In complex sea background, the ship target in the IR image often appears near the sea-sky region, and the sea-sky region is appeared as a horizontal or nearly horizontal block region, so the primary step of the IR target detection is to localize the sea-sky region. According to this characteristic of the target and background in the IR image, a detection algorithm for IR ship target detection in complex sea background is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the low frequency subimage and horizontal detail subimage is obtained by the multi-scale analysis of wavelet transform. Secondly, the gray projection and binary clustering segmentation method are combined to localize the sea-sky-line in the image, the target potential area, that is, sea-sky-region, is also determined. Finally, the multi-level filter method is adopted to detect the ship target in the sea-sky region. The experiment result show that this algorithm can effectively reduce the computational complexity, enhance the real-time execution and possess of high detection probability.


Objective: To examine the experience, comprehension and perceptions of learning of a parent's BRCA mutation during adolescence and early adulthood, and explore the impact on offspring's physical and psychosocial well‐being.


Inflow rivers have crucial impact on lake eutrophication. Ammonia nitrogen (NH4–N) in inflow rivers have tightly coupled relationships with water quality in Lake Taihu, China. Based on the monthly concentrations from 2009 to 2015, this study focused on the spatiotemporal dynamics of NH4– N in northwest Taihu Lake and utilised random forest (RF) model to simulate its response to inflow rivers. Results indicated that (1) in northwest Lake Taihu, the spatiotemporal distribution patterns of NH4–N concentrations are distinct, and river inputs were the major source of NH4–N loadings. (2) Scenario simulation results in RF models indicated that the inflow loads should be controlled under 6427.38, 3248.01, 2206.92 and 1107.58 ta for the protective targets. (3) In 2015, NH4–N concentrations in four lake regions and NH4–N loads from inflow rivers were consistent with the simulation results in RF models. The NH4–N concentrations decreased approximately 6%, 34%, 44.44% and 6.67% in North Zone and Zhushan, Meiliang and Gonghu Bays, respectively, despite reduction in external NH4–N loads by 8.99%, 11.41%, 51.38% and 62.87%. This study provides further understand on quantifying the reduction of nutrient loading from inflow rivers and governing Lake Taihu or other typical eutrophic


In recent years, container technology gained more and more importance, especially for the deployment of cloud services. While many studies focus on the performance characteristics of running containers, only a few explicitly address container start times. However, a good understanding of those can help performance engineers and cloud service providers in various domains. For example, autoscaling and scheduling algorithms can profit from additional knowledge about container start times, if they explicitly consider start delays for different containers. Another related research field is serverless computing, where the optimization of container startups and the analysis and mitigation of cold starts are vital research topics. Therefore, container start times and their influencing factors need to be analyzed in a systematic way. State-of-the-art literature focuses mainly on comparative analyses of different container runtimes and their influence on the container start time [1, 2]. Only few consider additional influencing factors like storage driver [3], base images [3, 4] as well as particular deployment aspects [5]. Moreover, the majority of these studies have only short evaluations with few container images and measurement repetitions as well as non-standardized methodologies. In this work, we perform a systematic and extensive study to identify influencing and negligible factors for container start times. The start process of a container begins when the container engine receives the task to start a new container. It ends with the start of the execution of the container's start command defined in the image manifest. The container start time is the time elapsed between these two events. During the design and execution of this study, we explicitly work with the recent ACM SIGSOFT Empirical Standards [6]. We group potential influencing factors for container start times in two categories: image factors and deployment factors. The image factors are all information that is extractable from the container's image manifest. This includes the image size, number and size of layers, ports, volumes, and more. Deployment factors include the node OS, kernel and architecture, container runtime, storage driver as well as other metrics, like the number of running containers on the node. The pull or download time of the container image will not be investigated further, as this is mostly a matter of network conditions. Our goal is to predict container start times based on image and deployment information. Our study is divided into three stages. In stage one, we will perform extensive measurements of container start times with a large number of images from the prominent public repository


To identify oxidative hair dyes in hair-coloring products, the thin-layer chromatography (TLC) screening method was used in accordance with Korean Quasi-drug Codex. However, the TLC method is not reliable when there are very small amount of materials to be tested or when values of several components are similar. In this study, Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) with a rapid sample preparation method was developed for the reliable and sensitive identification of active components contained in oxidative hair-coloring products. Hexane-distilled water was used for the extraction of active components contained in the products prior to UPLC analysis. The limit of detection of active components was 6.7-77.9 , and the limit of quantitation was 22.3-259.7 . Except for -naphthol, the range of recovery ratio was 96.2-101.5%. From this study, we demonstrated that oxidative active hair-coloring components can easily be analyzed by rapid extraction method followed by UPLC analysis.


Abstract In this article I examine the formation of white working-class racialized discourses in a former coal-mining town in Leicestershire. I draw upon my ethnographic research in the area to explore the conditions in which young white adults confront, challenge and question what they perceive to be others' conventional racist attitudes and beliefs, for example, the racist attitudes of members of their nuclear and extended families, friends and acquaintances. I argue that it is vital to examine these "moments of questioning" if white hegemony in predominantly working-class areas is to be understood.


At first, it introduced the structure, the characteristics and the related properties adjacent pixels of the BMP file, it put forward a new steganalysis algorithm based on this. This algorithm calculates each pixel and its eight-pixel areas of the XOR value's sum, then it Statistics calculated and classified, in order to complete the scan image. Finally, that statistical each image XOR value and the same number, in order to determine whether it contains secret information. This experimental programming environment is VS2008. This experimental results show that, this detection algorithm is a small amount of statistic and simple, it has high detection rate when more secret information is embedded.


Capacitor voltage transformer (CVT) is one of the most important measuring and protecting devices in power system, whose measurement error is relevant with insulation characteristics of voltage divider. In daily operation, dielectric aging, moisture, dielectric breakdown etc. will exert a mixing effect on its insulation characteristics, changing voltage divider's equivalent parameters, further resulting in the measurement error. This paper proposes a more accurate model to represent CVT, which takes insulation characteristics of voltage divider into consideration. After theoretical analysis and software simulation, the relationship between measurement error and insulation characteristics is obtained. It indicates that varying of insulation characteristics in CVT will cause a reasonable measurement error.


We present two early prototype systems that leverage computer memory to augment human memory in everyday situations. Both experiments investigate the role of eye tracking as a way to detect a person's attention and use this knowledge to affect short and long term memory processes. This work is part of a larger effort underway at the MIT Media Laboratory to develop systems that work symbiotically with humans, leading to increased performance along numerous cognitive and physical dimensions [D. Roy].


The problem of loose spot welding nuts during knockdown is a problem, from the cost of replacing the loose spot welding nut and additional time to repair damage that can reduce productivity. To increase the strength of spot welding, it is necessary to test with certain variables, namely the spot welding process with five variables 25A, 30A, 40A, 50A, and 60A, five time variables 0.5 seconds, 1.0 seconds, 1.5 seconds, 2.0 seconds and 2.5 seconds. Each of 30 samples of each variable were tested for destructive torque with a digital torque wrench to get a precise torque value and SEM photos to determine the HAZ of the spot welding process. The results obtained from this study are to determine the effective value of each variable so as to increase the efficiency of repair costs in terms of goods and time due to the release of nut spot welding. Tests are carried out to increase productivity in terms of time and cost efficiency as well as to find out the science in examining the effect of current and time variables in the spot welding process.


We study the equilibrium and its stability property in a duopoly market in which minimum quality standards (MQS) are set, prices are regulated with links to product quality, and firms compete in quality. The adjustment dynamics are studied, under the assumption that quality is a sticky variable. We focus on the role that MQS play, in affecting equilibrium allocations and the system dynamic properties. In particular, we show that chaotic dynamics may emerge, precisely due to MQS; under specific circumstances, MQS are responsible for the outcome of maximal differentiation in product qualities across providers.


As an intentional attempt to improve the practice with expected goals,teacher professional education reform confronts with many risks while achieving effects on increasing the professional knowledge of future teachers,training professional skills and molding professional spirits.The major risk is how to manage the coordination,equilibrium and integration between various types of education,how to synchronously optimize the general education and specialized education,how to maintain the balance between arts and science education and professional education and how to take overall and equal consideration on specialty and universality.In order to avoid and prevent possible risks,it is necessary to explore the rule of teacher education,form cost consciousness,enhance teaching-as-academy awareness and set up multiple participation decision-making system of reform.


We report on the magnetic field dependence of the apparent ferromagnetic ordering temperature (${T}_{\mathrm{F}}$) of the ferromagnetic semiconductor EuO doped with $8%$ Gd, La, or Lu. Chemical doping is a common method to increase the ${T}_{\mathrm{F}}$ of EuO. Recent findings demonstrate that in thin films only a fraction of the dopants donate electrons into the conduction band. We show that the ${T}_{\mathrm{F}}$ of doped EuO determined by the standard procedure drastically increases with applied magnetic fields. The comparison of measured data to theoretical models is in agreement with large fractions of dopant electrons being localized and the presence of magnetic disorder.


SICK Flowsic500 ultrasonic flow meters were tested over a range of pressures and flow rates in piping configurations that are similar to those commonly used for rotary meters.


