Pepl, parameter estimation in Prolog, is an implementation of the failure adjusted maximisation algorithm (FAM) [4] for Stochastic Logic Programs (Slps) [6, 7]. SLPs extend logic programming by arithmetic labels on clausal definitions. They have well characterised log linear semantics and backtracking strategies [5, 3]. The FAM algorithm was introduced as an extension to the Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm and account for failed derivation paths in SLPs [4]. It provides a closed-form for computing the parameter weights within EM's iterative maximization approach. The algorithm has been shown to work for normalised SLPs, [4], and is in practice applicable to a wide class of programs. The failure adjusted aspect of the algorithm has also been incorporated in the PRISM system [8]. Pepl is implemented in Prolog and is available as open source. Stochastic clauses are term expanded to standard Prolog ones. Unique identifiers and a path argument are added to the transformation of stochastic clauses. These are used to identify the path of each derivation. In addition failure paths are also recorded by term expansion techniques. The system provides three ways for computing the counts needed for the closed-form calculation: exact, sample and store. The first method is the straight forward approach where all solutions to the target goal are quarried at each iterative step. Sampling approximates the counts by only sampling from the target. The expressions associated with the exact computation can be stored as term structures of arithmetic expression that can be evaluated at each iteration with fresh instantiations of the labels. This trades space for speed, making the computation much faster by requiring larger amounts of memory. A number of examples are provided with the distribution. These include the blood type example from PRISM, a stochastic context free grammar and the worked example from [4]. Pepl runs on the current Yap (6.2.0) and Swi (5.10.3/5.11.22) Prologs. Pepl have been well applied to a multi-class protein fold prediction problem [1], in which SLP structure has been learned by ILP system Progol and SLP parameters have been estimated using Pepl . On the basis of several experiments, it was demonstrated that SLPs and Pepl have advantages for solving multi-class prediction problems with the learned probabilities. The experiment results can be found at http://www.doc.ic.ac.uk/~cjz/ProteinSLPs/. SLPs and Pepl have also been applied in a framework of abductive SLPs [2],


The paper focuses on the long and complex editorial history of the first complete translation of Giacomo Leopardi's Canti into Polish. Entitled Poezje and published by Instytut Wydawniczy 'Biblioteka Polska' in 1938, the volume was translated by Julia Dickstein-Wieleżyńska (1881–1948), a polyglot, poet, organiser of cultural events, feminist activist and literature and philosophy scholar. Dickstein-Wieleżyńska's letters to Raffaele Pettazzoni (1883–1959), her close friend and mentor and himself an eminent scholar of religions, suggest that the original idea of the book as conceived in the early 1920s also envisaged the inclusion of translations by Edward Porębowicz (1862–1937), which had been made for his 1887 collection of Leopardi's writings. Although Porębowicz had withdrawn his permission for publishing his versions in 1924 and Dickstein-Wielżyńska had to translate another eighteen poems, the manuscript was ready for printing at the beginning of 1925. Drawing on archival resources, the author investigates the reasons behind the conspicuous temporal distance between the drafting of the translations and their publication in the volume of Poezje. Examined from the perspective of recent translation and collaboration studies, Wieleżyńska's letters shed some new light not only on the agents, modes and circumstances of translation and editorial work in the early twentieth century, but also on the position of women in the cultural and academic hierarchies of the time.


Since one of the distinctive features of presidential speeches is the use of tropes and rhetorical figures, which are employed to achieve a persuasive effect, this study aimed to find out if tropes and rhetorical figures are retained in simultaneous interpretation from English into Lithuanian and whether the omission of them in the interpretation diminishes the rhetorical effect of the speech. The research found that out of 500 tropes and rhetorical figures observed in original speeches more than a half are absent in interpretation. Based on a closer analysis of examples, it was concluded that tropes and rhetorical figures tend to cause problems for interpreters and that the omission of tropes and rhetorical figures results in a diminished rhetorical effect in the target language.


Hydrogen sulfide elimination from crude oil and gas is an important issue in petroleum industry. Among possible processes for this, industrial natural gas treating plants commonly employ amine-based treatment operations. Some deficiencies such as amine degradation, which contributes to form corrosive by-products, water contamination of gas stream during the desorption process, consumption of a lot of energy during regeneration process, and insufficient hydrogen sulfide capture capacity arise the motivation to find an appropriate alternative. Liquid electrolytes (Ionic liquids) properties including low vapor pressures, non-flammability, odorless, and high thermal and electrochemical stabilities make them a possible substitute for classical alkanolamine solvents in acid gases removal processes. Knowledge about solubility of gases in ionic solutions at different temperature and pressures is a crucial factor in the examination of ionic liquids as a possible alternative. In this study, two intelligent methods, namely simple MLP and GA-RBF is presented to accurately predict solubility of H2S in various ionic liquids. The results showed that the values predicted by the proposed methods are in great agreement with the experimental data by an average absolute relative deviation of 1.9% and 1.2% for GA-RBF and MLP, respectively. A comparison between other intelligent models, which were recently proposed, revealed the superiority of the proposed simple MLP model in this study.


A two-phase improved genetic algorithm with control switch system architecture was proposed to solve location routing problems (LRP). Random switch was constructed to control mutation calculation and to improve the population diversity in the method. This improved GA (IGA) architecture made it possible to search the solution space efficiently without local optimization to some extent. A case study using computer simulation shows that the IGA with switch control system achieves significant improvement compared to a recent LRP heuristic.


Malaria continues to be a potentially fatal threat to almost half of the world's population. In the present review, efforts have been made to provide a literature concerning the study of quinoline as a privilege structure for search of new malarials. The review covers advances in that field made in few last years.


In the present research work, efforts are made to study the performance of the uncoated and cold spray NiCrAlY-coated superalloy in medical waste incinerator environment. The study was conducted in the secondary chamber of medical waste incinerator. The high-temperature performance of uncoated and coated superalloy was assessed by measuring the penetration of corrosion species and drop off scale thickness. The development of Al2O3 in the top oxide scale and dense structure of the coating is found to be responsible for the better performance of coated superalloy against erosion–corrosion. Cold spray NiCrAlY-coated heat exchanger tubes were estimated to have degradation rate about 35 mils/year.


Dendritic cells(DCs),the most effective professional antigen presenting ceHs in the immune system,are able to induce and regulate different kinds of immune responses.Although DCs have been widely used in tumor immunotherapy,the DC-based therapies against tumors are limited since their function and activity are often inhibited by tumor and/or tumor associated factors.Thus.importance significant if DC ac-tivity could be regulated to resist tumor-induced suppression.In this review,we sumnlarize the current knowledge about the immune therapies by the means of breaking tumor induced suppression on DCs to en-hanee the clinical responses against cancer.

Key words:
Dendritic cell; immune tolerance; tulnor immunotherapy


We find it deeply concerning that in one instance the assessment of causality provided by Posadzki et al. diverges so significantly, and without argumentation, from the clearly expressed opinion of the original authors. It is hard to see how this can be justified, considering that the original authors were experts in the field with first-hand knowledge of the case. In a further two instances it is difficult to see how the cases could be construed to be AEs caused by homeopathy. In the remaining case one has to wonder whether Posadzki and colleagues actually read the original case report at all.


This is an extremely comprehensive pocket-sized emergency textbook. Its spiral binding and small print allows the book to cover this vast subject in a detail unparalleled by other textbooks of a similar size. The intent of the authors was to make a text which was practical and could be used as for reference. To this end they divided the book into five sections, titled Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, Diagnosis by Chief Complaint, Initial Management of the Multiply Traumatised Patient, Trauma and finally Specific Problems in Emergency Medicine and Trauma. The second section is divided into 34 chapters which are set out in a uniform pattern consisting of Differential Diagnosis, History, Physical Examination, Emergency Diagnostic Tests, Clinical Reminders and then finishes with details of Specific Disorders presenting with the particular Complaint. This is a very useful way of laying the book out and certainly enables the reader to rapidly acquire the appropriate information. It does entail a lot of cross-referencing but as this book will probably be used for reference purposes, this is no major disadvantage. The problems with the book are minor, firstly it is an American textbook and therefore has terms and units, which are occasionally inappropriate for UK practising physicians. Secondly, the protocol management of particular problems, for instance, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, varies from the UK guidelines. This is most noticeable when they describe the management of electromechanical dissociation. Their description of the management of trauma follows very much the Advanced Trauma Life Support guidelines, but it is written in a less comprehensible fashion. The traditional A&E management of the trauma patient is not emphasized clearly enough in this book. Medical aspects are covered in great detail and there is only the occasional problem. For example, concordance is not mentioned in the table distinguishing SVT from VT. Occasional inaccurate statements of a traditional nature occur in the text, for example, they still describe the diagnosis of carbon monoxide exposure being made on the characteristic cherry red colouration of the skin and mucus membrane. In summary, this small handbook represents a very detailed account of emergency medicine. Its pocket size will enable the A&E staff to carry and use it as a reference text. I would certainly recommend it as only minor corrections are required depending very much on particular departmental policy and the slight variations between UK and American practice in medicine.


Over the past few years substituted benzimidazoles and their azino fused derivatives have been one of the most extensively studied classes of heterocyclic compounds due to their well known biological activities. Benzimidazole nuclei has been widely incorporated in the structure of numerous important medical and biochemical agents. Because of the structural similarity with some naturally occurring compounds such as purine, benzimidazole derivatives can easily interact with biomolecules of the living systems. Azino fused derivatives, due to their planar structure and interesting fluorescence properties, have the ability to intercalate into DNA/RNA molecules and could offer a potential application as fluorescent probes in homogeneous assays of biological systems for detection of biomolecules in biomedical diagnostic. As a part of our continuing research in the field of medicinal chemistry, novel amino substituted benzimidazo[1, 2-a]quinolines were synthesized. For the preparation of targeted compounds, besides clasicall reactions of organic chemistry, photochemical and microwave assisted synthesis were used. All compounds were characterized by 1H, 13C NMR, IR, UV/Vis and fluorimetric spectroscopy. Antitumor activity in vitro of prepared compounds was tested on breast, colon and lung carcinoma cell lines. All compounds showed mostly prominent antiproliferative effect on the tested panel cell lines with GI50 concentrations at submicromolar range. To shed more light on the mechanisms of biological action, additional experiments of interaction with DNA of most active compounds were performed.


