In this work, a numerical approach has been proposed to estimate the five single-diode circuit model physical parameters of photovoltaic generators from their experimental current-voltage characteristics. Linear least square method has been used to solve the system of three linear equations to express the shunt resistance, the saturation current and the photocurrent as a function of the series resistance and the ideality factor. Two key points have been used to solve the system of two nonlinear equations to extract values of series resistance and ideality factor. The advantage of the proposed method with respect of existing numerical techniques is that use only two key points of the experimental characteristic and need only two initial guesses and does not use any approximation. To evaluate the proposed method, three PV generators data have been used to compare the experimental and the theoretical curves. The application of the proposed method provides a good agreement with the experimental.


Eighteen of 27 patients with pain due to advanced cancer, completed a randomised crossover comparison of4‐hourly aqueous morphine sulphate and twice daily controlled release morphine tablets. There was no difference between the two regimens in analgesic efficacy or adverse effects, but there was an apparent improvement in quality of sleep on the controlled release tablets. After completion of the study, 17 patients continued with the latter medication for periods that ranged from 2 days to 94 weeks (median 6.5 weeks). Controlled release morphine tablets given twice daily provide a simpler and more convenient treatment regimen than a 4‐hourly opioid for patients with cancer pain, once they have been stabilised.


The purpose of this research is to describe novel structural gender exitences that are  reflected on women characters involving. Gender eksistences as domestic sector and gender existences as public sector on novel Jurang Keadilan composed by Pipiet Senja this research discusied aboud the nature of novel, novel structural, fiction analisys approach, the nature of feminism, and the nature of gender existence. This is a qualitative research by using descriptif method to analyze novel structurals in general and mimesys approach to analyze the gender existence an a novel. First edition of the object of this research is Jurang Keadilan written by Pipiet Senja printing 1 dzuhijjah 1431 H/Desember 2010. Collection data were conducted by there steps. (1) reading and understanding the novel, (2) marking the parts that indicate the gender existence, (3) identifying characters to find the similaritles with the research problem, (4) classifying sentences and paragraph that could visualize pictures of women in Jurang Keadilan novel. After the data collected, those data will be analyzed by these following steps: (1) describing the novel structural, (2) classifying the gender existence data, (3) interpreting the gender exixtence on women characters, (4) resulting data that has been analyzed and interpreted and (5) reporting the research result.


A hybrid particle-fluid method is applied to model the plume from a 6 kW Hall thruster operated in the Large Vacuum Test Facility at the University of Michigan. The approach utilizes the direct simulation Monte Carlo method and the Particle-in-Cell method to simulate the collision and plasma dynamics of xenon neutrals and ions. The electrons are modeled as a fluid using conservation equations. A second code is employed to model discharge chamber behavior to provide improved input conditions at the thruster exit for the plume simulation. Simulation accuracy is assessed using experimental data previously recorded.


A low-molecular-weight liquid epoxidized natural rubber (LENR) was prepared through photosensitized degradation of epoxidized natural rubber with 50 mol percent of epoxy content (ENR-50). LENR was modified into hydrogenated liquid epoxidized natural rubber (HLENR) via in situ thermal degradation of arylsulfonyl hydrazide as a hydrogenating agent. The chemical structures of LENR and HLENR were characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopies. The thermal behaviour of LENR and HLENR were analysed using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The molecular weight and polydispersity index (PDI) of LENR and HLENR were determined using gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The parameter studies on the hydrogenation of LENR were investigated based on the source of diimide, weight ratios of LENR: p-toluenesulfonyl hydrazide (TSH), temperature, reaction time and solvent of the reaction. The highest conversion of hydrogenation was achieved at 130 °C for 4 hours reaction time, with 1:1 weight ratio of LENR: TSH using oxylene as a solvent.


One of the regions of Ukraine, which is subject to significant man-made impacts on the atmospheric air, is the city of Zaporizhzhya. The paper presents the results of assessing the quality of atmospheric air based on the calculation of the air pollution index and the integrated air pollution index of the city of Zaporizhzhya. For the assessment, the data of long-term observations at the stationary posts of the city for 2016—2020 were used for the main pollutants. A list of the main pollutants (formaldehyde, dust, carbon monoxide, phenol, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide) and the contribution of each of them to the general level of atmospheric pollution has been determined.
The calculations of air pollution indices were carried out for the average daily concentrations of substances for each observation post in Zaporizhzhya for the study period 2016—2020. The calculation of the air pollution indices for the posts was carried out for all concentrations of the investigated substances, except for hydrogen sulfide due to the lack of data for it. The highest values of the indices are observed in 2017 and 2019, the lowest — in 2020. Over the past year, there has been a tendency towards a slight decrease in the level of air pollution by pollutants. The highest values of indices exceeding 1 are noted for substances such as dust, nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen oxide, phenol and formaldehyde.
Calculations of the integrated index of atmospheric pollution at posts showed their heterogeneity, the list of measured substances is not unified for all posts. Formaldehyde, nitrogen oxides, phenol and dust make the largest contribution to the formation of the integrated air pollution index. Environmental monitoring in the city of Zaporizhzhya does not include measurements of hazardous toxicants, the presence of which is typical for large cities.
The highest level of the integrated air pollution index is observed at the posts located in the zone of influence of the main industrial site, and reaches values of 5,4—9,8, which corresponds to a high level. In other areas of the city, where there is industrial potential, observations are not carried out; it is impossible to assess the level of air quality according to the data of the hydrometeorological service.


The terrestrial snails Brephulopsis cylindrica and Xeropicta derbentina are native to steppes of the Northern Black Sea region; X. derbentina has also initially inhabited Eastern Mediterranean, the Caucasus, and Anatolia. However, in last decades the species are increasingly reported outside of their natural range which renders them as likely invasive. The paper aims to assess the ecological suitability of adjacent habitats in terms of the molluscs invasion. We address this using species distribution modelling (SDM). The selected environment predictors for SDM included 22 environment factors such as land cover, enhanced vegetation index (EVI), altitude, and 19 bioclimatic parameters. The resulted model suggests that the area with maximum suitability extends from the natural range to the Central Danube lowland in the West and up to the Volga Upland in the Northeast. These regions have similar EVI and are largely croplands. Among the predictors, the minimum temperature of the coldest month has the greatest impact on the modelling results, which agrees with the variable being the limiting factor for the distribution of subtropical invertebrates. The study reinforces the notions that X. derbentina and B. cylindrica are likely to further expand the boundaries of their range thus posing threats to native ecosystems.


Background: The Asian/Pacific Islander Youth Violence Prevention Center (APIYVPC) focuses its youth violence prevention efforts on community mobilization by partnering with Kailua High School and other local community groups.Objectives: This paper describes the development and activities of the Safe School Task Force (SSTF) and the lessons learned.Methods: In response to concerns of school, community members, and students, the SSTF was organized to promote student leadership in raising awareness about problems related to violence.Lessons Learned: Collaboration among the school, community, and the university places students in leadership roles to reduce school violence and enhances their self-efficacy to improve their school environment. To increase SSTF effectiveness, more attention must be paid to student recruitment, consistent community partnerships, and gaining teacher buy-in.Conclusions: This partnership may be useful in multicultural communities to provide students the opportunities to learn about violence prevention strategies, community mobilization, and leadership skills.


The purpose of this paper is to determine the importance of the environment as a driver of North-South migration in Ghana. Almost one in every five people born in Northern Ghana is living in Southern Ghana. Interviews with 203 migrant farmers suggest that migration from the North to the South is, to a large extent, environmentally induced. Many Northerners decided to migrate because of poor agro-ecological conditions at home combined with easy access to fertile lands in the more humid destination area. The interviews with migrant farmers yielded several insights that are relevant for the environmental refugee debate. Firstly, environmental pull appears to be at least as important as environmental push. Secondly, scarcity of fertile land was mentioned much more often as a reason to migrate than climate change or erratic rainfall. Thirdly, none of the respondents ascribed the migration decision to sudden-onset environmental stress. If the environment is indeed an important driver of migration, one would expect migration rates to be higher in places with and times of more severe scarcity. A cross-sectional analysis of migration propensities and natural resources scarcity confirms that out-migration 1 This chapter has been published as: Van der Geest, K. (2011). North-South migration in Ghana: What role for the environment? International Migration 49 (S1): e69-e94. There are minor differences between the article and this chapter. The main difference is the inclusion of table 3.2 (migration reasons mentioned by Dagara settlers in the Brong Ahafo Region). A summary of the findings from this chapter has been published as: Van der Geest, K. & R. de Jeu (2008). Climate Change and Displacement: Ghana. Forced Migration Review 16: 31.


Mitochondria play important roles in cellular energy metabolism,free radical generation and apoptosis. Mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the most profound features of cancer cells. Several distinct differences between the mitochondria of normal cells and cancer cells have been observed at the molecular,biochemical,metabolic and genetic levels. In this article,we review the relationship between mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and carcinogenesis of cancer cells. The possible mechanisms are also discussed.


A production line for correcting the brightness of an LED display module. The production line comprises: a track (100); a plurality of work stations which are arranged on the track (100) and comprise a plurality of first darkroom work stations (110, 120, 130); a plurality of image collection devices (111, 121, 131) which are respectively arranged in the plurality of first darkroom work stations (111, 121, 131) and are used for respectively conducting image shooting on different colour pictures displayed in sequence by an LED display module to be corrected which is loaded on the track (100), so as to obtain colour image data; and a track computer system (200) for controlling the movement of the track (100), controlling the LED display module to be corrected to display different colour pictures, and conducting a signal connection on the plurality of image collection devices (111, 121, 131), so as to acquire the colour image data. By means of the solution, by collecting various pieces of colour image information about the LED display module through the plurality of image collection devices (111, 121, 131) in a manner of a production line, the correction efficiency is improved, the data collection is more accurate, the data collection error caused by correcting different LED display modules through different image collection devices is avoided, and the human resources for correction are reduced.


