Research & Occasional Paper Series: CSHE.13.13 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY http://cshe.berkeley.edu/ TAILORING SHARED GOVERNANCE TO THE NEEDS AND OPPORTUNITIES OF THE TIMES November 2013 C. Judson King Center for Studies in Higher Education University of California, Berkeley ABSTRACT Copyright 2013 C. JUDSON KING, all rights reserved Shared governance between the administration and faculty has been traditional for most public universities, but varies considerably in its nature and effectiveness. In the United States it probably takes its most structured form at the University of California. There are good reasons for having shared governance, and yet it tends to be poorly understood outside the university environment and to cause substantial tensions within the university itself. Several trends and issues are identified that pose both significant challenges and substantial opportunities for shared governance. Ways of addressing these and advancing the efficacy of shared governance are put forward and assessed. Keywords: Shared Governance, Academic Senate, Faculty Participation, University Governance INTRODUCTION Shared governance is a feature of many universities in the western world, particularly public universities. In the United States the term implies that the administration of the university and the faculty share governance through means such as consultation, advice and even direct delegation of certain roles and decisions to the faculty. For this purpose there is typically a faculty organization, most often known as an Academic Senate. The purpose of this paper is to review the value of shared governance, to identify areas that present issues with regard to shared governance, and to examine a number of ways, primarily structural and procedural, by which shared governance can be made most effective. Although my 50+ years of experience have been as a faculty member and administrator at the University of California, I am writing about shared governance in general, rather than specifically about the University of California. My recommendations do not imply what is or is not currently done at the University of California, although I do cite examples from the University of California by virtue of my own experience. My primary intended audiences are those in faculty senates and university administrations at any institution who would like to make shared governance more effective, as well as anyone who would like to develop a better understanding of shared governance. The Value of Shared Governance In research universities members of the faculty are selected and rewarded on the bases of their creativity and knowledge of particular subjects. The faculty as a whole is a body of wide and deep expertise, which is in itself useful in many aspects of governance. Further, it is the members of the faculty who are most familiar with the academic needs and opportunities in their specific disciplines and sub-disciplines. The reputation of a university is essentially the sum of the reputations of the individual faculty members. The faculty is also the continuing body of a university, with members often having faculty careers of forty years or more. Members of the faculty are thereby invested in the university, and have concerns both about the viability and stature of the university and about the ways in which the university enables and supports their own careers. Shared governance is a way of involving the faculty systemically in the governance of universities, enabling the faculty to maintain the high academic standards of a university, reaping their very substantial knowledge and creativity in connection with governance, and increasing their senses of allegiance and ownership. Effective academic senates have also lessened drives towards faculty unionism.


This study proposes a method for the real-time detection and recognition of targets in streetscape videos. The proposed method is based on separation confidence computation and scale synthesis optimization. First, on the basis of generalization in transfer learning, we combine a fine-tuning method suitable for non-convex optimization and adaptive moment estimation in high-dimensional space. Then, we dynamically adjust the learning rates of parameters on the basis of first and second gradient moment estimations. We establish the framework and implementation steps of the proposed method by organically combining regular term super-parameter generalization and hard-example mining technology. We use the proposed method to detect and recognize targets in streetscape videos with high frame rates and high definition. Furthermore, we experimentally demonstrate that the accuracy and robustness of our proposed method are superior to those of conventional methods.


The principle and correlative technique of applying volume graphics to analyzing and rendering groundwater resources, are described. And aiming at application objects, the process of developing a three_dimensional visualization system of ground water resources and its basic functions, are expounded.


A young programmer falls for a humanoid robot, but is the feeling mutual? In Ex Machina, a young programmer named Caleb finds himself falling for the humanoid robot Ava. But is the feeling mutual? Reviewer Rosalind Picard isn't so sure. Still, she applauds the fact that director Alex Garland has obviously done some homework on the science of emotions and artificial intelligence.


Objective To observe the effect on type 2 diabetes mellitus the hypoglycemia during night and the hyperglycemia reactivel y at early morning, and the effect on the insulin sensibility by supplement ener gy slow-release nutritive medium before retiring.Methods 40 selected T2DM patients were divided into 2 group s according to supplement (group B) or not supplement (group A) the energy slow- release nutritive medium (100 kcal) before retiring for 14 days. During the 14 d ays, the overall study objects would be detected the blood glucose (BG) at time 22∶00, 24∶00, 3∶00, 7∶00, and observed t he incidence of night hypoglycemia. The overall study objects would be detected BG and insulin of fasting level and postprandial (after meal 2h) level at 1st, 7 th, 14th days, To calculate the insulin sensibility index (ISI ) and insulin sec retion function index (IS).Results In adjustment phase the BG at 3∶00AM of g roup A was lower significantly than that of group B (P0.05), but the BG at 7∶00 AM was higher significantly than that of group B (P0.05 ). To ISI and IS, there were no significantly change in group A. But in group B , both the ISI and IS have a significantly elevation at 14th days converses with the 1st day (P0.05). The same was availability when conversed with grou p A.Conclusion That supplement energy slow-release nutritive me dium before retiring (equivalency 5%~10% of whole day must intake energy) can p revent and cure the incidence of night hypoglycemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients during poly-hypodermic injection of insulin therapy, and to some extent can improve the insulin secretional function and the insulin sensibility.


Advances in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) technologies have enabled the development of biologically inspired swarms or fleets of UAVs that collaboratively achieve common mission objectives such as in surveillance and remote sensing applications. Typically, such swarms comprise of homogeneous UAVs that are developed using same techniques to serve the same purpose. However, the recent proliferation of UAV development by numerous research and commercial entities, using varied machine learning models to serve diverse purposes, has induced the need to rethink swarm development using heterogeneous UAVs that can adapt and achieve common objectives despite differences in their design and associated intelligence. In this paper, we present a novel approach to develop swarms of heterogeneous UAVs as System-of-Systems (SoS), and enabling behavioral evolution and adaptation of constituent UAVs through Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithms. The proposed approach involves SoS-Constituent System Measures Of Effectiveness Relationship (SSMR) model that correlates the Measures Of Effectiveness (MOEs) for the SoS with the MOEs of the constituent system UAVs. By formulating the SSMR as the reward mechanism of RL, our approach incorporates an Intelligent-Behavior Evolution Agent with the necessary constraints to learn to maximize the SoS and system-level MOEs, while adapting itself to the evolution in the swarm SoS. The initial experimental results indicate that our approach adequately trains these independent agents to be used in heterogeneous swarms.


A general two-step procedure for the synthesis of metallotripyrrinates TrpyMOAcf with M = Co(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) and Pd(II), and OAcf = trifluoroacetate, is described, starting from well-known monopyrrolic precursors and simple transition metal acetates. X-ray structural investigations were undertaken on four different complexes, and the results reveal, that the nature of the metal ion, rather than the ligand, determines the coordination geometry of these porphyrin fragment complexes. The finding of pseudotetrahedral and strained pseudoplanar coordination polyhedra at the metal centres makes a clear distinction between metalloporphyrins and metallotripyrrins and shows the latter to be related to some recently discovered metal chelates of macrocyclic porphyrin analogues.


University Honors Capstone Project Paper and Poster, University of Minnesota Duluth, 2019. Kellsey Clark authored paper and poster; Wendy Anderson authored poster. Faculty Mentor: Wendy Anderson.


This invention makes it possible, with high specificity, to detect the presence or absence of Escherichia coli regardless of pathogenicity while simultaneously detecting the presence or absence of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli that causes foodborne illness. In this method for detecting Escherichia coli, in which enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli and Escherichia coli (including enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli) are detected simultaneously, using a template consisting of genome DNA extracted from a sample, multiplex PCR is used to simultaneously amplify a DNA fragment containing the uridine monophosphate kinase gene (pyrH) of Escherichia coli, a DNA fragment containing the verotoxin 1 gene (vtx1) of Escherichia coli, and a DNA fragment containing the verotoxin 2 gene (vtx2) of Escherichia coli. By detecting the presence or absence of each amplification product, the presence or absence of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli in the sample and the presence or absence of Escherichia coli in the sample are detected simultaneously.


A stereoscopic image display includes a depth map extracting unit for extracting a region of interest (ROI) and a depth map from a 3D input image, an average depth for calculating unit calculating an average depth of the ROI, a depth map adjusting unit, which converts the average depth of the ROI into a screen depth value of a display panel, shifts depth values of the 3D input image in a shift direction of the average depth by a shifted amount of the average depth of the ROI, and adjusts a depth map of the 3D input image, a left/right eye image producing unit for producing left eye image data and right eye image data based on the adjusted depth map, and a display panel driver for displaying the left eye image data and the right eye image data on the display panel.


Recession rates for unconsolidated bluffs at 23 sites along Lake Michigan's southeast shore are compared with deep water wave energy probabilities to estimate the relative degradational importance of recurrent 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100-year storms. Recession rates are based on measured bluff crest retreat while wave energies are calculated using standard water wave theory and data interpolated from a meteorologically based hindcast model. Correlation and regression tests suggest the following: (1) although wave energy is certainly a destructive factor, it explains less than half of the variation in bluff crest recession, supporting the interpretation that shorezone erosion here results from the interaction of numerous factors; and (2) over long time periods the total effect of more frequent moderate intensity storms is greater than that from rare, especially high energy events.


The Regional Forced Displacement Monitoring System is in charge of documenting and disseminating information about the scope and causes of this phenomenon in Central America. It emphasizes the importance of data collection, demographic information, and access to rights for populations internally displaced as a result of widespread violence, in order to design policy and program proposals that attend to the needs of those displaced and that protect their rights within applicable legal frameworks.