Concrete has been the building material of the century now coming to a close, and is not about to be displaced from its leading role. There is hardly a structure nowadays which does not contain any concrete. In a great many cases concrete helps to solve problems associated with the ever greater demands made on our natural resources and the threat to the ecological equilibrium. Only with concrete is it possible to implement the necessary building measures to protect and maintain the environment, and to satisfy the needs of our society throughout the world.


Abstract This article presents the latest research on the perception of the translating profession from the book Tłumacz oczami społeczeństwa edited by Katarzyna Liber-Kwiecińska. The reviewed monograph includes articles that complement current research on the perception of the role and work of interpreters. The presentation of an introductory article concerning the identity of a court interpreter is followed by the results of the work conducted by six teams of young scientists; these studies can be divided into three groups. The former relates to the perception of the interpreter's role by attorneys ad litem, judges, and students of non-philologic faculties, and to the cooperation between interpreters and judges. The second group includes a study on the required education of translators among students of philologic and nonphilologic faculties. Finally, the last group contains research on the impact of the level of knowledge of a foreign language and the age of probants on the perception of the translating profession and the impact of the presence of an interpreter on the attractiveness of statements.


Introduction A new concept of 'NeoRAS wild-type (WT)', which means conversion of RAS status from RAS mutant to RAS WT after treatment, has been reported. Previous observational and proof-of-concept studies have demonstrated the efficacy of epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors in patients with NeoRAS WT metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Moreover, posthoc biomarker analyses of these studies have suggested that not only the RAS status in the circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) but also other gene mutational status may be useful as biomarkers of epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors for NeoRAS WT mCRC. Methods and analysis This trial is a multicentre, single-arm, phase II trial to assess the efficacy and safety of panitumumab plus irinotecan therapy for patients with NeoRAS mCRC. The key eligibility criteria include RAS mutant mCRC initially proven in tumour tissue refractory or intolerant to fluoropyrimidine, oxaliplatin and irinotecan; RAS WT in ctDNA (defined as plasma mutant allele frequencies of all RAS ≤0.1%) within 28 days before enrolment and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status ≤2. The primary endpoint is the response rate. The target sample size is 30 patients. Biomarker analyses are planned to be performed using next-generation sequencing-based ctDNA analysis. Ethics and dissemination This study was approved by the certified review board of National Cancer Center Hospital. The main results of the trial will be presented in international meetings and in medical journals. Trial registration number s031210565.


We appreciate the comment by Kang et al. on our research.1 While we acknowledge findings of toxicity in a mouse model of elevated cellular dopamine due to overexpression of the dopamine transporter,2 such toxicity has not been observed in rodent or primate models of Parkinson disease (PD) in which the aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) gene therapy was tested.3,4 Moreover, in our observations of these participants 3 years after AADC therapy,1 we did not see evidence of significant clinical worsening, which would be expected if the AADC gene therapy was causing injury to medium spiny neurons.


Objective:To evaluate the therapeutic effect of Chanjie Wenshen pill assisted with noninvasive ventilation in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease complicated with respiratory failure and to observe the effect on blood rhe-ology.Methods:One hundred and twenty cases of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease complicated with respiratory failure patients were divided into the observation group and the control group.The control group received symptomatic treatment,and the observation group received Chanjie Wenshen pill assisted with noninvasive ventilation,and was given symptomatic treatment when necessary.The changes of symptoms and sighs as well as hemorheological indexes were observed.Results:The total effective rate of the observation group was 95.00%,higher than 83.33% in the control group,and the difference was statisti-cally significant(P 0.05).The differences of himorheological indexes were insignificant between the two groups(P 0.05).Af-ter treatment,low-shear viscosity,middle-shear viscosity and high-shear viscosity of the whole blood and hematocrit in the observation group were superior to those in the control group,the difference being insignificant(P 0.01).Conclusion:Chanjie Wenshen pill assisted with noninvasive ventilation is safe and effective in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease complicated with respiratory failure,and is effective to improve the blood rheology.


In an ideal world, every adult would have executed a clear and unambiguous advance directive, given it to all family members, and discussed it thoroughly with his or her personal physician. In the real world, whereas advance directives have been legally recognized in most states, only 10% to 20% of people have executed written directives. A contributing factor is the widespread reluctance of people to contemplate the prospect of life-threatening illness. In addition, people often make two false assumptions. First, they assume that advance directives are unnecessary because those closest to them will know intuitively what should be done in the unlikely event that life-threatening illness should strike. Second, they assume that those persons will be empowered to act as surrogates. Regrettably, nothing could be further from the truth, at least when the action is withdrawing life support and there is a lack of consensus among family members.

Given this conspicuous absence of formal directives, a perennial issue has been the standards that should inform surrogate decision making—decisions made on a patient's behalf. The recent decision of the California Supreme Court in Conservatorship of Wendland is the latest indication of how intractable the debate over these standards remains.1 The objective of this article is to put the Wendland decision in the larger context of the law and ethics of surrogate decision making.


Hydropogon fontinaloides, new to both Colombia andEcuador, appears to be confined to the upper tributaries of the Amazon basin. Twenty-one new records of mosses are reported for Colombia: Callicostella tenerrima, Calyptothecium planifrons, Cyclodictyon chimborazense, Dal- tonia stenophylla, Entosthodon obtusifolius, Lepidopilum erectiusculum, L. pallidonitens, Leu- coloma crugerianum, Macromitrium subcirrosum, M. tonduzii, M. trinitense, Micromitrium thele- phorothecum, Orthotrichum aequatoreum, Pireella cymbifolia, P. pohlii, Sematophyllum adnatum, Syrrhopodon fimbriatus, S. incompletus var. lanceolatus and var. luridus, Trachyxiphium steerei (Griffin) Churchill, comb. nov., and Tristichium lorentzii. The number of species of mosses now known for Colombia is just over 900. Twenty-seven additions to the department of Antioquia are provided; the number of species of mosses presently known for the department stands at 387.


The article is devoted to identifying organizational and economic problems that arise in the way of robotization of the industry of the Republic of Belarus, as well as developing ways to overcome these problems in the context of modern challenges and threats. The relevance of the study of this issue, due to the need for advanced modernization of the national industrial complex, accompanied by the introduction of robots and robotic systems, is substantiated. The specifics of the robotization of the Belarusian industry and some of the risks arising in this process are shown.


The invention relates to novel photo-activatable biotin derivatives of formula (I) in which R = [(CH2)n-Om]q-[(CH2)r-Os]t-(CH2)p with n,r = 2.3; m,s = 0.1; q+t = 2-4; p = 1-4, in which the sum of all the CH2 groups is 10 at the most and in which R1 as a mono or polysubstituent is hydrogen, C1-C5-alkyl, NH2, COOH, F, Cl or Br, their production, their use to deactivate streptavidine, and the use of the deactivated streptavidine to suppress interference in immuno assaying.


The invention discloses a preparation method for preventing and curing ginger bacterial wilt, which comprises the following components in weight ratio: 35-45% of sodium dichloro isocyanurate, 35-45% of zinc sulfate, 9-11% of copper sulfate, 4.5-5.5% of borax and 4.5-5.5% of compound sodium nitrophenolate. Because the sodium dichloro isocyanurate and the zinc sulfate are served as the main materials, the preparation has good efficacy for preventing and curing the ginger bacterial wilt.


Chinese nation's history rational rose the in the Zhou Dynasty,Chinese tradition history also arise s at the historic moment in the Zhou Dynasty.The reason that the historical rationality's rising in Zhou Dynasty has three aspect factors,besides the ruler's advocation,there have two factors,they played the influential role.First is the humanities color thick"the religious teaching":In the Zhou Dynasty,"the religious teaching"besides instills into the superstitious idea,be more importantly Integrate massive historical personage to the theogony spectrum,through this way carries out the enlightenment.It transmits to the people one kind inherits the historical rational idea.Next is Zhou people takes seriously to the books and records:In the Zhou Dynasty books and records is containing the rich social history knowledge and politics managerial experience,it is playing the very important role in the Zhou Dynasty political life,all the big event ruler seeks for the basis surely to the historical books and records.The books and records while treat as the administrative operation basis to raise Zhou people the historical rationality similarly.


The author presents some insights gained into the quality and safety of health care services as both a consumer and a consumer representative on many health care committees and boards. (non-author abstract)


With the advent of the information age, the Internet has become the most important platform for people to express their opinions and attitudes toward public affairs or hot emergencies. Micro-blog public opinion has become the most influential network of public opinion of the means of transmission, with a short time, a wide range of communication features. Based on the analysis of complex network characteristics and network public opinion, this paper analyzes the complex network topological properties of complex network using the statistical properties of complex networks, the number of nodes, the point intensity and the average weighted clustering coefficient. Choosing "heat" and "situation" "And other indicators and node number, degree distribution and average weighted clustering coefficient of these three complex network parameters to achieve one-to-one mapping, and network life cycle of public opinion four-stage characteristics of building an emergency network public opinion monitoring and guidance model, public opinion real-time Monitoring, to determine the appropriate public opinion to guide the strategy. The actual public opinion monitoring and guidance through actual cases and real data verify the feasibility of the network public opinion monitoring and guidance model.