As there are various strategies put in place to increase cycling, cycling within the ethnic minority is still predominantly low and the reason why has not been broadly studied. This research aims to understand more about why there is a lack of cycling amongst the Indian ethnic community in the UK. Primarily this research uncovers why cycling for commuting or leisure purposes is intermittent within the Indian ethnic minority compared to the white majority groups. It explores boundaries of culture and religion, investigating the meanings, practices, and competencies of cycling amongst Indians living in the North West of England.
The study uses practice theory as an analytical framework in providing an alternative method in realising the complex nuances between the elements that create the practice of cycling. This helps to focus on cycling as being considered as a social issue rather than an individual behaviour. Using a systematic review to first outline the available literature on cycling amongst ethnic minorities and then semi-structured interviews amongst 19 participants, the study established several barriers.
The study found that amongst the Indian participants who are primarily Muslims, there with profound religious barriers playing a role, though Islam promoted physical activity. For men and women, there was a clear distinction on what can and cannot be practiced due to cultural and religious beliefs. Further cultural norms from first generation towards the younger second or third generations living in the UK have different meanings towards the practice of cycling and these meanings have an effect as to whether cycling can be a feasible option. This research is designed to help create or modify existing policies that are centred on transport and sustainability, through education and training, specifically cycling within neighbourhoods that are predominantly Indian and or Muslim living in the UK.


withdrawn PP3275 Prevalence of rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder and excessive daytime sleepiness among adult Egyptians: a population-based study A. Hassan, A.S. Abo El Fotouh, K. Hammouda, M.E. El Awwady Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt


Objective To evaluate the interindividual variations of the xiphoid process in Chinese adults with 256-slice spiral CT.Methods Totally 620 consecutive patients who underwent coronary CT angiography were included in this study.MPR,MIP images on coronal and sagittal planes,and three-dimensional VR reconstruction images were obtained and used for the evaluation of the anatomic features of the xiphoid process.Results The xiphoid process was present in all 620 patients.The xiphoid process was deviated ventrally in 304 patients(304/620,49.03%).In 77 of these 304 patients,ventral curving at the end of the xiphoid process resembled a hook.The xiphoid process was aligned in the same axis as the sternal corpus in 303 patients(303/620,48.87%).The tip of the xiphoid process curved dorsally like a hook in 9 patients(9/620,1.45%).In 4 patients(4/620,0.65%),the xiphoid process showed a reverse "S' shape.The xiphoidal ending was single in 362(362/620,58.39%) patients,double in 242(242/620,39.03%),or triple in 16(16/620,2.58%).Meanwhile,155 patients(155/620,25.00%) had xiphoidal foramen,129 patients(129/620,20.81%) had only one xiphoidal foramen and 26 patients(26/620,4.19%) had two or more foramina.Xiphoidal deviated from the middle line of sternum in 46 patients(46/620,7.42%),24(24/620,3.87%) to the right side,and 22(22/620,3.55%) to the left side.Sternoxiphoidal fusion was present in 317 patients(317/620,51.13%).Conclusion Significant interindividual variations were detected in the xiphoid process in Chinese adult.Excellent anatomic evaluation capacity of 256-slice spiral CT facilitates the detection of variations of the xiphoid process as well as the whole ribcage.


Nearly one-third of individuals in the United States meet lifetime criteria for an alcohol use disorder (AUD)(Grant et al., 2015). Fortunately, most individuals who develop an AUD will eventually resolve their problem, with "recovery" defined in various ways across studies (Dawson et al., 2005; Tucker et al., 2006, 2009; Witkiewitz et al., 2019). Having scientifically sound definitions of recovery from AUD that can be shared across population and individual levels of analysis is fundamental to recovery research.


One of the global problems related to the protection of nature is the preservation of the genetic pool of wild flora and fauna. In Bulgaria, until 2007, more than 30,000 species of animals belonging to a large number of taxonomic groups were known, but their real number in the country is most likely over 60,000. The provided data show that our country compared to the larger some European countries have a rich register of animals in a correspondingly small territory. After the experts' assessment, it was shown that the Red Book of the Republic of Bulgaria includes a total of 287 species and subspecies of animals, which are assigned to 4 categories: extinct - 30, critically endangered - 87, endangered - 70 and vulnerable - 100. Taking into account these facts, our goal was to carry out a retrospective analysis of the intoxications of wild birds and mammals registered in some regions of the country, in order to determine the cause of their occurrence and, on the other hand, to add new data to the ecological situation in the country.


A description is given of a code for the IBM-704 computer which reduces and fits by least squares the measurements of radioactivity of a sequence of foils. Corrections for background, counter deadtime, foil weight, and radioactive decay are applied, and readings outside a specified range are rejected. Errors due to statistical fluctuations are computed and off-center ordinates are calculated. Reduced data are then fitted by least squares to the best value of the arguments of Bessel J/sub o/ or cosine functions. Up to 100 foils in a sequence can be handled, and decay times up to 999 min can be accommodated. An IBM-704 computer having 8192 words of core storage is required. No drums or tapes are needed. Running time for a typical 50 point problem involving data reduction alone is 2 min. With least squares fitting, the same problem would require 4 min. (auth)


Eco-industrial parks (EIPs) exemplify sustainable industrial development by maximizing resource efficiency through waste material reuse. However, their global implementation encounters challenges. This paper introduces two key contributions to the EIP literature. Firstly, it presents a simple, interdisciplinary framework for assessing the feasibility of transitioning to or establishing new EIPs. Secondly, it applies this framework to evaluate EIP development in Vietnam, focusing on Thang Long Industrial Park II (TLIPII) as a case study and drawing implications for other developing nations. TLIPII is remarkable for its adherence to national environmental standards, with a dual status of partial occupancy and ongoing infrastructure development. This study suggests the potential for a partial EIP transition in the occupied area and establishing a new EIP in the remaining portion. Yet substantial challenges persist due to institutional barriers like the absence of incentive policies, specific implementation guidance, and environmental regulations. TLIPIIs case underscores crucial success factors for EIP development: active stakeholder engagement, a comprehensive EIP management framework, clear stakeholder responsibilities, and the involvement of local-level actors. It also highlights the importance of flexible environmental regulations, incentives, robust stakeholder engagement, and well-defined policy frameworks. These lessons from TLIPII can inform actionable policy recommendations for other developing countries. By applying these insights, these nations can chart a roadmap for sustainable industrialization while addressing the challenges and opportunities of the EIP model.


Excerpt The concept that adrenal cortical hormones might be beneficial in the treatment of diseases of the liver is not a new one. Eppinger suggested their use as early as 1937,1but it was not unti...


Mask AF (AF), both printable (PRAF) and non-printable - or sub-resolution - AF (SRAF) have been part of the established lithography and RET/OPC toolkit for achieving a manufacturable process window, for several technology generations. Deployment of AF onto a mask for a full product or test-chip layout has been traditionally rule-driven, i.e. based on look-up tables of critical feature sizes and corresponding AF, with specified dimensions and at specified distances. The number of AF per given layout main feature, the set of AF dimensions (widths, heights, etc.) and the distances (placements) from the main features are collectively referred to as the AF Rules Set. The identification of the optimal parameters values in an AF Rules Set (or the optimal AF Rules, for short) is a fundamental problem in process technology development for semiconductor manufacturing, which is typically being addressed by a mixture of heuristic parametric searches and lithographic simulations. This approach produces a limited number of usable AF rules (mainly for 1D layout configurations) and often results in insufficient coverage for 2D cases. This paper introduces a novel methodology for the determination of an optimal AF Rules set, which results in a greatly superior coverage of layout configurations (both 1D and 2D) and quantitatively verifiable larger common process window. The methodology utilizes an inverse lithography simulation step, followed by computational geometry analysis and filtering and finally automated rules extraction. The computational flow, which has been implemented for 22nm process development, delivers an order of magnitude more rules (i.e. from few tens to several hundred), and often generates non-intuitive 2D rules which could not have been discovered by heuristic search alone. The presented results illustrate the superior performance of this technique particularly in the case of contact and metal layers at 22nm. Potential extendibility of this approach for the 15nm node is also discussed.


In Qin Dynasty,Yao Pass is now Lantian Pass,also named Lan pass.According to authoritative historic,geographic literature,such as Hanshu,Shuijingzhu and so on,as well as the subsequent historic evolution,Yao Pass lies in now the southeast of Lantian County——from the east part of Yak Mountain to the hills of the town of Lanqiao.So Lan Pass is the county city of Lantian.


A control apparatus is provided for controlling an access means for accessing a recording medium containing at least one area so that the access means accesses the at least one area. The apparatus comprises a means for determining whether or not at least one first recorded area storing data is included in the at least one area, and a means for controlling the access means. When it is determined that the at least one first recorded area is included in the at least one area, the control means controls the access means based on a result of accessing the at least one first recorded area. ® KIPO & WIPO 2007


In a lab experiment, we assess the role of voluntary entry on the incidence of severe overbidding and bankruptcies, which are widespread in common value auctions. We show that voluntary entry amplifies overbidding and reduces auction profits. Less experienced, male and more risk averse subjects tend to enter the common value auctions.


