Fusel oil is a by-product of a distillation of ethyl alcohol from fermentation of molasses, contains mainly C 3-C5 alcohols. This fusel oil can be used as a solvent, antifoaming agent, or as a fuel. However the most useful utilization of fusel oil as a raw material for producing higher alcohols especially amyl alcohols. Amyl alcohols are the main components of fusel oil which amount to 30-50% and have wide applications in many kinds of industries. These include pharmaceutical and food industries, where it is used as a raw material for producing flavours. The aim of this study is to design a distillation column for recovery of amyl, butyl, propyl and ethyl alcohol from fusel oil. A hand calculation was first made and generalized through HYSYS simulation program. The calculation results were compared with that of HYSYS program which has given satisfied results. The dimensions of the column were found to be of diameter 3.7 m, height 13.8 m, Number of theoretical and actual stage 20, 37 respectively, Efficiency 54%, as shown in Tables (3), (6), and (7).


SU-8 is finding increased use as a structural polymer MEMS material due to its biocompatibility, mechanical properties and low cost. The goal of this work is to expand the use of SU-8 through the creation of SU-8-based surface-micromachining processes that use polydimethylglutarimide (PMGI) as a sacrificial layer. PMGI is a deep-UV positive resist, used mainly for bilayer lift-off processes. PMGI is a good sacrificial layer candidate, as it is spinable at a wide variety of thicknesses, is photopatternable and has a glass transition temperature greater than the processing temperatures required for SU-8. PMGI is shown to be useful as a sacrificial layer for SU-8 surface micromachining processes with one freestanding layer with patterned metal, single-layer devices with more than one thickness, and two layer devices. Two classes of devices were fabricated with the developed processes. The first class of devices are compliant mechanisms, including bent-beam actuators, thermal isolation platforms and out-of-plane grippers. The second class of devices fabricated are freely moving devices such as hinged plates and gears, which require the use of true kinematic joints, such as scissor hinges, staple hinges and pin joints.


Bipolar electrosurgical systems are used for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in urology. In order to analyse electrothermal processes during surgery the power loss density distribution around a bipolar resectoscope is calculated out of the measured potential distribution in isotonic saline solution ex situ. During further analysis power loss density values act as input for the Penne's bioheat equation. To achieve results, which are as realistic as possible, a method to obtain power loss density values, depending on the observed tissue or medium in the operating field, is presented. Applying this method, the power loss density distribution in isotonic saline solution at 25 °C is compared to the distribution calculated for the average conductivity of biological tissue in the region of interest.


Therefore an active influence on the interior sound is desired to provide an intuitional driver feedback and mask driving noise at the same time. However, as the electric drive train acoustically as well as technically differs strongly from drive trains based on combustion, the user acceptance is doubtful if these technologies were connected by using typical combustion engine sounds in electrical vehicles. Yet, it is not clear what these cars should sound like.


The synergetic innovation of manufacturing enterprise is based on the competition and collaboration. The behavior process model of synergetic innovation is set up and three important parts are discussed: strategy, organization, and mechanism. Two kinds of co-existence models of synergetic innovation model are analyzed. The co-existence model of equal strength explains that the core enterprise plays more important role than other enterprises. While the co-existence model of unequal strength explains that the enterprises should keep strong competition condition during the synergetic innovation.


-1 , average weight fruit -1 and vine length at the time of harvest. A negative association with sex ratio was also noticed. Path coefficient analysis showed that the number of fruits plant -1 and average weight fruit -1 directly contributed to the yield of ash gourd accessions and the flesh thickness indirectly effected yield. So, number of fruit per plant, average fruit weight, fruit length and vine length were the important characters for varietal selection of ash gourd.


In view of the zero drift problem existing in the low-pass filter method of the voltage model of stator observer,a new method,in which double low-pass filters( double-LPF) with different cut-off frequencies and proportion coefficients are used to eliminate the zero drift influence by subtracting the output of the filters in the input electromotive force,is proposed so as to replace pure integration for solving the stator flux. The reason for improved performance is analyzed theoretically. According to the characteristics of the filters a method for compensation of amplitude and phase is proposed,and the influence of the parameters of double-LPF to flux observation is also analyzed. The validation and effectiveness of the new method are verified by simulations and experiments.


Reputation is an aspect of human existence that is given great importance and value. People spend their lives tirelessly striving to build a reputation that can do their perseverance justice and give their legacy strength. It only takes one moment, one comment, or one person to destroy it all. This becomes especially troublesome and unjust when the words being used to attack one's reputation are false and malicious. In legal parlance, this phenomenon is called defamation and is a popular topic of study in both civil and criminal law. When we place the already menacing nature of defamation in today's world, it becomes clear how the internet makes it exceedingly easy for it to occur, by virtue of the scope and swiftness of the digital realm. This transcendence of defamation from the physical world to the virtual one also raises many legal questions regarding the specific nature and evolution of the phenomenon, the present laws surrounding the issue and any possible adaptation it might have to undertake, to cope with modern developments. Hence, in its attempt to truly understand defamation in today's digital world, this paper will, rather than studying the tort of defamation as a legal principle, look at how defamation takes place in an online context, specifically in relation to social media and networking platforms. It will shed light on the hazards associated with this form of defamation, and how these dangers are even more potent now than ever before. Lastly, but importantly, this paper will investigate the laws that govern cyber defamation and delve into the ever-important question that arises when investigating the issue: "who is liable?"


Linearized Euler solvers based on a high-resolution numerical scheme are presented. The approach is to linearize the numerical-flux vector as opposed to carrying through the complete linearization analysis with the dependent-variable vector written as a sum of a mean flow and a small perturbation. This allows the linearized equations to be maintained in conservation-law form in the time domain. A harmonic assumption regarding the nature of the unsteady perturbations results in a set of time-independent equations in the frequency domain. The linearized equations are used to compute unsteady flows in cascades arising from blade vibrations. The time-domain equations are solved in a time-accurate manner and the frequency-domain equations are solved using a local time-stepping procedure. Numerical solutions are compared to theoretical results, to other linearized computations, and to numerical solutions of the nonlinear Euler equations. The frequency-domain computations were found to be at least an order of magnitude faster than the corresponding time-domain computations


This is the conclusion of a two-part translation of José Maria López Piñero's book John Hughlings Jackson (1835—1911), Evolucionismo y Neurología (Madrid: Editorial Moneda, 1973). Part 1 was published in History of Psychiatry 21 (1): 85—95.


A basic result concerning the validity of Pade approximation used in time delay systems is presented. The local distribution of poles of a system containing a Pade approximant as a substitute for exp(—s) is shown to be asymptotically consistent with that of the original system as the order of approximation is increased.


ABSTRACT All-epitaxial multilayered ferroelectric thin films of (Bi,La)4Ti3O12(BLT)/ Pb(Zr,Ti)O3(PZT) were prepared on SrTiO3 substrates by pulsed laser deposition. X-ray pole-figure and electron diffraction analyses showed that the epitaxial relationships between BLT, PZT, and STO were BLT(001)//PZT (001)4//STO (001), and BLT[110]//PZT [100]//STO [100] for the multilayered thin films on (001)-oriented STO substrates, whereas for the multilayered thin films on (011)-oriented STO substrates, the epitaxial relationships between BLT, PZT, and STO were identified to be BLT(118)//PZT(011)//STO(011), and BLT[ 0]//PZT[100]//SrTiO3[100]. Clear interfaces between different film layers were confirmed by cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy observation. Tri-layered films of the same composition showed well-defined hysteresis loops as well as a high fatigue resistance up to 1 × 1010 switching cycles.


Addresses a self-reconfiguration scheme of 3D-mesh arrays. The reconfiguration performance of 3D-mesh is obtained for 3D 1 1/2 . We demonstrated that the proposed HS-scheme achieves high system yield without global information. Although 2D-mesh with 8000 PEs requires much more than 90 x 90 PEs, 3D-mesh array becomes a compact size of arrays. It is seen that the HS-scheme dose not achieve high array yield for a large size ED-mesh since the number of tracks is limited. However, the HS-scheme can be widely applied to 3D-mesh consisting of more PEs, more spare PEs, and more tracks, although other schemes are only for 3D 1 1/2.


The use of sequence weights to estimate a consensus distribution of nucleotides at any position of an alignment of nucleic acid sequences is found to perform poorly in comparison to a maximum-likelihood method based upon phylogenetic relationships. We derive optimal sequence weights for sequences related by a phylogenetic tree but find that, among a collection of primate sequences, the sequences-weights approach is 51% as efficient as the maximum-likelihood approach in making use of the alignment data. Preferable to the use of sequence weights to estimate the distribution of bases at each aligned sequence position is the use of an alternative recipe. First, seek a phylogenetic tree that connects the species in question, perhaps employing the aligned sequence data set itself for that purpose. Second, use the tree topology and edge lengths to calculate a maximum-likelihood distribution of bases at each position in the aligned sequence.


Involving students from a wide range of backgrounds in Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) project communities gets them a hands-on, portfolio-building experience in the creation of a real-world project while simultaneously building their institution's public profile. The Teaching Open Source (http://teachingopensource.org) community is an emergent (3 year old) group working on scaffolding to bridge the cultural differences between academic and FOSS communities of practice. Join us to share questions, challenges, and triumphs of incorporating FOSS participation into existing and new curricula as well support resources for doing so. Alumni and current members of the POSSE (Professors' Open Source Summer Experience, http://communityleadershipteam.org/posse) will attend in mentorship roles. Faculty attendance at the SIGCSE 2010 BoF on Teaching Open Source (TOS) indicates that student involvement in FOSS projects is a teaching and learning approach of interest for many faculty members. The transparency of both artifacts and process make FOSS an attractive real-world experience that enhances peer learning and intrinsic motivation for a diversity of courses, from introductory, interdisciplinary, and non-major classes to software engineering core offerings and senior capstones. However, such student participation involves a significant learning curve and effort on the part of the faculty member, and support structures for faculty are still maturing. 2011-2012 marks the 3rd academic year the TOS community has explored this realm together, and the past year has seen the emergence of more best practices, support resources, and curricular material. Community members are starting to design cross-institutional research on the impact of FOSS participation on students. BoF attendees will be encouraged to ask questions, network, and take advantage of the TOS community as a support structure for their own courses and projects.
 The audience is expected to consist of instructors who 1) are interested in learning how to get started in involving students in FOSS projects; or 2) have involved students in FOSS projects and are looking for better ways to facilitate student learning within FOSS projects.