This society service activity is purposed to give an elucidation of law about the usage of internet which is growing massively in society especially in the students social environment. The improvement of internet usage caused higher risk of crime in the society. government gives the limitation in the usage of internet by issued UU No.19/2016 about the change of UU No.11 Tahun 2008 (Act Number 19 of the year 2016 about the change of Act Number 11 of the year 2008) about information and electronic transaction. As legal state, the persumptio iures de iure norm or mostly called as law fiction is the logic consequence of legal state. Law fiction means that the state assume everyone know the law, not limiting the citizen who live in the rural or even the one who still studying at school like students. The rules about the usage of internet like hoax, porn, hate speech, slander, or good name vilification and other form which can caused a law consequence by like, repost, re-tweet, share, post, auto tag or etc. this is the responsibility of government by the existence of university to socialize the law therefore the society especially the students become more wise in using the internet.


Ni(cdt)** reacts with two equivalents of the sterically highly demanding 1,4-diazadiene 2,6-iPr2C6H3N =CH –CH =NC6H3-2,6-iPr, to yield the red-brown, crystalline title compound Ni(2,6-iPr2Ph-dad)2 (3). The existence of this compound was previously uncertain. 1H and 13C NMR, MS, and UV/VIS spectra of 3 are reported. The X-ray structure analysis of 3 revealed a strongly distorted tetrahedral coordination of the nickel center with a dihedral angle of 51 between the planes of the chelate rings and mean bond lengths Ni-Ν 1.965(4) Å and N=CH 1.308(5) Å. The poorly soluble compound appears to be rather unreactive because of the bulk of the ligands.


An enzyme solution, obtained from crude extracts from Penicillium spinulosum at 20% saturation with ammonium sulfate, contains besides fatty acid oxidizing enzymes a peroxidase. This enzyme shows up at low concentrations of the mixed enzymes, as well as after dialyzis of the solution, whereby the fatty acid oxidizing enzymes are partly inactivated. This enzyme, which takes part in the destruction of linoleic and linolenic peroxide, catalyzis the release of oxygen from carboxy-cutin. The latter is formed by pretreatment of cutin by a crude extract from P. spinulosum, containing cutin-esterase. A scheme for the first steps during the breakdown of cutin is given.


After the reconstruction,China and Vietnam respectively started legislation work on marital family system at once.Since the 21st century,they also started their national legislative revision work about marital system.There are many similarities and dissimilarities about marital family system in both countries among legislative background,legislative style,legislative ideas,concrete systems and so on.It is important to improve China's legislation in marital family system by dicussing their similarities and differences,and by learning from its legislative successful experience.


The O/W emulsions containing Tween 80 dissolved in demineralized
water as the continuous phase and rapeseed oil as the dispersed phase were
prepared using different emulsification methods. The influence of operating
conditions on droplet size distribution (DSD) was discussed and compared.


This paper explores macroscopic-scale di ff usion of the molecular-scale building blocks of two-component self-assembled organogel nano fi bres using a di ff usion cell in which two di ff erent gels are in contact with one another. Both components of the ' solid-like ' nano fi bres (lysine peptide dendron acids and amines) can di ff use through these gels and across a gel – gel interface, although di ff usion is signi fi cantly slower than that of a non-interactive additive in the ' liquid-like ' phase of the gel. Amine di ff usion was probed by bringing similar gels with di ff erent amines into contact. Dendron acid di ff usion was tested by bringing similar gels with enantiomeric dendrons into contact. Surprisingly, dendron and amine di ff usion rates were similar, even though the peptide dendron is more intimately hydrogen bonded in the self-assembled nano fi bres. It is proposed that thermal disassembly of the acid – amine complex delivers both components into the liquid-like phase, allowing them to di ff use via a decomplexation/recomplexation mechanism. This is a rare observation in which molecules assembled into solid-like gel nano fi bres are mobile – in dynamic equilibrium with the liquid-like phase. Gel nano fi bre di ff usion and reorganisation are vital in understanding dynamic materials processes such as metastability, self-healing and adaptability. acid and amine components in two-component organogels.


Environmental and social factors influencing resource allocation in rural, developing regions are critical social determinants of health that necessitate cross-sector collaboration to improve health opportunities. Thus, we sought to evaluate the spatial distribution and accessibility of medical resources to assess existing disparities, identify best practices for resource allocation, and inform regional health planning policies. In this study, inequality in the frequency distribution of medical resources in Wenzhou, China, was measured using the Gini coefficient and agglomeration degree. We evaluated the spatial accessibility of medical institutions throughout the city using the modified hierarchical two-step floating catchment area (H2SFCA) method. Using the Spearman correlation analysis, we investigated the factors influencing accessibility differences. The results indicate that Wenzhou's spatial distribution of medical resources is unbalanced and unequal. According to the population and geographic distribution, the distribution of medical resources in Wenzhou is unequal. Wenzhou's overall spatial accessibility is poor. The east region is more accessible than the west region, and the accessibility of medical institutions at different levels varies greatly. The correlation between accessibility and the number of institutions, doctors, population density, road density, and GDP is positive. There is a need for policies and initiatives to enhance the geographical distribution of resources, construct interconnected road networks, and improve residents' access to medical resources.


The stratification of temperature and oxygen is described for the open water of Lake Victoria during March–May 1956. The results generally conform to an outline of seasonal changes previously recorded for 1952–4. At the period of strongest stratification a shallow and almost deoxygenated lower layer is marked off by a distinct but deep thermal discontinuity.

The vertical distribution of the planktonic algae during the period of strong thermal stratification is described, with the effects of a later change to more isothermal conditions. Some conspicuous differences between the various species are recorded and classified; thus maximum densities of different species are variously found in upper, middle, and lower layers. These differences are considered to arise mainly from different sinking rates and capacities to withstand conditions in a deoxygenated lower layer. The relation between algal distribution and the photosynthetic zone is briefly discussed.


In this thesis, the conical tower of domestic popular 1.5MW wind turbine is analyzed in dynamic by using the software ANSYS. The natural frequencies can be extracted from the model analysis results, comparing them with the impeller rotational frequency and determining whether the tower will resonate when the wind turbine under normal operation conditions. Based on the model analysis, the transient dynamic analysis is carried out by inputting the history records of seismic wave acceleration, Both these two analysis can provide the basis for the safety evaluation of the tower.


This paper compares experimentally obtained electrical characteristics of a novel Octagonal (Oct) cell topology for 1.2 kV-rated 4H-SiC JBSFETs with the Linear and Hexagonal (Hex) cell topologies for the first time. The various cell topologies were fabricated using the same process flow at a 6-inch foundry. The third quadrant on-state voltage drop for the JBS diode in the Oct JBSFET was matched with the Linear cell design by using adequate JBS diode area within the cell. Experimental results demonstrate that the Oct JBSFET has 1.7× and 2.2× better HF-FOM [$\mathbf{R}_{\mathbf{on}}\times \mathbf{Q}_{\mathbf{gd}}$] compared with the Linear and Hex cell JBSFETs, respectively. In addition, the Oct JBSFETs have a much superior [Ciss/Crss] ratio to suppress shoot through currents during high frequency switching.


Much of the experimental work reported on the applications of near infrared spectroscopy and imaging for therapeutic purposes has been performed on multifarious tissue simulating materials, which often have unreproducible optical properties. To facilitate the quantitative testing of spectroscopy equipment, stable, reproducible phantoms which replicate the optical properties of tissue are needed. This paper describes one such phantom. The base material is a clear, non polymerized liquid polyester resin, which forms a solid on addition of a catalyst. The polyester has a low intrinsic absorption coefficient for infrared light and is nonscattering. Before the resin is set, measured quantities of scattering particle suspensions and absorbing dyes can be added. The scattering phase function of these particles has been measured, and the mean cosine of the scattering angle, g, calculated. Knowing this, by varying the concentration of scattering particles a range of materials with known transport scattering coefficients can be produced. By varying the concentration and mix of dyes, the absorption coefficient of the resin can be easily controlled. The resin can be easily machined or cast into arbitrary shapes, with regions of differing optical properties. Once set, the polyester is stable, in terms of both physical and optical properties.


Purpose Radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy is the primary treatment for patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). It wastes time from diagnosis to treatment. Treatment time of radiotherapy generally takes at least seven weeks. The current study aimed to evaluate factors associated with prolonged wait time and longer duration of radiotherapy in NPC patients. Methods and Materials From Taiwan's National Health Insurance research database, we identified 3,605 NPC patients treated with radiotherapy between 2008 and 2011. Wait time was calculated from the date of diagnosis to the start of radiotherapy. The impact of each variable on wait time and duration of radiotherapy was examined by multilevel analysis using a random-intercept model. Results The mean wait time and duration of radiotherapy were 1.78±3.33 and 9.72±7.27 weeks, respectively. Multilevel analysis revealed prolonged wait time in patients aged 45–65 years, those receiving radiotherapy alone, those with more comorbidities, those with low SES, and those living in eastern Taiwan. A prolonged duration of radiotherapy was associated with receipt of concurrent chemoradiotherapy, more comorbidities, and moderate SES. Conclusions Understanding the factors associated with longer wait times and duration of radiotherapy in patients with NPC may help healthcare providers better assist both these patients and potentially those with other head-and-neck cancers.


This essay examines factors leading to the identification of Toxic Shock Syndrome with the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus in 1978 and the specific role of Rely tampons in generating a technologically rooted health crisis. The concept biologically incompatible technology is offered to explain the relationship between constituent bacteria, women's menstrual cycles, and a reactive technology that converged to create the ideal environment for the S. aureus bacteria to live and flourish in some women. The complicated and reactive relationship of the Rely tampon to emergent disease, corporate interests, public health, and injury law reveals the dangers of naturalizing technologies.