CILAS, subsidiary of Airbus Defense and Space, develops, manufactures and sales laser-based optronics equipment for defense and homeland security applications. Part of its activity is related to active systems for threat detection, recognition and identification. Active surveillance and active imaging systems are often required to achieve identification capacity in case for long range observation in adverse conditions. In order to ease the deployment of active imaging systems often complex and expensive, CILAS suggests a new concept. It consists on the association of two apparatus working together. On one side, a patented versatile laser platform enables high peak power laser illumination for long range observation. On the other side, a small camera add-on works as a fast optical switch to select photons with specific time of flight only. The association of the versatile illumination platform and the fast optical switch presents itself as an independent body, so called "flash module", giving to virtually any passive observation systems gated active imaging capacity in NIR and SWIR.


This paper aims to demonstrate the relevance of the pay-off method to making management investment decisions under uncertainty. The success of the pay-off method as a replacement for the currently used option pricing algorithms was demonstrated by informing thirteen option pricing models with the same basic inputs and by comparing the mean option price obtained with the pay-off value. Everything else equal, the pay-off method demonstrated to be a useful tool to management uncertainty due to its mathematical simplicity and the possibility to embed scenario planning into the real option valuation. These benefits should make the use of real option thinking more relevant to management investment decisions under uncertainty.


SUBTITLE: BURT RUTAN'S CHUBBY SPACESHIPONE PROVED THAT BIG GOVERNMENT ISN'T NECESSARY TO LAUNUCH THE PUBLIC INTO SPACE -- BIG DREAMS, PRIVATE DOLLARS, BEING AN INNOVATIVE AERONAUTICAL ENGINEER AND BRAVE TEST PILOT DID IT. LOOKS LIKE THE WORLD'S FIRST PASSENGER-CARRYING SPACELINE IS IMMINENT.


A bs t r ac t Introduction and Objectives: Among all the known tendinopathies plantar fasciitis and tennis elbow account for most cases.Corticosteroid injections considered the treatment of choice for tendinopathies. Emerging therapeutic modalities is the use of platelet rich plasma for tendinopathies having the advantage of being autologous and concentrated that are rich in growth factor proteins. The study was done to find the efficacy of these two modalities. Materials and Methods: The study was done at Rajarajeshwari Medical College and Hospital, satisfying the inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria. In this study, 3 ml of the extracted PRP or 40 mg of prednisolone was injected into the affected area. Postintervention pain and functional assessment at 2 weeks, 6 weeks, 3 months and 6 months with visual analogue score and ankle hind foot scale and foot and ankle disability index score. Results: The age in our study was 18 to 55 years, the mean in the steroid group was 37. 3 and in the PRP group was 37.43, right side was most commonly involved 52%. In both the groups there was significant difference in the VAS scores p<0.001 from the time of presentation to the first follow up in both the groups this further improved at the second follow up significant difference p<0.001 after which it remained constant, between the two group s there was no difference with a chi-squares p valueless than 0.05 at all times. In both the groups there was significant difference p<0.001 from the time of presentation to the first follow up in both the groups FADI score. Interpretation and Conclusion: PRP has better effect pain in patients with longer duration as compared to local steroids but the difference is not statistically significant. The making of PRP is cumbersome but the patients did prefer to steroids due to the adverse effects.


A PCB coaxial transmission line of low coupling noise is characterized in that a strip line conductor strip is arranged in the center between two ground layers, shielding body conductor structures connected with the two ground layers are added at the two sides of the strip line conductor strip symmetrically, and the two ground layers and the two shielding body conductor structures define the coaxial transmission line of which the cross-section is rectangular. The shielding conductors are added at the two sides of the strip line conductor strip symmetrically to form the PCB rectangular coaxial transmission line, thereby restraining the coupling noise. The PCB rectangular coaxial transmission line can reduce the line-to-line coupling noise to be less than millesimal of that of a strip line, and the influence of the thickness change of the shielding bodies on an inhibitory effect is small.


In our paper, we would like to compare the higher education admission systems of two neighboring Central European countries, those of Hungary and Slovakia. We found this comparison particularly interesting because, in Slovakia, most universities admit applicants without an entrance exam, based on their grades from high school (sometimes even without taking into account school leaving exam results). Universities define their admission re-quirements themselves and make decisions on which of the applicants they wish to give an opportunity to locally. There are no central quotas defined. A given student who applies to 3 universities might get 3 different results in the respective application processes and theoret-ically can parallelly get accepted by several institutions. In such a case, in Slovakia, the stu-dent concerned must make the decision where to study in the possession of the exact infor-mation about his choices.In contrast, Hungary has a centralized admission system under which high school students are admitted to the higher education system via a transparent points system. The number of points is calculated based on study points (a maximum of 200 points), school leaving exam points (a maximum of 200 points) and additional points (a maximum of 100 points). Under this system, students must define which institution they would prefer as early as the time of application; if they are accepted, they cannot change the priorities afterwards.We were seeking to find out what differences arise in the number of students accepted into a university as a result of the application of these two systems. To find out, we have assessed data from the given academic years about the number of students who finished high school and the number of those who were accepted into one of the higher education institutions. We used data from the Central Statistical Office (Hungary), the Ministry of Education (Slo-vakia) and Eurostat.


【Objective】Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) is an effective treatment for intractable angina. However, restenosis of the grafted saphenous vein conduits significantly limit the benefit obtained from the surgery due to neointima formation .We evaluated the effects of angiotensin Ⅱ receptor antagonist on proliferation of angiotensin Ⅱinduced human saphenous vein smooth muscle cell in vitro. 【Methods】Human saphenous vein segments were obtained from nine patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting. The segment of each patient′s saphenous vein was assigned randomly to five groups. All segments were cultured in fetal bovine serum (FBS). After 14 days, the saphenous vein segments were harvested, sliced into 4 μm sections, stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and Masson. The level of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was detected by immunohistochemistry. The apoptosis of smooth muscle cell was determined with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase biotin -dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) procedure. 【Results】Cultured saphenous vein segments developed significant neointimal formation and marked smooth muscle cell proliferation (P 0.05). The average neointimal thickness index of proliferation and the amount of PCNA in the Valsartan group and Valsartan plus Ang Ⅱgroup were significantly lower than AngⅡ group (P 0.05); and the percentage of apoptosis cells of the two groups was significantly higher than that of AngⅡgroup (P 0.05). 【Conclusion】Vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and neointimal formation can be inhibited with the administration of Valsartan. The results suggest that valsartan may be a new promising drug for clinical preventing the restenosis after coronary artery bypass surgery.


Neuronal cell death after general anesthesia has been documented in several immature animal models. The possibility of anesthesia-induced neurotoxicity during an uneventful anesthetic in neonates or infants has led to serious questions about the safety of pediatric anesthesia. However, the applicability of animal data to clinical anesthesia remains uncertain. In this review, the evidence of the effects of commonly used anesthetics on neural structures and neurocognitive function in newborn humans and animals. Experimental evidences and human studies were reviewed. A growing number of studies in immature animal models demonstrate degenerative effects of several anesthetics on neuronal structure. Several retrospective reviews evaluating neurocognitive function in children demonstrate temporary neurological sequela after prolonged anesthetic exposure in young children and larger studies identify long-term neurodevelopmental impairment after neonatal surgery and anesthesia. The evidence for anesthesia induced neurodegeneration in animal models is compelling and represent the challenge within the practice of pediatric anesthesiology, however, extends well beyond pediatric anesthesiology because the implicated drugs are widely used in a variety of settings of newborn and young children around the world. No data source until now is


This thesis studies Part 3 of the Local Government (Building & Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1993 (Tas), which is the prevailing legislation for subdivision in Tasmania. As such, Part 3 plays an important role in Tasmania's planning regulatory system. That system is currently the subject of significant reform. The reform program does not, however, include a review of Part 3. The study undertaken by this thesis conducts a limited review of Part 3 and that study and review is informed by theory as to the effectiveness of regulation. Regulatory theorists identify review of regulation as an important means of ensuring it is effective. Such review serves to identify issues that detract from the effectiveness of regulation and is a means by which regulation may be refined and remain relevant and efficient. This study notes issues that reduce the effectiveness of Part 3 as regulation of subdivision in Tasmania. Those issues include out-dated, unclear language, provisions that reflect now redundant policy, and cumbersome procedures.
This study also raises other broader and more far-reaching issues. The lack of integration of Part 3 into the planning system established under the Land Use Planning and Approvals Act 1993 (Tas) has implications for the ability of Tasmania's planning system to operate as a cohesive and integrated whole. This examination also highlights the uneasy interaction between subdivision regulation as part of a planning system founded in public policy and the Torrens land registration system that is focused on the registration of paramount interests in land. This study of Part 3 Local Government (Building & Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1993 (Tas) calls attention to the complexities that arise from that interaction and points to some of the implications of failing to adequately address them.


In Human-AI collaborative settings that are inherently interactive, direction of communication plays a role in how users perceive their AI partners. In an AI-driven cooperative game with partially observable information, players (be it the AI or the human player) require their actions to be interpreted accurately by the other player to yield a successful outcome. In this paper, we investigate social perceptions of AI agents with various directions of communication in a cooperative game setting. We measure subjective social perceptions (rapport, intelligence, and likeability) of participants towards their partners when participants believe they are playing with an AI or with a human and the nature of the communication (responsiveness and leading roles). We ran a large scale study on Mechanical Turk (n=199) of this collaborative game and find significant differences in gameplay outcome and social perception across different AI agents, different directions of communication and when the agent is perceived to be an AI/Human. We find that the bias against the AI that has been demonstrated in prior studies varies with the direction of the communication and with the AI agent.


