Smartphones and tablets with their apps pervaded our everyday life, leading to a new demand for search tools to help users find the right apps to satisfy their immediate needs. While there are a few commercial mobile app search engines available, the new task of mobile app retrieval has not yet been rigorously studied. Indeed, there does not yet exist a test collection for quantitatively evaluating this new retrieval task. In this paper, we first study the effectiveness of the state-of-the-art retrieval models for the app retrieval task using a new app retrieval test data we created. We then propose and study a novel approach that generates a new representation for each app. Our key idea is to leverage user reviews to find out important features of apps and bridge vocabulary gap between app developers and users. Specifically, we jointly model app descriptions and user reviews using topic model in order to generate app representations while excluding noise in reviews. Experiment results indicate that the proposed approach is effective and outperforms the state-of-the-art retrieval models for app retrieval.


The Christ in Michelangelo's Florentine Pieta (Fig. 1) is short one leg, and yet the missing limb is rarely missed, so well does the figure in its truncated state seem to work. Some even regard the lack of the other leg as an aesthetic gain.1 It is to those who take this position or who for any reason whatever deplore the attempt to put back what Michelangelo had removed that I offer this consideration: Michelangelo certainly did not conceive a Christ with amputations. He planned a whole, and whatever that whole was meant to embody he lived with for some eight years until the mid-1550's when he destroyed the work. And any thought that Michelangelo entertained for nearly a decade is worth thinking again. Hence we may well ask how the missing member completes Michelangelo's group.


A case of a splenic abscess developing in a patient with previous known infarctions is presented. The authors believe the infarctions predisposed this patient to an abscess, which was proven at autopsy.


Sixteen bryozoan species have been identified in the Bayayla section, Mut Basin, southern Turkey. Five of these species are described here, including two new to science representing new genera: Basyaylella elsae gen. et sp. nov. and Ostruvskia trifuramina gen. et sp. nov. The other three described species (Exidmunea sp., Biflustra savartii, and Margaretta sp.) show unusual features that have not been reported previously. Based on bryozoan data, the Bayayla sequence represents a tropical to subtropical, normal marine environment, with seafloor composed of fine sedimentary particles in a low-energy setting.


Abstract : The Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) is an ongoing cooperative program sponsored jointly by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Canadian Wildlife Service. Its main purpose is to estimate population trends of the many species of birds that nest in North America north of Mexico and that migrate across international boundaries. This survey provides information, both locally by ecological or political regions and on a continental scale.


Intracellular localization has been reported for over three‐quarters of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) families in response to environmental stimuli. Internalized RTK may bind to non‐canonical substrates and affect various cellular processes. Many of the intracellular RTKs exist as fragmented forms that are generated by γ‐secretase cleavage of the full‐length receptor, shedding, alternative splicing, or alternative translation initiation. Soluble RTK fragments are stabilized and intracellularly transported into subcellular compartments, such as the nucleus, by binding to chaperone or transcription factors, while membrane‐bound RTKs (full‐length or truncated) are transported from the plasma membrane to the ER through the well‐established Rab‐ or clathrin adaptor protein‐coated vesicle retrograde trafficking pathways. Subsequent nuclear transport of membrane‐bound RTK may occur via two pathways, INFS or INTERNET, with the former characterized by release of receptors from the ER into the cytosol and the latter characterized by release of membrane‐bound receptor from the ER into the nucleoplasm through the inner nuclear membrane. Although most non‐canonical intracellular RTK signaling is related to transcriptional regulation, there may be other functions that have yet to be discovered. In this review, we summarize the proteolytic processing, intracellular trafficking and nuclear functions of RTKs, and discuss how they promote cancer progression, and their clinical implications.


BACKGROUND
Inhaled bronchodilators form the mainstay of treatment for acute exacerbations of COPD. Two types of agent are used routinely, either singly or in combination: anticholinergic agents and beta2-sympathomimetic agonists.

OBJECTIVES
To assess the effect of anti-cholinergic agents on lung function and dyspnea in patients with acute exacerbations of COPD, compared with placebo or short-acting beta-2 agonists.

SEARCH STRATEGY
A comprehensive search of the literature was carried out on MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and the Cochrane COPD Trials Register, using the terms: bronchodilator* OR ipratropium OR oxitropium. References listed in each included trial were searched for additional trial reports.

SELECTION CRITERIA
Studies were included if the participants were adult patients with a known diagnosis of COPD and had symptoms consistent with criteria for acute exacerbation of COPD. All randomized controlled trials that compared inhaled ipratropium bromide or oxitropium bromide to appropriate controls were considered. Appropriate control treatments included placebo, other bronchodilating agents, or combination therapies. Studies of acute asthma or ventilated patients were excluded.

DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
All trials that appeared to be relevant were assessed by two reviewers who independently selected trials for inclusion. Differences were resolved by consensus.

MAIN RESULTS
Four trials compared the short-term effects of ipratropium bromide vs. a beta2-agonist. Short-term changes in FEV1 (up to 90 minutes) showed no significant difference between beta2-agonist and ipratropium bromide treated patients. The differences were similar among the studies and when combined: Weighted Mean Difference (WMD) 0.0 liters (95% Confidence Interval (95% CI) -0.19, 0.19). There was no significant additional increase in change in FEV1 on adding ipratropium to beta2-agonist: WMD 0.02 liter (95% CI -0.08, 0.12). Long-term effects (24 hours) of the ipratropium bromide and beta2-agonist treatment combination were similar: WMD 0.05 liters (95%CI -0.14, 0.05). Neither of two studies found significant changes in PaO2, either short- or long-term, with ipratropium vs. beta-agonist, although one showed an increase in PaO2 in subjects receiving ipratropium bromide at 60 minutes. Adverse drug reactions included dry mouth and tremor.

REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS
There was no evidence that the degree of bronchodilation achieved with ipratropium bromide was greater than that using a short-acting beta2-agonist. The combination of a beta2-agonist and ipratropium did not appear to increase the effect on FEV1 more than either used alone.


To the Editor: A content-based mammogram retrieval system can support the usual comparisons made on images by physicians, answering similarity queries over the images stored in the database. The importance of searching for similar mammograms comes from the fact that physicians usually try to recall similar cases by seeking images that are pathologically similar to a given image. Although mammogram retrieval research has been reported in recent years, one of the drawbacks which exists in those existing retrieval systems (1–4) is that the used features are based on the subjective visual perception of the system designers rather than on objective definitions of common mammographic standards such as Breast Imaging Reporting And Data System (BI-RADS). The BI-RADS was developed by the American College of Radiology to enable standardized classification for evaluating the morphology of breast lesions and the categorization of the findings in an unambiguous report (5). For this reason, the features extracted should be explained for their medical significance with respect to mammographic lesions and whether the features can reflect lesion similarity from the radiologists' point of view. We have developed a complete content-based mammogram retrieval system, which employs a query example to search for pathologically similar mammograms in the database. The proposed mammogram retrieval system can automatically perform segmentation and feature extraction on major abnormalities—tumors and calcifications. The mammograms are interpreted based on their morphological characteristics specified in the BI-RADS standards, where tumors are described by shape, margin, and density while calcifications are characterized by type and distribution. To maximize the effectiveness of each feature as a mammographic descriptor, a similarity measure (as shown in Fig. 1), including the hierarchical arrangement of mammographic features and a distance weighting function based on hierarchical feature sets is proposed for similarity matching. In the hierarchical arrangement (as shown in Table 1), the features are placed at different layers in terms of their importance. The features placed at the lower feature layers are regarded as the major characteristics of a mammographic lesion whereas the features at the higher feature layers describe the fine detail of any abnormalities. The data set consists of 2,563 mammograms from the Digital Database for Screening Mammography database (6), including 1,919 mass mammograms and 644 calcification mammograms. The ground truth of the data set following the BI-RADS specification was identified by experienced radiologists. For tumor retrieval, our result shows that the round-shape and circumscribed-margin class can achieve the highest precision (70%) in the first result page and remains at 68–65% for the second page to 10th page while the other lesion classes have lower precision rates from 57% to 45%. The oval-shape and obscured-margin


As children have been increasingly conceptualized as active participants in their own social worlds, researchers have sought methods able to reveal children's perspectives as arbiters of their own experience. In an autodriven interview, photographs of the child's experiences serve as the basis for a child‐directed interview. Studies using this method illustrate its benefit for revealing child‐relevant content. In a study of childhood chronic illness, autodriving encouraged the child's free recall, sense of personal control, and ability to reflect upon photographed events.


The article discusses the concept of irreversibility in psychoanalysis. By examining some of the key stages in the development of the Freudian enterprise, it argues that there is a single question that psychoanalysis has been dealing with from the very beginning and that enables us to articulate the real core of its history. The question that progressively produced the disposition of psychoanalysis, i.e. the irreversible trajectory on which it has been situated ever since, is the following:  Is it possible to intervene into the irreversible? Keywords: Cut; Irreversibility; Disposition; Constitution; Accidental.


Three species are strongly indicated in the Cacatua pastinator complex of Australia: the eastern long-billed tenuirostris, the western long-billed pastinator and the short-billed sanguinea. The latter is composed of five subspecies (three in Australia and two overseas). New information indicates that pastinator and sanguinea became sympatric in the northern wheatbelt of south-western Australia about 75 years ago through man's agricultural activities yet rarely, if ever, hybridize. Multivariate analyses revealed only one possible hybrid in 176 adult specimens from the overlap zone. Though the northern population of pastinator is morphometrically intermediate between the southern population of pastinator and that of sanguinea in the Pilbara, no support was found for the intermediacy having been caused by either an ancient-cline involving all three population or past introgression. A re-examination of character states in the complex indicates that pastinator and tenuirostris might not have independently acquired a long-tipped bill. If previous diagnoses of ancestral and derived character states are accepted, the most parsimonious sequence of events requires tenuirostris and pastinator to have evolved from a common long-billed ancestor. If a critical character in tenuirostris is reassessed as ancestral and if only progressive character state changes are permitted, a cladogram showing a convergence in bill length is obtained. However, if reversals are permitted, parsimoniously derived cladograms indicate other evolutionary possibilities. Genetic data are required for further eludication of phylogenetic relationships in the complex.