The Caves at Aurangabad: Early Buddhist Tantric Art in India. Carmel Berkson. Mapin Publishing Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad 1987. Distributed by University of Washington Press, Seattle. xvi, 238 pp. $32.50.


This paper examines the Bolivian economy since President Evo Morales took office in 2006. It finds that Bolivia's economic growth in the last four years has been higher than at any time in the last 30 years, averaging 4.9 percent annually since the current administration took office in 2006. Projected GDP growth for 2009 is the highest in the hemisphere and follows its peak growth rate in 2008.


We study different types of continuous mappings of Sorgenfrey line S (real line with topology, which base consists of all right half-opened intervals [a,b) ) onto real line R. We construct open continuous mapping of S onto R. On the other hand we prove, that for any closed continuous mapping of S into R the image is countable.


The objective of this paper is the simplified model of the reflected signal during subsurface sounding. Physical processes which influence the propagation of the electromagnetic wave are examined in the article. The process of accounting for reflecting local objects situated in the path of the sounding signal propagation is explained in the article. The proposed model is implemented in MatLab software.


The energetic model of ferromagnetic hysteresis is generalized for isotropic materials. All reversible contributions of the domain wall movements are described by a reversible field strength. The probability for an elastic movement to proceed is decreasing with increasing'distance from pinning centers. The physical constants of this model are derived from initial susceptibility, coercivity, and saturation magnetization. The approach shows a good agreement to the magnetization curves of both soft and hard magnetic, anisotropic and isotropic materials.


This paper discusses the implementation of quality management systems and business excellence models in the textile companies of Pakistan. The literature indicates that Pakistani companies are falling far behind in comparison to their international competitors in the dimensions of competitiveness like timely delivery, consistency, reliability, innovation and quality. However, higher level of adoption of quality management systems and business excellence models can help the organisations to improve their competitiveness and performance. In this study data was collected from two hundred and ten textile companies which were the member of All Pakistan Textile Mills Association (APTMA) and located in the province of Punjab. The findings of this study indicate that only ISO 9000 Quality Management System was widely adopted by the sample companies whereas the other models like EFQM Excellence Model, MBNQA, ISO 14001, SA 8000 and Six Sigma are not given much importance. The sample companies need to move beyond the adoption of ISO 9000 in order to achieve higher levels of performance and competitiveness in the international market.


Carcinogenesis, in a recent years, is highly known to be linked with nutrition, particularly the micronutrients which play an important role as an antioxidant as well as an immunity-potentiating agent. Epidemiological studies with human cancer subjects, however, were very limited in India though people in India are exposed to different kind of carcinogens quite often. In this review, we analyzed and showed that Vitamin C, Vitamin E and Zinc have significant effect in lowering cancer risk.The vegetables and fruits that are rich in Vit C are broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cauliflower, green and red peppers, spinach, cabbage, turnip greens, and other leafy greens, capsicyum, Lemon, oranges, etc. Food rich in Vitamin E are nuts, seeds, avocado, vegetable oils and wheat germ. Zinc, an important trace elements for growth can be found in meat, shellfish, legumes like chickpeas, lentils and beans, seeds, nuts, dairy, eggs and whole GrainsOur mission, as an educators and researchers, is to translate the scientific discovery of any health issue like cancer to a health-literate generation in college, family, and community. Coordinated collaboration between professionals in education and public health can better prepare our young people to be health literate and cancer-free.


Illustrates poster presentation technology for use in conference presentations. Provides September 2008 description of legal research and writing program at the University of Arkansas School of Law.The basic template is a Microsoft Power Point Slide and has been distributed by Swarthmore College online.


Salad, soybeans, rye and tobacco plants, grown on field in the open air or in greenhouses contain benzo (e) pyrene, benzo (a) pyrene, perylene, anthanthrene, benzo (ghi) perylene, dibenzo (a,h) anthracene, and coronene through air pollution. Plants of the same seeds, grown in a special room with air supply by filter-combination (cellulose filter + filtering charcoal + special filters) and with air lock for personnel (changed clothes) show non of the polycyclic hydrocarbons. Under these conditions, it is not possible to find any hints at biosynthesis of the above mentioned polycyclic hydrocarbons.


People who are homeless are being particularly affected by the coronavirus pandemic. Common health problems such as respiratory disease put people who are homeless at more risk and self-isolation is impossible if you are living on the streets or in temporary accommodation. Those dependent on alcohol are at even greater risk as they need to continue using to prevent withdrawal, which can lead to serious health problems and sometimes death. But lockdown and self-isolation are challenging if you need to get a hold of alcohol. The coronavirus recovery needs to be evidence-led – help us bring you the facts.


Pauling and Corey proposed a pleated‐sheet configuration, now called α‐sheet, as one of the protein secondary structures in addition to α‐helix and β‐sheet. Recently, it has been suggested that α‐sheet is a common feature of amyloidogenic intermediates. We have investigated the stability of antiparallel β‐sheet and two conformations of α‐sheet in solution phase using the density functional theoretical method. The peptides are modeled as two‐strand acetyl‐(Ala)2‐N‐methylamine. Using stages of geometry optimization and single point energy calculation at B3LYP/cc‐pVTZ//B3LYP/6‐31G* level and including zero‐point energies, thermal, and entropic contribution, we have found that β‐sheet is the most stable conformation, while the α‐sheet proposed by Pauling and Corey has 13.6 kcal/mol higher free energy than the β‐sheet. The α‐sheet that resembles the structure observed in molecular dynamics simulations of amyloidogenic proteins at low pH becomes distorted after stages of geometry optimization in solution. Whether the α‐sheets with longer chains would be increasingly favorable in water relative to the increase in internal energy of the chain needs further investigation. Different from the quantum mechanics results, AMBER parm94 force field gives small difference in solution phase energy between α‐sheet and β‐sheet. The predicted amide I IR spectra of α‐sheet shows the main band at higher frequency than β‐sheet. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2010


We review the DPD sum rules and establish their validity to all orders in QCD. This is done using a diagrammatic approach and light-front perturbation theory. In the process we furthermore investigate the QCD evolution of double parton distributions and obtain sum rules for $1\to2$ splitting kernels in close analogy to the DPD sum rules themselves.


As a result of its close collaboration with reproductive health organisations world wide, A VSC International1 developed a package of quality improvement approaches to encourage better use of human and physical resources. This paper focuses on A VSC's experiences in East Africa where the package of quality improvement approaches was first used. It describes each component of the package providing programme examples to illustrate how site staff and supervisors actually implemented the approaches.


A canpa.rison ot experimental and calculated magnetic moments of' odd-A spheroidal nu.cJ.el gives strong evidence that there is a. reduction of the magnitude of the effective g 8 £actors by ,.. 1.5 units below the magnitudes for free nucleons. The seriousness of Coriolis interaction effects on ~ for one class of nuclei is also illustrated.


primal landscape, imprinted on my senses, a place by which I measure every other place 179). The collection is not without the expected moments of nostalgia, but the writers generally seem aware ofwhen their memories become too idyllic. After waxing over the romance of the deteriorating industrial town of his youth, Michael Dirda admits, " Certainly,I mythologize. Perhaps more than a bit. Childhood can be a golden age no matter where it is spent 19).True,one need not grow up in Ohio to experience the magic of childhood,but each of these writers attempts to capture something of the unique in what might otherwise be labeled " the typical American upbringing. Perhaps Ian Frazier, in describing the people of his hometown, explains best: " Only people from Hudson


Traditional collaborative filtering algorithms recommended has brought fundamental changes in electronic retailing. But as the recommended precision and personalized demand of the users are higher and higher, the algorithm to project the drawbacks of the irrational evaluation and sparsity problems, has seriously affected the accuracy of recommendation. Based on these problems, this paper puts forward a kind of collaborative filtering recommendation algorithm based on fuzzy equivalence relation and causal clustering, an algorithm based on user - project ratings, archived, characteristic value of a matrix to calculate the similarity between them. And the establishment of the matrix is based on the project, the user has similar transitivity and causal relationship; And then through the transitive closure method a project is calculated based on fuzzy equivalence matrix optimal threshold value method to measure the similarity and construct weighted feature method based on project, user triangular fuzzy number to calculate the similarity, so as to realize precise and personalized recommendation. The experimental results show that the algorithm can improve the accuracy of the data and evaluation, improve the accuracy and personalization of the proposed algorithm.


OBJECTIVE
To study the effects of tongjiang granule (TJG) on reflux esophagitis (RE) in rats.

METHODS
Two rat models of RE were established respectively by cardioplasty + pyloric ligation + Roux-en-Y gastro-jejunum anastomosis and by placed a fixed steel ring into the gastric cardia, and the model rats were treated with various dosages of TJG or cisapride by gastric perfusion.

RESULTS
Rat models were established successfully by both methods. The score of pathological changes of esophagus mucosa in the model rats, made by either method, after high-dosage TJG treatment was lower than that in the model rats (P < 0.05), but equal to that in the cisapride treated model rats. High and moderate dosages of TJG were shown by transmission electron microscope to have effects of alleviating heckle cells and inflammatory reaction. They could reduce the level of gastric acid, more significant in high and moderate dosage groups (P < 0.05), while cisapride couldn't.

