smaller chamber, Daphnia, regardless of species, swam slower, sank slower and tended to move in straighter paths.


Abstracts of Role of Analytical Sciences in Sustainable Development Organized by: Department of Chemistry, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, India in collaboration with Indian society of Analytical Scientists- Delhi Chapter (ISAS-DC) and Petrotech Society Dates: 4-5 March 2016.


An exactly aggregable system of Gorman Engel curves for U.S. food consumption is developed and implemented. Box-Cox transformations on prices and income nest functional form. The model nests rank up to rank three. The model is estimated by nonlinear three-stage least squares with annual time series data on 21 foods, 17 nutrients, age and race demographics, and the distribution of income for 1919-1941 and 1947-2000. Results are consistent with full rank three. Point estimates for the Box-Cox parameters on income and prices are 0.86 and 1.09, respectively, strongly rejecting zero and one in both cases. No statistical evidence of serial correlation, specification errors, or parameter instability is found.


Informal logic is a logic of argument or philosophy (theory) of argument. It resulted from the response of university logic course to the need of actual life. There are different understandings about the object and nature of informal logic. There are also oppositions to informal logic. Though informal logic is still out of the vision of the mainstream philosophy, it is worth attaching importance to in that it examines a series of argument problems from unorthodox logic vision.


Double ionization of He by two intense attosecond pulses has been investigated by using the time-dependent close-coupling method. By adjusting the time delay between the two attosecond pulses so as to coordinate the sequential two-photon absorption in He, we can examine electron correlation effects in this three-body Coulomb system. The double-ionization cross-sections from sequential two-photon absorption indicate that the correlation time between the two electrons [partially/fully ionized], on the order of ∼1.5 fs in the specific case of photon energy eV, can be measured. This demonstrates the feasibility of directly probing ultrafast electron correlation in the time domain.


Black pigmentation in animals and humans is the outcome of eumelanin synthesis, a process known to be primarily regulated by binding of a-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (a-MSH) and ACTH in humans to the melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) that is expressed on melanocytes. It is well established that activation of the MC1R by its agonists stimulates adenylate cyclase and increases the intracellular levels of cAMP (Suzuki et al., 1996). The cAMP-mediated signaling pathway is considered the main signaling pathway of the activated MC1R, and a major regulator of eumelanin production. Agents that increase cAMP levels, such as forskolin, a direct activator of adenylate cyclase, or isobutyl methylxanthine, an inhibitor of phosphodiesterases, mimic a-MSH in stimulating eumelanin synthesis. An important participant in regulating MC1R function is agouti-signaling protein (ASIP), the product of the agouti gene, which is responsible for pigment type switching in various animal species, resulting in the agouti phenotype, characterized by hairs having a yellow band intercepting two flanking proximal and distal black bands. The yellow band results from the interruption of eumelanin synthesis and the production of pheomelanin due to the temporal expression of ASIP. Agouti-signaling protein is the physiological antagonist of the MC1R and functions as a competitive inhibitor for a-MSH, preventing its binding to the receptor and stimulating eumelanin synthesis. While the MC1R–a-MSH–ASIP system is well characterized, it does not explain the paradox that C57BL ⁄ 6 mice that express a null mutation in Pomc, the gene that codes for the precursor protein of melanocortins, does not alter the pigmentary phenotype. Possible explanations for this phenomenon include expression of an MC1R with a high constitutive activity, or existence of an alternative agonist for the receptor. The investigative team led by Greg Barsh (Candille et al., 2007) identified a novel genetic locus, the K locus that is responsible for the black coat color in domestic dogs, and is distinct from agouti or Mc1r. They found that the K locus has three alleles with the following hierarchy in dominance: Black (K) > Brindle (K) > Yellow (K). Using an association-based strategy, they identified the K mutation to be a 3 bp deletion in the second exon of CBD 103, the ortholog for the human DEF103, or human b-defensin 3 (HBD3), with a predicted in-frame deletion of glycine (DG23). In a survey of the expression of the 19 b-defensin genes that are clustered on chromosome 16 or 25, the authors carried out RT-PCR on RNA isolated from the skin of different breeds of dogs, and were able to detect only two genes, CBD1 and CBD103. The authors hypothesized that K is the ancestral allele, while K is the derived variant. The product of the former allele is predicted to be a 45-amino acid protein that includes six cysteine residues and begins with glycine, referred to as CBD103, and the product of the K differs only in deletion of the glycine residue, and is referred to as CBD103DG23. Expression of K or K alleles in transgenic mice on Agouti background resulted in a black coat color, lower body weight and smaller size, compared with the non-transgenic litter mates. What is most interesting is the finding that synthetic CBD103 and CBD103DG23 could bind the dog, mouse, as well as human Mc1r, with the latter consistently having a higher binding affinity than the former. CBD103DG23 could also bind to human Mc4r. However, neither protein had any effect on cAMP levels in cells transfected with Mc1r constructs. HBD3, the human ortholog of the canine CBD103, as well as HBD1, which lies within the same cluster as HBD3, had a high binding affinity for human Mc1r. These findings, together with the observation that neither CBD103 nor CBD103DG23 interact structurally or functionally with ASIP-YY, an analog of ASIP, suggest that these two proteins are Coverage on: Candile et al. (2007) A betadefensin mutation causes black coat colour in dogs. Science 318: 1418–1423.