This paper summarized the technical experience of Pinus massoniana container seedlings with greenhouse cultivation since 2002,such as the seedling medium choice,placing the container,seed processing and sowing,temperature control,humidity control,irrigation,fertilization,pest control in greenhouse and other technical aspects.


SummaryThe effects of nutrition on the incidence of fruit ripening disorders are described, based on studies of three varieties of tomato (Potentate, Moneymaker and J168) grown with 72 combinations of fertilizers in heated glasshouse borders. The treatments included three levels each of nitrogen and potassium in factorial combination with two levels of phosphorus, magnesium and lime.Potassium sulphate markedly decreased the overall percentage of unevenly ripened fruit from all three varieties. Magnesium sulphate had a similar but smaller effect; the response to magnesium was greatest at low levels of potassium. The higher level of phosphorus increased the proportion of unevenly ripened fruit, the combination of low potassium and high phosphorus having a particularly adverse effect. The responses to nitrogen were complex and differed between varieties. Lime increased the proportion of unevenly coloured fruit from varieties Moneymaker and J168, significantly in the high nitrogen plots. Numerous other intera...


In early Qing Dynasty,Heilongjiang is one of the important regions to station the Eight Banners.This article expounds the establishment and perfection of the Eight Banners and its commanding system,the distribution and scale in the east and west area of Heilongjiang and the internal structure and features.Furthermore,it probes into the local regime,its management form and features so as to reveal the great contribution of the Eight Banners into maintaining the control of Qing Dynasty,stabilizing frontier area and developing and protecting the north east area


The present accepted theory of isoimmunization in pregnancy as the cause of congenital hemolytic disease does not explain the manifold clinical manifestations; nor why in the majority of cases no abnormal isoagglutinins can be detected in the maternal serum; nor why in some cases where the maternal serum contains potent agglutinins, the infant is perfectly normal though its red cells contain the specific agglutinogen. These puzzles have been solved by the discovery 1 , 2 , 3 that individuals sensitized to agglutinogens such as Rh, Hr, A, B, etc., may form 2 sorts of antibodies, namely, agglutinins (bivalent antibodies) and/or blocking antibodies or glutinins (univalent antibodies). The clinical manifestations depend on the type of isoantibody present in the maternal serum, so according to the present writer's theory erythroblastosis fetalis comprises 2 disease syndromes instead of only one. The characteristics of these disease syndromes and the author's proposed terminology are as follows: (1) Congenital hemolytic disease. This syndrome is caused by the presence in the maternal serum of univalent antibodies specific for the fetal red cells. When only small amounts of antibody get into the fetal circulation, the infant is born alive, but develops an anemia which readily responds to proper transfusion therapy. When larger amounts are present in the maternal serum, so that more passes into the fetus, the process progresses further in utero until the degree of anemia is such that anoxemia of the capillary walls permits exudation of serum proteins into the tissue spaces. A stillbirth results, or a living infant with hydrops, an almost invariably fatal condition. In these "pale" cases the characteristic pathological findings are marked pallor, ascites, anasarca, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, and microscopically extramedullary islands of hematopoiesis in the liver and spleen and hemosiderosis of the liver and spleen. (2) Erythroblastosis proper. Since agglutinins are presumably larger molecules than blocking antibodies, these only rarely traverse the placenta during pregnancy. During labor and delivery, however, increased intrauterine pressure may milk agglutinins into the fetal circulation.


Silos are essential structures to maintain the quality of products such as grains, seeds and other agricole products used by industries, agricultural, and mineral sectors. The correct dimensioning and design of a silo project depends on determining the physical and mechanical properties of the products to be stored, since the type of flow as well as the intensity and distribution of stresses in the structure depend on these. There-fore, product characterization should be one of the first steps taken when designing or modifying a loading and unloading system. The characterization of the product to be stored consists of determining its physical properties, such as: consolidated specific weight, internal friction angle, effective internal friction angle, friction angle of the product with the wall, flow function, granulometry, and moisture and product content, which must be carried out under the most severe conditions that can occur in the silo. The Jenike Shear Test device is suitable equipment to measure these properties, making it possible to determine the stresses that the product will be subjected to during storage and in the flow conditions predicted to happen in the silo. There-fore, this review aimed to approach the physical and flow properties of stored products, enabling the development of safe, robust and reliable projects, in such a way that operations such as unloading, transilage, dosing, and packaging of products can be maximized. The importance of each property is noted, as it intrinsically affects the behavior of the product during storage, handling and processing.


A superjunction (SJ) structure using a high-k (Hk) insulator is studied and optimized by using an analytic model. Results by using the proposed model match well with that of numerical calculations. Numerical calculation results show that, only needing an Hk insulator with a permittivity of I = 5S, the optimum specific on-resistance of the MOSFET applying the proposed structure is about 8%–20% lower than that of the conventional SJ-MOSFET with V B = 200–1000 V. An example with V B = 400 V shows that, the permissible error range of doping concentration of the p-region to maintain above 80% of V B is from −37% to +32% for the former and is only from −13% to +13% for the latter.


Data for fields containing three of the youngest known pulsars reveal little radiation which can be attributable to supernova remnants associated with their formation. The present observations suggest a mean observable lifetime of less than about 20,000 yr for both pulsar and blast-wave powered remnants. The relatively rapid luminosity decline of both of these phenomena can be explained by a scenario in which the most massive supernova occurs within regions of low density bounded at radii of 10-30 pc by high-density shells. 60 refs.


Migratory flights by aphids can begin only when weather, especially light and temperature, permits take-off. For example light and temperature thresholds for take-off restrict the flight of Aphisfabae leaving its host plant within the daylight hours (Johnson & Taylor 1957). Once airborne, the temperature thresholds for continued flight differ considerably from those for take-off (Cockbain 1961; Taylor 1963). Some species of aphid, notably Schizaphis graminum, have been repeatedly recorded as migrating long distances. Because of the time taken for such migration, aphids must fly for more than one period of daylight and several species, including S. graminum, have been sampled at 2000 ft (609 m) over Kansas during the night (Berry & Taylor 1968). Hence either flight must continue, or take-off occur, during the night when light and temperature are most likely to be limiting (Taylor 1965). There is little evidence about continued flight at very low light intensities (Halgren & Taylor 1968); we here consider whether nocturnal take-off can contribute to overnight flights. We measured light and temperature thresholds for take-off by several species of aphid, including Aphisfabae and Schizaphis graminum, to seek specific limiting values that may permit, or prevent, nocturnal take-off as a prelude to long distance migration. The experiments showed also that some alatae were unwilling to take flight a second time, no matter how short the first flight had been and that some did not take off, as expected, at the end of the teneral period (Taylor 1957). This complicates the presentation of the temperature thresholds and has led to a revision of the former view of migrant aphids discussed elsewhere (Shaw 1968a, b).


The current study explores the role of leadership especially their styles among the project managers regarding the success of projects. The objective was to develop a theoretical framework from the literature in hand and then test the same in the contemporary environment. The literature survey was undertaken to state and elaborate the scope of the research topic. The present study was aimed at exploring and elaborating the styles of leadership and the demographics of the project managers in order to critically analyze the impact of the variables (Transformational, Transactional and Laissez-Faire leadership) on the project success. There were the personal attributes of the managers incorporated in this study such as gender, age, education. It was concluded that there is a prominent impact of leadership styles on the project success. Keywords : Styles of Leadership (Transformational, Transactional and Laissez-Faire leadership), Success of the project, Demographics.


In March 1942 President Franklin D. Roosevelt asked the eminent historian Carlton J. H. Hayes to become United States ambassador to Spain.1 Dr Hayes never ascertained who recommended him to the Chief Executive but the Columbia University professor assumed he had been nominated because he was a scholar of European history and a Roman Catholic.2 Hayes was reluctant to accept the ambassadorship but he decided to take the assignment because he viewed it as a patriotic obligation in time of war.3 He also regarded the posting as a challenge, an attitude encouraged by Roosevelt and others. The idea of selecting Hayes may have originated with the President. For at least a year, Roosevelt had been drawing the conduct of American foreign relations more and more into his own hands. A facet of this process was the President's replacement of 'independent' ambassadors with inconspicuous amateurs, a development that presumably would give the Chief Executive a freer hand in diplomacy.4 As Hayes' appointment was non-political and the professor inexperienced in official work, the choice may have seemed an ideal one. Of course Roosevelt realized that the ambassadorship in Spain required a delicate touch. Events since the collapse of France had made Spain and the actions of its government strategically significant. That regime, led by Generalissimo Francisco Franco, had never been warm towards the United States and such amity as had existed had dwindled after the drastic shift in the European balance of power in 1940. Yet the rulers of this 'new Spain' probably had no serious objections to Hayes. It was true that during the Spanish Civil War he had broken with some American Catholics because of their unqualified support of


In this report, we describe a study we conducted of patron opinions of the Norlin Library Learning Commons at the University of Colorado Boulder. We describe our findings and the method we used to conduct the study. Specifically, we used an iPad running an application called Penultimate to record data from participants involved in interviews and a walk-through of the Commons. We analyzed our data on Evernote, which is a document management system available on Macintosh, PC, and Linux computers; tablets; and various telephones. In this report, we describe the advantages of using such tools to conduct participant observation studies.