CONCLUSION
TJG is effective in treating experimental RE in rats to a certain extent.


The tribological characteristics of dental metal alloys and zirconia were studied by carrying out a friction and wear performance test. In this study, a pin-on-disk-type tester was used and dead weight was employed as the normal load applied to the test specimen. The friction coefficient of dental metal alloys was investigated in terms of their weight and sliding velocity. Microscopic observations were carried out on worn surfaces of specimens. The results indicated that among all metal alloys, Super-A had the highest friction coefficient. Super-A had the lowest amount of wear among all metal alloys, and the amount of wear increased in the following order: Crown & Bridge, Porcelain, and Partial. Crown & Bridge had the best friction coefficient, but the hardness of Crown & Bridge was lower than that of Porcelain and Partial. Experimental measurement results indicated that the disk weight before and after the experiment was the same.


Brizziite is a new sodium antimonate mineral from the Cetine mine, Tuscany, Italy. It occurs as dense aggregates of platy {001} hexagonal crystals. Associated minerals are stibiconite and mopungite. The crystals, which are polysynthetically twinned, are colourless and transparent, with pearly lustre. Electron microprobe analyses give Na 2 O 15.98 and Sb 2 O 5 83.28 wt.%, corresponding to the formula NaSbO 3 . Optically, brizziite is uniaxial (-) with e = 1.631(1), ω = 1.84, birefringence 0.21(1); VHN 15 microhardness 57; D meas = 4.8(2) g/cm 3 ; D calc = 4.95 g/cm 3 . The unit cell is rhombohedral (hexagonal) a = 5.301(1), c = 15.932(4) A, space group R3 and Z = 6


Background: Description of disease activity status in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) at fixed points in time modelled as continuous (e.g. number of swollen joints counts), dichotomous variable (e.g. remission or low disease status using composite measures) do not reflect the patient's disease course in chronic and relapsing RA. Objectives: We proposed to describe the longitudinal disease activity trajectories for patients with early and established RA over two years' follow-up in routine clinical care. Methods: RA patients enrolled in the Ontario Best Practices Research Initiative (OBRI) with available DAS28-ESR over two years of follow-up were included. Using a latent growth curve modelling (LCGM), subgroups of patients following distinct pattern of DAS28-ESR change over time were identified. Fit statistics and model selection was based on Bayesian information criterion (BIC). Results: A total of 1273 patients were included, 454 (36%) with early RA and 819 (64%) with established RA. At baseline, patients with early RA were significantly younger (57.3 vs. 59.1 years) and with higher DAS28-ESR (4.6 vs. 4.3), and were less likely to have an erosion (25.0% vs. 59.7%), to be RF-positive (70.3% vs. 76.8%), and to use biologic DMARDs (7.0% vs. 29.2%). In patients with early RA (Figure 1A), three subgroups of patients were identified by LCGM with a better fit (BIC: -3070.84). Almost 88% patients with moderate disease activity reached remission (group 1: 48.4%) or low disease status (group 2: 39.3%) after two years, while 12% of patients with high disease profile remained in a moderate state (group 3). In patients with established RA (Figure 1B), seven subgroup of patients were identified by LCGM with a better fit (BIC: -5378.13). After two years' follow-up, 37.5% of patients in remission or low disease state at baseline remained or reached to remission (group 1 and 2, respectively). Two groups of patients with high disease activity at baseline had an improvment after two years (17.3% reached remission and 9.3% reached moderate state; group 5 and 7, respectively). 16.5% of patients with high disease activity at baseline remained in high disease status after two years (group 4 and 6). 19.4% of patients with moderate activity at baseline remained in a moderate state after two years (group 3). Conclusion: Disease course is different between early and established RA. While 70% of early RA patients with moderate or high disease profiles reached remission, only 17% of established patients with high disease activity achieved remission after two years of follow-up. These findings suggest the potential effects of receiving early treatment and health care. The impact of sociodemographic, clinical and medication profile on disease course will be examined as future work for this study. Disclosure of Interests: Mohammad Movahedi Consultant of: Allergan, Angela Cesta: None declared, Xiuying Li: None declared, Claire Bombardier Grant/research support from: Dr Bombardier reports sources of funding for Ontario Best Practice Research Initiative Research grants from Abbvie, Janssen, Amgen, Medexus, Merck, Pfizer, and Novartis outside of the submitted work. Consulting Agreements: Abbvie, Covance, Janssen, Merck, Pfizer, Sanofi and Novartis outside of the submitted work. Advisory Board Membership: Hospira, Sandoz, Merck, Pfizer and Novartis outside of the submitted work.


A simple model is described of how objects of different masses stream towards each other as they cluster gravitationally. The model shows how the mean streaming velocity of dark matter particles is related to the motions of the parent dark matter haloes. It also provides a reasonably accurate description of how the pairwise velocity dispersion of dark matter particles differs from that of the parent haloes. The analysis is then extended to describe the streaming motions of galaxies. This shows explicitly that the streaming motions measured in a given galaxy sample depend on how the sample was selected, and shows how to account for this dependence on sample selection. In addition, we show that the pairwise dispersion should also depend on sample type. Our model predicts that, on small scales, redshift-space distortions should affect red galaxies more strongly than blue.


The ability of consumer judges to identify sustainable messages in environmental advertising and the effect of these messages is explored. A content analysis provides insight into these judges' perceptions of the depth of environmental advertising messages. An experiment investigates the influence of sustainable messages and includes collection of cognitive response data to evaluate the cognitive dimension of sustainability messages. Content analysis results suggest that sustainability messages may influence how environmental advertisements are perceived. These findings are supported by the cognitive response data, which shows cognitive differences across advertisements, and the experimental manipulation that suggests sustainable ads may be more involving to consumers.


ABSTRACT With the increasing prevalence of solar photovoltaics in the renewable energy mix, the need for device-level assessment has greatly increased. This is challenging in rural, off-grid areas with limited access to advanced testing facilities for performance evaluation and enhancement. This paper presents a cost-effective design of a solar simulator based on a 1000 W metal halide lamp coupled with a truncated ellipsoidal reflector optimized through parametric iterations. The complex geometry is reduced to a three-parameter model. An optimal design is attained using this model. The reflector is fabricated and tested using spectrometry and pyranometry. Stabilization time for the device after the start-up was measured at intervals of 10 seconds to be ~ 4 minutes. The average intensity in the focal plane is 2220–3117 W/m2 for a photovoltaic cell having a square size of 2 × 2 cm2. Hence, the ray-tracing model used for this study is conservative in predicting light intensity for an elliptical concentrator. Similarly, spectral analysis shows a strong similarity of 88.7% between natural sunlight and artificial light of the solar simulator thereby advocating the capability of the simulator to demonstrate the effect of temperature on the power output of photovoltaic cells. Overall, the total hardware and fabrication cost amounts to less than $500 for a single lamp.


AbstractObjective. To explore the methods of improving the medical record archiving management so as to effectively solve the problem of difficult medical record archiving and further guarantee timely reuse of medical records. Methods. Hospital questionnaires are performed according to clinical and objective reasons causing overdue in medical record archiving, and outstanding problems are found out using a root cause analysis (RCA) method and intervened. Result. The intervened effects are tracked. The results show that the three-day archiving rate of medical records rises 1.26% under conditions and that the year-on-year medical record recycling amount in the next year increases to 1,979 copies. Conclusion. The way of thinking is changed using a RCA quality management mode, in-depth analysis is performed, and the fundamental constraint factors are found, which are the effective means of solving the problem of difficult timely archiving of medical records in medical record management.


Through discussing the applying principles, the characteristics kf the skills kf controlling and running with the ball, this paper points out the coaches should pay attention to the skills in the football training of youngsters.


At college, arjun mishra had the room across from Ana's. Then a devout boy with a liking for overalls, he had possessed an unfailing sense of what was 'fishy' or 'fancy', these being the words he used to express his disapproval. At their university, which catered to foreigners in Tokyo, they were both scholarship students among wealthier peers. Yet three years after graduation, when she telephoned her old friend, he was living the high life in ritzy Azabu. He worked in IT for a large Japanese bank and rented an apartment whose rent, he was proud to say, was more than Priya Vajpayee's whole monthly pay-packet (Priya having been, at college, the student marked out for success)...


A complete diallel analysis of seven yellow -- seeded rapeseed line8 which come from different
sources by using mixed line model was carried out. Analysis of genetic correlation indicated that it was mainly con-
trolled by dominance correlation between number of pods of main raceme and number of pods per plant, which ex-
pressed in the generation of F_1, there was not genetic correlation between number of pods per plant and 1000 -- seed
weight, 1000 -- seed weight and yield per plant. While yield per plant had significant genetic correlation with num-
ber of seeds per pod, number of primary branches, number of pods per plant, length of pod, plant height, cellu-
lose content and yellow degree, which could not make indirect selection to improve the yield per plant.


The present study determined the normal reference ranges for overall pelvic limb alignment of small-breed dogs. For this purpose, 60 cadaveric canine pelvic limbs from normal small-breed dogs (Maltese, Poodle, Shih Tzu, Yorkshire Terrier). A frontal full-limb radiograph of each pelvic limb was obtained, and mechanical tibiofemoral angle (mTFA), mechanical metatarsotibial angle (mMTTA), mechanical axis-femur angle (MAFA), and mechanical axismetatarsus angle (MAMTA) were measured from each radiograph, along with mechanical deviation of the stifle (SMAD) and tarsal joints (TMAD). The 95% CI for radiographic values of all pelvic limbs were mTFA, 5.7-7.4; mMTTA, −2.2 - −0.8°; MAFA, 3.5-4.5°; MAMTA, 1.0-2.0; SMAD, 2.1-2.7%; TMAD, 0.5-1.0%. There values varied among the breeds, except for mTFA. The reference ranges can be used for diagnosing pelvic limb deformities in small-breed dogs and for planning corrective osteotomies.