Abstract : The objective of the program was to explore a concept for a safe, reliable, general purpose, low cost, electronic, safing and arming (S&A) system for use in projectiles, mortars, rockets, and other munition fuzes. Specific tasks included: requirements definition, system analysis, and design, fabrication and testing of breadboard model hardware of the electronic S&A device. The electronic S&A device consists of an explosive barrier module (EBM) explosive barrier module (EBM) explosive train element based on a concept patented by HDL, environmental sensor elements, and an interconnecting processing electronics element. The electronic S&A will remain safe prior to launch of the munition, thereafter it will sense the launch environments, delay the arming to safe separation from the launcher and sequentially energize the EBM to move the explosive train into the armed position. The resultant electronic S&A is deemed to be a feasible approach to a general purpose method of safing and arming electronic fuzes of the future. However, much development work remains to be done to perfect various elements of the design.


Analytical results for a linear transmitter with correlate d multiplicative and additive Gaussian white noises are given. These results agree with those o btained previously by a different approach. The presence of correlations acts destructiv ely on the system as the output signal gets drowned by the flat background induced by the corr elations. The signal-tonoise ratio is slightly improved by the presence of correlat ions but this constructive effect is weaker than the destructive influence of the additive nois e.


The proliferation of literature and research on mentors suggests that mentoring relationships provide a unique perspective on career development in a variety of fields and vocations. Much of this research seems to concur that having a mentor is an important component to successful career advancement and, conversely, that the lack of a mentor may hinder timely progression. However, much of this research has identified male career patterns and subsequently used those as a standard against which to measure women's experience. Such a practice can lead to the conclusion that women's approach to mentoring is deficient or inferior in some way. Instead it is useful to view women's career progression within the context of women's overall defined roles and social position. The question of interest here is, Does the traditional mentor-protege model reflect women's experience? And if not, what does? The research on mentors, primarily, has focused on the career progression of young adults as they are socialized into the world of business and management. In this body of literature, a mentor has generally been defined as an experienced adult who guides, advises, and supports an inexperienced protege for the purpose of furthering his or her career (Burke et al. 1990; Clark and Corcoran 1986; Cronan-Hillix et al. 1986; Kram and Isabella 1985; Levinson 1978; Noe 1988; Wright and Wright 1987). There is evidence that this traditional mentoring model does not adequately mirror women's experience in academia. Specifically, research on women's mentorship experience in academia has critical limitations. For example, peer mentoring may be an important source of support and guidance for women, but it has not been thoroughly evaluated (Kram 1985). Also, career interruptions related to family or caretaking roles may impede the formation of relationships according to the traditional mentoring model (Gerson 1987). And there is evidence that women who pursue careers in traditionally male-dominated fields, such as engineering, mathematics, and science, plan to interrupt or reduce their labor-force participation to accommodate their expected child rearing. Men generally do not incorporate family plans into their career


Objective To discuss the methods and surgical approaches for neoplasms in the parapharyngeal space.Methods Clinical data of 6 cases with huge primary neoplasm in the parapharyngeal space was analyzed retrospectively.Results According to the size and location of the parapharyngeal spacetumors,the neoplasms were fully resected via lateral cervical approach,posterior parotid gland approach,oral and soft palate approach,or cervical approach with mandibular swing respectively.Conclusion The approach to the primary neoplasm in parapharyngeal space should be chosen according to its origin,size,position,and characteristics.It is considered that the lateral cervical approach or the cervical approach with mandibular swing can provide a safe and efficient removal of the primary parapharyngeal space neoplasm.


Knitting and Painting workshop developed as part of a design event in Belo Horizonte (Brazil) together with a community of women and children from 'Aglomerado da Serra' (the largest slum in the city).


The invention relates to a white rot fungi ecto polymer and extraction method and application thereof, in particular discloses an extraction method of phanerochaete chrysosporium ecto polymer. Firstly phanerochaete chrysosporium suspension is added into a liquid culture medium, oscillation culture is carried out under the conditions that the temperature is 35-37 DEG C and the rotating speed is 120-150r/min, and primary centrifugation is carried out under the condition that the temperature is 0-4 DEG C; then supernatant is filtered, filtrate is added with 4-5 volumes of absolute ethyl alcohol, standing is carried out at 0-4 DEG C, and secondary centrifugation is carried out; crude ecto polymer precipitated after centrifugation is subject to dialysis and then is sealed and stored, thus obtaining the phanerochaete chrysosporium ecto polymer. The phanerochaete chrysosporium ecto polymer extracted by the method of the invention has significance on researching the principle that phanerochaete chrysosporium degrades organic pollutant and/or treats heavy metal.


Abstract 3954 Background: A prognostic scoring system for patients enrolled in phase I trials was developed by the Royal Marsden Hospital (RMH) (Arkenau H-T et al., 2008). The risk score consisted of a score of 0–3 based on the presence of three variables - elevated LDH, low albumin, and > 2 metastatic sites. Median survival for patients with score 0–1 vs. 2–3 was 33 weeks vs. 15 weeks. The RMH prognostic system was validated in a large group of patients at the MD Anderson Cancer Center Phase I Clinic (Stephen et al., 2011) and three additional independent negative prognostic variables were identified (ECOG PS > 1; > 3 prior lines and GI tumor site). Median survival in patients with score of 0 vs. 6 was 27 months vs. 9 weeks. These scoring systems are intended for patients with solid tumor malignancies, and no equivalent scoring system exists for hematologic malignancies. We propose a disease-specific prognostic scoring system for MM patients enrolled in phase I clinical trials. Methods: In total, 21 phase I trials for relapsed/refractory MM from February 1, 2005 through August 2, 2011 were reviewed. Cutoff date for censoring was 08/02/2011. Autologous stem cell transplant was deemed as a line of therapy. In addition to the significant prognostic factors detailed, factors such as prior autologous stem cell transplant, prior radiation therapy, prior history of venous thromboembolism (VTE), monoclonal protein (IgA), BMI > 35 kg/m2, labs at enrollment (Hb 10.2, ANC 2, LDH>ULN) were considered in the model. Adverse cytogenetic abnormalities were defined as t (4;14), t (14;16) or del 17p diagnosed by FISH or presence of t (4;14), t(14;16), del 17p or complex karyotype diagnosed by conventional karyotyping. Results: 151 consecutive relapsed/refractory MM patients that were enrolled in at least one trial in the Phase I clinic were identified. The median patient age at the time of diagnosis and at the time of phase I trial enrollment was 57 years (range, 28–75) and 61 years (range, 34–80), respectively. Median time from diagnosis to enrollment in a phase I trial is 50 months (range, 3–154). The median number of cycles received on phase I trialswas 3 (range, 0–30) and the prior lines of therapy was 4 (range, 0–13). The median overall survival was 18 months (95% confidence interval, 14.18–21.82). 57 (47%) patients had high risk cytogenetics; 37 (26%) had Stage III ISS; 12 (9%) had ECOG PS ≥ 2 and 113 (75%) received ≥4 lines of therapy. In the univariate analysis, the factors that influenced the OS were lines of therapy ( Conclusion: We demonstrate the first predictive model of outcomes for relapsed/refractory MM patients in phase I studies incorporating routinely used clinical measures. This information can be used to accurately inform patients of potential outcomes when enrolling to phase I trials. A larger, prospective trial is needed to validate our model. Disclosures: Kaufman: Millenium: Consultancy; Onyx Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy; Novartis: Consultancy; Keryx: Consultancy; Merck: Research Funding; Celgene: Research Funding. Flowers: Genentech/Roche (unpaid): Consultancy; Celgene: Consultancy; Millennium/Takeda: Research Funding; Wyeth: Research Funding; Novartis: Research Funding. Lonial: Millennium: Consultancy; Novartis: Consultancy; Celgene: Consultancy; BMS: Consultancy; Onyx: Consultancy; Merck: Consultancy.


The widespread adoption of the Internet of Things (IoT) technologies has drastically increased the breadth and depth of attack surfaces in networked systems, providing new mechanisms for the intrusion. In the context of smart-world critical infrastructures and cyber-physical systems, the rapid adoption of the IoT systems and infrastructures without thorough consideration for the risks and vulnerabilities has the potential for catastrophic damage to the privacy, safety, and security of individuals and corporations. While the IoT systems have the potential to increase productivity, accountability, traceability, and efficiency, their potential weaknesses are also more abundant. In this paper, we provide critical consideration of the security of the IoT systems as applied to smart-world critical infrastructures. Particularly, we carry out a detailed assessment of vulnerabilities in IoT-based critical infrastructures from the perspectives of applications, networking, operating systems, software, firmware, and hardware. In addition, we highlight the three key critical infrastructure IoT-based cyber-physical systems, namely the smart transportation, smart manufacturing, and smart grid. Moreover, we provide a broad collection of attack examples upon each of the key applications. Furthermore, we introduce a case study, in which we assess the impacts of potential attacks on critical IoT-based systems, using the smart transportation system as an example. Finally, we provide a set of best practices and address the necessary steps to enact countermeasures for any generic IoT-based critical infrastructure system.