When the overload break-downs of transformer, motors, capacitors and exceeds the time allowed, due to heat effects etc factors, insulations were damaged, and further more short circuit was trigged, with equipment burnt and damaged. Introduction was made to the overload and time withstanding overload current; actions adopted for protection of overload and selections for circuit breakers and thermal relays for their protection charactoristics.


Food security has long been a primary concern of the Chinese government and the academic community owing to China's large population.Large differences exist among residents in food consumption structure and characteristics because of the influences of a variety of economic levels and habits of food consumption.In addition,rural residents,accounting for a large portion of the total population in China,differ obviously from the urban residents in food consumption structure.With continuously increasing population and improvement of living standard of people,the total food consumption in China will increase steadily,which would result in potential risks in national food security.To that end,it is essential to examine changes and trends in residents' food consumption in China and differences among urban and rural residents' food consumption in order to provide the government with scientific basis for decision making.Based on statistical data regarding food consumption of urban and rural residents in each province and municipality in China over the last 10 years,and some econometric methods,the authors analyzed characteristics of residents' food consumption from the point view of food consumption amount,structure and regional differences,and made an attempt to project trends in food consumption for urban and rural residents of each province and municipality(not including Taiwan Province) in China,and ultimately provided some suggestions on ensuring national food security.Results showed that urban and rural residents' grain consumption in China generally decreased during the past 10 years.Fresh vegetable consumption remained basically stable,but animal food consumption,such as pork,beef,mutton,poultry,and aquatic products,has increased.The urban residents' consumption on animal food was found to be significantly larger than was the rural residents,but the rural residents' grain consumption was lager than was the urban residents.There existed significant regional differences among food consumption types.With improvement in income levels,urban and rural residents' animal consumption in China,particularly poultry and aquatic products,would increase considerably.By contrast,grain consumption would decrease obviously,and vegetable would keep stable.In addition,the increasing rate of rural residents' animal consumption was estimated to be larger than that of the urban residents.The following measures could be taken to ensure national food security,such as establishing a new concept about "food" and expanding food supply sources to meet urban and rural residents' food demands,establishing corresponding food security strategies in terms of different stages of urban and rural residents' food consumption,improving the income and food consumption levels of the rural residents;adjusting agricultural structure in the light of the abovementioned characteristics of urban and rural residents' food consumption,changing the status of only focusing on grain production and putting forward national food security strategies on animal production.


In order to improve the optimal energy management of isolated microgrid, we proposed a multi-objective energy management model of microgrid with a hybrid energy storage system making use of complementary characteristics of battery and super-capacitor, which aims to improve the economical efficiency and environmental friendliness of the microgrid. Firstly, we used a fuzzy control to manage the hybrid energy storage system by taking the load forecast, scheduling period, real-time charging state of renewable energy storage devices into consideration. Secondly, taking multiple constraint conditions into account, we used an improved multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm to optimize the distributed generation output, and obtained final operation mode of the microgrid. Moreover, the proposed model is validated by comparisons of a variety of experiments. It is concluded that the proposed method can not only improve the reliability and economical efficiency of isolated microgrid operation, but also extend battery life and improve economical efficiency of the energy storage system.


Heterotopic rat heart allografts were performed in 35 rats. At intervals after transplantation, rats were killed and tissue concentrations of immunoassayable prostaglandin E (PGE) were measured in the native heart, transplanted heart, spleen, and thymus. A significant increase in allograft PGE activity was observed at days 5 through 7, coinciding with the onset of the rejection reaction. These studies implicate PGE in the host response to allografting, but further studies are needed to determine what (if any) role prostaglandins play in the rejection reaction.


Abstract Background: Resistance to endocrine treatment generally occurs over time, especially in the metastatic stage. In this paper, we aimed to review the mechanisms of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6 inhibition and clinical usage of new agents in the light of recent literature updates. Scope: A literature search was carried out using PubMed, Medline and ASCO and ESMO annual-meeting abstracts by using the following search keywords; "palbociclib", "abemaciclib", "ribociclib", "cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors" and "CDK 4/6" in metastatic breast cancer (MBC). The last search was on 10 June 2017. Findings: CDKs and cyclins are two molecules that have a key role in cell cycle progression. Today, there are three highly selective CDK4/6 inhibitors in clinical development – palbociclib, ribociclib and abemaciclib. Palbociclib and ribociclib were recently approved by the US FDA in combination with letrozole for the treatment of MBC in a first-line setting, as well as palbociclib in combination with fulvestrant for hormone-receptor (HR)-positive MBC that had progressed while on previous endocrine therapy according to the PALOMA-1, MONALEESA-2 and PALOMA-3 trials, respectively. In the recently published randomized phase III MONARCH 2 trial, abemaciclib plus letrozole had longer progression-free survival and higher objective response rates with less serious adverse events in advanced HR-positive breast cancer previously treated with hormonal treatment. Conclusion: CDK4/6 inhibition is a new and promising target for patients with hormone-receptor-positive MBC. Both palbociclib and ribociclib showed significant additive benefit for patients receiving first-line treatment for HR-positive, epidermal growth factor receptor-2-negative advanced breast cancer. Palbociclib and abemaciclib also had significant activity in combination with fulvestrant for patients with MBC that progressed on previous endocrine therapy.


Objective: To establish a method to determine the content of Forsythin in Xiaoerjinqiao Granules.Methods: High performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) was applied with the condition of 0.1% phosphoric acid-acetonitrile as mobile phase for gradient elution,the flow rate was 1.0 mL/min,the detection wavelength was 277 nm.Results: The calibration curve was linear in the range of 0.5-5.0 μg for Forsythin,r=0.999 9;the average recovery was 99.3%,and relative standard deviation RSD=0.25%(n=6).Conclusion: The established method is accurate and reliable,and can be used to determine the Forsythin in Xiaoerjinqiao Granules.


Retinal models based on the cellular neural network (CNN) paradigm have been widely used. These neuromorphic models are based on retinal anatomy and physiology. In this paper a framework is proposed for qualitative spatio-temporal studies in vertebrate retinas, the underlying retinal anatomy is followed as closely as possible, the characteristics of the physiological models, however, are kept simple. The goal is to model the qualitative effects, since the developed models are simple, compared to a fully neuromorphic one, we have a good chance to implement them on CNN Universal Machine chips using multi-layer technology.


The elemental lead (Pb) occurs naturally in the environment as well as being produced by mining and manufacturing activities [1]. Lead and its compounds are serious pollutants of the aquatic environment. Moreover, several authors also agree that toxic and non-biode‐ gradable metals such as lead accumulate in many fish species, causing various diseases such as renal [2, 3], hepatic lesions [4], endocrine impairment [5] and effect of cell membrane lip‐ ids in cells of the central nervous system.


Chlorine is the most used disinfectant of wasterwater due to its capacity to kill early many pathogenic microrganism. However, chlorine reacts with natural organic compounds present in wastewater to produce some undesirable organic by-products. The effectivess of chlorination for decreasing microbial numbers in wastewater and toxic effect was evalued .


A procedure has been developed for global energy minimization of surface loops of proteins in the presence of a fixed core. The ECEPP potential function has been modified to allow more accurate representations of hydrogen bond interactions and intrinsic torsional energies. A computationally efficient representation of hydration free energy has been introduced. A local minimization procedure has been developed that uses a cutoff distance, minimization with respect to subsets of degrees of freedom, analytical second derivatives, and distance constraints between rigid segments to achieve efficiency in applications to surface loops. Efficient procedures have been developed for deforming segments of the initial backbone structure and for removing overlaps. Global energy minimization of a surface loop is accomplished by generating a sequence (or a trajectory) of local minima, the component steps of which are generated by searching collections of local minima obtained by deforming seven‐residue segments of the surface loop. The search at each component step consists of the following calculations: (1) A large collection of backbone structures is generated by deforming a seven‐residue segment of the initial backbone structure. (2) A collection of low‐energy backbone structures is generated by applying local energy minimization to the resulting collection of backbone structures (interactions involving side chains that will be searched in this component step are not included in the energy). (3) One low‐energy side‐chain structure is generated for each of the resulting low‐energy backbone structures. (4) A collection of low‐energy local minima is generated by applying local energy minimization to the resulting collection of structures. (5) The local minimum with the lowest energy is retained as the next point of the trajectory. Applications of our global search procedure to surface segments of bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI) and bovine trypsin suggest that component‐step searches are reasonably complete. The computational efficiency of component‐step searches is such that trajectories consisting of about 10 component steps are feasible using an FPS‐5200 array processor. Our procedure for global energy minimization of surface loops is being used to identify and correct problems with the potential function and to calculate protein structure using a combination of sequence homology and global energy minimization.


There is still little common understanding of what green IT actually means, the measure to determine the capability of organizations to Green their IT remains elusive.In Malaysia Green IT development is still at the early stage, greater efforts and promotion is required to ensure understanding and success of development and implementation of Green Technology Policy in Malaysia.To overcome some of misunderstanding in Green IT field, this paper clarifies deferent perspectives and some important related issues like motives, readiness, barriers, and solutions within
green IT paradigm. The researchers have reviewed previous literatures to ensure wide understanding for issues regarding green IT.


BACKGROUND
To assess the expression patterns of the cancer testis antigen PRAME, NY-ESO1 and SSX2 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSSC) and to correlate the expression with clinical and histopathological parameters including progression-free survival analysis.

METHODS
The study variables of this retrospective cohort study (n = 83) included demographic data, histopathological data, and information on progression-free survival. PRAME expression patterns were rated based on immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays (TMA). Survival rate was assessed by Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression model. The primary predictor variable was defined as the expression of PRAME and the outcome variable was progression-free survival.

