The ineffective utilization of power resources has attracted much attention in current years. This paper proposes a real-time distributed load scheduling algorithm considering constraints of power supply. Firstly, an objective function is designed based on the constraint, and a base load forecasting model is established when aggregating renewable generation and non-deferrable load into a power system, which aims to transform the problem of deferrable loads scheduling into a distributed optimal control problem. Then, to optimize the objective function, a real-time scheduling algorithm is presented to solve the proposed control problem. At every time step, the purpose is to minimize the variance of differences between power supply and aggregate load, which can thus ensure the effective utilization of power resources. Finally, simulation examples are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.


Sulfur dioxide emitted via automotive exhausts has been paid much attention to and more and more strict limit has been put to sulfur content in the fuel.The routes for desulfurization of light oil were described,including hydrodesulfurization and adsorption.Development in this field in 21st century will be focused on production of cleaner fuel via gasoline hydrotreating,non-hydrogenation techniques,light olefins upgrading and olefin-reducing technology for FCC gasoline.


Effects of four food additives, sulfite, bisulfite, thiosulfate and metabisulfite, on the protease, amylase, acid- and alkaline-phosphomonoesterase activity of Takadiastase A, Asp. fumigatus, NAGARSE (Bacillus subtilis), Pepsin, Trypsin, pancreatic amylase, salivary amylase were studied. Salivary amylase markedly inhibited hydrolysis of soluble starch with pre-incubation by sulfite, bisulfite and metabisulfite, respectively, but not by thiosulfate. Pancreatic amylase was also inhibited by the same sulphur oxides.Degree of inhibition by sulphur oxide was less than that by salivary amylase.Measurement of amylase activity in the presence of a reducing agent such as sulphur oxides was established. Pepsin was weakly inhibited hydrolysis of casein with pre-incubation by sulfite, bisulfite, thiosulfate and metabisulfite, respectively.Trypsin was also inhibited by thiosulfate and metabisulfite. Microbial hydrolytic enzymes of Takadiastase A, Asp. fumigatus and NAGARSE were not effected by sulphur oxides.


Continuous rope monitoring is a new emerging application of rope NDT. It allows increasing safety of rope in stallations, which is especially important at dangerous industrial objects such as drilling rugs or mining shafts. At the same time their design and implementation makes to solve several problems, which are not actual for tradi tional MFL equipment. First of all monitoring systems should be have rugged designed and be able to work in severe working environment (high and low temperatures, high humidity, dust, vibration action) with minimum servicing needed. Secondly it should give a maximally easy to interpret condition indication, for example, as traffic light indication, so that it does not claim some special qualification of service personnel. Thirdly it should be based on automatic processing of representative measurement data. There is a row of some additional fea tures, which distinguish MFL equipment for continuous rope monitoring. These questions are discussed in the report in general and for the case of drilling rig rope monitoring.


Ratliff (p. viii) "has a twofold purpose: (1) to develop reading skills through the use of carefully graded selections that present themes of human and cultural interest, and (2) to develop communication skills through activities that focus on meaningful personal communication. . . . There are 18 chapters in Cara a cara, second edition, arranged in three levels. Level I employs the present tense and commands. Level II adds the preterite, imperfect, and progressive tenses. Level III includes the present perfect and past perfect tenses." The grading of the selections quite evidently refers to controlling the use of verb tenses. Others, such as Wegman (p. 5), make additional claims about sources of difficulty. "Because the verb tenses are the most difficult aspect of Spanish, the chapters of Ocho mundos are organized around the stepby-step introduction of the Spanish verb tenses. The first two chapters use only the present tense; the third present and preterite; the fourth present, preterite, and imperfect; and so on. ... A glance at the Table of


The present invention is in the field of new cancer therapies, specifically in the field of anti-angiogenic molecules. It relates in particular anti-Gb3 antibody having specific CDR sequences, as well as the use of anti-Gb3 antibodies not coupled to a therapeutic molecule in the treatment of diseases associated with angiogenesis, such as solid tumors.


Fr om the unexpected incidents on German political arena during the election of 200 5, we could figure out the key elements in the transformation of German politica l parties and society. The SPD and the mainstream political powers will continue the reform sparked by Schroeder even after his abdication. The New Black-Red c oalition government formed under the pressure for reforms is expected to cure th e German disease; however, it will face challenges and uncertainties when imposi ng influences over German party politics.


Crime in public transport covers a bewildering variety of offenses committed in forms of transport including trams, buses, subways, commuter trains, taxis, and jitneys. The targets of crime can be the system itself (as in vandalism or fare evasion), employees (as in assaults on ticket collectors), or passengers (as in pickpocketing or overcharging). A distinction must be made between crimes facilitated by overcrowding and by lack of supervision. Both are the result of financial constraints, plaguing all forms of public transport, which result in too little space for passengers at busy periods and not enough staff to supervise vehicles and facilities at other times. Many successful measures have been reported in dealing with specific crimes. More generally, much crime can be "designed out" of new subway systems and older train and bus stations, and order maintenance may be an effective transit policing strategy. Research has been less successful in determining whether transit systems spread crime from high- to lower-crime areas and whether some transit systems and forms of transport are much less safe than others are. Little success in deliberately reducing fear has been achieved. The security challenges presented by new light rail systems and forms of taxi service may not differ greatly from those encountered at present.


Information technology stratrgies from the united states and the european union: tranferring research for health care improvement , Information technology stratrgies from the united states and the european union: tranferring researc... , کتابخانه مرکزی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران


The automatic weight adjusting principle, hardware and software design of the weight adjusting signal process are introduced in detail. In the end, a weight adjusting experiment is carried out. The machining efficiency could be improved greatly with high quality machining.


Due to the ongoing globalisation and fast changes within the business environment companies are forced to adapt more quickly to customer needs. Therefore, they depend on reliable suppliers which pr ...


In this thesis we generalize a theorem of W. H. Lin.
Lin's results are concerned with the homotopy and cohomotopy
of an inverse system of spectra {P-k }. Using the quadratic
construction we construct an inverse system of spectra {P-k(E)}
We generalize Lin's results by studying the homotopy and cohomotopy
of {P-k(E)}.


Tropes of consumption (or implicit consumption) saturate the narrative texture of Bleak House (1853), Great Expectations (1861), and Our Mutual Friend (1865). In Bleak House, for example, the Smallweeds itemize the contents of Krook's Store with "ravenous little pens" (524); Chancery lawyers prosper "like maggots in nuts" (182); while Vholes's blue bags are "hastily stuffed, out of all regularity of form, as the larger sort of serpents are in their first gorged state" (605). In Great Expectations Miss Havisham anticipates that with her death, relatives will "come to feast upon me" (116); and when Orlik (whose name connotes distinctly oral activities) threatens to murder Pip, it seems to Pip that "he drew [his hand] across his mouth as if his mouth watered for me" (436). In Our Mutual Friend, likewise, a strain of images associated with feeding multiplies throughout the narrative. Wegg, for example, is figured as a human gastropod, living upon Cavendish House "with the air of a leech . . . that had 'taken' wonderfully" (88); while the description of Boffin's Bower as a "Dismal Swamp" has the effect, semantically, of reducing trades-people and fortune-hunters to little more than swimming stomachs ? "fish of the shark tribe" and "Alligators" ? and their commercial hopes to mere gastric impulse: they "[lie] by to drag the Golden Dustman under" (262).


Based upon analysis of present situations of construction supervision in our country problems existed in supervision work are introduced.Through analysis of their causing reasons corresponding countermeasures and suggestion are proposed in order to perfect construction supervision system.


