Apparent molar volumes (V φ ) have been determined for tartaric acid in water and in aqueous solutions of mono- and disaccharides at different concentrations by measuring the densities at 293.15, 303.15, 313.15 and 323.15 K. The limiting apparent molar volume, V φ 0, (which is equal to the partial molar volume, V 2 0 at infinite dilution) and experimental slope (S v ) have been obtained in each case. The partial molar volumes (V 2 0 ) have been used to calculate the partial molar volumes of transfer (ΔV φ 0 ) of tartaric acid from water to aqueous solutions of mono- and disaccharides at different temperatures. The values of limiting apparent molar expansibilities (φ E 0 ) and that of (∂ 2 V φ 0 /∂T 2 ) p have been determined from temperature-dependence of V φ 0 . The values of pair and triplet coefficients have been determined from ΔV φ 0 . It is concluded that tartaric acid behaves as structure maker in water as well as in aqueous solutions of mono- and disaccharides.


Abstract:  Protected areas may provide insufficient protection for carnivores such as bears (Ursidae) with large home ranges and extensive seasonal movements. Even in protected areas, harvest can be the main cause of mortality if parks are small or individuals live close to the boundary. At >7,600 km2, Algonquin Provincial Park (APP) is the largest protected area in southern Ontario, Canada, yet wolves (Canis lycaon c.f.) experienced increased mortality when leaving APP to hunt white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). American black bears (Ursus americanus; hereafter, bears) also undertake seasonal movements, and may incur increased risk of harvest related mortality if they leave the park. We fitted 72 bears with Global Positioning System or Very High Frequency radiocollars during 2006–2014 to determine overall and cause-specific mortality rates, and whether risk of mortality changed when bears left APP or during years of low natural food availability. Further, we compared the abundance of resident bears with harvest rates in Wildlife Management Units (WMUs) surrounding APP to determine whether harvest was higher in areas surrounding the park compared with WMUs farther from the park boundary. Hazard analysis showed annual mortality for radiocollared bears in APP was 15%. Harvest mortality was double that of all other causes combined. Bears were 7 times more likely to die outside the park. Years of lower natural food availability inside the park, or higher red oak (Quercus rubra) availability outside the park did not significantly alter the risk of mortality. Male bears were 6 times more likely to be harvested than females, and 4 times more likely to die from other causes. High harvests of bears in WMUs near APP contrasted with low abundance of resident bears, suggesting that APP acts as a source population for harvest that occurs near park boundaries. Meaningful maintenance of the integrity of bear populations in protected areas should be undertaken at the landscape scale.


Climate change, diminishing reserves of fossil fuels, energy security, and consumer demand all depend on alternatives to our current course of energy usage and consumption. A broad consensus concurs that implementing energy efficiency and renewable energy technologies are necessities now rather than luxuries to be deferred to some distant future. Neither effort can effect serious change in our energy patterns without marked improvements in electrical energy storage, with electrochemical energy storage in batteries and electrochemical capacitors serving as key components of any plausible scenario.^1, 2 Consumer expectations of convenience and long-lived portable power further drive the need to push these old devices onto a new performance curve. This issue of MRS Bulletin addresses the significant advances occurring in research laboratories around the world as old electrode materials and designs are re-envisioned, and abandoned materials of the past are reinvigorated by arranging matter and function on the nanoscale to bring batteries and electrochemical capacitors into the 21st century.


The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of corporate governance (audit committee, institutional ownership, managerial ownership, and independent commissioners) on Related Party Transaction Disclosure. The data employed in this study is secondary data, financial statements from manufacturing sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2016 up to 2019. Based on the purposive sampling conducted, companies that meet the criteria in this study are 40 companies, so that the total sample is 160 observations. This study uses panel data regression analysis. This study finds that the independent commissioner has a positive effect on Related Party Transaction Disclosure. Meanwhile, the audit committee, managerial ownership, and institutional ownership do not affect Related Party Transaction Disclosure. This research indicates that the Indonesian Financial Services Authority (OJK) should supervise and tighten the rules for Indonesia listed companies, especially regarding the audit committee's or independent commissioner's requirements in listed companies.


plainly an attempt to counter this latter situation and begin to remedy it. Security and crime prevention in libraries comprizes 16 papers which cover not only book theft and mutilation, but all forms of what its preface calls 'library crime', from vandalism to verbal and physical abuse, harassment, violence and arson. The first two papers, by F.W. Ratcliffe, and Philip Bean, serve as general introductions to the volume's topics. Ratcliffe provides an historical overview and a literature review. Bean


Las Arenas holds an unrivalled location on the beach, 900 meters from the El Medano centre and approximately 7 km from the airport. It is an ideal choice for a restful, relaxing yet exciting getaway as the hotel offers stunning views of the ocean and..


We read with interest the paper, "A large-scale, multicenter serum metabolite biomarker identification study for the early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma," by Luo et al. published in an upcoming issue of HEPATOLOGY. A few concerns which could compromise the paper's conclusions may deserve the authors' attention. Serum a-fetoprotein (AFP) is widely used for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) detection and screening. In this study, however, it is quite striking that the area under receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC) for AFP was only 0.657 in the discovery set because the reported AUC in most published studies was between 0.72 and 0.89, depending on tumor characteristics. Notably, several novel biomarkers, such as des-gamma carboxyprothrombin, lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive AFP, insulin-like growth factor-2, Golgi protein-73 and human hepatocyte growth factor, have all been raised as potential tumor markers for HCC, but none has been validated for clinical use. An important feature of a classical tumor marker is that its blood levels should correlate with tumor burden. It is well known that serum AFP levels tend to increase with larger tumors. Therefore, it would be interesting to know if there is a correlation between the metabolite biomarker (phenylalanyl-tryptophan and glycocholate) and the size of tumor. In addition, a significant drop of serum metabolite levels after tumor eradication is also indirect evidence that the marker is truly released from the tumors. There is another methodological question regarding this study. To confirm if the metabolite biomarker could predict the development of HCC, the best way is to perform Kaplan-Meier analysis during the followup period rather than testing multiple AUCs at different specific time points. Moreover, since most patients in the authors' series had chronic hepatitis B, baseline viral load and the presence of cirrhosis are also known crucial factors to determine cancer development. Collectively, the proposed metabolite biomarker still has many challenges to overcome to be judged as a genuine biomarker for HCC. Teh-Ia Huo, M.D. 1-3 Chia-Yang Hsu, M.D., M.P.H. Po-Hong Liu, M.D., M.P.H. Department of Medicine Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei, Taiwan Faculty of Medicine National Yang-Ming University of Medicine Taipei, Taiwan Institute of Pharmacology National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine Taipei, Taiwan Department of Internal Medicine University of Nevada School of Medicine Reno, NV Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Boston, MA


ROSE of the OSI Reference Model and the RPC paradigm are two major concepts in the area of distributed computing. ISODE and DCE RPC are implementations of these models. This paper is addressed towards distributed application programmers, who use the RO-notation of ASN.1 as specification language and want to develop RPC applications as well. We introduce an approach of a common interface, which consists of two parts: A common interface to the runtime environments of ISODE and DCE, and a transformation from a specification given in the RO-notation into DCE IDL. Using this interface we provide a migration path from an application based on ISODE to one based on DCE. The concept also enables newly developed applications to run in both environments, which in creases the number of potential users substantially. Furthermore the specification of user specific data types and operations can be preserved in ASN.1, since the transformation into DCE IDL is generated by the compiler ro2idl.


Recall that each iteration of the filtering algorithm presented before worked in two steps: first, we find the top eigenvector and eigenvalue of Σ(w), checked if the eigenvalue was below a threshold, and if not, used the top eigenvector to define scores, and applied the univariate filtering algorithm on these scores. The filtering algorithm we'll present here is extremely similar, but with one crucial difference in how we will apply the univariate filter. First, let's see why second moment filter is insufficient here. Notice that it will achieve error O( √ ε), since ε-good data also satisfies the bounded covariance property that the second moment filter needs to get error O( √ ε). However, this analysis is tight: one can show that the second moment filter can only achieve error Ω( √ ε), as opposed to the O(ε √ log 1/ε) that we will obtain later on.


As suggested in An Apology and Paradise Lost, the conception of a "virtuous wisdom" uniting word with "event" provides the model for a Miltonic action that rejoins the two plots of Samson Agonistes. Milton's protagonist gains his identity during the work, through careful listening, dramatic imitation, and finally in the scrupulous substitution of a proper for an improper choral position on his assisting the Dagonalia. Where his countrymen refuse to articulate what the logic of this situation requires, Samson discovers the ability to complete the system of scruple binding them, and thence to frame, and act upon, the theory of a "dispensing" agency in death itself. He thus frees himself from the Chorus' "thoughts" and "vain reasonings," and so reverses a process that began when he "thought it lawful" to marry Dalila. The Messenger's confused report is faithful to his experience, and points squarely at the way providence works in the pre-Christian era. The work refuses to distinguish among the separate terms for divine guidance in lines 1545–48. Milton gives virtually the same name ("motions") to what turned Samson toward the woman at Timna, to what gets Samson offstage, and to what brings the Messenger on.