Sensorless permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive systems have become very attractive due to their advantages, such as reduction of hardware complexity and hence the system cost and increment of system reliability. In order to correctly obtain the rotor position information required for the appropriate control, various methods have been proposed. Among them, the most versatile method makes use of the structural and magnetic saturation saliencies of the PMSM. This paper presents a non-linear model of PMSMs considering the saliencies. The phase inductances of a PMSM are measured and expressed in Fourier series versus stator winding currents and rotor positions according to the inductance pattern. The simulated dynamic performance is compared with that based on a model without considering saliency to verify the effectiveness of the proposed PMSM model


Recent Canadian prime ministers have embraced the hemisphere of the Americas, albeit in a differentiated and uneven fashion. Brian Mulroney is commonly credited with "discovering" the Americas largely through the decision to finally join the Organization of American States (OAS) in 1989.1 Jean Chretien pushed the "more amigos the better" approach through support for the Free Trade Area of the Americas, the summit of the Americas process, and the targeting of Team Canada activities in the region.2 Paul Martin is largely linked to the formation of the North American Security and Prosperity Partnership, designed to facilitate discussion of future economic arrangements for the creation of a single North American market for goods and services and shared strategies for securitizing the continent against potential terrorist attacks; however, Martin's international policy statement emphasized, among a variety of other objectives, the need to improve bilateral relations with "emerging powers" such as Brazil.3 And his government re-designed development policy to favor some smaller countries in the Americas. The government of Prime Minister Stephen Harper has been even more ambitious, announcing during the 2007 G8 summit in Germany that Canadian foreign policy was to have a renewed focus on the Americas. Signs that the promise of this declared engagement was to be followed up in practice were encouraged by two high profile prime ministerial trips to the Americas in 2007 and 2011.4This theme of personalized attention, while significant, is not to exaggerate the importance of the Americas in Canadian foreign policy. Despite the upgrade, the hemisphere remains subordinated to the main game, the Canada-US relationship, with its myriad of networks and special qualities, including complexes, sensitivities, and the attraction of the proximate US market. Nor, notwithstanding the higher profile, do the Americas have the intensity of other geographic focal points. In terms of geopolitical concerns, the hemisphere has lagged well behind Canada's contribution to the Afghanistan mission and arguably its enhanced focus on the Arctic. As in the past, the security dimension - as least in classic hard terms - remains a crucial "missing link" in Canadian foreign policy towards the Americas.5 But if the Canadian turn towards the Americas should not be stretched too far, neither should it be dismissed as unimportant. If still modest in weight of deliverables,6 the Americas have been fully embedded in Canadian diplomatic thinking and practice. Past habits of avoidance or minimalization of the region have been discarded. The Americas have moved into the geographical and functional mainstream in terms of both identity and interests. While there are still huge gaps and potential pitfalls for further embedding the relationship, some of the constraints imposed on Canada's relationship with other regions (Europe and Asia-Pacific) are absent in the Americas.DISCARDING OLD HABITSThe reversal of past habits should not be downplayed. After all, previously Canada was anything but engaged with the Americas. The region was seen as both too complicated and too unimportant to embrace. At a general level, an explicit expression of regionalism was avoided in Canadian foreign policy, with multilateralism dominant as the diplomatic approach through the post-1945 era.7 A privileged status was given to the tenets of universalism through the United Nations, or alternatively cross-regional organizations including NATO, the Commonwealth, and later on, the Francophonie. What feelings of regional consciousness instilled into Canadian policy makers was reserved for approaches towards the Atlantic Community, connections "not easily or unproblematically translated into concrete schemes for regional perspectives."8 From a middle power diplomatic perspective, any more intense forms of regionalism presented difficulties in that they posed a serious challenge to Canada's traditional mode of statecraft for two interrelated reasons. …


This essay considers The House behind the Cedars (1900) as a laboratory for ethical inquiry, a space in which the author stages multiple acts of dubious discernment and then clearly marks out the failure of his characters to move beyond race-based judgments and predetermined outcomes. The approach situates Chesnutt's novel within an ongoing debate regarding the efficacy of literature, its influence on the reader, and its practical power to generate reformative conversations about human worth, virtue, and the "right thing" to do. Key points from the discourse on discernment—in theology as well as ethics—are used as analytical tools for reading Chesnutt's penetrating critique of discrimination.


The present article deals with the setup and the control of a biaxial tension test device for characterising the material properties of elastomers. After a short introduction into the experimental setup a brief explanation of the benefits of a biaxial tension test is given. Furthermore the analysis of this test will be discussed. Therefore, the used optical field measurement by digital image correlation for analysing the strains is shortly introduced to the reader. Additionally, the basic concepts of the calculation of an inverse boundary problem for identifying the material's parameters are imposed. However the main focus is laid on the experimental optimisation of the specimen's geometry, whereupon a nearly hyperelastic, incompressible silicone is used to get the experimental results. The resulting geometry will be specially fitted to the requirements of elastomers. The tested geometries and the evaluation of the experiments will be explained as well as the resulting quality factor for the suitability of a specimen's shape. After all, a short validation of the foregoing considerations will be presented.


In 2014, the Paraiba do Sul River Basin Integration Committee (CEIVAP) established its Pilot Program of Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES), focusing on water resources. The projects from this program share the same goal: to disseminate the use of PES as a tool for land management in watersheds. Contemplating 11 municipalities, including 84 landowners, conserving 718.63 ha and restoring 188.58 ha, this program was concluded in April 2020. Reviewing its historical and contextualizing features, we have observed that the outcomes from this program extend beyond these numbers. Here, we propose an evaluation methodology comparing the efficiency, performance, and impact of the PES projects. Based on new indicators that are easy to measure, we have identified key elements that have asymmetrically affected the projects. The complexity of the project scope and the execution of high-cost, and risky interventions on rural properties, have resulted in expensive projects with little tangible outputs. Our results support the upgrade of public policy for investment in ecosystem services by CEIVAP in the Paraiba do Sul watershed. In addition, our results can be more successful by improving the decision-making processes for similar projects in other watersheds.


In this paper, several methods for effective mist formation to maximize the mist formation rate are studied experimentally. With regard to the liquid height, mist was generated for the water level of 15 mm–50 mm, and the optimal water level was 30 mm–40 mm. The amount of mists was larger with a horn compared to that without a horn. As the liquid temperature of water increases, the mist volume increases. The decrease in viscosity would be the reason for the increase in mist volume.


Diagnosis and risk stratification of patients with heart failure remain a challenge. The small non‐coding RNAs known as microRNAs regulate gene expression and seem to play an important role in the pathogenesis of heart failure. In the current study, we aim to characterize the levels of microRNAs in the sera of chronic systolic heart failure patients vs. controls and assess the possible correlation between elevation in the levels of specific microRNAs and clinical prognostic parameters in heart failure patients.


With many computer applications in place, large quantities of data have been collected over a period of years. Private organizations recognized that there is value in the historical data of their own organizations and have undertaken projects to build Data Warehouses (DW) to make the data accessible in a meaningful and timely manner through data mining and querying tools. But mostly in Government organizations, it is not so.  DW and data mining technologies have extensive potential applications in the government – in various Central Government sectors such as Agriculture, Rural Development, Health and Energy etc.. We had selected this problem to design a feasible architecture in the context of Central Government of India. The basic aim of this paper is we had studied DW architectures implemented in private organisations and gave a thought to design a data mart approach architecture for a centralized eGovernance DW which covers all the major departments in the Central Government of India emphasizing the ways and means to select the subject-oriented areas for populating the data marts, implementation parameters, quality factors and at the end touched the issues like access and security involved in them. Also, we had covered presented a small case-study of a simple DW implemented in Andhra Pradesh State Government, India.


Beam-plasma interaction experiment has been made in the magnetosphere by emitting an electron beam (100-200eV, 0.25-1.0mA) from the satellite "JIKIKEN" (EXOS-B). Various types of wave emissions are detected by a LF and HF wave detector. Two waves near at upper-hybrid frequency and at electron cyclotron frequency are detected in a low L-value region. In a higher L-value region, a harmonic generation of 16kHz is conspicuous, which is originated from the cathode heater power supply. The time variation and dependence on various parameters of the magnetosphere are studied.


process is to take an intimate journey on which both people learn about themselves as human beings and as members of a community. The most important quality we bring to caring for the dying is our own understanding of, and relationship with, dying and death. We all have legacies from our cultures and our families related to the meaning of death. To serve the dying, we need to understand our predisposition to action, our fears, and our unfinished business with past dying and death experiences. Self-knowledge strengthens the virtues of honesty, openness, courage, and steadfastness — qualities that are often felt by the seriously ill or dying and that inform our caring. In addition, when we bear witness to the dying process of another person, we learn about the fragility of our own lives, and this helps to pre pare us for our own dying journey. How do we understand ourselves as fellow travellers of the dying, and what skills do we need to help them? Many have written about the pragmatic importance of narrative self-reflection as an approach to understanding oneself and one's reactions to others. The experience of accompanying the dying on their journey can be enhanced by developing an awareness of the wide variety of approaches to offering comfort and emotional support and by applying them with sensitivity. Such approaches range from employing narrative communication skills (mindful listening, compassionate presence, and responsive processes of relating) to using the therapeutic power of ritual, spirituality, and art to relieve suffering. With Embracing the End of Life: Help for Those Who Accompany the Dying, O'Rourke and Dufour seek a broad audience — family and friends of the dying as well as health care professionals and trained volunteers. They have developed and written this book in a way that will appeal to this wide audience and be useful to them. The book is divided into six chapters: "Be friending Death," "Loss," "Hope and Healing," "Dying Well," "Caring Well," and "Grieving Well." Each chapter is subdivided into a comprehensive set of categories that serve to detail the major theme. So, for example, the theme "caring well" is treated through these concepts: "the gift of presence," "the three Rs of caring," "uncomfortable conversations," "self-care for the care partner," "share the care," "spiritual care," "the language of dying," "the power of music," and "celebrating fruitful encounters." As in the other chapters, such complex concepts are explored in a clear, detailed, and practical manner so that they can be eminently useful to those interacting with a person at the end of life. The effectiveness of the material covered by O'Rourke and Dufour derives from several elements found in all sections and themes. First, readers are encouraged to keep a journal of their thoughts and ideas as they engage with the text, which sets in motion a therapeutic writing/narrative approach. Second, inspirational patient stories are used to illustrate various ideas. Finally, sets of reflective questions are provided, making the text interactive and allowing readers to become more aware of their own beliefs, predispositions, judgements, feelings, and emotions. While I wish that the authors had included more references for the various ideas and materials they mentioned, I believe that this book makes a significant contribution to the literature on the care provided by those who accompany the dying. For the good of the dying, and for the benefit of their care partners, it deserves the reader's careful attention.