Seasonal changes in the population size and habitat use of sika deer Cervus nippon Temminck, 1838 in the high Tanzawa Mountains were studied. Deer exhibited seasonal movements different than those usually observed in the mountains. Because dwarf bamboo, their main winter food, recently occurs only in the high Tanzawa Mts, deer concentrated at the high altitude in late autumn and moved down in winter, after the reduction of bamboo biomass. The most utilized habitat types were forest clearings due to the highest food biomass available. Closed woodland was selected mostly in autumn and winter when deer often fed on fallen leaves and tree bark. Open woodland without bamboo in the understory was highly avoided. Sika deer population in the Tanzawa Mts should be kept at the stable level, which would enable recovery of vegetation. Because recent shrinking in bamboo distribution occurs mostly due to deer grazing pressure in winter, it was suggested to manage habitats in the low mountains in the way to make them attractive to deer also during winter. Supplemental feeding in the low mountains should be also considered.


This study examines the effects of local governments' pro-natalist policies which, from the beginning, have been controversial about their effects and eligibility criteria. We develope regression models which relate the crude fertility rate to birth subsidies, health insurance for newborn children, and other determinants of the fertility rate. Using a data set of 230 municipalities from 2001 to 2010, we estimate the models by panel regression method. The results provide evidence that municipal birth subsidies have a positive effect on the fertility rate. Specifically, municipal birth subsidies for the first child and those for the second child raise the fertility rate and those for the first child have a greater effect than those for the second child. But, municipal birth subsidies for the third or the higher child are found to be ineffective. The results also show that provincial birth subsidies have a positive effect on the fertility rate and that provincial subsidies for the second child have a greater effect than those for the third child. However, it is found that municipal health insurance for newborn children does not have any statistically significant effect on the fertility rate. Among fertility rate determinants, marriage rate, the ratio of childbearing-aged women, and education level are found to be most important factors of the fertility rate.


The main purpose of this study was to determine the in-service education needs of administrators for human resource management in higher education in South-South geopolitical zone of Nigeria. In an attempt to focus the study properly, two (2) research questions were formulated to guide the study. Descriptive statistics was used for data analysis. A sample size of 277 was used. The questionnaire used was developed by the researcher and validated by experts in instrument validation. The instrument consisted of two parts, "A" and "B". Part "A" of the instrument sought information on the demographic data of the respondents such as: Ownership status of college (Federal/State colleges); officers" position (Principal officer/Dean/Head of department) years of administrative experience (more experience/less experience); gender (male/female) and educational qualification. Part "B" of the instrument sought information on in-service education needs of the administrators of Colleges of Education on staff appraisal, compensation and motivation. These were presented in two clusters and the response options were formed on a four-point Likert-type scale response. The results of the study revealed that administrators agreed that they need in-service education to improve on their competency for human resource appraisal. As much as they also agreed that they need in-service education to improve their competency for human resource compensation and motivation. Based on these findings, it was recommended that compulsory in-service education for all categories of higher education administrative staff is important, and Ministries of Education should provide funds for the training of higher education administrators for effective human resource management.


An interesting special case of efficiently checking the full period conditions of a k thorder multiple recursive generator (MRG) is that of a prime order k, a prime modulus m and a prime , which is called a Generalized Mersenne prime (GMP). A MRG with either Mersenne prime modulus or Sophie Germain prime modulus is a way of improving on computational efficiency and full period, respectively. Computational experiments are conducted to search a prime order k, for a given prime modulus m, such that is a prime number. We find a GMP for k = 4217 and m = 231−69 . The largest period of a 4217th–order MRG with Sophie Germain prime modulus 231−69 is 1039352.7485 .


This paper argues that the industrial contexts of re-imagining, or transforming, literary icons deploy the promotional strategies that are associated with what are usually seen as lesser, or purely commercial, genres. Promotional paratexts reveal transformations of content that position audiences to receive them as creative innovations, superior in many senses to their literary precursors due to the distinctive expertise of creative professionals. Analysing Spielberg's film, The Adventures of Tintin (2011), and Andrew Motion's fictional continuation of Stevenson's Treasure Island, it argues that literary fiction and cinematic texts associated with celebrated authors or auteurist producer-directors share branding discourses characteristic of contemporary consumer culture.


As a university student in the early 1970's, I was taught that motherhood could be a barrier to women's success in life, and that abortion was necessary for women's happiness and fulfillment. At the time I entered university, abortion was not yet legal through most of the United States, and this teaching was not based on research, but on unproven theory. Today, research shows a different picture.


Content-Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) retrieves similar images from a large database based on a given input query image. A conventional keyword based search was inefficient in retrieving data because of large scale digitization of images, diagrams and paintings. A CBIR system gets inputs and responds to image queries relying on image content through use of techniques from computer vision and image processing to interpret it. It uses techniques from information retrieval and databases to locate and retrieve images suiting the query. CBIR is used in medicine as it increases doctor's confidence when they make informed decisions. This work presents a CBIR system that extracts features such as LBP and gabor filter. All these features are grouped and Curvelet is applied over the image. In the testing phase, the user retrieves the relevant image by passing the query image. The query image undergoes the same feature extraction process, Curvelet application, application of the SVM classifier. This approach considers texture and color features. The experimental results prove the efficacy of the work. Keywords— CBIR, feature extraction, curvelet, LBP, Gabor filter


Tannins from the root bark of Quercus aegilops L. were extracted in two successive seasons and their astringency score and antioxidant potential were evaluated using bovine serum albumin (BSA) radial diffusion and 2,2- Diphenyl – 1-Picrylhydrazyl  (DPPH) assay methods respectively. The results revealed that the root bark of this oak species contained on average 11.39 %( w/w) tannins as gallic acid, of which about  79%  are hydrolyzable ( HT) and 21%  condensed (CT) tannins with the former composed mainly of ellagitannins and much fewer gallotannins and free gallic acid. The results also revealed that the crude root bark powder and its purified tannins have astringency scores of 15.8 and 138.98 mg BSA/g respectively. The antioxidant potential was evaluated by DPPH assay and expressed as inhibition capacity (IC50) was 149.7 ppm and 19.24 ppm for the crude bark powder and its purified tannins respectively indicating the superior antioxidant potential of these tannins to that of ascorbic acid. The highly-antioxidant functional tea prepared from these tannins was clear and acceptable to tasters.


Contents: Introduction, Paul Joannides and Francis Ames-Lewis Raphael's responsiveness to Michelangelo's draughtsmanship, Francis Ames-Lewis The influence of Michelangelo: Pontormo, Bronzino, and Allori, Elizabeth Pilliod Parmigianino and Michelangelo, David Ekserdjian Salviati and Michelangelo, Paul Joannides Absorption and interpretation: Michelangelo through the eyes of a Venetian follower, Battista Franco, Anne Varick Lauder The reproduction and publication of Michelangelo's Sacristy: drawings and prints by Franco, Salviati, Naldini, and Cort, Raphael Rosenberg Michelangelo and Marcello Venusti: A case of multiple authorship, William E. Wallace Alessandro Vittoria: The Michelangelo of Venice?, Victoria Avery Vasari, Borghini, and Michelangelo, Rick Scorza Michelangelo and Spain: on the dissemination of his draughtmanship, Lizzie Boubli, Bibliography Index.


Spark assisted chemical engraving (SACE) is an unconventional micro-machining technology for glass processing based on electrochemical discharges. SACE gravity-feed drilling is discussed and the material removal rate, quality and geometrical dimensions of drilled micro-holes in glass as a function of the drilling depth are characterized optically. Depending on the machining voltage and drilling depth, four different kinds of micro-hole qualities are obtained from holes with well-defined sharp contours to holes affected by thermal cracks. Based on these results a qualitative model for SACE machining by gravity-feed is given.


Submitted May 6, accepted September 9, 2008 In this paper, two fundamental factors, such as preparation of uniformly mixed fine batch and acceleration of fining, are addressed and will be discussed. The glass melting furnace can be considered as a physically and chemically mixing reactor at an elevated temperature, typically higher than 1500°C. To enable glass manufacturing process at lower temperatures, a better preparation of glass batch close to a physically uniform condition is required. Therefore, it has been investigated whether a glass forming raw material batch pulverized with a ball mill could improve the melting behavior. Analysis of the gases released during the batch reactions and evaluation of the residual silica with XRD analysis have shown that the pul- verization facilitates the batch reaction and lowers the vitrifying or fusion reaction temperature. These results suggest that the pulverization of batch could improve the melting and fining behavior and decrease the melting temperature. The applica- tion of helium gas may enhance the fining process during a glass melting process. The fining effect by diffusion of helium through the surface of the glass melt into this glass melt by application of a helium atmosphere has been investigated both by a laboratory experiment and in a pilot scale test. These results have indicated that helium dissolution in glass melt is very effective to eliminate seeds. However, this diffusion method of helium entering through the glass melt surface from a helium atmosphere is considered only suitable to a small scale production in which the glass melts can be in direct contact with the helium atmosphere for a long time. To increase helium dissolution into glass melt, helium bubbling in glass melt is conside- red effective as a pre-conditioning step, especially in tank furnaces with large throughputs. A laboratory experiment on he- lium bubbling through the molten glass has indicated that this helium bubbling in the glass melt has both merit and demerit. The merit is that a large amount of helium could be dissolved in the glass melt, resulting in expansion of seeds. The demerit is that a lot of new blisters could be introduced into the melts and a certain amount of fining gas could be lost from the glass melt by the helium stripping effect. Therefore, a optimum design of the bubbling process by helium gas should be developed.


