In this study, I propose supervisors' upward leader–leader exchange relationships as an important boundary condition for the relationship between average leader–member exchange (LMX) relationships and a climate for innovation support at the group level. Specifically, I argue that the effect of resource spillover to poor-LMX subordinates within a work group is an important mechanism that leads to the development of a climate that supports innovation. I test the hypothesized moderated-mediation model by using multisource and multiwave data collected from 590 employees and 75 supervisors. The findings indicate that the indirect effect of team LMX relationships on team effectiveness via a climate for innovation support is more positive under high conditions of leader–leader exchange, whereas the effect is less positive under low conditions of leader–leader exchange. Implications and limitations relevant to developing research around LMX and innovation are addressed.


General aspects of modeling as an engineering tool are presented in this work. The usefulness of Takagi-Sugeno Fuzzy Inference Systems (TS FIS) as modeling technique are emphasized. Additionally, various modifications of known methodology for identifying such a models and rules configuration are proposed. Finally, two application examples are presented. The first one is a modeling of the Box and Jenkins gas furnace and the second is a model for a waste water pH neutralization benchmark.


Continuous technological progress has occurred in improving the operational lifetime, decreasing the size, increasing the output power and improving the reliability of low- to medium-power CO2 lasers. A summary of the progress which has led to the present state-of-the-art, along with a projection of future technological trends in low- to medium-power CO2 lasers, is presented. The summary includes a discussion of RF excitation technology, folded waveguide lasers and waveguide array technology.


The single-electron loss cross section for He atoms passing through H2 and He gas targets has been studied in the impact-energy range from 20 keV to 4 MeV. He atoms were formed by charge-transfer neutralization of He+ ions in a He gas. At low energies, the cross sections were determined by beam attenuation in a transverse electrostatic field and, at higher energies, by the initial-growth method. The results were compared with Born-approximation calculations, and good agreement was found at energies above 500 keV for He in H2 and above 1200 keV for He in He.


This paper is a longitudinal study of the impact of a long-term international business relationship on innovation. It traces the market entry of the Swedish Company, Tetra Pak into India. The case focuses on major packaging material manufacturing innovations carried out by the Indian Joint Venture (JV) managed by the Indian partner. A JV relationship is found to provide a context for technical specialists to interact and develop explicit and tacit knowledge and skills. These interactions create wider communities of practice involving networks of suppliers and customers, who in turn create further knowledge and innovation.


Chidamide, a selective histone deacetylase inhibitor, has antitumour effects. 5-azacitidine (5-AZA), a hypomethylating agent, is effective in treating acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome. However, to the best of our knowledge, the effect of chidamide and 5-AZA on AML cell lines has not been fully investigated. In the present study, the antileukaemia activity of chidamide, alone and in combination with 5-AZA, was assessed on different subtypes of AML cell lines (M1-M5) and primary samples from several patients with AML in vitro. The results indicated that the proliferation of leukaemia cells was significantly and dose-dependently inhibited by chidamide and 5-AZA alone or in combination. The combination also had marked synergistic effects to induce apoptosis of AML cells. The apoptosis of leukaemia cells was induced via downregulation of BCL-2 and myeloid-cell leukemia 1 (MCL-1) levels. Of note, chidamide also degraded the MCL-1 protein in venetoclax-resistant U937 cells, in which the MCL-1 protein is upregulated. In addition, chidamide was able to induce myeloid differentiation (with CD11b upregulation) of AML cell lines or monocytic/dendritic differentiation (with CD86 upregulation) of primary cultured cells from several patients with AML. Chidamide was also able to promote the differentiation of the venetoclax-resistant U937 cell line by upregulating CD11b expression. In conclusion, chidamide alone or combined with 5-AZA may be an effective therapy for AML.


This paper studies the environmental and social trade-offs of remanufacturing for product+service firms under competition. We use an analytical model and a behavioral study that together incorporate demand cannibalization from multiple customer segments across the competing firms' product lines. We measure firms' profits, consumer surpluses, environmental impacts, and environmental costs along the products lifecycles in the resultant equilibria with and without remanufacturing. We show that competition intensifies the tension between increased profit and worsened environmental impact from market expansions caused by remanufacturing identified by prior research in the case of monopoly. However, bringing in the social dimension leads to an overall positive assessment: remanufacturing creates additional consumer surplus, which compensates for the cost of the environmental impact. In other words, we found strong support that remanufacturing is beneficial for the society.


: In order to prevent explosions and fires caused by the ignition of uncontrolled gas leaks from damaged pipes following some devastating earthquakes, a complex system for earthquake prediction and protection of gas installations has been designed. The designed system ensures both the acquisition of data on local precursor parameters (evolution of radon emanations, evolution of earth's crust temperature, etc.) and local intensities of seismic events. Their transmission for processing to the national seismic dispatcher, thus contributing to a better knowledge in the earth physics field and implicitly to increase the accuracy of seismic predictions as well as 3D measurement of the local intensity of tectonic movements. In the case of seismic events with dangerous local int ensity (above a pre - imposed, programmable threshold) the control signal is generated for the closure of gases by specialized aquatics (electrovalves mounted in front of the gas regulation/measurement block of the protected buildings). The system also ensures the take over and display of the information package about the state (closed / open) of the electrovalves mounted in front of the gas regulation / measurement block of the protected buildings. The 3D vibration transducer and the temperature transducer for the data acquisition system are mounted in a 40 m deep drilled well and the radon one on the surface (in the protection and visiting chimney of the well with transducers). Representative images regarding the realization/implementation of the system are presented. Compared to the known alert systems, the designed system requires little space for implementation and provides a number of advantages, such as: providing information on the evolution of precursor parameters of seismic movements in a given locality to the national seismic dispatcher, the level of knowledge in the field of Earth physics and the predictability of earthquakes; local validation of the intensity of tectonic movements in 3D and automatic closing in real time, without human intervention, of the gas connections in case of exceeding a pre - established dangerous threshold; revention of explosions and devastating fires following the damage of gas installations due to major earthquakes in a given locality (where the system is implemented), especially in public institutions, schools, boarding schools, hospitals, old people's homes, etc.


The paper has explored in theory on concepts and characteristics of information resources.Based on this,and by combining practical experience,the paper has put forward strategy of agriculture library information resource development,realistic library collection development,virtual library collection development and agriculture information resource development.


Tens of thousands of Guatemalans have been forcibly "disappeared" by government forces over the past three decades, many of them civilians and some of them combatants. One of the fundamental tasks assumed by the government and guerrillas through the ongoing U.N.-mediated peace process is to end the impunity with which such crimes have been committed. In an agreement on the formation of a commission to study past human rights violations, signed in Oslo on June 23, 1994, the two sides acknowledged "the right of the Guatemalan people to know completely the truth about these


Infections represent an ongoing challenge for immunocompromised patients. Children are particularly vulnerable because of several age-related issues that relate in part to immune prematurity. This ...


Every once in a while a book comes along that, in offering readers an in-depth and provocative assessment of an archive, promises to change — irreversibly — a field or two. Between Women is such a study. It is ambitious, purporting, as the subtitle indicates, to have something to say about big subjects, each of which merits — has, in the past, merited — individual studies of its own. The book fulfills this promise and more, sketching a Foucauldian social and sexual portrait of middleand upper-class Victorian England that will come as a surprise to many.1 Marcus situates the project specifically in relation to debates in sexuality studies, queer theory, and feminist and LGBT literary and historical scholarship on the Victorian era. For its evidence, the book draws on popular sources in a cultural studies vein (life writing, fashion magazines, conduct books, periodicals, popular novels, and other cultural artifacts, such as dolls) while also examining nineteenth-century anthropology and law. Last but not least, it engages some of the period's canonical fiction. The book's main polemical arguments target claims that have been made about female same-sex relations by feminist and lesbian scholars, on the one hand, and by queer studies scholars, on the other. Rather than perceive a "lesbian continuum" that extends female intimacy across the homo-hetero divide, Marcus documents distinctions among female friendship, unrequited same-sex desire, femaleoriented eroticism, female partnership, and same-sex sex.2 Further, she argues, none of these was regarded by the period — a period, she says, indifferent toward the homo-hetero divide for women (13) — as necessarily transgressive or subver-


This work presents the development of the space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) of a new multi-level converter topology. First, the proposed converter and its natural space vector diagram are presented. Secondly, a modified space vector diagram based on the virtual-vectors technique is shown. Simulation results by using a space vector approach are presented. Special emphasis is given on the total harmonic distortion (THD) by making a comparison with those of the classical NPC topologies.


Discovering new pathways for overcoming multidrug resistance (MDR) of cancer is important to the development of chemotherapy. Herein, by mixing the metal–phenolic network formed by tannic acid and Fe3+ with the doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded dendrimer (Den), we prepare the Den–DOX–tannic acid–Fe3+ (DDTF) nanocomplex which can combat MDR of cancer cells via an apoptosis/ferroptosis hybrid pathway. The elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) level caused by DOX-induced apoptosis sensitizes cancer cells to the Fenton reaction-induced ferroptosis and improves the efficiency of chemodynamic therapy (CDT). More interestingly, DDTF can preferably kill the cancer cells over the normal ones, possibly due to the higher hydrogen peroxide content in cancer cells. Besides, DDTF can efficiently transport DOX to the cytosol by evading the drug efflux transporters that are located on the plasma membranes of drug-resistant cancer cells and deliver DOX to the nuclei with the help of Fenton reaction-induced ferroptosis. Afterward,...


Antenna miniaturization techniques using meander line and Near-field Resonant Parasitic (NFRP) are presented in this paper. Also, antenna performance including reflection loss and gain have been optimized during the scale-down process. The proposed antennas are compared with the theoretical limits of small antennas to confirm the optimized performance in a limited space. The smallest possible size of the proposed antenna is 0.0232λ0 in length or ka = 0.103. The proposed scaling strategy will be applied to the design of RFID on-chip antennas in the future.