Pa lm er W E The hip is susceptible to abnormal morphologies of the proximal femur and acetabular rim. Cam, pincer, and mixed morphologies are associated with chronic repetitive abutment that may cause painful limitation in motion and lead to the diagnosis of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) syndrome [1]. Early diagnosis and surgery are emphasized, with the goal of hip preservation. However, FAI morphology also occurs in individuals without symptoms. Because FAI morphology has been equated with FAI syndrome, rates of FAI diagnosis and therefore FAI surgery have skyrocketed, along with claims of overdiagnosis and overtreatment. Despite an overwhelming body of literature on FAI, research studies lack the strong scientific evidence needed to understand patient outcomes and establish practice guidelines. They diverge on outcome measures, diagnostic algorithms, management strategies, operative techniques, and rehabilitation protocols. Practice variations have led to uncertainty and confusion about the significance of FAI morphology. In the absence of practice guidelines, hip specialists have produced three interdisciplinary consensus statements to identify areas of agreement and disagreement in FAI syndrome [2–4]. Even if not contributing new scientific knowledge, consensus statements may improve quality and uniformity of patient care. They promote the opinions of experts who reach conclusions, whether through open debate or more rigorous techniques such as the Delphi methodology. Clinicians must then interpret and judge these opinions. The 2016 Warwick agreement [2] convened an international panel of 22 experts (one radiologist) representing five specialties to answer six questions. The first question "What is FAI syndrome?" introduced and formalized FAI as a clinical syndrome [2]. It was decided that the diagnosis of FAI requires a combination of positive symptoms, clinical signs, and imaging findings. Panelists dismissed the concepts of "asymptomatic FAI" and "radiological FAI," and rejected the role of prophylactic arthroscopy for hip preservation in patients with FAI morphology who do not have symptoms [2]. The second question "How should FAI syndrome be diagnosed?" generated specific details about the symptoms, clinical signs, and imaging findings that characterize FAI syndrome [2]. Panelists agreed that initial imaging evaluation should include an anteroposterior radiograph of the entire pelvis and a lateral femoral neck view of the symptomatic hip. This combination screens for FAI morphology and excludes other causes of hip pain, such as osteoarthritis or acetabular dysplasia. The panel reaffirmed that FAI morphology is essential in diagnosis of FAI syndrome but warned that "a substantial proportion of people in the general population are thought to have cam or pincer morphology" [2]. The 2019 International Society of Hip Preservation (ISHA) physiotherapy agreement [3] convened 11 physiotherapists and eight orthopedic surgeons to address hip examination and nonsurgical treatment in FAI syndrome. The panel used Delphi methodology to answer eight questions. The first question was "How should physiotherapists evaluate a patient presenting with hip pain?" [3]. The answer does not involve imaging but is important for radiologists to understand because it underscores important overlap in symptoms and signs. Physical examination should differentiate hip pain from lumbosacral or abdominal referred pain. It should test for intraarticular versus extraarticular sources of pain. Intraarticular disorders have several classifications including FAI syndrome, hypermobility, and hypomobility. The Warwick panel also viewed hip examinations as challenging [2]. FAI pain varies in location, character, severity, and precipitating factors. It can localize not only to the hip or groins but also the back, buttock, or thigh. Groin pain is especially problematic. The 2014 Doha agreement [5] combined a premeeting Delphi procedure with a 1-day consensus meeting to address groin injuries in athletes. Besides hip-related groin pain, it listed numerous overlapping conditions in four additional categories: adductor-, iliopsoas-, inguinal-, and pubic-related groin pain. The 2019 Lisbon agreement [4] on FAI imaging convened 30 panelists (21 radiologists, nine orthopedists) who used Delphi methodology to generate statements on FAI morphology, image interpretation, and reporting. It considered all major modalities. Imaging goals included identification of chondrolabral defects and detection of early or focal osteoarthritis. Similar to the Warwick and ISHA agreements, expert-based opinion was needed given the paucity of high-level scientific evidence and lack of uniformity in day-to-day practice [2, 3]. The panel concluded that "radiographic evaluation is the cornerstone of hip evaluation" [4] but restated the Warwick agreement's requirement for symptoms and clinical signs in the diagnosis of FAI syndrome [2]. Panelists stressed the importance of dedicated FAI protocols and standardized techniques for achieving reproducibility in image acquisition, qualitative assessment, and quantitative measurement. In cam morphology, they agreed that screening radiographs should combine anteroposterior pelvis and 45° Dunn views. The defining cam feature was increased alpha angle. Compared with radiographs, radial MRI or CT were believed to be more accurate and precise in determining the maximum alpha angle. In pincer morphology, panelists recommended the anteroposterior pelvis view for initial evaluation of acetabular version and coverage. Defining pincer features were crossover, posterior wall, or ischial spine signs for acetabular retroversion and abnormal center-edge angle of Wiberg or acetabular index for acetabular overcoverage. However, the panel acknowledged


Objective To investigate gastroenterologists' evidence-based medicine(EBM) practice regarding awareness and application and relevant factors as well.Methods Gastroenterologists in hospitals with the level above other districts and counties in Jiangxi province were requested to take part in the survey using questionnaires from December 2010 to February 2011.Results a) Questionnaires were returned by 414 doctors with a response rate of 84.7%,among whom 55.1% respondents were males with the age of 43.2±15.9 years.b) Sixty-four percent respondents were familiar with EBM,which was independently correlated with working experience no less than 10 years(OR=2.32,95%CI 1.47 to 3.67),from tertiary hospital(OR=1.81,95%CI 1.12 to 2.93),specialists in gastroenterology(OR=1.74,95%CI 1.06 to 2.85) and capability of manipulating endoscopy(OR=1.88,95%CI 1.11 to 3.17).c) Of all the respondents,53.1% accumulated clinical experience mainly from consensus/guideline,which was independently correlated with the age(OR=2.09,95%CI 1.83 to 3.24),education level(OR=2.36,95%CI 1.28 to 4.34) and capability of manipulating endoscopy(OR=2.10,95%CI 1.29 to 3.42).d) Only 39.4% of doctors mainly depended on EBM to make clinical decision,which was independently correlated with the position(OR=2.38,95%CI 1.57 to 3.61) and capability of making medical research(OR=1.63,95%CI 1.05 to 2.55).Conclusion e awareness of EBM in gastroenterologists is fairly good while the practice of medicine is actually in uenced by empirical medicine,especially in doctors with younger age,lower education level and lower position.


Presented research is intended for ontological identification of relevant specifications for semantic context integration of heterogeneous semistructured sources. Metainformation model is defined which includes uniform features for ontology, thesaurus and classifier modeling. Special technique for integration and mapping of different ontologies in this model is defined. The method for identification of specification element correlations in different contexts is considered.


A study was conducted at the University of Agriculture, Makurdi Nigeria on one of the most popular melon species in Nigeria known as 'egusi' melon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum and Nakai]. The aim was to monitor the effect of season and days after anthesis on seed quality. Bulk planting was done in the wet and dry seasons of 2005 and 2007. Ten harvests were made sequentially at three days interval from fruits that developed from tagged flowers beginning from 20 DAA to 47 DAA in 2005 and from 14 DAA at three days interval to 41 DAA in 2007 to monitor fruit and seed development and maturation with time. Significant (P < 0.05) increases in values of fruit length, diameter and weight progressed up to 26 DAA. Dry seed weight increased with maturation and was maximum when the fruits attained between 35 and 40 DAA. Significant increases in 100-seed weight of wet season production ended at 32 DAA whereas in the dry season, significant increases in this trait ceased at 38 and 23 DAA in 2005 and 2007 respectively. The highest seed germination values of 82 and 97.5% were obtained at 47 DAA (the last harvest) in both wet and dry season productions. Seeds produced in the wet season exhibited some degree of dormancy, which was broken during the first year of storage. Fruits harvested at the more matured age (47 DAA) produced better seed longevity than those harvested at earlier ages. It was therefore concluded from the study that delayed harvest of Citrullus lanatus fruits until when all vines and leaves on the plant are dry would result to better seed quality, and that seed crop of Citrullus lanatus should preferably be produced in the wet season for high seed vigour.


Abstract In this contribution we deal with the influence of plural and multiple scattering of high energy projectiles in two characteristic applications: Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) and the response of particle implanted and passivated silicon detectors (PIPS) to monoenergetic MeV alpha particles. In Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy, multiple scattering leads to a spread in the pathlength and in the scattering angle of the projectiles. Thus, the low energy edge of the RBS spectrum may be shifted noticeably. Also the energy transferred to the recoil atoms and the effective scattering cross section are not defined precisely. Due to plural scattering excessive path lengths of the projectiles in the target may occur, producing the 'low energy background', which also extends within the RBS peak. In cases, where the scattering probability is high (e.g. for low energy heavy ion scattering) projectiles are detectable even at energies above the expected high energy edge due to plural scatter...


In this article, we describe a general methodology for operations scheduling in dispensing and counting departments of pharmaceutical manufacturing plants. The departments are modeled as a multiobjective parallel machines scheduling problem under a number of both standard and realistic constraints, such as release times, due dates and deadlines, particular sequence-dependent setup times, machine unavailabilities, and maximum campaign size. Main characteristics of the methodology are the modularity of the solution algorithms, the adaptability to different objectives and constraints to fulfill production requirements, the easiness of implementation, and the ability of incorporating human experience in the scheduling algorithms. Computational experience carried out on two case studies from a real pharmaceutical plant shows the effectiveness of this approach. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009


Interconnecting a microminiature coaxial cable to a fully populated two-dimensional transducer array for diagnostic ultrasound is a significant challenge due to high element counts and termination densities. Pad grid array (PGA) structures allow inline interconnect to array contacts, but have not been previously demonstrated to allow elements to be interconnected at spacing matching the pitch of transducer arrays typical of 2.5 to 7.5 MHz diagnostic imaging (300 to 100 mm). PGAs provide a capable platform for experimentation and to allow transducer replacement because they are demountable. This paper reports on such a structure to allow a cabled 50 by 50 contact PGA to be connected by means of an anisotropic elastomeric anisotropic material to a 50 by 50 element transducer backing structure at 300 micron pitch, the acoustic half-wavelength normally used for 2.5 MHz imaging. Multiple flexible printed circuits provide the interconnect between coaxial cabling and a precision- drilled monolithic alumina substrate. The substrate is finished to provide a planar array of contact pads, each of which is used to contact gold wires embedded in a silicone medium which in turn connect to the backing electrodes of the transducer module. Using this approach, 97% of targeted interconnects were successfully accomplished. Acceptable pulse echo performance was demonstrated, suitable for diagnostic imaging.


The research investigated the contamination situation of Toxocara canis egg on the body surface of the dog in 30 meat dog and look after court dog and 25 pet dog.The results showed that contamination rate in meat dog and look after court dog pet dog was 30%、16%,respectively. Treating suffering dog and ascard carried dog which Alfendazole,effective of repel ascard was 100%.


Although most insects have compound eyes, considerable variation has evolved among their visual systems. Here I present two examples of insect eyes for which anatomical characteristics provided important clues to their functional organization. In adult male Strepsiptera large lenses and cup shaped retinae suggested the presence of small image‐forming eyes in place of ommatidia that otherwise are observed in compound eyes. Behavioral tests of the spatial resolution confirmed increased image resolution of these "eyelets". The bizarre tubular eyes of diving beetle larvae serve as another example: here, multiple linear retinae pointed to the possibility that these eyes may be used to scan the environment. Behavioral tests showed that this indeed is the case. Moreover the ultrastructural organization of microvilli within its UV‐sensitive distal retina implied that these cells could be polarization sensitive, a functional characteristic that we have confirmed physiologically. Although most insect eyes fall into a few well‐characterized categories, anatomical studies of highly unusual eyes continue to point towards interesting novel functional organizations of visual systems. This research is supported by the National Science Foundation.