Vocabulary acquisition is the core of the second language acquisition.Whe ther language learning is successful or not is determined by the learners' comp etency along with the amount of vocabulary.Acquisition in language context is a n important approach to enlarge the vocabulary and means to promote the learners ' pragmatic as well as communicative capacity.Application of sense relations w ill help the learners have the meaningful intention and cultivate their strategi es so as to improve their abilities of vocabulary learning autonomy.


A new bulk Zr-Al-Ni-Cu amorphous alloy has been designed and prepared according to the rule of constant valence electron concentrations (e/a), which satisfies e/a=1.38. The ΔTX and Trg, characterizing the glass formation ability, reach 107 K and 0.58-0.64, respectively. The best composition of the amorphous alloy is found at Zr60.6Al11.4Ni15.5Cu12.5, which possesses a glass forming ability and a thermal stability superior to those of the Inoue alloy. It is also pointed out that at e/a=1.38, the alloy with average atomic size .Ra=0.1486 nm has a better glass formation ability than those with Ra=0.l496 nm and 0.1506 nm.


The purpose of this study was to determine serum zinc , serum copper, blood manganese and blood chromium levels in 180 non-smokers compared with 180 smokers with the flame and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometer. The study was done from October 2004 to September 2005. Data was analyzed by using descriptive statistics, t-test and F-test. It was found that the average concentrations of serum zinc, blood manganese and blood chromium in smokers and nonsmokers were Dot significantly different. The mean levels of serum copper in smokers and nonsmokers were 104.52 ±32.47and93.45 ±24.15microgramsldecilitrerespectivelyand weresignificanlly different (p<O.05). In the study, the period ofsmoking was c1assifl~ into 1-10, 11-20. 21-30 and more than 30 years. It was found that the average serum copper levels in smokers smoking for such periods were 106.72 ± 35.06, 102.39 ± 27.22. 89.33 ±16.57 and 96.60 microgramsldecilitre respectively and the differences of the copper levels of each period were significant (p<O.05). By classifying the number of cigarettes smoked per day into 1-10. 11-20. 21-30 and more than 30 cigarettes, the mean serum copper levels were 105.49 ± 32.76, 102.12 ± 31.62,77.67 ± 2.66 and 137.45 ± 30.98 micrograms/decilitre respectively, and were significantly different (p<O.05). Therefore, it can be concluded that the smoking and the number of cigarettes smoked are related only to serum copper level.


Along with the rapid development of Internet communication and e-commerce technology, the security is becoming more and more important. Digital signature technology by using hash function can effectively address the security issue. This paper presented a new iterated hash function based on a hyperchaotic cellular neural network system and a double-pipe structure in order to obtain the better cryptographic properties. The function encodes a message of arbitrary length into a hash value with a fixed 128-bit length. Computer simulation and theoretical analysis such as one-way property analysis and attacks resistance analysis are conducted and the results indicate that the proposed hash function has desirable security properties.


Author(s): Richmond, Hugh Macrae | Abstract: Opening scene of an indoor Renaissance performance, from an edition of 1580. This is the Prologue of the comedy "Heauton Timorumenos" ("The Self-Tormentor") by Terence (195-159 B.C.) with an actor as the Prologue in a day-lit theatre. This setting marks the beginning of a shift away from outdoor theatres to the modern indoor stage. To see the title page of the edition go to the Terence entry in Primary Renaissance Texts in this site's Performance Bibliography


Agile Earth observation satellite (AEOS) scheduling is a complex optimization problem with longer visible time and Time-dependent transition time constraint. We address one method to transform the AEOS scheduling problem to Maximum weight independent set (MWIS) problem to reduce the difficulty of modeling and solving. We also propose reduction and decomposition strategy to reduce the scale of the problem. Experiments proved IP model established by these methods can get optimal solution of the problem, whose size is larger than previous research. Additional, iterated local search hybrid with Variable neighborhood search (VNS-ILS) is designed to solve MWIS problem from AEOS scheduling. The proposed algorithm almost increases all solution quality than ALNS and ALNS-TS adopting in previous research for AEOS scheduling.


Because o f the increased competition and liberalization of oil industry in Kenya, it has become imperative for the players to identify the dimensions through which to compete. This study was based on twenty four oil companies processing crude oil at Kenya Petroleum Refineries with the objective of identifying the competitive priorities that the firms employ, the constraints to achievement of these competitive priorities and any trade-off between them in physical distributions. Primary data was collected for the purpose o f this study by use of closed ended and open ended questionnaires. Part I of the questionnaire collected general information about the firms while part II collected information to meet the objectives o f this study. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics of frequencies, proportions, means as well as listings. Kruskal-Wallis test for non parametric independent group comparisons was used to analyze the trade-offs between quality, time, cost and flexibility competitive priorities. The findings of this study indicate that the four competition priorities o f quality, cost, time and flexibility are employed by the firms and are above average in level of importance. Quality related priorities however were found to be more important than the other three. This study also found out that the various competitive priorities are affected by different constraints. The research further found out that quality as a competitive priority was significantly more important than the other three at 0.05 level of significance. In view of this study's findings some recommendations have been made. One, Kenya Oil companies should use the prioritization of quality, cost, time and flexibility in developing physical distribution policies and objectives. The government needs to facilitate oil business by enhancing the capacity of its logistics organizations that have been found out to constrain the achievement of physical distribution objectives. Oil companies need to lobby to the governments for representation in formulation of regulatory policies and legislations.


"In 1927, the Committee on Bacteriological Methods of the American Dairy Science Association began a series of reports dealing with the various laboratory procedures suitable for the bacteriological analysis of dairy products. This committee has functioned through the agency of subcommittees, composed of those who are especially interested in certain phases of the dairy industry ." "The objective of these committees has been to make available in condensed form various methods for the analysis of dairy products. "The views expressed in these reports are those of Committees appointed by the American Dairy Science Association. As such they are printed for the criticism of other members of the Association and other interested persons.' '~


A simulation environment oftentimes requires the usage of databases to perform tests.
Some bases, however, have a high number of elements, being difficult to work with because of limitations in the memory of the applications and for containing redundant information. In a artificial neural network, excess of irrelevant data may cause classifier efficiency loss. This work will use four different feature selection methods from algorithms present in MatLab on a database containing a standard set of data including a variety of intrusions simulated in a real network environment, KDD CUP 99, in order to extract more representative subsets of data. The new formed bases will be tested in a pattern recognition artificial neural network and, comparing the accuracy of the neural network, will be verified which method obtained the best result. Two tests will be done, the first differentiating the accesses in normal connection or intrusion and the second distinguishing the accesses between normal connection and the kind of the detected intrusion


The essence of government intervention in financial crisis is to re-organize interest relations of the society in a political way and in accordance with political intent.Financial crisis has got to constitutional economic interests;fluctuation of currency price has made impact on property and its value;constitutional market economy is confronted with threats;and sharing of social cost resulting from the financial crisis has aroused controversy over fairness and responsibility.Considering from the perspective of constitutionality,the purpose and means for government to intervene in financial crisis are as follows:to control social panics and relieve the mentality of crisis,to provide short-term economic growth and safeguard primary expectation of the society,to stabilize currency interests and adjust pricing power of currency.Anyhow there is moral risk in intervention and nobody can make the promise that intervention is sure to get things better.Therefore government intervention in the financial crisis should be placed in the context of constitutional politics so as to restrain possible relevant risks through constitutional mechanics.