This paper describes the methods employed in a pilot archival tagging study on albacore tuna onboard an Irish trolling vessel in North Bay of Biscay during July 2005. The study aims to obtain an estimate of recovery rates for fish tagged with 'dummy' archival tags in order to assess the feasibility of conducting an archival tagging study for albacore tuna in the North Atlantic. A total of 199 fish were tagged and released during the first phase of this study.


The cost functions,which is used as the objectives in water quality programs is always non-linear,the common way to solve this question is to linearize the objective function and use the LP method.The paper concluded through examples that the result of programming is uncertain because of the random division of intervals.The problem could be solved well by gray theory.


We report a case of a 52-year-old Chinese woman with a history of primary hepatic cell carcinoma who presented with chest pain, cough, expectoration and bloody phlegm. Chest computer tomography (CT) revealed a 6.2 cm × 6.8 cm shallow lobulated irregular shaped mass in the hilum of the right lung. Bronchoscopy and CT guided lung biopsy was performed. Histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations of biopsies revealed the diagnosis of lung metastatic hepatic clear cell carcinoma. This case is thought to be extremely rare.


22 patients with myositisand from 23 controls. In the presence of inflammatory myositis and increased total CK activity, MM patterns correlated with the clinical trend, often more accurately than did measurements of total CK. MM1 proportions>30% of total CK-MMor ratiosof MM3 to MM1 1 reflecteda deteriorating course ofdisease. Patients whose disease was assessed to be clinically deteriorating wereclearly distinguished frompatients withimproving disease bytheirsubisoenzyme patterns (p <0.01). Thusthesepatterns add significantly to theinformation obtainableby routineblood analysis. AddItIonal Keyphraees: electrophoresis, agarose gel . muscle disease Polymyositis (PM) isa treatable myopathic disorder characterized by proximal muscle weakness, an abnormal electromyogram, and a muscle biopsy that demonstrates mononuclear cell infiltrates, degenerating and regenerating myocytes, and eventual muscle cell necrosis. Steroids and cytotoxic drugs are used to treat this disorder, but because of the morbidity associated with these agents investigators have sought serologic markers of the extent and severity of disease activity, which could be used to tailor treatment programs and thus reduce overall complications during therapy. Previous indices of disease activity have included the Westergren sedimentation rate, and activities of aldolase, aspartate aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase and its isoenzymes, but these often have proven insensitive, nonspecific, or occasionally misleading (1). Investigators exploring the incidence of antibodies unique to patients with PM have noted the antinuclear antibodies PM 1, Jo 1, and Mi (2-4) and have demonstrated antibodies to native muscle proteins such as myoglobin (5). Although the presence of these antibodies may be diagnostically useful, they provide little information regarding severity of the disease. Measurement of creatine kinase (CK; EC 184.108.40.206) is now the most common enzyme assay used for assessing disease


Abstract We examined the current composition and structure of a woodland in northeastern Illinois and evaluated the early effect of two prescribed burns. In an effort to increase white oak (Quercus alba L.) regeneration, managers are reintroducing fire into the woodland understory. We assessed canopy species and compared understory vegetation and light, along with soil nutrient characteristics, between a burned and an unburned area. In addition, we monitored transplanted white oak seedlings to better understand their growth and survivorship in the woodland. The canopy was dominated by white oak, but non-oak species, particularly slippery elm (Ulmus rubra Muhl.), ash (Fraxinus spp. L), and black cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrh.), dominated the smaller size classes. There were no differences in woody and herbaceous vegetation, soil, and light characteristics between the burned and unburned area. White oak regeneration was poor which appeared to be due to low understory light levels associated with high density of the shrub prickly ash (Zanthoxylum americanum Mill.) and high numbers of non-oak saplings. Transplanted seedlings also performed poorly, with low survival rates throughout the woodland as a whole. Mammalian herbivory is a likely cause of additional stress to white oak regeneration. Evidence of browsing of transplanted white oak seedlings was apparent throughout the study area. If white oak is to be a component of the future woodland, managers should consider: (1) implementing a more intensive management program aimed at reducing competition from non-oak species and (2) increasing light in the understory.


Booming noise generated by the structural vibration is one of the typical NVH problems in a car. Its mechanism for generation and transfer is so complex that various methods have been suggested so far. Through several basic tests, we found that the powertrain and sub frames, which are the main sources and paths of the booming noise, keep the rigid body motions over the RPM range of the low frequency booming. This paper presents a technique to predict the low frequency booming noise in a car using the rigid body information of the related sub-components including the engine and subframes. The rigid body information comes from the CAD data, from which we can predict the constant FRF's for each subsystem. For the trimmed body including the cabin cavity, we measure the FRF's using the experimental technique such as impact hammer test. The FRF-based sub structuring method combines those FRF's and the mounting stiffness at each connecting point to predict the noise level in the cabin. The noise level predicted by this method shows good agreement with those measured during the run-up tests of a real car. This method enables us to suggest a design modification for the noise reduction and predict the effect of design changes. Since the mechanism of this technique is very similar to the finite element formulation, we can apply it to the complex system with ease. (A) For the covering abstract see ITRD E113232.


The enaminoid derivatives formed by deprotonation of the olefin-α-chloro-nitrone cycloadducts (see preceding communications) undergo a beautifully clean cycloreversion at ambient or slightly elevated temperatures. The sequence (2+4)-cycloaddition deprotonation (2′+4)-cycloreversion constitutes a potentially useful method for the oxidative cleavage of olefinic double bonds with concomitant extension of the carbon chain at one of the double bond termini (indirect «carboxolytic» cleavage of double bonds; see schemes 1 and 3).


Link prediction finds the future or the missing links in a social–biological complex network such as a friendship network, citation network, or protein network. Current methods to link prediction follow the network properties, such as the node's centrality, the number of edges, or the weights of the edges, among many others. As the properties of the networks vary, the link prediction methods also vary. These methods are inaccurate since they exploit limited information. This work presents a link prediction method based on the stochastic block model. The novelty of our approach is the three-step process to find the most-influential nodes using the m-PageRank metric, forming blocks using the global clustering coefficient and, finally, predicting the most-optimized links using maximum likelihood estimation. Through the experimental analysis of social, ecological, and biological datasets, we proved that the proposed model outperforms the existing state-of-the-art approaches to link prediction.


BACKGROUND
Children's pain in dentistry has undesirable short- and long-term consequences; therefore, less invasive treatments merit consideration.

AIM
To investigate procedural pain scores for two treatments for carious primary molars in New Zealand primary care.

DESIGN
Split-mouth randomised control trial, secondary outcome analysis. Children (4-8-years) with proximal carious lesions on matched primary molars had one tooth treated with the Hall technique (HT), and one treated with a conventional stainless-steel crown (CT); treatment type and order of treatment were randomly allocated (allocation concealment). The Wong-Baker self-report pain scale measured pretreatment dental pain, procedural pain at each treatment, and post-operative pain.

RESULTS
Data were analysed for 103 children; 49 children had HT first, and 54 children had CT first. Procedural pain scores did not differ by treatment type, with 71.8% and 76.7% of children reporting low pain for HT and CT respectively. Fewer children reported low procedural pain for the second treatment than the first (p=0.047). Most children reported low procedural pain for both treatments (58.3%), although 41.7% experienced moderate-high procedural pain with at least one treatment.

CONCLUSIONS
The HT caused pain for as many children as the CT. There is an opportunity for better dental pain management in this setting.


The three legal bases like, the equitable doctrines of undue influence and unconscionable conduct and legislation directed at unfair contracts or conduct, on which guarantees may be set aside or modified because of unfair conduct in the taking of the guarantee are examined. It is suggested that current ideas of what constitutes independent advice are inadequate to form the basis of an effective protective procedure.


Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) play key roles in virtually all biologic responses through their interaction with proteins. Generally, GAGs are believed to interact non‐specifically with proteins. The primary reason for this belief is the highly electrostatic nature of their interactions and the fact that only one homogeneous GAG sequence has reached the clinic – the anticoagulant heparin pentasaccharide sequence. Are highly specific GAG–protein interactions so rare? Does nature rely primarily on non‐specificity to mediate the biological roles of GAGs? These questions are of major significance and insights into specificity of GAG–protein interactions may lead to many more GAG sequences reaching the clinic. Yet, a major challenge in understanding these interactions is the massive structural complexity of GAGs. Computational approaches are extremely useful in navigating this challenge and, in some cases, the only avenue to gain comprehensive insight. Computationally, most basic and many advanced questions on GAG–protein interactions can be answered including 1) does my protein bind to GAGs?, 2) where does the GAG bind?, 3) does the protein preferentially recognize a particular GAG type?, 4) what is the most optimal GAG chain length?, 5) what is the structure of the most favored GAG sequence?, 6) is the GAG–protein system 'specific', 'non‐specific', or a combination of both?, etc. Recent advances in the areas of thrombosis and cancer from our laboratories have led to discoveries of GAG sequences that are highly specific for their protein targets. The results raise the promise that many proteins may recognize GAGs with high specificity and clinically relevant GAG sequences are waiting to be identified.


The aim of this note is to propose a definition of the scientifi c diversity and corollarly, a measure of the "interdisciplinarity" of c ollaborations. With respect to previous studies, the proposed approach consists of 2 steps : first, the definition of similarity between journals and second, these similaritie s are used to characterize the homogeneity (or, on the contrary the diversity) of a publication list (that can be for one individual or a team).