This paper investigates the estimation of oxygen concentration for the roller kiln based on boundary measurements. Firstly, we establish the oxygen transportation model based on the principle of mass conservation. Secondly, we optimize the parameters of the proposed model by the least square method and particle swarm optimization (PSO). Then, we adopt the finite difference method based on second order central difference scheme to simulate the steady-state distribution. The resulting distribution is applied to estimate the internal furnace oxygen concentration. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by comparing the estimated concentration with the real sample data in terms of the root mean square error (RMSE) and the maximum average absolute error (MAE).


. We investigate the use of reduced precision arithmetic to solve the linear equation for the Newton step. If one 3 neglects the backward error in the linear solve, then well-known convergence theory implies that using single precision in the 4 linear solve has very little negative e(cid:11)ect on the nonlinear convergence rate. 5 However, if one considers the e(cid:11)ects of backward error, then the usual textbook estimates are very pessimistic and even the 6 state-of-the-art estimates using probabilistic rounding analysis do not fully conform to experiments. We report on experiments 7 with a speci(cid:12)c example. We store and factor Jacobians in double, single, and half precision. In the single precision case we 8 observe that the convergence rates for the nonlinear iteration do not degrade as the dimension increases and that the nonlinear 9 iteration statistics are essentially identical to the double precision computation. In half precision we see that the nonlinear 10 convergence rates, while poor, do not degrade as the dimension increases. 11 Audience. This paper is intended for students who have completed or are taking an entry-level graduate course in 12 numerical analysis and for faculty who teach numerical analysis. The important ideas in the paper are O notation, (cid:13)oating 13 point precision, backward error in linear solvers, and Newton's method.


The invention relates to a method for restraining crack of high-alloyed aluminum alloy and relative device. Said device is the plate blank electromagnetic continuous casting crystallizer, while the electromagnetic coil is inside water tank; the water baffle plate is arranged inside the water tank; and the crystallizer comprises four water supply chambers which are independently arranged in two large surfaces and two small surfaces; the water supply chambers supply water independently while the water amount is controllable; a shield matter is arranged at the angle; the inlet of melt aluminum alloy at the upper part of crystallizer is mounted with a bridge fusion current divider; and the inner side of internal wall of crystallizer is adhered with thermal isolated film. When using said device to 7000 alloy square blanks whose thickness is 150-450mm, the frequency should be 10-50Hz, and the intensity of magnetic field should be 10000-80000 ampere-turns; at the different process of casting, the water supply chambers supply different water amount; the casting speed is 20-50% higher than present technique. The invention can effectively restrain the crack of high-alloyed plate blank.


The paper presents computational fluid dynamics study of non-conventional insert vortex generator using Commercial software, to analyze the effect of vortex generator insert on heat transfer augmentation and fluid flow behavior. The study was done for Reynolds number 10000, 15000, 25000, 35000 and 45000 with working fluid as air flowing through a tube with a constant heat flux of 1000 w/m2. Current study validates the experimental results from the literature study. The heat transfer of these inserts with various geometrical arrangements viz. pitch to projected length ratio, angle of attack and height to inner diameter ratio are investigated here with the help of computational fluid dynamics software. The physical mechanism of formation and development of vortex flow from the leading edge to trailing edge of the insert is studied and it is observed that Nusselt number increases as an increment in Reynolds number. The ratio of augmented Nusselt number to smooth tube Nusselt number is found to be decreasing with increase in Reynolds number.


Road safety and emergency response are greatly improved by accurate and prompt accident detection. This study describes a novel method for accident detection that makes use of a Telegram bot for communication and a Raspberry Pi as an edge device. Based on video feeds, the system uses computer vision techniques, notably the YOLOv3 algorithm, to detect accidents in real-time. The system instantly notifies chosen receivers, such as emergency services or worried parties, via the Telegram bot when an accident is detected. Results from experiments show how well the system performs in terms of reliably recognizing accidents and sending out timely alerts. The system's real-time execution, useful applications, and highlighted restrictions offer insightful information for upcoming improvements. This paper offers a scalable and flexible solution for enhancing emergency response and road safety, which advances the field of accident detection and management.


A new hybrid compressed-air and fuel engine concept is proposed,which can work by both compressed-air powered engine mode and internal combustion engine mode.The new hybrid engine can fully display the characteristics of high torque and zero emission when powered by the compressed-air at the low speed,and it can work near the optimum state of low energy consumption and low emissions by the internal combustion mode.The new hybrid engine is modeled using the thermodynamic theory,and the simulation analysis is made in the pressure and temperature in cylinder,in the output torque,in the mean indicated pressure and other performance parameters.The simulation results show that the indicated mean pressure and other important performance parameters are approximate to those of the traditional internal combustion engine.Results show the feasibility of the new hybrid compressed-air and fuel engine concept in achieving fuel economy and emission reduction.


This article briefly introduces the definition of the CI strategy and the CS strategy,analyses the relations between the two and points out the deficiency of the CI strategy.It emphatically expounds that the CS strategy is the deepened stage of the CI strategy and proposes that we should extensively adopt the CS strategy so that the Chinese firms may have energetic competence after the entry into WTO.


The dynamic stochastic resource optimization problem in heterogeneous cloud radio access networks (H-CRANs) is researched in this paper, characterizing the cooperative beam-forming with fronthaul capacity and queue stability constraints. To make the average energy efficiency (EE) of remote radio heads (RRHs) arbitrarily close to the optimum and maintain system queue stability, the EE optimization problem considering congestion control is presented. Under the Lyapunov framework, the problem is reformulated as an optimal network-wide beam-former design of RRHs, which is solved through a generalized weighted minimum mean square error (WMMSE) approach. The mathematical analysis and simulation results demonstrate that an EE-delay tradeoff can be achieved by the proposed algorithm.


The purpose of this study is to conceptualize a construct of Tour Conductor Playfulness (TCP) and establish a set of reliable and valid measures for TCP. The construct of TCP introduces a new concept in tourism research, while also extending the application of playfulness theory. TCP also can help businesses train employees and serve as a tool for human resource management. Study 1 produced initial items through in-depth interviews and content analysis, and study 2 conducted two sample collections. First, an exploratory factor analysis was performed by investigating 253 tour conductors, and four factors were identified: playful guiding, enthusiastic guiding, creative guiding, and engaged guiding. Second, this scale was validated with a new sample of 396 tour conductors. We verified the reliability of the TCP scale through confirmatory factor analysis, convergent validity, and discriminant validity to finally obtain 23 items. Implications and suggestions for future research are provided.


Hot Rolled Sheet is an asphalt mixture which has gap gradation of coarse aggregate, fine aggregate and has a high content of bitumen to produce a good pavement. In this research, steel slag waste was used to replace coarse aggregate with size No. 1⁄2 "and 3/8" on HRS mixture. The aim of this study to determine the effect of utilizing steel slag as an aggregate in HRS mixture using Marshall design parameters. The method will be used consists of preparation of equipment and materials, testing of materials, design of specimens, Marshall testing, analysis and calculation, discussion and conclusions. The results showed that the addition of steel slag with a percentage of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of the aggregate size No. 3/8" gives better results when compared with the addition of steel slag with the size of 1⁄2" in terms of Marshall characteristics that includes the value of stability, flow, VIM, VMA, VFA, and MQ.


The paper reports on key findings of a research project that examined the roles that community-based sporting clubs in the Australian state of Victoria play in shaping young people's understandings and uses of alcohol. Our research imagined clubs as community hubs that are located in complex networks that impact on the ways that clubs understand their locations in communities, and which have unpredictable influences and consequences on club histories, culture and orientations to issues such as young people and alcohol use. The paper focuses on understanding the key roles played by club leaders in facilitating change and transformation in these contexts, particularly in terms of alcohol-related practices and the potential impact of these on young people's uses and understanding of alcohol. We situate these findings in a framework that draws on the literature of complexity science and complex adaptive systems (CAS) to suggest that these practices and changes need to be understood in ways that allow for complexity, uncertainty, emergent behaviours and adaptive change.


This paper presents results of multiaxial strength tests on various high-performance concretes (HPCs) with uniaxial compressive strength from 58 to 94 MPa. A large number of stress ratios of biaxial compression-tension, compression-compression, and triaxial compression tests were investigated. Experiments were performed using a servohydraulic jack with variable stress ratios, whereas steel brushes were used to transfer the load to the specimen. With increasing uniaxial strength the obtained normalized multiaxial strength decreases. The results, along with mathematical approximations, are discussed for the description of failure. The formulated failure criteria for HPC can be used, e.g., in finite-element simulations. The increase in strength by acting a multiaxial compressive stress state or the decrease in strength by acting a compressive-tensile stress state related to the uniaxial compressive strength can be considered and enables a better material exploitation.


In this chapter there is pointed out the construction of the
tax base in case of employees and self-employed persons. The
second group has a possibility to use so called lump sum
expenses. Author is trying to confirm or disprove the
hypothesis that lump sum expenses are useful for both state
(easy and cheap tax administration) and self-employed persons
(lower taxation and easier evidence). The aim of this article
is to decide, if lump sum expenses are useful for state and its
tax revenue and if there is any need (and eventually how) to
amend legal regulation of the personal income tax base.


The purpose of this study is to understand the present condition about the space planning and furnishing of the infant nursing rooms of the child care centers in San Francisco Bay Areas, U.S.A.. The study was conducted in two parts. First, we investigated the physical condition of the centers through sketching, measuring, taking pictures and observation. Second, to understand the user's need, the interview to the directors of the centers was performed. As a result, the followings were proposed. The Korean guideline for the nursing grouping for the infant has to be sub-divided by the development stages. And the ratio between infant and teachers has to be improved than present regulation. The functional areas such as toilet. washing space(changing diaper table), space for preparing milk(kitchenet) and also napping room have to be well organized into the nursing rooms specially for the infant. Various ideas for arranging above functions in the small nursing rooms have to be developed. The new standard guidelines for the furnishing of the nursing room by the ages should be developed.