This paper addressed the traffic design methods of urban interchanges taking the interchange of Wanbao arterial and the 2nd ring urban expressway in Changsha as an example. Interchange was firstly designed by adjusting the functions of lanes and channelizing internal space of the intersection. Then, through overlapping phases and adjusting phase sequences, an optimal signal design was made to the interchange. At last, the design was evaluated and analyzed based on comparisons of capacity, saturation and delay indexes. The results showed that capacity of the interchange increased by 21.68%, saturation reduced by 27.5% and average delay reduced by 40.68%. In addition, the interweave between ramps flow and street flow was almost eliminated. The operational efficiency was obviously improved.


Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of oral sucralfate suspension (1gr/10ml) in the treatment of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS). Materials and Methods: Fifty-five patients with oral aphthae were included in this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial conducted in the Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. In the first part of the study, all subjects were instructed to rinse with a 10% suspension of sucralfate or placebo, 4 times a day for 2 weeks. Clinical examination was performed two times a week. The second part consisted of topical use of sucralfate or placebo 2 times a day for 4 weeks, followed by biweekly inspections for 6 months. The size and number of the ulcers along with pain severity were assessed in the course of the pretreatment and treatment phases. Recurrence was evaluated during the follow up period. Pearson, χ 2 , and Fisher's exact tests were used for statistical analysis. Results: On the fourth day of the study, pain relief was encountered in 59% and 14% of the case and control patients, respectively. Also, 63% of the ulcers in the sucralfate group and 71% in the placebo group showed size-reduction on the first visit. During the first 7 days of treatment, the number of ulcers showed reduction in both groups, which was significantly larger in the case group. Conclusion: A 10% suspension of sucralfate accelerated pain relief in aphthous patients and its use is recommended as an adjunct for the treatment of RAS.


Plant growth response to salinity is known to change under different fertility levels. The objective of this study was to investigate interactive effects of salinity and macronutrient level on growth and yield of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Lona), grown in hydroponic culture in growth chambers until grain maturity. Eight salinity levels, 0 to ISO mM NaCl, were established and 1,0.2, and 0.04 strength Hoagland macronutrient solution (x HS) were taken as the levels of nutrient supply. Leafnumber, tiller number, main stem height, yield components of the main spike, and dry weight of leaves, stems, grains, and above-ground plant parts were determined. Only small reductions in the grain yield of the main spike were found at 1 and 0.2 x HS with low and medium salinity (0-40 and 40-100 mM NaCl, respectively). Large reductions in the grain yield of the main stem were found at either 0.04 x HS or at high levels of salinity (125-150 mM NaCl), more marked at 0.2 than at 1 x HS. In contrast to the main spike grain yield, which was only slightly affected, increasing salinity strongly decreased plant yield components linearly. The salinity level associated with a 50% grain reduction was about 84,72, and 31 mM NaCl for 1,0.2, and 0.04 x HS, respectively. At all investigated macronutrient levels, plant grain yield reductions were mainly and closely related to decreased leaf and tiller numbers. This suggests that salinity exerts its main effects during the early growth stages. The most promising strategies for increasing wheat yields in saline soils will be (i) increasing nutrient supply in nutrient poor soils, (ii) creating favourable conditions in the root zone during germination, seedling stage, and early tillering by salt elimination, and (iii) increasing mam stem population density by increasmg seed rate. The second and third measures will increase yields to a greater extent at moderate and sufficient nutrient levels than additional supplies of nutrients. In conclusion, salt tolerance of wheat was significantly increased by increasing the macronutrient concentration at low macronutrient level (0.04 x HS) and moderately increased at the intermediate macronutrient level (0.2 x HS) widi high salinity (100-150 mM NaCl).


Experimental studies have been recently developed in order to better understand the fundamental interactions involved in the serpentinization of olivines, especially in the context of CO2 geological storage projects. In particular, starting from solutions of high-carbonate alkalinity at 200°C and 16 bar H2O saturation pressure, Lafay et al. [1] have evidenced the simultaneous precipitation of serpentine and magnesite nanoparticles, on time scales of 60 days. Here, we present a complementary study, using the numerical code Nanokin already validated in relation with other experimental approaches [2], [3]. It is based on the classical nucleation theory and on a size-dependent (algebraic) growth law, allowing possible growth, resorption and ripening processes. The advantages of the simulation are to document the in-situ conditions in the reactive cell (PCO2, pH, aqueous species activities), and to analyse the parameters responsible for the competition between the various secondary phases. In particular, relying on the experimental thermogravimetric analysis, we highlight the supersaturation state of the aqueous solution with respect to SiO2, and thus the complex double competition which exists between secondary phases: competition between lizardite and SiO2 for the silicon released by olivine and competition between magnesite and lizardite for the released magnesium. Our numerical work thus brings information in the competitive precipitation of complex phases during olivine alteration processes due to high carbonate alkalinity in hydrothermal solutions like those expected in some CO2 storage systems.


Through N-alkylation of dimethyldodecylamine with 1,2-ethanediol bis(chloroacetate),trihydroxymethylpropane tris(chloracetate),and pentaerythrite tetrakis(chloroacetate),three kinds of oligomer cationic surfactants(SAA1,SAA2 and SAA3) were synthesized respectively.The molecular structures of these surfactants were characterized by IR and 1HNMR spectra.The CMC values of surfactants SAA1,SAA2 and SAA3 were 9.1×10 -4,6.4×10 -4 and 1.2×10 -4 mol/L respectively,lower than that of corresponding conventional single-tailed surfactant SAA0 [H 25C 12N(CH 3) 2CH 2COOC 2H 5] +Cl -(8.9 mmol/L).Their foam powers were 162,167 and 163 mm respectively,higher than that of SAA0(157 mm).


Numerous studies have assessed the benefits that students and employers gain from participating in and supporting internship programs. Assessment of the benefits that marketing departments receive from supporting internship programs has largely been neglected. This study aims to address this gap by examining the responses of 180 colleges of business deans, associate deans, and faculty members. The results suggest that marketing departments reap certain benefits from internship programs, including improved class-room discussions, increased enrollment, and enhanced department reputation. Also, this study assesses instructor's perceptions of students' benefits, suggesting that student interns are hired sooner by the best organizations into better positions with higher salaries relative to students without internships.


Charge-sensitive infrared phototransistor (CSIP) is a highly sensitive semiconductor terahertz (THz) detector with single-photon sensitivity. Due to the excitation mechanism via intersubband transition in a quantum well, the CSIP requires careful design of the photo-coupler and proper light illumination method to achieve high quantum efficiency. We have improved the quantum efficiency by introducing the radiation from the backside of the CSIP substrate, which leads to efficient surface plasmon excitation in the photo-coupler.


Architectural competitions are regarded an important way to find close-to-optimal solutions for given building design tasks. In recent years, sustainability criteria within architectural competitions increased in importance. However, the question how to cleverly integrate sustainability criteria into the required deliverables that architects have to provide in competition entries remains widely unsolved. Even if energy calculations or tabular data are stipulated, both meaningfulness and impact on the jury decision seem to be highly doubtful. This might be due to a number of reasons: First of all, architectural competitions regularly address early design stages. In other words, large uncertainties regarding construction assemblies, glazing properties, and HVAC-systems (Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning) persist at this moment, thus energy evaluations come with a high level of inaccuracy. Moreover, juries that evaluate competition entries regularly consist of domain specialists for the later building usage and architects, but not necessarily encompass energy efficiency specialists. This is understandable, given the multitude of requirements within building design, where sustainability is only one out of many. Furthermore, there is no common understanding regarding clear decision criteria pertaining to sustainability. Even if certain scalar KPIs (Key Performance Indicators) are demanded, these numbers can regularly not describe the overall performance of a building design. Another important aspect is that entries to architectural competitions regularly are checked onto formal issues, but not regarding the plausibility of their content. As such, it cannot be expected that the winning and running-up projects of competitions automatically resemble the most sustainable projects. Literally, any sustainability or energy performance description has to be taken for granted, but can rarely be validated. Commonly it is argued that the winning projects of competitions are regularly the competition entries that show the most balanced mix of different attributes. This, however, is difficult to evaluate. In the present contribution we illustrate the methodology and results of a recently conducted empirical experiment. Thereby, we asked undergraduate and graduate students of architecture to subjectively evaluate a set of competition entries of a recent architectural competition for a high-density, low-energy residential housing project. The project entries were the winning project as well as the five runner-up projects. The students were provided with principle information about the competition and its principle goals and then had to rank the projects regarding different criteria. The comparison of this subjective evaluation was then compared with the competition result. Some differences between the jury's ranking and the subjective evaluation could be observed.