This paper proposes a method to detect and isolate wormhole attacks in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). The main idea of this paper is to create many possible routes when sending Route Request (RREQ) from source to destination and to use those routes as reference of each other, in order to find malicious nodes with suspicious behavior within the network. The proposed method works in three steps, which are using routes redundancy, routes aggregation and calculating round-trip time (RTT) of all listed routes. Routes redundancy is started where source sends RREQ using every possible way to destination. All routes that connect source and destination are listed together with the number of hops from every route. Some routes gathered in the same relay point before destination is aggregated, so all nodes that join the network can be listed and the behavior of malicious nodes in can be detected. The RTT and number of hops of all listed routes are compared in order to detect suspicious route. Nodes with suspicious behavior within network are isolated and will not be considered for transmission. Simulation results shows the ability to prevent the increasing of packets dropped, based on wormhole isolation in our proposed scheme compare to normal AODV protocol and approach of previous time-based calculation.


This title covers the role of the hero's journey in 'Beowulf', 'The Lord of the Rings', 'Moby-Dick', 'To Kill a Mockingbird', and many other works.


This paper is to analyze the organic acids components in Chaenomeles sinensis(Thouin) Koehne by GC-MS and HPLC respectively.Experiment results with GC-MS showed that the organic acids in Chaenomeles sinensis(Thouin) Koehne are various and have high content.There are 22 species totally in Chaenomeles sinensis(Thouin) Koehne.Among the whole content the organic acids are account for 94.63%.The organic acids are mainly fatty acid,diprotic acid,ternary acid and little aromatic acid in Chaenomeles sinensis(Thouin) Koehne,among them the relative content of palmitic acid and 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid(Z,Z)-(linoleic acid) reach to 39.87%.The relative content of diprotic acid-malic acid is 14.20%.Experiment results with HPLC showed that the malic acid in Chaenomeles sinensis(Thouin) Koehne is the most of all the seven acids,and reaches to 29.72 g/L.Among all the organic acids the malic acid accounts for 81.2%.By way of the analysis of constituents and contents of esterfing derivatives and educts in Chaenomeles sinensis(Thouin) Koehne by GC-MS,there are 33 species.There are more matters than the matters of Chaenomeles lagenaria(Loiscl)Koidz reported by the document .These matters form the flavor and pharmacological efficacy in Chaenomeles sinensis(Thouin) Koehne.


(This paper is in Turkish) This paper based on three-digit (international standard industrial classification, ISIC-Rev.3) panel data over the 1991-2000 period measures technical efficiency and total factor productivity growth in the public and privately owned manufacturing sub-sectors in Ýzmir by using Data Envelopment Analysis and Malmquist productivity index. DEA. The empirical findings show that large-scale manufacturing industries are generally more efficient than the medium and small-scale industries in Ýzmir manufacturing industry. Also, privately-owned manaufacturing industries are more efficient than publicly- owned manufacturing industries, except for petroleum refineries, operating at the same scale. The most efficient manufacturing industries during the study period are petroleum refineries, tobacco manufactures, manufacture of pottery, china and earthenware, and beverage industries, respectively. On the other hand, the least efficient industries are manufacture of wood and wood cork products, except furniture; manufacture of leather and product of leather, leather substitutes and fur; and manufacture of textiles, respectively. Ýzmir manufacturing industry experienced annual average technical efficiency decline, technical progress and total factor productivity growth over the 1991-2000 period.


This paper, written in the Dutch language, addresses the main legal aspects of the constitutional reform of the overseas territories of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, focusing on the interplay between national law and European law in the constitutional setting of the splitting of the Federation of the Netherlands Antilles.


The frontal sinus is a centrally located structure of functional and aesthetic importance. Fractures of the frontal sinus may occur by either blunt or penetrating trauma. The fronto-cranial bones have a greater thickness than their neighbouring parietal and temporal bones, as they are often subject to more forceful mechanisms of injury. For this reason frontal sinus injuries account for only 5-15% of maxillofacial injuries, and are predominantly caused by highspeed motor vehicle accidents, assaults or direct contact sports . Settings with road traffic safety laws, seatbelts, airbags, and helmet laws have significantly reduced rates of high-impact injuries. In regions with few traffic safety measures (e.g. helmet laws, seatbelt laws) frontal sinus fractures are frequently seen . Without proper treatment, frontal sinus fractures may lead to a wide array of complications including facial deformity, CSF leak, mucocoele and death. For these reasons, proper diagnosis and treatment of acute frontal sinus injuries remains an important part of treating head and neck trauma.


Based on Suizhou-Yueyang highway possibility analysis of traffic flow investigation,the method of grey-relational analysis is applied to analyze and study traffic flow.It is shown that the presented method has a higher accuracy and can be used easily.


It is proposed a device for utilization of waste heat of an internal combustion engine (2) having a line circuit (4). In the line circuit (4), a feed pump (6), at least one heat exchanger (8), an expansion machine (10) and a capacitor (12) are arranged, in the line circuit (4) for circulating a working fluid. In the direction of flow of the working fluid high pressure side and in the direction of flow of the working medium prior to the feed pump (6) there is a low-pressure side behind the feed pump (6). A hydraulic connection (32) is arranged for the exchange of the liquid working medium between the heat exchanger (8) and capacitor (12).


Traction power supply system is one of the most important part of the railway system, which is responsible for providing electricity to power the running trains and other operating equipment. The performance of power supply has a profound impact on the railway system. Therefore, it is necessary to do research on the reliability of the power supply system and ensure its high reliability. This paper introduces some reliability-related indexes and proposes a method to evaluate the system reliability of DC electrified railway. Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) method is applied to perform reliability evaluation. This paper also proposes several methods to improve system reliability, providing guidelines for the robust design of the traction power supply system and substations in the future.


The photolysis of SO2 at 3130 A, FWHM = 165 A, and 22°C has been investigated in the presence of cis- and trans-2-pentene. Quantum yields for the SO2 photosensitized isomerization of one isomer to the other have been made for a variation in the [SO2]/[C5H10] ratio of 3.41–366 for cis-2-C5H10 and of 1.28–367 for trans-2-C5H10. A kinetic analysis of each of these systems permitted new estimates to be made for the SO2 collisionally induced intersystem crossing ratio at 3130 A from SO2(1B1) to SO2(3B1). The estimates of k1a/(k1a + k1b) obtained are 0.12 ± 0.01 and 0.12 ± 0.02 (two different kinetic analyses in the cis-2-C5H10 study) and 0.20 ± 0.05 and 0.20 ± 0.04 (two different kinetic analyses in the trans-2-C5H10 study). Collisionally induced intersystem crossing ratios of k2a/(k2a + k2b) = 0.51 ± 0.10 and k3a/(k3a + k3b) = 0.62 ± 0.12 were obtained for cis- and trans-2-pentene, respectively. Quenching rate constants at 22°C for removal of SO2(3B1) molecules by cis- and trans-2-C5H10 were estimated as (1.00 ± 0.29) × 1011 l./mole·sec and (0.857 ± 0.160) × 1011 l./mole/sec, respectively. Prolonged irradiations, extrapolated to infinite irradiation times, for mixtures initially containing SO2 and pure isomer, either the cis or trans, yielded a photostationary composition of [trans-2-pentene]/[cis-2-pentene] = 2.1 ± 0.1.


Vast amounts of data being generated, how to process massive data remains a challenge for machine learning algorithms. We propose hash kernels to facilitate efficient kernels which can deal with massive multi-class problems. We show a principled way to compute the kernel matrix for data streams and sparse feature spaces. We further generalise it via sampling to graphs. Later we exploit the connection between hash kernels with compressed sensing, and apply hashing to face recognition which significantly speeds up over the state-of-the-art with competitive accuracy. And we give a recovery rate on the sparse representation and a bounded recognition rate. As hash kernels can deal with data with structures in the input such as graphs and face images, the second part of the thesis moves on to an even more challenging task — dealing with data with structures in the output. Recent advances in machine learning exploit the dependency among data output, hence dealing with complex, structured data becomes possible. We study the most popular structured learning algorithms and categorise them into two categories — probabilistic approaches and Max Margin approaches. We show the connections of different algorithms, reformulate them in the empirical risk minimisation framework, and compare their advantages and disadvantages, which help choose suitable algorithms according to the characteristics of the application. We have made practical and theoretical contributions in this thesis. We show some real-world applications using structured learning as follows: a) We propose a novel approach for automatic paragraph segmentation, namely training Semi-Markov models discriminatively using a Max-Margin method. This method allows us to model the sequential nature of the problem and to incorporate features of a whole paragraph, such as paragraph coherence which cannot be used in previous models. b) We jointly segment and recognise actions in video sequences with a discriminative semi-Markov model framework, which incorporates features that capture the characteristics on boundary frames, action


Abstract Background/Purpose The Covid 19 epidemic has forced many organizations to move to remote work (RW), and this trend is expected to continue even later in the post-epidemic period. Employees of the organization are at the heart of this transi-tion to RW, so identifying the factors that affect employee satisfaction with RW is very important for organizations to increase employee commitment and motivation. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to identify and prioritize the factors affecting employee satisfaction with RW using an innovative method. Method In the first phase of this study, a conceptual research model was designed inspired by literature. In the next phase, the proposed conceptual model of this re-search was tested using structural equation modeling (SEM). Then, using the artifi-cial neural network model, the importance of each of the model variables in pre-dicting employee satisfaction with RW was identified. Results The findings of this article ultimately disclosed that work-life balance, in-stitutional and technological support, job satisfaction, and perceived limited com-munication are, respectively, are elements that affect employee satisfaction with RW. The first three factors are drivers of employee satisfaction and the last factor (i.e., perceived limited communication) is the constraint of employee satisfaction with RW because it had a statistically significant negative effect on employee satis-faction with RW. Conclusion This study revealed that organizations should focus on the processes and strategies to improve employees' work-life balance, provide institutional and technological support during remote work, and increase job satisfaction in order to increase the satisfaction level of their employees in the remote work. On the other hand, it was found that perceived limited communication is an effective factor that causes a decrease in the level of satisfaction of employees in remote work.