The intricate interplay between stock prices, reflecting a company's intrinsic value, and multifaceted factors like economic conditions, corporate performance, and market sentiment, constitutes a vital research domain. Grounded in sentiment analysis, our study deciphers public opinions from vast textual data to gauge sentiment, leveraging Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) models. We focus on Bank Central Asia (BBCA), a prominent Indonesian banking institution, aiming to forecast stock price fluctuations by analyzing sentiment trends extracted from social media, especially Twitter. Meticulous experimentation, encompassing data segmentation, feature extraction, augmentation, and model refinement, yields significant enhancements in prediction accuracy. The CNN-LSTM model's performance improves from 73.41% to a robust 77.75% accuracy, with F1-scores rising from 73.00% to 75.42%. Importantly, strong correlations emerge between sentiment predictions and actual stock price movements, validated by Spearman correlation coefficients. Positive sentiment exhibits a substantial correlation of 0.745 with stock price changes, while negative sentiment exerts notable influence with a correlation coefficient of 0.691. In summary, our study advances the field of sentiment-driven stock price prediction, showcasing deep learning's effectiveness in extracting sentiment from social media narratives. The implications extend to understanding market dynamics and potentially integrating sentiment-aware strategies into financial decision-making. Future research directions could explore model transferability across financial contexts, real-time sentiment data integration, and interpretability techniques for enhanced practicality in sentiment-driven predictions.


If there is such a thing as a born librarian, Friedrich Adolf Ebert is a remarkable specimen of a rare breed. This is all the more remarkable because a full-time librarian, passionately devoted to his work and to the cause of professional librarianship, was a virtually unknown species in the early part of the nineteenth century when Ebert became one of Germany's foremost librarians and bibliographers. His career holds a good deal of interest for us even today. With an unusual degree of enthusiasm for the librarian's calling, he combined ideas regarding the role of libraries and librarians in society which were well in advance of the theory and practice of his time. Some of the ideas are as fresh and valid now as they were some 150 years ago. At the same time, Ebert's life and ideas vividly reflect the problems which beset a man who dedicates his life first and foremost to librarianship and, hence, has to choose between creative scholarship in his own right and service to others. This dilemma, as the current literature reflects,' is still very much with us today, and, unless librarianship will find the proper balance between the scholar as librarian and the librarian as scholar, it will not reach its full potential as the independent academic profession that Ebert envisioned. Ebert was born on July 9, 1791, in Taucha, near Leipzig, son of a minor clergyman from whom he inherited a love of books and learning. After graduating from high school with honors, he studied first theology and later history and philology at the University of Leipzig (1808-12), except for a semester spent at the University of Wittenberg. The death of his father in 1807 left the family in straitened circumstances aggravated by the upheavals of the Napoleonic wars. Ebert's student years, therefore, were far from happy. His biographers [5, 6] characterize him as shy, withdrawn, suspicious, and sickly, avoiding all social distractions, and concentrating doggedly on his studies. Whatever ambitions he may have had to become a writer or university professor were cut short when his mother died in 1813, placing upon him the burden


The problem in this study is the lack of public knowledge about the importance of security. Society should not just leave the task kamtibmas to police, but the community must also play a role in maintaining security in addition to the presence of people who are reluctant to report or provide information about the will or under or after the occurrence of a crime and more to avoid as much as possible to deal with the police, because police action that always cause a negative image amongst the people. This study aims to describe the functions performed by the Preventive Patrol Police Mobile Brigade unit in District Pontianak Kalimantan with a qualitative approach. The results that the function Brimob patrol in crime prevention can narrow the space for the occurrence of crime in the District of North Pontianak. The suggestions in this study, in order to increase the intensity of police patrols and the number of personnel. This is necessary because the crime happened so fast movements. With ditambahnya intensity of patrols and the addition of personnel is expected to narrow the space for criminals, so the crime goes down. Keywords: preventive, Patrol, Mobile Brigade.


( ERMAN scholars excel as encyclopedists. This is apparent in every field of intellectual activity. In their national passion for organization they can reduce an array of heterogeneous elements to a more logical pattern, and in their zeal for discipline they can carry out the most ambitious co-operative program with fewer individualistic divagations than, perhaps, any other people. Blessed with these temperamental endowments, they have produced the world's most useful encyclopedic summaries of the various learned professions. Indeed, the Germans have supplied most of these professions with a summary in two distinct forms: a "Handbuch" or "Grundriss," in which the material is systematically presented, and a "Realencyklopedie," in which it is broken up into small units, arranged alphabetically under subject headings. Even librananship, the latest of all the learned professions to attain maturity, has now been thus doubly summarized by its German practitioners: in the Handbuch der Bibliotheksu4ssenschaft,' planned by Fritz Milkau, and in the Lexikon des gesamten Buchwesens, edited by Karl Loffler and Joachim Kirchner. As it appeared, each instalment of these works has been reviewed in the Library Quarterly, with the sole exception of the third and final volume of the Handbuch.2 This was published after the outbreak of war, so that apparently only a few copies, traveling by way of Siberia, have yet reached America. Such a copy is available to the Library Quarteily office. But instead of merely treating this as an independent publication, the editor has asked me to reexamine the Handbuck as a whole and report my findings. I


Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is the most commonly diagnosed developmental disorder, affecting between 3 to 5 percent of children worldwide. Characteristics of ADHD are hyperactivity, inattention, impulsiveness and lack of self-control. Current research shows an increased interest in the perception of time in children with ADHD and some believe it is the ground on which the characteristics build. Children with ADHD can experience problems at school as well as in social settings because they are easily distracted and have difficulty focusing on one task or a conversation. For a child with ADHD to be able to adjust its behaviour, it needs almost constant feedback and encouragement from caregivers. Next to medical treatment, behavioural therapy is available to make the symptoms less disruptive. It is believed to only work as it provides motivation to the child as the child does have the skills but has difficulty showing it. Current products for children with ADHD lack as these do not provide this much needed motivation. The required feedback is often sent too late while children with ADHD need feedback on their behaviour at the point of performance, on the spot. A Personal Informatics system, a tool that collects and displays personal data for the purpose of self-reflection and self-monitoring, can support children with ADHD. By collection personal information about their behaviour and presenting information on it to children to reflect upon, they can increase their self-awareness and adjust their behaviour accordingly. Observing children with ADHD at school and interviewing them, their parents and teachers showed the need for support in classes they work independently. Teacher nor the child itself is able to provide the motivation needed and together with their uncertainty about time this leaves them inattentive for large periods of time. The designed bracelet offers a Personal Informatics system which presents information on time and attention to increase on-task behaviour. The bracelet is worn during the day and used in classes with independent work. Time is presented, showing the child how much time is left and creating a reminder to work. When the child gets distracted, his or her amount of movement will increase. An accelerometer inside the device measures the movement of the non-dominant wrist and gives a signal as soon as the child shows signs of inattention. First stopping the distracting allows children to reflect on what they should be doing. To allow deeper reflection, colours show after class how well the child did. The child is motivated to improve its behaviour as it influence the score shown on the bracelet. These different kinds of reflection complement each other and support self-awareness. Where the bracelet provides options for short-term reflection, an additional software program at home allows more long-term reflection. A prototype to test the reflection on presented information is made. Three children participated and were able to reflect on their own behaviour using the device. They enjoyed wearing and using it and were motivated to change their behaviour in order to get a good score. The design of this device shows what is possible to achieve for children with ADHD by using a Personal Informatics system. Hopefully this project works as an inspiration for other designers to use tools like this more often for similar target groups as it can support them greatly.


M edicine isn't the only health care profession to feel it's under siege in Canada. Tight money, new government policies and payment for services, not knowledge, have backed community pharmacy into a tight spot. To remove themselves from it, pharmacists are going to have to take on more responsibility, say some of the profession's leading thinkers. And they say doctors should not see this as a threat. A leading advocate of this expanded responsibility, termed pharmaceutical care, is Leroy Fevang,


Recent work published by Lindsey et al. find evidence for a deep and compact seismic source for the sunquake associated with the 2011 July 30 M9.3 flare, as well as seismic emission extending up to 10 mHz. We examine the sunquake independently, and a possible wave front is found in the 8 mHz band, though no wave front is easily discernible in the 10 mHz band. Additionally, we perform numerical simulations of seismic excitation modeled with the reported parameters and changes in the power spectra with increasing depth of the excitation source are examined. It is found that the peak frequency decreases for increasing depths, but a shallow minimum is indicated between z = 0 and z = −840 km. Analysis of the suspected wave front of the M9.3 sunquake finds that the power spectrum of the reported seismic emission is close to that of background oscillations, though with a peak frequency noticeably lower than the background peak. Additionally, it is found that the amplitude of the source estimated by Lindsey et al. is too low to produce the observed wave front.


[2.2]Paracyclo-(9,10)- and -(1,4)-anthracenophanes (I and II) and [2.2](1,4)naphthaleno(9,10)anthracenophane (III) have been synthesized and it is noted on the basis of their electronic spectra that in either paracyclo- or naphthaleno-anthracenophane, there is more appreciable transannular interaction in 9,10-bridged system than in 1,4-bridged one.


Small-scale power generation based on renewable energy sources is gaining popularity in distribution grids, creating new challenges for power system control. At the same time, remote consumers with their own small-scale generation still have low reliability of power supply and poor power quality, due to the lack of proper technology for grid control when the main power supply is lost. Today, there is a global trend in the transition from a power supply with centralized control to a decentralized one, which has led to the Microgrid concept. A microgrid is an intelligent automated system that can reconfigure by itself, maintain the power balance, and distribute power flows. The main purpose of this paper is to study the method of control using reclosers in the Lahsh district of the Rasht grid in Tajikistan with distributed small generation. Based on modified reclosers, a method of decentralized synchronization and restoration of the grid normal operation after the loss of the main power source was proposed. In order to assess the stable operation of small hydropower plants under disturbances, the transients caused by proactive automatic islanding (PAI) and restoration of the interconnection between the microgrid and the main grid are shown. Rustab software, as one of the multifunctional software applications in the field of power systems transients study, was used for simulation purposes. Based on the simulation results, it can be concluded that under disturbances, the proposed method had a positive effect on the stability of small hydropower plants, which are owned and dispatched by the Rasht grid. Moreover, the proposed method sufficiently ensures the quality of the supplied power and improves the reliability of power supply in the Lahsh district of Tajikistan.