In generating sensor-based behavior of the robot, which has various sensors and many degrees of freedom, the key point is how it utilizes information from many sensors in multi modals for moving its body flexibly. In our experimental systems for generating multi-sensor guided behavior, we have introduced the following methods: 1) Integration with reflexes: Integrating objective behavior (behavior which is aimed for achieving some specific goals) and various kinds of reflexes (behavior which instantly reacts to the changes in an environment).; 2) Posture-sensor data memory: Memorizing the robot postures, relating them with changes of various sensors. This memory can also be used for predicting human intention from previous experiences.; and 3) ABC-Net (attention-based conditional network): Behavior description network, where nodes are expressed by states of sensors paid attention to and arcs are expressed by actions to transit between nodes. In those methods, behavior experiments for making sure the effectiveness have been done in both real and virtual environment using Kenta, a multi-DOF and multi-sensor humanoid that we have developed. In this paper, the design and implementation of the whole behavior systems including the above three methods for realizing the multi-sensor guided behavior are described and the results of the behavior experiments using Kenta are shown.


A case of an aortic aneurysma penetrating into the esophageal cavity causing an upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage and acute dysphagia is presented. Exact patient's history and the knowledge of the results of previous examinations is essential to prevent emergency endoscopy in such cases because of the danger of acute letal rupture. The most suitable diagnostic method is the transfemoral aortography. In our case emergency endoscopy was carried out, fortunately without complications, but the endoscopical findings were misinterpreted from the macroscopical aspect as a malignant tumour.


Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a common neurological illness and various degrees of depression frequently complicate its course. While the high frequency of depression in PD seems established, the nature of the relationship between the two remains uncertain. Attempting to distinguish the origin of depression in PD patients is complex due to the shared functional impairments and neuroanatomical changes of both disorders. PD is a progressive disorder that results in complete dependency of the patient at its most severe state; therefore, some research suggests depression as secondary to the reaction and consequence of the diagnosis of this persistent disease. However, the neurodegeneration that occurs in PD, which is also implicated in the neurobiological basis of depression, supports the idea of a biological origin of both PD and depression. Hence, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the onset of depression in Parkinson's disease patients and establish grounds for this co-morbidity with depression by examining the psychosocial stress of the PD diagnosis triggering depressive symptoms, as well as the collective biological foundation of both PD and depression.


Evidence is provided that the fibroproliferative actions of TGF‐β are dependent on a metabolic adaptation that sustains pathologic growth. Specifically, profibrotic TGF‐β signaling is shown to require fatty acid synthase (FASN), an essential anabolic enzyme responsible for the de novo synthesis of fatty acids. With the use of pharmacologic and genetic approaches, we show that TGF‐β‐stimulated FASN expression is independent of Smad2/ 3 and is mediated via mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1. In the absence of FASN activity or protein, TGF‐β ‐driven fibrogenic processes are reduced with no apparent toxicity. Furthermore, as increased FASN expression was also observed to correlate with the degree of lung fibrosis in bleomycin‐treated mice, inhibition of FASN was examined in a murine‐treatment model of pulmonary fibrosis. Remarkably, inhibition of FASN not only decreased expression of profibrotic targets, but lung function was also stabilized/improved, as assessed by peripheral blood oxygenation.—Jung, M.‐Y., Kang, J.‐H., Hernandez, D. M., Yin, X., Andrianifahanana, M., Wang, Y., Gonzalez‐Guerrico, A., Limper, A. H., Lupu, R., Leof, E. B. Fatty acid synthase is required for profibrotic TGF‐β signaling. FASEB J. 32, 3803–3815 (2018). www.fasebj.org


The aim of this study is to review some problems of formation of the tourism industry at the Kazakh sectors of the Silk Routes. The study conducted a literature review method. The conclusion has appeared that among the most promising projects of the XXI century the international program for the revival of the Silk Road on the right holds a special place in its historical and universal scale. Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi, in the city of Turkestan, and Tamgaly petroglyphs (Almaty region) are included in the list of World Cultural Heritage by UNESCO. This is a clear proof that our ancestors left a rich heritage and recognised worldwide. We have a unique of its kind, the only post-Soviet state program 'Cultural Heritage' in the country. Thanks to her, we have restored dozens of landmarks. Kazakhstan is rich in historical monuments of the country and some objects of archeology are a thousand year old. Not surprisingly, we go to the historians from many countries.
Keywords: Tourism, industry, study, research, formation.


The potential of poly(acrylonitrile) electrospun membranes with tuneable pore size and fiber distributions were investigated for airborne fine‐particle filtration for the first time. The impact of solution concentration on final membrane properties are evaluated for the purpose of designing separation materials with higher separation efficiency. The properties of fibers and membranes are investigated systematically: the average pore distribution, as characterized by capillary flow porometry, and thermo‐mechanical properties of the mats are found to be dependent on fiber diameter and on specific electrospinning conditions. Filtration efficiency and pressure drop are calculated from measurement of penetration through the membranes using potassium chloride (KCl) aerosol particles ranging from 300 nm to 12 μm diameter. The PAN membranes exhibited separation efficiencies in the range of 73.8–99.78% and a typical quality factor 0.0224 (1 Pa−1) for 12 wt% PAN with nanofibers having a diameter of 858 nm. Concerning air flow rate, the quality factor and filtration efficiency of the electrospun membranes at higher face velocity are much more stable than for commercial membranes. The results suggest that the structure of electrospun membranes is the best for air filtration in terms of filtration stability at high air flow rate.


Theory of Weierstrass transform is ventured to derive properties of the Mexican hat wavelet transform by Pathak et al . [3]. In this paper, distributional Mexican hat wavelet transform is studied and an asymptotic behaviour for the same is established. Further, tauberian result of Mexican hat wavelet transform is derived.


This paper relates Italimpianti's experiences over the past few years in the area of control of reheat furnaces for the steel industry. The focus is on the level 1 area; specifically on the use of PLC-based systems to perform both combustion control and mechanical/hydraulic control. Some topics to be discussed are: overview of reheat furnace control system requirements; PLC only control vs separate PLC and DCS systems; PLC hardware requirements; man machine interface (MMI) requirements; purge, light-on and safety logic; implementation of more sophisticated level 1 control algorithms; furnace temperature optimization: look up tables vs full thermal modeling; and recent trends including integrated PLC/DCS system.


Based on interview and documentation in Ngino 2 Elementary School, sub-district Semanding, district Tuban, student's ability to write poetry was till poor, eight students the value reached the criteria, meanwhile sixteen students the value reached under the criteria, so value percentage only got 3,3% classically. The purpose of this research was to increase ability to write poetry for 4 graduates at SDN Ngino II Semanding. The type of this research was Class action esearch with research procedure that consists of four steps: planning, observation, action, reflection. Subject of research was students grade V, having 24 students. The techniques of collecting the data were test and documentation with instruments of test and documentation. The technique of data analysis was calculating the value reached the criteria of each person and making a percentage classically. The result of research was the ability to write poetry of Indonesian Language, checked by data of pre cycle reaches 33,33%, this means from 24 students as many as 8 students the value reached the criteria, meanwhile in the first cycle student's ability to write poetry reached with 62,5%, this means from 24 students as many as 15 students the value reached the criteria and the ability to write poetry in the second cycle with 83,33%, this means from 24 students as many as 20 students already reached the criteria. The increase obtained in the first cycle and the second cycle  were 20,83%. This showed the LIPIRTUP method could improve the ability to write poetry.


OBJECTIVE
To investigate the efficacy and safety of oral fludarabine in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL).

METHODS
The patients received oral fludarabine 40 mg/(m2.d) for 5 consecutive days, each treatment lasting 4 weeks. The efficacy was assessed with National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) criteria for response.

RESULTS
Twenty-two patients received the treatment, a median of 4 cycles per patient. The rate of complete response (CR), partial response (PR), and overall response (OR) was 40.9% (9/22), 45.5% (10/22), and 86.4% (19/22), respectively. Among the 17 previously untreated patients, 7 (41.2%) achieved CR and 8 (47.0%) achieved PR. Two of the 5 pre-treated patients achieved CR and the other 2 achieved PR. During a median observation of 24 months, the overall survival rate was 81.8%. The main adverse reactions were myelosuppression and infection. Grade 1 to 3 granulocytopenia was found in 7 (31.8%) patients, and infection in 3 (13.6%) patients. Nonhematologic toxicity was mild. All the adverse reactions were reversible.

CONCLUSION
The oral fludarabine is effective, safe, and well-tolerated in the patients with CLL/ SLL.


Recent information theoretic results on MIMO broadcast channels have promoted research attention on devising practical transmit-receive strategies that achieve a reasonable fraction of the broadcast capacity. This paper proposes an algorithm for SDMA weight construction for two users. The weights are chosen to represent a subspace that lies between the dominant signal subspace of one user and the nullspace of the other. This proposal is unique due to its practical considerations - a broadband MIMO broadcast channel employing OFDM, imperfect CSI at the transmitter in the form of codebook based limited feedback, coded BER as a performance metric, and the ability to choose the users for SDMA arbitrarily. Simulation results in an IEEE 802.16e-style setup show that a coded BER within 1-2 dB of the case of perfect CSI can be achieved with a feedback of less than 1 bit per subcarrier. Additionally, maximum ratio combining receivers suffice and they may be oblivious to the multi-user nature of the SDMA transmission.