Objective: To obtain whether there was a correlation between the Sassone morphological index and CA 125 tumour markers for suspecting epithelial ovarian cancer with serous types. Methods: This research was analysis correlation and diagnostic test using cross-sectional design. This study was conducted in Dr. Zainoel Abidin Hospital, from November 2018 until April 2019. Results: There were 30 samples of patients with suspected malignant ovarian tumours. The Mann-Whitney test has been performed and the results show no relationship between the Sassone morphological index and epithelial ovarian cancer with serous type (p-value 0.627) and there was no correlation between CA 125 tumour marker and epithelial ovarian cancer with serous types (p-value 0.251). The diagnostic test was performed to examine the sensitivity and specifi city for the Sassone morphological index in epithelial ovarian cancer with serous type, resulting in 60% and 28%, respectively. In this study, the sensitivity and specifi city for CA 125 tumour marker in epithelial ovarian cancer with serous type were 80% and 40%, respectively. Conclusions: There was no correlation between the Sassone morphological index and CA 125 tumour marker for suspecting epithelial ovarian cancer with serous types.


Background: Knowledge of some early Islamic teachings regarding foetal development and breastfeeding may be of interest to health workers in paediatric practice. The Koran describes the creation of human beings in verses 22:5, 23:12 and 39:6. Some descriptions are reminiscent of phrases in Genesis and Ecclesiastes of the Old Testament. Symbiosis between mother and child is implicit in Koranic verse 46:15, which defines this period as lasting for 30 mo. Accumulated knowledge from earlier periods on the beneficial effects of breastfeeding is reflected in verse 2:233, as a recommendation that infants be breastfed for 2 y. In early Islam it was a father's obligation to ensure that his child received human milk, if the biological mother was indisposed to provide it. Securing human milk was of vital importance for the survival of the child. The historical solution was to employ a wet nurse. Paying a good salary to wet nurses and giving them a status similar to that of a biological mother was a precaution for securing that babies received sufficient milk. During the period of Islamic expansion, the medieval physician Ibn Sina of Buckara (AD 980–1037) contributed to the significance of breastfeeding by describing breast milk as "white blood".


Abstract The equivalent orbital method of describing the electronic structure of valence crystals, introduced in an earlier discussion of diamond, is extended in various ways. The interactions of more distant bonds are now included so that a more detailed description of the electronic structure can be given. The role of the equations as interpolation formulae is illustrated and used to deduce the effective masses of holes for diamond, silicon and germanium. The application of the method to the conduction bands is also considered.


A 20-year-old female with three laboratory ARA criteria pro SLE (LE cells, FANA, and positive Coombs test with hemolytic anemia), not under steroid therapy, developed polyarthritis, erythematous rash and acute pancreatitis simultaneously. The latter regressed with high doses of 6-methylprednisolone. Twenty-five months after remission of pancreatitis, no new clinical manifestations (of SLE) have appeared. In another 74 cases of SLE with an average follow-up of 3 years and 8 months there were no other cases of pancreatitis.


Abstract Objective: To examine the feasibility of taste testing and point-of-purchase prompting to promote healthier food choices at a food truck event. Design: A pre-/post-study was conducted where food trucks provided samples of healthy food items to patrons and implemented point-of-purchase prompting (promotional signage; verbal cues). Implementation fidelity, acceptability and initial effectiveness were assessed via observation, patron surveys and sales data. A linear mixed model with a random effect for subject (food truck) and fixed effect for time point (baseline, intervention and post-intervention) was used to assess changes in relative sales of promoted healthy items as a percentage of food items sold. Setting: Weekly food truck event in Buffalo, New York. Participants: Seven food trucks; 179 patrons. Results: Implementation fidelity data illustrated that all food trucks complied with manualised procedures. Approximately one-third of surveyed patrons accepted a healthy sample, with the majority rating the sample positively. There was no main effect of time when examining changes in relative sales of promoted healthy items across all periods (P = 0·32); however, effect sizes representing changes between individual time points are consistent with an increase from baseline to intervention (d = 0·51), which was maintained through post-intervention (d = 0·03). The change from baseline to post-intervention corresponded to a medium effect size (d = 0·55). Conclusions: Findings generally support the feasibility of implementing taste testing and point-of-purchase prompting to increase the selection of healthy food items from food trucks; implications for future research in this novel setting are discussed.


Among the Bryophytes, only the liverworts possess oil bodies containing large quantities of essential oils. Liverwort oil bodies are cytoplasmic structures bound by a single membrane that originates from the dilation of ER cisternae. They have no structural equivalent in the seed plants, the oil bodies of which accumulate mostly acyl lipids and are surrounded by a monolayer of phospholipids containing basic proteins. Biochemical studies have indicated that the isoprenoid biosynthetic pathways in liverworts are similar to those of the seed plants, but the isolation and purification of intact liverwort oil bodies is difficult and precludes direct analysis of their enzyme component. Suire et al. (pp. 971–978) have been able to circumvent this problem using a cyto-immunological approach employing antibodies for several key enzymes involved in isoprenoid biosynthesis. The immunolocalization of these enzymes in Marchantia polymorpha indicate that the enzymes equivalent to the plastid and cytosolic enzymes involved in isoprenoid biosynthesis in seed plants are found in the oil bodies of liverworts (Fig. 1). The liverwort oil body, therefore, represents a unique structure in which isoprenoid production and storage are combined.


The present study focuses on the popularly established idea that women are almost always oppressed under the patriarchal system while all men enjoy its benefits. Concerning some selected literature, the study argues the possibilities of "certain" men being the victims of patriarchy, carrying both manly and womanly qualities (according to patriarchal interpretations) to be more successful in their roles as men. Victims of patriarchy in this context refer to those who do not satisfy the gender stereotypical characteristics drawn by the patriarchal system and whose voices are unheard in society. The sample of the present study which falls victim to their effort to act upon the gender expectations of their culture includes Okonkwo in the novel "Things Fall Apart" by Chinua Achebe, Macbeth in the drama "Macbeth" by William Shakespeare, and Viscount Gontran-Joseph de Signoles in the short story, "A Coward" by Guy de Maupassant. The analysis of the protagonists' failure of these literary works raises the awareness of the "forgotten sex" in literature and obviously in society. Likewise, the present paper seeks to analyse whether a fine balance between the qualities of men and women would define successful personalities for men, which would help eliminate their ego-centrism that keeps women under their rule of thumb. The necessity of rejecting patriarchy which provides satisfaction to neither men nor women and replacing it with a system where men may freely respond to various circumstances of life without being the "outcasts" of their societies is also highlighted in the conclusion of the research.


The background of the treatment of sinusitis with aerosols is outlined. The experience of more than 10 years with aerosol Bacitracin is presented. The advantages over other methods of treatment will be discussed.


As a British colony, subsequently a British Dominion, and finally an independent Republic, South Africa for many years owed most of its extradition arrangements to succession to treaties concluded by Britain and extended to South Africa as a British 'possession'. As a British possession, extradition between the United Kingdom and South Africa was governed, up to South African independence, not by treaty, but by the British Fugitive Offenders Act 1881 a piece of British municipal legislation.


Examination, design and control of internal light conditions in permanently occupied spaces belong to important actual architectural issues. Especially in offices, workplaces can be often situated far from window. As the new medical facts were emerging during last decade, the significance of the non-visual human response on light, also known as circadian efficiency of light has been rising [1]. Biological stimulation of light depends on quantitative and qualitative properties of light, which penetrates directly into the human eye in contrast to visual stimulation depending more on the amount of the light reflected from the observed surfaces. Inappropriate selection of spectral filter in windows or internal coloured surfaces may significantly decrease potential light biological stimulation and may reflects in higher rate of Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) occurrence, which is connected to Seasonal Affective Disorders (SAD). The paper describes two experiments done in real conditions, focused on the effect of internal coloured surfaces and the influence of tinted glazing on daylight spectral characteristics in three deep space model rooms exposed only to natural daylight. Deeper positions with sensor`s orientation toward window and side wall were selected. The position of sensor representing the eye of sitting person and especially its orientation regarding to window proved noticeable different rate of biological stimulation`s efficiency in comparison with same level of horizontal illuminance on working area.


Design pattern describes a recurring problem and its common solution, which usually is in abstract form. The application of design pattern requires coding the generic solution. It is necessary to assure the coding process correctly implements not only the structure but also the desired behavior of the design pattern. This problem is called implementation correctness in this paper. By providing the definition of partial order between sequence diagrams, we formally describe the implementation correctness. We verify the implementation correctness with model checking by using process algebra to specify the source code and temporal logic to specify the behavior of the pattern.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to reflect on the gender composition of retail management and various issues in the careers of women managers during the last 25 years, a time period that has been transformational in many ways for UK retailing.Design/methodology/approach – The paper is based on empirical research from the last 25 years.Findings – Findings indicate that progress of women in retail management positions has been slow and they are still under‐represented at senior levels of UK companies. Barriers to women's ascension to senior management positions persist, and can be broadly related to the traditional division of labour, and organisational cultural norms and values which uphold deep‐rooted stereotypes and promote intransigent modes of working.Practical implications – The gendered assumption of the male model and male leader as the ideal retail manager needs to be challenged further, and embedded cultural norms and outdated attitudes towards women in retail organisations require to be fu...