Traditional costume is an important carrier of the culture of the Qiang nationality. As Qiang people blossoms in social life, their raiment culture also cannot be isolated from this change with various factors affected. This paper analyses the factors that changes the Qiang raiment culture from the perspective of internal and external causes and concludes that changes in the dress conception and aesthetic sense, religious culture are the internal causes; changes in the living environment, the influence of cultural customs, multi-cultural blending are the external causes. National costumes are a representation of national identity, which boosts unique and rich cultural connotations. Formed in the long history of development, normal living and production, raiment culture of the Qiang nationality enjoys strong regional and ethnic characteristics. Enriched by historical transformation and the development of society, raiment culture of the Qiang nationality becomes the essence of a traditional ethnic culture and the cultural icon that represents national spirit, and also demonstrates distinctive features of the times and represents of the national spirit. In a sense, the change in traditional raiment culture is a crucial barrier of the historical culture of Qiang nationality, as well as an intangible national encyclopedia. Factors affecting the change of raiment culture of Qiang nationality are miscellaneous. This paper analyses relating factors that changes Qiang raiment culture from the perspective of internal and external causes. I. Internal causes to the change in traditional Qiang raiment culture (1) The influence of religious culture Religious culture belongs to the category of spiritual culture, and reflects people's psychological needs and way of knowing the world. Religion "is not only a cultural phenomenon, but also a cultural phenomenon with unique form [1]". Although raiment culture belongs to the category of material culture, it also has close links with the religious culture in many ways, both of which are integral parts of ethnic culture. Ethnic raiment culture can reflect religious culture; in the meantime, religious culture can guide and restrict the growth of ethnic raiment culture. In the process of social modernization of Qiang nationality, the two culture of the Qiang nationality have transformed from the original model. The religious culture of the Qiang nationality does not fade in the development, but continues to meet the needs of social modernization and generates some new embodiments in the raiment culture. The influence of religious culture to Qiang's raiment culture mainly reflected in two aspects: the first is the clothing colors, the second is the embroidery of clothing. Qiang people worship white stone, and white is frequently used in the traditional costume. However, International Conference on Humanity, Education and Social Science (ICHESS 2016) © 2016. The authors Published by Atlantis Press 580 in recent years, red has become another important color in the traditional costume of Qiang people. For example, in previous time, women in Hei Hu township Mao County wind their heads with long white cloth, and both ends of the cloth hung down to the vest. This way of winding headscarves is known as "million years of filial piety", which was originated from a legend of the General "Black tiger". Women wearing headscarves of this type is for the commemoration of the national hero "Black tiger". And on the special occasion for celebrating the festival "Black tiger Qiang", people replace the white cloth with red cloth in order to cultivate happy and festive atmosphere. Qiang is a nation of polytheism. Qiang embroidery enjoys rich and varied themes. Fire, sheep, cloud, Sun and a variety of flora and fauna in nature are the source of the theme of Qiang embroidery. Ancient embroidery patterns on the dress are the visual manifestation of Qiang people's religious beliefs. As other foreign religion communicates and exchanges with the local religions, Qiang embroidery witnesses a series of changes, for example, "卐", which is from tibetan culture, has also appeared in a number of Qiang embroidery work in recent years. These changes in color and decorative pattern are formed under the influence of the religious culture of different peoples. (2) Changes in the dress conception Only if individuals or groups inherit and develop their culture in the way of language, words, behavior, can the culture exist and continue to grow. Since behavior is dominated by personal consciousness, and costume is a typical manifestation of personal behavior, the dress conception is the most direct internal cause of dressing behavior. The style of costume varies, so does the dress conception. The cause for the fundamental difference among dressing conceptions lies in people's recognition to the function of the costume. The costume of people mainly has three functions: first, practical function, which refers to meet the need of people in their daily life, is for body protection, cold resistance and heat shielding; second, aesthetics function, which reflects people's aesthetic sense, is for decorative purpose; third, the function of identification, which identifies the difference with respect to social function, is to reflect social connotations, such as gender, age, nationality, career, religion, and social status. Different dress conceptions have different influence on the function of costume. Different functions determine the differences in dressing forms in selection of clothes, the choice of functions being one aspect of dressing concepts. So the change in dressing concepts may bring about change in choosing clothes. The transition of the costume culture of Qiang people also corresponds to the change of concepts in their national costume culture. Formerly Qiang people inhabited in the remote mountain districts with poor living conditions and deficient physical resources. When choosing clothes, more attentions were paid on practicability and durability, because the dressing should accord with daily life and production; and wear-resisting clothes would reduce unnecessary waste. For Qiang people in the past, the main functions of costumes, which are also the basic ones, were embodied in covering the body and defending against the cold. In the old days, Qiang people usually wore sheepskin waistcoats (see fig.1) when working. Its function was not confined to keeping out wind and rain; it was also a cushion at break time when being tuned outside in. At present sheepskin waistcoats are rarely seen in their inhabited regions, and the craftsmanship has been endangered. Qiang people take it as a normal way of dressing, a way decided by their traditional view, for women to wear scarves, unlined long gowns, waistcoats and girdles and for men to wear Yun Yun shoes with Gu Du wrapped on the waist. However, with the development of society and improvement of living conditions, their dressing concept also alters. They gradually realize that the functions of clothes were not merely limited to covering the body and keeping it warm, but more a reflection of the individual aesthetic taste. The ideological emancipation gives rise to changes in actions, and the diversification of dressing is among them. (3)The Changes in Aesthetic Taste As the external expression of beauty, the evolution of clothes was certainly under the influence of men's


In Reply .—Dr Rosen's interesting historical anecdotes about adenotonsillectomy reflect both concern and uncertainty about the role of the tonsils in the maturation of the immune system. We do not disagree that the tonsils have an important role in immunity, but the evidence to date fails to disclose exactly what that role is. Retrospective studies such as those by D'Amelio et al 1 do not prove that tonsillectomy lowers serum IgA—only that people who had tonsillectomy have slightly lower serum IgA (but have no demonstrated clinical disadvantage as a consequence). Not excluded is the distinct possibility that they had low secretory IgA preoperatively, hence their problem with recurrent throat infections that led to the tonsillectomy. In a prospective study of nearly 200 children with severe throat infection, there were no differences in secretory IgA levels or other measures of immune function preoperatively vs postoperatively or between those who underwent


A convergence analysis of serially concatenated continuous phase modulation (SCCPM) with iterative decoding is presented, based on extrinsic information density evolution. Earlier conclusions from union bounds to maximum likelihood decoding that could not be verified by simulations can now be explained. This includes the effect of more complex outer codes and of inner CPM systems with input weight 1 error events. Due to their trivial feed-forward polynomial, all CPM systems provide good initial decoder convergence. Still the role of the CPM state complexity is not well explained. Finally, bit error rate performance per iteration is estimated from the diagrams, showing good coherence with simulation results.


The interior of a motor vehicle to be reliably detected. For this purpose a motor vehicle (1) having a first light source (17) structured to emit light is within a predetermined range of the vehicle interior while the light has to start a light-off joins proposed. Furthermore, a sensor means (16) including a first and second memory means for detecting reflected components of the structured light during Lichtanschaltzeit and storing corresponding starting values in the first memory means and for detecting incident disturbance light during light and storing corresponding switch-off values in the second memory device is provided. An evaluation device (19) is used for reducing influences of the disturbance light by subtracting the switch-off of the Einschaltwerten, thereby interference-detection values are provided, as well as for three-dimensional detection of the predetermined range of the vehicle interior on the basis of a comparison of the interference-detection values with a reference pattern. A controller (14) controls a component of the motor vehicle in dependence on a result of the three-dimensional sensing.


This paper develops a formula for setting interest rates that are related to, or even reflect or indicate, real economic growth rates, as opposed to growth rates assumed by policy makers. The rates adjust for deviations of the projected GDP growth rate and inflation from the potential GDP growth rate and target inflation. The formula developed in this paper to make decisions on interest rates allows for the US Federal Fund rate to fully adjust for any gap between the projected and potential Gross National Product and also for the gap between projected and potential interest rates. Implications for policy makers of the formula for setting interest rates are discussed. Introduction The Federal Reserve is mandated to seek full employment and price stability through its monetary policy role. A policy instrument often used by the Fed is to target the federal funds rate. Although members of this institution vote on policy measures based on their own best judgment, it is recommend that they use some simple rules that may be applied consistently over time. A rule suggested by Taylor( 1993, 1998, 1999, 2007) is often said to be used by central bankers around the world for targeting short term interest rates. In this paper we propose an alternative rule which is more cognizant of the projected GDP growth rate and fully adjusts for any deviation from the target inflation and the potential GDP. Taylor suggested a formula for setting the real federal funds rate as a function of the difference between the real GDP and potential GDP and the difference between the actual and target inflation rates. Specifically, the rule was i = π + 2 + .5(?) + .5(π-2) (1) where i = the federal funds rate π = the rate of inflation over the past four quarters y = the percent deviation of real GDP from the potential GDP Now y = 100(Y-Y*)/Y* Y = real GDP, and Y* = real potential GDP The formula given in equation (1) is now known as the Taylor Rule and is purportedly used by many central bankers around the world for targeting short term interest rates. There is empirical evidence that the Fed's policy regarding the fed fund rates in the recent decade may indeed be described by the Rule. We are proposing a revised scheme where the federal funds rate fully adjusts to inflation, GDP growth and deviations from the potential GDP and target inflation. Specifically i = y* + π* + (y -y*) + (π- π*) (2) = y + π (2b) where, y = the projected real GDP growth rate π = projected inflation rate y* = potential GDP growth rate π* = the target inflation rate. Equation (2) indicates that that the nominal interest rate should vary equally with potential GDP growth rate, the target inflation, the difference between projected and potential GDP and the difference between projected and the target inflation rate . The reason the federal funds rate adjusts with the potential GDP growth rate is that it implies that capital should be rewarded at the same rate as the gain in the economy. Similarly, interest rates vary equally with the forecasted inflation rate in order to keep real interest rate constant. For each percentage point by which the projected real GDP falls below the potential GDP, the federal funds rate falls by an equal amount and the converse is true if the GDP exceeds the potential GDP Likewise, for each percentage point the actual inflation exceed the target rate, the fed funds rate rises by one percent and conversely. The argument for allowing the fed fund rate to fully adjust for the GDP gap and the difference between actual and target inflation is that it should prevent any buildup of the gaps so that prolonged or drastic action would not be needed in achieving the twin goals for GDP and inflation. …


The theory of Quantum Mechanics is one of the mainstay of modern physics, a well-established mathematical clockwork whose strength and accuracy in predictions are currently experienced in worldwide research laboratories. As a matter of fact, Quantum Mechanics laid the groundwork of a rich variety of studies ranging from solid state physics to cosmology, from bio-physics to particle physics. The up-to-date ability of manipulating single quantum states is paving the way for emergent quantum technologies as quantum information and computation, quantum communication, quantum metrology and quantum imaging. In spite of the impressive matemathical capacity, a long-standing debate is even revolving around the foundational axioms of this theory, the main bones of content being the non-local effects of entangled states, the wave function collapse and the concept of measurement in Quantum Mechanics, the macro-objectivation problem (the transition from a microscopic probabilistic world to a macroscopic deterministic world described by classical mechanics). Problems that, beyond their fundamental interest in basic science, now also concern the impact of these developing technologies. Without claiming to be complete, this article provides in outline the living matter concerning some of these problems, the implications of which extend deeply on the connection between entanglement and space-time structure.