Today, some in-vehicle route guidance systems are practically used and the routes they guide are minimum in static costs, which are independent from real-time traffic situation. But drivers want to know which route is best under present traffic situation. New traffic information providing systems, which serve real-time traffic information to vehicles, are available and it is possible to calculate and guide the minimum cost route in the sense of dynamic costs, which consider real-time traffic information such as congestion, extra regulations, and so on. Currently, traffic information providing systems cover limited regions and serve information of only main roads. The roads whose information is served by the system is not enough to realize practical route guidance. In this paper, the information of traffic congestion provided by the center is analyzed and some strategies to estimate the costs of the roads without information are proposed by using the notion of expectation in statistics. After the analysis, an in-vehicle dynamic route guidance system is constructed, which calculates and guides not only the roads whose information is served, but also other roads. The proposed strategies are tested and evaluated in the view of the admissibility of the computational results.


Background: Periodontitis is a common, chronic and progressive disease affect majority of the population. Current evidence indicates that Porphyromonas gingivalis is one of the most common pathogens isolated in patients with periodontitis. Aims and Objectives: To compare the clinical parameters and presence of P. gingivalis following a single subgingival application of 2.5% acyclovir gel combined with Scaling and Root Planing (SRP) or SRP alone. Materials and Methods: Healthy patients (10 females; 10 males) diagnosed with moderate to severe chronic periodontitis received manual SRP and oral hygiene instructions before random assignment into intervention (2.5% acyclovir gel + SRP) and control (SRP) groups. Clinical parameters (periodontal pocket depth, clinical attachment level, and bleeding on probing) were recorded and subgingival plaque sampling performed before treatment and after one and three months. Results: There was a significant reduction in P. gingivalis count and the mean PPD between the baseline and at first and third months post-therapy for both groups, but no difference between the two groups. There was a significant decrease in CAL at each time point in the intervention group as compared with control. Conclusions: SRP with or without a single application of 2.5% acyclovir gel improves clinical parameters and reduce P. gingivalis count for patients with chronic periodontitis.


In this paper, we address the problem of layout generation of pass transistor logic (PTL) circuits from binary decision diagrams (BDD's) by laying out groups of transistors in rows. We use a max-flow min-cut based recursive bipartitioning procedure followed by a greedy heuristic to assign the BDD nodes to rows, such that the number of wires to be routed across the rows is minimized. Next, we use an Eulerian trail approach to form clusters of transistors among which diffusion-sharing is possible. These clusters are then placed using a linear tree placement algorithm that ensures optimality in the wiring overhead for connecting clusters in the same row. The experimental results over benchmark circuits are promising.


The inquiry, chaired by Heather Hallett, will examine preparations and the response to the pandemic in England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland.1 Vaccine protects all body weights, study shows Two doses of covid vaccines provide a high level of protection against severe covid outcomes in people of all body weights when compared with no vaccination, found a study of nine million adults in England published in the Lancet Diabetes and Endocrinology.2 However, even after vaccination it found higher risks of severe covid in people with a low or high body mass index (BMI) than in those with a healthy BMI. (Full story doi:10.1136/bmj.o1612) Training BMA: medical students should be guaranteed posts The BMA's annual representative meeting passed a motion calling on the association to "lobby the government to make it a legal requirement that all UK final year medical school graduates who apply to the foundation programme and pass the situational judgment test be guaranteed a place on the UK foundation programme." Reasons included long waiting times for counselling, insufficient mental health support in the area, and the lack of a bereavement care pathway.4 Transparency More health professionals agree to naming in database An estimated seven in 10 health professionals who work with drug companies on non-R&D (research and development) collaborations agreed to be named on Disclosure UK, a database run by the Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industry.


The dilemma in the October issue involved an injured female grey squirrel and her offspring, which were brought to your practice. While the mother had to be humanely euthanased, the question remained of what to do with the kits. A nurse was eager to hand-rear them but you were also aware that grey squirrels are considered a destructive, non-native species (In Practice, October 2012, volume 34, pp 550-551). Glen Cousquer commented that there were empirical, legal and ethical considerations to take into account when making this decision. As a profession, veterinarians had a duty to ensure that the welfare of an animal was not compromised as well as to educate the public about such ethical issues. Based on those considerations and professional priorities, he suggested that hand-rearing the squirrels and releasing them under license would be a possible way forward. However, the kits would have to be euthanased if they originated from an area with red squirrels, into which they could not be released.


Reading has been identified as an indicator of successful academic achievement. The present qualitative study explored reading literacy practices of Omani adolescent students. Three high school students participated in semi-structured interviews. The findings revealed four main factors that determined their reading practices: motivation to read, home literacy practices, students' reading rituals, and digital literacy practices. These four factors were discussed in light of other related topics which included reading interest and school reading activities as they influenced students' motivation to read, and parental involvement and availability of home library as examples of home literacy practices. Furthermore, students' reading rituals were discussed considering their quest for meaning, pre-reading preparation tasks, and preferred time of day to read, whereas the digital literacy factor encompassed the sub-topics of internet and mobile applications and the role of other devices provoking reading interest. Understanding the reading literacy practices of adolescent learners offers insights into how to develop effective strategies to improve those practices. These insights can subsequently aid educators and parents in their reading instruction and ability to be productively involved in their children's reading literacy development, respectively. Moreover, other students may learn from their peers' successful reading practices.


A hybrid intelligent control system model which combines high-level time Petri net (HLTPN) and Reinforcement Learning (RL) is proposed. In this model, the control system is modeled by HLTPN and system state last time is presented as transitions delay time. For optimizing the transition delay time through learning, a value item is appended to delay time of transition for recording the reward from environment and this value is learned using Q-learning - a kind of RL. Because delay time of transition is continuous, two RL algorithms in continuous space methods are used in Petri Net learning process. Finally, for the purpose of certification of the effectiveness of our proposed system, it is used to model a guide dog robot system which system environment is constructed using radio-frequency identification (RFID). The result of the experiment shows the proposed method is useful and effective.


This paper deals with how to find a nonzero element efficiently in the kernel of a given structured matrix. By applying the displacement rank of a structured matrix, we propose a fast algorithm for decoding algebraic geometry codes with the computational complexity O(n2).


Bit Index Explicit Replication (BIER) is a new architecture that
provides optimal multicast forwarding without requiring intermediate
routers to maintain any per-flow state by using a multicast-specific
BIER header. This document describes extensions to Resource
Reservation Protocol - Traffic Engineering (RSVP-TE) for the set up of
Traffic Engineered (TE) point-to-multipoint (P2MP) Label Switched
Paths (LSPs) with BIER infomation, which is called P2MP based BIER in
[I-D.xie-bier-mvpn-mpls-p2mp].


Tracking blinking and eye movements has many applications in automotive, gaming, sleep laboratories, controlling machines, and tracking our health. The current technologies are uncomfortable to use, invasive, and require the attention of the user, specialized training, or the eyes to be open all the time. With the advancements in wearable electronics, realizing a comfortable eye tracker for everyday use is now more feasible than ever. This work presents a magnetic eye tracker achieved by attaching a composite magnet to the eyelid. A multi-axis magnetic field sensor, which is placed in a comfortable nearby location (i.e., integrated into a sleeping mask), detects the motion of the composite magnet due to the movement of the eyeball. Thus, the system is capable of measuring when the eyeball moves down, up, left, or right. It is wearable, battery-powered, and completely wireless, allowing for comfortable everyday use. To facilitate the continuous tracking of eye movement, a software component is developed in which a MATLAB code analyzes the systematic changes on the measured magnetic field at the tracker. Accordingly, the system marks when the eye moves down/up or left/right.


At present, the reform of judicial system in our country is just at it′s crossroad. Despite some good effects, the judicial independence still can′t be guaranteed well. The pubic participation is the key for durable and stable reform. Media, as the medium of the public and the judicial organizations, and as the main place for pubic people to get information and to express their opinions, is inevitable to be the important role to guarantee people to take part in judicial reform. The Jurisprudential Analysis of media′s interaction with Judicial System Reform is helpful to ensure the legal position for the media, meanwhile to regulate its activities legally, thus the media can interact with judicial organizations harmoniously, so that they can make joint efforts on the realization of judicial justice.


Opinion mining aims to determine the attitude of a person by identifying and extracting subjective information. The attitude is the judgement, evaluation or emotional state of the person towards a product, or service or a person. An essential task in opinion mining is to classify the polarity of a review at the document, sentence, or feature level whether the expressed opinion is positive, negative or neutral. The main objective of this research work is to formulate opinion mining task as sequence labelling and to build the models for classifying the opinion about the product Kingston Pen drive review as positive or negative. The performances are evaluated and the comparative results are analyzed and reported.


Urban land-use scene classification from high-resolution remote-sensing imagery at high quality and accuracy is of paramount interest for urban planning, government policy-making and urban change detection. In recent years, urban land-use classification has become an ongoing task in areas addressable primarily by remote sensing, and numerous deep learning algorithms have achieved high performance on this task. However, both dataset and methodology problems still exist in the current approaches. Previous studies have relied on limited data sources, resulting in saturated classification results, and they have difficulty achieving comprehensive classification results. The previous methods based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) focused primarily on model architecture rather than on the hyperparameters. Therefore, to achieve more accurate classification results, in this study, we constructed a new large dataset for urban land-use scene classification. More than thirty thousand remote sensing scene images were collected to create a dataset with balanced class samples that includes both higher intra-class variations and smaller inter-class dissimilarities than do the previously available public datasets. Then, we analysed two possible strategies for exploiting the capabilities of three existing popular CNNs on our datasets: full training and fine tuning. For each strategy, three types of learning rate decay were applied: fixed, exponential and polynomial. The experimental results indicate that fine tuning tends to be the best-performing strategy, and using ResNet-V1-50 and polynomial learning rate decay achieves the best results for the urban land-use scene classification task.