Christian theologians are increasingly interested in both ontological and soteriological forms of participation theology. Paul Gavrilyuk challenges scholars to be more precise in how these relate to each other. This article contributes to the need for further precision by engaging with the thought of Jonathan Edwards. Edwards employed both types of participation, but did not embed one within the other. Ontological participation, dubbed 'common participation', undergirds created nature and is a methexis in God for being. Soteriological participation, dubbed 'special participation', explains special grace and is a relational koinonia in the love between the Father and the Son. These two participations are complementary and facilitate a clear distinction between nature and grace.


A mechanical analysis is made of the hosting axle suspending equipment for the large components heat treatment.With various influencing factors considered, the bending strength, shear strength and tensile strength are calculated,and the optimization design of the parameters is conducted through nonlinear regression analysis and fitting of the curve by use of the computer,then a concise formula for designing the parameters is obtained.The formula can be used in practical production conveniently,and as a result, a great deal of steel material can be saved in comparison with the experiential data of the parameters.


The successive expansion of the students' enrollment in colleges and universities over the past several years has not only imposed great pressure on both the campus and the society, but on the teaching quality as well. Thus enhancing the teaching management is the prerequisite and the guarantee of improving teaching and talent-cultivation, And students-involving-in-the-teaching-management is also a new way of the teaching management reform. So the author in this paper in four aspects discussed how to achieve this goal, namely, the students involving in the teaching reform and its system construction, students assessing teaching with the advantage of modern web technology, students voluntarily supervising their studies and finally establishing the graduates' employment feedback website to improve and perfect the teaching management system.


Copper-graphene (Cu/Gr) composites have been promising materials due to their theoretically high strength and conductivity; however, their design has been hampered by the large number of variables affecting their properties. We applied four different machine learning (ML) models to manually collected datasets compiling the yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of graphene-reinforced copper composites processed with powder metallurgy techniques. Our results indicate that ML models can predict the mechanical properties of Cu/Gr composites with satisfactory accuracy. Feature analysis provided new insights into the most important factors that affect these properties. Graphical abstract


Abstract External morphological characteristics and protein electrophoresis at two diagnostic loci were used to determine the proportion of 704 Stizostedion samples collected from the Peoria Pool of the Illinois River during March 1995 that were saugers S. canadense, walleyes S. vitreum, or their hybrids. Morphological analyses indicated that 616 (87.5%) fish were saugers, 58 (8.2%) were walleyes, and 30 (4.3%) were hybrids; electrophoretic analyses indicated that 625 (88.8%) fish were saugers, 50 (7.1%) were walleyes, and 29 (4.1%) were hybrids. Clear discrepancies between the morphological and electrophoretic analyses affected at least 43 (6.1%) fish. Only 2% of saugers were hybrids, but at least 14% of walleyes possessed sauger alleles. Polymorphism at the PGM-1* locus in Peoria Pool saugers was also identified. We recommend electrophoretic screening for hybrids if saugers or walleyes are collected for use as broodstock from waters where they co-occur.


Abstract This article is a theological reflection based on personal experience of ministry in an urban church during a very difficult time. Key themes are about the implications of incarnational ministry, and about the searching for hope and meaning by local people as well as the "professionals."


As definite, independent morbid entities, atrophies of the cerebellum are probably more common than inflammations, degenerations or tumors of this organ. Like tumors, cerebellar atrophies may be circumscribed, and like inflammatory or degenerative conditions they may be concomitant manifestations of atrophies elsewhere in the central nervous system. The best known and fairly well studied form of cerebellar atrophy has been described as tardy or late atrophy, predominantly of the cerebellar cortex (Marie, Foix and Alajouanine 1 ). It is also known as sclerotic atrophy of the cerebellum, as lamellar and primary parenchymatous cerebellar atrophy and by other names. 2 Atrophies of the cerebellum that are associated with atrophies elsewhere in the central nervous system are represented by a number of pathologic entities of which the best known are crossed, olivopontocerebellar and olivorubrocerebellar. However, they cannot be differentiated clinically, though pathologically they are fundamentally alike, differing from one another only in the


Topics discussed by the panel include specific indications for use of vitamins, choice of the best sedative and the best antacid for routine use9 beneficial effect of anticholinergics, medical versus surgical treatment of hiatus hernia, management of mild cirrhosis, criteria for resumption of activity following hepatitis, treatment of pancreatitis, precautions and technic of needle biopsy of the liver, measures to relieve constipation, preparation of the intestine for surgery, complications of the use of mineral oil, operative management of patients receiving steroids, indications for steroids in gastrointestinal disorders, and drugs to use in the terminal stage of cancer.


The aim of this study is 1) Present the structure of novel Acek Botak, 2) to describe the values of nationalism in the novel Acek Botak and 3) implement the values of nationalism in the novel Acek Botak as a instructional materials in the school. The method used in this research is descritive qualitative. The author carefully analyzes the data that has been collected and then concluded. The techniques of collecty data that used in this research is content analysis, in depth interview, and questionnaire. The data validity uses triangulation. The technique of analysis data is uses interaktif and dialetikal technique. The results of the research is 1) Structureal analysis in the novel includes themes (residential search), figure, progressive or progressive grooves, bakgrounds that include a place background (Medan, deli Tua, Tapanuli), time setting, and socio-cultural background, 2) There is nationalism values in novel Acek Botak, ie, There is a sense of love for a common ground, race, nation, or culture; a mystical service to a vague social organism called a nation; the desire for political independence, salvation, and prestige of the nation; and the dogma that teaches that the individual lives only for the nation and tche nation itself; and 3) Suitability of study as literary materials in high school class XII based on indentification of literary works with characteristics of learners and curricullum 2013 on basic competence 3.3 ie, identifying information, which includes orientation, series of interrelated events, complications and resolutions, in oral or written history stories.


In January 2009,the State Council promulgated and implemented "The Outline of the Plan for the Reform and Development of the Pearl River Delta",and the regional economy in Guangdong,Hong Kong and Macau was integrated into the national strategy.While there are some differences in governance model among the three regions,the internal governance models of the regional industrial clusters are not regulate,and the homogeneous competition between the regional industrial clusters is prominent,therefore in promoting the economic integration process in Guangdong,Hong Kong,and Macau,the disorderly competition must be avoided,the scope of regional markets should be expanded,the system of supply effects should be improved,and the multi-way of the Government guided,enterprises followed and associations generated should be taken,the interests coordination mechanisms and government regulation boundary should be established,thereby the regional transaction costs will be reduced and the regional economic integration will be achieved.


AIM:To establish the methods of isolating and identifying the stem-cell-like hepatocytes from rat pulmonary metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma.METHODS:Rat model of hepatocellular carcinoma with pulmonary metastasis was established by diethylinitrosamine.Hepatocellular carcinoma cells from pulmonary metastasis were proliferated by tissue culture.Side population(SP)cells and non-side population cells were isolated from the cultured cells by Hoechst33342 staining with FACS and were followed by identification for the expression of tumor stem cell markers c-kit and Sca-1 with FACS.Soft agar clone formation assay was performed to determine the tumorigenesis capacity of SP and non-SP cells from hepatocarcinoma cells.RESULTS:The rat model of hepatocellular carcinoma with pulmonary metastasis was established and stable hepatocellular carcinoma cell line was harvested from the model.Side population cells accounted for 0.5% of the total pulmonary metastatic cells.c-kit and Sca-1 were highly expressed on SP cells,with the expression rate of 85% and 75% respectively in SP cells,and 8% and 3% respectively in non-SP cells.Soft agar clone formation rates were 69.90% and 15.25% respectively in SP and non-SP cells,showing that the tumorigenesis capacity of SP cells was higher than that of non-SP cells(P0.01).CONCLUSION:SP pulmonary metastasis hepatocellular carcinoma cells display the features of tumor stem cells.


Currently, web applications are the most common way to access companies' services and resources. However, since their appearance, they are known to contain vulnerabilities in their source code. These vulnerabilities, when exploited, can cause serious damage to organizations, such as the theft of millions of user credentials and access to confidential data. For this reason, accessing critical services, such as health care and financial services, with safe web applications is crucial to its well-functioning. Often, vulnerabilities are left in the source code unintentionally by programmers because they do not have the necessary knowledge about how to write secure code. On the other hand, programmers that use secure functions from the programming language in their applications, employing thus secure code, believe that their applications are protected. However, some of those functions do not invalidate all attacks, leaving applications vulnerable. This dissertation has two main objectives: to study the diverse types of web application vulnerabilities, namely different attacks that exploit them, and different forms to build secure code for invalidating such attacks, and to develop a tool capable of protecting PHP web applications by inserting small corrections in their source code. The proposed solution was evaluated with both artificial and real code and the results showed that it can insert safe corrections while maintaining the original behavior of the web applications in the vast majority of the cases, which is very encouraging.