ROBERT DE BORON does not rank among the best writers of his age. He is prolix and repetitious and his verse has none of the ease and sprightliness of Chretien de Troyes. Pauphilet calls him sec et maladroit. Yet, despite his weakness as a stylist, he has the sense of structure and plot that inspired the vast GrailLancelot cycle of Arthurian prose-romance. Moreover, it was he who connected the Grail story with Biblical history and thus gave the impulse to its complete Christianization. No longer were the conte de Bretaigne open to the charge of being si vain et plaisant.1 I have, therefore, thought it worth while to put into succinct and convenient form the material on Robert existing in scattered monographs and articles. My object is to give a fairly complete picture of who Robert was and what he wrote, quite aside from the degree to which he may have influenced other writers. TEXTS. Little has survived of the work he planned under the title of La grant Estoire dou Graal. Of this prospective work only the first part, or Verse Joseph (3514 verses), and a portion of a second part, or Merlin (502 verses), are known today. Both texts are extant in a single manuscript, B.N.f. 20047, edited by Francisque Michel in 18412 and by myself in 1927.3 There exists, however, a prose redaction of the Joseph, edited by Hucher4 and by Weidner;5 and the socalled Huth-Merlin, edited by Gaston Paris and Ulrich6 contains a prose Merlin corresponding (down to Vol. I, p. 146) to a complete version of Robert's fragmentary poem. If we add hereto the Didot-Perceval edited by Roach,7 which may represent he substance of a Perceval by Robert, we have the material for an account of Robert's achievement as an author. But, before entering on the problem of what portion of his plan Robert actually carried out, it is well to consider who Robert de Boron was.


Abstract Large amounts of microdata are collected by data custodians in the form of censuses and administrative records. Often, data custodians will collect different information on the same individual. Many important questions can be answered by linking microdata collected by different data custodians. For this reason, there is very strong demand from analysts, within government, business, and universities, for linked microdata. However, many data custodians are legally obliged to ensure the risk of disclosing information about a person or organisation is acceptably low. Different authors have considered the problem of how to facilitate reliable statistical inference from analysis of linked microdata while ensuring that the risk of disclosure is acceptably low. This article considers the problem from the perspective of an Integrating Authority that, by definition, is trusted to link the microdata and to facilitate analysts' access to the linked microdata via a remote server, which allows analysts to fit models and view the statistical output without being able to observe the underlying linked microdata. One disclosure risk that must be managed by an Integrating Authority is that one data custodian may use the microdata it supplied to the Integrating Authority and statistical output released from the remote server to disclose information about a person or organisation that was supplied by the other data custodian. This article considers analysis of only binary variables. The utility and disclosure risk of the proposed method are investigated both in a simulation and using a real example. This article shows that some popular protections against disclosure (dropping records, rounding regression coefficients or imposing restrictions on model selection) can be ineffective in the above setting.


Location-based systems for indoor positioning have been studied widely owing to their application in various fields. The fingerprinting approach is often used in Wi-Fi positioning systems. The K-nearest-neighbor fingerprinting algorithm uses a fixed number of neighbors, which reduces positioning accuracy. Here, we propose a novel fingerprinting algorithm, the enhanced weighted K-nearest neighbor (EWKNN) algorithm, which improves accuracy by changing the number of considered neighbors. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm gives higher accuracy.


Generalized thermohydrodynamics is used to provide for a basis to compute transport coefficients of a binary isothermal solution consisting of a viscoelastic fluid in a viscous solvent. A description is made of the states of this system using, besides the conventional conserved densities, a set of non-conserved variables provided by the stress tensor and the mass flux of one of the components. Within a linearized scheme, the solution to the evolution equations obeyed by the latter ones provides a set of constitutive equations which are in general both wave vector and frequency dependent. When the constitutive equations are substituted into the conservation equations, a complete set is obtained from which all relevant quantities may be computed. These involve wave vector and frequency dependent expressions for the transport coefficients as well as the dynamic structure factor which may be obtained by light or neutron scattering. These results are analyzed and compared with other ones existing in the literature.


We present the design, architecture and experimental results of the low jitter Clock and Data Recovery (CDR) and Phase Locked Loop (PLL) circuit in the Low-Power Gigabit Transceiver (lpGBT) ASIC. This circuit includes a low noise radiation-tolerant integrated LC-oscillator with a nominal frequency of 5.12 GHz to support a 10.24 Gbps uplink and a 2.56 Gbps downlink CDR. This CDR employs a novel loop architecture with a high-speed feed forward loop stabilization technique. A test circuit was fabricated in a 65 nm CMOS technology and has been tested experimentally for correct operation in the foreseen radiation environment.


The preparation of the RT-4 antistatic conductive and corrosion protective coatings has been described.The influnences on static conductive properties has also been discussed.


The acronym TSA could just as well stand for "tactics to suppress accountability." It's an object lesson in the misuse of technology toward ill-defined ends.


Bilingual semantic term association is very useful in cross-language information retrieval, statistical machine translation, and many other applications in natural language processing. In this paper, we present a method, named SBA-term, which applies sparse linear regression (Lasso, Least Squares with l1 penalty) and L2 rescaling for design matrix to the task of bilingual term association. The approach hinges on formulating the task as a feature selection problem within a classification framework. Our experimental results indicate that our novel proposed method is more efficient than co-occurrence at extracting relevant bilingual terms semantic associations. In addition, our approach connects the vibrant area of sparse machine learning to an important problem of natural language processing.


Abstract Sodium chloride solutions were cooled from above in the laboratory. Supercooling of the order of 1C was always observed at the surface prior to freezing. The magnitude of the supercooling varied and is inferred to be dependent upon the boundary layer thickness and the availability of freezing nuclei.


The happy function, S, squares the base 10 digits of a positive integer and sums them together. A positive integer, a, is called a happy number if there exists some k ∈ Z+ such that Sk(a) = 1 [7, 8]. Previous work has been done on the happy function [2, 5], the happy function with different integer powers [4], the happy function with different base number systems [3, 6], and constants added to the final sum of integers[1].


Methyl methacrylate(MMA) was used to graft onto and modify chloroprene rubber(CR).And orthogonal experimental design method and visualization visualized global optimization method,as a new optimization method for the operation of industrial process,were used to analyze,forecast and optimize the conditions of preparing.The performance of film was analyzed.The results showed that the primary and secondary order of factors,affecting the shear strength,were the concentration of methyl MMA,the concentration of BPO,solvent content,reaction temperature,reaction time.As the grafting rate increased,the shear strength also increased.The optimum conditions were obtained when the quality of CR,MMA,mixed solvents,BPO were 100,60,1.0,750phr respectively,the reaction temperature was 82.5℃,the reaction time was 4hours.And the prepared CR-MMA adhesive'grafting rate was 39.57% and the adhesion strength for UHMWPE and 45 # steel was 0.8234Mpa.Grafted MMA destroyed the array regularity of the CR molecular structure and improved the CR's heat resistance.CR-MMA adhesive's heat-resistant temperature was up to 200℃or more.


ABSTRACT Walleye were stocked at 20 fry/m3 and raised for 45-47 days in earthen ponds that were fertilized with organic or inorganic fertilizers. Organically fertilized ponds received periodic doses of alfalfa meal and torrula yeast. Nitrogen and phosphorus levels of 600 ug/L and 30 ug/L, respectively, were maintained by twice-weekly additions of liquid fertilizers in ponds of the inorganic treatment. Growth, survival, and production offish were not affected by the fertilizer treatment. The use of inorganic fertilizers is recommended for the pond production of walleye because it is easier and less costly than traditional methods involving the use of organic fertilizers.


The effect of age on discrimination of masked speech was studied in white noise at four masking levels, the SIN ratios being + 22, +12, + 2 and -3 dB. Discrimination of masked speech fell as a function of age, the first significant differences from normal being obtained after 40 years of age using S/N ratios of +22 and +12 dB. The age groups over 50 years differed significantly from normal at all levels of noise. The discrimination scores decreased progressively when low S/N ratios were used and with advancing age. No significant differences appeared between the right and left ears.


【Objective】To explore the effect of suspension-bed in the early nursing care of extensive burn patients.【Methods】A total of 128 patients were randomly divided into two groups,control group and experimental group.The experimental group was in the conventional care in addition to suspension-bed care.【Results】The incidence of complications in the experimental group was significantly lower than the control group(P0.05),average length of hospitalization time was significantly shorter than the control group(P0.05),patient satisfaction was significantly higher than the control group(P0.05).【Conclusions】As an advanced medical equipment,suspension-bed can improve the work efficiency and improve nursing care quality,at the same time to reduce the incidence of complications


The goal of this project is to explore the use of reinforcement learning techniques to address a difficult problem domain. The SpaceWar task is a competitive, continuousvalued, partially observable problem domain that provides a fun and interesting challenge for machine learning algorithms. This project focuses on the application of online policy-gradient reinforcement learning techniques to train a neural net controller for a ship. This paper shows that the OLGARB algorithm is effective for learning obstacle avoidance strategies for SpaceWar, and compares results across several values of the main tuning parameter for the algorithm.