Numeric models for underwater acoustic propagation typically assume the sea-surface to be either perfectly smooth or rough but "frozen" in time. For long sonar signals on the order of tens of seconds, the sea-surface can interact at many different wave displacements over its duration. This causes anomalies in the received signal which introduces additional transmission losses and Doppler effects. The impact of including roughness and motion of the sea-surface on sonar systems is investigated using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. The FDTD method is a numeric technique that is well suited for modeling boundary roughness and motion. This is due to its ability to directly configure complex boundary conditions in the surrounding simulation grid and full pressure wave propagation in the time-domain. The rough, time-evolving sea-surface is modeled using a Pierson-Moskowitz (PM) frequency spectrum which is simple to implement and defined using just wind speed and direction. The results from FDTD simulations of static rough sea-surfaces are compared to a previously established integral solution method to evaluate the validity of the approach. Agreement is also demonstrated for FDTD simulations of a dynamic rough sea-surface and a theoretic statistical model. [Work supported by the Office of Naval Research.] Numeric models for underwater acoustic propagation typically assume the sea-surface to be either perfectly smooth or rough but "frozen" in time. For long sonar signals on the order of tens of seconds, the sea-surface can interact at many different wave displacements over its duration. This causes anomalies in the received signal which introduces additional transmission losses and Doppler effects. The impact of including roughness and motion of the sea-surface on sonar systems is investigated using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. The FDTD method is a numeric technique that is well suited for modeling boundary roughness and motion. This is due to its ability to directly configure complex boundary conditions in the surrounding simulation grid and full pressure wave propagation in the time-domain. The rough, time-evolving sea-surface is modeled using a Pierson-Moskowitz (PM) frequency spectrum which is simple to implement and defined using just wind speed and direction. The results from FDTD...


The scope of this topic is to develop sensor data fusion strategies to determine the current reliability of one signal by using another (reliable) signal of different nature. For this purpose, this topic includes the design and realization of own measurements/experiments using different contactless measurement techniques available at the IBMT like cECG and cbPPG as well as the reference technique ECG and PPG.


Objective:To investigate some correlated data with posterior lumbar cage interbody fusion(cage-PLIF) in order to standardize and improve surgical procedure theoretically.Method:(1)Twenty normal dry cadaveric lumbar vertebra specimens were chosen to measure the inner,mid and outer interfacetal distances of inferior facet processes of L3~L5 as well as parasaggital vertebral diameters and pedicle internal distances respectively.(2)210 L3/4~L5/S1 normal intervertebral spaces were selected in MRI scans.The measurements included three interfacetal distances and parasaggital vertebral diameters mentioned above heights of intervertbral disc and intervertebral angle were measured as well.(3)The requirement of implanted cages were as followed:the size of the cage were 7mm/9mm/11mm width,22mm/24mm length,two cages were inserted parallelly,3mm deeper than the posterior edge of the vertebra,the distance between two cages was 4 mm,axis of the cages should not exceed medial surface of pedicles.Compared this required data with the data having procured.All data entered SPSS 10.0 for data processing.Result:The results of interfacetal distances with two measurements were proximate statistically.Intact zygapophysial joints would be preserved in 64.8% of L3/4 5.2% of L4/5 and 100% of L5/S1 if 7mm width cages being used.To 9mm width cages,it would be 12.7%,53.4% and 96.3% accordingly.Half zygapophysial joints could be preserved in three levels no matter either size of cage being used.If 11 mm width cage being inserted no intact zygapophysial joints could be preserved in L3/4,but 5.2% of L4/5,and 18.5% of L5/S1 in which intact zygapophysial joints could be preserved.Half zygapophysial joints would be preserved in 47.9%,84.5% and 100% of 3 levels.The zygapophysial joints would be unnecessary resected totally in three levels no matter either size of cage being used.The distance between the axial lines of two cages was less than inner distances of pedicles.Parasaggital vertebral diameters greater than required saggital length for 22mm/24mm length cages implantation was 91.2% and 86.9% in three levels.Conclusion:The cages with 7mm/9mm/11mm width are suitable to Chinese anatomy with which at least half zygapophysial joints can be preserved in most Chinese patients.Resection for zygapophysial joints should be decreased interoperatively in order to maintain segmental stability,restore intervertebral space height and promote interbody fusion.


The Rotterdam Rules has set up the maritime performing party system,also established the essential liability regime for the maritime performing party,the characteristic legal system makes a breakthrough in the multimodal transport of the carriage of goods by sea.The actual carrier in the Maritime Code of the People's Republic of China is equivalent to the maritime performing party,however,a lot of disputes arise regarding the actual carrier system,to some extent,it has hindered the development of the shipping practice in China,in the future,it is indispensable to introduce the maritime performing party to perfect the actual carrier system in the process of the amendments to the Maritime Code of the People's Republic of China.


Abstract Tables are presented for Bayes shortest posterior intervals on the standard deviation and variance ratio of normal distributions. A general procedure for obtaining such intervals is reviewed, and a discussion of frequentist shortest intervals is given along with frequentist interpretations of the intervals from these tables.


Objective To understand the characteristics and trends of non-bacterial food poisoning so as to develop appropriate preven tive and control measures.Methods Analyzing the time,geography,places,poisoning factors of non-bacterial food poisoning in Nanning from 2004 to 2008.Results The non-bacterial food poisoning has been declining in recent years.Most of the cases occurred in summer,autumn and winter,and the number of people affected is more in spring and summer.Geographically,among those affected,rural people made up the most portion,suburban people followed by and urban people came to the last.Home is the main poisoning place.The poisoning factors lied mainly on organic phosphorus pesticides,tung oil and wild mushrooms.Most of the poisoning people were related to beans,tung oil,nitrite,and organic phosphorus pesticides.Conclusion The non-bacterial food poisoning has its own inherent laws,which should be targeted to make appropriate preventive and control measures to effectively protect people's health.


The tobacco budworm causes losses to Arkansas cotton each year. It is an especially troubling pest because of its ability to develop resistance to insecticides (Bagwell et al., 1998; Payne et al.,1999). Since its release in 1996, Bollgard cotton has done a good job of controlling the tobacco budworm. Studies have shown increasing tolerance to the Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxin used in Bollgard cotton in the cotton bollworm, but not the tobacco budworm (Sumerford et al., 1999). However, other studies have shown that the yields of Bollgard cotton varieties in Arkansas have been variable and sometimes disappointing, particularly in Southeast Arkansas (Bryant et al., 1999a, 1999b, 2000). Yield inconsistency and lower budworm pressure in Northeast Arkansas have driven growers to plant lower percentages of Bollgard varieties as compared with many other Delta and Southeastern cotton states (Williams, 1999). Therefore, many Arkansas growers are relying on foliar insecticides for protection against tobacco budworm populations.


Abstract This article examines banditry, embezzlement, and other insider crimes along Egyptian railway lines during a period when British officials exerted centralized control over the Egyptian railway and financial austerity had a negative impact on the rail sector. By exploring the motives and tactics of railway crimes, I posit that criminals, by making claims on and use of the technology outside the purview of state regulations, expressed their heterogeneous desires to redistribute social wealth, repurpose the technological promise of modern railways, and confound intentions of colonial governance. Using new archival materials, this article utilizes a bottom-up approach to examine grassroots activism, everyday knowledge, informal networks, and the social mores and norms that criminals harnessed to discern infrastructural vulnerabilities and elude surveillance from the colonial state. Ultimately, I contend that criminal acts uncovered social crises otherwise hidden under the shadow of the exterior prosperity and stability of late 19th-century Egypt.


The article summarized the effects of heavy metal pollution on the biomass,population and community structure and the character of physiological biochemistry of soil microorganism.The article illuminated the heavy metal-resistance mechanisms of soil microorganism,and further discussed the advances of restoration mechanisms and the research of soil mi-croorganism.


PURPOSE: To form a platinum alloy plating film capable of being thickened and with the luster and hardness being better than those of pure platinum by using a platinum alloy plating soln. contg. at least one kind of metal ion among Sn, Zn and Pd in addition to Pt in electroplating. CONSTITUTION: A platinum alloy electroplating soln. contg. 1-100g/l of Pt as a Pt(OH) 6 2- complex ion and ≥1 kind of metal ion among Sn, Zn and Pd and kept at pH ≥7 and 60°C is used, and electroplating is carried out with a DC or pulse current. In this case, Sn is added as sodium stannate or potassium stannate, Zn is added to form Zn(OH) 3 - or Zn(OH) 4 2- as Zn ion, Pd is added as Pd(NH 3 ) 2 Cl 2 to form (Pd(NH 3 ) 2 ) 2+ , etc., the total amt. of the additives is controlled to 50mg/l to 100g/l, and further amidosulfuric acid or its Na salt, K salt, etc., are added to obtain a plating soln. to be used. COPYRIGHT: (C)1993,JPO&Japio


Objective of this study is to develop an evidence‐based guideline for the noninvasive management of soft tissue disorders of the shoulder (shoulder pain), excluding major pathology.


Under living below the resources constraint,the government shall surely find the function to locate and innovate its part in the layout.The government innovation part ought to sufficiently comprehend natural resources property,i.e.the immediate future spatial distribution disequilibrium,the finiteness of amount and quality divergence.On the above bases,the government that positively plays its action,exerts its efforts on the natural resources what deploys,that is,the institution builder,the impartial protector of community,the undertaker of the community public welfare,the nation strategy resources developer and the corrector of the market failure.