Entities can act as collaboration transmitters for a legitimate signal in order to earn a time and space right to spectrum sensing, according to a new class of techniques is called Collective CRNS Channels that has awhile back been introduced with the advancement of Federated Dialogue and Device To device systems.In many published findings, the band market is emphasized, along with leased and trading in economical settings. Previous studies work on model, on the other hand, often assumed quiescent functions of relay nodes, ignoring the possibility that active intermediate nodes would not collaborate with the prime user owing to the presence of an airwaves market. In order to study a model termed, a Dynamic stochastic general game formulation of it is used in this research. In light of secondary users' logical preference for band rent over collaboration, we may highlight a number of intriguing model aspects. Our study demonstrates that integration of in the architecture of the future radio auction is unavoidable.


The spin splitting constant for the X 2Σ+ state of AlH+ is calculated to be γ0=0.058 cm−1. The favorable comparison of this result with experiment indicates that the uncertainty in the previously calculated spin splitting in MgH is likely to be of the order of a few percent. Calculations are presented of the so‐called core polarization contribution to the spin‐orbit coupling constant in the A 2Πr state of AlH+. Results are also given for MgH and SiH. Astronomical applications of such calculations are discussed and the abundances of aluminum‐bearing molecules in interstellar clouds are estimated.


Of one embodiment of a transmitter system 200, for example, include a power amplifier (206) for receiving a supply voltage 254 and supply current (234) from the power control / current detecting circuit 208. The transmitter system further comprises a power correction module 224 is configured to cause a change in the control voltage (242) for correcting the supply voltage to sample the supply current in response to a change in load impedance. Supply voltage is corrected to have a constant output power to the power amplifier substantially. Power compensation module is further configured to output a corrected peak voltage 232 determined by the average value of the supplied current. Transmitter system further comprises a configured to determine a control voltage from the product of the corrected peak voltage and the amplitude modulation component 238, and outputs a control voltage to the power control / current detection circuit predistortion module 216. Predistortion module, the load impedance, the look-up table, the peak voltage, the control voltage


A touch screen has one or more actuators to give haptic feedback to a user touching the screen. When the touch screen displays an on screen keyboard, the force of the feedback has two peaks. The peaks are seperated 10ms to 40ms. The second peak is three to four times wider than the first. The feedback may have a duration of 100ms. The same actuator may also give audio feedback, which may have a frequency of 800 Hz to 4 KHz. The audio signal may be localised on the screen at the point touched by the user. The feedback signal may be the sum of two exponential functions with different decay rates.


Thermoacoustic cooling technology has gained attention in the last few decades due its environmentally friendly system. The absence of any refrigerant and a compressor to generate cooling is indeed desirable but the performance to date has yet to attain a competitive magnitude. Significant cooling effects are still difficult to achieve possibly due to the design and fabrication of the stack, the heart of the thermoacoustic cooling system. The geometry, stack spacing and stack separation are important parameters that have been shown to greatly affect the thermoacoustic effects. In particular, experience with design, fabrication, and testing with parallel plate stack have proven that the final parallel stack product could make or fail the cooling effects. This paper reports a simulation study on the end effects of the parallel stack plate on the fluid flow and temperature patterns surrounding the stack. A two-plate parallel stack with negligible thickness is modeled and the system of Navier-Stokes equations is solved with finite difference method using a specifically developed MATLAB code. Plates with straight and slightly curved edges have been simulated, the latter have not been reported before. Results show that streamlines are much disturbed and vortices developed faster even with the slight tilt of the edges. These indicate that imperfectly fabricated parallel stack plates could be the cause of the failure to achieve the desired designed cooling effects.


This month's Directions in Discovery examines developments discussed at CE in the Pharmaceutical Industry, a symposium sponsored by the California Separation Science Society. Tim Wehr looks at the practical issues researchers face when applying capillary electrophoresis (CE) to the analysis of protein products. The symposium addressed CE applications in various aspects of drug development, including discovery, process development, and quality control.


In this paper, we develop an extension to a four-dimensional frame of reference for the classical Maxwell–Faraday equation by applying the method of directional derivatives.


Education and learning are widely recognized as essential to processes of development and poverty reduction. In many developing countries, issues of educational access, equity, and quality have been identified as prerequisites to the achievement of development goals. The objective of this study is, through reviewing the available evidences and analyses in the role of education in rural poverty reduction, to identify weaknesses pertinent to basic education achieving poverty reduction and to come out with some conclusions that can be taken into consideration in planning successful basic education for poverty reduction. The findings through focus group groups indicated that there are some rural structural barriers in educational system on rural poverty reduction. (Abrisham Aref, Perceived Impact of Education on Poverty Reduction in Rural Areas of Iran, Life Science Journal. 2011; 8(2):498-501) (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com


Performance analysis of power beacon-assisted D2D communication networks in the presence of eavesdropper and co-channel interference is presented is investigated. The outage probability and the intercept probability of the proposed system are analyzed and derived. The impact of the main system parameters on the system performance is investigated. The Monte Carlo simulation is used for verifying the correctness of the analytical section.


In this Symposium Essay, I analogize the American Law Institute's Restatement (Third) of Torts to "Web 2.0." The story of the Third Restatement and its progenitors bears a remarkable resemblance to the great technological revolution of the last century's end: the World Wide Web. Web. 1.0, the first generation of internet activity, treated users as passive. Web 2.0, by contrast, is organic and allowes user preferences to drive site development.Like Web 2.0, the Third Restatement embraces the "architecture of participation" in the development of tort law. Instead of a top-down approach, ala Web 1.0 and the Second Restatement of Torts, the Third Restatement's embrace of a flexible and open-ended formulation of key tort principles encourages judges and juries to play a participatory role in developing the law of torts.


Differentiating between serious bacterial infection and minor viral illness in febrile infants is often difficult. To date, no single laboratory test


In the article the actuality of study of quality of life is described as an integrative factor which influences the psychoemotional state of women in the period of pregnancy. According to the study methodology, the content of quality of life is disclosed in the indicators of physical and psychological components of health. By means of method of descriptive statistics and analysis of reliable differences general content is presented and specific features of quality of life in women in the period of the first, second and third trimesters of pregnancy are disclosed. It is found that from the first trimester to the third one the content of components of quality of life is characterized by increase of limitations in performing the physical load, improvement of general emotional state and increase of vital force and energy. Features of psychoemotional state of women in the period of the first, second and third trimesters of pregnancy are disclosed and described. It is revealed that the state of most women in every trimester of the pregnancy is characterized as a favourable one, however, in the first and last trimester for women a heightened anxiousness, lack of selfconfidence, rigidity, inability to satisfy their own needs are more typical than in the period of the second trimester of pregnancy. On the ground of results of the conducted correlational analysis the interrelationship of indicators of quality of life with indicators of psychoemotional state of pregnant women is shown and described, conditions of physical and psychological well-being in every trimester of pregnancy are identified. It was revealed that in the period of the first and second trimesters of pregnancy the conditions of physical and psychological well-being are as follows: readiness of women to respond flexibly in the new life situation, resistance towards failures, self-confidence and optimal level of anxiousness; in the period of the third trimester of pregnancy: feeling of well-being, positive mood, activity, resistance towards failures and self-confidence.


Coefficient of difference in 54 morphometric characters was studied using 258 Clarias species from Anambra river, Nigeria. There were no differences between C. ebriensis and C. albopunctatus for all the 54 characters studied. The coefficient of difference in morphometric characters of C. ebriensis vs. C. gariepinus indicated that about 90 % of C. ebriensis were significantly different from about 90 % of C. gariepinus in about 34 morphometric characters. Thirty seven differentiating morphometric characters occurred between C. ebriensis and C. anguillaris. Considering the discriminating characters between C. albopunctatus and C. gariepinus, 90 % of C. albopunctatus differed from 90 % of C. gariepinus in about 32 characters. Furthermore, about 90 % of C. albopunctatus differed from 90 % of C. anguillaris in about 35 characters. Differentiating of C. gariepinus from C. anguillaris based on the coefficient of difference was impossible for all the 54 characters studied. The coefficients of difference among all clariids studied were almost identical in 10 characters namely: maximum body depth, pectoral spine height, anal fin base length, inner mandibular barbel length, outer mandibular barbel length, maxillary barbel length, premaxillary teeth band depth, vomerine teeth band depth, prenasal length and nasal - nasal barbel space, with exception of C. ebriensis vs. C. albopunctatus and C. gariepinus vs. C. anguillaris. These characters thus represent "key characters" for differentiating between the "small" and "large" clariids.


Diazo-type positive photoresists are commonly used for pattern replication by the integrated circuit industry in a thickness range ≈ O.3-3μm. We are using these same resists at thicknesses as great as 40 μm to form electroplating molds for the fabrication of micro-Fresnel zone plates. Difficulties are encountered when films thicker than l5-18μm are used for pattern replication. Most significant of these difficulties are: i) the occurance of bulk microfractures throughout the resist volume, ii) loss of UV sensitivity, and iii) sidewall taper in high aspect ratio structures. These difficulties, with the exception of the sidewall taper, can be overcome with appropriate resist processing schedules.