Currently, the highest frame rate achieved by a solid-state image sensor is 16.7 Mfps. To further increase the frame rate to 1Gfps, an image-sensing unit is proposed, which consists of a cluster of CCD pixels and a CMOS driver circuit in close proximity to it. Each pixel has multiple collection gates (MCG) that are driven by a local ring oscillator (RO) through level shifters and XNOR gates. One tape-out was completed, where several pixel arrays and driver circuits were implemented separately in a IMEC 0.13μm CMOS technology. Based on our results, a complete image sensor featuring localized drivers, 3D stacking, and backside illumination is currently being designed to achieve 1Gfps. 1. Multi-Collection-Gate Image Sensor Figure 1 shows the MCG pixel structure of the test chip, where there are six gates surrounding the center of the pixel on the front side: one collection gate which is connected to the drain (B1) is denoted as drain gate (A1) and the other five collection gates (A2~A6) for electron collection are connected to the neighboring storage gates (B2~B6) [1]. The driving voltage VH, which is 3.3V higher than VL, is applied to one of the collection gates to exclusively collect signal electrons generated in the backside layer of the sensor chip. To start the collection operation, VL is applied to the drain gate; when to stop the collection, VH is applied. A s imulation analysis of the sensor chip is presented in a sister paper [2]. 2. RO-XNOR Driver The target of the driver is to generate continuous pulses with a pulse width that is programmable from 100ps to 1ns. The circuit that achieves this functionality comprises a ring oscillator (RO), level shifters, and XNOR gates, Fig. 1 Hexagonal MCG pixel model (A pixel is defined by a shaped p-well which guides signal electrons generated in the backside layer to the center of the pixel on the front side, where: A1 and B1: drain gate and drain A2-A6: collection gate B2-B6: storage gate Others: gates for signal transfer after an image capturing operation. ) Fig. 2 Diagram of a RO-XNOR driver. as shown in Figure 2. A chip was fabricated in 0.13μm CMOS technology from IMEC to test the driver under actual operating conditions; the layout of the fabricated chip is shown in Figure 3. At this time, the swing of MCG driving signals is 3.3V, but in future designs 1.2V will be used. Lower swing is helpful to increase frame rate to 10 Gfps and to reduce power consumption, due to the large parasitic capacitance of MCG pixels. To meet this requirement, a 1.2V RO was designed and level shifters were used to convert the voltage to 3.3V. The RO needs to satisfy several requirements: (1) an accurate 50% duty cycle to ensure identical pulse widths for each cycle, (2) low power consumption to ensure scalability up to several Mpixels, (3) output voltage stability to ensure sensitivity and frame rate uniformity across the array. Considering these conditions, a 6-stage pseudo-differential RO was designed with 5 taps generating as many identical signals shifted by 1/12 of the clock period, which are then level shifted from 1.2V to 3.3V, maintaining the duty cycle unchanged. XNOR gates generate 5 continuous pulses with the designed pulse length by combining adjacent taps (see a simulation of the signals in Figure 4). The architecture is scalable and it enables high stability in terms of supply voltage variations. Temperature stability is achieved by locking a replica oscillator in a PLL with an external crystal. The actual signals generated by the fabricated chip are shown in Figure 5 (a) and (b), whereas the measured signals are compared with the original 5-corner simulations. The schematic of the RO-XNOR driver is shown in Figure 6 [3]. Fig. 4 Outputs of a RO-XNOR driver for the hexagonal BSI MCG image sensor : Driving signal of the drain gate A1 : Driving signals of MCGs Fig. 5 (a) RO frequency versus control voltage (dashed curves are measurement results, solid curves are simulations at 5 corners); (b) MCG driving signals observed with oscilloscope with the width of 2.2ns to 3ns; (c) pulse width measured by TDC at about 700MHz. (a)


Virtually all countries now depend on complex computer-based systems. National infrastructures and utilities rely on computer-based systems and most electrical products include a computer and controlling software. Industrial manufacturing and distribution is completely computerised, as is the financial system. Therefore, producing and maintaining software cost-effectively is essential for the functioning of national and international economies. Software engineering is an engineering discipline whose focus is the cost effective development of high-quality software systems. Software is abstract and intangible. It is not constrained by materials, or governed by physical laws or by manufacturing processes. In some ways, this simplifies software engineering as there are no physical limitations on the potential of software. However, this lack of natural constraints means that software can easily become extremely complex and hence very difficult to understand.


This article focuses on the situation of "in transit" migrants who remain in the transit country. It is based on a long-term observation study of Nouadhibou (Mauritania) and Bamako (Mali). Three case studies reveal diverging ways of transforming migration experiences into social capital while taking advantage of the opportunities offered by life on the frontier. All cases have in common a connection with transnational networks. These include, for instance, international trade and religious networks in Nouadhibou and a heterogeneous network of migration management and humanitarian aid organizations in Bamako. In this last case, as a counterpoint to the emphasis placed on individual trajectories, the authors offer an account of collective mobilization and links of solidarity within the ghetto of the so-called "Central Africa deportees," with a specific focus on its integration into the existing network of illegal migrant associations.


A helium cryostat developed at the University of Toledo has recently been described by Hardie, Kirschbaum, Martin & Pinkerton [J. Appl. Cryst. (1998), 31, 815–817]. This helium cooling system has now been tested on macromolecules, using crystals of chicken egg lysozyme and sperm whale myoglobin. Phase changes in terbium vanadate crystals indicate that temperatures delivered by the cryostat were less than 33 K. Unit-cell contraction in the protein crystals is consistent with the previously reported He data. Large crystals approaching suitability for neutron diffraction studies were successfully flash-cooled and a large crystal of lysozyme was rescued for data collection after undergoing a cycle of macromolecular crystal annealing (MCA) following poor flash-cooling. Comparison of diffraction data from sperm whale myoglobin crystals collected in both He and N2 showed a 23% lower overall B factor for the He data. The results of these studies show that this device might be an especially useful adjunct both for neutron diffraction studies and at high-intensity synchrotron X-ray sources, in addition to its use in the standard macromolecular crystallography laboratory.


This paper studies the impact of wind power production on electricity prices in the European energy market. We propose a new modelling framework based on so-called regime-switching Levy semistationary processes to account for forward-looking information consisting of predicted wind power generation. We show that our new regime-switching model, where the regime switch depends on the so-called wind penetration index, can describe recent electricity price data well.


Down syndrome is a chronic genetic condition considered the most common cause of intellectual disability. In Brazil, Down syndrome is responsible for 18% of intellectual disabilities and has an incidence between 01 of 600 and 01 of 800 live births, with an estimate of approximately 300,000 people with this syndrome. It is known that the birth of a child with Down Syndrome can be associated with a high level of stress and changes in the family system. However, studies have shown that many families adapt to this new situation and even thrive it. However, despite advances in the research of factors that promote adaptation and resilience in families of individuals with Down syndrome, very little is known about this theme in the Brazilian environment. Thus, this research aimed to make the translation and cultural adaptation of the instrument "Adaptation and resiliency in Families of Children with Down Syndrome" to the Brazilian culture and also the perception of the family at the time of diagnosis of Down syndrome. Methods: This is a methodological study with a quantitative approach that followed the method of translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the instrument that intends: 1-Translation, 2-Summary of translations, 3-Backtranslation and 4-Summary of backtranslation, 5-Review by experts panel, and 6 Pre-test. 46 families of individuals with Down syndrome took part in the descriptive study. Results: The process of transcultural adaptation allowed to obtain an instrument linguistically and conceptually equivalent to the original version with validity in its content. From the descriptive study we found that most parents receive a diagnosis of Down Syndrome shortly after birth, a fact that causes an initial negative impact on parents who need to engage in a process of immediately adaptation to the new family reality. In addition, the families indicated that they would prefer to be informed of the diagnosis when both parents were together, which has not occurred. Conclusion: The final version of the instrument Adaptation and Resilience in families of individuals with Down syndrome showed conceptually and linguistically loyalty to the original version as regards its content validity. This instrument can serve as a work tool to help nurses to understand the situation experienced by the families of individuals with DS and thus to make a positive intervention in the family assisting them to overcome the adversities encountered. Key-words: Resilience, Adaptation, Family nursing, Down Syndrome.


Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) is one of the main causes of patient visits to health centers (40%-60%) and hospitals (15%-30%). In Indonesia the level of use of antibiotics is still quite high. The unwise use of antibiotics and the incorrect application of standard precautions in health care facilities an lead to the occurrence of resistane. This study aims to determine the evaluation of drug use in non-pneumonia Aucute Respiratory Infection (ARI) patients at the Sigumpar Health Center. This Type of research is an observational study with a descriptive design and data taken retrospectively. The total sample of 101 medical records was taken by purposive sampling technique. The patients who often suffer from non-pneumonia acute respiratory infections at the Sigumpar Health Center occur in the age group of 6-11 years, namely children by 20,79%. Based on the results of this study, the most widely used drugs were analgesic-antipyretic (69.30%), antihistamine (65.34%), vitamins (62.37%), mucolytics (48.51%), expectorants (32.67%), antibiotics (27.72%) and corticosteroids (23.76%). The use antibiotics for non-pneumonia ARI patients at the Sigumpar Health Center was 27,72% so that it was categorized as not in accordance with the provisions of the Inonesian Ministry of Health in 2017 that the use of antibiotics in non-pneumonia ARI patients was ? 20%.


Petroleum activity in the Far East during 1977 witnessed a slight recession compared to 1976. Peninsular Malaysia, India, and the Philippines registered significant gains. Areas which declined significantly were Bangladesh, Burma, and Thailand. Indonesia, which encompasses about 25% of the total activity showed a 12% decline. Approximately 426 exploratory wells were reported in the region compared to 504 in 1976. Again, as in 1976, 27% of these were drilled in Indonesia. Exploratory wells drilled in 1977 resulted in discovery of 32 oil fields and 17 gas fields. This total excludes the People's Republic of China, Afghanistan, India, onshore Bangladesh, and Burma, because they do not release official results of onshore drilling. Production during 1977 rose to approximately 4,062,600 BOPD, a 6.6% increase. India, Indonesia, and the People's Republic of China all registered sizable gains to account for most of the increase. The most significant discoveries, although they do not represent large quantities of hydrocarbons, were in the Philippines and Thailand. These discoveries appear to have added the quantity necessary to allow these countries to become commercial producers of hydrocarbons for the first time. The People's Republic of China also apparently had a major discovery in the East China Sea, north of Hainan Island, but no details are known. During 1977 there was a general pull-back by foreign contractors into the more established petroleum provinces. The exception was in Vietnam where contract negotiations continued by several companies. Acreage blocks were awarded to AGIP, Deminex, and Elf-Aquitaine. Also in the Philippines, owing to the implementation of seismic option contracts, large areas were taken. These areas are subject to further negotiations if companies wish to extend their option to drill. On the negative side, major relinquishments occurred in Bangladesh, Burma, Maldive Islands, Sri Lanka, the Andaman Sea in offshore Thailand, and South Korea. These areas apparently showed little exploration encouragement to foreign contractors. It is interesting to note there are no foreign contractors represented in Burma and South Korea, 2 of the active "new" areas in 1976.