Aboriginal people generally have lower levels of educational attainment than other groups in Canada, but little is known about the reasons behind this gap. This study is the second of two by the same author investigating the issue in detail. The first paper (Frenette 2011) concludes that the labour market benefits to pursuing further schooling are generally not lower for Aboriginal people than for non-Aboriginal people. This second paper takes a more direct approach to the subject by examining the gap in educational attainment between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal youth using the Youth in Transition Survey (YITS), Cohort A. Aboriginal people who live on-reserve or in the North are excluded from the YITS and, thus, from this analysis. The results of the analysis show that most (90 percent) of the university attendance gap among high school graduates is associated with differences in relevant academic and socio-economic characteristics. The largest contributing factor among these is academic performance (especially differences in performance on scholastic, as opposed to standardized, tests). Differences in parental income account for very little of the university attendance gap, even when academic factors are excluded from the models (and thus do not absorb part of the indirect effect of income). Differences in academic and socio-economic characteristics explain a smaller proportion of the gap in high school completion than in university attendance.


The prediction results by the scaling model without the influence of phases proposed in previous article was contracted with other models.The scaling test of real gas field fluid was carried out using the scaling test equipment under the condition of high temperature and high pressure,through which the new scaling prediction model considering multiphase equilibrium for gas field containing water was tested and verified.The results showed that the amount of scale buildup of real reservoir fluid increased with decreasing pressure.The results predicted by model and that tested by laboratory experiment were accordant.The new method could accurately predict the amount of scale of gas field fluid under multiphase equilibrium,and the average deviation was about 2%.If the influence of phase behavior change was not considered,the average deviation of predicted scaling amount from experiment results was about 15%,and the deviation increased with decreasing pressure.During the production,the evaporation of water under the influence of oil and gas phase behavior intensified with decreasing reservoir pressure,which caused the concentration of ions in formation water to increase.If phase behavior changes of reservoir fluid were not considered,the predicted amount of scale would be lower obviously.


Although the U.S. Supreme Court has long held that the Commerce Clause of the U.S. Constitution prohibits state taxes that discriminate against interstate commerce, it has failed to provide a clear explanation of which taxes are discriminatory. In this paper, we provide an economic analysis that distinguishes neutral and discriminatory state taxation of interstate commerce. We show that state taxes discriminate against interstate commerce if the combined tax burden on inbound and outbound transactions exceeds the tax on intrastate transactions. The analysis reveals that current state individual income tax systems systematically discriminate against interstate commerce.


.: Sleep Disordered Breathing and Heart Failure and the Role of Pacing and Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy. At least 20% of hospital admissions among persons older than 65 are due to heart failure (HF). 1 In 1993, there were 875,000 hospitalizations in the United States with the first listed discharge diagnosis as HF, and about 2.5 million had it listed as an associated condition. 2 Approximately 60 percent of health care expenditures for HF were for hospital care. There were three million office visits annually for HF at a cost of 3 billion dollars per year. Despite the advances of pharmacological therapies, revascularization procedures, device therapies and meticulous cardiac surgical techniques in the last decade, the short and long term mortality of this condition remains high. In the population based sample from the Framingham Heart Study, the one year mortality among men and women was 28 percent and 24 percent and five year mortality was 59 percent in men and 45 percent in women respectively. 3 Unfortunately, much of our understanding and management of heart failure have been focused on while the patient is awake. Relatively little attention is paid to the pathophysiological sequelae of heart failure that occur nocturnally. "Nocturnal" management of heart failure may have an important impact. The purpose of this article is to review the pathogenesis and management of heart failure through management of sleep related breathing disorder. (J HK Coll Cardiol 2006;14:6-15)


Introduction: The radioactivity of airborne aerosols, which originates from the attachment of radionuclides produced by radon disintegration, Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCR) or anthropogenic activities, especially fallouts from nuclear weapons testing, can be used to measure the aerosols residence time in the atmosphere and their deposition rate. It is also used to characterize soils erosion rates (Matissof et al., 2002) or to investigate the origin of desert rock varnish (Hodge et al., 2005), to name only a few terrestrial applications. A translation of these nuclear methods to the Martian atmosphere, which is characterized by a very active dust cycle, can provide a unique insight into the present-day recycling of the Martian surface. Polonium-210 (Po) is a long-lived decay product of radon-222 (Rn), a radioactive gas produced in the ground and eventually released into the atmosphere. The long apparent half-life of Po is such that its unsupported fraction (i.e., the fraction not in equilibrium with its parents within the grains) is almost entirely attached to the particles that have been in suspension in the atmosphere, especially those characterized by a large specific surface area or by a long atmospheric residence time. Each particle traveling in the atmosphere accumulates some Po, and this process is much more efficient than on the ground, because the collection volume around each particle is much greater in the atmosphere. The amount of Po attached to the atmospheric aerosol depends on the amount of Rn released from the ground over the past few decades (due to the 22.3 year half-life of the intermediate radionuclide Pb) and the recycling rate of the dust cycle. Polonium210 is therefore a valuable tracer of the dust cycle, especially on Mars where no other technique is available to track dust particles.


In India, a large number of engineering undergraduates are adopting eLearning as it provides access to best faculty and reduces concerns on inadequate physical infrastructure at colleges. Virtual Labs is a Government of India eLearning initiative containing simulation and remote triggered labs for engineering students. Virtual Labs developed over a period of 6 years is used by more than a million undergraduate students across nine engineering disciplines. The software used for developing these experiments requires substantial effort for maintenance due to deprecation, compatibility, etc. We propose a targeted crowdsourcing approach for maintenance of Virtual Labs with sustainable quality. The targeted crowdsourcing involves the large number of engineering students who are also the major stakeholders of these labs. Our quality enhancement using crowdsourcing approach was validated for 14 labs and would be extended to 191 labs based on encouraging results.


Abstract : The SRB Study determined the historical effect that SRBs have had on reenlistment rates through a multiple stepwise regression analysis of data from Jan 76 through Jun 81. Data analyzed for each MOS/zone consisted of reenlistment rates, migration rates, SRB multipliers assigned, unemployment rates, military/civilian pay ratio and the Consumer Price Index. The SRB regression coefficient resulting from the analysis represented th enet change in a reenlistment rate for an MOS/zone brought about by a change in the SRB multiplier. The SRB regression coefficients were applied to current reenlistment rates, adjusted for migration, to estimate the reenlistment rates that could be achieved at each multiplier level. these estimated reenlistment rates by multiplier for each MOS/zone were used in the SRB allocation methodology developed. Selection criteria to determine which MOS/zones were most critical to receive an SRB were identified, data ranges and value weights were assigned to each critierion, and an importance factor was developed for each criterion. Criticality weights for each MOS/zone were then computer using a weighting technique. These criticality weights were also used in the SRB allocation methodology developed.


This paper is a sequel to our earlier paper, "Limit Ultrapowers", [6]. In that paper we introduced the limit ultrapower construction and proved that is isomorphic to a limit ultrapower of if and only if every PCΔ class which contains also contains . In Section 1 of this paper we introduce the more general limit ultraproduct construction, and in Section 2 we prove that, for any class K of relational systems, a relational system is isomorphic to a limit ultraproduct of members of K if and only if every PCΔ class which includes K also contains . As a consequence, the property of K being an intersection of PCΔ classes is characterized purely set-theoretically by the property of K being closed under isomorphisms and limit ultraproducts. In Section 3 we apply limit ultraproducts to obtain model-theoretic conditions equivalent to the set-theoretic condition that every α-complete ultrafilter is γ+-complete. The first result, Theorem 3.7, was announced in the abstract [8], and it is also closely related to a result which was stated without proof in [10], namely Theorem 2 of that paper. In Sections 4 and 5 we apply our results in order to improve a theorem of Craig in [2]. Craig considered the logic L(Q), where Q is a set of cardinals, obtained from ordinary first order logic by adding for each α ϵ Q the quantifier "there exist at least α".


A number of radio relay and fibre optic systems are required to be remotely controlled and monitored. Year by year customer's requirements are becoming more and more demanding in order to achieve an effective supervision of the network. With SDH equipment these requirements are becoming even more complex to be satisfied. The paper illustrates Siemens Telecomunicazioni's approach to provide a satisfactory solution to customer's needs on this topic. In particular, after introducing the main characteristics of present supervisory systems for PDH networks are the way to reach a future fully standardised SDH management, an SDH radio equipment is described from the management point of view. The ability of the new equipment generation to be adopted by the old generation of supervisory systems and then to evolve towards a new management philosophy with just software enhancements and minor hardware improvements, is also illustrated. The process for the integration of radio and fibre Optic Equipment of different vendors in a single management network is described and a step by step approach explained.


Hospital buildings present substantial energy savings possibilities,especially in older buildings.Global warming and the international drive to reduce Carbon dioxide emissions have led hospital executive staff and facility managers to strive for reducing hospital energy usage through innovative technology and tools.Energy management in a hospital hence becomes a strategic area with a great potential for cost reduction through different energy saving measures.A descriptive observational study was done over a period of nine months to study the average consumption of electricity.The awareness of employees was assessed through an energy-awareness questionnaire,supplemented with walk-arounds and interviews.It was seen that at current consumption levels,carbon dioxide emission was substantial.Employee awareness on energy saving behaviours was high,but the practices observed left much to be desired,suggesting the need for an energy management plan.It is easier to obtain energy savings when the efforts are part of a structured program.