RESULTS
Analysis of progression-free survival using Kaplan-Meier method showed that patients with positive expression of PRAME had lower probabilities of progression-free survival (p < 0.001). According to the cox regression model, the level of PRAME expression had a considerable and significant independent influence on progression-free survival (positive PRAME expression increasing the hazards for a negative outcome by 285% in our sample; HR = 3.85, 95% CI: 1.45-10.2, p = 0.007). The expression of SSX2 (n = 1) and NY-ESO-1 (n = 5) in our samples were rare.

CONCLUSION
PRAME is expressed in OSCC and appears to be a suitable marker of progression-free survival, correlates with severe course, and may allow identification of high-risk patients with aggressive progression.


The paper discusses the mechanism of damage related to propagation of seismic waves, fault, PGD, liquefaction, soil media, geo-environment, geology condition and pipeline characteristics. The paper also proposes a method to monitor buried pipeline.


The stabilization mechanism of a turbulent lifted pulverized coal jet flame in a heated coflow is investigated by means of three-dimensional direct numerical simulation. The coal particles are tracked in the Lagrangian frame with experience of moisture evaporation, volatile releasing, and carbon combustion. The devolatilization process is modeled with a competing two-step model, and the carbon reaction is described by a single-film model. It is found that the mean velocities for the gas-phase and particles can develop into self-similar profiles, while the fluctuation velocities have not achieved the self-similar status. The turbulence can be enhanced by ignition and combustion processes. By investigating the correlations among the temperatures, heat release rate, and devolatilization rate, it is found that autoignition of the volatile is the key mechanism responsible for coal flame stabilization under the present condition. The heating effects from the stripe flames in the shear layers, heated coflow, and...


Linearity improvement technique of transconductor is presented in the paper. In order to certify the linearity improvement of proposed transconductor, the 3rd-order Elliptic low-pass Gm-C filter which provides 5MHz cutoff is implemented by using the transconductor. According to the ⅡP3 measurement result of filters, proposed filter has higher ⅡP3 than normal source-degeneration filter; the In-band IIP3 of proposed and normal filter are 10.1 ㏈m and 7.5 dBm respectively. The filter is fabricated in 1P6M 0.18- ㎛ CMOS while consuming the 3.3㎽ with 1.8 Vdd. The in-band input-referred noise voltage is 62.3 μVrms and the SFDR is 54.1 ㏈.


This is the author's accepted version of an article published in Viewpoints and included with kind permission of the British Society for the History of Science. Illustrations courtesy of Deutsches Museum, Munich


Asymptomatic carriage of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producers is a risk factor for infection, therefore colonization dynamics are important data to plan infection control. The study investigates faecal colonization with ESBL-producers among inpatients, outpatients and screened medical students and compares the characteristics of ESBL-producers among these groups. Carriage rates were investigated in 5581 faecal samples; 4343 from inpatients (330, 1397, 619 and 1864 from adult ICUs (intensive care unit), adult non-ICUs, pediatric ICUs and pediatric non-ICUs, respectively), 814 from outpatients and 424 from screening of medical students. ESBL producers were characterized by co-resistance, integrons carried, aminoglycoside resistance genes and ESBL genes. Dynamic regression models were used to identify relationships between combinations of time series of monthly antibiotic consumption, prevalence of carriers and infected patients. Epidemiology of colonization with ESBL-producers was different between pediatric ICU, adult ICU and adult non-ICU patients. In adults, carriage of ESBL-producers seems to be the consequence of infection, especially in ICUs; the main source of colonization is nosocomial acquisition. In contrast, children are less likely to acquire the colonizer strains in the hospital; importation of ESBL-producers by colonized children seems to be significant. type extended-spectrum beta-lactamase.


A method of preparing a liquid mixture of controlled pH including (i) one or more buffering species, (ii) an acid or alternatively a base, (iii) optionally a salt; and (iv) a solvent wherein the proportions of the different components ((I) to (iv)) of the mixture are concomitantly varied in such a way as to take into account of the interrelationship of the ionic strength and the pH of the mixture.


A numerical method is developed for fire spread simulation modelling. The model is a two-dimensional one which takes into account moisture content and radiation. We consider the combustion of a porous solid, where a simplified energy conservation equation is applied. The effect of the vegetation moisture and endothermic pyrolysis is incorporated in the model by means of a multivalued function representing the enthalpy. Some of the three-dimensional effects are incorporated in the model, i.e. heat losses in the vertical direction and non-local radiation from the flame above the vegetal layer. Also the radiation model allows to cope with wind and slope effects. The approximate solution is obtained using a finite element method. A semi-implicit Euler algorithm in time is applied. The resolution of the multivalued operator is done using the Yosida approximation of a perturbed multivalued operator. The characteristic method combined with a discrete ordinate method is used to solve the radiation equation. Finally, several representative examples are solved and compared with experimental data. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Poor air quality can pose severe risks to human health and can also influence negatively on the natural environment. Annaba suffers from air pollution due to the industrial activities occurring in the province including, electricity generation, waste incineration, chemistry and other small additional industrial operations. However, mining, steel industry and metallurgy are considered among the most polluting activities. The aim of our research is to assess the risks of air pollution emissions with NO2, SO2, Toluene and Benzene as a result of industrial enterprises activities in Annaba province. The application of geographical information system (GIS) mapping based on automatic monitoring networks of air quality, allows us the assessment of air pollution risks in the studied area. Two zones of air pollution with N02 in the level of 1 MPC has been recorded near the blast furnaces and the steel shop, the second halo of NO2 pollution was fixed over residential infrastructures. Moreover, revealed a tendency to higher content of nitrogen dioxide in the atmosphere of the bigger part of Annaba region. Corresponding to the data obtained from stationary monitoring networks, the annual average concentration of SO2 was significantly lower than the MPC. Based on GIS maps there are two areas with SO2 pollution inside the territory of El Hadjar metallurgical plant. A significant increase in concentrations of NO2 in the atmosphere of the industrial areas was recorded in the first decade. On average during three years the highest content of technogenic dust was detected in El Bouni.


is nonsingular the theorem is false.Any map whose image is contained in the algebra % of the strictly uppertriangular matrices preserves nilpotence. The proof of the theorem de-pends on a result of Gerstenhaber about maximal spaces of nilpotentmatrices. We also use some elementary algebraic geometry and the funda-mental theorem of projective geometry [l,p. 88, Theorem 2.26].


Taking the library of Shaanxi Normal University as an example,this paper analyzes the present situation of and the problems in the management and utilization of CD attached with books,and puts forward some countermeasures for solving these problems.


During the 1971-2001 period great demographic changes occurred in the Republic of Buryatia when it passed from the extended to simple type of population reproduction. The paper analyses the reasons underlying these natural and mechanical shifts, family and ethnical composition of the population. A sociological survey of the residents of seven districts of the republic and of the city of Ulan-Ude showed a deep evolution of the demographic behavioural patterns and a transformation of the social structure.


Computer-aided engineering techniques are indispensable in modern engineering developments. In particular, partial differential equations are commonly used to simulate the dynamics of physical phenomena, but very large systems are often intractable within a reasonable computation time, even when using supercomputers. To overcome the inherent limit of classical computing, we present a variational quantum algorithm for solving the Poisson equation that can be implemented in noisy intermediate-scale quantum devices. The proposed method defines the total potential energy of the Poisson equation as a Hamiltonian, which is decomposed into a linear combination of Pauli operators and simple observables. The expectation value of the Hamiltonian is then minimized with respect to a parameterized quantum state. Because the number of decomposed terms is independent of the size of the problem, this method requires relatively few quantum measurements. Numerical experiments demonstrate the faster computing speed of this method compared with classical computing methods and a previous variational quantum approach. We believe that our approach brings quantum computer-aided techniques closer to future applications in engineering developments. Code is available at https://github.com/ToyotaCRDL/VQAPoisson.


The fungus Candida albicans commonly causes mucosal and cutaneous infections in patients with impaired immunity. We investigated the effectiveness of the photosensitizer meso‐tetra (N‐methyl‐4‐pyridyl) porphine tetra tosylate (TMP‐1363) in the photodynamic treatment (PDT) of C. albicans infection in vitro and its selectivity in an animal model.


The detenninatlon of precise nutrient requirements for laying hent has been hampered throughout the years by inablllty to predict and control nutrient intake. Research by Hill (1956). Berg et al. (1966). and Mayer (1953) has shown that dietary energy level has an Influence on total food intake. A series of experiments with normal as well as with cropectornlzed chicks was carried out by Fisher and Weiss (19~6) to study the effectl of fiber per 86 on feed consumption. This work indicated that tiber per H was an important factor which influences feed consumption independently ot the energy level of the diet. Fiber per 88, up to a given dietary level. stimulated feed consumption; beyond that level teed consumption remained relatively constant. It was found that efficiency of teed utilization wu not sacrificed when fiber was added (simultaneously with tat) to high energy diets, but it was actually improved.