The purpose of this research was to develop formulations of chewing candies (CCs) in a sustainable manner by using berry by-products in combination with antimicrobial lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains. To implement this aim, the optimal quantities of by-products from lyophilised raspberry (Rasp) and blackcurrant (Bcur) from the juice production industry were selected. Prior to use, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LUHS135, Liquorilactobacillus uvarum LUHS245, Lacticaseibacillus paracasei LUHS244, and Pediococcus acidilactici LUHS29 strains were multiplied in a dairy industry by-product—milk permeate (MP). The antimicrobial activity of the selected ingredients (berry by-products and LAB) was evaluated. Two texture-forming agents were tested for the CC formulations: gelatin (Gl) and agar (Ag). In addition, sugar was replaced with xylitol. The most appropriate formulation of the developed CCs according to the product's texture, colour, total phenolic compound (TPC) content, antioxidant activity, viable LAB count during storage, overall acceptability (OA), and emotions (EMs) induced in consumers was selected. It was established that the tested LAB inhibited three pathogens out of the 11 tested, while the blackcurrant by-products inhibited all 11 tested pathogens. The highest OA was shown for the CC prepared with gelatin in addition to 5 g of Rasp and 5 g of Bcur by-products. The Rasp and LUHS135 formulation showed the highest TPC content (147.16 mg 100 g−1 d.m.), antioxidant activity (88.2%), and LAB count after 24 days of storage (6.79 log10 CFU g−1). Finally, it was concluded that Gl, Rasp and Bcur by-products, and L. plantarum LUHS135 multiplied in MP are promising ingredients for preparing CCs in a sustainable manner; the best CC formula consisted of Gl, Rasp by-products, and LUHS135 and showed the highest OA (score 9.52) and induced the highest intensity of the EM 'happy' (0.231).


Anthropologists soon will gather—in person and virtually—for the annual conference of the American Anthropological Association (AAA) in Baltimore, Maryland. This year's theme


This study aims to determine the effect of the use of audio visual media on learning outcomes of Pencak Silat Jurus Prasetya learning in grade V students in SD Negeri Cisitu 2 Bandung. The research method used in this research is experimental research method with the research design is Post-test Only Control Design. Population in this research is all student of class V in SD Negeri Cisitu 2 Bandung about 62 people. The sample in this research are 20 students, consist of 10 students of experimental group and 10 students of control group. Sampling technique that will be used for research is using purposive sampling technique. The instrument used in this study is a test. From the data analysis results obtained t_count = 4.49, and t_table obtained from the list of t distribution with probability 1-α = 1 0.05 = 0.95 and dk = (n_1 + n_2-2) = (10 + 10-2) = 18, then t_table obtained is 1734. So t_count = 4.49 is greater than t_table = 1.734. Thus t_count is in the rejection region Ho, then Ha accepted. So the conclusion is "Learning pencak silat jurus prasetya by using audio visual media gives a significant influence on the learning outcomes pencak silat on grade V SD Negeri


A case of tubal pregnancy in association with Schistasoma mansoni salpingitis is reported. Involvement of female genital organs by S mansoni is rare and lower in frequency than with Schistasoma haematobium. The association of tubal pregnancy with S mansoni salpingitis has not been previously reported. The route of spread to the female genitalia is discussed. The finding of tubal pregnancy in association with severe chronic schistosomal salpingitis with marked tubal deformity strongly suggests that the parasitic infestation was a significant factor contributing to the tubal pregnancy in this case.


Qigong, a traditional Chinese exercise routine, has been used as a treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD) in many studies, and the results have confirmed its effectiveness in reducing the symptoms of PD. However, no study has yet investigated the long-term effects and benefits of Qigong practices in improving the symptoms of PD. The purpose of this follow-up evaluation was to investigate the long-term effects of Qigong practices in improving the symptoms of PD. In this randomized controlled trial (RCT), patients in the moderate stage of PD (N = 15), who had been practicing Qigong exercises, agreed to participate in this follow-up measurement after the intervention. Two important indicators, the Timed Up and Go test (TUG) and the One-legged Blind Balance test, were used to measure the patients' functional coordination and progressive balance capabilities. Results one year following the intervention were compared with data from the same patients at the 5th and 10th weeks in the previous RCT experimental group using repeated measures ANOVA. The results showed that the patients in this study demonstrated a significant improvement in the TUG test (P < 0.01) and balance ability test (P < 0.05). Qigong exercises can significantly improve the patients' functional coordination and balance capabilities with moderate PD. Therefore, the Qigong exercise routine can be used as an effective long-term rehabilitation therapy for PD.


A low-current scanning tunneling microscope (STM) was used to image ordered alkanethiol self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on Au (111) surface. The effects of the tunneling current on the STM images of both decanethiol and dodecanethiol SAMs were studied. At low current, with the tip above the sample surface, domain boundaries and ordered alkanethiol molecules can be seen clearly. When the tunneling current was increased, destructive STM images of decanethiol and dodecanethiol SAMs were observed. However, when the tunneling current was reduced back to the original low values, the ordered structures of alkanethiol molecules reappeared. This reversible process suggests that there is no rearrangement in the sulfur head groups under different tunneling current conditions. In this article, we present a model which supports the important role of the alkyl chain in the STM imaging of SAMs. In our model, the medium conductance is a key factor.


A phase shift memory device is provided to prevent titanium of an upper electrode from penetrating into a phase changeable material pattern by using an improved diffusion barrier layer containing tellurium. A phase shift memory device includes a phase changeable material pattern(140), first and second electrodes, and a diffusion barrier layer. The first and second electrodes are used for supplying electric signals to the phase changeable material pattern. The diffusion barrier layer(150) contacts the first electrode. The diffusion barrier layer is used for the element contained in the first electrode from diffusing into the phase changeable material pattern. The first electrode contains titanium element. The diffusion barrier layer contacts one out of upper and lower surfaces of the first electrode. The diffusion barrier layer contains TiTe2.


The extraction of low-permeability coalbed methane (CBM) has the dual significance of energy utilization and safe mining. Understanding hydraulic fracturing mechanism is vital to successful development of CBM. Therefore, it is important to improve the law of hydraulic fracture propagation in coal and rigorously study the influencing factors. In this paper, laboratory experiments and numerical simulation methods were used to investigate the hydraulic fracture propagation law of coal in coalbed methane reservoir with natural fractures. The results show that the maximum and minimum horizontal in situ stress and the difference in stress significantly affect the direction of crack propagation. The elastic modulus of coal, the mechanical properties of natural fractures, and the injection rate can affect the fracture length, fracture width, and the amount of fracturing fluid injected. To ensure the effectiveness of hydraulic fracturing, a reservoir environment with a certain horizontal stress difference under specific reservoir conditions can ensure the increase of fractured reservoir and the controllability of fracture expansion direction. In order to increase the volume of fractured reservoir and fracture length, the pumping speed of fracturing fluid should not be too high. The existence of stress shadow effect causes the hydraulic fracture to propagate along the main fracture track, where the branch fracture cannot extend too far. Complex fractures are the main hydraulic fracture typology in coalbed methane reservoir with natural fractures. The results can provide a benchmark for optimal design of hydraulic fracturing in coalbed methane reservoirs.


The retention and efflux of lipid-bound 2-chloro-4',4"-di(2imidazolin-2-yl)terephthalanilide (NSC 60339) has been correlated with the sensitivity, resistance, or cross-resistance of 7 tumor lines to phthalanilide treatment in vivo. The sensitive tumors (L1210, L1210/MTX, L1210/ara-C, and P815) rapidly took up the drug and retained it primarily as lipid-bound drug for the 24-hr experimental period. The resistant tumor, L1210/ NSC 60339, and 2 cross-resistant tumors, P388/VCR and P815/VLB, took up as much drug as the sensitive tumors did by 0.5 hr, but there was an efflux of lipid-bound drug from these resistant tumors by 24 hr. Two other drug fractions, hydrophilic-bound and "free," generally decreased in both sensitive and resistant tumors. All 3 drug fractions are extracted from Escherichia coli B, P388, and P388/NSC 60339 that were treated in. vitro, and the efflux of drug from these tumor cells in vitro are described. The drug-lipid complexes which were extracted from phthalanilide-resistant and cross-resistant tumors after treatment in vivo were more hydrophobic than those from sensitive tumors. The relative hydrophobicity of the crude drug complexes from P388 and P388/60339 cells was similar to the relative hydrophobicity of highly purified complexes. The drug-lipid complexes from the 2 phthalanilidesensitive tumors, which were resistant to Methotrexate (MTX) and cytosine arabinoside (ara-C), did not show such hydrophobic character. Therefore, it is possible that the mechanism of resistance to Vinca alkaloids, which are cross-resistant to the phthalanilides and are also large cationic drugs, may involve the formation and mobilization of drug-lipid complexes.


In this paper we study a class of broken ray transforms (BRT), which can be implemented with flat and/or curved detectors. In the case of two detectors we obtain an inversion formula, which involves a second-order derivative of the data and integration along characteristics. In the case of three detectors, we obtain an inversion formula, which is purely local and involves only the first-order derivatives of the data. Hence the formula solves the interior problem. Neither the object nor the source and detectors require to be rotated in order to obtain a complete data set. We also prove a theorem, which describes the range of the BRT in the case of three detectors. Finally, the results of numerical experiments are presented.


This invention relates to a method (and a corresponding system) of creating a cylinder oil, the method comprising modification of at least one initial fluid (101) by determining the TBN(s) of the at least one initial fluid, determining a desired TBN of a cylinder oil (102) and adjusting the TBN(s) of the at least one initial fluid (101) accordingly by blending the at least one initial fluid (101) with suited additive(s) (103). In this way, a method (and system) for modifying initial fluid(s) to create a cylinder oil by adjusting TBN is obtained. This provides significant economical benefits since lubricants that otherwise would have to be disposed of can be re-used as a total-loss cylinder lubricant. Further cylinder oil does not have to be purchased. The oil(s) used to blend the cylinder oil is/are of more consistent quality as it is replenished contrary to the traditional practice which reduces machinery wear, etc. Thus, the replenishment of the initial fluid(s) provides enhanced and consistent performance of the initial fluids resulting in greatly reduced component wear and equipment lifecycle cost. Even further, a more environmentally friendly method/system is provided since waste, in the form of spent oil(s) that is discarded after prolonged use, is reduced as it is converted into a cylinder oil.