Copyright © 2019 by author(s) and International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Journal. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/4.0) ABSTRACT Air conditioning has great importance in many areas of life. Especially it is crucial in transportation sector. Many people spend long time in an automotive cabin (during business, travel, shopping, etc.,) every day. The aim of this study is to analyze the performance of a bus shell by considering identifying practical solutions in order to reduce the impact of air conditioning on bus, consumption and, therefore, on air pollution. The analysis is carried considering several parameters, including passenger capacity, local climatic conditions, fuel consumptions, and latitude and longitude of starting destination of the places. For the analysis, a bus with passenger capacity of 60 people is selected and then it's heat load capacity will be determined by considering different conditions like seasons and various loads. The influence of the refrigerant decrease and the change of the air temperature which gets to exchangers on the refrigeration efficiency of the system to be analyzed. Also, its effectiveness and the power required to drive the compressor will be analyzed. The entire model, its analysis and results are discussed in the below work.


Equity theory (Adams, 1963, 1965) has been one of the most influential frameworks within management and organizational behavior (Colquitt and Zapata-Phelan, 2007), as it plays a discernible role in the daily lives of employees. Indeed, when individuals perceive inequity at work, they are less satisfied with their jobs, their productivity suffers, and they are more likely to quit (Colquitt et al, 2001). At its core, equity theory posits that individuals make fairness judgments by calculating the ratio between their outcomes (e.g., pay, promotion, etc.) and inputs (e.g., skills, contributions, etc.) and subsequently comparing it to the ratios of relevant peers. In equitable situations, these ratios are equal. In inequitable situations, however, tension or distress is caused in proportion to the perceived inequity, and individuals are consequently motivated to restore an equitable balance. Although the tenets of equity theory are widely accepted, researchers acknowledge that individual reactions to inequity can differ greatly. These differences have been the subject of a growing body of research into what has become known as equity sensitivity (Huseman et al., 1985, 1987). As is true of other individual differences, equity sensitivity has become recognized as important in predicting attitudinal and behavioral outcomes in the work setting, including job performance (e.g., Bing and Burroughs, 2001; O'Neill and Mone, 1998). To describe how people differ in their perceptions of and reactions to inequity, Huseman et al. (1987) proposed a taxonomy by which individuals' unique equity preferences placed them into one of three categories: Benevolent, Entitled, or Equity Sensitive. Benevolents prefer their outcome/input ratio to be less than their relevant peers, Entitleds prefer their ratio to be greater than others, and Equity Sensitives prefer ratios equal to their peers. Despite its intuitive logic and strong theoretical foundation, equity sensitivity research has struggled to accumulate a coherent body of findings consistent with equity theory tenets (e.g., Allen and White, 2002; Miles et al, 1989; Zellars and Kacmar, 1999). These inconsistencies, some researchers contend, are partly due to problems in measuring equity sensitivity (Davison and Bing, 2008; Foote and Harmon, 2006; Taylor et al., 2009). Self-report measures, often used to measure the construct, are generally susceptible to socially desirable responding and other biases (Dunning et al., 2004; Podsakoff and Organ, 1986; Spector, 1994). With respect to equity sensitivity measures, researchers have tended to find mean scores indicative of benevolence, so "the question then arises as to whether individuals indeed are more benevolent than entitled in their relationships with organizations, or whether they simply respond in a socially desirable direction (i.e., in a benevolent direction)" (Davison and Bing, 2008: 184). Moreover, Clarke al. (2010) found through cluster analyses that entitled individuals were the least prevalent equity sensitivity group (17%) among a large sample of working adults, with benevolent (33%) and equity-balanced individuals (50%) being more common. Whether due to individual motives or to the measures themselves, distortion of one's equity preferences could affect the accuracy with which a score describes an individual's standing on the characteristics being measured (i.e., benevolence and entitlement) and the validity of predictions made from the scores. As response distortion has been shown to inflate test scores (Kruger, 1999; Viswesvaran and Ones, 1999) and reduce scale variance (Hough et al., 1990), it represents an important yet unexamined problem that may be affecting equity sensitivity research. As such, the present study explores the susceptibility of various equity sensitivity measures to response distortion. THE DISTORTION OF EQUITY SENSITIVITY Two theoretical perspectives support the idea that equity sensitivity scores can be distorted. …


In this work, we study on the effects of the oxygen pressure on the structural and crystalline of MgZnO thin films. MgZnO thin films were deposited on p-Si (111) substrates by using pulsed laser deposition. The X-ray diffraction analysis and energy-dispersive X-ray results revealed that as the oxygen pressure increased and Mg content in the MgZnO films decreased. Also Crystal structure was changed from cubic rock salt to hexagonal wurtzite. Alpha step and atomic force microscopy results showed that the thickness of the films are about 100 nm, and it has been found that the MgZnO (002) preferred orientation were deposited with increasing the oxygen pressure. Therefore, the effect of the preferred orientation, the crystallization grew in the form of the columnar; Grain size and RMS of the films were increased with increasing oxygen pressure.


In wireless sensor networks, finding a consensus in which the system works collectively is a fundamental problem of distributed estimation. Meanwhile, non-Gaussian problems arise in many real scenarios, such as target tracking and digital communications. The recently proposed distributed maximum correntropy Kalman filter (D-MCKF) has performed better than the conventional distributed Kalman filter (DKF) in non-Gaussian environments. In the DKF and D-MCKF, the nodes with more neighbors can achieve better performance than those with fewer neighbors. The differences among different nodes may weaken the network. In this paper, the consensus strategies are incorporated into non-Gaussian KFs to mitigate state differences among different nodes. We firstly incorporate the average consensus into the D-MCKF, and secondly propose a new weighted consensus strategy based on the correntropy cost function, where the estimated state and observations of neighbors are involved. Simulations show that the proposed algorithm mitigates state differences among different nodes.


This article will present an application case of different optical technologies to the study and analysis of artworks. It will present the results of the capture of the geometry of an statue of the "Virgen del Rebollet" using 3D digitizing technology based on the fringe pattern projection technique, as well as the colorimetric capture via using the RGB pattern projection technique, a process that is integrated in the general process of 3D digitizing. Also, it will be presented the results of the final process for the 3D presentation, using stereoscopic vision systems, that are actually well-known due to its increasingly use for entertainment applications, that are a innovative element for the diffusion and analysis of artworks.


The performance of experimental equipment built to evaluate a fibre optic method for reading instruments in remote locations is described. A retroreflecting encoder and a wavelength division multiplexing technique have been combined giving passive operation at the instrument and the need for only one fibre to read and transmit the data. A signal processing scheme for decoding a five digit decimal number using a microcomputer and means for compensating variations in source output and optical attenuations are discussed.


This study investigated two preservice teachers' emergent perceptions about learning and understanding fractions while they engaged with and reflected on fraction-based children's thinking activities in a content course. Our findings show varying perceptions in regards to mathematical content and their own understanding of mathematics. These findings are due, in part, to the level of confidence the participants brought with them.


1 Hopkins NFG, Wolfe JHN. Thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. BMJ 1991;303:1260-2. (16 November.) 2 PIOPED Investigators. The value of the ventilation/perfusion scan in acute pulmonary embolism; results of the prospective investigation of pulmonary embolism diagnosis. J7AMA 1990;263:2753-9. 3 Sissons GRJ, Pugh ND. Venous ultrasound in the thigh: normal variants and potential pitfalls. Brj Radiol 1991;64(suppl):27. 4 Harris I, Diggory RS, Abbott GT. Light reflective rheography as a first line imaging method for lower limb deep venous thrombosis. Brj Radiol 1991;64(suppl):57.


S., 22 years old, has been ill since June 1968, when unpleasant sensations in the epigastric region associated with eating appeared for the first time. Over the past three months, he has sharply weakened, lost a lot of weight. He was admitted to the hospital in October 1968.


In youth theory of the 90s, one frequently encounters the terms i~adi2~ieltialisation, risk, and reflexivity. More than in previous social systems, youth scenes in post-industrial societycan be characterised by terms such as dissolving traditions, diversity, individual solutions, uncertainty and risk. Roberts (1995) claims that while a railway journey might have been a suitable metaphor for youth in modern society, a drive in private


Acomprehensive coronary computed tomographic (CT) examination may include the calcium score, evaluation of the coronary arteries including prior coronary interventions such as bypass grafts and stents, qualitative and quantitative evaluation of left ventricular function, cardiac chambers and morphology, and evaluation of the cardiac valves. Calcium Score Evaluation begins with review of the prospectively triggered non-contrast-enhanced axial source images acquired for cardiac scoring. The axial source images should be reviewed in conjunction with the semiquantitative calcium scores obtained using a dedicated calcium scoring software analysis program (Fig. 1). The calcium scores for the individual coronary arteries using the AJ-130 method are reported along with the total AJ-130 score, and also the newer volume score and/or mass score. 1-3 The latter two scoring methods have been shown to be less variable and may be more useful if patients undergo follow-up examinations. While a negative calcium score implies a low probability for obstructive coronary artery disease and future coronary events, a positive calcium score is an independent predictor of both. The relative risk for an acute cardiac event increases with a higher score. The risk for an acute cardiovascular event can be potentially estimated from the total cardiac score (Table 1). 4-6 Table 1 provides the scoring strata and relative risk in asymptomatic patients. The score should be reported by percentile rank for age and gender (Table 2).