Abstract This study examines the influence of self-efficacy and socio-demographic factors on the entrepreneurial intentions of selected Youth Corp members. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey design and a sample size of 300 National Youth Service Corp members were randomly selected in the five divisions of Lagos State with ages ranging from 18 to 30. Three hypotheses were tested using multiple regression and t-tests. The results show that there is a significant joint influence of sex, age, ethnicity and self-efficacy on entrepreneurial intentions (r2 = 0.90; P <.01]; male participants are more susceptible to entrepreneurial intentions than their female counterparts [t = 26.46, P <.01] and that Youth Corp members with a high self-efficacy rate significantly higher on entrepreneurial intentions (t = 25.09, P <.01]. Based on these findings, the study recommended that a self-efficacy programme should be included in the school curriculum so as to enhance entrepreneurial intentions among fresh graduates and, by so doing, reducing the high rate of unemployment in society. It was also recommended that future studies should use a larger sample and explore experimental methods so as to see if a causal relationship can be established among variables.


Crevice corrosion of high-strength low-alloy D6AC and Type 316 stainless steel was surveyed using artificial crevice assemblies. A critical potential, referred to as the "crevice protection potential" was found, above which crevice corrosion occurs and below which it does not. The corrosion condition in the crevice is related importantly to the mechanism of cracking, that is, stress-corrosion cracking or hydrogen embrittlement.


Abstract : A study was made to determine the feasibility of collecting information on the construction of underground works, especially those of the last twenty years. The gathering and quantitizing of this type of information was performed for the Oregon and Washington areas as a pilot project. During the first phase, data was collected about the geology, design, construction and performance of existing underground rock excavations and was tabulated in a data bank. To date, all information contained in the 'general data' forms for 256 projects have been entered into the computer. The second phase of the study involved the evaluation of data available with special reference to those items of design and construction affecting supports. An attempt was made to obtain an overview of each project and see how the separate phases of exploration, design, construction and inspection blended in order to form a finished project.


the first one, the last spine situated before the middle portion of the lateral margin of the carapace; the outer orbital angle with a small spine, beside it there is a large spine at the anterior tip of the lateral margin of carapace; there are one small tooth anteriorly and one rudimentary tooth posteriorly between the anterior tip and the first spine of the three prominent spines of the lateral margin. The rostrum is large, triangular and acute, with one rudimentary tooth on the lateral margin near the tip, the upper, surface hollowed out from side to side. On the middle of the pterigostomial region there is a somewhat irregular longitudinal row of ten spinules, and five more minute spinules occur on the middle upper part of this region. Anterior margin of the thoracic sternum


Background: Heat stress as a harmful physical agent in workplace, if is not properly controlled, can cause undesirable effects on the performance and health of personnel. This study aimed to evaluate the heat stress and efficacy of engineering interventions on WBGT index in work station of the workers in a forging industry. Methods: This experimental study evaluated WBGT index in one of the forging industries of Tehran in summer 2010. In order to control the radiant temperature, as the most effective factor on WBGT, fireproof flexible fabric was used as shield to reflect and insulate radiant heat. Efficacy of the intervention was evaluated by comparison of WBGT index before and after the intervention, using Statistical paired t-test and SPSS software version 14. Results: Average value of WBGT index in all 12 workstations before the intervention was estimated to be 21.31 ̊C which was higher than the standard limit. This value reached to 45.26 ̊C after intervention. Radiant temperature was identified as the most important factor which should be controlled. Data analysis indicated that difference in radiant heat at the height of head, and ankles was statistically significant before and after intervention (P≤0.05). However it was not statistically significant at the height of waistline (P≥0.05). Conclusion: Results of the study showed that using flexible fabric shields is a good way to control the radiant temperature and thermal stress. These shields are inexpensive and easily installed, and don't block front sight of the operator. These shields are easily shaped to fit the workspace and due to the lack of sharp edges they are safety approved. Hence it seems that these heat shields are able to be widely used in order to control the radiant heat in the forging industry.


To evaluate effect of bio fertilizers on growth, productivity and element uptake of fenugreek, a pot experiment was arranged based on completely randomized design with four replications at Research Greenhouse of College of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Iran. Treatments comprised of different kinds of bio fertilizers (Azetobacter chrococum (A), Bacillus subtilis (B), Rhizobium meliloti (R), Pseudomonas fluorescence (S), their double (AB), (AR), (AS), (BR), (BS), (RS), triple (ABR), (ABS), (ARS) (BRS), and quaternary combinations (ABRS) along with Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (from Glomus sp. genus) (M) and Control (C). Results indicated that application of bio- fertilizers (single and integrated) significantly improved vegetative and generative growth as well as nutrient uptake in fenugreek. Application of the integrated fertilizer treatment of AS (Azetobacter chrococum +Pseudomonas fluorescence) had the best positive effect on fenugreek growth characteristics compared to the other treatments and control.


An efficient procedure for third-order electron propagator calculations of ionization energies and electron affinities is reported. Diagonal self-energy expressions that are suitable for large molecules are empolyed. The outer-valence Green's function method also is implemented. An integral transformation program for direct and semidirect algorithms is modified to store only nonzero integrals according to Abelian point group symmetry. Contributions to self-energy matrix elements that depend on electron repulsion integrals with four virtual orbital indices are computed in a direct way. Intermediate batches of integrals are created by sort procedures while avoiding storage of transformed integrals in the main memory. This method permits calculation of electron binding energies for C with a 231 atomic orbital basis and for Zn(C5H5)2 with a 220 atomic orbital basis on an IBM RISC/6000 Model 550. During these calculations, the CPU is engaged approximately 90% of the time. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


Intentional islanding is a condition in which a distributed generation source continues to supply power to the local loads during a catastrophic utility failure. With a properly coordinated and sophisticated control scheme, islanding can be a possible solution, to ensure reliable power to the critical loads. This paper analyzes a control scheme for intentional islanding operation of an inverter based DG system. In grid connected mode, the interface control is designed to provide constant active and reactive power to the load. When grid is disconnected, an islanding detection algorithm will transfer the inverter into voltage control mode. The mismatch between load and generation is removed by implementing a load shedding algorithm. This paper also investigates the performance and the Non Detection Zones of the islanding detection scheme with different interface controllers.


. (1) The dramatisation and visualisation of climate change for and by young people. (2) The need for culturally responsive frameworks for climate change education. (3) Alternative pedagogical approaches that bring climate activism and


Grain-size distributions of commercially pure aluminum, copper and 6·4 brass are approximated well with a log-normal distribution function, and it is shown that the median and the standard-deviation of distributions increase the strain-hardening exponent of sheet specimens of copper and 6·4 brass under tension. Both the simple equal-strain and equal-stress models of a composite flow curve are introduced, which are based on the flow stress rule of nth-power curve relation, connecting with the distribution function whose upper grain-size is bounded with 3·5 times the mean-grain diameter. The equal-strain model gives the lower flow stress limit, and the equal-stress model yields the upper one, and the experimental flow stress appears in between or closely around these two neighboring limits. Both models prove analytically that the median and the standard-deviation of distributions increase the strain-hardening exponent of a sheet metal under tension. The former model predicts the upper bound of the strain-hardening exponent and the latter one predicts the lower one, and experimental data on 6·4 brass are shown to appear in between them.


Magnetic circular dichroism in angle-resolved, core-level photoemission from surfaces is reinterpreted by comparing it to circular dichroism in angular distributions of photoelectrons in nonmagnetic systems. The analogy highly recommends the use of the terminology magnetic circular dichroism in angular distributions of photoelectrons for the former effect, since it emphasizes both the role of the photoelectron wave vector k, and the use of an experimentally induced chirality. Two phenomena are predicted in experimental geometries that do not have spatial mirror symmetry: first, the dichroism that results from reversal of the light helicity is not equivalent to what results from reversal of the sample magnetization; second, a linear dichroism exists upon reversal of the sample magnetization