Introduction: Patients with end‐stage heart failure and a wide QRS complex are considered candidates for cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). However, 20% to 30% of patients do not respond to CRT. Lack of left ventricular dyssynchrony may explain the nonresponse. Accordingly, we evaluated the presence of left ventricular dyssynchrony using tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) in 90 consecutive patients with heart failure.


A new α -Tetralone based chalcone compound, (2E)-2-(4-ethoxybenzylidene)-3,4-dihydro-2H-naphthalen- 1-one ( EBDN ) has been synthesized by Claisen–Schmidt condensation reaction of α -Tetralone ( 1 ) with 4-Ethoxybenzaldehyde ( 2 ) in basic medium. Then it was allowed to grow through slow evaporation so- lution growth technique. The molecular structure of grown EBDN has been systematically characterized by SCXRD, FT-IR, 1 H NMR and 13 C NMR spectroscopic studies. The micro-hardness, thermal (TGA & DTA) and photoluminence studies of the synthesized EBDN were also examined. The EBDN was screened for its anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic and anti-oxidant activity. It has shown admirable anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic activity. Protein-Ligand interactions of EBDN with SARS-CoV-2 main protease (PDB code: 6yb7 ) also performed. © 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.


Nonetheless, technology contributes to an increase in life expectancy, further aggravating the problem of government budgets. These issues fostered the creation of corporate trends, whose activitie...


We study thermal processes in infinite harmonic crystals with polyatomic lattice. Initially particles have zero displacements and random velocities such that initial kinetic temperatures, corresponding to degrees of freedom of the unit cell, are different. Our main goal is to calculate spatial distribution of the temperatures at any moment in time. In order to characterize thermal state of the unit cell, the temperature matrix is used. Diagonal elements of the temperature matrix are equal to the kinetic temperatures. An exact expression for the temperature matrix is derived from solution of lattice dynamics equations. It is shown that the temperature matrix is represented as a sum of two terms. The first term describes high-frequency oscillations of the temperature matrix caused by two physical processes: redistribution of energy among kinetic and potential forms and redistribution of energy between degrees of freedom of the unit cell. The second term describes slow changes of the temperature matrix caused by ballistic heat transfer. Approximate expressions for both terms are derived. For example, unsteady heat transport in a diatomic chain is considered. It is shown that during heat transfer, temperatures of sublattices are different even if their initial values are equal. Comparison of analytical results with numerical simulations shows that presented theory describes the evolution of temperatures with high accuracy.
Keywords: ballistic heat transport; harmonic crystal; polyatomic lattice; complex lattice; kinetic temperature; transient processes; temperature matrix; unsteady heat transport.


Some time ago, one of us (J. E. R.) was' advised of the fact that there was a more rapid method for determining the ability of organisms to liquefy gelatin than the routine one, in use in most laboratories, namely, subjecting the gelatin stab to a tem' perature of 20°C. for ten or fourteen days after inoculation and then noting the results. Search of the literature failed to reveal any description of the more rapid method which was described as incubation at 370C. for four days followed by twenty-four hours incubation at 20°C. after which the results were recorded. Many reasons recommend the latter procedure providing the results obtained are identical with those recorded by the present recognized procedure. Among such reasons we might enumerate: 1. The saving of time (five days requirement as contrasted with fourteen days). 2. Earlier liberation of test tubes from the incubator (which in a busy laboratory is an important factor). 3. Necessity of less incubator space to meet the requirements' of any laboratory (in some cases dispensing altogether with the use of a 200C. incubator). As search of the literature failed to reveal any information on this.point it was determined to test out the two methods simultaneously on the next set of cultures which came into the laboratory and upon which confirmatory work (including the gelatin reaction) was to be done. This opportunity came when


: Maximum lifetime and minimum manufacturing cost for new products are the primary goals of companies for competitiveness. These two objectives are contradictory and the geometric dimensions of the products directly control them. In addition, the earlier design errors of new products are predicted, the easier and more inexpensive their rectification becomes. To achieve these objectives, we propose in this article a novel model that makes it possible to solve the problem of optimizing the lifespan and the manufacturing cost of new products during the phase of their design. The prediction of the life of the products is carried out by an energy damage method implemented on the Finite Element (FE) calculation by using the ABAQUS software. The manufacturing cost prediction is carried out by applying the ABC cost estimation analytical method. In addition, the optimization problem is solved by the method of genetic algorithms. The proposed model


As part of the energy design synthesis method, complex dynamic building simulation database was created with IDA ICE code for all family house building configurations for a considered problem. In this paper, the annual heat energy demand output parameter is considered to serve as basis of a building energy design investigation. The sensitivity analysis performed by Morris' elementary effect method was used. As the result of the sensitivity analysis of the output parameter, the most important input parameters can be identified, that influence the buildings' energy efficiency, that can support further building designs.


The mechanism of matrix-assisted resonant infrared laser ablation of frozen aqueous and methanol solutions of polyethylene glycol was investigated by time-resolved plume shadowgraphy and ablation yield measurements. A picosecond free-electron laser was tuned to two wavelengths resonant with the target matrixes, one (2940 nm) that is resonant with the −OH stretch in both liquid water and methanol and the other (3450 nm) that is resonant with the −CH stretch in methanol. The plume images showed gross similarities, differing only in the time required for the shockwave to appear and in the velocity of the shock front. Primary material ejection typically commences 15−25 μs after the ablation laser pulse arrives and lasts for hundreds of μs. In all three cases studied here, the ablation plume appears to consist entirely of vapor with no droplets or solid particles. The ablation yield is found to be linear in fluence for frozen methanol but quadratic in fluence for frozen water. This dependence can be understood...


Osteogenic protein-1(OP-1),also referred to as bone morphogenetic protein-7(BMP-7),has the effective osteoinduction.In reconstructive surgery of the hip,OP-1 could induce greater and earlier new bone formation,accelerate the incorporation of the graft and host-bone,and enfance the fixation of the plant.The characteristics in the molecular biology and it's application in reconstructive surgery of the hip was reviewed.


This study identifies the socio-economic factors that influence people's decision to become a fisherman using the logit model. Fisheries management experts recognize that the underlying causes of fisheries resource over-exploitation and coastal environmental degradation are often of social and economic in nature. Therefore the primary concerns of fisheries management, therefore, should address the relationship of fisheries resources to human welfare and the conservation of the resources. Addressing these issues provides not only a socially and politically accepted solution, but also a long term solution to fisheries management. It must also be recognized that the solution to the management of fisheries resources might not lie within the fisheries sector alone as the real causes of the problems might lie outside the fisheries sector. Therefore a multi-sectoral approach to development might be worth pursuing. This reduces dependence on natural resources for livelihood.


I am indebted to Professor A. C. Dornhorst, of St. George's Hospital, Dr. J. C. McEntee, of the Grove Hospital, Dr. Ursula James, of the Victoria Hospital for Children, and Dr. G. D. W. McKendrick, of St. Anne's Hospital, whose patients comprise the present study. I am also grateful to Professor S. D. Elek, Professor T. Crawford, and Professor A. C. Dornhorst for their interest and help in the construction of the paper, and to the Board of Governors of St. George's Hospital for the grant towards the carrying out of the work.


The conversations in chat rooms are the dynamics of a real conversation, but with the particularity to be held by typing, which makes it particularly well written. The linguistic homogeneity in a country is illusory and many differences in pronunciation, grammar and vocabulary are observable among the inhabitants. These are different ways of speaking and language variants may be typical of a certain region, age, a certain level of social and school, etc.. Thus, there is regional variability in linguistic and / or social. The language on the Internet stands as something in the current reality, reflecting the undoubted scientific and technological advancement, as well evidenced by the so-called social networks. The text types are intrinsic to this new virtual order, hence, a greatly characterization study of writing in cyberspace. Doutor em Linguistica UNESP/ARARAQUARA-SP). Professor Associado do IFMA III Seminario Linguagem e Identidades: multiplos olhares 2


In this work, we show our rule based technique to detect automatically the bi-gram compound word from the Malay standard document. Our scope for a compound word that has been detected in this work is a bi-gram compound for Noun Noun, Noun Adjective and Noun Verb combination. We identified some limitations on detection of Malay compound word with the existing methods that correspond to a structure of Malay sentences. Before the process of detection compound word was done, preprocessing task was applied to produce the list of compound word candidate. During the process of detecting compound word, we used dictionary-based and thesaurus information for applying Part of Speech (POS) tagging to tag for all the words in the selected Malay document. Then, after the tagging process, we modified several existing identification rule-based according to Malay grammar rules and the pattern of the sentences to increase the percentage of recall, precision and F1-Score. All the evaluation values were compared with the previous work. Testing was done on 3124 sentences taken from Utusan Melayu news. The result in average showed an improvement compared to previous research with precision of 93.8%, a recall of 31.1% and a F1-Score of 43.8%.


This paper investigated a technical method for rapidly producing Digital Ortho Image(DOM).Based on existing DOM,this method obtained the image control points and rectifying points by automatically registering,matching and block adjusting with new aerial image or satellite image,and then rectified the image using existing Digital Elevation Model.This paper also verified and analyzed the accuracy of various resolution images without filed control.