The utility model discloses a core-adjusting-free wire and cable extruding machine head die, which comprises a machine head main body. The front portion of the machine head main body is provided with a die sleeve, a die core is slidably fittingly assembled inside the die sleeve, the tail portion of the machine head main body is provided with a shunt positioning body, and the shunt positioning body is connected with the die core. The core-adjusting-free wire and cable extruding machine head die is assembled inside the die sleeve before the die core is opened, and the assembling portion has a correcting area with certain length, thereby guaranteeing concentricity of a die orifice, leading thicknesses of plastics to be uniform when extruded from the die orifice, playing an adjusting-free function, and avoiding wire and cable material waste and loss due to eccentric adjustment. Simultaneously, the die sleeve is provided with two opposite die sleeve notches, the widths of the die sleeve notches are relatively small, and when utilizing a movable extruding machine to produce double-colored cables with specification identical with that of a common extruded double-colored cable, the lengths of the notches coated on cross sections of the cables can be increased greatly, thereby leading cable double-colored distribution coverage area to completely meet a standard requirement.


An extensive sampling program was conducted during 1982 and 1983 in northern Florida to identify the parasitoids and pathogens of larval Elasmopalpus lignosellus (Zeller). Orgilus elasmopalpi Meusebeck, Pristomerus spinator (F.), and Chelonus elasmopalpi McComb were each widespread and accounted for 98.6% of all larval parasitism. Stomatomyia floridensis Townsend and Cotesia sp. were collected less frequently. Predominant, widespread pathogens were a granulosis virus and Beauveria sp. A microsporidia was occasionally found infecting larval E. lignosellus. Mortality from parasitoids and pathogens was substantial during some E. lignosellus generations, frequently ranging between 20 and 30% for small and medium larvae. Larval mortality from parasitoids increased sequentially with each generation; total disease mortality was relatively constant for each generation. Percentage of larval mortality from parasitism was greater in grain sorghum, soybeans, and corn than in peanuts. However, total disease mortality to host larvae was approximately equivalent in each crop.


In this research, the flow around the autonomous underwater vehicles with symmetrical bodies is numerically investigated. Increasing the drag force in autonomous underwater vehicles increases the energy consumption and decreases the duration of underwater exploration and operations. Therefore, the main objective of this research is to decrease drag force with the change in geometry to reduce energy consumption. In this study, the decreasing or increasing trends of the drag force of axisymmetric bare hulls have been studied by making alterations in the curve equations and creating the optimal geometric shapes in terms of hydrodynamics for the noses and tails of autonomous underwater vehicles. The incompressible, three-dimensional, and steady Navier–Stokes equations have been used to simulate the flow. Also, k-ε Realizable with enhanced wall treatment was used for turbulence modeling. Validation results were acceptable with respect to the 3.6% and 1.4% difference with numerical and experimental results. The results showed that all the autonomous underwater vehicle hulls designed in this study, at an attack angle of 0°, had a lower drag force than the autonomous underwater vehicle hull used for validation except geometry no. 1. In addition, nose no. 3 has been selected as the best nose according to the lowest value of stagnation pressure, and also tail no. 3 has been chosen as the best tail due to the production of the lowest vortex. Therefore, geometry no. 5 has been designed using nose and tail no. 3. The comparison made here showed that the maximum drag reduction in geometry no. 5 was equal to 26%, and therefore, it has been selected as the best bare hull in terms of hydrodynamics.


To the problem of relative high cost of coal mining with backfilling and the characteristics of coal measure rock strata movement and its control,a new concept of the strip-filling was put forward,paste filling in partial goaf before roof collapse to form interval filling strip,the structure system of "filling strip-stata-primary-key stratum" was formed to control subsidence.The mechanism and applicability of the strip-filling were studied,the design principles of strip-filling were established and applied in researching of the strip-filling plan of one colliery.


This paper considers a bridge which can be used for the communication between the Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA) and the Distributed Computing Environment (DCE). A bridge can overcome the heterogeneity of different distributed middleware platforms. The key point in creating bridges is the design and implementation of the mapping function and interface definition language (IDL) translation, enabling communication between them. The main work addressed in this paper involves the design and implementation of a couple of technologies: the IDL translation tool which translates an existing DCE interface definition into an equivalent CORBA interface definition; and a bridge code generation tool which automatically generates a CORBA-to-DCE bridge, based on a DCE interface definition.


DC-DC converters convert power at one voltage level to power at another voltage level. They are widely used in switched mode power supplies, car auxiliary power supplies, servo motor drives and medical equipments. Because of the effect of parasitic elements, the output voltage and power transfer efficiency of all DC-DC converters are restricted. Luo converter, a new DC-DC converter which overcomes the effect of parasitic elements, is an example of a non-linear timevariant system. In positive output Luo converters, the input and output DC voltages are positive whereas the negative
output Luo converters provide negative output voltage for positive input voltage. Luo converters are also classified as selflift,
re-lift, triple-lift, quadruple-lift and super-lift converters
depending on the magnitude of boosting of output voltage. Conventional controllers cannot generally provide good dynamic performance for power electronic systems which are generally complex. Fuzzy controller works well for these systems. Hence this paper addresses the design and MATLAB simulation of a Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) for a negative output Luo re-lift converter. Tests for load regulation and line regulation are carried out using the discretized state-space models of the converter. The proposed FLC maintains the output voltage constant irrespective of line and load
disturbances.


Tolerance is not only a basic quality for people to face pluralism and diversity society,but also a necessity for construction of a harmonious society,and the need of pluralism value.Culture of tolerance awareness,elimination of tolerance misunderstanding,and the formation of tolerance awareness,require education.Tolerance education as the new theme of a pluralistic society,should be committed to foster the quality of people's tolerance,including the awareness of non-interference,respect,public sense,justice awareness and global vision.


Objective:To study the selecting therapeutic time of head acupuncure(HA) on neuroprotection in focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats.Method:Forty-eight rats were randomized into model(n=8),HA-2hR(n=8),HA-6hR(n=8),HA-12hR(n=8),HA-24hR(n=8)and HA-48hR(n=8)groups.The model was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion(MCAO/R)with suture method.HA was delivered to'Baihui'and'Qubin' through acupuncture needles 2hR,6hR,12hR,24Hr and 48hR respectively following MCAO/R,twice daily,continuously for 7 days.Functional neurological outcome was determined 1h and 7d after reperfusion.Infact volume was measured 7d after reperfusion.Results:In the HA groups,functional neurological outcomes and infact volumes were degraded distinctly in comparison with model group(P0.05).There was an evident differences between HA-48hR group and other four groups in functional neurological outcomes(P0.05).Among the HA groups,infact volumes of HA-2hR and HA-6hR were the most largest,while the infact volumes of HA-24hR and HA-48hR were the most smallest.Conclusion:HA reduced infarct size,improved functional neurological outcome and played the function of neuroprotection.When acupuncture treatment was administered in the early period of acute cerebral ischemia,the substantial significance could be found.


During the summer of 1989 the French submersible Nautile carried out a diving cruise on the North Fiji Basin ridge axis in the frame of the Starmer French-Japanese joint project. The diving sites were selected using the Seapso 3, Kaiyo 87, and Kaiyo 88 cruises Seabeam surveys. They are located around 17{degree}S in the axial graben at the northern end of the N15 ridge. The axis consists of an 18 km wide, N15 elongated dome cut by a 2 km wide axial graben. The elevation of the dome with respect to adjacent oceanic floor is 500-600 m. It culminates at less than 1,900 m, which is higher than a normal oceanic ridge. The axial graben width (2 km) is also unusual compared to oceanic ridge with intermediate spreading rates such as the EPR at 21{degree}N. Six Nautile dives have been devoted to the detailed exploration of the axial graben between 16{degree}58'S and 17{degree}00'S in order to locate the hydrothermal vents in the inferred most active part of the axial graben. A structural map has been established on the basis of dive observation. Between 17{degree}S and 16{degree}58'S, the axis shows a succession of N15-trending horsts and grabens paralleling the main orientationmore » of the ridge. Two main lateral grabens and a central graben can be recognized. The central graben shows remarkably constant width (200 m) and depth (2,000 m). It is bounded by two small horsts, few tens of meters wide. Observed tectonic features include N15 normal fault scarps and abundant open fissures with the same direction. The whole area is dusted with sediments indicating that volcanism was not active recently. Evidence of recent hydrothermal activity such as oxide staining, dead munch, dead chimney is abundant all along the central graben.« less


This article looks at the limitations of the 'algebraic imagination' in anthropology. Much recent work in anthropology focuses on 'social relations' as the prime focus of analysis. Whilst there is much to profit from such a stance, it is argued that the imagery of relations poses its own limits to anthropological exegesis. Relations have become the ontological language of social anthropology, thus constraining our analytical imaginaries. The article suggests a way of moving beyond the relational paradigm by opening the algebraic imagination to humanism, and proposes an analytic based on the 'proportional' scaling of biographical life-projects. Part of my argument is based on a critique of relationality based on an ethnography of 'translucent' historical agency amongst the nitrate mining communities of the Atacama Desert, Chile. I would like to start with a quote by Galileo Galilei. It is said that late in his life, when Galileo was bed-ridden by his blindness, he once remarked: 'I who enlarged the universe 100,000 times am now shrunk to the size of my body.' I have always been startled by the


U.S. and other publics perceive STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) fields as masculine and scientist as a male occupation, but Japanese public perception remains unstudied. Using an online survey, we identified keywords associated with physics, chemistry, mechanical engineering, information science, biology, and mathematics. A second online survey showed that the Japanese public perceived both keywords and fields as masculine. This trend was stronger in individuals with less egalitarian attitudes towards gender roles. We suggest that attitude towards gender roles contributes to the masculine image of science in Japan. Abstract


Multidimensional embedding is a technique useful for characterizing spectral signature relations in hyperspectral images. However, such images consist of disjoint similar spectral classes that are spatially sensitive, thus presenting challenges to existing graph embedding tools. Robust parameter estimation is often difficult when the image pixels contain several hundreds of bands. In addition, finding a corresponding high-quality lower dimensional coordinate system to map signature relations remains an open research question. We answer positively on these challenges by first proposing a combined kernel function of spatial and spectral information in computing neighborhood graphs. We further adapt a force field intuition from mechanics to develop a unifying nonlinear graph embedding framework. The generalized framework leads to novel unsupervised multidimensional artificial field embedding techniques that rely on the simple additive assumption of pair-dependent attraction and repulsion functions. The formulations capture long-range- and short-range-distance-related effects often associated with living organisms and help to establish algorithmic properties that mimic mutual behavior for the purpose of dimensionality reduction. In its application, the framework reveals strong relations to existing embedding techniques, and also highlights sources of weaknesses in such techniques. As part of evaluation, visualization, gradient field trajectories, and semisupervised classification experiments are conducted for image scenes acquired by multiple sensors at various spatial resolutions over different types of objects. The results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed embedding framework over various widely used methods.