Ephedra gerardiana is an important medicinal plant used as Soma in Indian Ayurvedic system of medicine and as Traditional Chinese Medicine since several thousand years. Excessive use of this plant has led to decline in its natural population. Present report describes the use of TDZ in MS for induction of somatic embryos and shoot buds in internodal and nodal segment cultures of E. gerardiana. Somatic embryos were obtained from internodal segment culture onto MS + 0.5 to 1 µM TDZ. In case of nodal segment culture, lower concentrations of TDZ induced only shoot buds in 63.33 - 88.88 per cent cultures. Onto higher concentrations, all cultures showed callus induction with shoot bud formation. Shoot buds elongated and rooted onto one fourth strength of MS having 20 µM IBA. Rooted shoots were transferred to plastic pots.


Abstract In this paper the authors provide a new perspective on the emerging trends and way forward for design in healthcare. The article is based on an analysis of 20 chapters and 26 case studies contributed by design research experts for an international book in Design for Health (currently in press1) edited by the authors. The paper aim is to provide design researchers, with an interested in health, with new insights. Focusing on the five identified emergent trends in design for healthe the authors discuss how designers can contribute to different dimensions of health (in public, acute, chronic healthcare and in ageing well), as dictated by several of the healthcare challenges and opportunities created by design research and the advent of digital technology. The analysis reveals that design has the capacity to contribute significantly to future healthcare. It has also revealed that the key agenda going forward and requiring immediate attention is that of preventative healthcare.


The objective of this study was to confirm the increase in insulin resistance index and free fatty acid concentration after administration in different duration of testosterone propionate and placebo in Rattus Novergicus strain wistar as an PCOS model. This study was performed at animal test facility and Pathology Clinic Department in Veterinary Faculty, Airlangga University, November 2007 until January 2008 period, as approved by Animal Research ethics committee, Veterinary Faculty, Airlangga University. This was an experimental research with randomized post test only control group design. Sample are consecutively recruited based on inclusive criteria and divided into two groups. The interventional group were stimulated with testosterone propionate for 14, 21 and 28 days. Concentration of glucose were measured by glucose oxydase method, meanwhile insulin and free fatty acid were measured by ELISA method. Insulin resistance index was measured with HOMA. There were significant increases in insulin resistance index between interventional and control groups. Statistically insulin resistance index on serum rat interventional group is significantly increase from control group in 14 days administration (3.7933 ± 0.5416 0.1800 ± 3.5350, p< 0.05), in 21 days administration (7.4950 ±  2.5289 13.2017 ± 4.6473, p< 0.05), and in 28 days administration (8.2950 ± 2.5403 20.1100 ± 9.8162, p< 0.05). Statistically free fatty acid concentration on serum rat interventional group is significantly increase from control group in 21 days administration (0.4467 ± 0.1199 1.1033 ± 1.6224, p< 0.05), and in 28 days administration (0.545 ± 0.2471 2.265 ± 1.7539, p< 0,05) but not in group 14 days administration. In conclusion, insulin resistance index on serum rat interventional groups is significant increase from control group. Free fatty acid concentration on serum rat interventional group is significant increase from control group in 21 and 28 days administration.


Common-rail fuel injection device, characterized in that the apparatus comprises the following: a common rail (1) for storing high pressure fuel; an injector (2) for injecting the data stored in the common rail (1) high-pressure fuel into an engine; a pressure sensor (31) for measuring a pressure of the stored in the common rail (1) high-pressure fuel; to write a high-pressure pump (15) and having a pressurizing chamber (22) for sucking and pressurizing the fuel, the pressurized to in the pressurizing chamber (22) high-pressure fuel to the common rail (1), wherein the high-pressure pump (15) is constructed such that a discharge amount of the high-pressure fuel is adjustable; and control means (4) for controlling the discharge amount, wherein the control device (4) a control command to the high pressure pump output (15), to cause the high-pressure pump (15) to deliver the high-pressure fuel by a predetermined amount when a speed of the engine in the process of reducing the pressure of the common rail (1) decreases due to an occurrence of a delay command to the engine to a predetermined measurement item value, and said control means (4) a Druckveranderungsabfuhleinrichtung (S9) for sensing a line pressure change in the common rail (1) based on a Abfuhlwert, which is sensed with the pressure sensor (31) at this time.


This paper reports an investigation into the factors that limit the performance of recent model-based digital image enhancement. These algorithms mitigate the reduction of image contrast due to atmospheric scattering. A model is formulated for the peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) in the output image as a function of the range, wavelength and atmospheric conditions. The predictions from this model are compared with the results from field tests of a CCD-based imaging system in haze conditions.


Proper transport of iron is very crucial for plant growth and development as it participates in various complex processes in plants like absorption, translocation etc. It also acts as an important component for processes like photosynthesis and respiratory electron transport chain in mitochondria, chloroplast development, and chlorophyll biosynthesis. Asian soils suffer from iron toxic condition and that adversely affects the growth and yield of the plant. This review describes the importance of iron in plant growth and different strategies adopted by plants for iron uptake. It also focuses on different methods and approaches on how plant can cope against acidic soils.


A s interesting and somewhat rare case of hydatid disease came t o m)notice a few .vc-celrs ago. Xrs. A., nullipara, aged 26, and a patient of Dr. Xiiir, of Sterkstroom, C.C., was sent to mc suffering from menstrual irregularity, stwility and diffnse pains in the pelvic cavity. The patient prescnted n o special history except that of dysmenorrhea, fo r n-hich the uterus had already been dilated, and some irritability of the bladder, which on one occasion had led t o difficult micturition and inability to relieve herself for almost 24 hours. The digestive functions were much impaired and the tongue coated. Frequent vomiting of an obstinate character, constipation and headaclics, we're mptoms complained of, but there was no urticaria, or The patient had been married a little over 12 months and was veiy anxious to have a child. The husband denied ex-er having suffered from ponorrhcea and was apparently in excellent health. Wi th the letter containing notes on previous treatment Dr. Muir mentioned thc presence 01 some diffuse swelling in the pelvis which, however, he did n o t specify. On palpating the abdomen an irregnlar swelling was readily detected midway between the pubis a n d umbilicus. It was really movable, almost ovoid in shape, painless and could be pushed with ease right under the liver surface. I t s median position. its great range of freedom suggested a growth connected either with the bowels, or omentum, or possibly a wandering kidney. Deep pressure above the pubes revealed the presence of an irregular mass, lobulated, hard and lying on a plane highcr than the pelvic brim. (311 vaginal examination the fundiis uteri was distinctly prrcrptible in its normal, if somewhat less anteverted, position, it was enlarged and tender, and lay on a higher plane than usual, the cervical ns


The invention relates to a high rate composting method and equipment thereof. The method comprises the following steps: sending organic solid waste to separation equipment for separation and recycling; making the waste into grains and sending the grains into a materialized pretreatment groove; adding a wetting agent, a bond dissociation agent and water beyond saturation state of materials; after stirring, sending the mixture into a high speed stable kettle for heating and pressurizing; maintaining the material in the reaction kettle at liquid and solid state; adding an oxidizer and a heavy metal remover; after reducing pressure to reduce pressure in a vessel, sending the mixture to a high speed activation kettle; adding a softening agent and an activation agent for an activation reaction under the condition of increasing temperature and pressure; and carrying out steam instant explosion operation by leading material to a product finery and controlling humidity, granularity and nutriment in a fertilizer within a range as required. By the method, the organic waste can be transferred to high quality compost in an hour and hydroscopic property, moisture retaining quality, adsorptivityof N, P, K and trace elements needed by plants, ventilation property, thermal insulation, flood-resistance and desertification resistance can be improved greatly, bacterium and parasites can be killed completely, poisonous organic compound can be decomposed and excess heavy metal in material can be stabilized or removed.


The workability,cube compressive strength and axial compressive strength of recycled aggregate concrete are tested,which is based on the testes of natural concrete.The percentages of recycled aggregate are 0,30%,50% and 100%,with or without superplasticizer.The results show that recycled coarse aggregate replacement rate has different influences on the fluidity,cohesive properties and water retention property of concrete.Proper amount of superplasticizer can enhance the fluidity of concrete.In the case of the same water-cement ratio,the cube compressive strength and axial compressive strength of recycled aggregate concrete are higher than the natural concrete when the recycled coarse aggregate replacement rate is 30%.The development of compressive strength of recycled aggregate concrete with the ages is similar to the ones of natural concrete.


Abstract: "When there is a decision of Smart, for what reason to pick just better." Eucalyptus bark and syzygium barks are very abundant, inexpensive and forest residues. It was decided to do experiment with it as a potential adsorbent for the removal of certain metals in industrial waste water. The efficiency of eucalyptus bark and syzygium cumini bark as a low cost sorbents for removing cadmium ions from aqueous solution has been investigated in batch mode. In order to study the variables that define the process, the variables selected were: Time, metal ion concentration, pH variation, Adsorbent dosage and particle size. Batch mode experiments were conducted to observe the effects of selected variables. It was verified that all the variables studied had significant influence on the adsorption process. Maximum cadmium uptake was obtained at 70 minutes for Eucalyptus bark and 60 minutes for Syzygium cumini bark. The equilibrium data could be well described by the Langmuir isotherm but a worse fit was obtained by the Freundlich model. Keywords: Eucalyptus bark, Syzygium cumini bark, adsorbent, cadmium, waste water.