bones are usually much more abundant than human remains. The Romanian site studied by Balasse et al. dates to c. 5000 cal bc, while the work of Tafuri et al. focuses on the celebrated ditched villages in the Tavoliere region of Italy in the late sixth millennium bc. In both cases, stable isotope results argue for diversity in herding strategies rather than a one-size-fits-all model. The Neolithic was not a peaceful time. Schulting and Fibiger document that 8–15 per cent of the Neolithic population in Scandinavia and the British Isles suffered a blow to the head at some point in their lives, and in about half of these cases, the blow was lethal. Neolithic life was also dangerous in the LBK area. Meyer et al. analyse what they call 'deviant treatment of the deceased' in the form of mass graves with multiple articulated skeletons and of enclosures with body parts strewn about. 'Mass fatality events' were more common than once thought, while ritual activities involving the manipulation of disarticulated human remains add yet more diversity to LBK mortuary ritual. Animal bones and carbonized seeds provide a macroscopic picture of the prehistoric economy, but relatively little insight as to how plants and animals actually made their way into peoples' stomachs. Over the last 15 years, biomolecular techniques have permitted 'economy' to be complemented by 'diet' and even 'cuisine'. Saul, Glykou and Craig provide an overview of the potential for such analyses and present a case study of lipid residues from two sites at the transition from foraging to farming in the western Baltic zone c. 4000 cal bc that illuminates use of both terrestrial and marine resources. Analysis of lipid residues by Smyth and Evershed in sherds from 15 Neolithic sites in Ireland shows high levels of bovine milk fats at enclosures and house sites, expanding further the proposition that milk was central rather than peripheral to Neolithic life. Several chapters synthesize multiple strands of evidence to construct models of Neolithic lifeways at various scales. Using data from figurines, plastered skulls, burials and stable isotopes, Pearson and Meskell reconstruct identities and life choices of indivduals at Çatalhöyük in their social and physical realms. Matthews et al. summarize a complex research project in the Zagros range that studies the micromorphology of occupation surfaces and phytoliths, dung, coprolites and charred plant remains found in thin-sections to understand plant use, household activities, fuel use and animal management. Hachem and Hamon weave together data on house forms, faunal samples and ground stone tools from sites in the Aisne valley of France, particularly Cuiry-lès-Chaudardes, to develop a model of LBK household organization. Bogaard situates stable isotope data on crops from multiple sites across Europe within a larger discussion of weed ecology and palaeodiet to document the intensive and sustained cultivation of arable plots in the Neolithic taskscape. Lest we get carried away by the celebration of innovative scientific techniques in transforming the archaeology of early farming societies, several final chapters remind us of archaeology's particular strengths in the identification and interpretation of patterns of evidence. Chapman applies comparative methods to examine the prehistoric practice of 'science', specifically the understanding of scientific causation, in the Balkan Mesolithic, Neolithic and Copper Age. One of the great challenges posed by recent scientific advances is that their results are often orthogonal to archaeological interpretations. While one might try to make the square science fit a round archaeological hole, or vice versa, a better approach, in the view of Sheridan and Pétrequin, is to ask the right questions at the start and then integrate archaeology and what they call 'hard science' to address the problem. They illustrate such an approach with the study of the distribution of jadeite axes in western Europe during the fifth millennium bc. Finally, Halstead sums up the volume with an appreciation of the contributions of science, but points out that, in many cases, they start from unsubstantiated archaeological assumptions, or provide such indirect evidence of human behaviour that they are open to multiple interpretations. Although a keen advocate of the liberation of information from archaeological materials through novel and innovative analytical techniques, I share a concern that archaeology as a comparative, systematic, theorizing discipline will become dominated by headlines of spectacular scientific breakthroughs published in high-impact journals like Nature and PNAS, which have publicity machines that complement institutional press offices to sensationalize new discoveries. At the same time, however, new approaches as highlighted in Early Farmers have melted the frozen conflicts to which I alluded earlier and introduced a fresh spirit of shared purpose and collegiality into Neolithic archaeology. It is a wonderful time to be studying the problems of the transition to agriculture and its consequences!


In this article the dynamic behavior of clamped-clamped micromachined mechanical resonators working at a frequency of 150kHz was characterized by electrostatic excitation and detection via both capacitive coupling and optical methods. The experimental results by optical measurement show that this system behaved very much like a simple harmonic oscillator at low actuation levels while significant nonlinearity was observed at higher actuation levels. The nonlinearity identified as "spring softening" type occurred when the product of the dc bias voltage and the ac driving voltage exceeded 0.04V2. Dependence of resonance frequency on dc bias voltage was investigated and the experimental results are in agreement with theoretical predictions. This work also demonstrated that optical detection is much less susceptible to parasitic interference than motion detection via capacitive coupling. Therefore, optical techniques will yield better characterization of the mechanical properties of the resonators.


Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus is an endemic cattle pest in tropical and subtropical regions of the world, causing major economic losses to cattle producers. Chemical acaricides have played a pivotal role in the control of R. (B.) microplus; however, as a consequence of extensive use of acaricides, this tick specie has developed resistance to all major classes of acaricides worldwide. Resistant to organophosphates, synthetic pyrethroids and amitraz has been reported mainly in Australia and Latinoamerica. The acaricide resistance in ticks is conferred primarily by two major physiological mechanisms: target site insensitivity and metabolic detoxification. Alone and or in combination these mechanisms confer resistance to all of the available classes of acaricides. In the present review we present the current status of R. (B.) microplus resistant to acaricides worldwide (with emphasis in Mexico) and the most important mechanisms involved in this phenomenon.


Virtual channels are employed to improve the throughput under high traffic loads in Networks-on-Chips (NoCs). However, they can impose non-negligible overheads on performance by prolonging clock cycle time, especially under low traffic loads where the impact of virtual channels on performance is trivial. In this article, we propose a novel architecture, called BARAN, that can either improve on-chip network performance or reduce its power consumption (depending on the specific implementation chosen), not both at the same time, when virtual channels are underutilized; that is, the average number of virtual channel allocation requests per cycle is lower than the number of total virtual channels. We also introduce a reconfigurable arbitration logic within the BARAN architecture that can be configured to have multiple latencies and, hence, multiple slack times. The increased slack times are then used to reduce the supply voltage of the routers or increase their clock frequency in order to reduce power consumption or improve the performance of the whole NoC system. The power-centric design of BARAN reduces NoC power consumption by 43.4% and 40.6% under CMP and GPU workloads, on average, respectively, compared to a baseline architecture while imposing negligible area and performance overheads. The performance-centric design of BARAN reduces the average packet latency by 45.4% and 42.1%, on average, under CMP and GPU workloads, respectively, compared to the baseline architecture while increasing power consumption by 39.7% and 43.7%, on average. Moreover, the performance-centric BARAN postpones the network saturation rate by 11.5% under uniform random traffic compared to the baseline architecture.


AbstractBecause cellulose nitrate slowly degrades under normal room conditions, some important works of art made out of this early polymeric material have been and are being lost. Since decomposition is magnified by elevated temperatures, relative humidities and exposures to ultraviolet (UV) light, it is important to define the effects these conditions have on the degradation rate of cellulose nitrate. This paper presents preliminary results of an evaluation of comparative effects of temperature (50, 25, 15°C), relative humidity (81, 53, 11% RH), oxygen (20.9, 0.1%) and UV light on the condition of cellulose nitrate samples. The changes III elemental composition of new and 80-year-old cellulose mtrate are monitored by the measurement of their carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen content using organic elemental analysis. The effects of the controlled conditions on cellulose nitrate are shown in relation to the initial composition of the samples. After 75 days exposure to the relatively mild conditions, only small...


by the microphone. The differences are higher at the frequency extremes. It is the free field chamber is not truly anechoic at 500 Hz and therefore the large differences shown here be due to reflections of the acoustic wave. At high frequencies the SPLs required are high and the ACFs have a shorter length meaning fewer photons are captured so the influence of measurement noise is higher. The uncertainty in the microphone measurement is also higher at high frequency since the free field correction is larger and inaccuracies in the microphone placement will be more significant. It is unclear at this stage whether method A or B is better since any systematic difference is lost within the measurement uncertainties.


This study attempts to find out a systematic and operational method to control urban development density given infrastructure capacities. It first identifies functional relationships between road. subway, water supply, and sewerage capacities and development densities. Simulations are then carried out under various scenarios for the central areas in Seoul. Simulation results show that the central areas are underdeveloped compared to the infrastructure capacities. while the current level of density regulations needs to be tightened in order to prevent excess development that causes infrastructure shortage. Cumulative effects of development activities are also estimated. suggesting that the average density should decrease as the size of development area increases. Meanwhile sensitivity analysis demonstrates that. if automobile travel demand is substituted by subway. urban development density can increase without additional investment on roads.


OBJECTIVE
To study the diagnosis and treatment of persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia of infancy.

METHODS
The clinical data of 12 infants with persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia were retrospectively reviewed.

RESULTS
Convulsion, cyanosis, lethargy, refusing milk sucking, irritability and sweating were common symptoms. The laboratory findings displayed persistent hypoglycemia and hyperinsulinism in all of the 12 infants. The glucagon test showed positive and no urine ketones were detected in all of the 12 infants. Seven infants were treated with oral diazoxide (5-15 mg/kg daily) and 4 infants showed effective to the therapy. One patient was given subtotal pancreatectomy and the blood glucose level was restored to normal after operation. Of the 12 infants, 6 presented psychomotor retardation in a follow-up of 2 months to 67 months, 3 had loss to follow-up and 3 were still in a follow-up.

CONCLUSIONS
The measurement of blood glucose, blood insulin and urinary ketons is helpful in the diagnosis of persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia of infancy. Diazoxide therapy is effective in some of patients.


"These figures point to a worrying trend in the UK's attitudes towards savings. This year our seventh survey of over 5,000 adults' saving habits found that there are currently 15 million people in the UK not making any effort to save for the future, and 8 million people with no savings whatsoever***. A third of people claim they have had to cut back on saving due to rising costs, and a quarter of people are using their savings to support family members, often with essential day-to-day living costs. To make things worse, in this atmosphere of financial uncertainty, one in five people are also seriously concerned about their job security, painting a bleak picture of the nation's ability to cope with financial shocks that could hit now or in the future. Over half (56%) of working adults that we surveyed said that if they were to lose their main income they would only be financially secure in the short term or, in the worst cases, not at all****.


Designs and develops a laboratory data management system based on J2EE platform.And discusses in detail the key technologies,such as efficient buffer and system security mechanism.


The design process for electromechanical devices is discussed and the roles played by the knowledge of the designer, experimental devices and physics based models in achieving an effective solution examined. The representation of the knowledge components in a computer based implementation of the process is considered and appropriate implementations are presented. The resulting system functions as an intelligent advisor guiding and monitoring the design process.