Education has been placed as a social, economic, political and cultural issue of global relevance. For this reason, several projects have been developed oriented towards the development, improvement and intervention in education. One of these projects is the model of the Fifth Dimension (5D) founded by Michael Cole, which was adapted and implemented in the hotbed of Educational Psychology of the Icesi University, calling it the "El Mohan club" project, with the main objective of generating an intervention that would contribute to the social demands of the Playhouse "La esperanza", a space located in Siloe with which we worked together, which provides the opportunity for many children from the Siloe community to attend to see classes, perform extracurricular activities and enjoy spaces with library, game rooms, among others. This document, reflective type, condenses the experiences resulting from the adaptation of the 5D model, which contain limitations, such as the conflict that was brewing among school children, the proposal of activities that were difficult to understand, but that were used to generate a better interaction, as well as concrete reflections of each activity.


The layout of the water diversion system for Silin Hydropower Station is "single diversion tunnel,single penstock and single trailrace tunnel for single turbine";in which the length of the pressure diversion conduit is 335 m,the pressure tailrace tunnel is 210 m long and the inertial time constant of the flow in the pressure conduit is 4.13 s.Under this condition,the problem of the backwater hammer in the tailrace tunnel is quite serious.So far as this is concerned,the design of the hydropower station with the cancellation of the conventional surge tank for the tailrace is discussed herein,which solves the problem from the backwater hammer for the long tailrace tunnel effectively through optimizing the parameters of the flow conduit system,the turbine and the governing system concerned.With this design,the stability of the hydraulic transient has met the requirement of the relevant specification,and then the safe and economic operation of the project has been guaranteed as well.


Ichthyosiform dermatoses are a group of hereditary disorders characterized by dryness and roughness of the skin with excessive accumulation of epidermal scales. Four main types of Ichthyosis are Ichthyosis vulgaris, x-linked recessive, lamellar ichthyosis and epidermolytic hyperkeratosis. Lamellar ichthyosis is the rarest form with an incidence of 1 in 3, 00,000. It has autosomal recessive inheritance. Ocular manifestations include exposure keratitis secondary to ectropion, unilateral megalocornea, and enlarged corneal nerve, and blepharitis, absence of the meibomian gland, trichiasis, madarosis and absence of lacrimal puncta. Ectropion of both upper and lower lids have been documented. We are reporting a rare case of lamellar ichthyosis with bilateral upper eyelid ectropion in a child.


This article sets out to analyse the organisation, syllabi, pedagogical tools and teaching methods in use in Spain at the beginning of the twentieth century by concentrating on one particular establishment. The aim of the authors is to assess to what extent the new school model, based on the grouping of students according to their level, was to modify the practices that were current under the monitorial system of the nineteenth century. The authors note a certain continuity produced by the weight of inertia affecting teaching objectives and teaching procedures for such fundamental subjects as Language and Arithmetic, conditioned by the fact that these were assessed through examinations. More modern and flexible methods can be seen at work, however, in other subject areas. A more complete curriculum with greater emphasis on morals and socialising procedures becomes an implicit element of the new model.


Devices and techniques for measuring and analyzing systolic time intervals and quantitative phonocardiograms were initiated during Apollo 17. The data show that the systolic time interval from Apollo 17 crewmen remained elevated longer postflight than the response criteria of heart rate, blood pressure, and percent change in leg volume all of which had returned to preflight levels by the second day postflight. Although the systolic time interval values were only slightly outside the preflight fiducial limits, this finding suggested that: the analysis of systolic time intervals may help to identify the mechanisms of postflight orthostatic intolerance by virtue of measuring ventricular function more directly and, the noninvasive technique may prove useful in determining the extent and duration of cardiovascular instability after long duration space flight. The systolic time intervals obtained on the Apollo 17 crewmen during lower body negative pressure were similar to those noted in patients with significant heart disease.


FIELD: machine building. SUBSTANCE: reactor contains a bed of catalyst, mixing and distributing device above the catalyst bed through which steady flow of liquid and gas phases is directed downwards. Mixing and distributing device includes chute distributor with channels in the form of chutes and drain tubes for liquid phase, also it includes distributor plate located under chute distributor with vertical pass checkers. Chute distributor is provided with holes for inlet of gas phase and holes under it for liquid phase delivery. Number and size of holes for liquid phase delivery provides the following: upon preset delivery of fluid level on distributor plate is below holes for gas phase inlet and above holes for liquid phase delivery. EFFECT: uniform distribution of gas and liquid phases and good transformation and selectivity of three-phase reaction. 20 cl, 1 dwg


The creation of vascularized engineered tissues of clinically relevant size is a major challenge of tissue engineering. While it is known that endothelial and mural vascular cells are integral to the formation of stable blood vessels, the specific cell types and optimal conditions for engineered vascular networks are poorly understood. To this end, we investigated the vasculogenic potential of human mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) populations derived from three different sources: (a) bone marrow aspirates; (b) perivascular cells from the umbilical cord vein; and (c) perivascular cells from the umbilical cord artery. Cell populations were isolated and identified as MSCs according to their phenotypes and differentiation potential. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were used as a standard for endothelial cells. A novel co‐culture system was developed to study cell–cell interactions in a spatially controlled three‐dimensional (3D) fibrin hydrogel model. Using microfluidic patterning, it was possible to localize hydrogel‐encapsulated HUVECs and MSCs within separate channels spaced at 500, 1000 or 2000 µm. All three MSC populations had similar expression profiles of mesenchymal cell markers and similar capacity for osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. However, bone marrow‐derived MSCs (but not umbilical vein or artery derived MSCs) showed strong distance‐dependent migration toward HUVECs and supported the formation of stable vascular networks resembling capillary‐like vasculature. The presented approach provides a simple and robust model to study the cell–cell communication of relevance to engineering vascularized tissues. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


A pragmatic approach to low-back pain including manual therapy and steroid injections : a multicentre study in primary health care


This paper presents a built-in self-test technique for phased arrays that applies code modulation to each element within the array to allow parallel in situ measurements and a built-in distribution network to allow injection or extraction of test signals. The aggregated test response is downconverted from radio-frequency or millimeter-wave frequencies using a direct (power) detector, resulting in a baseband interference signal composed of code-modulated complex cross correlations between all elemental signals. Using orthogonal code products, each cross correlation can be extracted from the interference signal, and then the full set of cross correlations can be used to obtain amplitude and phase data of each element. A four-element 60-GHz phased-array receiver front end that includes this code-modulated embedded test (CoMET) infrastructure has been fabricated in SiGe BiCMOS technology. The BIST overhead is less than 2% of the total die area. Comparisons between our built-in test technique and measurements using a vector network analyzer show that CoMET can be used to extract amplitude with 1 dB accuracy and phase with four degree accuracy. Furthermore, measurements confirm that CoMET can be used to extract the phase-step response of each element in parallel across all settings as well as phase offset introduced by the built-in test network.


In the paper, we analize discrete optimization problems with logical constraints based on integer linear programming models and L-partition approach. We obtain an upper bound for the power of any L-complex of the 2-SAT polytope. The use of this evaluation allows to solve some applied problems of designing complex products by these approaches much more efficiently.


The invention discloses a device for automatically glazing front and back sides of ceramics and aims at providing a device for automatically glazing front and back sides of ceramics with the advantages of capacity of realizing unmanned full-automatic operation, high production efficiency and low cost. The device comprises a rack, wherein a conveying mechanism, an inner glaze spraying control mechanism, an outer glaze spraying control mechanism and an output mechanism are sequentially arranged on the rack from bottom to top; the conveying mechanism is used for conveying the blank; the inner glaze spraying control mechanism is used for spraying glaze to the inner surface of the blank; the outer glaze spraying control mechanism is used for spraying glaze to the outer surface of the blank; the output mechanism is used for outputting the finished products; and the conveying mechanism, the inner glaze spraying control mechanism, the outer glaze spraying control mechanism and the output mechanism are connected to a controller.


Learner autonomy is a matter of explicit or conscious intention. Learners cannot accept responsibility for their own learning unless they have some ideas of what, why, and how they are trying to learn. This paper argues that learner autonomy may be promoted through strategy-based instruction. The intent of strategy-based instruction is to help all students become better language learners. When students begin to understand their own learning processes and can exert some control over these processes, they tend to take more responsibility for their own learning and become more autonomous. Teachers may conduct strategy-based instruction by complementing such activities as preparation, practice, evaluation and expansion.


Mother-to-child-transmission of HIV is the major cause of children's HIV infection,interventions to reduce intrauterine HIV infection vertical transmission includes primary prevention of HIV infection;prevention of unintended pregnancies among women living with HIV;prevention of HIV transmission from mothers living with HIV to their infants.Use of antiretroviral drugs,scheduled cesarean delivery and formula feeding can prevent transmission effectively.


Abstract We review the literature on the economics of climate change with a focus on the evolution of the literature from some of the early classic papers to the latest contributions. We divide the paper into three main sections: trends in greenhouse gas emissions, mitigation, and adaptation.


Objective To identify the eluted components made by column chromatography from sediments of Radix Glycytthizae and their anti-respiratory syncytial virus(RSV) activities in vitro.Methods The sediments were boiled with distilled water,precipitated with alcohol,and then eluted with distilled water through column chromatography with macroporous resins HPD722,HPD750 and D101.The toxicity and anti-RSV effect of eluted components and glycyrrhizic acid were determined in Hep-2 cells by MTT assay.Ribavirin was used as the positive control drug.Results The therapeutic indexes(TI=TC50/EC50) of HPD722 water component,HPD750 water component,D101 water component,glycyrrhizic acid and Ribavirin against RSV were 13.698,261.578,1.461,1.708 and 27.895,respectively.Conclusion The inhibition effects of Radix Glycytthizae sediments on RSV in Hep-2 cells are obvious,and HPD750 water component may be the most effective one and deserve to further study.