Title of Document: TORSIONAL EFFECT ON SOFT STORY FOR LIGHTLY REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES IN LOW SEISMIC ZONES Arash Rezavandi, Ph.D., 2015 Directed By: Professor Chung C. Fu, Ph.D., P.E. Civil and Environmental Engineering This study deals with the performance of lightly reinforced concrete moment frames in low seismic zones. The frames under evaluation comprise vertical and/or plan irregularities and were designed for gravity loads only. Nonlinear time history analysis using scaled ground motions and pushover procedure as a supplement method are performed in this study. With the adoption of plastic hinge method, damage levels are addressed according to FEMA 356 definitions. Pivot model is considered for hysteresis behavior. The damage stage and number of formed hinges are classified for the beams and columns. In case of observed plastic hinge with collapse damage level stage, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) method is applied to investigate the possible reason. Story drift is obtained based on inelastic behavior throughout of all story levels of archetype model inventories. Comparison between models demonstrates that the first story of symmetric plan models may suffer very minor up to moderate damage levels under low seismic intensity. However, the severity of damages to the asymmetric plan models can be noticeable, specifically for the lower structural models. The result of pushover method shows close to the results of time history analysis only for the vertical irregular frames without plan irregularity. Story drift illustrates that the lower structures suffer some degree of damage levels, especially for unsymmetrical plan models, while the taller models undergo lower drifts. As far as this study alone concerns, lightly reinforced concrete frame buildings may resist seismic events for the taller structures properly, whereas the lower structural models may suffer higher level of damages. The inherent frequency content of applied records affects the models' response more than their vertical and /or plan irregularity formations. Current US seismic design criteria in standard codes may need to be revised for low to moderate seismic zones in terms of vertical irregularity definitions and design criteria. TORSIONAL EFFECT ON SOFT STORY FOR LIGHTLY REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES IN LOW SEISMIC ZONES


Abstract : Contents: Ten years of optical satellite observations; Optical and infrared characteristics of satellite surface materials; Reflectometer experiment; The determination of the orientation of a tumbling cylinder from the shape of the light curve; Time varying reflection from rotating convex surfaces; Interpretation of photometric signatures from satellites; Investigations into a method for the optical estimation of the rotation axis of artificial satellites; Optical studies of spacecraft from the cloudcroft facility; The design and operation of some devices for photoelectric and photographic registration of artificial satellites; Results of photometric and polarimetric measurements for various satellites using NASA's mobile photometric observatory; An approximate method of estimating the reflection characteristics of a spherical satellite; Design of telescope optical systems for visual observations of orbiting satellites; Theory and observation of the rotational motion of the Pegasus satellites; Attitude determination of the Ariel III satelitte; Czechoslovak contribution to satellite photometry; and Wide band (visual spectrum) photoelectric photometry of PAGEOS during its first fifteen months in orbit.


Physiological signal detection plays a very important role in the experimental setting of biomedical engineering.In order to solve the existing traditional monitor deficiencies in the experiments,a physiological signal detection experimental system based on virtual instrument is developed.This paper gives the design process for the experimental system which can detect the ECG,heart sounds,pulse,and temperature.The physical characteristics of these signals can be observed through the computer.This system proves to have increased teaching efficiency and decreased experimental cost.


A globalized world demands globalized companies. Hence, the study tries to picture, from the international perspective, the interaction between firms and their business collaborators. The purposes of the study are to analyse, from the perspective of the research participants and by contrasting theory and practice, how the addressed organisations manage their network collaborators to consolidate their international business market position and what is the overview of their internal practices to make decisions in terms of their cooperation strategy with other firms. The theory of this research is built upon three main pillars: networking, internationalization, and decision-making processes (DMPs). The literature of networking serves as a frame to introduce collaboration and DMPs as subjects of research. Besides, three of the strategy paradoxes are used as a rationale to build the frame of internationalization and decision-making processes. Thus, these three elements constitute the focus of interest of this study. The research counts on a deductive approach in which theory was being put into practice. The investigation was based on the study performed to 8 different multinational enterprises (MNEs) with 10 research participants in sectors related to Engineering and Technology businesses. The tool to gather the data was a survey composed by a multiple-choice questionnaire and a set of open questions. Furthermore, two semi-structured interviews were carried out to complement the surveys. The studied companies cooperate with other organisations on a functional basis, that is, those collaborators that satisfy their needs are the ones selected. Also their geographical location does not oppose a significant barrier to partner. The studied MNEs count on defined procedures and formalities to make decisions for choosing and working with these collaborators. However, the information gates feeding these processes are based on an individual or group level. Hence, the addressed individuals may apply informal methods to obtain such data. Furthermore, every business area and hierarchical level can have their own specialized network of partner collaborators. This fact also impacts the decision level in terms of cooperating.
Thus, collaborators are an essential support for the addressed MNEs to ensure their business continuity in the international market.


Research paper submitted to the School of Graduate Studies of Addis Ababa University in Partial Fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Business Administration (MBA)


BACKGROUND
Web-based curricula can decrease classroom time and provide self-paced, active learning experiences for medical students.

INTERVENTION
In our family medicine clerkship, we implemented a Web-based module on applying diagnostic reasoning to determine the likelihood that a patient has Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis based on the history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests.

RESULTS
Students rated the module more favorably than other classroom sessions and homework assignments. Most students accurately calculated pretest and posttest probabilities in a write-up of an actual patient with a sore throat.

CONCLUSIONS
This Web-based module was well received and effective.


This experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of different sources of limestone with different particle sizes (fine, medium and large) on bone quality of laying hens. 192 Isa Babcock B 300 hens - 33 weeks of age were allotted in a randomized block design with a total of 6 treatments, 2 blocks and 4 replicates of 8 hens each. The feeding trial lasted 38 weeks. The six experimental diets were: 1 - fine limestone Source 1; 2 - medium limestone Source 1; 3 - larger limestone Source 1; 4 - fine limestone Source 2; 5 - larger limestone Source 2; 6 - larger limestone Source 3. No negative effects on layer bone characteristics were observed, but better strength bone when larger particles were used


The most recent experimental research in the non-parenteral administration of insulin through ocular route is reviewed. The insulin eyedrops containing permeation enhancers such as BL-9 or Brij-78 could be absorbed systemically from mucosa of conjunctivas and nasolacrimal ducts and reduced the level of blood glucose. They have the potential in clinic use since there are no singnificant local side effects and drug tolerance during the long-term administration in animals.


The Trump administration has proposed indexing the prices that Medicare pays for drugs to those paid by health systems in other developed countries, to help bring down the relatively high prices paid by US patients.

The prices the US government pays through Medicare for 27 leading drugs are, on average, 80% higher than those that buyers pay in other developed countries, said a report from the US Department of Health timed to coincide with President Trump's press conference announcing an "international pricing index."1

Under the five year proposal the US government would, in an unspecified "50% of the country," pay steadily lower reimbursements under Medicare part B, the prescription drug coverage programme, until it was paying just 26% more than the "international" price. This, the …


We try to explain the success of Chinese family firms and their unique appearance in form of implicit alliance by adopting the concept of embeddedness and interorganizational relationships that portray the structure of economic activities under the influence of family dominant logic and social embeddedness in on-going patterns of social relations. Cases study in traditional industries identifies the importance of role of network embeddedness in facilitating, offering, maintaining and cultivating the social capital of the implicit alliance. The comparison of the Chinese versus western family firm network also distinguishes the uniqueness of Chinese implicit alliance of family firms.


By using orthogonal experiment design and the software Statistics Package for Social Science (in short, SPSS), in this paper, the effect of all the factors (dosage, concentration, time, mix ration of modification agent and temperature) is studied on the sedimentation volume of TiO2 powder, and the experiment data is processed through direct observation and analysis of variance. Moreover, based on enter method in SPSS, multiple quadratic response surface regression model of evaluating indicators sedimentation volume against individual factors and some possible interactions is obtained and the optimal conditions for the organic composite modification of TiO2 powder with sodium stearate and sorbitol are given. The experiment results presented in this paper show that multiple regression method is better than direct observation and analysis of variance.


N-phthaloyl chitosan is able to form cholesteric liquid crystalline phase in concentrated solutions of some organic solvents,including DMF,DMSO,DMAc and pyridine.Circular dichroism was applied to investigate the change of handedness for the above four systems.CD spectra suggested two kinds of absorption peaks when the concentration was higher than a critical concentration for forming liquid crystalline phase.One is a sharp peak at 330 nm,the other is a broad peak with a maximum at about 400~450 nm.However only sharp peak at 330 nm was observed for isotropic solutions.The sharp peak was induced by the helical conformation of molecular chains,and the broad peak was induced by the cholesteric helices of liquid crystal.Therefore the determination of the critical concentration for N-phthaloyl chitosan solutions by monitoring the very beginning of the appearance of the broad peak is feasible.The critical concentrations measured by CD were 1 wt% lower than those measured by polarized optical microscopy (POM) for all four solvents used.It means,as a method to measure the critical concentration,CD is more sensitive than POM.Two different ways of sample tilt were used in CD messurements to prove that the linear dichroism and birefringance had no effect on CD signal of cholesteric helices of the liquid crystal.


Portal hypertension impedes outflow from the splanchnic vascular beds. We hypothesized that the increase in splenic intravascular pressure may initiate a neural reflex to increase mesenteric arterial tone and reduce blood flow into the plethoric mesenteric vascular bed. Splenic venous pressure was selectively increased by partial splenic vein occlusion (6.9±0.5 to 22.5±0.3 mmHg, n=47). During the 3 minutes following occlusion, mesenteric vascular conductance fell (−0.01±0.002 mmHg/mL·min‐1; p<0.05 n=7), an effect which was unchanged by renal denervation (−0.01±0.009 mmHg/mL·min‐1; n=6) and exacerbated by mesenteric denervation (−0.02±0.004 mmHg/mL·min‐1; p<0.05, n=7). The fall in conductance was abolished by splenic denervation (−0.002±0.002 mmHg/mL·min‐1; p<0.05 n=6). Similarly, the significant increase in mesenteric efferent nerve activity observed during splenic venous occlusion (22.2±2.8 to 27.9±3.8 spikes/sec, p<0.05 n=13) was absent after splenic denervation (32.4±2.4 to 31.2±1.6 spikes/sec, n=7). Although the spleen is thus integral to initiating the reflex, the accompanying increase in mesenteric nerve activity is not wholly responsible for increasing mesenteric arterial tone. (HSFC,CIHR).