In a recent paper, Bonitz, Pehlke, and Schoof [Phys. Rev. E 87, 033105 (2013)], hereafter referred to as BPS, have raised some points against the Shukla-Eliasson attractive potential [P. K. Shukla and B. Eliasson, Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 165007 (2012); P. K. Shukla and B. Eliasson, Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 219902(E) (2012); P. K. Shukla and B. Eliasson, Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 019901(E) (2012)], hereafter referred to as SEAP, around a stationary test charge in a quantum plasma. Our objective here is to discuss the insufficiency of the BPS reasoning concerning the applicability of the linearized quantum hydrodynamic theory, as well as to point out the shortcomings in BPS's arguments and to suggest how to salvage BPS's density functional theory and simulations, which have failed to produce results that correctly match with that of Shukla and Eliasson.


As a result of the developments in remote sensing technologies, the classification of remote sensing images according to user needs has gained great attention in recent years. Deep learning techniques are also known to increase the classification performance of remote sensing. In this study, image classification is made with capsule networks, which are deep artificial neural network model, on the multilabel datasets -Ankara Hyperspectral Image Archive and UC Merced Land Use. The performance of the classification is measured with various performance metrics.


Pause for a moment and try to think of a time when you are not in relation. If you think carefully, you will probably realize that regardless of whether you are seemingly alone in a solitary activity (eg, walking in a forest or shopping by yourself at the mall) or visibly interacting with other people you are always relating to yourself, to others, and to your surroundings in some way. Think of how, even at the physiological level, we are relationally interconnected. For example, breathing is a relational process—as we inhale and exhale, we are communing with whatever is in the air be it visible or invisible. Moreover, as we interact by breathing, we are being shaped by the air we inhale and affecting the air others breathe by what we exhale. Simply put, as living, breathing beings, it is impossible to not relate. I begin my discussion with this simple observation because it has profound implications for how we understand relationships and health and what I am inviting you to consider as you ponder the articles in this Advances in Nursing Science issue on Relationships and Health. For example, if at our very core as human beings we live and exist relationally, would it not be vital to consider that relational interplay if we are to promote health? As nurses, might we need to move beyond the decontextualized, individualist orientation that currently dominates health care? Family offers a simple example. The field of family nursing has been developed on the basis of the understanding that families exert real effects on people and those effects can be positive or negative. However, when we consider family in light of the relational nature of human existence, it becomes evident that we need to go further than considering family in its literal sense. Given that family is a central organizing structure for society, people and their health experiences are highly influenced by their relational experience of "family," regardless of the extent to which they are involved with any actual family.


In a woman arteriographically indicated spasm of the iliac, femoral and popliteal arteries did not respond to intra-arterial tolazoline. At operation groin pulsations were normal. Bilateral lumbar sympathectomy was performed. Subsequently it emerged that she had been using ergotamine. Surgery could have been avoided if nitroprusside had been given.


Word sense disambiguation is the process of automatically clarifying the meaning of a word in its context. It has drawn much interest in the last decade and much improved results are being obtained. In this paper we take the so-called Lesk approach. In our case, definitions of the senses of the words to be disambiguated, as well as of the ten surrounding nouns, adjectives and verbs, are derived and enriched using the WordNet lexical database. Two possible implications of this project could be that the results are dependent on the characteristics of a test document and on the characteristics of glosses, which needs to be further investigated. The average precision performed worse (0.45) than baseline precision (0.60) which was based on always selecting the most frequent sense. However, the presented approach has several limitations: a small sample, and a big number of fine senses in WordNet, many of which are not that distinguishable from each other. The future work would include experimenting with different variations of the approach.


Abstract A coupled transmission line analysis for non-linear MESFETs is presented. It includes the important non-linearities of MESFETs such as input capacitance (Cgs), transconductance (gm) and output drain conductance (Ggs). The non-linear differential equation for the drain and gate modes can be solved for a relatively weak coupling approximation using the weierstrassian elliptical function.


Practicing agricultural drainage strategies is necessary to manage excess water in poorly drained irrigated agricultural lands to protect them from induced waterlogging and salinity problems. This paper provides an overview of subsurface drainage strategies and the modeling of their performance using the DRAINMOD model. Given that the DRAINMOD model considers a fixed value of the surface depression capacity (SDC) for the whole simulation period, which does not suit many agricultural practices, the paper then assesses the model's performance under time-variable SDC. It was revealed that adopting a fixed value of SDC for the whole simulation period in the DRAINMOD model causes it to produce improper predictions of the water balance in farmlands characterized by time-variable SDC. Such a model drawback will also adversely impact its predictions of the nitrogen and phosphorus fate in farmlands, which represent major inputs when managing both the agricultural process and agricultural water quality. Researchers should pay attention when applying the DRAINMOD model to farmlands characterized by time-variable SDC. Moreover, it is recommended that the DRAINMOD input module be improved by considering changes in SDC during the simulation period to ensure better management of the agricultural process and agricultural water.


The purpose of this study was to determine the most appropriate prognostic endpoint for myocardial 123 I-metaiodoben- zylguanidine (MIBG) scintigraphy in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) based on aggregate results from multiple studies published in the past decade. Methods and results Original individual late (3-5 h) heart/mediastinum (H/M) ratio data of 636 CHF patients were retrieved from six studies from Europe and the USA. All-cause mortality, cardiac mortality, arrhythmic events, and heart transplantation were inves- tigated to determine which provided the strongest prognostic significance for the MIBG imaging data. The majority of patients was male (78%), had a decreased left ventricular ejection fraction (31.1+ 12.5%), and a mean late H/M of 1.67+ 0.47. During follow-up (mean 36.9+ 20.1 months), there were 83 deaths, 67 cardiac deaths, 33 arrhythmic events, and 56 heart transplants. In univariate regression analysis, late H/M was a significant predictor of all event categor- ies, but lowest hazard ratios (HRs) were for the composite endpoint of any event (HR ¼ 0.30, 95% CI 0.19-0.46), all- cause (HR ¼ 0.29, 95% CI 0.16-0.53), and cardiac mortality (HR ¼ 0.28, 95% CI 0.14-0.55). In multivariate analysis, late H/M was an independent predictor for all event categories, except for arrhythmias. Conclusions This pooled individual patient data meta-analysis showed that, in CHF patients, the late H/M ratio is not only useful as a dichotomous predictor of events (high vs. low risk), but also has prognostic implication over the full range of the outcome value for all event categories except arrhythmias.


The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic was caused by an infection with a new type of coronavirus, that is responsible for the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and unfortunately, continues to endanger global health. Although the clinical manifestations of COVID-19 predominate in the respiratory system, some patients may also have severe cardiovascular (CV) damage. Research conducted over the past several months have indicated that patients with cardiovascular diseases are at a higher risk of complications and mortality from SARS-CoV-2 (1). Recently, the main concern for all has been to identify a causal relationship between the use of RAAS (renin–angiotensin-aldosterone system) inhibitors (angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors -ACEIs, and angiotensin II receptor blockersARBs) in patients infected with COVID-19 and the course of this infection. It had also been speculated that these agents could increase the susceptibility to contracting COVID-19. Although much research has been done over the past two months, the use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) remains an open topic of major interest to clinicians treating COVID-19 in patients with cardiovascular disease. After a detailed analysis of the data, recent studies have revealed a theoretical benefit of ACEIs / ARBs in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2, but we opine that there is not yet strong enough evidence to support a correlation. What is well known so far is that the withdrawal of these drugs from the scheme of patients with chronic cardiovascular disease could be detrimental to the evolution and complications of this COVID-19 infection.


Abstract Until 1990 the western Baltic Sea spring herring has been extensively used as raw material for the processing industry of the former German Democratic Republic. Today North Sea herring and other Atlantic herring stocks are preferred and utilization of the Baltic Sea herring stock, which has been caught between January and May around the Island of Rügen and in the Greifswalder Bodden, has dropped down dramatically. The reduction in exploitation of this resource is connected to enhanced quality specification required by German herring processing companies after reunion of both states. In this study the quality of Baltic Sea spring herring from ICES subdivisions 22 and 24 was assessed and following conclusions were obtained: • Processing possibilities of Baltic Sea spring herring are limited due to low fat content (5-8%), a slight dry and short fiber texture and a less typical flavour and taste. • Off-flavour and taste (tainting) which has been often observed until mid nineties disappeared within the last years. • Infestation rates and abundance of nematodes (Anisakisspp.) are comparable to North Sea herring stocks. • Contamination levels of organic and inorganic pollutants are far below legal limits. Only gill net fishery and trap fishing are able to guarantee a continuous supply of desired size classes 2 and 3. Trial with pair trawl fishing did not show promising results. Due to reorganization and reduction of local fishery activities during the past ten years, an increase of the annual landing capacity of more than 10,000 t is questionable in future.


Warehouse receipt letter to be able to effectively control the quality of VMI in the operation of credit risk,but with practice,in-depth,warehouse receipts and quality and credit risk gradually emerged.Based on customer credit risk,the risk of warehouse receipts,bank and credit risks are closely linked, this paper proposed the establishment of warehouse receipts,quality supply chain letters enterprise credit rating system.Research shows that: the elements by constructing indicators,analysis rating index set,the average cumulative default rates credit rating and rating the results of statistical accuracy of the scientific and credit decisions can be achieved,fine development.