To examine the effect of radar data assimilation and increasing horizontal resolution on the short-term numerical weather prediction, comparative numerical experiments are conducted for a Huabei (North China) torrential rainfall event by using the Advanced Regional Prediction System (ARPS) and ARPS Data Analysis System (ADAS). The experiments use five different horizontal grid spacings, i.e., 18, 15, 9, 6, and 3 km,respectively, under the two different types of analyses: one with radar data, the other without. Results show that, when radar data are not used in the analysis (i.e., only using the conventional observation data), increasing horizontal resolution can improve the short-term prediction of 6 h with better representation of the frontal structure and higher scores of the rainfall prediction, particularly for heavy rain situations. When radar data are assimilated, it significantly improves the rainfall prediction for the first 6 h, especially the locality and intensity of precipitation. Moreover, using radar data in the analysis is more effective in improving the short-term prediction than increasing horizontal resolution of the model alone, which is demonstrated by the fact that by using radar data in the analysis and a coarser resolution of the 18-km grid spacing, the predicted results are as good as that by using a higher resolution of the 3-km grid spacing without radar data. Further study of the results under the radar data assimilation with grid spacing of 18-3 km reveals that the rainfall prediction is more sensitive to the grid spacing in heavy rain situations (more than 40 mm) than in ordinary rain situations (less than 40 mm). When the horizontal grid spacing reduces from 6 to 3 km, there is no obvious improvement to the prediction results. This suggests that there is a limit to how far increasing horizontal resolution can do for the improvement of the prediction. Therefore, an effective approach to improve the short-term numerical prediction is to combine the radar data assimilation with an optimal horizontal resolution.


We might read L'hermaphrodite: Sarrasine sculpteur by Michel Serres trying to imagine what it would be like if it was illustrated with some of Leonardo da Vinci's drawings and paintings. There is a similarity between Serres' thought and Leonardo's iconic production, and it is based on the idea of enantiomorphism: a kind of morphogenesis among stones, animals, letters and bodies. The incarnato, the veil, the friction between surfaces and the inversion of the senses invite us to think about a theory of multiplicity that exalts the peculiarity of each single body. Either a gay science or a pataphysics.


The Swedish historian of religions Olav Hammer's doctoral dissertation on the epistemological strategies of the current European esoteric traditions is a remarkable contribution to the understanding of the historical continuum ranging from traditional Theosophy to New Age religion. Hammer's book brings together a number of different and relevant themes by discussing highly differentiated empirical material in the shape of religious texts. The main question, which the book seeks to explain, is how various religious phenomena are adapted to the conditions of the modern world? In order to answer the question, Hammer examines three discursive themes which are fundamental to the esotericism of Theosophy and subsequently New Age religion. These themes are: "Tradition", "Scientism", and "Experience".