This paper reviews developments in real-time in-situ monitoring using reflectance anisotropy spectroscopy (RAS). We discuss the basic principles and experimental setup for RAS measurements on MOVPE systems, and present examples of the use of in-situ RAS measurements for monitoring and optimizing epitaxial growth. Examples chosen from a variety of MOVPE-grown bulk layers, and devices such as edge-emitting lasers are used to illustrate the optimization and control of key layer properties (thickness, doping levels, composition) by optical techniques. For complex structures, the RAS spectrum provides, in real-time, a unique signature of the growth process, which can be directly correlated to changes in growth parameters and device performance, and can hence serve as a means of monitoring process deviations and assessing reproducibility.


This measured framework is necessary, because attributing who launched cyber-attacks is complicated. Today, the military might know where a cyberbreach originated, but it cannot discern key factors: Who sat at the keyboard? Who financed the attack? Is the culprit and financier a state or nonstate actor? Why did they attack? These answers are critical to inform policymakers and determine what constitutes a "cyber" act of war.


An important step when applying formal methods to gain assurance of trusted systems is the verification of object code against source code. One way to mechanically verify that the object code faithfully implements the source code from which it is compiled is to verify the compiler. However, verifying the implementation of an industrial-strength compiler is a very difficult technical problem at the present time. For small fragments of code, it may be easier to verify the equivalence of the source and object code by reasoning about their behavior directly without dealing with the algorithm used for translation. In this paper, we describe a system for automatically verifying MC68020 object code against C source code. The semantics of a small subset of C and MC68020 object code are formalized in the logic of Nqthm (a.k.a. the Boyer-Moore theorem prover). After a large collection of lemmas about C and MC68020 semantics are made available, Nqthm is able to prove the correctness theorems automatically for a small class of programs. For practical use of the system to be possible, we wrote a front-end to Nqthm that generates correctness theorems, given the C source file as input. Using our front-end, we tested our system by verifying the object code produced by the GCC and CC compilers for some small programs.


The ADAG Study Group defined the relationship between average blood glucose (AG) and A1C. They derived an equation valid across diabetes types but excluded comorbidities known to impact A1C. The goal of this study is to examine the relationship between AG and A1C in patients omitted from prior analyses. A retrospective chart review was performed of downloaded glucose data from patients prescribed insulin at the UW Diabetes Center between 1/2011-10/2017. Patients were identified who had either 1) documentation and/or laboratory confirmation of anemia; 2) CKD; or 3) NAFLD. Eligible charts required: 1) 2 weeks of fingerstick glucose (SMBG) data with ≥14 checks or 1 month of CGM with ≥14 complete days and, 2) an A1C measured within 1 month of the encounter. The SMBG and CGM means were obtained from downloads. An AG was extrapolated from the A1c using the ADAG equation. The downloaded data and A1C-derived AGs were compared. There was a linear correlation between AG and A1C (R2=0.48) in anemic patients regardless of etiology. Non-anemic patients (N=220) had better ADAG agreement (70% of AGs inside 15% of predicted) than anemic patients (55% of AGs, N=123, p=0.006). Normal GFR yielded 71% of AGs inside 15% of ADAG estimation (N=440). This decreased to 59% if limited to anemic patients (N=83, p Disclosure J.E. Perlman: None. J.L. Rosenbaum: None. B.K. McNulty: None. I.B. Hirsch: Research Support; Self; Medtronic MiniMed, Inc.. Consultant; Self; Abbott, Bigfoot Biomedical, Roche Diabetes Care Health and Digital Solutions, ADOCIA.


+ ) APPLICATIONS In order to develop fabrication technology of metallic interconnects based on stainless ferritic steels for protonic solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC-H + ) the long-term compatibility of the interconnect/cathode/electrolyte system must be studied. Crofer 22 APU was used as the metallic interconnect, onto which a La0.6Sr0.4Co0.8Fe0.2O3-d (LSCF48) cathode layer was screen-printed. In turn, another layer, consisting of a protonic solid electrolyte, was screen-printed on the LSCF48 cathode layer. In this research, barium cerate and strontium cerate ba- sed compounds doped with Nd, Sm, Dy, Yb and Y were used as the solid electrolytes. Only the Crofer 22 APU/LSCF48/BaCe(1-x)MxO3-x/2 (where: M = Nd, Sm i Dy) composites were found to be chemically stable after oxidation at 1073 K for 150 hrs in air. The analysis of the interaction between the oxide layers and the steel substrate was carried out using scanning electron microscopy combined with energy dispersion spectroscopy. The in? uence of solid electrolyte doping on the physicochemical properties of the system was discussed on the basis of electrical resistance measurements of the studied samples using impedance spectroscopy. From the results, the applicability of the composites for the construction of a SOFC-H + fuel cell was determined. + , Metallic interconnects, HTPC, Cathode, Solid electrolyte, Electrical resistance


Single transverse mode is selected by FBGs inscribed by femtosecond technique in a graded-index fiber. High beam quality and narrow spectrum have been obtained in the Raman fiber laser with multimode 915-nm laser diode pumping.


Tweed Shire Council in New South Wales (Australia) commissioned SunWater to undertake a review of a variety of options to meet future demand from the Tweed Water Supply System. As part of this review, the IQQM model was used to assess various demand scenarios, impacts of likely future environmental flow requirements and the viability of future supply augmentation options. To develop the IQQM model, long-term flow data were required and therefore flow series were generated using the Sacramento rainfall-runoff model. Sacramento models were developed and calibrated against stream-flow data from four gauging stations. The flows of one gauge produced high model errors in the verification. The large errors occurred in high and low flows and medium flows simulated accurately. In this gauge, the recorded flows were manually computed with mean daily flow figures. Therefore, the recorded data were less accurate especially in high flows. However, the flows at the other three gauges produced acceptable results. The calibrated models were used to fill the missing data in the recorded flow series and to extend the flow series back to 1890. The Tweed IQQM model was then developed using the Sacramento generated inflows and the recorded usage data of the town water supply. The model was calibrated against the behaviour of the two existing storages. Calibration performance at one site was acceptable. However, at the second site major differences were observed due to changing operational practice over time. However, overall results appeared reasonable, and hence the developed model was used for the purposes of simulation. The calibrated IQQM model with 115 years data was then used to: - re-assess the existing system under different management scenarios. - assess future environmental flow impacts. - assess supply augmentation, for future demand conditions. This paper describes the methodology adopted in the development, calibration, verification and application of both models. The paper also provides an insight into various modelling issues faced in this study and the alternative methods considered to overcome these issues.


The quality of talent development decides the existence and development of the college.Firstly,the improvement of the quality of talent development is to renew the educational concept and manage the college with the viewpoint of development;Secondly, the management of the teachers and the classroom teaching should be reinforced to better the teaching quality, foster the qualified talents and build the qualified college.


In his article, "The Value and Valuation of Maritime Cultural Heritage", Stefan Claesson discusses methods by which the relative or absolute value of submerged cultural sites like shipwrecks might be established, to provide rational bases for decisions about their management. He emphasizes systems used in ecosystem valuation, notably an average individual's projected "willingness to pay" (WTP) to preserve something and "willingness to accept" (WTA) its loss. He suggests that systems to apply such measurement devices be built into things like the procedures for addressing impacts on historic properties under Section 106 of the U.S. National Historic Preservation Act.


An electrochemical screen-printed paper based analytical device (EµPAD) was fabricated for the detection of cholesterol based on two electrode system. The working electrode of EµPAD was coated with graphene oxide (GO) and polyaniline composite. The GO was chemically synthesized in the laboratory using modified hummer's method and characterized using XRD, Raman, UV – Visible absorption, FTIR spectroscopies, and SEM studies. Cholesterol oxidase (ChOx) enzyme was immobilized on the GO/PANI modified EµPAD for the electrochemical detection of cholesterol using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometry. In both measurements, the current increased when the concentration of cholesterol increases from 1 mM to 10 mM. This increase in current with increase in cholesterol concentration was due to fact that more H2O2 molecules were generated when the cholesterol concentration was increased. Further, H2O2 is oxidized and electrons were generated which enhanced the current.


MXene is one of the rapidly emerging 2D material in the present era of materials science, and it finds increasing applications in energy storage fields. MXene is one of the most suitable electrode materials for futuristic energy storage devices.


Aim: The present study aim was to analyze quantitatively and qualitatively the phytochemicals as well as to investigate the physicochemical and phytochemical screening of Convolvulus pluricaulis and its chloroform and ethanol extracts. Materials and Methods: In this, the physicochemical evaluation; ash values, namely total ash, acid-insoluble ash, water-soluble ash, and sulfated ash; extractive values, namely alcohol soluble extractive value, water-soluble extractive, and chloroform soluble extractive value; and loss on drying were determined. Preliminary phytochemical screening was done for the presence of carbohydrates, proteins, amino acids, glycosides, alkaloids, phytosteroids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and phenolic compounds, and total phenolic content was estimated by Folin–Ciocalteu method, and total flavonoid content was measured with the aluminum chloride colorimetric assay. Results: In results, it was found that the seed containing various phytochemicals were present in its ethanol and chloroform extracts. The total phenolic content in the ethanol and chloroform extracts was found 13.7 ± 0.4187 and 7.367 ± 0.2987 mg of gallic acid equivalent weight/g of extract, respectively, and the concentration of flavonoids in plant ethanol and chloroform extracts of Cassia hirsuta was found 114.6 ± 13.33 and 99.56 ± 11.6 mg of quercetin equivalent weight/g of extract, respectively. Conclusion: The present study concludes that the C. pluricaulis has the potential to act as a source of useful drugs because of the presence of various phytochemical constituents and high concentration of phenolic and flavonoid compounds.