Single-crystal x-ray diffraction studies with synchrotron radiation on the honeycomb iridate $\alpha$-Li$_{2}$IrO$_{3}$ reveal a pressure-induced structural phase transition with symmetry lowering from monoclinic to triclinic at a critical pressure of $P_{c}$ = 3.8 GPa. According to the evolution of the lattice parameters with pressure, the transition mainly affects the $ab$ plane and thereby the Ir hexagon network, leading to the formation of Ir--Ir dimers. These observations are independently predicted and corroborated by our \textit{ab initio} density functional theory calculations where we find that the appearance of Ir--Ir dimers at finite pressure is a consequence of a subtle interplay between magnetism, correlation, spin-orbit coupling, and covalent bonding. Our results further suggest that at $P_{c}$ the system undergoes a magnetic collapse. Finally we provide a general picture of competing interactions for the honeycomb lattices $A_{2}$$M$O$_{3}$ with $A$= Li, Na and $M$ = Ir, Ru.


Gene therapy is very promising in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Electrotransfer is a recent method reported to enhance in vivo intramuscular DNA transfection. Interleukin‐10 (IL‐10) has antiinflammatory effects in RA and in collagen‐induced arthritis (CIA), a murine model of RA. In order to improve our strategy of gene therapy, we used electrotransfer to enhance penetration into skeletal muscle with CIA of plasmids encoding IL‐10.


Areas of intensive poultry production are prone to high phosphorus (P) losses due to excessive manure application. Historically, manure application rate has been calculated based on nitrogen (N) needs of the crops and N content of the manure with no attention to the quantity of phosphorus (P) loading. In many instances, a gradual buildup of P in soil has resulted from long-term manure application. Therefore, P input from animal manure via runoff is acknowledged as the primary factor for the eutrophication of surface water bodies. This study was conducted to evaluate (i), the impact of dietary P concentration on the broiler manure P content and the pre-analysis drying methods on the broiler manure nutrient composition with emphasis on phosphorus and (ii), to compare the use of Ion Chromatography and the Murphy–Riley method for the determination of inorganic phosphorus in the broiler manure water extract. Four drying methods were used to dry the fresh broiler manure as follows: air drying (AD), freeze drying (FD), oven drying at 65°C (OD65), and oven drying at 105°C (OD105). The results were compared with analysis of the fresh broiler manure with no drying (ND). The diet P concentration did not affect the broiler manure total N content. However, a significant decrease in total N occurred at all P levels due to drying when compared with fresh manure analysis. The diet P level had significant effect on total P and water-extractable P. Freeze drying followed by OD105 caused the most reduction in manure total P content. Drying also had a significant effect on the metal nutrient content of the broiler manure. However, the effect was inconsistent.


Objective Explore the effect of AEG-1and CXCR4 gene on brain metastasis in breast cancer.Methods 33 breast cancer patients with brain metastasis and 45 patients without brain metastasis in our hospital from 1997 to 2007 were chosen randomly for the case control study by immunohisto chemical method.Results the expression rate for AEG-1and CXCR4 in the two groups were 63.6%,60.6% and 31.1%,33.3% respectively,with a notebly difference be observed.the regression coefficient for AEG-1 and CXCR4 was 1.242 and 1.545.Conclusion AEG-1 and CXCR4 were independent risk factors and may be specific diagnosis index and gene treatment taget for brain metastasis in breast cancer.


Using immunocytochemical methods carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) has been detected in the embryonic mouse central nervous system as early as in stage E16. In the spinal cord and the brain stem, the enzyme first appeared in transitory cells probably derived from the radial glia. In the cerebrum such transitory cells were never stained with anti-CAII sera. The bodies of CAII-positive cells were never visualized in the ventricular layer. The controversial cellular specificity of CAII made it impossible to specify the glial lineage to which these transitory CAII-positive cells are committed.


This paper describes the Linear A/Minoan digital corpus and the approaches we applied to develop it. We aim to set up a suitable study resource for Linear A and Minoan. Firstly we start by introducing Linear A and Minoan in order to make it clear why we should develop a digital marked up corpus of the existing Linear A transcriptions. Secondly we list and describe some of the existing resources about Linear A: Linear A documents (seals, statuettes, vessels etc.), the traditional encoding systems (standard code numbers referring to distinct symbols), a Linear A font, and the newest (released on June 16th 2014) Unicode Standard Characters set for Linear A. Thirdly we explain our choice concerning the data format: why we decided to digitize the Linear A resources; why we decided to convert all the transcriptions in standard Unicode characters; why we decided to use an XML format; why we decided to implement the TEI-EpiDoc DTD. Lastly we describe: the developing process (from the data collection to the issues we faced and the solving strategies); a new font we developed (synchronized with the Unicode Characters Set) in order to make the data readable even on systems that are not updated. Finally, we discuss the corpus we developed in a Cultural Heritage preservation perspective and suggest some future works.


To develop and cross‐validate predictive models for percentage body fat (%BF) from anthropometric measurements [including BMI z‐score (zBMI) and calf circumference (CC)] excluding skinfold thickness.


MCL-1 gene is a antiapoptotic gene belong to BCL-2 gene family, its product MCL-1 protein plays an important role in cell apoptosis regulating and the course of hematologic malignancies. This paper reviews advance of studies on the function of MCL-1 gene and MCL-1 protein, the role of MCL-1 protein in hematologic malignancies and the relationship between MCL-1 protein and other apoptosis adjustment factors.

Key words:
Leukemia, myeloid;  Apoptosis;  Genes;  Research


The T2K experiment is a long baseline neutrino oscillation experiment. The main goals of the experiment are a measurement of the neutrino mixing angle θ13 by the observation of electron neutrino appearance and a precise measurement of θ23 and mass difference by the observation of muon neutrino disappearance. Construction of the neutrino beamline has recently been completed; production of the first neutrino beam was confirmed by observing muons produced by the proton beam. In this paper, the T2K physics goals and the status of preparations toward the start of the experiment in fall 2009 are reported.


Machining of sculptured surfaces engender abrupt variations in cutting forces, excessive tool deflections and undesirable vibrations and therefore poor surface finish. To reduce these problems and to have a stable machining it is more indispensable to select the appropriate cutting conditions. The aim of this paper is to propose an approach for determining the optimum feedrates along tool path during finishing of sculptured surfaces with ball end tools on 03-axis CNC milling machines using a predictive mechanistic model of cutting forces. Its steps are :1) approximation of the workpiece geometric model by dexels, 2) localization of the contact zones between tools and workpiece using machining simulation, 3) prediction of the cutting forces, 4) optimization of the feedrates and 5) updating of the machining program « G-Code ».


Small bowel carcinomas are usually in advanced, terminal stages when they are diagnosed. It's clinical rarity and multiple possible clinical presentations, makes diagnosis and management challenging. In this case report, we discuss about an elderly female who presents with intestinal obstruction due to a tumor in the ileum, which later proved to be a moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma of the small intestine.


Adults' acquisition of non‐native phonetic categories occurs within the context of an individual's existing phonology. The present work examines (1) the process of acquiring a new phonetic category, (2) the impact of the new phonetic category on nearby, previously existing categories, and (3) transfer of learning to novel contexts. Monolingual American English speakers were required to learn the Hindi voiced, unaspirated, dental stop consonant. First, listeners were asked to identify and judge the goodness of stimuli on two synthetic continua spanning a range from Hindi dental to American English alveolar stop consonants. One continuum was voiced, the other voiceless. In addition, listeners judged the similarities between all possible pairs of stimuli on each continuum. After this perceptual mapping procedure, subjects participated in a two‐alternative, forced‐choice training program using only voiced stimuli. Progress was monitored throughout training. Following training, the mapping procedure was repeat...


Power Quality is an occurrence manifested as many type of disturbance in voltage current or frequency, sensitive industrial loads that results in failure of end user equipment. So this paper represents the techniques for improve in sag and swell using device like DVR. The Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) is a series compensator which can compensate for power quality problems such as voltage harmonics, voltage unbalance, voltage flickers, voltage sags, and voltage swells. Among all these power quality problems, two are identified as the major concern to the customers namely voltage sag and swell. A control technique based on a proportional integral (PI) controller is implemented. In fact with the aid of Pulse width modulation (PWM) inverter capable of generating accurate high quality voltage waveforms from the power electronic device. Simulation result shown by MATLAB/Simulink. Key word: -power quality; voltage sag/swell; pulse width modulation; DVR; voltage source converter


We present results of X-ray spectral and time-domain variability analyses of 4 faint, 'quiescent' blazars from the Swift-BAT 105-month catalog. We use observations from a recent, 5-month long NICER campaign, as well as archival BAT data. Variations in the 0.3-2 keV flux are detected on minute, ∼weekly, and monthly timescales, but we find that the fractional variability Fvar on these timescales is <25 per cent and decreases on longer timescales, implying generally low-amplitude variability across all sources and showing very low variability on monthly timescales ($F_{\rm var}\lesssim 13{{\%}}$), which is at odds with previous studies that show that blazars are highly variable in the X-rays on a wide range of timescales. Moreover, we find that the flux variability on very short timescales appears to be characterized by long periods of relative quiescence accompanied by occasional short bursts, against the relatively time-stationary nature of the variability of most other AGN light curves. Our analysis also shows that the broadband X-ray spectra (0.3-195 keV) of our sources can be described with different power law models. As is the case with most blazars, we find that 2 sources (2MASS J09343014-1721215 and PKS 0312-770) are well-modeled with a simple power law, while the remaining two (1RXS J225146.9-320614 and PKS 2126-15) exhibit curvature in the form of a log-parabolic power law. We also find that, in addition to the continuum, PKS 2126-15 requires significant absorption at the soft X-rays (≲1 keV) to fully describe the observed curvature, possibly due to absorption from the intergalactic medium.