A fractional order model of a hydro turbine governing system (FOHTGS) is derived using the Grunwald‐Letnikov's (GL) method. This model is developed using its integer order. Dynamical properties of FOHTGS, such as equilibrium point and its stability, Hopf bifurcation, and Lyapunov exponents (LEs) are investigated. Different dynamics of FOHTGS with respect to changing fractional order of the system and its parameter are studied. The FOHTGS shows multistability and coexisting attractors. To support the existence of multistability, some coexisting attractors are presented. A fuzzy PID based chaos control algorithm is designed and proposed in a hydro turbine governing system (HTGS). Numerical simulations are conducted to validate the effectiveness of the derived controller.


Emission spectra of the red phytochrome form (Pr) and fluence time‐response curves of the Pr fluorescence intensity changes were measured in etiolated pea seedlings at low temperatures (80–150 K) in connection with its phototransformations into the initial photoproduct (Lr) and back upon actinic red (667 nm) and far‐red (696 nm) illumination. The variable fluorescence reaches 45% at 85 K and decreases with the rise of temperature. Three kinetic components of the changes were found in the direct (Pr→Lr) and back (Lr→Pr) photoreactions belonging to three states of phytochrome: "slow", "fast" and "very fast" (respective indices: s, f and vf). The amplitudes of the components and rate constants to reach photoequilibrium were determined in the direct and back photoreactions at different temperatures, and from this, their quantum yields, extent of the Pr↔Lr phototransformation and activation energy of the reactions were evaluated for the three Pr and Lr states. The yields differ from each other by approximately a factor of 10 and those for the direct and back photoreactions are close to each other. The proportion of the amplitudes of the variable fluorescence of the three phytochrome states changes with temperature and upon the Pr→Lr photo‐transformation and the Pr states differ in the position of their emission spectra by 3–5 nm. A close similarity between the Pr and Lr properties was observed, which implies a symmetrical scheme of their photoreactions. It is suggested that the three phytochrome species may originate in different conformational states of the chromophore and they independently transform in parallel photoreactions into the respective photoproducts: Prvf↔Lrvf, Prf↔Lrf and Prs↔Lrs.


Even though the result of tidal locking is well understood, there were no mentions of the process that goes through as the body gets tidally locked. This paper simulates the process using only the inverse square law of gravity, and Hooke's law. To simulate the deformation of the Moon in 2D, it was necessary to give it a shape of a decagon with a fixed center and masses distributed at each vertex. 10 point-masses in vertices of the decagon that inscribed the circle that had the radius same as the real moon. All point masses at the vertices of the decagon were connected to their adjacent masses by imaginary springs with a spring constant $k_{a}$ and they were also connected to the center of the moon by imaginary springs with spring constant $k_{c}$. Wolfram Mathematica was used to solve resulting differential equations for the simulation that was run for 40 years' worth of motion varying the values of spring constants. The Curve fit of the v(t) graph was calculated for each data using a model of exponential decay function. By using $ax^{2}+bxy+cy^{2}=1$, the ellipse curve fit was computed for every graph in a data for every 10 years. The Data showed the relationship between the spring constant, the damping factor and the time until tidal locking. The results showed that the spring constant $k_{c}$ and the damping rate d affects the tidal locking rate in a predictable manner. By calculating the half life of the exponential decay, it should be possible to predict the time at which a planet or a moon is tidally locked although this process must be too slow for human scale. On the other hand, the results also showed tidal locking is not inevitable. When the body under tidal force is hard enough, or when the gravity differential is not large enough, the planet/satellite will keep rotating at the same rate.


"My baby spits up so often." This complaint is frequently heard during well child visits. Usually, spitting is not a worrisome problem for parents, infants, or health care providers. In certain cases, however, spitting may be a symptom of underlying gastrointestinal pathology. Therefore, it is the "well baby caretaker" who determines for which patients spitting requires a more extensive workup. One cause of spitting and vomiting in infants and children is gastroesophageal reflux (GER).