The Lucy poems are five of the most famous and wonderful poems of William Wordsworth, who is one of the greatest English poets of the Romanticist era. The Lucy poems are a sequence of touching poems that are loosely connected and rearranged not by the author himself but by later generations. They are about how the persona meets a girl who lives in distant nature and how he grieves for her when she dies. It is widely acknowledged that the theme of the poems is grief and loss towards the persona's lover. However, the identity or the archetype of the girl Lucy has been debated among Literary critics. To explore this, this article takes the final poem of the sequence, "A slumber did my spirit seal" as an example, and holds the argument that Lucy is the subconscious psychological role whose death represents the maternal losses of Wordsworth in his early years, and finally gives the interpretation that the poem conveys the theme that one can find consolation from mother nature to heal one's own psychological wounds, just as in this poem the poet finds sadness and grief no more by realizing the fact the mother nature has embraced his dear Lucy, as well as himself. This article will analyze this argument by the methods of line-by-line close text analysis and interpretation.


Hurricane is one of the most devastating natural disasters on earth, posing great threats to people living in coastal areas. Thus, a better understanding of human settlement dynamics, especially in hurricane-prone areas, is in great need. This study examines nighttime satellite-derived human settlement in hurricane-prone areas of conterminous U.S from 1992 to 2013. To solve the lack of on-board calibration problem and saturation of luminosity problem, the original DMSP/OLS time series were intercalibrated and desaturated using NDVI products from AVHRR and MODIS. A popular index, VANUI, was derived and was later applied Mann-Kendall and Theil-Sen trend test. Four hurricane-prone zones, representing different level of hurricane proneness, were delineated from historical NAB-origin storm tracks using a wind-speed weighted track density function. The dynamic of VANUI in different hurricane-prone zones was finally quantified and analyzed. The result suggests a distinctive discrepancy in settlement intensity between northern and southern study area. It also indicates that the both the extent and the increase rate in settlement intensity positively correlate hurricane proneness in predefined hurricane-prone zones.


We begin with a study of inversions mapping one given circle into another. The results are applied to the famous configuration of an arbelos. In particular, we show how to construct three infinite Pappus chains associated with the arbelos. 1. Inversions swapping two circles Given two circles Oi(ri), i =1 , 2, in the plane, we seek the inversions which transform one of them into the other. Set up a cartesian coordinate system such that for i =1 , 2, Oi is the point (ai, 0). The endpoints of the diameters of the circles on the x-axis are (ai ± ri, 0). Let (a, 0) and Φ be the center and the power of inversion. This means, for an appropriate choice of e = ±1, (a1 + e · r1 − a)(a2 + r2 − a )=( a1 − e · r1 − a)(a2 − r2 − a )=Φ . Solving these equations we obtain


In the Euclidean space E 3 , there exist three classes of curves, so-called rectifying, normal and osculating curves satisfying the planes spanned by { T, B }, { N, B } and { T, N } as well as to each unit speed curve  I [  IR  -> E 3 whose orthogonal unit vector fields T, N, B called respectively the tangent, the principal normal and the binormal vector fields. In this paper, we give the definition of rectifying, normal and osculating curves in 3-dimensional Finsler manifold. Furthermore, we obtain some characterizations related to these curves.


The paper aimed at evaluating the effects of biochar (BC) produced by slow pyrolysis of vine pruning residue on soil physicochemical properties and tomato plant growth. A greenhouse experiment was conducted for 66 days, applying different treatments for 3 soil types, i.e., foliar fertilizer, BC (at a volumetric ratio between BC and soil of 20/80), BC + foliar fertilizer, and no treatments. Strongly alkaline BC (pH = 9.89 ± 0.01) had a significant beneficial effect on the growth performance of tomato plants sown in a strongly acidic soil (pH = 5.40 ± 0.02). The mean values of height, number of leaves, and collar diameter of plants grown in BC-amended soil without foliar treatment were up to 50% higher than those of plants grown in soil with the other treatments. This positive effect of BC on plant growth is due to the changes in the soil properties. The addition of BC led to increased values of electrical conductivity, pH, soluble and available nutrient concentration. Moreover, BC reduced soil bulk density by about 50%, resulting in improved plant root development and thus enhanced water and nutrient uptake. Accordingly, BC derived from vine pruning residues can improve soil quality and tomato plant growth, as well as reduce biomass residues.


In the Macedonian medieval music and literary tradition, an intense reflectionof the works of the Byzantine hymnographic genreshad occurred throughtheSlavic translations, transcriptions and creative compilations in the so-called original Slavic hymnographic compositions. More precise structural research has shown that even the Slavic translations of the Byzantine hymnography reflected particular authorial interventions inthe Byzantine form, as the translator was unable to fully adapt the original identicalversification or the music(the melody)fromthe originalinto its translation, and sometimes there was a disruption of the original acrostic in the canonical songs. However, even the so-called original hymnographic works intended to eulogize and celebrate, were composed from a textual and structural perspective only in support of the Byzantine creative cliché, and they were supposed to reflect the general Christian theological views and cult impressions.


In complex interval arithmetic three different types of intervals are introduced: rectangles, circles and circular sectors1, 4. The arithmetic operations for all three types of intervals should deliver the closest inclusion of the set of all possible values, i.e.


Primates are predominantly distributed across tropical regions, many of which are threatened by deforestation. Removal of mature trees can harm primate populations by reducing avail- able food resources. Understanding the dietary requirements of primates at local levels can help identify key habitats to conserve, and protect plant species on which primates rely. Little is known about local diets of Alouatta palliata (mantled howler monkey), Ateles geoffroyi (black-handed spider monkey), and Cebus capucinus (white-faced capuchin) in Costa Rica's lowland tropical wet forests. Because diet and activity levels are closely connected, studies examining one provide insight into the other. We used group scan sample methods to record activity and diet, identifying all plant species on which the primates fed. We identified nine families of plants eaten by Ateles geoffroyi, four families eaten by Alouatta palliata , and two families eaten by Cebus capucinus . Activity budgets demonstrated that Alouatta palliata was the least active species and Cebus capucinus the most active. We also found differences in the type of plant parts consumed by the three primate species; Alouatta palliata and Ateles geoffroyi fed mostly on fruit and new leaves, whereas Cebus capucinus fed on fruit and in - sects. The nine families of plants identified in this study are potentially important for all three primate species locally, and warrant conservation.


Accurate monitoring of hydraulic fracturing fracture morphology is of great significance to the follow-up exploration and development work. Electromagnetic monitoring of fractures can effectively identify the effective propped volume (EPV) of fracturing fractures, making up for the disadvantages of other monitoring methods. This letter introduces a modeling method and a physical model based on very-low-frequency (VLF) electromagnetic scattering theory for monitoring the development of asymmetric fracturing fractures. The 3-D finite-element method (FEM) of equivalent fracturing fracture on transition boundary condition (TBC) surface is used to realize the fast forward modeling of 3-D space receiving response in large formations. A sector-shaped receiver is designed and the relationship between electromagnetic receiving signals and orientation parameters of asymmetric fracturing fractures, such as direction of fracture development and tilt angle, is discussed. By analyzing 3-D signals obtained from the rotating receiver sector, the spatial state of multiple asymmetric fracturing fractures can be determined. The problem of how to identify the 3-D direction of crack growth with electromagnetic monitoring method is solved, which provides a theoretical reference for the development and inversion of detection instruments.


Objectives. Capillary waves on the sea surface play an important role in remote sensing, both in the optical and microwave wavelength ranges. However, processes of electromagnetic radiation scattering on a rough sea surface cannot be studied in the absence of reliable monitoring of the parameters of these capillary waves under natural conditions. Therefore, the aim of the present work was to develop methods for such monitoring purposes and test them under laboratory and field conditions.Methods. Novel laser-based methods for recording capillary waves at frequencies up to 100 Hz were developed in the laboratory. The proposed remote methods, which do not interfere with the sea surface, are based on the recording of scattered laser radiation using a video camera.Results. Under laboratory conditions, spatial profiles, time dependences of heights for all points of a laser sweep trajectory, and frequency power spectra were obtained. It is shown that slopes in capillary waves can reach 30° and that the amplitude of capillary waves at frequencies above 25 Hz does not exceed 0.5 mm. A new version of a scanning laser wave recorder was tested under natural conditions on an offshore platform. The measurements confirmed the possibility of measuring the parameters of sea waves on spatial scales covering 3 orders of magnitude: from units of millimeters to units of meters.Conclusions. The developed wave recorder can be used to carry out direct measurements of "instantaneous" sea surface profiles with a time synchronization precision of 10-4 s and a spatial accuracy of better than 0.5 mm. The method makes it possible to obtain large series (21000) of «instantaneous» wave profiles with a refresh rate of 60 Hz, which opens up opportunities for studying the physics of wave evolution and the influence of wave parameters on the scattering of electromagnetic waves. The advantage of the method is the direct nature of the measurement of applicates and other wave characteristics not only in time but also in space. The entirely remote method does not distort the properties of the surface and is not affected by wind, waves, or sea currents. The possibility of using the proposed method under natural conditions at any time of the day and in a wide range of weather conditions has been experimentally ascertained.