In this paper we examined the performance of the mean square error of the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) estimator, Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) estimator, N/N shrinkage Estimator (N/NSE) and a proposed Adjusted Minimum Mean Square Error (PAMMSE) estimator in a multiple imputation analysis when data points are missing in different data sets. The program for the proposed adjusted minimum mean square error was written and implemented in R. It is shown by numerical computations that the PAMMSE Estimator seem to be the best choice among OLS, MMSE, N/NSE and PAMMSE estimators in terms of their mean square errors when applied in multiple imputation analysis.


Higher-order data with high dimensionality is of immense importance in many areas of machine learning, computer vision, and video analytics. Multidimensional arrays (commonly referred to as tensors) are used for arranging higher-order data structures while keeping the natural representation of the data samples. In the past decade, great efforts have been made to extend the classic linear discriminant analysis for higher-order data classification generally referred to as multilinear discriminant analysis (MDA). Most of the existing approaches are based on the Tucker decomposition and $\textit{n}$-mode tensor-matrix products. The current paper presents a new approach to tensor-based multilinear discriminant analysis referred to as High-Order Multilinear Discriminant Analysis (HOMLDA). This approach is based upon the tensor decomposition where an order-$\textit{n}$ tensor can be written as a product of order-$\textit{n}$ tensors and has a natural extension to traditional linear discriminant analysis (LDA). Furthermore, the resulting framework, HOMLDA, might produce a within-class scatter tensor that is close to singular. Thus, computing the inverse inaccurately may distort the discriminant analysis. To address this problem, an improved method referred to as Robust High-Order Multilinear Discriminant Analysis (RHOMLDA) is introduced. Experimental results on multiple data sets illustrate that our proposed approach provides improved classification performance with respect to the current Tucker decomposition-based supervised learning methods.


We initiate the study of local, sublinear time algorithms for finding vertices with extreme topological properties — such as high degree or clustering coefficient — in large social or other networks. We introduce a new model, called the Jump and Crawl model, in which algorithms are permitted only two graph operations. The Jump operation returns a randomly chosen vertex, and is meant to model the ability to discover "new" vertices via keyword search in the Web, shared hobbies or interests in social networks such as Facebook, and other mechanisms that may return vertices that are distant from all those currently known. The Crawl operation permits an algorithm to explore the neighbors of any currently known vertex, and has clear analogous in many modern networks. We give both upper and lower bounds in the Jump and Crawl model for the problems of finding vertices of high degree and high clustering coefficient. We consider both arbitrary graphs, and specializations in which some common assumptions are made on the global topology (such as power law degree distributions or generation via preferential attachment). We also examine local algorithms for some related vertex or graph properties, and discuss areas for future investigation.


Genomewide studies of genetic association may prove less useful for individual risk estimation than for discovering and characterizing pathogenetic molecular pathways (Hirschhorn, 2009). In the latter task, they complement the traditional tools of bioinformatics and experimental biology. They contribute the empirical muscle that only the epidemiological observation of the disease process in humans may provide. This chapter illustrates this with the aid of a study of the types of ion channel dysfunction that may cause multiple sclerosis (MS). From a methodological point of view, this chapter complements Chapter 14 in this volume by tackling a form of interaction where the value of a causal factor determines a change of direction in the effect of another factor (Azzalini and Cox, 1984). This form of interaction, known as qualitative, is interpretable in terms of mechanism. We propose a method for testing for qualitative interaction between genetic effects, in the context of the analysis of family structured genetic data. We illustrate the method with the aid of the above mentioned study.


Despite the availability in the literature of several constraint-based motion generation algorithms, modest attention has been paid to their robustness with respect to noise, and more in general, to unstructured uncertainties. Especially in the case of sensor-related constraints, the envisaged robustness properties are clearly crucial to enforce the correct and expected behaviour of these algorithms. This paper contributes with a method to explicitly account for different sources of uncertainty. We also suggest a computational efficient way to consistently modify the constraint specification in order to obtain such robustness. An experimental verification on a visual aided grasping task, where visibility of the object is to be maintained, enlightens the benefits of the proposed approach in terms of achieving the desired robustness.


FFVP claim‐for‐reimbursement forms were collected monthly and examined to determine program days, costs, frequency and variety of fruit and vegetable offerings in 20 Indiana elementary schools from 09/2007–05/2008. Data were analyzed using ANOVA one‐way repeated measures to examine consistency of program days over time. Paired‐T tests were used to compare the expenses and variety of fruits and vegetables. Descriptive analysis was used to report the frequency of most commonly served fruits and vegetables. Schools purchased more than twice as many varieties of fruits than vegetables (8.6±2.4 vs. 4.1±1.5 types/month, P<0.01), with a wide range between schools over 9 months (fruit variety, 5.2±1.8 to 13.7±2.8; vegetable variety, 2.3±2.3 to 8.7±2.4). Schools spent 4 times more for fruits than vegetables ($1856.6±956.9 vs. $452.1±238.7/month, P<0.01). Apples, bananas, oranges, grapes, pears, and carrots, celery, tomato, cauliflower and broccoli were the 5 most frequently served fruits and vegetables, respectively. Program days ranged from 10.8±3.4 to 16.3±4.8 days/school/month, with a mean of 14±4.5. Though mean program days was different over 9 months (P<0.01, ω2=0.29), it may be explained by fewer school days in December and March due to holidays. These data show that program offerings were similar over time though fruit expenses, frequency and variety were greater than vegetables.


The doubly-fed induction generator DFIG, when controlled with the stator flux oriented method with impressed rotor currents, is characterized by oscillations on the flux and torque and an unstable region. This region occurs when direct rotor current is bigger than a critical value. Several techniques can be used for the damping and stabilization of this system. Some methods are based in additional inner closed loops for damping and stabilization. This paper presents a comparison of two methods for damping and stabilization of the DFIG. Both are based in additional inner current loops. The first method, in function of the stator flux amplitude, corrects the direct current reference adding a term proportional to the stator flux error. The second method, in function of an internal angle, acts on the quadrature impressed rotor current reference. The stability criteria for both methods are analysed and compared. It is shown that, in per unit values, the two methods are equivalent leading to equal damping for equal damping constants. Both can be used at the same time as a vector damping method.


Supramolecular helices that arise from the self-assembly of small organic molecules via non-covalent interactions play an important role in the structure and properties of the corresponding materials. Here we study the supramolecular helical aggregation of oligo(phenyleneethynylene) monomers from a theoretical point of view, always guiding the studies with experimentally available data. In this way, by systematically increasing the number of monomer units, optimized n-mer geometries are obtained along with the corresponding absorption and circular dichroism spectra. For the geometry optimizations we use density functional theory together with the B3LYP-D3 functional and the 6–31G** basis set. For obtaining the spectra we resort to time-dependent density functional theory using the CAM-B3LYP functional and the 3–21G basis set. These combinations of density functional and basis set were selected after systematic convergence studies. The theoretical results are analyzed and compared to the experimentally available spectra, observing a good agreement.


A curved glass plate (1) with a light shielding film for vehicle comprising a glass plate, and a light shielding film formed at least partially at the circumferential edge portion, i.e. a film forming portion (11), on one surface of the glass plate. The light shielding film is formed of a stripe film (12) arranged on the outerside at the circumferential edge portion, and a dot-like pattern film (13) consisting of a plurality of dots (14) arranged on the innerside of the stripe film (12). The plurality of dots (14) are arranged such that the distribution of dot shielding rate (value at the top of a peak in the distribution of dot width shielding rate or the dot diameter shielding rate) decreases from the stripe film side toward the glass surface side where the stripe film is not formed (non-film forming portion (15)). The range having dot shielding rate of 50% or more extends 4 mm or more from the edge of the stripe film.


Reversible controllability of the third‐order nonlinear optical activity has been demonstrated on a one‐dimensional metal complex. Iodine penetration to a film sample causes disappearance of the d‐p transition absorption band of the metal complex and remarkable decline of two‐odd orders in the third‐order nonlinear susceptibility. The deactivated optical nonlinearity was completely restored by removing iodine from the film with heating. The observed alterations in optical nonlinearities are mainly caused by the fluctuation of metal‐metal interaction in the linear metal chain.


Objectives  We have studied the role of lymphoproliferative tumors in the pathogenesis of autoimmune and the origin of the autoantibodies in PNP. Objectives of this study is to understand the characteristics of immunoglobulin genes of the B‐cells isolated from the tumor which can produce auto‐antibody.


. The effect of fluoxetine on memory processes is studied by using the model of the conditioned reflex of passive avoidance (CRPA) in male Wistar rats with a different phenotype of the nervous system and a different ratio of the activity of monoaminergic (MA) systems of the brain. High rates of saving of CRPA against the background of administration of a psychopharmacological preparation are found in convulsively-tolerant rats, expressed in an increase in © Исмайлова Х.Ю., Гашимова У.Ф., Мяджиди М.Б., 2017.


Constructing urban public housing built adjacent railway site has the noise and vibration problem coming from operation of trains. Thus, anti-vibration plans utilizing anti-vibration pads must be established to minimize the impact of train noise and vibration from the tunnels on the residents of the public housing. Under various difficulties and expectation from the citizens, many efforts were taken to satisfy the amenity requirements on noise and vibration for the residential area. As a results, it can be recognized that amenity standards can be satisfied. But great caution is required to prepare ourselves for various situations that might occur during construction, especially considering that the relevant railroads are still under operation.