Disclosed is a steel wire gauze frame heat preservation external pattern plate cast-in-place reinforced concrete composite wall structure. The steel wire gauze frame heat preservation external pattern plate cast-in-place reinforced concrete composite wall structure comprises a heat preservation plate. The inner side of the heat preservation plate and the outer side of the heat preservation plate are respectively provided with a concrete layer and a prefabricated heat preservation layer; a bonding fire protection layer is placed between the heat preservation plate and the concrete layer, and a bonding fire protection layer is placed between the heat preservation plate and the prefabricated heat preservation layer; a mortar enhancement layer is placed outside the prefabricated heat preservation layer; steel wire gauze frames are planted in the prefabricated heat preservation layer, the preservation plate and the concrete layer; a connecting fixing rod is fixedly connected with the steel wire gauze frames after sequentially penetrating through the mortar enhancement layer, the prefabricated heat preservation layer, the outside bonding fire protection layer, the heat preservation plate, the inside bonding fire protection layer and the concrete layer; and the outer end of the connecting fixing rod is located in the mortar enhancement layer, and the inner end of the connecting fixing rod is located in the concrete layer. The steel wire gauze frame heat preservation external pattern plate cast-in-place reinforced concrete composite wall structure is reasonable in structural design, convenient and fast to conduct construction technology and low in comprehensive construction cost, achieves synchronized construction of building heat preservation and a building structure, is good in heat preservation effect, excellent in fire protection performance in the construction and using process, and achieves the purpose that service life of heat preservation and service life of a building wall are the same.


This essay looks at London in the second half of the nineteenth century, when features of musical life associated with a capitalist economy and the consolidation of power of a wealthy industrial bourgeoisie became firmly established. Prominent among such features, which are all closely related to the rapid increase in urban populations, were the commercialization and professionalization of music, new markets for cultural goods, a growing rift between art and entertainment, and the bourgeoisie's struggle for cultural domination.


We presenta caseinwhichanintracranialtumour replacing allintracranial contents wasdiagnosed bysonography at 31weeks'gestation. Thepatient wasdelivered by caesareansectionand died shortly afterdelivery. At necropsy, the tumourwasfoundtobeateratomawith no recognisable normal braintissue present. Additional findings atnecropsy included pulmonaryandadrenalhypoplasia. The diagnosis and prognosis of intracranial teratomasdiagnosedin utero, andtheassociation ofthistumour withpulmonaryhypoplasia, are discussed. (J7 MedGenet1993;30:880-2) Teratomas arethemostcommonintracranial neoplasms occurring inutero, butarevery rare; onlyabout20cases havebeendiagnosed inutero.'-7 Inmostofthese cases, sonographic evaluation wasprompted inthelatesecond trimester orthirdtrimester bysuddenacceleration inthegrowthoftheuterusina previously uncomplicated pregnancy.45 Sonographic findings rangefromhydrocephalus in association withanintracranial masstomacrocephaly withapparent replacement ofnormal intracranial structures withdisorganised solid andcystic tumourmasses; extracranial extensionhasalso beenreported.7 Withrareexceptions, intracranial teratomasdiagnosed in uterohavefatal outcomes. Here, wepresent a caseinwhichamassive intracranial tumour, presumed tobeateratoma, wasdiagnosed in utero. Thefetus wasfoundatdelivery tohave pulmonary hypoplasia. We speculate thatdestruction ofmidbrain centres controlling res


Foreign Direct Investment are a very important segment of the economic activity of a country, due to the effects that they bring.
Foreign Direct Investments in Albania are often considered as the locomotive of the country because of their concentration in
important sectors of its economy. In theory, in literature and also in practice, the effects of foreign direct investments (FDI) are
known. FDI have brought significant positive effects on the economy, but this certainly does not mean that the presence of
FDIs in the economy of a country is not associated with adverse effects Specifically the main purpose of this paper is the
theoretical viewpoint and the links that it suggests for FDI in general. One of the main links that the theory suggests is the
connection between FDI and economic growth. But later, as the ultimate purpose, remains the connectivity testing of FDIs in
the country with economic growth, to test the authenticity of their connection, finding out whether this connection is statistically
significant or not. The structure of this paper is divided into three main parts. Initially is intended to provide a theoretical frame
and to look at the definitions and links of FDI with various economic aspects. Secondly we will make an empirical analysis of
FDI connection with economic growth, which can be viewed in two perspectives: the diagnostic (graphic) and statistical
(econometric connection). Finally we will give the conslucions on this subject.
 DOI: 10.5901/ajis.2013.v2n3p239


Particle image velocimetry (PIV) is an optical, laser based, measurement of fluid velocity and its 2D/3D visualisation. We have presented a new approach in low-cost PIV design using: 1) fast industrial camera, 2) laser pointer, with cylindrical lens for continual fluid flow illumination, 3) acquisition software developed in house, 4) OpenPIV analysis software. Velocity was measured in the glass jar where swirl flow was generated by magnetic stirrer. In this pilot study, results obtained by calibration device based on Laser Doppler anemometry and our PIV results are in good agreement.


This report discusses the natural gas pipeline project, Nord Stream 2, that would allow Germany to increase the amount of natural gas it imports directly from Russia via the Baltic Sea, which has been criticized by President Trump.


This paper places Leo Tolstoy's often dismissed aesthetic treatise, What is Art?, in the context of the philosophical debate concerning aesthetic judgment. I examine Tolstoy's argument for the very possibility of making aesthetic judgments, and suggest that his aesthetics proceed from an attempt to reconcile the subjective and the normative aspects of our aesthetic experience. Moreover, I show that Tolstoy, like Kant, seeks to preserve the autonomy of aesthetic judgment so that it may inform moral judgment. His polemics, his moralizing, and his denunciations of the greatest works of Western culture have tended to obscure this fact.


Geotextiles are usually constructed as a protective layer of geomembranes in liner systems for the solid waste landfill. A protective layer and geomembrane are susceptible to mechanical damage by coarse grains in the overlying drainage layer. In this study, therefore, the strain behavior of geotextile protective layers was investigated using three different types of devices for developing punctiform loads. The results of the study showed that the rates of strain was different depend upon device types for punctiform loads. Also, It was found that the increases in strain was approximately linear in range 20 to , and pp-filament non-woven geotextiles yielded a better efficiency than pp-staple fiber non-woven geotextiles.


On the basis of a statistical analysis of our data, Drs Ong and Barnett have questioned the value of the test for antibody-coated bacteria to accurately localize infections of the urinary tract. We feel that their conclusions are not warranted, since our study was not designed to determine the ability of this test to differentiate upper from lower tract disease. We emphasized clearly that the conditions of our patients were separated into clinical syndromes that were not confirmed by direct localization procedures, since such procedures were generally neither indicated clinically nor performed. Even if we assume that our ability to clinically differentiate symptomatic upper from lower tract disease is perfect, and it is not, the assumption by Ong and Barnett that all of our patients with asymptomatic bacteriuria had lower tract disease is not justified. Depending on the composition of the population studied, direct localization studies by others as well


Despite Kakadu National Park encompassing only a small area of estuarine and marine environments, this habitat together with the Park's rivers, make it internationally significant for threatened euryhaline elasmobranchs (sharks and rays capable of tolerating a wide range of salinity). Ongoing survey work is documenting populations of a number of key species in the Alligator Rivers system (PM Kyne et al. unpublished data), and indeed Kakadu National Park is the only large protected area anywhere in the world that provides refuge for these species. Additionally, one species of threatened marine turtle, the Flatback Turtle Natator depressus, nests annually in the Park, which is a locally and regionally important rookery (Schäuble et al. 2006). Other marine turtles occur on occasion in Kakadu waters, but given that only minimal areas of their habitat are included in the Park boundaries and they do not generally nest there, the Park is not considered important for these species. There are no national or Northern Territory (NT) listed threatened marine mammals in Kakadu National Park, although three species (two cetaceans and one sirenian) of conservation concern are noteworthy. There are also no national or NT listed threatened bony fishes (teleosts) in Kakadu National Park, although a brief discussion on some conservation issues related to bony fishes is provided.


Al-8.5Fe-1.3V-1.7Si alloys are prepared by spray forming technique.The microstructure and mechanical properties of the alloys are studied using transmission electron microscopy,X-ray diffraction,and tensile tests. The secondary phases in the microstructure of the spray-deposited alloy are examined.The tensile test results indicate that the spray-deposited Al-8.5Fe-1.3V-1.7Si alloy both at room and elevated temperature displays superior tensile strength due to the presence of the thermally stable Al_(12)(Fe,V)_3 Si particles.


Exp. I demonstrated that positive incentive contrast effects in an operant conditioning chamber produced by an increase in the concentration of a saccharine solution in 30 180-day-old rats (older animals) are not found in 30 25-day-old rats (younger rats). Exp. II indicated that the probability of obtaining positive contrast with 60 male albino rats is a positive function of the length of the preshift period.


Today, mobile devices are widely used by many tourists. They can use mobile for accessing information about all sightseeing around the world. On the other hand, it seems essential to personalize the content due to diversity of learners and variation of the tools they use. On the whole, the goal for personalization is to suggest a collection of comprehensive activities, taking into consideration factors such as location, user preferences and interests and so on. One of the applications of recommender systems is in tourism industry. Mobile devices can be used in sites such as museums. Demands of different people such as students, tourists and ordinary people can be met in spite of their diverse features and preferences. The purpose of this paper is to give a model which is able to recommend new locations to visitors in a museum while the visitor is given essential information about the certain features of the suggested site.


The robust stabilization via state feedback for discrete-time singular systems with norm-bounded time-invariant parameter uncertainties in the matrix E is discussed. Without the regularity of the systems, the equivalence between this problem and the robust stabilization via state feedback for uncertain standard statespace discrete-time linear systems is obtained. In terms of LMI, a necessary and sufficient condition that there exists a robust state feedback stabilizing controller such that the closed-loop system is regular, causal and stable for all admissible uncertainties is given, the design method of the controller and a controller are also given.