Electric conductance of natural NaCl single crystals was studied under the influence of x-rays of various intensities and at various temperatures. In nonirradiated specimens, the electric conductance is due to ions, and the effect of temperature on corductance obeys an exponential law. Under irradiation conditions, an electronic component of conductance is added, this component being larger with lower temperature and higher intcnsity of irradiation. As the ionic current grov s very quickly with temperature increase, while the electron current grows slowly, no effect of x ray on electric conductance cf a NaCl crystal has been observed at high temperatures.


An intrinsically assurable mobile ad hoc network (IAMANET) will directly support the integrity, availability, reliability, confidentiality, and safety of MANET communications and data. In contrast, the dominant Internet paradigm is intrinsically insecure. For example, the Internet does not deny unauthorized traffic by default and therefore violates the principle of least privilege. In addition, there are no provisions for non-repudiation or accountability and therefore adversaries can probe for vulnerabilities with impunity because the likelihood of attributing bad behavior to a particular adversary is limited. Finally (although not exhaustively) existing protocols are not robust to Byzantine failures and malicious behavior, leaving entire Internet-based systems vulnerable. This paper expands on these high-level requirements and threat models. It then presents an early view of two high-level architectures for an IAMANET, PIANO and Zodiac.


Oxidation by acid treatment is one of the chemical methods used to introduce surface oxygen functional group (SOFG) and defects on the surface of carbon nanofibers (CNFs). Therefore, many researchers used this method to improve the dispersion ability of CNFs in aqueous media. However, only few researchers used combination of chemical and mechanical method for oxidation of CNFs. In this work, as-received CNFs were treated using chemical method with an addition of mechanical method. On the first experiment (Method A) concentrated sulphuric acid and nitric acid were used and followed by combinations of mechanical method using ultrasonication water bath under reflux. The addition mechanical method through reflux was eliminated and different times of ultrasonication were used in method B and method C. Outer diameter of each CNFs samples were determined from FESEM images and were found to be in range of 50 nm–190 nm. Whereas, Raman spectroscopy was used to analyse any structural defects of CNFs samples during each treatment methods. From the findings, acid treatment of CNFs with addition of mechanical method using ultrasonication showed remarkably effect on the CNFs morphology.


An integral operator is defined to simulate the quadrature phase-sensitive detection (PSD) of a time-independent characteristic function (e.g., spectroscopic lineshapes in magnetic resonance), with its dependent variable modulated and scanned during the detection. This integral operation is equivalent to a convolution, with its kernel determined by the modulation function and the demodulation order. The convolution kernel results from the corresponding PSD as applied to the Dirac delta function. The convolution form not only facilitates our understanding of the geometric effects due to the quadrature and the nonquadrature PSD but also indicates hardware schemes that are capable of accurately approximating or directly measuring the functional form that is being probed. These schemes involve no a priori assumptions such as those required in conventional post-PSD data manipulation to approximate true lineshapes. In the case of sinusoidal modulation, the significance of simultaneous multichannel demodulations at all even or all odd harmonics within the frequency bandwidth is presented. Unconventional PSD schemes using square-wave and sawtooth-wave modulations are also discussed. As an aside for mathematics, the PSD convolution kernel corresponds to a transform between two compact-support functions; it generates an infinite set of basis-function sets, with the set of the Chebyshev polynomials being a special case.


Background: Gram-negative enterobacteria are the most common cause of urinary tract infections. Cedecea is a new separate genus in the family enterobacteriaceae, and it is a very rare pathogen that was primarily found in the respiratory tract. Cedecea lapagei is a very rare pathogen of urinary tract infections. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report in the world reported in English literature. Case presentation: A 55 years old man with chronic renal failure, poorly controlled diabetes mellitus, and hypertension presented with acute exacerbations of renal failure and irritative voiding symptoms. After stabilization and empirical antibiotic therapy with Ceftriaxone, the patient's condition was not improved and deteriorated progressively. After the request of urine culture, the culture was isolated, an extremely rare uropathogen recently recognized by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC); the Cedecea lapagei. Cedecea lapagei identification had been done using Eosin methylene blue agar (EMB). Gram-negative lipase positive bacteria with bacillus in shape, motile in nature that is non-spore-forming, and non-encapsulated enterobacteria with the final result of >100,000 colony-forming units per ml of Cedecea lapagei were isolated. Mueller-Hinton agar had been used to perform antimicrobial sensitivity and resistance. The pathogen was extensively resistant to the extended-spectrum beta-lactamases antibiotics and extended-spectrum beta-lactam inhibitors while carbapenems, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, and Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole showed a higher sensitivity rate. Conclusion: The treatment of Cedecea lapagei infections represents a challenging issue due to its multi-drug resistant and extensive drug resistance patterns to a variety of antimicrobial classes, such as extended-spectrum beta-lactamases, cephalosporins, and beta-lactam inhibitors. Antimicrobial treatment should be aligned with the culture findings once available.


Research interest is growing in the potential to strategically mix selected polymers to modify properties and reduce the cost of resultant blends. Renewable resource-derived spinifex resin-based polyurethane (RPU) can be considered a potential bio-alternative to conventional petroleum-based polymers. However, its inherent weak mechanical properties severely limit its range of applications. This study aimed to prepare a useful novel polymer by solution blending of polyurethane prepared from spinifex resin (endemic to Australia) and commercially available thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). Properties of the prepared polymer blends were characterized using various techniques.


The organization of this thesis reflects the development of underwater radio tracking methodology for monitoring movements of freshwater fish. Equipment and techniques developed during this research are described in Part I and represent a cooperative effort between the author and the University of Minnesota's Cedar Creek engineering staff. In 1970, the equipment and techniques were tested and perfected during a study of largemouth bass movements in Mary Lake. The bass project provided an ideal situation to test the system. Since Mary Lake was small and the bass exhibited localized movements, the fish could be found easily; consequently, the performance of the system could be continually analyzed and problems could be quickly solved. The home range movements of the bass are described in Part II. After establishing the reliability and usefulness of the system, a much more difficult project was attempted. In 1971, a program was initiated to study the movements and behavior of steelhead in western Lake Superior. Results of this project (1971 to 1974) are presented in Part III.


Attachment theory has been used to explain the origin of psychotic phenomena. In this article we critically evaluate dominant models and assessment measures of attachment in the study of psychosis. We identify four problems aligning to current theory and assessment: (1) the reliability and/or validity of assessment tools, (2) the failure of current approaches to differentiate between psychotic and non-psychotic cases within attachment classifications, (3) the absence of an integrated conceptual framework and (4) poor clinical utility. We propose the Dynamic-Maturational Model (DMM) of Attachment and Adaptation as an integrative framework with potential explanatory power to address these problems. The DMM is a model of human adaptation, based in attachment theory and integrative of systems theory, psychodynamic psychology, cognitive neuroscience, ethology and behaviourism. We review the present state of knowledge about attachment and psychosis and consider a broader array of empirical information (e.g. cognitive, affective and somatic) to highlight how future investigations and therapeutic intervention might be reconceptualised advantageously within a DMM framework.


ABSTRACT The coupled nonlinear mechanical behavior of nonlocal strain gradient nanotubes subject to distributed excitation forcing is investigated for the first time. Both longitudinal displacements and transverse deflection are taken into consideration in both the continuum-based formulation and the numerical solution. The influences of being at the nanoscale level are modeled with the use of the nonlocal strain gradient theory. The coupled large amplitude motion characteristics are extracted via Galerkin's approach and a continuation method. The influences of scale coefficients, the slenderness ratio, and the force amplitude of the external forcing on the motion are examined.


Far too many babies and children in the United States today struggle with myriad conditions that negatively affect their emotional, mental, and physical health. We initially see this tragedy in the high rates of infantmortality and low birth weight babies and then in the discouragingly high numbers of youth who are obese, get pregnant, contract a sexually transmitted infection, smoke, binge drink, abuse drugs, develop an eating disorder, or attempt suicide. Sadly, when young people look at adult men they often find poor role models who are ill-equipped to help them avoid or correct unhealthy behaviors.


Floods are one of the most destructive natural calamities, which are highly complex to model. The causes leading to floods involve many parameters and climatic conditions of the region of interest and it makes a huge impact leading to loss of several lives, damages infrastructure and much more. A flood prediction model can contribute to the risk reduction, policy suggestion, minimization of the loss of human life and reduction of the property damage associated with floods.In this paper, various machine learning algorithms are tested on the collected dataset, to determine which algorithm works best and the influential parameters. In this paper we have also proposed flood prediction model for Mumbai using machine learning and developed an Android application for the same.


Tampereen ammattikorkeakoulu Tampere University of Applied Sciences Degree Programme in Nursing and Health Care Midwifery HUOVINEN, MIRA & SILEEKANGAS, SUVI: Aseptically Safe Treatment Path of Parturient and Newborn – Regimen for Parturient with MRSA, Hepatitis C or HIV Bachelor's thesis 92 pages November 2010 The objective of our bachelor's thesis was to prepare an information folder on asepsis to be available during every stage of childbirth and postnatal care. In this thesis the main emphasis is placed on parturients with MRSA, hepatitis C and HIV infections. The purpose was to create a folder which contains photographs and verbal instructions of procedures requiring strict asepsis. An important standpoint in the thesis is isolationand precaution measures of a contagious parturient along with issues entailed in nursing such a parturient. The approach of this bachelor's thesis was a functional one. As the basis for the information folder on asepsis an expert in hospital hygiene and maternity ward personnel were interviewed to find out about their expectations and specific hygienic aspects related to asepsis in childbirth. Aseptic working method is one of the simplest ways to prevent the spread of pathogens amongst patients and therefore it is a key element in hospital hygiene. Hospital-born infections are often caused by inadequate hand hygiene and those infections could often be prevented with thorough hand disinfection. The common problem in patient care nowadays is a constant rush and the insufficient number of nurses and midwives on the wards. Due to a hurry and multiple tasks it is common that one of the most important elements in patient safety is forgotten in the midst of patient care and the whole purpose of hand hygiene is being lost on grounds of "there are more important things waiting to be done".