The best ebooks about The Pharmacology Of Inflammation that you can get for free here by download this The Pharmacology Of Inflammation and save to your desktop. This ebooks is under topic such as advanced pharmacology drugs for inflammation 1 pharmacology review of the inflammatory process biochemical pharmacology elsevier perspectives in pharmacology inflammation and drug pain pharmacology and analgesia for health science students carter center non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs clinical pharmacology of opioids for pain pharmacology of airway inflammation in asthma pharmacology of inflammation and immunosuppression acute and chronic inflammation hopkins medicine pharmacology in rehabilitation: nonsteroidal anti pharmacological analysis of cyclooxygenase-1 in inflammation inflammation and diseases: impact on therapy and pharmacology anti-inflammatory activity of calcium channel blockers an introduction to pharmacology advanced pharmacology respiratory pharmacology epub download the clinical pharmacology of anti regulation and pharmacology of granulomatous inflammation european journal of pharmacology elsevier mediators inflammation on molecular pharmacology therapeutics pharmacology and pathophysiology of inflammation the pharmacology of inflammation handbook of inflammation pharmacology multiple choice question bank pharmacology of pain management module three pharmacology, medical and pharmacy abbreviations resolution pharmacology: opportunities for therapeutic pharmacology and signaling of prostaglandin receptors anti-inflammatory agents for cancer therapy pharmacology for nursing care pharmacology/toxicology review and evaluation turmeric: a spice with multifunctional medicinal properties mesalamine for inflammatory bowel disease pathophysiology and pharmacology pearson arvo 2015 annual meeting abstracts 147 c0002 8:30 am–10:15 am


The first 'special statutes' on tenancy were introduced after World War I (1921), and this process of lawmaking continued until 1978 (that is the date of the first complete tenancy law statute). Although named 'statutes', these laws included merely exceptional and temporary provisions. They were founded on the rationale of distributive justice, and presupposed a failure of the free market to provide for sufficient housing provision. An economic crisis and a shortage in the housing stock as a direct result of the two world wars provoked high demand. Landlord's imposing consistently high rent further exacerbated this bleak situation. As a result, State interventionism in the market became essential.


Study has been initiated of the deposition of thin films using cluster ions in differing abundances generated in a pulsed inductively coupled plasma. A pulse unit controlling the "on" and "off" timing ratio of a 13.56 MHz rf power supply is used to alter systematically the composition of the contents of the plasma. Adamantane (C10H16) vapor, in argon or nitrogen, was selected as precursor for the deposition of CxHy or CxNyHz thin films using this pulsed source. The effect of varying the relative abundances of the cluster ions present in the resultant plasmas on the films produced, by changing driving power on/off ratio, is investigated. The mass-energy diagnostic data recorded under 50/150 and 150/50 μs on/off pulse sequences showed that fragmentation of C10H16 is a function of the switching ratio selected, i.e., clusters of different sizes and abundances are thus produced. Langmuir probe data also suggest that the electrical characteristics of the plasma generated under these regimes can be monitored. Po...


The article aims at the creation of the Romanian artist Nicolae Grigorescu, which through his work has made a considerable contribution to the national painting. His creation introduced in Romanian painting a new conception, vision and plastic language, the artist being considered as a pioneer of modern art. Nicolae Grigorescu, through his "peasant" painting, has highlighted the Romanian spirituality (man, nature, the joy of life), and highlighted the beauty of his native plateau.


It is generally believed that the major effects of viscosity are associated with vorticity. This belief is not always well founded; major effects of viscosity cachap14-sep11-nocup.n be obtained from purely irrotational analysis of flows of viscous fluids. Here we illustrate this point by a comparing irrotational solutions with Lamb's 1932 exact solution of the problem of the decay of free gravity waves. Excellent agreements, even in fluids 10 more viscous than water, are achieved for the decay rates n(k) for all wave numbers k excluding a small interval around a critical value kc where progressive waves change to monotonic decay.


C linicians evaluate edentulous and partially edentulous patients with atrophic ridges everyday in their practices. They are faced with the dilemma of how to provide treatment plans with longterm predictable solutions that meet patient expectations. Very small diameter implants or mini dental implants (MDI) are a treatment alternative due to their reduced size. MDI does not require bone augmentation procedures, which are technique sensitive, time consuming, and vary in predictable results. The option of utilizing MDI provides a minimally invasive, safe, and costeffective approach for restoring the patient with deficient bone volume. MDI usage has been FDA approved for longterm use in removable overdentures, partial dentures, as well as fixed multi-unit bridges. Their inception into the field of oral implantology was as transitional devices to retain a removable or fixed prosthesis while conventional implants (greater than 3.5mm in diameter) osseointegrated. Several studies have supported utilization of very small diameter implants as temporary implants to retain fixed multi-unit bridges. The idea that very small diameter implants could osseointegrate and be used long term was conceived when retrieval was difficult or impossible without separation of the implant. Subsequent research supported that the biological phenomenon of osseointegration occurred on the surface of very small diameter implants. Recent research has demonstrated that mini dental implants can be utilized successfully to retain fixed multi-unit partial dentures. The use of MDI is categorized as a single-stage implant in that they are placed in a nonsubmerged manner. The 1-piece design consists of 3 parts: a bone anchoring, gingival transversing, and prosthetic abutment. Although controversial, the lack of a microgap may reduce the amount of crestal bone resorption as seen in conventional 2-piece submergible implants. The gingival transferring component within the implant design should penetrate through a zone of keratinized gingiva. The presence of keratinized gingiva surrounding the MDI serves as a barrier to pathogenic bacteria. The prosthetic aspect of the implant has a predefined shoulder, eliminating the need to prepare the abutment prior to the restorative stage. The final prosthesis is ideal in maintaining good hygiene due to the prescribed shoulder margin, which can be located supragingivally or at the gingival level. Due to the reduced size of the implant, the MDI is manufactured from titanium alloy. Furthermore, the single-stage procedure demonstrates more patient comfort with shorter healing times.


Despite their important advantages in terms of fuel consumption in comparison with gasoline engines, for a long time the characteristic impulsive combustion noise has been one of the main causes why customers are reluctant to buy cars equipped with Diesel engines. This is the main reason for the efforts devoted by car manufacturers to mitigate Diesel engine noise while improving performance and driveability. In spite of all technical improvements, vehicles equipped with High Speed Direct Injection (HSDI) engines still offer a comfort level inferior to gasoline engine vehicles. Noise represents one of the most important aspects in the definition of comfort, and especially combustion noise plays an essential role in the acoustic of a vehicle as, in the case of DI engines, it represents one of the most important noise sources. Thus, the great potential of diesel engines for environment preservation -- due to their lower CO2 emissions -- could be missed. This situation worsens with the current design trends (engine downsizing) and the emerging new diesel combustion concepts (Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition-HCCI, Premixed Charge Compression Ignition-PCCI, etc.) conceived to further reduce NOx and particulate matter to comply with forthcoming legislation, which are intrinsically noisy. Therefore, combustion noise must be considered as an additional essential factor in engine development, together with performance, emissions and driveability. Thus, suitable evaluation procedures that can be integrated into the global engine development process in a timely and cost-effective manner are imperative, both for noise level and sound quality. In this thesis, a procedure, based on the consideration of suitable indicators extracted from in-cylinder pressure, is proposed and validated. Such indicators are obtained from an innovative procedure to decompose in-cylinder pressure signal, so that features associated with combustion and with resonance excitation may be properly identified.


This chapter discusses the kinds of sources that jazz scholars have used when interrogating the creative process. It examines the uses of recordings and notational sources, and considers the different forms and functions they take and the possibilities they offer. It suggests that understandings of the creative process in jazz can be limited if a traditional end-directed philological model is employed. Instead, it explores the implications of thinking about the creative process in terms of mediation and distributed creativity, drawing particularly on the work of Georgina Born and Tim Ingold. An extended case study examines "In a Silent Way," composed by Joe Zawinul, as an example that brings these different issues to the forefront.


347 Background: Inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is an established therapeutic modality for multiple malignancies including renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Agents that target mTOR have been sporadically associated with an increased risk of potentially life-threatening adverse events. We performed an up-to-date meta-analysis to determine the risk of fatal adverse events (FAEs) in cancer patients treated with mTOR inhibitors, including RCC.

METHODS
MEDLINE/PubMed, conferences and clinicaltrials.gov databases were searched for articles reported from January 1966 to June 2012. Eligible studies were limited to trials of US Food and Drug Administration-approved mTOR inhibitors (everolimus and temsirolimus) that reported on patients with cancer, randomized design, and adequate safety profiles. Data extraction was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. Statistical analyses were conducted to calculate the summary incidence, relative risk (RR), and 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs) by using random-effects or fixed-effects models on the basis of the heterogeneity of included studies.

RESULTS
In all 2,990 patients from 8 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included, 2033 from everolimus trials and 957 from temsirolimus trials. The incidence of FAEs related to mTOR inhibitors use was 3.4% (95% CI, 1.9-6.0) with a RR of 2.33 (95% CI, 1.32 to 4.10; P = .003) compared to control patients. On subgroup analysis, no difference in the rate of FAEs was found between everolimus and temsirolimus or between tumor types (RCC vs. non-RCC). No evidence of publication bias was observed.

CONCLUSIONS
The use of mTOR inhibitors is associated with an increased risk of FAEs in RCC and non-RCC patients, compared with control patients.


Rinsing element synthetic detergent, which contains a) at least one synthetic surfactant as component wash active, b) components which form a homogeneous molten wax with a melting point of 50 to 60, and c) at least one inhibitor crystallization as inulin or other polysaccharide containing D-fructose which inhibits crystallisation of the components which form homogeneous melt wax.


The invention relates to the technical field of discharge tubes, in particular to a multi-gap metal ceramic gas discharge tube with external contact terminals, which comprises a ceramic locating nail, a metalized ceramic insulator, a discharge gap electrode separator, a discharge gap transitional connection separator, a screw electrode and terminals; the two ends of at least two layers of ring metalized ceramic insulators are connected with the screw electrode so as to form multi-gap space sealed with inert gas; the ring metalized ceramic insulators are integrally formed with a ring flange; the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the ring flange support two electrode separators with the discharge gap; the electrode separators with the discharge gap are provided with ceramic locating nail holes and discharge extending holes; the discharge gap transitional connection separator is arranged between the two metalized ceramic insulators and opened with the discharge extending holes; and after terminal overvoltage is integrally formed on the discharge gap transitional connection separator, the discharge tube is extinguished automatically, thus achieving the result of no after-flow.