For mixed signal circuits that integrate both analog and digital blocks onto the same chip, testing the mixed circuits has become the bottleneck. Since most of mixed signal circuits are functionally tested, mixed signal testing needs expensive automatic test equipments for test input generation and response acquisition. In this paper, a new efficient BIST is developed which can be used for mixed signal circuits. In the new BIST, only faults on embedded resistances, capacitances and its combinations are considered. To guarantee the quality of chips, the new BIST performs both voltage testing and phase testing. Using these two testing modes, all the faults are detected. In order to support this technique, the voltage detector and the phase detector are developed. Experimental results prove the efficiency of the new BIST


Innovative applications of image processing techniques for analysis of intravascular ultrasound images are presented. This work has two main objectives: (1) to detect the luminal contour which is necessary to assess the degree of vessel stenosis, and (2) to detect presence of calcification, which is an important information for definition of the intervention method. These problems were addressed using a combination of mathematical morphology techniques, fuzzy systems, and a priori knowledge of the problems. Encouraging results were found when the results were compared with images manually segmented by expert medical doctors.


In the last decade, researchers, practitioners and companies struggled for devising mechanisms to detect cyber-security threats. Among others, those efforts originated rule-based, signature-based or supervised Machine Learning (ML) algorithms that were proven effective for detecting those intrusions that have already been encountered and characterized. Instead, new unknown threats, often referred to as zero-day attacks or zero-days, likely go undetected as they are often misclassified by those techniques. In recent years, unsupervised anomaly detection algorithms showed potential to detect zero-days. However, dedicated support for quantitative analyses of unsupervised anomaly detection algorithms is still scarce and often does not promote meta-learning, which has potential to improve classification performance. To such extent, this paper introduces the problem of zero-days and reviews unsupervised algorithms for their detection. Then, the paper applies a question-answer approach to identify typical issues in conducting quantitative analyses for zero-days detection, and shows how to setup and exercise unsupervised algorithms with appropriate tooling. Using a very recent attack dataset, we debate on i) the impact of features on the detection performance of unsupervised algorithms, ii) the relevant metrics to evaluate intrusion detectors, iii) means to compare multiple unsupervised algorithms, iv) the application of meta-learning to reduce misclassifications. Ultimately, v) we measure detection performance of unsupervised anomaly detection algorithms with respect to zero-days. Overall, the paper exemplifies how to practically orchestrate and apply an appropriate methodology, process and tool, providing even non-experts with means to select appropriate strategies to deal with zero-days.


Since the publication of the 2005 version several smaller issues have been discovered, such as textual inconsistencies and grammatical errors. We hope that most of these have been fixed in this 2006 update. A clarification has been made for symbol (529.1): Steps shall always be represented with a 0.07 mm line. The symbol (710) has been removed. The symbol (709) shall be used also for dangerous areas.


Chicken pox is a disease of childhood caused by varicella zoster virus belonging to the α-herpesvirus-3 family. But the clinical presentation in adults is uncommon and is usually associated with complications. The complications are more commonly seen in immunocompromised individuals and in people who get infected at the later age group. Since the varicella zoster virus rarely causes cerebellar disease in adults, hence here we report a non-immunized, immune-competent adult patient presented to the emergency department with unsteadiness in gait, profuse sweating, exanthematous vesicular rash. We made a diagnosis of acute cerebellar ataxia due to varicella zoster virus and treated accordingly.


This research seeks to examine the quality of service of the three main telecommunications operators (Zain, Orange and Umniah) in Jordan for year 2016 in terms of network, distribution, marketing and sales quality using qualitative data from semi-structured one-to-one interviews with a representative sample of the biggest wholesalers and sub-dealers across Jordan (n = 4,600), and qualitative interviews with key stakeholders (sub-dealers recruited from across the country). The core objective of this research was to examine the performance of the three operators in Jordan. It was found that the national telecommunications market is intensely competitive, and the three predominant operators have varying quality of service in numerous areas. Zain and Orange draw on their international leverage and capital to maintain market share, but the best technical and customer support value is offered by the later market entrant, Umniah, in terms of higher speed internet and better customer service. All firms benefit from high-quality human resources, and face similar challenges in terms of inhibitive taxes on prepaid tariffs and the stringent regulation of the Telecommunications Regulatory Commission.


Dependable Wireless Sensor Networks for industrial process automation, monitoring and control applications have high demands regarding network reliability in terms of timely delivery and packet loss. In large industrial facilities, interference between neighboring networks is a major problem that can be mitigated by reducing the radio transmission power to the necessary minimum. However, reliability of the network should not be compromised even in spite of packet loss bursts. In this paper we aim at keeping the link within certain burstiness bounds while still minimizing the transmission power. We present evaluation results showing that the burstiness changes with the receiver signal strength. Based on this observation we present two mechanisms for dependable wireless sensor networks and study the performance in our testbed.


Metal nanoslit arrays are investigated to tailor the electromagnetic field distribution and the relative contribution of cavity modes and surface plasmon polariton modes for refractive index sensing, permitting spatially selective sensing for optical biosensing applications.


[1] The Cassini radio science facility provided 13 occultation electron density profiles of Titan during the period of 2006 and 2009. This paper presents the results of all of these occultation observations. It shows that ten of the observed electron density profiles are similar, but three are significantly different. The number of observations is relatively small for meaningful statistical conclusions, but it is shown, using the corresponding measured electron spectra, that the three anomalous profiles in the ionospheric peak regions are likely to be the result of unusually intense electron precipitation events.


Handloom sector is a major non-farm employer in the country. About 16 million weavers depend on this sector in the country. In the present paper an attempt has been made to analyse the weavers' coopera- tive societies in twelve selected districts of Assam. The study is based on a sample of 120 weavers' cooperative socie- ties. To find out the profile, production, marketing and financial management of weavers' cooperative society's primary and secondary data has also been collected. The study reveals that central and state governments have evolved many schemes to uplift the economic condition by providing incentives in the form of grants and loans to impart training on new designs, modernization of looms etc. But Weavers' cooperative societies are continued to be in the grip of prob- lems. Therefore the purpose of this paper is to familiarize with the current status of handloom Weavers' Cooperative Societies.


This paper investigates the performance of accessibility-based equity measurements in transportation and proposes a multiobjective optimization model to simulate the trade-offs between equity maximization and cost minimization of network construction. The equity is defined as the spatial distribution of accessibilities across zone areas. Six representative indicators were formulated, including GINI coefficient, Theil index, mean log deviation, relative mean deviation, coefficient of variation, and Atkinson index, and incorporated into an equity maximization model to evaluate the performance sensitivity. A bilevel multiobjective optimization model was proposed to obtain the Pareto-optimal solutions for link capacity enhancement in a stochastic road network design problem. A numerical analysis using the Sioux Falls data was implemented. RESULTS verified that the equity indicators are quite sensitive to the pattern of network scenarios in the sense that the level of equity varies according to the amount of overall capacity enhancement as well as the assignment of improved link segments. The suggested multiobjective model that enables representing the Pareto-optimal solutions can provide multiple options in the decision making of road network design. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Language: en


The purpose of this article is to provide a model of an academic intervention and support program in literacy that focuses on the needs of individual students and revalues them as readers, goals that are of extreme importance when working with adolescents who have repeatedly experienced academic failure and view themselves as poor readers. This article describes the key elements and strategies of an academic intervention and support program called the Literacy Club that was designed for struggling high school readers and their literacy tutors. This article supplies a literacyfocused lesson plan format that teachers from the Literacy Club deemed successful for integrating literacy objectives and strategies into the teaching of Hamlet and concludes with the three reading strategies that were considered the most helpful by the students.


In situ hydrolyzed acetals were coupled with in situ generated allyl boronates in a one-pot procedure, affording regio- and stereodefined homoallyl alcohols, epoxides and amino alcohols.


We examine the effect of magnetic fields on star cluster formation by performing simulations following the self-gravitating collapse of a turbulent molecular cloud to form stars in ideal magnetohydrodynamics. The collapse of the cloud is computed for global mass-to-flux ratios of ∞, 20, 10, 5 and 3, i.e. using both weak and strong magnetic fields. Whilst even at very low strengths the magnetic field is able to significantly influence the star formation process, for magnetic fields with plasma β< 1 the results are substantially different to the hydrodynamic case. In these cases we find large-scale magnetically supported voids imprinted in the cloud structure; anisotropic turbulent motions and column density striations aligned with the magnetic field lines, both of which have recently been observed in the Taurus molecular cloud. We also find strongly suppressed accretion in the magnetized runs, leading to up to a 75 per cent reduction in the amount of mass converted into stars over the course of the calculations and a more quiescent mode of star formation. There is also some indication that the relative formation efficiency of brown dwarfs is lower in the strongly magnetized runs due to a reduction in the importance of protostellar ejections.


Factors influencing feeding behaviors of goats include grazing management practices, type of vegetation and season, breed and stage of production, group size, and properties of diets fed in confinement. Considerable information has been gathered from methods such as visual observation during daylight. However, there are now tools available to characterize feeding behavior of goats while grazing and in confinement throughout 24-h periods. Global positioning system collars with motion/ position sensors can be used to assess horizontal and vertical distances traveled, up/down position of the head, and movement within pasture/ rangeland areas. A commercially available leg activity monitor allows estimation of the number of steps and time spent standing, lying, and moving rapidly without grazing. However, these measurements do not directly determine grazing. Therefore, prediction equations based on visual observation must be developed. Classification tree analysis is a robust method in developing these equations because the decision tree can be pruned or expanded to provide the best fit. Another equipment system is based on patterns of jaw movement to determine time spent eating, ruminating, and idle, although in some instances differentiation between eating and ruminating is subjective. In addition to use of n-alkanes as internal markers to estimate digestibility, their profile can provide an indication of botanical composition of the selected diet. Automated feeding systems for confined goats permit determinations such as number of feeder visits and meals, eating time, and rate and pattern of feed intake. Heart rate measured while goats are in normal production settings can be used to predict total energy expenditure through multiplication by energy expenditure per heart beat of individual animals. To partition the activity energy cost, an estimate of ME intake or measures of change in body energy status and milk energy yield are needed to determine other sources of heat to be subtracted from total energy expenditure. These methods create opportunity to gain a fuller understanding of factors influencing feeding behaviors of goats and their relationships with levels and efficiencies of production.