The reaction of excess dimethyl sulfoxide with ethyl bromoacetate has been shown to produce ethyl glyoxylate, hydrogen bromide, and dimethyl sulfide. The yield of glyoxylate at first was reduced because the dimethyl sulfide reacted with bromoacetate to form trimethylsulfonium bromide and ethyl (methylmercapto) acetate, presumably via carbethoxymethyldimethylsulfonium bromide. These side reactions were diminished in a thin-film reactor, but the result was not satisfiable, the yield was 51%, and the side reactions were prevented by addition of methyl bromide, which rapidly consumed the dimethyl sulfide with formation of trimethylsulfonium bromide. Addition of 1, 2-epoxy-3-phenoxypropane removed the hydrogen bromide, thereby preventing the deleterious effects casued by its reduction of dimethyl sulfoxide to dimethyl sulfide. In this way has been developed a convenient preparation of ethyl glyoxylate in yields averaging about 70%. Identification and stoichiometry of the reaction products are presented.


This paper introduced the purposes of developing a high function electrical teaching practice device, described its design idea and overall structure, explained the practice contents about the electric control of three phase induction motor and the related functions of computer management.


The most recent developments in West Indies cricket continue to illustrate in the clearest terms the opinion that the age of globalization is revealing the incoherence and contradictions of traditional forms of nationalist thinking in the West Indies. Neocolonialism imposed a proliferation of artificial political sub-units upon the Caribbean world, promoted them as viable nationalisms, and sought to stabilize them constitutionally as unitary states during the 1960s and 1970s.


The conventional water detection technology in horizontal wells is only suitable for water testing of high production horizontal well.According to the features of low liquid production capacity in horizontal wells of Changqing Oilfield,a mechanical segmentation water testing technology suited for small flow horizontal well has been formed,which sealed each horizontal layer by the packer and intelligent switch timing controller.At the same time,some matching technologies were studied to realize the water testing of small flow horizontal well,such as the leather cup packer centralizer optimization technology,fouling prevention technology of testing string,salvage and release techniques of Y441/Y445 packer etc.These techniques have been applied successfully in 13 horizontal wells,the productivity condition of each layer was accurately grasp and the water outlet position was found.The research provided effective technical means for the water testing of small flow horizontal wells,and laid the foundation for water plugging technology of horizontal well later.


A pseudologarithmic rectifier using multi-input floating-gate MOS (MFMOS) transistors is presented in this paper. The rectifiers consist of unbalanced bias matched MFMOS transistor differential pairs. The transfer characteristics of each subrectifier are determined by an appropriate choice of transistor aspect ratio and capacitive input coupling ratio such that in the summation of the output currents from each rectifier stage, the overall transfer characteristics closely approximates that of a true logarithmic behavior. It is operable at low supply voltage (/spl plusmn/0.9 V) and has low temperature dependence. Measured dynamic range of 27 dB and 16.5 dB, with a corresponding logarithmic error of /spl plusmn/0.7 dB and /spl plusmn/0.35 dB, has been obtained for three-stage and two-stage pseudologarithmic rectifiers, respectively, at room temperature. The measured logarithmic error for the three-stage pseudologarithmic rectifier at 125/spl deg/C is /spl plusmn/1.05 dB which is an increase of /spl plusmn/0.35 dB over a 100/spl deg/C range.


In this paper, an experimental research on rheology of condensate oil/tetrahydrofuran hydrate slurry was carried out. The aim of this experiment was to determine the effect of original water fraction, shear rate, the viscosity of oil-water emulsion and concentration of tetrahydrofuran on the rheological behaviors of condensate oil/tetrahydrofuran hydrate slurry.


The Small Enterprise Information and Research Centre Network (SENET), was launched in April 1997. SENET has been awarded the golden icon national award 2005 for "Best Documented Knowledge Resource" under professional category by the Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances (DARPG), Government of India. In August 1984, the Government of India passed an Act converting the Industrial Reconstruction Corporation of India (IRCI). It is Industrial Reconstruction Bank of India (IRBI) the IRBI was established in March 1985 to take over the IRCI. The IRBI was to function as the principal all India credit and reconstruction agency for industrial revival, assisting and promoting industrial development and rehabilitating industrial concerns. The Tamil Nadu Investment Corporation Limited is an apex state level financial institution primarily intended for assisting the small and medium scale industrial units. Until the 1970's conventional Development Finance Corporations were considered as a main vehicle for channeling loan funds to small industries. The Bank under study may have specialized branches in each district to the loan requirements of the small-scale industries. Adequate delegation of power at the branch level may be given so as to avoid several layers of hierarchy in granting loans to SSI units.


The selection of positions for unified power flow controller (UPFC) placement in transmission network is an essential factor, which aids in operating the system in a more reliable and secured manner. This paper focuses on strengthening the power system performance through UPFC placement employing self-adaptive firefly algorithm (SAFA), which selects the best positions along with parameters for UPFC placement. Three single objectives of real power loss reduction, voltage profile improvement, and voltage stability enhancement are considered in this work. IEEE 14, 30, and 57 test systems are selected to accomplish the simulations and to reveal the efficacy of the proposed SAFA approach; besides, solutions are compared with two other algorithms solutions of honey bee algorithm (HBA) and bacterial foraging algorithm (BFA). The proposed SAFA contributes real power loss reduction, voltage profile improvement, and voltage stability enhancement by optimally choosing the placement for UPFC.


Recent vast reinvestigations on GeTe, a promising thermoelectric material at medium temperature, have triggered enormous enthusiasm in the thermoelectric community again. Intrinsically, GeTe, as a p-type semiconductor, possesses plenty of Ge vacancies, resulting in extremely high carrier concentration. Meanwhile, because of the vast off-stoichiometric Ge, both concomitant Ge precipitates and Ge vacancies will influence the electrical and thermal transport properties caused by phonons and carriers scattering. Herein, we report one effective way to optimize the thermoelectric performance of GeTe through manipulating Ge vacancies and Ge precipitates via successive continuous steps. First, the optimization of carrier concentration through Bi counter-doping led to an optimum carrier concentration of ∼2.79 × 1020 cm–3. Second, the Ge phase aggregation was successfully suppressed by heat treatment, which enhanced the electrical properties due to improved carrier mobility. Additionally, the Ge precipitates were u...


The activity and toxlcity of rMuTNF, alone or combined with rat recombinant interferon gamma (rRIFNγ), was tested in inbred WAG rats bearing a weakly immunogenic colon adeno carcinoma (CC531). The tumor was implanted s.c. or under the renal capsule. A single i.v. injection of 10μg of rMuTNF in non‐tumor bearers was lethal in 3 to 5 hr, whereas 2μg was nat. Doses of 1μg rMuTNF were well tolerated when given daily for one week. The most prominent toxic feature was hemorrhagic colitis which could be alleviated when rMuTNF was preceded by i.p. administration of 10mg/kg indomethacin. Three intralesional injections of 10μg rMuTNF on days 0, 10 and 15 into s.c. tumors (diameter 1–1.5cm) led to a moderate retardation of growth in 20% of the cases. Combined with 105 units of rRIFNμ, which on its own had no effect, the overall response rate (arrest of tumor growth or regression) was 50%. Two out of 20 tumors treated intralesionally with rMuTNF and rRlFNγ regressed. The subrenal capsule assay was used to study the possible interference of indomethacin with the anti‐tumor activity of rMuTNF. Tumor cubes of 6–8mg were implanted under the renal capsule; the test was evaluated by weighing. Treatment with 10mg indomethacin alone on days 0, 2 and 4 had no effect (40 ± 8 mg vs. 48 ± 13 mg in controls) whereas 2μg of rMuTNF on the same days resulted in significant tumor inhibition (24 ± 7 mg, p < 0.001). The combined administration of 2μg of rMuTNF and indomethacin had an effect similar to that of rMuTNF alone (25 ± 9 mg). Under protection of indomethacin the rMuTNF dose was increased from 2μg to 10μg. However, this did not lead to further improvement of the results.


Use this classroom-ready lesson plan to learn how Spain operated a treasure fleet system for more than two hundred years that transported precious metals and other items from the Americas to Europe.


Objective To study the association between VDR gene polymorphism and blood lead(PbB) and serum calcium levels in the occupationally lead-exposed workers.Methods 112 blood samples of occupationally lead-exposed workers were selected from a puddling factory in the suburb of Chengdu.An assay based on the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP) technique of restriction enzyme Bsm Ⅰ was used to detect at the same time.Results The genotype distribution in these occupationally exposed workers was 99 VDR-bb homozygotes(88.4%),10VDR Bb heterozygotes(8.9%),3VDR-BB homozygotes(2.7%).The distribution of genotype was coincided with Hardy-Weinberg balance(P=1.0).The levels of PbB of VDR-Bb heterozygotes and VDR-BB homozygotes were higher than VDR-bb homozygotes,but the level of serum calcium of the former was lower than the later.The correlation coefficient of PbB and secrum calcium of VDR Bb heterozygotes and VDR-BB(r=0.4510,P=0.122) homozygotes were higher than VDR-bb(r=0.286,P=0.004) homozygotes.Conclusion The polymorphism of VDR gene is associated with blood lead and serum calcium.