The invention provides an AVM system comprising a camera module, which is used to shoot images of a front part, a rear part, a left side part, and a right side part of a vehicle; a sensor module, which is used to output pressure values of the force applied to the seats of the vehicle; a control module, which is used to output the AVM images provided with corrected image distortion based on the tolerance correction value calculated by the pressure values of the seats, when the distortion of the AVM images formed by combining the images of the front part, the rear part, the left side part, and the right side according to the image synthesis algorithm.


in this paper, we study about bandwidth and delay estimate in WMAN, and propose a method to obtain different delay estimate in multi-path by transmission detect packets. So that we can estimate any packet's transmission delay in each path. According to delay estimates of the different path, adjust the order of sending of data packet in Cache. So as to achieve the purpose of reducing delays of the overall operations flow and out-of-order. Simulation results show that the strategy is effective.


1. Introduction Paul Downward 2. Critical Realism and Economics Shelia Dow 3. Conceptualising Unemployment in a period of Atypical Employment: A Critical-Realist Approach Steve Fleetwood 4. Critical Realism, Methodology and Applied Economics Bernard Walters and David Young 5. Critical realism and Formal Modelling: Incompatible Bedfellows? Mark Setterfield 6. Seeking a Role for Empirical Analysis in Critical-Realist Explanation Paul Downward, John H. Finch and John Ramsay 7. Critical Realism and Econometrics: Interaction between Philosophy and Post Keynesian Practice Paul Downward and Andrew Mearman 8. A Pragmatic Alliance between Critical Realism and Simple Non-parametric Statistical Techniques John H. Finch and Robert McMaster 9. Triangulation, Time and the Social Objects of Econometrics Wendy Olsen 10. Theory Foundations and the Methological Foundations of Post Keynesian Economics Frederic S. Lee 11. Questionnaires in Realist research: A Case Study of Rural Small-Scale Industry in Ghana Wendy Olsen, Thandie M. Hara, and Sampson Edusah 12. Critical Realism and Applied Work in Economic History: Some Methodological Implications Brian Pinkstone 13. Critical Realism and the Political Economy of the Euro Philip Arestis, Andrew Brown and Malcolm Sawyer 14. Presenting Demi-Regularities: The Case of Post Keynesian Pricing aul Downward and Andrew Mearman 15. From Predictive To Indicative Statistics: Explaining Corporate Borrowing Murray Glickman 16. Transition in Eastern Europe: Critical Realism and Qualitative Insights Karl Petrick 17. Conclusion Paul Downward


In this work, we proposed a novel ultrasonic transducer array based on an array of 50 × 50 piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducers (pMUTs). The structure was specially designed for fingerprint imaging application. The pMUTs array were fabricated with isolated piezoelectric lead zirconate titanate (PZT) cells to reduce the crosstalk between adjacent units, and released by deep- silicon etching from the back side. The cell size and pitch of pMUTs were 50 μ m and 100 μ m, respectively. Layer-by-layer annealing method was used instead of one-time annealing during the fabrication of sol-gel based PZT film. The resonance frequency of the pMUT was about 24.82 MHz which agreed well with simulated 25.02 MHz. Besides, the effective electro-mechanical coupling coefficient (k eff ) and mechanical quality factor (Q factor) of the transducer were 0.1293 and 198, respectively. The equivalent circuit of the transducer was established and analyzed. The fitted admittance circle agreed well with the experimental result. This demonstration of pMUTs array has profound potential for large-scale, high-density, and high-frequency fingerprint imaging.


Abstract This paper presents a section of my ongoing PhD research, which investigates the reporting of corporate fraud by UK newspapers, in particular with regard to criminalisation and legitimation. This paper explores modality present in a corpus of corporate fraud news, using methods from corpus linguistics. The corpus consists of articles taken from seven mainstream newspapers, both broadsheet and tabloid, over the period 2004-2014. The overall methodological framework of my PhD research is corpus-supported Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA). CDA has been criticised since its inception, in particular for researcher bias and the lack of representativeness of the texts investigated. However, both critics and proponents of CDA (Widdowson, 2004; Fairclough, 2015) agree that corpus linguistics can offer a suitable solution to these criticisms. Investigating modality using corpus linguistics is not a particularly straightforward method. While software can list modal verbs in the corpus, and the corresponding frequencies of these modal verbs, other indicators of modality (adverbs, adjectives) are less straightforwardly uncovered. Newspapers employ a relatively large amount of epistemic modality to describe the actions of corporations implicated in corporate fraud suits, which shows a particular constraint in accusing these corporations. This restraint may not always be shown to other parties.


A cooling system of a stationary target for the Fusion Neutronics Source (FNS) has been designed to satisfy the structural, thermal and hydraulic requirements. Two square tubes for ion beam and for cooling water were concentrically placed and the target was mounted on the top of the beam guide tube. The end plate of the outer tube was devised to be removable for easier replacement of the target. In order to test the cooling capability of the system, dummy target assemblies with electical heaters were used in the experiment of heat transfer in place of using an accelerator. Correlations of heat transfer and head loss were obtained experimentally as a function of Reynolds number. The extrapolation of the data has shown that for the present target system, about 2.3 kW is the maximum power for the beam in diameter of 15 mm. This value was sufficiently large compared with the required heat load of FNS.


The near-threshold photoelectron spectrum in a resonant two-photon ionization process is investigated using a nonperturbative method. The hydrogen atom is represented by a realistic model including an infinite number of Rydberg states converging at the threshold. When the threshold is crossed a typical two-peak structure of the spectrum is modified by cutting off part of the spectrum which may include one or even two peaks.


Structural design of the bridges above the railway as part of the rotor construction situated at the crossroads of ŽC6139 and ŽC6270 is presented in this thesis. There are four bridges made of reinforced concrete including prefabricated bridge girders ad other elements constructed in situ. The thesis includes: technical descriptions, basic structural plans, calculation of the structural elements and reinforcement plans. This thesis is written on the basis of the main plan including execution design plans.


The Kuramoto‐Sivashinsky equation has emerged as a fundamental evolution equation to describe highly nonlinear physical processes in unstable systems. In general, it constitutes a nonlinear initial‐valued problem involving fourth‐order spatial derivatives. Finite element solutions for the Kuramoto‐Sivashinsky equation are not common because the primal variational formulation of fourth‐order operators requires finite element basis functions which are piecewise smooth and globally at least C1‐continuous. In this paper a novel B‐spline based finite element approach to the solution of the one‐dimensional Kuramoto‐Sivashinsky equation is presented. Extensive numerical studies of different scenarios in the Kuramoto‐Sivashinsky equation will illustrate the quality of our approach.


In the present paper, we explore wormholes in R2-gravity within the f(R,T) formalism by using b(r)= rer0-r (hybrid shape function). The functional form f(R, T)= R + αR2


Objective : The article has two objectives: to evaluate the activities of the sovereign wealth funds of EU member states, and to identify the strengths and weaknesses in their functioning. Research Design & Methods : The study uses the original Indicator of Assessment of Sovereign Wealth Funds (the SWF Indicator), an analysis of information and data on these funds, and comparative analysis. Findings : The activity of the sovereign wealth funds was assessed as moderately positive. Their strengths include their institutional foundations, governance and portfolio management. The weaknesses include a failure to  achieve environmental, social and ethical goals, as well as the support of economic policy. Implications / Recommendations : The implications presented in the paper show that sovereign wealth funds should take measures to address their weaknesses. For this purpose, they can rely on good practices identified in the study. Contribution : A comprehensive assessment of the activities of EU Member States' sovereign wealth funds.


Mental Health engenders harmony, tranquility, welfare, and peace of the soul. Mental health can be realized if we comprehend the nature of human being as individual, social being, and religious being. This study attempts to examine sufistic counseling as a result of the harmonization between psychology and sufism whose role is strong enough for the realization of mental health. Human being perspective in psychology and sufism were also presented to gain a better and more comprehensive understanding of human nature. Using library research of relevant literature as the method, this study concludes that sufi counseling could be a bridge to harmonize between psychology and sufism. It also could be directed to realize mental health in individual level. In addition, sufism provides a typical pattern for the development of counseling and it has a great opportunity to give its own color for counseling trend in the modern era.


The invention discloses antioxidant nickel aluminum alloy comprising the following components in percentage by mass: 22.5-26.5% of nickel, 3.6-4.8% of copper, 0.8-1.2% of silicon, 0.5-1.1% of molybdenum, 0.4-1.0% of titanium, 0.2-0.6% of beryllium, 2.4-3.2% of rare earth elements and the balance of aluminum and impurities, wherein the content of the impurities does not exceed 0.05%, and the rare earth elements are formed by mixing 56-74% of cerium and 26-44% of lanthanum in percentage by mass. In such a way, the antioxidant nickel aluminum alloy can have favorable antioxidant property, so that nickel aluminum alloy is not easily oxidized in a high-temperature environment, and furthermore the service life of the nickel aluminum alloy is greatly prolonged.