The paper examines the development of the Church's procedural law ordo iudiciarius in the period from the middle of the 12th century to the end of 13th century. By looking from the perspective of the defendant's right to a due process, the author aims to reveal circumstances for the formation of ordo iudiciarius and its main features in the stages when the opposing procedure models (accusatorial and inquisitorial) were applied in the Church courts.


This study reflects the development and transformation strategies of the anthropological situation in the context of technological progress. The change of the natural way of human existence to the technogenic method of communication leads to the formation of the image of «a virtual personality». The process of assimilation of natural and artificial takes place. Ethical alternatives of the human existence as a species within the Technosphere and the preservation of their humanistic imperative through the bodily projections of the personality are considered. Co-evolution of man and the Technosphere leads to a new way of their interaction and generates Technogenic Anthropology. The study of corporeality in various areas of human life is reflected in its ontological disclosure through the nominal classification: «biological body», «social body», «cultural body», and «virtual body». Plasticity is revealed as the main value and quality, which provides self-reflection in various forms of communication of modern man.


The "battle" between corporealists and idealists described in Plato's Sophist 245e6– 249d5 is of significance for understanding the philosophical function of the dramatic exchange between the Eleatic guest and Theaetetus, the dialogue's main interlocutors. Various features of this exchange indicate that the Eleatic guest introduces and discusses the dispute between corporealists and idealists in order to educate Theaetetus in ontological matters. By reading the discussion between Theaetetus and the Eleatic guest in the light of these features, one comes to see that the primary audience for the proposal advanced by the Eleatic guest in this passage, namely that being is power, is not any of the participants in the "battle," as has been commonly assumed, but Theaetetus himself—a fact to bear in mind in any viable interpretation of the passage.


Subject. The subject of this research is limited to identifying the qualitative characteristics of the International Concept of Integrated Reporting. These characteristics should comply with the with the qualitative characteristics of information described in the Conceptual Integrated Reporting Framework but are based on the basic principles of integrated reporting and define its content. Purpose. The purpose of the study is to prove the necessity to harmonize the requirements to the integrated reporting information. This information is defined in the International Standard of Integrated Reporting as basic principles. Meanwhile qualitative characteristics of information are of more dynamic nature and thus allow for consequent improvement of the information in question as the business accounting model which will form the content of integrated reporting is developed. Methodology. The methodology of the study of the qualitative characteristics of integrated reporting is based on the theory of Positive Economics, the theory of economic art, the theory of capital and the concept of sustainable development, which predetermine the information support of the processes of value creation when particular kinds of capitals of an organization are transformed in short, medium and long term periods. Results. In contrast to the qualitative characteristics of information set out in the Conceptual framework for financial reporting the article, when considering the qualitative characteristics of information in integrated reporting, focuses on the fact that the models of business accounting and integrated reporting are targeted on recording the results of the value creation over the time processes when particular kinds of capitals of an organization are transformed. This will require the new approaches to assessing the information, which should define the contents of an integrated report. The article attempts to convert the leading principles of integrated reporting into qualitative characteristics of information which may serve as a basis for making business accounting models of value creation and generating the integrated report. Conclusions. Qualitative characteristics of information in integrated reporting are more dynamic than the basic principles, which can and must be constantly refined and improved in the process of creating a model of business accounting and forming integrated reports on its basis.


The problems that exist in the processing of zakat data in the Jami Al Ahzab Mosque are the absence of a computerized system for the initial input process to the final process of making reports, it is certainly very risky because it is easy for an unintentional human error to occur by the zakat committee at the Jami Al Ahzab Mosque. Therefore, the author's idea emerged to make this scientific work to help develop and create a computerized system for the Jami Al Ahzab Mosque named. So that the entire process of inputting zakat data will be more effective, neat, fast, efficient


Objective
To analyze the effect, the complication rate and the preoperative mobility of sleeve gastrectomy (SG) and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) for the treatment of obesity.

Methods
Electronic literature search was performed on Pubmed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wangfang database using "obesity surgery" "bariatric surgery" "sleeve gastrectomy" "Roux-en-Y gastric bypass" for Chinese and English studies. Finally9 studies were included.

Results
Among the 9 studies, a total of 539 cases were reported, including 244 patients in the SG group, 295 patients in the RYGB group. Meta analysis showed RYGB had a significant advantage in the aspect of body weight. But no significant difference was found in the BMI, %EWL, HbA1c, the incidence of complications, the improvement of T2DM, and there is no mobility in perioperative time.

Conclusions
Sleeve gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass could be considered as great choices for treating obesity.

Key words:
SG; RYGB; Obesity; Meta analysis


A methodology of a digital twin modelling as a real physical object computer prototype, which is considered an electric heater, is proposed. The methodology allows to synthesize a discrete mathematical model due to the air heating process passive identification in an electric heater. The analysis of the electric heater mathematical model uncertain parameters is carried out and the integral quality indicator for the assessment of the dynamic model adequacy in the process of air heating is proposed. To adapt the electric heater dynamic model, the algorithm for passive identification of uncertain parameters has been developed, where the deviations of the model uncertain coefficients in the process of air heating are minimized. The examples show that the identification of the dynamic model uncertain coefficients should be classified as a one-extremes optimization problem. Numerical results confirmed the proposed methodology effectiveness for the modelling digital twin of electric heater for cyber-physical systems of industrial enterprises. The considered examples illustrate the proposed technique for modelling a digital twin using the applied modelling package MatLAB is an effective and convenient tool for the rational creation of cyber-physical systems.


Among the numerous biomass sources possible to be used for energy purposes, lignocellulosic residues of coffee plantations are highlighted. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of waste processing of coffee beans in pellet production for the generation of thermal energy, and classify them regarding marketability, using Standard DIN EN 14961-6. The pellets were produced considering the following composition (based on weight): 100% coffee hulls; 100% silver skin; 50% coffee hulls and 50% silver skin; 70% coffee hulls and 30% eucalyptus sawdust and 70% silver skin and 30% eucalyptus sawdust. Fresh biomass moisture was quantified, as well as bulk density and energy densities. For the pellets, physical and energetic properties (moisture, unit density, bulk density, heating values and energy densities) were evaluated, as well as chemical properties (volatile materials, ash and fixed carbon) and mechanical properties (resistance to diametral compression, fines content and durability). Waste processing of coffee beans can be transformed into granulated solid biofuels for the generation of heat energy. Coffee hull pellets, silver skin, coffee hulls with silver film and coffee hulls with wood can be marketed and exported to the European Union, following the requirements of Standard DIN EN 14961-6.


Objective To explore the value of real-time three-dimensional echocardiography(RT-3DE)in diagnosis of mitral valve cleft(MVC).Methods Seventeen patients with two-dimensional echocardiography diagnosed MVC underwent RT-3DE in left ventricular long-axis and short-axis.RT-3DE images were analyzed in three planes:Coronal,sagittal,horizontal plane and six directions to diagnose the specific location,and the width and depth of MVC were measured,the space relationship between the cleft and other structures was observed.Results RT-3DE image clearly displayed the location,the width and depth of mitral valve cleft,the changing of width with cardiac cycle,as well as the space relationship among chordae,papillary muscle and artery.Conclusion RT-3DE can provide more specific basis in diagnosis of mitral valve cleft,and is important in decisions regarding mitral valve surgery.


Background: Due to tight scheduling and limitedbudget, it may not be possible to resolve all the existing bugsin a current release of a software product. The accumulation ofthe deferred bugs in the issue tracking system are obligations (liabilities) of the software team similar to financial analogyof 'debt'. Defect debt is known as latent defects which arenot resolved in the current release. Aim: In order to managethe defect debt, software managers need to be aware of theamount of debt (principal) as well as the price of the credit (interest) in their system. There are no studies in the literature tomeasure the principal or interest of defect debt. In this study, wepropose a novel approach to identify the interest of defect debt. Methodology: We developed a heuristic to specify the interestbased on three metrics: PageRank index, customer feedback andbug fixing duration. In order to investigate the feasibility of ourheuristic, we employ it to two datasets that are extracted fromboth open source and commercial software products. We validatethe heuristic using two metrics: the severity/priority of bugs, andthe duration of bug fixing time. Result: The results show that 24%and 18% of the deferred bugs are high and medium impact bugsin project 1 and project 2, respectively.


AbstractMajor river flooding affected the United Kingdom in late September 2012 as a slow-moving extratropical cyclone brought over 150 mm of rain to parts of northern England and north Wales. The cyclone deepened over the United Kingdom on 24–26 September as a potential vorticity (PV) anomaly approached from the northwest, elongated into a PV streamer, and wrapped around the cyclone. The strength and position of the PV anomaly is modified in the initial conditions of Weather Research and Forecasting Model simulations, using PV surgery, to examine whether different upper-level forcing, or different phasing between the PV anomaly and cyclone, could have produced an even more extreme event. These simulations reveal that quasigeostrophic (QG) forcing for ascent ahead of the anomaly contributed to the persistence of the rainfall over the United Kingdom. Moreover, weakening the anomaly resulted in lower rainfall accumulations across the United Kingdom, suggesting that the impact of the event might be proportio...