In recent years, space agencies across the globe have been actively looking into ultra-compact instruments to fly on small satellite platforms to have multiple flight missions with innovative way of getting science data. The idea is to use CubeSats – which are shoe-box size satellites – and SmallSats as useable platforms to supplement main missions as well as using them for standalone scientific missions. The size of the CubeSats are referred in the unit of `U', where one `U' is a cube with 10 cm x 10 cm x 10 cm. A small 6U CubeSat will have approximately 2U space available for low-power, low-mass, yet highly capable scientific payload (the rest of the space is used for solar cells for power generation, star tracker for guidance, attitude control, and other electronics). These CubeSat/SmallSats based flights enable advancing proof of concept instruments to higher technology readiness level (TRL) by flying them in relevant environment and allow to have multiple targeted flights with scientific data returns.Developing ultra-compact scientific payloads for these novel platforms poses a host of challenges. First, the instrument needs to be highly compact due to the lack of available space. Second, it has to be ultra-low power due to the severe restrictions on DC power availability. And finally, one has to be innovative in the design of antennas as traditional high gain reflector antennas (for scientific payload as well as for data communication) are not practical. Design and development of large aperture deployable antennas and other innovative structures are gaining a lot of attention in this regard.We have been developing high resolution spectrometers, radiometers, and radars at millimeter-wave and terahertz frequencies on CubeSat and SmallSat platforms for astrophysics, planetary science, and Earth science applications. We are also developing millimeter-wave communications systems on CubeSat platform to provide communication link during entry-descent-landing (EDL) phase of Mars and other planetary missions. In this presentation, we will present an overview of the state of the instrumentation development for CubeSat platforms and the design and implementation challenges. Innovative packaging solutions, novel antenna technology, and low-power backend solutions will also be presented. We will show that CubeSats and SmallSats will play a key role in future scientific missions to space and also they will find increasing applications in commercial communication and other endeavors.The research described herein was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA, under contract with National Aeronautics and Space Administration.


(57) Abstract: The client / server system for online services allow the present invention includes a client device to access the server device to allow operation on information stored on the server apparatus forming the online service. Request for permission to operations performed on the information on the server apparatus to allow an online service is translated into at least one message on the client device, which is transferred to the server device. Server receives at least one message from the client device, to implement a permitted operation identified in at least one message has been received to allow online service. Information on this server device, such as a browser, are made to be accessible by the client device to other client systems that are used to access the information without changing the information. In general, when a client device receives a response message from the server device, the client device using the response message, displays the information about the execution of permitted operation by the server. The client and server can communicate with each other using the HTTP protocol through the TCP / IP connection. These devices have different file namespace requests that run maintains a mapping between the ID used on ID and the server used by the client to the server. The server has a server program for processing the HTTP message, a server extension program for processing a permission operation. The server extension program is invoked through a common gateway interface. Permitted operation to be performed, the information and services, such as documents and scripts on the server, storing the meta information about the document and scripts can comprise a created or modified. The operation to perform list processing services and documents is also possible.


This paper describes a technique for filtering optically measured in-line defect densities (DD/sub meas/) in order to arrive at defect densities (DD/sub real/) which can be combined with critical areas to predict single layer random defect limited yield. The technique involves correlating in-line defects with bitmap failures to establish the relationship between the optically measured defect density and the defect density required for critical area based yield modeling. That relationship, once established, applies to logic devices as well as memories. This procedure can predict single layer random defect limited yields on a real-time basis as lots are inspected.


The More Furnaces mod is such a superb mod that brings up some interesting things that Minecraft has always in need of and those things are good furnaces. Obviously, the in-game furnaces are pretty boring when it comes to actual functionality. Yielding...


The possibility and the rate of reduction of regenerated iron oxide from scale related to the Flash ironmaking (FIM) technology have been studied. There are promising environmental benefits for red ...


Jason Elliott is the Senior Service Hydrologist at the National Weather Service Baltimore/Washington Forecast Office. In this role, Jason serves as the hydrology and flooding expert for a service area which includes 22 counties and 10 independent cities in northern Virginia, as well as the District of Columbia, much of Maryland, and the eastern West Virginia panhandle. Jason has held this position since November 2010. Previously, Jason was a meteorologist at National Weather Service offices in Huntsville, Alabama; Memphis, Tennessee; and Mobile, Alabama. Jason holds a Bachelor of Science in Geography and Meteorology from the University of South Alabama, and a Master of Education in Human Resource Education and Distance Learning from the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign.


The reasons view holds that morally worthy actions are right actions motivated by the reasons that make them right. Opponents object that such actions are only accidentally right, and it is widely held that morally worthy actions cannot be accidentally right. My aim here is to defend the reasons view from this objection by considering conditional reasons. Once these reasons are in view, actions motivated by the reasons that make them right will no longer appear accidentally right.
 Keywords: Moral worth; Moral reasons; Conditional reasons


Introduction Previous studies have found long lasting cognitive delays among children with early childcare experience, especially institutionalised experience. However, little is known about institutions' effect in late childhood. Objectives Our goal is to identify the characteristics of cognitive functions in connection to attachment related anxiety among adopted children and children living in institutional care. Methods The participants' (N=68, Mage=14.20, 29 boys and 39 girls) cognitive functions were measured with the following tests: Rey15 Memory Task, Knock And Tap Task, Simon Says Test, Verbal Fluency Task, D-KEFS 20 Questions Test. Participants completed two questionnaires: the Family Affluence Scale and the Experiences In Close Relationships Revised Scale. The results from the adopted children (N=19) and children living in institutional care (N=18) were compared to the matched control group: children living with their biological parents (N=31). Results Children living in institutional care did not differ significantly from their (SES-based) matched controls. Children adopted after the age of 2 years (N=7, M =56,57month) and the low SES control group (N=14) differed from the high SES control group on tests of attention (Verbal Fluency Task, Mhigh.c.=212.50, Mad.aft.2=193.50, U=59.50, z=-2.62, p=0.009) and verbal memory (Rey15, Mhigh.c.=17.94, Mad.aft.2=9.18, U=35.00, z=-2.79, p=0.005). Children adopted before the age of 2 years differed from the high SES control as well, in inhibition (Simon Says Test, Mhigh.c.=12.26, Mad.bef.2=18.88, U=55.55, z =-2.23, p=0.026). Conclusions Our findings suggest that only in the early years is child protection experience associated with long-lasting cognitive delays and attachment related anxiety. Disclosure No significant relationships.


Objective: In the present work, protease was produced from Bacillus subtilis under solid-state fermentation (SSF). The effect of lyophilization with different additives on the activity of protease in an organic solvent and kineteci properties was investigated.
Methods: Production conditions of protease (fermentation time, moisture level, initial pH, temperature) were optimized. After production, it was partially purified and then, lyophilized with different additives from an aqueous buffer solution containing 98% (w/w) of different additives (pumice, KCl, without additive) for 72 h after freezing in liquid nitrogen. After that, the effect of organic solvents (2.5% and 5% of DCM, ethanol, hexane, toluene) on these lyophilized protease preparations was determined and their kinetic properties were determined.
Results: Optimum protease production was obtained with 40% of moisture level, at pH 7.5, 37 °C after 24 h fermentation. It was partially purified by using ammonium sulphate precipitation (20-80%) with 5.8-fold and specific activity of 38 U/mg and then dialysed with 6.4-fold and a specific activity of 35 U/mg. Co-lyophilization of protease with pumice and KCl was increased activity of an enzyme in aqueous organic solvents when compared lyophilized protease without additive. Used solvents, except DCM, were increased activity of lyophilized protease with pumice/KCl. It was found that the lyophilization with pumice and KCl resulted in an increasing in the catalytic efficiency, while it was decreased in Km and Vmax values.
Conclusion: The obtained findings demonstrated that protease from B. subtilis can effectively be produced under SSF by using wheat bran and used in industrial applications because of showing improved activity in an organic solvent by co-lyophilization with pumice/KCl.


According to an aspect of the invention, an audio signal synthesizer generates a synthesis audio signal having a second synthesized frequency band derived from the first frequency band and the first frequency band. The audio signal synthesizer comprises a patch generator, a spectral converter, a raw signal processor and a combiner. Patch generator performs at least two different patching algorithms, each patching algorithm generates a raw signal having signal components in the second synthesized frequency band using an audio signal having signal components in the first frequency band. Patch generator comprises a response to the control information for a first time portion of the at least two different patching algorithms in one and wherein the said response to the control information for a first time portion and another second time portion of the at least two different patching algorithms in selecting a different one of the adjustment is to obtain the raw signal for the first and the second time portion. Spectral converter converts the raw signal into a raw signal spectral representation. Raw signal processor to obtain a raw signal spectral representation adjustment processes the raw signal spectral representation in response to spectral domain minutes broadband replication parameters. Combiner obtains composite audio signal in combination with a further signal derived from the first band with the audio signal or a spectral representation of the raw signal and the adjustment of a signal derived from the audio signal, the signal component on or the adjusted raw signal spectral representation do.


Strategic management is the key to success of an enterprise. The adoption and work out of the strategy concern directly with the development of the enterprise. In strategic management of family enterprises there exist 10 major problems of obscure business field, of substituting aim for strategy, and of concealing contradiction by means of speed, etc. To blaze a new trail in strategy, family enterprises should achieve 3 shifts of their strategic focal point(from suiting to their external environment to paying close attention to their internal capability), of their strategic aim(from pursuing a short term profit to seeking for the long term advantage), and of their strategic scope(from the strategy of a single enterprise to strategic alliance).


Olympic Games are an unique, incomparable event concentrating the all world attention in one place and keeping the highlights for many successive days. Beside de sporting competition side, Olympics aggregate also a ceremonial, a festive and an entertainment component. The ritual space is clearly defined by substantial enclosures, lights, and security personnel, creating the context for inducing in the collective consciousness the exaltation and the feeling of being part of an exceptional moment. In the opening ceremony, the Olympic symbols including the flag, the circles, the anthems, the oaths and the Olympic flame, are presented in solemn moments recalling ancient religious rituals from the time when the games in Olympia were dedicated to the Greek gods. The ceremonial containing the Olympic symbols invests the event with dignity and solemnity. The opening and closing ceremonies include cultural performances and bring out the spirit of the hosting nation through its most valuable historical, cultural, and scientific symbols and personalities in a profane festive atmosphere.