Enflurane (or Ethrane) is a stable fluorinated methylethyl ether (Fig. 1). The drug was synthesized by TYRELL in 1963. It is a colourless volatile liquid without any chemical stabilizer. The anaesthetic properties of ethrane were studied by VIRTUE et all and they described them generally similar to those of Halothane. Further clinical works were done by DOBKIN, BLACK, ADAMS and others2,3A. They found that enflurane is a satisfactory anaesthetic drug. It is usually administered from a special1y calibrated vapourizer through a standard anaesthetic circuit with or without Sodalime. The minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of enflurane which is necessary for anaesthesia is 0.6070 in a mixture of 70% Nitrous Oxide in Oxygen and 1.7% in Oxygen.


A must-have for software developers and architects, this brief follow-up to the bestselling Software Requirements, Second Edition, gives practical, proven, real-world techniques for gathering and managing software requirements.


Introduction: Pre-eclampsia is a multi-system disorder of unknown etiology and a major cause of maternal and perinatal complications. LDH is an intracellular enzyme and is increased when there is increased cell death. As pre-eclampsia leads to cellular death, so LDH levels can beused to assess the severity of disease. Aim: To study the correlation of levels of serum LDH in women with preeclampsia on maternal and perinatal outcome. Objectives: To correlate the maternal and perinatal outcomes with serum LDH levels. To assess serum LDH as a marker for severity of preeclampsia. Materials and Methods: A prospective comparative studywas conducted over a period of 18 months from November 2016 to April 2018 Obstetrics Gynecology, Medical Hospital, Tumakuru. Out of 180 women studied, 100 were normal pregnant women, 40 patients were having mild preeclampsia and 40 patients were having severe preeclampsia. The two groups and subgroups were studied based on age, gravidity, trimester, investigations, maternal and perinatal outcome, complications and follow up. Results: Higher values of LDH were found in mild and severe preeclamptic women than those of normal pregnant women in third trimester and was statistically significant. Severe lypreec lamptic patients had increased LDH levels which in association with investigations, outcome, complications and follow up was significant. Conclusion: LDH is a useful biochemical marker and can be considered as a supportive prognostic tool thatreflects the severity and complications of preeclampsia. Identification of high-risk patients, their close monitoring, and correct management may prevent these complications.


Chemical investigation of the whole plants of Phyllanthus cochinchinensis (Euphorbiaceae) led to the isolation of three new phenolic glycosides, phyllanthuosides A-C, together with 12 known compounds. Their structures were established on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis and chemical methods. Among them, phyllanthuosides A and B are two of the rare phenolic glycosides, featuring with a C6-C3-C6 skeleton. The absolute configurations of phyllanthuosides A and B were established by calculated electric circular dichroism (ECD) using time dependent density functional theory (TDDFT). The isolates were also tested for their cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activity.


This paper compares the effectiveness of Genetic Algorithm and wavelet transformation techniques for scaling of earthquake records. Records in an ensemble are ranked with respect to the closeness of their spectral shape to a target spectrum, the elastic design spectrum of FEMA 356 in this paper, using specific spectral shape indices. A Genetic Algorithm is used to obtain scale factors for the seven top-ranked records by minimizing the area between the average scaled and the target spectra. In another approach, wavelet transformations are applied to individual records to match the target spectrum. The results show that Genetic Algorithms are effective if the records have been previously selected based on their spectral shape. On the other hand, wavelet transformations result in strong agreement between the modified and the target spectra even if the original and the target spectra have widely different shapes. A brief summary of the recent development by the authors on the use of wavelet transformations to inelastic spectral matching is also presented.


The Elementary School Journal Volume 83, Number 1 ? 1982 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved. 0013-5984/83/8301-0003$01.00 Several researchers have noted that to succeed in school, one must learn how to reproduce new information (Meyer 1977; Doyle 1979; Mosenthal and Na 1980b, 1981). In reading, learning how to reproduce text means learning how to comprehend text literally. As Spiro (1977, 1979) has noted, good readers are those who have learned how to maximize the literal meaning of text; these readers are able to preserve the integrity of the text by keeping their background knowledge separate from the text structure and meaning. Yet as Spiro (1979) and others (Tierney, Bridge, and Cera 1978-79; Mosenthal and Na 1980a, 1981) have demonstrated, not all readers have learned to read by maximizing literal meaning; some have learned by integrating new information with previous knowledge. Spiro (1977) has referred to this type of reading as updating knowledge. While reading as knowledge updating may be useful for succeeding in society outside the classroom (Walmsley 1981), it fails to comply with the pervading instructional reading goal, or ideology, which emphasizes the correct reproduction of new information (Carter 1977; Meyer 1977; Doyle 1979). Using this criterion, one can identify a unique group of poor readers; these readers may be considered poor not because of their inability to decode text properly, but because they fail to reproduce information (Mosenthal and Na 1980c). In light of this failure, an important question is, Why do children integrate new and old information differently in reading lessons? The reasoning here is that if one can identify those factors which cause students to reconstruct or embellish text information


Coastal depositional systems are normally classified based on the relative input of wave, tide, and river processes. While wave- through to river-dominated environments are well characterized, environments along the wave-to-tide continuum are relatively poorly understood and this limits the reliability and utility of coastal classification schemes. Two tidal shoreface models, open-coast tidal flats (OCTF) and tidally modulated shorefaces (TMS), have been introduced for mixed wave-tide coastal settings. Following nearly two decades of research on tidal shorefaces, a number of significant insights have been derived, and these data are used here to develop a unified model for such systems. First, OCTFs are components of larger depositional environments, and in multiple published examples, OCTFs overlie offshore to lower shoreface successions that are similar to TMS. Consequently, we combine OCTFs and TMSs into a single tidal shoreface model where TMS (as originally described) and TMS-OCTF successions are considered as variants along the wave-tide continuum. Second, tidal shoreface successions are preferentially preserved in low- to moderate-wave energy environments and in progradational to aggradational systems. It is probably difficult to distinguish tidal shorefaces from their storm-dominated counterparts. Third, tidal shorefaces, including both TMSs and OCTFs, should exhibit tidally modulated storm deposits, reflecting variation in storm-wave energy at the sea floor resulting from the rising and falling tide. They may also exhibit interbedding of tidally generated structures (e.g. double mud drapes or bidirectional current ripples), deposited under fairweather conditions, and storm deposits (e.g. hummocky cross-stratification) through the lower shoreface and possibly into the upper shoreface.The development of the tidal shoreface model sheds light on the limitations of the presently accepted wave-tide-river classification scheme of coastal environments and a revised scheme is presented. In particular, tidal flats are components of larger depositional systems and can be identified in the rock record only in settings where intertidal and supratidal deposits are preserved; consequently, they should not represent the tide-dominated end-member of coastal systems. Instead, we suggest that tide-dominated embayments should occupy this apex. Tide-dominated embayments exhibit limited wave and river influence and include a wide range of geomorphological features typically associated with tidal processes, including tidal channels, bars and flats.


A new, efficient potential model for liquid water is presented here. It is based on the hard-sphere sticky dipole potential model for water by Bratko, Blum, and Luzar (J. Chem. Phys. 1985, 83, 6367), referred to as the BBL model. Similar to the BBL model, this new, soft-sphere sticky dipole model has a single interaction site at the molecular center of mass with a spherical repulsive potential, a short-range tetrahedral "sticky" potential, and a point dipolar potential. However, the use of a Lennard-Jones-type soft-sphere, as opposed to the hard-sphere in the BBL model, allows realistic studies of water and aqueous solvation. This is particularly important for the existing parametrizations of biological molecules that use soft-sphere models. The present model gives a liquid water structure comparable to that found by the four-site TIP4P model and also gives an intermolecular energy, a hydrogen bond energy, and a heat capacity of liquid water in good agreement with experimental data and/or results from the...


Incidence of tuberculosis (TB) among patients attending Voluntary counseling and Testing (VCT) clinic at General Hospital Bajoga was determine in order to provide data on the disease burden and suggest ways on controlling the infection if present. A total of 304 HIV sero-positive patients from January to June 2013 were screened for TB. The study revealed 98 (32.2%) were TB positive, of which 63 (64%) were males, while 35 (36%) were females. The highest incidence rate of 47 was seen in the 16-35years age group, followed by 44 observed in the above 35years age group. The less than 15 years age group has the least incidence rate of 7. Retrospective studies conducted from 2010-2012 also revealed a prevalence rate of 52 (15.1%) in 2010, 24 (5.6%) in 2011 and 31 (7.1%).


Observations of the snow crystals of low temperature types were carried out at Inuvik (68'22'N, 133'42'W), Northwest Territories, Canada from December 25,1985 to January 23, 1986. In this observation, especially, the correlation between the "Gohei twin", "Sea gull", and "Spearhead" type crystals has been considered based on a number of microphotographs taken by a polarizing microscope. As a result, although we have pointed out that the gohei twin type crystals are two kinds that have tip angle of 56' and 78', they have another difference besides the difference of their tip angles. Namely, the gohei twin crystals having the tip angle of 56' have a certain kind of finlike appendages along the crystalline boundary of two extended prism planes of the crystals. On the other hand, another twin crystals that have the tip angle of 78' are devoid of finlike appendages along the crystalline boundary. The angles of 13' and 19' between two extended prism planes of the gohei twin crystals pointed out in our previous papers (Kikuchi and Sato, 1984; Sato and Kikuchi, 1985) were clarified by the measurement of the tip angles of individual extended prism planes. Furthermore, it was noted that the gohei twin crystals that have the tip angle of 56' are similar to the spearhead type crystals, and the spearhead type crystals were one of the wings of the sea gull type crystals seen from a right angle. However, some parts of the formation mechanisms of snow crystals of low temperature types are obscure and it would be difficult to understand their exact correlation.