Introduction: The Harbinger region is located at 25.71°N, 44.47°W (Fig. 1) between Oceanus Procellarum and Mare Imbrium [1-5]. It exhibits a mixture of volcanic deposits and features, including the youngest mare flood basalt [6] – similar to nearby Aristharcus Plateau (AP), but within a much smaller area. Harbinger also provides access to a km-high (traversable?) cross-section of ancient pre-mare materials. Here we briefly describe the geology of the Harbinger region, provide our interpretations of new data, and map out potential landing sites for future missions. Harbinger provides and opportunity to address most lunar scientific goals [7], particularly those concerning volcanism, internal activity, dating, and impact processes. Methodology: Lunar Orbiter, Apollo and Clementine images were used for morphological analysis, and Clementine and Lunar Prospector spectral data for mineralogy [see also 8]. Kaguya LALT provided topographic data. Due to its 1.875 km resolution and the interpolation required for the gridded DTM, elevations show only general trends. Smallscale roughness undetected by LALT contributes to real traversability. Geological setting: The roughly 150x150 km Harbinger region lies on a gentle N-NE-facing slope within a complex geological setting in the middle of nearside maria. Compositionally the Harbinger region varies within a small area, representing a location where multiple unsampled lava types can potentially be found, and is a likely candidate site for KREEP volcanism [8]. [1-3] give thorough overviews and interpretations of the region. Montes Harbinger, a series of 0.5–2.0 km high remnant highland massifs, interpreted to be covered with pyroclastic materials [e.g., 9], surround an area of hummocky terrain that forms a plateau roughly 50–100 m higher than the surrounding mare plains [1-5]. This "Harbinger plateau" (HP) extends SE of the Montes via "islands" of hummocky unit in a mare region, bounded by a prominent wrinkle ridge (Figs. 1 and 2a). In effect, the plateau is (on) a gentle rise, possibly related to local magmatic activity. The SW end of HP is occupied by the 49-km crater Prinz, suggesting that some of the hummocky plateau may be ejecta. Prinz's inner rim provides a km-thick cross-section of the pre-impact materials. No layering in the crater wall has yet been identified. The Prinz rims have generally steep 7–15° slopes. There is an exception on the northernmost part, which is only 200 m high with 1.2–2.2° slopes (Fig. 3). This break was caused by an impact of a cluster of Aristharcus ejecta or a small primary impactor onto the rim, and may have been intensified by mass wasting.


Objective To investigate the effect of hypertonic-hyperoncotic solution (HHS) on CD11b expression on the surface of human neutrophils which are stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vitro. Methods Neutrophils were isolated from fresh peripheral venous blood of healthy volunteers aged 20-4oyr find incubated with LPS 100 ng/ml al 37℃ in 5% CO2 incubator for 15, 30, 60min, 4, 12 or 24h. HHS was prepared with 10%NaCl and 10% hydroxyethyl starch. Neutrophils were incubated with 0.25% or 0.5%HHS for 10min, 1h or 4h. Some of the HHS treated neutrophils were further subjected to LPS stimulation for 30 mm. CDllb on the surface of neutrophils were measured by using immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. Results CD11b expression on neutrophils increased significantly after being exposed to LPS for 15min (P0.05) and reached its peak level at 30min and then remained unchanged. HHS prevented the up-regulation of CDllb expression induced by LPS. The inhibition was irrelated to the concentration of and time of exposure to HHS. Conclusion The up-regulation of CDllb expression on neutrophil induced by LPS stimulation is rapid. It can reach its peak level in a short time. HHS does not alter CD11b expression but prevents the LPS-induced up-regulation.


Rastrelliger kanagurta, Selar crumenophthalmus, Decapterus russelli and Amblygaster sirm were the dominant small pelagic fishes in Hinatuan Passage contributing 32% of the total production in the area. This paper presents the status of these four dominant small pelagic fishes as to their abundance, seasonality, length frequency distribution and population parameters relevant to the management and sustainability of the fishery resources in the area. Results show that commercial Danish seines, Ring nets, Bagnets and municipal multiple hook and lines and Drift gillnets, were the main gears exploiting these four small pelagic fishes. It was shown further in the analysis of fish samples that these gears caught an average of 77% immature fish which did not even reach its length at first maturity, though the growth rate (K) and length infinity (Loo) vary by species. The present level of exploitation rates ranged from 0.4-0.84 which is an indication of biological overfishing.


As the values of theoretical calculation for ultimate bearing capacity of piles are quite different from the actual measured values,with the unified strength theory and considering the compatibility condition between piles and soil,the theoretical calculation formula for ultimate bearing capa-city of piles has been put forward involving the following factors such as regarding the soil around single pile reinforced area as a long thick-walled cylinder and considering the lateral ultimate binding pressure which soil can exert on pile.Furthermore,the influence factors such as intermediate principal stress,the length of pile and the internal friction angle of lime-soil pile are illustrated according with an actual project and the values calculated by the formula are in good accordance with the actual measured values of ultimate bearing capacity of piles.The results show that the intermediate principal stress has great impact on the lateral ultimate binding pressure which soil can exert on piles.The solution with consideration of the intermediate principal stress has the positive effect on the ultimate strength of soil.And the value of ultimate bearing capacity of piles increases with the increase of the length of piles or with the increase of the internal friction angle of lime-soil.


This paper presents a project for linguistic extraction, analysis, and annotation of the language of ancient Greek bibliographic references. The goal is the production of a structured knowledge resource about ancient Greek authors and works (i.e., names of authors and titles/descriptions of works with variants and ambiguities in the original contextual language). The project makes use of methods and technologies from NLP and computational linguistics. In particular, it applies NER for semi-automatic extraction and annotation of entities related to bibliographic references to ancient Greek authors and works.


The design capacity of a water supply plant in Shaanxi Province is 4×104 m3/d.In order to make the finished water meet the requirement of the Standards for Drinking Water Quality(GB 5749-2006),a renovation and expansion project was decided to be conducted.A combined process of in-line mixer,micro-vortex coagulation and sedimentation tank,V-type lamella settler,D-filter,UV and chlorine disinfection would be used,and an emergency system for potassium permanganate preparing and dosing was taken into consideration to ensure the safety of water supply.


Thin-walled square columns are generally used as impact energy absorber in automotive structures due to their ease of fabrication and installation, high energy absorption capacity in terms of progressive plastic deformation and long stroke. However, the main drawback of standard square column is the high initial peak force. An external tapered plunger is proposed to overcome this shortcoming while at the same time, improving the impact performance. Static and dynamic axial crushing were performed by theoretical and finite element analysis to determine the initial peak force (IPF), crush force efficiency (CFE) and plastic specific energy absorption (SEA) of columns with external plunger of various taper angles. The simulations results were validated by experiments. It was found that the external plunger significantly enhanced the column impact performance and the deformation characteristics as well. Comparison with plain square column was carried out and it was found that the concentric plunger reduced the initial peak force and increased the crush force efficiency for both static and dynamic loading conditions.


A proprietary imaging system designed to detect residual tumor tissue in breast cancer patients by identifying microscopic residual cancer in the tumor bed. The LUM Imaging System consists of the cancer imaging agent LUM015 and a hand-held fluorescence-based imager that detects the emission of activated LUM015 in and around a tumor. The LUM Imaging System is designed to detect microscopic residual cancer cells in real-time.


The structure of multi-layer shielding materials was designed based on the analysis of fillers' complex permittivity and complex permeability,in order to improve shielding effectiveness in frequency less than 1.5GHz .The electromagnetic parameters of modified short carbon fiber and modified nickel were measured.The multi-layer shielding paints based on modified carbon fibers and nickels were prepared.The results showed that the analysis of fillers' electromagnetic parameter redounded to optimize multilayer design.Impedance matching and higher SE may be realized by adjusting fillers,using different layers,according to electromagnetic parameter.Compared with monolayer film,the SEmax of multi-layer films,reached to 30.5dB,increased about 5.31dB in frequency less than 1.5GHz.


To study the load transfer mechanism,failure pattern and vertical bearing capacity of a new-type composite pile formed by inserting a precast concrete pile into a cement mixing pile,the present paper analyzes the distribution of axial force and side resistance of a composite pile and the factors influencing the bearing capacity of a composite pile from using experimental Q-S and limit bearing capacity and axial strain.The findings indicate that load is transferred from the precast concrete pile to the cement soil and then from the cement soil to the soil around the pile,effectively utilizing the side resistance.The high bearing capacity is mainly due to the solidification effect of the cement soil,the pressing soil effect and the load transfer of the precast concrete pile.A composite pile has higher vertical bearing capacity and low cost,and thus is advantageous for soft ground.


Every year many patients are affected by adverse drug events that result from the complication of drug therapy. Drug-Drug Interactions (DDIs) are an expected subtype of adverse drug events. Most potential DDIs are preventable, but it remains a significant problem to patients and the health care system. Among the risk factors associated to DDIs include older age, comorbidities, polypharmacy and hospital stay for long time. DDIs are a considerable clinical problem in the hospitalized cardiac patients, cancer patients, hypertensive patients, and patients with immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections. Best management of DDIs involves the assessment of the interaction; decision to prescribe, dispense, or manage the interacting combination; follow-up monitoring and suitable patient counseling. Different studies were performed to detect and avoid DDIs. Different strategies have been introduced to reduce and prevent the risk of DDIs through the improvement of labeling on metabolic profile for new drugs and serious drug-drug and drug -gene combination, determination the effect of new guideline on product labeling changes for elderly patient and patients with polypharmacy. In clinical practice pharmacist can use good information sources; clinicians can use screening software for the detection and management of DDIs; consumers and patients can use decision support systems for potential DDIs and medication reconciliation should be considered by healthcare professionals to reduce medication error.