To provide seed cells for breeding genetically modified beef cattle and to enrich multi-differentiation potential of the bovine BMSC,immunofluorescence staining and molecular biology technology were used to explore the possibility of BMSC differentiating into mammary gland-like epithelial cells in vitro in the presence of the epidermal growth factor(EGF),insulin,prolactin,progesterone and so on.Purified and stable P4,P8 and P12 generation bovine BMSC were utilized to induce in vitro in medium with different cytokines and different concentrations.We used immunofluorescence and RT-PCR to observate and identify the cells after inducing.The results suggested that some BMSC changed from Spindle-like cells into polygon-like cells after induction;meanwhile they were clearly showed fluorescence by cytokeratin 18 staining.The bovine P4 generation BMSC remarkably differentiated under the action of induction medium Ⅱ.RT-PCR results demonstrated that cells after induction clearly expressed cytokeratin 19 gene,β-casein gene and αs1-casein gene.Consequently,BMSC can differentiate into mammary gland-like epithelial cells by using multi-factor to induce in vitro and the induction medium Ⅱshow good effects.


Cerebellopontine angle (CPA) lipoma is an extremely rare lesion representing only 0.1% of all the CPA tumors. We present a case of a 56‐year‐old woman with a 6‐month history of vertigo. Cerebral MRI showed a left CPA lipoma. The patient was managed conservatively.


Androsace artvinensis (Primulaceae) from Artvin province (northeastern Anatolia) has been described as a new species to science. The new species is morphologically similar to A. armeniaca var. macrantha but differs from it by several morphological characters, such as bracts shape, calyx (calyx length and lobes), corolla (corolla length, lobes, and indumentum), hairs, leaves, pollen features, and habitat preference.  Diagnostic morphological characteristics, a full description, and a distribution map are provided.


The origin and function of the blockhouse has long been studied,and there mainly exist two schools of arguments.One dominant school argues that it is war that leads to the building of blockhouses because they are military fortification for defensive firing or observation,while the other school tries to combine religious belief and ancient functionalism with the explanation of defense by arguing it is the combination of war and religion that produces the aesthetic meaning of blockhouse.This article attempts to develop the idea that was almost hidden in history.It holds that the origin of blockhouses is not war,neither is it the need for protection or aesthetics,but is out of the cultural symbolic system among the local ethnic groups of people,the result of which represents the interaction of their world view and the concrete historical locations.The blockhouse is a means of the local people to imagine the world.


High-tech,environmental protection,automatically washable,new-type membrane were used to build the roof of Macau Stadium. It is a new construction material in our country.The text introduced peculiarity of construction management about membrane structure in Macau Stadium .


In this study, an improved method based on UNet architecture was applied for retinal vessel segmentation and the results were compared with other methods. In the preprocessing phase of the applied method, color fundus images were converted to LAB space and CLAHE (Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization) was applied to the L channel of the image, then the channels were converted back to RGB space and the Gaussian and median filtering processes were used to reduce the noise. In the developed U-Net architecture, feature maps that were obtained by up-sampling (un-pooling) and maximum pooling operations were concentrated on the jump connections of the architecture. The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, dice and jaccard percentage values were 97.87, 84.11, 99.39, 88.70, 79.69, respectively that were obtained from the method. The results show that the method performs an efficient segmentation according to the literature we know.


The appearance of radioactivity in plasma, following an oral dose of Co60 cyanocobalamin, reached maximum values after 7 hours. The plasma activity during the succeeding 26-day experimental period ...


As an essential part of structure from motion (SfM) and Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) systems, motion averaging has been extensively studied in the past years and continues to attract surging research attention. While canonical approaches such as bundle adjustment are predominantly inherited in most of state-of-the-art SLAM systems to estimate and update the trajectory in the robot navigation, the practical implementation of bundle adjustment in SLAM systems is intrinsically limited by the high computational complexity, unreliable convergence and strict requirements of ideal initializations. In this paper, we lift these limitations and propose a novel optimization backbone for visual SLAM systems, where we leverage rotation averaging to improve the accuracy, efficiency and robustness of conventional monocular SLAM pipelines. In our approach, we first decouple the rotational and translational parameters in the camera rigid body transformation and convert the high-dimensional non-convex nonlinear problem into tractable linear subproblems in lower dimensions, and show that the subproblems can be solved independently with proper constraints. We apply the scale parameter with $l_1$-norm in the pose-graph optimization to address the rotation averaging robustness against outliers. We further validate the global optimality of our proposed approach, revisit and address the initialization schemes, pure rotational scene handling and outlier treatments. We demonstrate that our approach can exhibit up to 10x faster speed with comparable accuracy against the state of the art on public benchmarks.


This paper investigates the outage performance of the secure cooperative system over correlated Rayleigh fading channels in the presence of the eavesdropper and the jammer. Assuming that the transmitter knows the full channel state information (CSI) before transmission, there exist one eavesdropper and multiple cooperative relay nodes in system, and a relay node is chosen to act as jammer to send the jamming signals. We consider two typical scenarios: 1) the legitimate channel is correlated with the jamming channel to the destination, while the wiretap channel is independent of the jamming channel to the eavesdropper, and 2) the wiretap channel is correlated with the jamming channel to the eavesdropper, while the legitimate channel is independent of the jamming channel to the destination. For each scenario, we derive the expression of secrecy outage probability of the proposed secure cooperative system, respectively. Numerical results show that the channel correlation has significant impacts on the secrecy outage probability of the secure cooperative system.


Background Delays in seeking and accessing treatment for rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (RR-TB) and multi-drug resistant (MDR-TB) are major impediments to TB control in high-burden, resource-limited settings. Method We prospectively determined health-seeking behavioural patterns and associations with treatment outcomes and costs among 68 RR-TB patients attending conveniently selected facilities in a decentralised system in Harare, Zimbabwe. Results From initial symptoms to initiation of effective treatment, patients made a median number of three health care visits (IQR 2–4 visits) at a median cost of 13% (IQR 6–31%) of their total annual household income (mean cost, US$410). Cumulatively, RR-TB patients most frequently first visited private facilities, i.e., private pharmacies (30%) and other private health care providers (24%) combined. Median patient delay was 26 days (IQR 14–42 days); median health system delay was 97 days (IQR 30–215 days) and median total delay from symptom onset to initiation of effective treatment was 132 days (IQR 51–287 days). The majority of patients (88%) attributed initial delay in seeking care to "not feeling sick enough." Total delay, total cost and number of health care visits were not associated with treatment or clinical outcomes, though our study was not adequately powered for these determinations. Conclusions Despite the public availability of rapid molecular TB tests, patients experienced significant delays and high costs in accessing RR-TB treatment. Active case finding, integration of private health care providers and enhanced service delivery may reduce treatment delay and TB associated costs.


In the paper, we consider the problem of determining a subset of the complex plane which contains all eigenvalues of the given complex matrix. We point to several applications of the gained eigenvalue inclusion sets in different branches of applied mathematics.


Construction grammar,which is based on cognitive linguistics,has a very different way in the study and understanding of the nature of language.It believes that the language is the combination of form and meaning,and that to study language one must combine the form with meaning closely.The grammar wants to establish a network of constructions.According to construction grammar,meaning is not conducted from the parts of the language,but "what you see is what you get".The theory powerfully explains many language phenomena,but it is not complete and needs to be improved.


Abstract : China is quickly developing a navy that has at its center, a formidable conventional and nuclear submarine force that bas the potential to effectively deny the littoral, `contested zone' in a near-term maritime conflict arising in East Asian waters. Further, as the People's Liberation Army Navy's (PLAN) modernization and expanding submarine force ventures out of the "brown water" and into the "green water," the United States must acknowledge China as a credible threat and military power and thus reorient the U.S. Navy's neglected antisubmarine warfare capability. The Littoral Combat Ship is not a panacea for ASW; more attack submarines in the U.S. fleet are crucial to maintain maritime dominance. The PLANs burgeoning fleet of both nuclear and modern diesel- electric submarines demands a significant investment by the U.S. Navy to develop and institutionalize an effective doctrine and training center that focuses on ASW in the littoral environment.


This article studies the sequence stratigraphy and sedimentary facies of the Taizhou Formation in the Hai'an sag in the Subei basin using seismic data,well log data,and assaying data.The Taizhou Formation can be divided into 2 thirdorder sequences and 5 system fields.Sequence I1 consists of the member 1 of the Taizhou Formation,sequence I2 consists of the member 2 of the Taizhou Formation.The sequence I1 was deposited during the faulting period of the basin,during the period when the plain of braided delta,the front of braided delta and shoreshallow lake subfacies were developed.Sequence I2 was deposited during the depression period and the shrinking period of the basin,during this period,the front of braided delta and deep facies were developed.The main source rocks were developed in the middle of the TST sequence I2 which is also good capping formation.The sand body reservoirs of lake 2 delta and fan delta were developed during the later period of the HST sequences I1 and I2,and are the potential areas for oil and gas.


A wideband planar 180 hybrid is proposed for arbitrary power division ratios and implementing cascaded planar structure. In addition, the proposed structure not only has the same function as the conventional ring hybrid, but also has a planar cascade connection when connecting other components because the output ports have same direction. The proposed planar 180 hybrid consists of two 3 dB couplers, and 4 transmission lines (TLs) with symmetrical TLs connected in series with different impedances of ZA and ZB. The design theory of the proposed structure is based on a cascaded multiport connection form, converged from transmission matrix to S‐parameter, and the ratio of ZA and ZB impedances is derived for wideband performance. The design equations are verified as the measurement results of the magnitude and phase characteristics. The proposed structure, regardless of whether 2 TLs are connected in cascaded form, has a 29% reduced area compared with the conventional ring hybrid.