Yahuza al-Iskhiriyuti is a name used by Islam in reference to individuals who are not alien to Christianity and have been noted in the books of Bible. Judas Iscariot and Yahuza al-Iskhiriyuti are two names referring to an individual regarded as a traitor by the Christians following his handing over of Jesus Christ to the Jews to be killed and crucified. In Islam, the event of the killing and crucifixion of Isa a.s. as claimed by Christian also narrated by Allah SWT in the Quran. However, Islam has the view that the person murdered and crucified was not Isa a.s., but another person whom Allah SWT created to resemble him. It is just that the identity of the murdered man is only vaguely mentioned by Allah SWT in the Quran. Nonetheless, if we refer to the opinions of the experts, there are several names which can be associated with this particular individual. Therefore, this writing aims at revealing who this figure actually is, from the perspective of the mufassirin also the role he plays in the killing and crucifixion of Jesus Christ.


In this talk I will begin by reviewing our current state of knowledge regarding the origin and evolution of dust in the local solar neighborhood. using chemical evolution models, I will discuss their many different input parameters and their uncertainties. An important consequence of these models is the delayed injection of dust from AGB stars, compared to supernova-condensed dust, into the interstellar medium. I will show that these stellar evolutionary effects on dust composition are manifested in the infrared spectra of local galaxies. The delayed production of dust in AGB stars has also important consequences for the origin of the large amount of dust detected in high-redshift galaxies, when the universe was less that approx. 1 Gyr old. Supernovae may have been the only viable dust sources in those galaxies. Recent observations of sN1987a show a significant mass of dust in the ejecta of this SN. Is that production rate high enough to account for the observed dust mass in these galaxies? If not, what are the alternative viable sources of dust, and how do they depend on the nature of the galaxy (starburst or AGN) and its star formation history .


Introduction: The Health & Social Care Act (2012) has begun a major restructuring programme in health and social care in England. To maintain a place in this rapidly changing environment, occupational therapy (OT) graduates will need to be fully prepared with an appropriate range and level of skills at university (Department of Health 2012). Future proofing the profession was a recurring theme at the College of Occupational Therapists (COT) Conference in 2015. Key skills which were identified include leadership, management, articulating the value of OT, marketing, business, and networking (Jackson 2015, Rastrick 2015, Nwosu 2015). This raises the question of whether we are providing the most appropriate educational experience at university to prepare graduates for practice and what additional skills and knowledge are required.
Methods: A small qualitative study was conducted with
occupational therapists, service managers, and experts in the field to explore the challenges faced by the profession, what additional skills may be required, and what strategies could be employed at university and in practice to support our graduates.
The key issues for discussion were:
• What challenges face occupational therapists in practice?
• What strategies and skills do occupational therapists need to
develop to future proof the profession?
• What can universities do to prepare their graduates for
practice?
Conclusion: Occupational therapy graduates will require
additional skills to prepare them for their future role in health and social care. These include business and management skills, leadership, communication and interpersonal skills, assertiveness, and research skills. Universities need to adopt a teaching and learning strategy which will not only prepare the students for practice, but also for business. This should be supported on practice placements.


It is very common to use beam models in the structure design or in resonance techniques in order to determine the mechanical properties of materials. This work aims to study the influence of a pre-stressed state on the different regimes of wave propagation in a nonlinear shearable beam. A three dimensional beam model undergoing finite deformation is developed using Cosserat continuum mechanics. In particular, an objective strain measure is used to describe both shear in the rod section and the stretching along the longitudinal direction and the consistent derivation of constitutive law from the three-dimensional finite elasticity theory is emphasized. Non-dimensional equilibrium equations are obtained using the radius of gyration. The Hessian of the Hamiltonian action is calculated with the help of the director formalism allowing the study of vibrations around a pre-stressed configuration. Then we analyse waves which are superimposed on a finite pre-stretched state. The complete spectrum, including propagating and evanescent traction/compression, shear and bending modes, of a pre- stretched shearable beam is calculated through dispersion pattern. Spectrum strongly depends on initial pre-stress value. A significant qualitative and quantitative difference with the classical Timoshenko beam theory is pointed out. In particular, the existence of hyperbolic modes is strongly dependent on the initial pre-stress. Finally, we are interested in the influence of the shearability hypothesis on the dynamical response of beam in fluid-structure interaction. A modal analysis of the coupled problem is proposed and a comparison with the Euler-Bernoulli theory is conducted.


This article analyses the former residence of Xu Xiake (徐霞客; 1587–1641) in Jiangyin (江阴) from the theoretical framework of literary tourism. It looks at the instrumental use of his literary fame for the city branding of Jiangyin and for the economic development of the entire area. It also delves into the strategies used by the local government to exploit the site for cultural, economic and political purposes. It argues that Xu Xiake's former residence is a literary attraction themed around filial piety and patriotism that has contributed to the construction and promotion of Jiangyin's local identity, and that it is an example of politicized heritage used by the contemporary Chinese administration to revive Confucianism, rebuild moral standards and reinforce Chinese national identity.


In order to satisfy the increasing computational demands of micromechanics, the Finite-Volume Direct Averaging Micromechanics (FVDAM) theory is developed in three-dimensional (3D) domain to simulat...


This paper presents a novel fabrication method for three-dimensional (3D) ceramic point defect photonic crystals. The 3D defect photonic crystal, which possesses an air cavity, has been designed by cutting a rectangular shape (3.5 mm × 3.5 mm × 7 mm) in the centre of a photonic crystal with a diamond lattice structure model (50 mm × 30 mm × 20 mm) with a lattice constant of 7 mm. Stereolithography (SL) technology was applied to fabricate resin moulds with an inverse-diamond structure incorporating the defect, and high solid content aqueous ceramic slurry was prepared and injected into the moulds. After gel-casting, drying, and high-temperature sintering, ceramic 3D photonic crystals with intact structure and minimal shrinkage were obtained. The penetration of an electric field with resonant modes of about 3 mm into the host lattice was observed by measuring the <110> direction of the samples, which resulted from the rectangular air cavity resonator. The results show that this method can be used to fabricate ceramic 3D point defect photonic crystals with a complex 3D structure.


Building and pond emission rates, measured as part of a project funded by the Pig Research and Development Corporation (PRDC), are combined to give high and low estimates of the total odour emissions from typical piggeries. These are used in the Gaussian dispersion model AUSPLUME to predict 99.5 percentile contours of odour concentration, that is, the odour concentrations that would be equalled or exceeded 0.5 % of the time. The paper shows that the range of emission rates possible for a piggeiy of given size, and the subsequent range in predicted odour concentration surrounding the site can lead to very different estimates of the possible odour impact of that piggery. High odour concentrations were shown to occur at very large distances from a piggery, with potentially nuisance concentrations possible at distances up to 12 km from the site. The limitations of the data and the modelling are discussed as are the implications of the high predicted concentrations.


Background To explore the clinical effect of laminectomy alone and laminectomy with instrumentation in the treatment of TOLF. Methods A retrospective study was conducted on the clinical data of 142 patients with TOLF and laminectomy in the Spine surgery of the XXX Medical University from January 2003 to January 2018. According to whether the laminectomy was combined with instrumentation, the patients were divided into two groups: group A (laminectomy alone LA, n = 77) and group B (laminectomy with instrumentation LI, n = 65). Comparison possible in�uencing factors of demographic variables and operation-related variables between the two groups. In this study, the clinical effects of laminectomy alone and laminectomy with instrumentation in the treatment of TOLF were discussed. Thus to explore the clinical effect of LA and LI in the treatment of TOLF.


The mass inequalities valid in the vectorial gauge theory based on a simple group can be generalized to the case with a compact semi-simple Lie group if the vacuum angle is assumed to be zero. A new meaning of these inequalities lies in that a vectorial flavor gauge symmetry can not be spontaneously broken by the color condensates among the fermions with nonzero bare masses. In the semi-simple group case the vacuum angle could be naturally set to be zero only if there are massless fermions assigned in special representations of the group. This provides the possibility to break down the mass inequalities and could find some physical applications.


In this paper, the model of BGA solder joints were established by the finite element method (FEM). It would reflect the variations of creep stain in solder joints more truly by the cyclic temperature loading. The results are as follows: when the BGA solder joints subjected to cyclic thermal loading, the equivalent creep strain move to the center of solder joints gradually with the increase of the cycle times. With the increasing of peak temperature to the temperature cycling load, the life of solder joints decrease. The different heating rates had a little effect on the creep of the solder joints. While the heating rate was large, the time required for a single temperature cycle reduced. In the meantime, the total equivalent creep strain in the solder joints would reach the critical value of failure more faster. The accumulation of creep stain in solder joints increase more significant in the process of heating and cooling, and the increase amplitude wasn't obviously both of high and low temperature.


Valvular disease may be unmasked in pregnancy when physiological changes increase demands on the heart. Women with valvular heart disease require close follow-up during pregnancy, delivery, and postpartum


Objective To study the correlation about ambulatory electrocardiography and coronary pathology and its extend.Methods We selected 126 patients who had undergone 24h ambulatory electrocardiography(AECG) and selective coronary angiography(CAG) in the same period.The groups were divided according to the results of CAG.Then we analyzed and compared the data of AECG between two groups[CAG(+) and CAG(-)].Results (1)Statistic significance was found in the variables of minimum heart rate,maximum heart rate,ST depression,ST/HR and T wave change between the groups of CAG(+) and CAG(-)(P0.01).No statistic significance was found in the variables of mean heart rate and arrhythmia(P0.05).(2)Statistic significance was found in the variables of mean heart rate,minimum heart rate,ST and ST/HR among the three groups of single,double and triplet coronary disease(P0.01).In the variables of arrhythmia,although the numbers of VE,VE-Pair and VT were increased,there was no statistic significance be found.(3)Analyses of multiple logistic regression and multiple linear regression had shown that positive correlation was found between the variables of ST,ST/HR and the extend of coronary disease.Conclusion (1)There is positive correlation between the variables of ST,ST/HR and the extend of coronary disease.ST and ST/HR are the reliable variables of reflecting myocardial ischemia and the extend of coronary disease.(2)Neither the type nor the number of arrhythmia is regard as the diagnostic variable for coronary heart disease.