We have gathered a sample of 112 main-sequence stars with known debris disks. We collected published information and performed adaptive optics observations at Lick Observatory to determine if these debris disks are associated with binary or multiple stars. We discovered a previously unknown M-star companion to HD 1051 at a projected separation of 628 AU. We found that 25% ± 4% of our debris disk systems are binary or triple star systems, substantially less than the expected ∼50%. The period distribution for these suggests a relative lack of systems with 1–100 AU separations. Only a few systems have blackbody disk radii comparable to the binary/triple separation. Together, these two characteristics suggest that binaries with intermediate separations of 1–100 AU readily clear out their disks. We find that the fractional disk luminosity, as a proxy for disk mass, is generally lower for multiple systems than for single stars at any given age. Hence, for a binary to possess a disk (or form planets) it must either be a very widely separated binary with disk particles orbiting a single star or it must be a small separation binary with a circumbinary disk.


The essay probes into the application of EDA technology into such aspects as the electric teaching, cultivating students'practical capabilities and the sustainable development of production,study and research.


Mercerization is one of part of wet processing technology; it is the special type of treatment for cotton. Mercerization is done to get some special properties of the textile materials. In this process, the physical properties of the material get change. The purpose of this work is to study the effect of deflection of mercerization machine shaft and determine how shaft stiffness affects in mercerization process. The Simulation and experiment has shown that the residual stress on the shaft deformation accounts for about 7 mm, which cannot be ignored. The control of the potential error from residual stress in the process of shaft deflection measurement is of great significance for improving the shaft deflection accuracy. The design parameters were optimized with the help of ANSYS with the objective of minimizing the internal diameter of shaft. The design optimization also showed significant potential improvement in the performance of shaft. The results of ANSYS are used for determination of deflection characteristics, modeling and analysis of mercerization machine shaft.


In view of the different consumption behaviors and habits of users in different regions of a city, if the behavior data of users in the whole network are used for model training without distinction, some unique consumption habits of users in a certain region may be ignored. This paper proposes a feature fusion algorithm based on Collaborative Filtering. First, it makes full use of the mature regional data to learn a model with strong generalization ability, and then adds sparse data to conduct feature fusion, so as to recommend items that users with sparse features may buy more accurately. The validity of the collaborative filtering algorithm is proved by the order data of two different regions in a city.


Ross Anderson's life-work involves establishing security engineering as a discipline. In his book Security Engineering: A Guide to Building Dependable Distributed Systems, he ventures a definition: 'Security engineering is about building systems to remain dependable in the face of malice, error or mischance. As a discipline, it focuses on the tools, processes and methods needed to design, implement and test complete systems, and to adapt existing systems as their environment evolves'. In his Indian Institute of Science (IISc) centenary lecture 'What is engineering?' delivered at IISc, Bangalore in December 2009, he spoke of the increasing complexity of sociotechnical systems, the accompanying problems of crime, conflict and system failures, and strategies to improve system dependability. He also stressed on the need for learning from and applying tested methods from other disciplines such as economics, systems biology and psychology, and indicates '. . . it is often at boundaries between disciplines that big advances can be made'. Ross Anderson is Professor of Security Engineering at the Cambridge University Computer Laboratory, where he teaches courses in software engineering, economics and law, and security. He has an MA in mathematics and a Ph D in computer engineering, he worked in avionics, in banking and as a consultant. He was one of the founders of the discipline of security economics and a pioneer of peer-to-peer systems, hardware tamperresistance and information hiding. He designed the 128-bit block cipher 'Serpent' with Eli Biham and Lars Knudsen, which was a finalist in the competition to find an advanced encryption standard. He is a Fellow of the Royal Society, the Royal Academy of Engineering and the Institute of Physics. He is also the chair for the Foundation for Information Policy Research, UK and an elected member of his university's governing body, the Council, for the period 2003–2010. The following is an account of the conversation with Ross Anderson on 'vulnerable security' held on 15 December 2009 at the Supercomputer Education and Research Centre (SERC), IISc.


(Your abstract must use Normal style and must fit in this box. Your abstract should be no longer than 300 words. The box will 'expand' over 2 pages as you add text/diagrams into it.) Introduction: Articular cartilage (AC) undergoes biomechanical changes during growth and maturation in vivo. Regulation of immature AC by growth factors in vitro can lead to distinct growth phenotypes. The study objectives were to test the hypotheses that (1) TGF-β1 and IGF-1 differentially regulate the tensile modulus of immature AC during in vitro growth and (2) tensile properties of immature AC depend on anatomical location. Methods: Immature bovine knee superficial (S) and middle (M) layer AC explants were prepared from the groove of the trochlea. Samples were analyzed fresh (D0) or after 12 days of culture (D12) in medium with 10ng/ml TGF-β1 or 50ng/ml IGF-1. Additional D0 explants were harvested from the trochlea ridge. Explants were tested to 5% and 10% tensile strain and equilibrium tensile modulus (E) was determined from stress relaxation data. The effects of treatment or location were analyzed using ANOVA with post-hoc Tukey testing (p<0.05). Results: Compared to D0, D12 TGF-β1 explants had maintained or increased E (Figure 1a,b). In contrast, D12 IGF-1 explants had decreased E. Groove explants had higher E than ridge explants at 5% strain (Figure 1c) with a similar trend at 10% strain. Discussion: These findings elucidate the differential biomechanical consequences of TGF-β1 and IGF-1 regulation of AC growth, which may occur through alteration of the collagen network and may help guide in vitro growth of native or tissue-engineered cartilage. Variational properties of tensile modulus across layer and location are important considerations for AC tissue engineering.


Abstract : By mounting small disc reflectors that are moveable relative to the inner reflector surface of a parabolic dish antenna, nulls can be generated in the side lobe region of the power radiation pattern with minimal distortion effects to the main beam. A physical optics model of this antenna system is developed to investigate in a simplified direct manner the phenomena of phase nulling caused by disc movement. Array theory using isotropic radiators is used to sample the aperture distribution to approximate the far field electric field of the dish. A physical optics approximation for scattering off a flat metal disc is used for discs and feed blockage effects. (Theses)


It is shown that the predictions of the Miller-Robert-Sommeria (MRS) statistical mechanical approach to $2 \mathrm{D}$ coherent structures can be derived also in a viscous context. From this per-spective, what one maximizes is not the entropy but the viscous-induced mixing. Moreover, it is possible to give a validity criterium at high Reynolds number. gradients are then efficiently smoothed out by diffusion, the net result being a very large effective diffusion coefficient, large in comparison to the molecular coefficient


Insidiatorem interfici iure posse . Legitimate Defence as the Method of Legal Argumentation – pro Milone Summary In the trial of Titus Annius Milo, charged for a murder, the strategy of defence was constructed upon the fact that the defendant had acted in self-defence. According to Cicero the circumstances which could be perceived as justified were those in which one undertook a forcible course of action against the violence. The orator explains that the common sense gives all the people a possibility of defence against any unjustified act of aggression. Each human being is supposed to know this rule from the very beginning of his life. Therefore in a situation of a life danger caused by an enemy or an villain, every action taken to eliminate it finds a full moral justification.


Through analyzing the relative studies on marine green economic accounting,the research significance,present situation,content,existing problems and developing thought of marine green economic accounting were summarized synthetically.


One of the issues related to globalization - the most important issue is the sovereignty of national states and resonance. The stage is on the agenda of with modern in global competitiveness and economic sovereignty of the interoperability problem, which, in turn, organically linked to the economic security of Independent States. This is one of the country's national security - a key component.

In order to balance the positive and negative consequences of globalization, it is recommended by international financial - economic institutions and activities of large transnational companies Such a manner transformation of their economic interests According to sovereign state's domestic economic policies. On the other hand, sovereign states, with globalization in the face of economic security.

Among economic reforms implemented for overcoming of world financial and economic recessions the special accent is brought to macroeconomic stabilization; strengthening of financial sphere is recognized one of imperatives of economic policy. Just these matters are covered by the present work.


A compound according to formula I: or salts, bioisosteric equivalents, stereoisomers, radioactive derivatives or prodrug Esterformen thereof, wherein: Is selected from R C and C R R R R n is 1 or 2; and all their possible isomers of the above variables; Prodrug Esterformen; be radioactive and forms being included.


The author discusses the reasons for the integration o f Austria with the European Community/ European Union, primarily emphasizing political issues. Applying the criteria o f chronology and different issues, she discusses the most important stages and matters that were decisive in the process o f Austria's accession to the EU. The specific situation o f this state followed from its geopolitical position and neutral status. These factors determined the negotiation process. The paper also illustrates the fact that Austria's membership of EU structures raises controversy, can be troublesome, and forces the EU to come up with legal solutions and political decisions that help avoid pitfalls in its functioning.