The ACORN Corcap (Acorn Cardiovascular Inc, St Paul, MN) is a biventricular wrapping, polyester‐mesh cardiac support device designed to prevent left ventricular remodeling introduced in the ACORN trial from 2003 to 2004 (Figure 1). Here, we present the first image report of a patient who underwent successful left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation and subsequent heart transplantation with prior Corcap device placement. Sixty‐five‐year‐old male with a history of ischemic cardiomyopathy who was previously enrolled in the ACORN trial presented with worsening heart failure. Preoperative computer tomography scan showed calcification around the left ventricular apical myocardium (Figure 2). The HVAD LVAD (Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN) was implanted via partial sternotomy and left thoracotomy. The Corcap was adhered to the epicardium (Figure 3). Left apical coring was performed over the Corcap and, the sawing ring sutures were placed through the Corcap (Figure 4). The patient recovered well after LVAD implantation and underwent heart transplantation 6 months later. During the transplantation, the Corcap was densely adherent to the heart (Figure 5). The layer between Corcap and pericardium was identified and dissected. Here, we present successful LVAD implantation and subsequent heart transplantation following prior Corcap placement as the first image report. From our experience, the patient with prior Corcap


Principal curves are a long-standing and well-known method for summarizing large scatterplots. They are defined as self-consistent curves (or curve sets in the more general case) that locally pass through the middle of the scatterplot data. However, computing principal curves that capture well complex scatterplot topologies and are robust to noise is hard and/or slow for large scatterplots. We present a fast and robust approach for computing principal graphs (a generalization of principal curves for more complex topologies) inspired by the similarity to medial descriptors (curves locally centered in a shape). Compared to state-of-the-art methods for computing principal graphs, we outperform these in terms of computational scalability and robustness to noise and resolution. We also demonstrate the advantages of our method over other scatterplot summarization approaches.


This paper proposes a novel rotor pole shape which consists of a uniform surface and an eccentric surface to make a sinusoidal magnetic flux density in air gap in order to reduce cogging torque, torque ripple, and harmonics of back-electromotive force waveform in spoke-type brushless DC motor. In the process of design and analysis, response surface methodology and the 2-D finite-element method are employed to obtain the rotor geometry and verify the results of the novel rotor pole shape


One of the main mechanisms contributing to neurodegenerative diseases (NDD) is oxidative stress, caused by the buildup of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the brain. Chronic neuroinflammation is also involved with the pathology of NDD; when microglia are activated in response to the dysfunction and aggregation of alpha-synuclein and amyloid-beta, they release inflammatory mediators. NDD are linked to glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity as well, where cells are damaged by the excessive stimulation from glutamate via inadequate uptake by glial cells. Polyphenols, found in very high levels in blueberries, have antioxidant properties which may offer protection and intervention from neurological disorders by managing ROS and reducing the inflammatory response. Biochemical analysis was performed on extracts from frozen wild Newfoundland fruits and leaves, Vaccinium angustiform spp. Mouse-pup derived brain cultures, and pure cultures of rat neurons and microglia were exposed to 100μM glutamate, 100ng/ml alpha-synuclein or 7.5μM amyloid-beta for 24-hours, which decreased cell viability. Overall, there was an increase in the number of viable cells once blueberry extract was added, effectively reducing neuronal and microglial cell death, showing that compounds in berries are beneficial when cell death and damage is influenced by glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity or insoluble alpha-synuclein and amyloid-beta aggregates. The blueberry extracts have high antioxidant activity and therefore may be able to help combat oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in the brain.


In a recent issue of the Journal, Beaunoyer et al. (1) from Stanford University School of Medicine reported their experience with orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) in 10 children with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Selection was based on the Milan criteria (MC), which limits OLT to patients with one lesion >5 cm in diameter or no more than three lesions, of which none should exceed 3 cm. United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) criteria for assigning the MELD/PELD scale scores are the same in adults and children. The use of the MC in the pediatric population restricts, at least in USA, the accessibility to OLT as most children present with large tumors exceeding 5 cm. The validity of this policy can be questioned as the experience with OLT in children with HCC is somewhat limited. Beaunoyer et al. (1) reported 10 children, seven of whom had underlying liver disease and five had cirrhosis. Six out of 10 had a lesion of >5 cm. Seven patients had more than three lesions at presentation, one of which was >3 cm. One patient had a fibrolamellar HCC of 10 cm in diameter. Macrovascular invasion of the intrahepatic portal vein was observed in two patients. The primary tumor classification was as follows: three T2, six T3 and one T4. The actuarial patient survival at five yr was 83%. Of the two patients who died, one died of recurrence 1.9 yr after OLT (he had a positive margin in the explanted liver, malignant cells being present in the adipose tissue attached to the liver and the gallbladder was also invaded). Both patients with macrovascular invasion survived. In this series, the number of tumors, size, or gross vascular invasion were not associated with recurrence. Reyes et al. (2) reported 19 children with HCC transplanted in Pittsburg between May 1989 and December 1998. The overall five-yr disease-free survival rate was 63%. Vascular invasion, tumor size, lymph node involvement, and male gender were risk factors for recurrence. Disease-free survival rates reported at the ILTS meeting (2005) by the same group were 100% for stage I (n = 1), 100% for stage II (n = 4), 60% for stage IVA (n = 10) and 33% in stage IVB (n = 3). Fourteen of 21 had underlying liver disease. The same risk factors for recurrence were observed as in the published report. Austin et al. (3) reported the aggregated outcome for OLT in HCC from the UNOS database. Forty-one children (<18 yr) had a fiveand 10-yr patient survival rate of 63% and 58%, which was not statistically different from the patient survival rate of 135 children transplanted for hepatoblastoma (69% and 66%). This editorial questions the relevance of the MC for selecting children with HCC for OLT as this policy has not been validated by any prospective study. Guidelines regarding indications for liver transplantation in children with symptomatic HCC are derived from experience gained with adult patients with HCC, which developed in association with liver cirrhosis, using tumor size and the number of nodules to determine outcome (4). It is not known whether adult lesions can be fully transposed to children as some data indicate a possible difference in biology between pediatric and adult HCC. Most pediatric HCC are ''de novo'' cases usually with no underlying liver disease (except in pandemic areas for HBV), in contrast in the adult experience 70–90% of patients have cirrhosis (<40% of children have underlying liver disease). For example, among 39 children with Pediatr Transplantation 2008: 12: 1–3 Copyright 2007 Blackwell Munksgaard


It is very important to investigate the decomposition of weakly invertible finite automata,since it could provide an approach to cryptanalyzing finite automata public-key cryptosystem(FAPKC).This paper deals with the problem about the decomposition of weakly invertible finite automata M with delay τ,and a sufficient and necessary condition is obtained,which means it can be decomposed into a weakly invertible finite automata with delay τ-k0 and a so-called k0-order delay unit,if and only if the k0-output weight of s is 1 for any state s in M.


Abstract : A Sergeant Rocket instrumented with a cryogenically-cooled, Michelson IR Interferometer was launched 13 April 1983 from the Poker Flat, Alaska Reasearch Rane. The purpose of the flight was to measure IR emission spectra in the 2 - 7.5 micrometer region. The flight was extremely successful and provided first-resolved spectra of carbon monoxide (CO) near 4.7 micrometer and of ionized nitric oxide (NO+) near 4.3 micrometer. Further, the data from this flight provided the first high resolution spectra of atmospheric emitters as a function of altitude. These data include hydroxyl (OH) near 2.8 micrometer carbon dioxide (CO2) near 4.3 micrometer, and nitric oxide (NO) near 5.4 micrometer. This report catalogs the spectra obtained during the flight and presents it with low resultion. Keywords: Low Resolution, Atmsopheric Emission, Spectra, Infrared radiation.


As the screw threads profile to improve the fatigue strength, ISO high fatigue resistance screw threads profile has been proposed. This profile is as follows : nut threads have ISO general purpose screw threads profile, and bolt threads have the flank angle modification of +5°in the pressure flank and the pitch modification of -0.15%. This paper deals with the theoretical and experimental analyses on the screw threads profiles to improve the fatigue strength, taking ' account of the above ISO proposal. The obtained conclusions are as follows : (1) From the analysis by the finite element method it is found that the improvement of fatigue strength of screw threads is expected by the pitch modification, but not by the flank angle modification. (2) From the fatigue experiments with the bolts 10 mm in nominal diameter and 12. 9 in strength grade, it is found that the pitch modification shows a significant effect on the improvement of the fatigue strength, while the flank angle modification does not.


Drought has long been established as a major environmental stress for plants which have in turn developed several coping strategies, ranging from physiological to molecular mechanisms. LP3; a homolog of the Abscisic Acid, Stress and Ripening (ASR) gene was first detected in tomato; and has been shown to be present in four different isoforms in loblolly pine called LP3-0, LP3-1, LP3-2 and LP3-3. While ASR has already been extensively studied notably in tomato, the same cannot be said of LP3. Like ASR, the different LP3 isoforms have been shown to be upregulated in response to water deficit stress and to also act as transcription factors for genes likely involved in hexose transport. In this study we have investigated the evolutionary history of LP3 gene family, with the aim of relating it to that of ASR from a phylogenetic perspective and comparing the differences in selective pressure and codon usage. Phylogenetic analyses of different LP3 homologs compared to ASR show that LP3 is less divergent across species than ASR and that even when comparing the different sub-sections of the gene the divergence rate of LP3 is lower than that of ASR. Analysis of different gene parameters showed that there were differences in GC1% and GC2% but not in total or GC3% content. All genes had a relatively high CAI value associated with a low to moderate ENC value, which is indicative of high translation efficiency found in highly expressed genes. Analysis of codon usage also showed that LP3 preferentially uses different codons than ASR. Selective pressure analysis across most of the LP3 and ASR genes used in this study showed that these genes were principally undergoing purifying selection, with the exception of LP3-3 which seems to be undergoing diversifying selection most probably due to the fact that it likely recently diverged from LP3-0. This study thus provides insight in how ASR and LP3 have diverged from each other while remaining homologous.