OBJECTIVE: To determine how modifications of key chair design aspects, such as seat height, posterior seat tilt, backrest recline, seat compressibility, and armrest placement, affect how older adults rise from a chair and the seating comfort they experience.


We studied the prevalence, segregation, and phenotype of the mitochondrial DNA 3243A>G mutation in children in a defined population in Northern Ostrobothnia, Finland.


Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common malignant neoplasm of the kidney, and metastasis in head and neck areas are rarely described. We describe four cases of metastatic RCC in the head and neck areas treated between January 1995 and December 2004. The metastatic sites included the basal region of the tongue, parenchyma of the bilateral parotid glands, bilateral thyroid glands with left cervical lymphadenopathy, and frontal scalp. Three of the patients had previous primary RCC and underwent nephrectomy. Excluding the one patient in whom no primary tumor was found, the interval between the primary diagnosis and the metastatic disease ranged from two to eight years. Treatment included resection of the metastatic lesions for three patients, and palliative chemotherapy and radiotherapy for one patient. Of the three patients who underwent tumor resection, two achieved disease-free status and one died because of sepsis and multiple organic failure. In our experience and the experience of others, resection of solitary, organ-confined RCC metastases provides symptom relief and improves quality of life. (Chang Gung Med J 2006;29(4 Suppl):59-65)


Determination of viscous coefficient of a liquid by using rotatory viscometer is the method in common use at present. The article gives further analysis of the mechanism of this widely used rotatory viscometer and analysis how the speed of laminar flow of a liquid affects the accuracy of the results of measurement. The applicable prerequisites and correct methods when using the rotatory viscometer to determine the viscous coefficient of a liquid are also indicated.


Modern constitutionalism that developed at first in America at the end of the 18th century is defined by twelve essential elements. German constitutionalism during the 19th century is characterized by specific elements that distinguish it from other Western constitutional systems. The main differences between modern constitutionalism and German constitutions of the 19th century are that the constitutions did not claim supremacy, the denial of judicial review, the missing constitutive function, the restrictions of democratic representation, the disapproval of the separation of powers principle as well as the different concept of fundamental rights. Even more important was the fact that the German constitutions were based on the monarchical principle and other principles of legitimacy but not on popular sovereignty. The German constitutions therefore remained a fragile compromise between different societal and political forces.


The present invention discloses a mobile terminal and biometric combination visible optical imaging system, comprising an image sensor; imaging array image sensor having a pixel unit configured to receive visible light - infrared imaging optical broadband wavelength spectrum distribution; the LED illumination light source is configured through the visible radiation of the LED current driver control - LED illumination light source wavelength infrared light imaging; optical filter visible light - infrared light, an optical wavelength variable filter; optical imaging lens of the optical imaging lens autofocusing; visible light - infrared light variable wavelength optical filter, the optical auto-focus imaging lens, the optical center of the image sensor system is configured as an imaging optical axis of the light path coaxially position; the optical center of the LED illumination light source is configured as the optical axis of the imaging system off-axis position of the optical path.


Background and objective: Giardia lamblia is the intestinal flagellated protozoan parasite that infects vertebrates, including humans. Giardiasis is the major diarrheal disease found worldwide. It can be symptomatic or may be an asymptomatic carrier that led to chronic disease. This study aimed to determine the proportion of giardiasis among food handlers and evaluate the correlation between two laboratory methods for identifying the Giardia lamblia. Methods: A total of 308 stool samples were collected from food handlers that annually attend the central laboratory in Erbil City. Wetmount microscopic examination was performed for the diagnosis of cysts and trophozoites of the Giardia parasite. Molecular analysis done for positive samples, DNA extraction performed using the QIAamp Fast DNA Stool Mini Kit (Qiagen Company, Germany). Nested PCR analysis was done targeting the Glutamate dehydrogenase gene using two sets of primers for amplification of 734bp fragment. Gel electrophoresis was performed for visualizing the amplified DNA by Ultraviolet light. Results: The mean age of food handler participants was 29 years. Most (93.8%) of the food handlers were males, and the majority (98.6%) of the participants did not have any signs and symptoms. Four (7.4%) microscopy positive sample participants were highly educated. There was no association between educational level and positive rate by microscopy (P = 0.066). The majority of participants did not receive treatments, particularly most of the microscopic positive samples. The food handlers did not take any antiparasitic treatments 9 (3.4%) (P = 0.676). From 11 (3.6%) microscopically positive samples, 10 (90.9%) Giardia lamblia gdh gene 734 bp fragments were amplified by nested PCR. Conclusion: Amplification of 734bp of gdh gene by the nested PCR is the most specific and sensitive method for identifying Giardia lamblia. Food handlers were important people to care about sanitation and preparing food, particularly for avoiding diseases transmitted by food. Keywords: Giardiasis; Genetic characterization; gdh gene; Nested PCR.


As a newly built university with the background of teacher education and in order to respond the challenge of industry upgrade and the needs of service area industry development,Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences adopt "supernormal" development measure,strive to build the academician workshop,found the interdisciplinary materials research center and the specialized school and innovate the school-running model with the hard work of the whole university,and it realizes supernormal development with a series of landmark achievements,which promote the construction of academic disciplines and improve the students' practical ability and employment competence and whose development model are worth of reference.


Although rarely thought of this way, in fact humankind is almost completely dependent on photosynthesis for both food and fuel. In addition to the organic carbon, newly fixed through photosynthesis, that is used as food, we also rely on photosynthesis when we use fossil fuels, which represent ancient photosynthetic products that have been stored and transformed over millions of years. More recently, biofuels, such as bioethanol and biodiesel, are now being made directly on a large scale, using recent photosynthesis. Hydrogen is an almost ideal alternative fuel, which can be produced biologically in a number of ways. Here, various processes that rely on photosynthesis as the transformative energy source behind hydrogen production are briefly introduced and discussed. These include photofermentation by purple non-sulfur photosynthetic bacteria using captured solar energy to drive H2 production from organic compounds and systems that are capable of the direct conversion of captured solar energy to hydrogen. In the most attractive system, biophotolysis, the solar energy captured by photosystem II (PSII) and photosystem I (PSI) is used to reduce ferredoxin. Subsequently, the reduced ferredoxin reduces a hydrogen-evolving enzyme. Hydrogen can also be produced by indirect biophotolysis, where photosynthetic carbon fixation occurs in the first, illuminated stage, and the stored carbohydrate is then used in a second, anaerobic, hydrogen-producing stage. Such a process thus separates in both time and space, oxygen-producing photosynthesis from the oxygen-sensitive proton reduction reaction. Here, we briefly review how these processes take place in cyanobacteria and green algae.


We initiate a study of W -topology. This is a modification of ordinary topology in which morphisms exist after smashing with a fixed space W . Several classical topics are considered in this setting, inter alia Whitehead products, Hopf invariants and the E-H-∆ sequence. The main emphasis is on detection of non-trivial elements in the W -homotopy groups of spheres.


The invention relates to a wet sludge anhydration treatment system which comprises a low-temperature pyrolysis reaction device which is used for carrying out the low-temperature pyrolysis reaction of wet sludge and saturated water vapor to convert macromolecular organics in the wet sludge into low-molecular organics, a spiral centrifugal filtering device which is used for carrying out centrifugal filtering and dehydration to the wet sludge after the pyrolysis in a mechanical separation manner so as to obtain semi-dry sludge with the water content of 55 percent to 60 percent, and a drying device which is used for drying and removing the water in the semi-dry sludge after the filtering and hydration so as to obtain dried-sludge solid fuel with the water content of 10 percent to 40 percent. Meanwhile, the invention also relates to a wet sludge anhydration treatment technology by adopting the treatment system. The system and the technology of the invention can solve the problem of renewable resource of sludge in a method of environment protection, energy saving, high resource utilization and low operating cost.


The aim of this study was to know whether the administration of turmeric extract gel topically can accelerate diabetic wound healing. This studywas an experimental analytical research in vivo laboratory using quantitative method. The subjects of this study were alloxan-induced diabetic mice model. The skin excision wounds were made on the back of the mice. The subjects were divided into 3, i.e. the group that given 1) blank gel (control) 2) Curcuma longa extract gel 3) nanocurcumin gel, topically on wound once daily for 24 days. There was a tendency of nanocurcumin gel to accelerate wound closure on day 3 and 9 of observation (p=0.459 and p=0.317). Whereas, Curcuma longa gel had tendency to accelerate wound closure on day 6 and 12 (p=0.429 and p=0.485). On day 15 until 24, there was no tendency of nanocurcumin and Curcuma longa gels to accelerate wound closure. However, overall there was no differences in the rate of wound closure in all three groups as analyzed by ANOVA, thus represented by the area under curve (AUC) (p=0.521). Despite there is a tendency of nanocurcumin and Curcuma longa gels to accelerate the wound closure in the early stages of wound healing, administration of Curcuma longa and nanocurcumin gels topically do not accelerate skin excision wound closure in alloxan-induced diabetic mice model.