Livestock production plays a signi cant role in the livelihoods of households in rural areas of Ethiopia. However, its productivity is low with a low contribution to the national gross domestic product. The poor performance of the livestock sector in the country has been related to different reasons such as large livestock numbers, poor quality of breeds, insuf cient amount of good quality feeds and seasonal variation in their availability, poor health of livestock and inadequate health services, inef cient management of livestock, poor infrastructure, poor marketing and credit facilities, inadequate knowledge of integrated mixed farming system and inability of the farmers to exploit this resource due to different priorities. Among the aforementioned problems, feed scarcity is the primary constraint to livestock productivity in crop livestock mixed farming systems (EEA 2006). Thus it is vital to address this constraint if improvements in livestock productivity are to be achieved. The introduction and subsequent utilization of high yielding improved forage crops could solve the animal feed shortage problem in the country. Moreover, it has been reported that the introduction of forage crops (legumes) into mixed farming systems through intercropping with cereal increases farm income and reduces pressure on land resources (Kassie 2011). Thus far different forage species were identi ed for various agro-ecological zones of the southern region. However, the level of adoption and utilization of improved forage technologies is said to be minimal in the region (Zekarias 2016). The level of improved forage crops adoption can be accelerated through strengthening the extension and credit services (Hassen 2013) and through enabling farmers to obtain trainings on forage production and utilization, which could be achieved through demonstration or their participation starting from forage crop adaptation or selection (Zekarias 2016). Participatory principles provide farmers' views, their acceptance of the intervention and information on the compatibility of the intervention within the farming ISSN: 2312-3370, Agricultural Science and Practice, 2017, Vol. 4, No. 2


In a time of global climate change, thousands of cities across the United States are taking action to become more sustainable by forging alliances, collaborating on innovative projects, and developing programs to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In spite of significant challenges, such as decreased revenues, reduced organizational capacity, or lack of a formalized long-term sustainability vision, U.S. cities in many cases are leading the charge in the governmental arena. Due to a city's inherent ability to influence people's actions through leading by example, city sustainability efforts are already having a substantial impact in the areas of natural resource conservation and social equity. This article examines how a number of cities in the San Francisco Bay Area are heeding the call to action by reducing their carbon footprints, conserving precious natural resources, and creating more livable, sustainable cities for current and future generations to enjoy.


Sleep is very important for the health. Analyzing the polysomnography (PSG) helps us get valuable information to assess the quality of sleep. In this work, we develop a program to automatically detect the transition from wakefulness to sleep in adults. The accurate detection of the point of sleep onset occurs in the first time is useful for assessing the micro-structure of sleep. The proposed method is analyzed polysomnography of 30 healthy volunteers, using data of one channel Electroencephalography, Electrooculography and chin Electromyography. The algorithm automatically analyzes every second according to American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) standards with the latest version. The results obtained under two levels: identify and list the epoch occurred the transition, and exact the time of the shift occurred. With more than 85% in accuracy, the study shows the feasibility to provide timely warning. This approach opens up developing a system in real-time warning: doze off in student, drowsiness, sleepiness when driving or working. It helps us to examine the brain's response to external stimuli to reduce the time of sleep latency. Index Terms — sleep onset, PSG, micro-structure, AASM. Automatic detection of sleep onset in healthy adults Le Quoc Khai, Dinh Thi Ngoc Anh, Tran Hoang Bao, Huynh Quang Linh


To have better detection of vessel on shore in the port,an angle detection method was presented to detect vessels with acute angle in their front part.On the basis of the polar coordinate transformtion of a point in image,this method a ccumulates the gray values of gradient images in each direction,detects the two directions of largest accumulated value,obtains the accumulated values and direction angles in both directions,and finally,sets the possibility of the point as angle point using a weight calculating formula.This method,combined with Gauss smoothing,can easily find out the angle point of different scales and the position corresponding to the point,and can effectively detect front endpoint and direction of vessel,and can conveniently to determine the position of vessel.This method overcomes the drawbacks of other methods that can not distinguish the vessels on shore,and provides a good support for vessel detection.


To establish an ecologic compensation mechanism is a new task around the globe.The legalization of ecosystem compensation mechanism is one of the extremely important problems.This study analyzes the problems that exist in China ecosystem and puts forward the basic approach of legalization for ecosystem compensation mechanism.Some concrete measures for promoting the legalization of ecosystem compensation mechanism are proposed from the aspects of how to advance the legalization,perfect the regional economic compensation,perfect the environment resources taxation,promote the diversification of ecosystem compensation channels,and coordinate the management system and compensation policy.


We have measured the electric-field-induced $g$ shifts for tetragonal ${\mathrm{Ce}}^{3+}$ sites in Ca${\mathrm{F}}_{2}$, Sr${\mathrm{F}}_{2}$, and Ba${\mathrm{F}}_{2}$. These systems were chosen because they afford one of the simplest types of site in which odd-field effects can be studied. The ${\mathrm{Ce}}^{3+}$ ion substitutes at a ${\mathrm{Ca}}^{2+}$ (or ${\mathrm{Sr}}^{2+}$, ${\mathrm{Ba}}^{2+}$) lattice site. The odd field is essentially due to a charge-compensating ${\mathrm{F}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ interstitial ion lying along one of the $〈100〉$ cubic axes. The magnitude of the electric effect has been calculated by taking into account both the odd and even harmonics in the new crystal-field potentials which are induced at the ${\mathrm{Ce}}^{3+}$ site when an electric field is applied to the sample. The basic crystal-field calculations have been made by means of a point-charge point-dipole model. The values obtained in this way are too large, but can be brought into better agreement with the experimental values by allowing for screening effects and for distortions in the lattice caused by the interstitial ${\mathrm{F}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ ion. An attempt has been made to interpret the changes in $g$ shifts observed through the series of host lattices.


Resistance training has been used as non‐pharmacological approach for control hypertension. A single bout of exercise can lead to a post exercise decreased blood pressure especially in hypertensive individuals. However neural central mechanisms involved in this modality of exercise remain unclear. Therefore the aim of this study was to evaluate the acute effects of a single bout of resistance exercise (RE) on blood pressure, baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) and cardiac autonomic balance in L‐NAME hypertensive rats. The resistance exercise (RE) consisted of 10 sets of 10 repetitions with 1 minute of interval between sets performed at 60% of one repetition maximum test, in squat‐training apparatus. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was measured by a catheter placed in the carotid artery and recorded 15 before (baseline) and during 120 minutes post exercise. BRS was analyzed by sequence method and cardiac autonomic balance by heart rate variability in the frequency domain. Hypertension decreased BRS (from 2.03 ± 0.3 to 1.05 ± 0.2 mmHg/s, p<0.05) and increased both LF/HF ratio (from 0.12 ± 0.03 to 0.34 ± 0.05 nu, p<0.01) and LFsys (from 2.69 ± 0.1 to 5.19 ± 0.5 mmHg2, p<0.05) in baseline time. A single bout of moderate RE reduced MAP between 45' to 120' (p<0.001) and heart rate (HR) from 75' to 120' (p<0.05). Furthermore increased BRS from 15' to 105' (p<0.01) and both LF/HF ratio (p<0.05) and LFsys (p<0.001) were reduced. These results suggest that a single bout of moderate RE promotes a better hypertension control by improved BRS and cardiac autonomic balance in L‐NAME hypertensive rats.


PURPOSE: To provide a digital communication system which allows errors and easily supports base band switching frequency hopping technique and synthesizer hopping technique. CONSTITUTION: In a digital communication system where primary stations arranged so as to perform burst mode communication with plural secondary stations based on frequency hopping are provided with plural transceivers RFU1, RFU2,..., RFUn and plural transceiver controllers RCC1, RCC2,..., RCCn connected to the transceivers through distribution mediums, distribution mediums are provided with point to multipoint links RXL1, RXL2,..., RXLn and TXL1, TXL2,..., TXLn which are provided between transceiver reception sections RX1, RX2,..., RXn and transceiver controllers RCRX1, RCRX2,..., RCRXn and between transceiver controllers RCTX1, RCTX2,..., RCTXn and transceiver transmission sections TX1, TX2,..., TXn. COPYRIGHT: (C)1995,JPO


Haplotype assembly from high-throughput sequencing data is a computationally challenging problem. In fact, most of its formulations, including the most widely used one that relies on optimizing the minimum error correction criterion, are known to be NP-hard. Since finding exact solutions to haplotype assembly problems is difficult, suboptimal heuristics are often used. In this paper, we propose a novel method for optimal haplotype assembly that is based on depth-first branch-and-bound search of the solution space. Drawing on ideas from sphere decoding algorithms in digital communications, we exploit statistical information about errors in sequencing data to constrain the search of the haplotype space and thus efficiently find the optimal solution. Theoretical analysis and extensive simulation studies, as well as benchmarking on 1000 Genomes Project experimental data, demonstrate efficacy of the proposed method.


The effects of high temperature induced by microwave radiation on the schistosity structural rock were investigated. A 1.45 kW commercial microwave system was employed to irradiate specimens to a designed temperature (300–800 °C) for 15 minutes. Cracking and local melting initially appeared in the biotite enrichment area at 500 °C. Macro-cracks in the dark area were parallel to the schistosity trend, owing to the weak connection in a direction perpendicular to the schistosity plane. The composition of the rock did not significantly change before and after microwave radiation. The diffraction peak intensity of the biotite decreased with temperature increase, owing to melting. The average peak stress decreased significantly with increasing temperature. It is concluded that the high temperature induced by microwave radiation promotes hard rock breakage and the schistosity structure of rock significantly affects the cracking pattern.


The author discusses mechanical computer-aided engineering (MCAE). He describes how software for desktop computers is replacing trial and error in modeling and analysis, and sometimes serves as the front-end database of computer-based manufacturing. As an example, he examines how an engineering consulting firm specializing in low-volume speciality items redesigned a package for weapons that required environmental sensitive enclosures with an airtight seal. Other uses of MCAE are considered briefly.


Purpose Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) causes benign in-tracranial hypertension (BIH). Patients and Methods A case of an 11-year-old girl with severe IDA and benign intracranial hypertension is presented. Results Treatment of iron deficiency resulted in the resolution of BIH. Recurrence of BIH is observed with the recurrence of IDA. Chronic intermittent blood loss from the intestinal polyps was the etiology of recurrent IDA. Conclusions A thorough search to determine the etiology of IDA is essential for proper treatment. Although BIH is a rare complication of IDA, its association with IDA should be recognized for prompt treatment before an extensive and costly workup for BIH is done.