The only author ever to win the Booker Prize twice, J. M. Coetzee is, without question, one of the world's greatest novelists. Now his many admirers will have the pleasure of reading his significant body of literary criticism. This volume gathers together for the first time in book form, twenty-six pieces on books and writing, all but one previously published. Stranger Shores opens with "What is a Classic?" in which Coetzee explores the answer to his own question-"What does it mean in living terms to say that the classic is what survives?"-by way of T. S. Eliot, Johann Sebastian Bach and Zbigniew Herbert. His subjects range from the great eighteenth and nineteenth century writers Daniel Defoe, Samuel Richardson and Ivan Turgenev, to the great German modernists Rilke, Kafka, and Musil, to the giants of late twentieth century literature, among them Harry Mulisch, Joseph Brodsky, Jorge Luis Borges, Salman Rushdie, Amos Oz, Naguib Mahfouz, Nadine Gordimer, and Doris Lessing.


Objective To assess the effect of Tibolone on the quality of life of patients with epithelial ovarian cancer.Methods Patients with epithelial ovarian cancer who underwent surgery and regular adjuvant chemotherapy from January,2009 to August,2010 in Shengjing Hospital were recruited in this study.In the regular adjuvant chemotherapy,patients filled in Kupperman scale.The patients who got the score greater than 15 points would be divided into two groups based on whether they were willing to use Tibolone.The experimental group began to receive tibolone 2.5 mg once a day orally for 6 months 4 to 6 weeks postoperatively.Eventually there were 30 patients completing the experiment,then we chose non-randomly analysis to pair the control group according to the clinical stage and age.Results ① Kupperman Scale:The point of experimental group was(4.97±1.88)which was significantly lower than the control group(20.53±5.16).② EORTC-C 30 questionnaire:Functional sub-scale:the experimental group scores in physical function,emotional function,social function and role function were significant higher than that in the control group;symptoms sub-scales:the scores of insomnia,nausea,vomiting,fatigue, loss of appetite and other symptoms in the experimental group were significant lower than that in the control group; as for the overall health score,the experimental group was significantly higher than control group.③ Side effects of chemotherapy:Patients in the experimental group were with mild symptoms of peripheral nerve compared to the control group(P0.05);The experimental group had no significant statistical difference with control group(P0.05) in white blood cell count.Conclusion Tibolone can obviously reduce the symptoms of estrogen deficiency and the side effects of chemotherapy,also it can improve the quality of life for patients with epithelial ovarian cancer.


Objective To understand the psychology,the orientation,and the information demands in choosing a job among nursing interns with different educational background for a better career guidance. Methods A total of 272 nursing interns (34 technical school students,111 junior college students,and 127 undergraduates) practicing in 7 general hospitals in Fujian province were investigated in terms of the psychology,the orientation,and the information demands in choosing an occupation. Results ①There were statistically significant difference in the employment psychology and employment orientations on choosing hospitals among the nursing interns with different educational background(P0.05).②Job skills training was in the greatest need for most of the technical school interns,while most of the junior college interns and the undergraduates were greatly demand for the information about employment hospitals. ③Most of the technical school interns and the junior college interns derived employment information from the network and friends. Besides that,the undergraduates got employment information from university career lectures. ④The employment training for the technical school interns was significantly less than that of the junior college interns and the undergraduates(P0.05). Conclusion Schools should pay more attention on the employment counseling and guidance,helping nursing students establish a correct outlook on employment and access to employment information.


At present,on-the-spot reports of social news which mainly consist of disclosing or summarizing some great social events' background arouse the people attention and exert intense echo.However,most on-the-spot reports didn't disclose the rich and profound connotation because of simplify for racing against current time.We should draw on the experience of"Pulitzer Price Feature Stories"in this aspect:literature and creation of surpassing limited time zone,news limitation and historical feeling of disclosing the things essence,social obligation and the common people consciousness of implementing care for human.Therefore,we can write out on-the-spot of social news with unique idea and insight.