This article examines the efficacy of using concept mapping to identify the key dimensions that influence the use of research-based information by school practitioners, including teachers, educational counsellors, and school administrators. This mapping exercise was the first step in developing a competency framework for translation of research-based knowledge in education. Its aim was to provoke collective reflection of key stakeholders in the education sector who are already playing a role in knowledge transfer in their settings, to find out what should be done to make the scientific knowledge more useful to professional practices in schools. Altogether, the exercise identified eight domains that, according to respondents, influence the use of research in schools. These results were subsequently validated by three subgroups of participants and compared against the scientific literature on the topic to lay the foundation for identifying competencies that should be included in the framework. The map produced in the exercise described in this article presents a first picture of how things should be, in education, in order for teachers, educational counsellors, and school administrators to be informed by research-based information. The concept mapping methodology used in this study combined qualitative and quantitative approaches and was based on the active participation of key stakeholders. In the context of a project to develop a competency framework to foster knowledge translation, we consider this method to be appropriate and compares favourably with other group techniques.


www.ee.usp.br/reeusp Rev Esc Enferm USP · 2015; 49(1):112-119 * Extracted from the dissertation "A interação estudante-tecnologia educacional digital em enfermagem neonatal", School of Nursinf of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, 2013. 1Master of Science, School of Nursinf of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil 2 PhD in Education, Nursing Department, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Parana, Brazil. 3 Full Professor, School of Nursinf of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. 4 PhD, School of Nursinf of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil. ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the digital educational technology interface Caring for the sensory environment in the neonatal unit: noise, lighting and handling based on ergonomic criteria. Methods: Descriptive study, in which we used the guidelines and ergonomic criteria established by ISO 9241-11 and an online Likert scale instrument to identify problems and interface qualities. The instrument was built based on Ergolist, which follows the criteria of ISO 9141-11. There were 58 undergraduate study participants from the School of Nursing of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, who attended the classes about neonatal nursing content. Results: All items were positively evaluated by more than 70% of the sample. Conclusion: Educational technology is appropriate according to the ergonomic criteria and can be made available for teaching nursing students.


Introduction: Sickle cell disease is a complex disease process highlighted by a high phenotypic variability associated with a myriad of acute and chronic complications. Cerebrovascular disease is a serious complication in SCD associated with a high degree of morbidity and mortality. The utility of transcranial doppler ultrasound (TCD) to measure velocity within major arteries of the brain has been validated as a way to predict those at increased risk for stroke. Unfortunately, despite the availability of TCD, individuals may develop stroke and/or silent stroke prior to obtaining an abnormal study. Hemolysis via a hemolytic index variable has been shown to be associated with other complications associated with SCD. This study aimed to evaluate an association between a hemolytic index variable obtained in the first two years of life and development of abnormal or conditional TCD velocities later in childhood in patients with sickle cell anemia (SCA) with thoughts this may provide an earlier tool to determine those who may be at increased risk for stroke prior to either obtaining a TCD or developing an abnormal TCD.
 Methods: This study was a single-center, retrospective chart review of patients with SCA receiving their disease related care at our center over a 17 year period. Laboratory values, including lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin (TB), absolute reticulocyte count (ARC), and hemoglobin (HB), obtained in the first two years of life were extracted; these values were utilized to calculate a hemolytic index (HI) via principle component analysis to determine if a relationship existed between HI and development of conditional or abnormal TCD. All TCD results obtained from 2-14 years of age were also extracted from the patient's record. Cox proportional hazards models were then used to determine if the hemolytic index was a risk factor for abnormal or conditional TCD results.
 Results: A total of 193 patients with SCA between ages 2 - 21 years were reviewed with 109 included in the analysis. Laboratory values were averaged from included patients, then principle component analysis was used to find a linear combination of LDH, AST, TB and ARC to calculate a HI. The HI accounted for 49% of the total variation and had a correlation of 0.58 with mean LDH, 0.38 with mean AST, 0.46 with mean TB and 0.56 with mean ARC. Cox regression hazards model utilizing HI revealed a hazard ratio of 1.33 (95% CI 1.04‐1.70, p = 0.025) for developing a conditional or abnormal TCD velocity.
 HB was then included along with the other four laboratory values for principle component analysis in creation of a hemoglobin HI (HHI); in this case, the index accounts for 44% of the total variance and it has a correlation of 0.52 with mean LDH, 0.33 with mean AST, 0.38 with mean TB, 0.55 with mean ARC and ‐0.42 with mean HB. Cox regression hazards model utilizing HHI revealed a hazard ratio of 1.31 (95% CI 1.04‐1.66, p = 0.024).
 Conclusions: This retrospective study noted an increased risk for development of an abnormal or conditional TCD with an increased HI. The addition of hemoglobin to the HI to form HHI showed an elevated risk for abnormal or conditional TCD to the same degree as HI itself. These results could offer an additional tool in the evaluation of the pediatric SCA population, although these results would benefit from a prospective look. Further look into a possible association between HI and other SCD related complications such as stroke and acute chest syndrome could provide further information for the treating team for the overall management of this complex disease.

 Woods: Global Blood Therapeutics: Research Funding; Pfizer: Research Funding; Guidepoint: Honoraria; Putman: Honoraria; Children's Mercy Hospital: Employment, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees.


The experiment on the effect of different environmental condition on different types of sweet lime cutting was carried out at Agriculture Research Institute Tarnab, Peshawar, Pakistan in 2010-11. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replications. Three different cutting types i.e. tip cutting, softwood and semi hardwood, were planted in three different environmental conditions i.e. Open field, plastic tunnel and shade house. The variables studied were number of roots per cutting, sprouting percentage, days to sprouting, number of sprouts cuttings, leaves per shoot. The results revealed that semi hardwood cuttings took minimum days to sprouting and maximum sprouting percentage and leaves per shoot. Soft wood cutting attained maximum roots per cutting and number of sprouts per cutting whereas tip cutting showed lowest sprouting percentage, sprouts per cutting, leaves per shoot and roots per cutting. In case of the environmental conditions, the cutting planted in plastic tunnel showed maximum roots per cutting, sprouting percentage, sprouts per cutting, leaves per shoot and minimum days to sprouting. While the cuttings planted in open field showed minimum roots per cutting, sprouting percentage, sprouts per cutting, leaves per shoot, and maximum days to sprouting. It is concluded that planting Semi hardwood or softwood performs best under plastic tunnel.


Tu opera In Chongqing Shizhu Tujia Zu Autonomy County's, is a kind of folk self-entertaining drama with fairly local characteristics.But it faded out the culture stage and people's memory in the following of history and modernization.Through the official material record and Ethnology Field Work, according to the world and the Chinese Intangible Cultural Heritage's declaration standards, analyze the conditions of Tu opera to declare Chongqing Intangible Cultural Heritage.


We have come to believe in our time that appearances are as important as reality, sometimes even more so. It may well be true that the appearance of virtue is as important as virtue itself and that a good rule of ethics is never do anything you would not like to see printed on the front page of tomorrow's newspaper. But it is not true that the false appearance of virtue is the best way to deal with evil, or that good publicity anywhere gives one license to do harm The poet Emily Dickinson made one of her characteristically penetrating observations when she wrote: "Tell all the truth but tell it slant/ Success in circuit lies." Her point was that you can take the edge off an uncomfortable truth by telling it circuitously. That way your audience mill not realize quite what you are saying. You won't actually be telling a lie if you follow her advice, but you may be fooling those who are listening to you into thinking that your slant of the truth is in fact the whole, unbiased truth. With those lines, Emily Dickinson could be the poet laureate of the public relations field. She put her finger on an aspect of our business which leads to twisting the truth to suit our ends and makes us accomplices in trying to mislead our audiences. The problem in public relations is that we can twist - or slant - information in many ways to rationalize a given point of view. Emily Dickinson saw it as a universal tendency, but I'm afraid we public relations people do it more than other professionals, since that is often the nature of our job. Distractions from reality Sometimes this involves a sleight of hand which distracts the attention of the observer from what is taking place behind the showy performance. Thus, former Secretary of State James Baker showed up on the Turkish border right after the Gulf War to visit a Kurdish camp site. He stayed long enough to be photographed, and then left. Cynics called it no more than a "public relations photo-op." They said that nothing of substance was accomplished. It was all for show. This falls into the category of what is popularly called "hype." I hate that word because it suggests that the business of public relations people is to pump up a product - any kind of product but particularly one which has little value - by gimmicky promotions that make it seem much better than it is. I object to the word used in connection with public relations, just as I objected 30 years ago to the word "image" when it first became popular in the field. Neither represents an aspect of public relations of which I am particularly proud. One suggests that artificially created images can be a substitute for reality, and the other that inferior products or insignificant events or unimpressive individuals can be hyped to look better than they are. However, I admit that both hype and image have won a place in the public relations lexicon because they describe what sometimes seems to be our assignment. The unfortunate aspect of this tendency can be seen when a company that is not doing well is more concerned about what people think than what is actually happening. Suppliers worry about being paid. Customers worry about the company's ability to fill orders. Bankers worry about extending credit. Shareholders worry that the price of their stock will fall. What does management do to cope with these negative attitudes? Retain a public relations firm to counteract the negative impressions. And what does the public relations firm do? Develop articles by the president. Arrange speeches for top executives. Organize seminars or conferences. Encourage making a generous contribution to a community cause. If something is basically wrong with the company, sales and earnings will continue to slip and people will continue to lose their jobs. Public relations may not be able to redress the real problem. Practitioners are often asked to create positive impressions that will offset the negative ones and thereby deflect attention away from whatever is causing difficulties. …


FIELD: instrumentation. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to instrumentation, particularly, to determination of the core magnetic parameter, namely the permanent magnetic field component. Part of magnetic flux is branched from the core and fed to shunting part. Note here that magnetic material of magnetic shunting part is not saturated. This results from sensory-analytical device including coil fitted at shunting branch. Magnetic parameter is defined by this branched part of magnetic flux or by its derivative. Obtained results allow the signal filtration. EFFECT: perfected method. 18 cl, 2 dwg


The article provides an insight into the marketing strategy and practise of Severodeska plynarenska a.s. in the North Bohemia region, where funds alloted by the state for the National Programme of Atmosphere Recovery were utilized to speed up gas utilization with the active and complex support of Severoceska plynarenska a.s.