We report on an investigation of student understanding of the first law of thermodynamics. The students involved were drawn from first-year university physics courses and a second-year thermal physics course. The emphasis was on the ability of the students to relate the first law to the adiabatic compression of an ideal gas. Although they had studied the first law, few students recognized its relevance. Fewer still were able to apply the concept of work to account for a change in temperature in an adiabatic process. Instead most of the students based their predictions and explanations on a misinterpretation of the ideal gas law. Even when ideas of energy and work were suggested, many students were unable to give a correct analysis. They frequently failed to differentiate the concepts of heat, temperature, work, and internal energy. Some of the difficulties that students had in applying the concept of work in a thermal process seemed to be related to difficulties with mechanics. Our findings also suggest t...


Back Ground: Tuberculosis is a necrotizing bacterial infection with protean manifestation and wide distribution. The incidence and prevalence of tuberculosis has increased tremendously during present decade and is expected to rise further. Objective: To study the effect of anti-tubercular chemotherapy with curettage of the lesion when indicated, to suggest guide lines of assessing the healing of these lesions both clinically and radiologically and to analyze its various modes of presentations. Study Design: Prospective study design was used. Setting: Department of Orthopedic surgery and Traumatology Unit I, Mayo Hospital Lahore. Patients: 21 patients with osseous tuberculosis were selected. Interventions: In ten patients diagnostic and in eleven patients diagnostic as well as therapeutic curettage was performed. Results: Young adults in teen age were found to be common sufferers. Females were more common with 61.9%. Sinus was found to be most common mode of presentation in this study. 14 patients presented with discharging sinuses 13 painless and one painful sinus. Mostly patients presented after more than six months of their symptoms. 18 lesions were in metaphyseal regions while only three were in diaphyseal regions. In 14 patients the gross appearance during biopsy was caseous, in three caseous with pus and one had granulation with caseation, two has pus debris and sequestration, and one had fleshy appearance resembling giant cell tumor. Conclusions: Osseous tuberculosis is common in young adult females and present late. The metaphyseal region is more commonly affected, biopsy and PCR is more reliable. Minimal periosteal reaction, slow enlargement of the focus, irregular area of destruction and formation of pus are specific radiological features. A nine month course of antitubercular drugs is the basis of treatment. Surgery is an adjunct to drugs. Debridement and curettage is required in lesions more than 5cm in size and if the lesion is more than 10cm it needs additional bone grafting. Resection of a destroyed or sequestrated bone is rarely necessary.


This paper applies the real-option approach to study the capacity decision in supply chain management under perfect competitive markets. Through analyzing the value of capacity investment decision, we give some rules of the capacity decision with flexibility. We also analyze the influence of three main factors upon the investment decision, which include the property of market evolvement, investment cost, and out of stock cost. The results show that a more (less) risky market, a higher (lower) capacity investment cost, or a lower (higher) out of stock cost is likely to postpone (advance) the implementing of capacity expansion.


A dynamic coordination capsule derived from coordination-driven molecular folding of a flexible macrocyclic ligand was applied to trigger cyclization reactions and encapsulate unprecedented polysilver complexes of four different heteroaromatics.


As the RDBMS,SQL Server was used by more and more commercial organizations,but SQL Server was still the passive database management system.This article proposed the active database pattern based on SQL Server,which can enhance the function of SQL Server,enlarge the application field of SQL Server.According to the data processing procedure of SQL Server,the characteristics of active database are analyzed,and the architecture of active database was given based on SQL Server.Finally the data processing procedure was explained with an example.


The present invention discloses an array substrate, a device, a motherboard, and the detection method of a display, at least one signal line is provided with a short ring connected to the end of the signal line corresponding to each short-circuit ring serially through the common electrode line, increase in the array substrate a test line and a test terminal pads, the test pad is connected via the test line terminal and the common electrode line, a signal line at the time of testing, the common electrode line connected to a negative voltage loading test line, to avoid the common electrode each line is connected so that the short-circuit ring has been turned off intrusion signal line signal occurs, to ensure detection of the signal line has been disconnected during the detection, thereby improving the accuracy and AT detection rate, further increased by a chemical vapor disconnection of the deposition apparatus at a rate corresponding service maintenance, thereby improving the product yield.


lfl aster of Arts in Teaching (MAT) programs were spawned, flourished, and, in the eyes of many, reached their logical and predictable ends, all within the decade of the 60s. Such programs were established to meet a pressing and immediate need for teachers which developed when a bumper crop of post-war babies became old enough to attend school. The declining birthrate of the Depression era accounted for sparse college enrollments in the 50s and into the early 60s. Although 433,000 people were gradu ated from the nation's colleges and universities in 1950,1 partly through the impetus of the G.I. Bill, a decrease in the number of graduates was recorded in every year until 1955, when 286,000 students were graduated.2 Following this decline, college enrollments began to climb; however, by 1960, our nation's higher institutions still graduated only 392,000 students,3 of whom about 129,000 had been trained for public school teaching.4 Taking all factors into consideration, the United States was generally acknowledged to be short approximately 140,000 public school teachers in 1955,5 135,000 in 1960, and 148,000 in 1965.6 During the 50s, approximately 85,000 emergency certificates were granted annually to people who had been hired to teach because of shortages, but who had not been specifically trained to teach and, in numerous cases, were not college graduates.7 The school situation was not wholly bleak. Many com petent liberal arts graduates gave spectacular performances and, in time, became mainstays of their schools. Large numbers eventually met state certification requirements, being permitted to use satisfactory full-time teaching ex perience in lieu of the teaching internship required in pro fessional education programs. But many of those who en tered the classroom without having had any formal course work in professional education felt insecure and uncertain, and even those who excelled usually wished that they might have had a more gradual immersion into the teaching profession than they in fact received.


To solve near-replicas of documents on the Web obtained by search engine, a similarity dealing algorithm was proposed. Based on concepts extracted from the Web pages and inverted file, the algorithm built a model which shrank the scale of the Web pages processed. The algorithm saved a great deal of temporal and spatial resources and provides a good foundation for near-replicas detection.


A Zn1-xFexO diluted magnetic semiconductor was synthesized with Sol-Gel method. Combining zinc acetate dehydrate with FeCl2 in a certain percentage and dissolve in ethanol, using lactic acid as stabilizer, transparent sol can be synthesized after three hours reaction. Powder sample can be formed through the process of drying by distillation, elimination of organics and heat processing. Crystal structure of Zn1-xFexO sample was analyzed with X-ray diffraction, and only ZnO diffraction peaks can be found with doping concentration lower than 6.66%. An increase in the hexagonal lattice parameters of ZnO is observed on increasing the Fe concentration. M-T curve of the powder material was measured with Superconducting Magnet System, the magnetic loop can be observed at the temperature of 10 K.


Objective: This review is to address the pre-implantation genetic study and its importance for fertilization in the prevention of genetic disorders. Methods: Review bibliographic. Results: Pre-implantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD) is a reproductive option for couples at risk of conceiving a child with a known genetic disorder avoiding having an affected child and consequently discontinuing pregnancy or recurrent miscarriages. Several methods for the biopsy of the embryonic material can be used. Polar corpuscle biopsy is usually performed in countries that do not allow embryonic manipulation. Several methods can be used to perform the genetic study. PCR has been the preferred method of PGD diagnosis for disorders of a single gene. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) is a method for embryonic chromosome analysis, its utility is limited primarily because only a small number of chromosomes can be identified in each embryo. Final considerations: The technique of Pre-implantation Genetic Diagnosis is a great ally of in vitro fertilization, offering these couples the chance to form a healthy family, but there is still a little dissemination of the method.


Since the sustainable development theory which rose from enties of 20 centuries has been transmitted into China in the early ninties,it has formed a hot sdudy about it.In the recent ten years the literatures about sustainable development(such as papers,monographes and so on) have a trend of going up.The issue of sustainable development is a all-around researching field,it has much influence about the human's possibility of developing and quality of existing,thus,many pursuers have been attacted into the sdudy,thereby,the threedimensional research structure from many aspects and levels has come into being. We can see that the sdudy of sustainable development will be a science of sustainable development which is consisted of a lot of branch disciplines.


The Archimedean property is one of the most beautiful axioms of the classical arithmetic and some of the methods of constructing the field of real numbers are based on this property. It is well-known that every Archimedean `-group is abelian and every pseudo-MV algebra is commutative. The aim of this paper is to introduce the Archimedean property for pseudo-MTL algebras and FLw-algebras. The main results consit of proving that there exist non-commutative Archimedean FLw-algebras. We also prove that any locally finite FLw-algebra is Archimedean.


Y-TZP(Yttria-stabilized Tetragonal Zirconia Polycrystal) ceramics are of great interest as engineering and structural materials due to their excellent mechanical properties arising from transformation toughening, it is also reported that the 3Y-TZP(3 mol% Yttria-stabilized Tetragonal Zirconia Polycrystal) has the best mechanical properties on Y-TZP ceramics. But to use widely for engineering and structural materials, it remains an important challenge to be able to improve its fracture toughness. In order to produce the 3Y-TZP ceramics showing much better mechanical properties, milling method adding monoclinic zirconia to 3Y-TZP was adopted and the resultant mechanical properties containing apparent density and fracture toughness were measured by using proper techniques. Experimental results showed that the 3Y-TZP specimen containing 33 wt% of monoclinic zirconia, which was sintered at 1450℃, has the highest fracture toughness value of 11.38 MPa·m 1/2 which is three times higher than that of normal 3Y-TZP ceramics.