ACM Reference Format: Toshikatsu Nakamura, Ryusuke Miyazaki, Kouga Yoshida, and Toshiki Sato. 2021. Omnidirectional display that presents information to the ambient environment with optical transparency. In Special Interest Group on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques Conference Posters (SIGGRAPH '21 Posters), August 09-13, 2021. ACM, New York, NY, USA, 2 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3450618.3469139


in a patch of ground which may have been formerly part of a garden. Of fifty leaves taken at random twelve had extra leaflets upon the petiole. Of these twelve, eight had two leaflets, opposite in four cases and alternate in four, and four had single leaflets upon the petiole below the normal leaflets. May 7th, i89i, I found the extra leaflets abundant in the locality just mentioned and also upon our north campus near the lake shore. When picking at random one in every four or five had the extra one or two leaflets. In July, i89i, I found in the herbarium of the Natural History Museum, Kensington, London, two specimens of Fragaria Virginiana, one collected in Colorado and the other at Kettle Falls upon the Columbia river, which had the supernumerary lateral leaflets. My observations tend to the conclusion that in some localities twenty per cent. of the leaves of Fragaria have five leaflets, two of which usually disappear as the season advances leaving the normal trifoliate form. Mrs. Kellerman, from the variations which she has noted, reasons that the strawberry is developing a quinquefoliate form of leaf. By the flight of his imagination in "The Evolutionist at Large," Grant Allen shows how the "fruit" of the strawberry may have developed from a potentilla; while the facts given above seem to indicate that the plant, so far as the leaves give evidence, is passing or has passed from a pinnate form, not unlike certain potentillas, having five or more leaflets, into a trifoliate form. These observations were made both upon Fragaria Virginiana and upon its variety Illinoensis.-C. B. ATWELL, Northwestern University, Evanston, Ills.


M Atmospheric chemistry affects the corrosion environment of high-level waste or spent nuclear fuel waste packages emplaced in a repository. The corrosion environment is chemically complex and dynamic. Additionally, gamma radiolysis due to decay of the waste inside the waste package affects not only liquid and solid materials on the waste package surface but also the air immediately surrounding the waste package. Because atmospheric dusts and aerosols may contain nitrates and organic materials, the local chemical environment on a waste package may have both reducing and oxidizing components; that these components can and do react has been demonstrated. Of particular interest is how the chemical environment can be defined so that appropriate corrosion tests can be conducted. The primary objective of this paper is to document what has been learned and provide a starting point for future corrosion environment determinations.


Ground temperatures in alpine environments are severely influenced by slope orientation (aspect), slope inclination, local topoclimatic conditions, and thermal properties of the rock material. Small differences in one of these factors may substantially impact the ground thermal regime, weathering by freeze-thaw action or the occurrence of permafrost. To improve the understanding of differences, variations, and ranges of ground temperatures at single mountain summits, we studied the ground thermal conditions at a triangle-shaped (plan view), moderately steep pyramidal peak over a two-year period (2018-2020).

We installed 18 monitoring sites with 23 sensors near the summit of Innerer Knorrkogel (2882m asl), in summer 2018 with one- and multi-channel datalogger (Geoprecision). All three mountain ridges (east-, northwest-, and southwest-facing) and flanks (northeast-, west-, and south-facing) were instrumented with one-channel dataloggers at two different elevations (2840 and 2860m asl) at each ridge/flank to monitor ground surface temperatures. Three bedrock temperature monitoring sites with shallow boreholes (40cm) equipped with three sensors per site at each of the three mountain flanks (2870m asl) were established. Additionally, two ground surface temperature monitoring sites were installed at the summit.

Results show remarkable differences in mean annual ground temperatures (MAGT) between the 23 different sensors and the two years despite the small spatial extent (0.023 km²) and elevation differences (46m). Intersite variability at the entire mountain pyramid was 3.74°C in 2018/19 (mean MAGT: -0.40°C; minimum: -1.78°C; maximum: 1.96°C;) and 3.27°C in 2019/20 (mean MAGT: 0.08°C; minimum: -1.54°C; maximum: 1,73°C;). Minimum was in both years at the northeast-facing flank, maximum at the south-facing flank. In all but three sites, the second monitoring year was warmer than the first one (mean +0.48°C) related to atmospheric differences and site-specific snow conditions. The comparison of the MAGT-values of the two years (MAGT-2018/19 minus MAGT-2019/20) revealed large thermal inhomogeneities in the mountain summit ranging from +0.65° (2018/19 warmer than 2019/20) to -1.76°C (2018/19 colder than 2019/20) at identical sensors. Temperature ranges at the three different aspects but at equal elevations were 1.7-2.2°C at ridges and 1.8-3.7°C at flanks for single years. The higher temperature range for flank-sites is related to seasonal snow cover effects combined with higher radiation at sun-exposed sites. Although the ground temperature was substantially higher in the second year, the snow cover difference between the two years was variable. Some sites experienced longer snow cover periods in the second year 2019/20 (up to +85 days) whereas at other sites the opposite was observed (up to -85 days). Other frost weathering-related indicators (diurnal freeze-thaw cycles, frost-cracking window) show also large intersite and interannual differences.

Our study shows that the thermal regime at a triangle-shaped moderately steep pyramidal peak is very heterogeneous between different aspects and landforms (ridge/flank/summit) and between two monitoring years confirming earlier monitoring and modelling results. Due to high intersite and interannual variabilities, temperature-related processes such as frost-weathering can vary largely between neighbouring sites. Our study highlights the need for systematic and long-term ground temperature monitoring in alpine terrain to improve the understanding of small- to medium-scale temperature variabilities.


Zaozi grape(Vitis vinifera) was used as trial material which had been planted in large plastic house three year ago. The grape were sprayed GA_3 in different concentration 10 days before bloom to study the effect of different treatment on internal and appearance quality of the fruits, seedless berry rate and fruit setting rate. The results showed that all treatments had seedless effect, in which the seedless berry rate of the grape sprayed GA_3 with 50 mg/L was the highest (93. 33%), and it was the best in soluble sugar, total soluble solid, appearance quality such as its color, smoothness, etc.


Evaluation of the lipid peroxidation rate and the superoxide dismutase activity in patients with tuberculosis showed that lipid peroxidation was distinctly increased in focal and infiltrative forms of the disease, while the enzymatic activity was altered dissimilarly. Activation of superoxide dismutase observed in focal tuberculosis appears to have a compensatory importance.


The purpose of this study is to suggest the estimation model of `amenity environment` by Perceived Environmental Quality Index(PEQI) model. A questionnaire survey was carried out for the study area of Taegu-Kyungbuk region. Sampling size was 838(427 of Taegu and 411 of Kyungbuk) residents by stratified sampling of each region`s(7 Gu for Taegu, 7 Cities & Gun for Kyungbuk) population. The survey was done during Sep. to Nov. of 1996. The suggested model was composed of four estimation categories and 16 indicators. The four categories were `Cleanness & Quietness`, `Naturalness & Harmony`, `Beauty & Comfort` and `Environmental Conservation Efforts`. And each category has several individual indicators. The weighted means of satisfaction were different by each region. Suseong-gu, Dalseogu, Joong-gu(Taegu), Kimcheon, Andong, and Cheondo(Kyungbuk) showed high environmental satisfaction, but Dong-gu, Seo-gu(taegu), Youngcheon, and Pohang(Kyungbuk) showed lower environmental satisfaction. By Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) of weighting values for each categorirs, `Environmental Conservation Efforts` was estimated as the most important(value of 0.367), and `Naturalness & Harmony`(0.242), `Clenness & Quietness`(0.225), and `Beauty & Comfort`(0.166) were important respectively. Total PEQI`s were estimated as 48.0 for Taegu, and 53.3 for Kyungbuk. PEQI`s for each regions were between 46.2(Dong-gu) and 59.9(Kimcheon). The validity of the suggested model was verified by factor analysis. The four factors were identified as the same categories and indicators. Finally, The LISREL+7 model was suggested as estimation model of `Amenity Environment` for Taegu-Kyungbuk region.


Jonathan A. Waskan is an Assistant Professor of Philosophy at the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign. He holds appointments with the UIUC Department of Philosophy and the UIUC Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology. He received his degree in 1999 from Washington University's Philosophy-NeurosciencePsychology program. He has published in Cognitive Science, Connection Science, and International Studies in Philosophy.


The problems of labor force management and development have restricted the development of private enterprises in scope of county area. The private enterprises should attach importance to the management and development of labor force. They should establish the mechanism of development, use and management for labor force. Thus can guarantee the sustainable development for the private enterprises.


Effects of nitriding modification on surface phase structure, morphology, corrosion resistance and magnetostriction of (Tb,Dy)Fe2 alloy were investigated by nitrogen ion implantation. Results showed that the surface REFe2 phase gradually decomposed and transformed into REN, α-Fe and Fe8N phases with the increase of nitrogen ion implantation dose. The surface morphology of the alloy had an obvious change after nitrogen ion implantation. The corrosion resistance properties of the alloy in acidic, alkaline and chloridion environment were also greatly improved. In addition, the magnetostriction performance of the alloy was almost not affected by ion implantation as the nitrided layer was quite thin and the operating temperature was very low. The results proved that nitrogen ion implantation was an effective method for surface modification of (Tb,Dy)Fe2 alloy.