Human albumin (HA) is currently the most expensive substitute for blood plasma and has been used since 1940 as part of volume expansion and resuscitation. HA preparations are administered as volume expander in numerous pathologic conditions, such as in the management of ascites and its complications in cirrhotic patients, in therapeutic plasma exchange, during major operations and in patients with burns, trauma, critical illness or sepsis. However, literature data indicate that HA use is rather empirical than evidence-based. The current review aims to summarize the published literature, enlightening the circumstances where HA infusion can be recommended as an appropriate volume expander and indicating the pathologic conditions where its administration is yet controversial.


The doctor-patient relationship is the core foundation for healing, care, establishment of trust and an essential part of modern-day medical ethics. In health care setting, trust and communication are labelled a tool for better patient care and patient satisfaction. The doctor patient relationship consists of the six C's: choice, competence, communication, compassion, continuity and no conflict of interest. All of the six C's are required for maintenance of this relationship. Since a long time, the doctor patient relationship has been of one to one communication. The last few decades have seen an exponential growth in the scientific component of the medical field which has led to a strain on this relationship. In this fast-paced resource limited environment, doctor-patient relationship is lost.


Human peripheral blood T‐cells mount vigorous proliferative responses to asexual stage parasites of P. falciparum regardless of whether the donor has been exposed to the parasite. Here using highly purified P. falciparum gametocytes we show that the same is also true for this stage of the parasite. Gametocytes, like immature trophozoites, preferentially activate CD4+ T cells. γδ T‐cell activation, commonly observed in response to mature schizonts or supernatants from asexual‐stage cultures, does not occur. Furthermore, the CD4+ T‐cell blasts stimulated by gametocytes show a similar pattern of T‐cell receptor variable region (TCRVβ) usage to those stimulated by asexual parasites and there is no preferential usage of TCRVβ elements. The CD4+ T‐cell precursor frequencies for gametocyte and asexual trophozoite responses are remarkably similar. 'Cross‐reactivity' of gametocyte and asexual stage responses was confirmed by selective depletion of cells responding to particular stages of the parasite using the cytostatic drug cytosine arabinoside (Ara‐C). These results suggest that the CD4+ T‐cell responses from malaria nonexposed donors are common to gametocytes and asexual trophozoites.


et al., 2005; Bassett et al., 2006). As the study of brain networks continues to expand, validation of network reproducibility is needed to substantiate findings. Excellent reproducibility of graph metrics has been reported for MEG (Deuker et al., 2009) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) networks (Vaessen et al., 2010). Although these results are promising, the use of fMRI is more ubiquitous, which makes it important to verify the reproducibility of fMRI-based brain networks. Graph metric reproducibility is essential for test–retest purposes. If network met-rics are significantly different from scan to scan, the statistical power of the measurement is greatly decreased, which can make network analysis unreliable. The focus of this paper is to evaluate the repro-ducibility of measured graph metrics between two fMRI runs. Network reproducibility was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) statistics to test the absolute agreement for mean and voxel-wise graph metrics. For voxel-wise reproducibility, various network statistics were compared at each node between two time points in the same set of subjects. Bland–Altman plots were also produced to test measurement reliability of mean graph metrics. Data for this study consists of 45 healthy older adults that participated in a separate experiment evaluating a cognitive training program (Mozolic et al., 2009, 2010). The age range of subjects was 65–75 with an average age of 69 (±3 SD) years. Demographics


Plants of Actinidia grown in open field have been analysed to assess the shape and chemical composition of oxalates and their deposition pattern in leaves. Oxalate crystals are present as raphides and styloids. The leaves of Actinidia initially showed idioblasts with raphides near the midveins, later on secondary veins and subsequently on trichomes on epidermic cells. Raphides are aligned parallel to the main axis of the idioblasts, which develop longitudinally in the leaves. The number of idioblasts and of raphides within each idioblast increases during the growing season. The idioblasts with styloids were located only in the mesophyll. The number of idioblasts with styloids showed no increase, while styloids showed a visible size increase over time. Idioblasts contain many raphides and generally one styloid. Microanalysis showed that crystals are chemically constituted by calcium oxalate near midveins, whereas in the other parts of the leaf they are constituted by calcium oxalate associated with potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, sulphur and chlorine.


Purpose
Career choices and selections are amongst the most important predictors of a person's perception of life satisfaction. Pursuing entrepreneurship as a career may arise as a result of psychological adaptation of career choices in addition to societal role specifications. Therefor, this study aims to provide an in-depth understanding of potential predictors which can intervene in the entrepreneurial intentions and its progression for an important group of the society.

Design/methodology/approach
Using semi-structured interviews, this qualitative study attempts to illuminate existing and emerging trends, barriers and future orientation of women entrepreneurs in Pakistan. Nvivo 12 was used for thematic analysis to drive specific themes of entrepreneurial regret in Pakistani women entrepreneurs.

Findings
The findings revealed multilevel themes influencing women's choices of entrepreneurship as a career, including intrinsic, extrinsic and interpersonal factors. All of these factors shared the feature of social segregation and socially developed role categorisation. The findings revealed that gender roles and segregation in societies play a significant role in influencing women's career choices.

Originality/value
Though similar narratives have been presented in previous studies in the context of career selection. This study, on the other hand, makes a unique contribution by identifying relative factors as determinants of regret and counterfactual thinking in Pakistan's socially constrained culture.


Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is the formation of blood clots in deep veins, commonly the leg veins and the
pelvic veins. DVT is a potentially fatal condition leading to increased mortality and morbidity if not
diagnosed and treated promptly.Incidence is more prevalent in 60- 65 years of age because of increased pro-coagulant factors
like factor VIII, factor VII, homocysteine, brinogen. With the increase in age the risk of DVT development increases
exponentially.All bed ridden patients should receive sequential compression device therapy as primary DVT prophylaxis in the
form of intermittent pneumatic compression device (IPCDs), graduated compression stocking (GCS), and the venous foot
pump.The pharmacological agents used in the prophylaxis of DVT include low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWH),
fondaparinux, Unfractionated heparin (UFH), new oral direct selective thrombin inhibitors and factor Xa inhibitors.The
complications of DVT include development of Pulmonary embolism (PE) , Paradoxical emboli, Recurrent DVT, Post thrombotic
syndrome. Approximately 4% individuals treated for DVT develop PE. It accounts for 10-12% mortality rate in hospitalized
patients.The prevention and treatment must be upgraded continuously with evidence base strategies. This article aims at
reviewing the clinical presentation, diagnostic and treatment modalities of DVT


Towards The NexT GeNeraTioN of CorporaTe eNviroNmeNTal maNaGemeNT iNformaTioN sysTems: whaT is There aNd whaT is missiNG? Today, environmental issues are frequently dealt with at corporate management level. The roots of this relatively new development can be traced back to the late 1980s. At that time, companies felt increasing pressure from international politics to internalize their impacts on the environment, drawing on the increasingly popular idea of sustainability which encompassed ecological, social, and economic aspects. The emergence of systems for voluntary eco-management, as e.g. EMAS or ISO 14001, further shifted the focus of environmental responsibility towards the companies, whereas the increasing number of environmental considerations that they had to face generally originated from company-external sources. In order to comply with environmental goals, a special category of information systems (IS) was created which is generally known as Corporate Environmental Management Information Systems (CEMIS). These systems were originally developed to meet a fairly restricted number of external environmental requirements. Nowadays, a large variety of highly specific, heterogeneous solutions for different environmental issues exists on the market. In spite of that, no truly integrative approach to the topic has been taken to date. In almost all cases where CEMIS contribute to the solution of large-scale problems, this happens at an operational level only. Although there are external factors that can make the introduction of environmental management financially beneficial (e.g. marketing, reduction of resource consumption), it is questionable whether individual CEMIS that exist only at operational level are able to meet complex environmental goals. Additionally, such isolated solutions usually come with all the problems that business informatics experts try to prevent by constructing integrated systems, as e.g. data redundancy, heterogeneous user interfaces, inefficient communication etc. Bearing this in mind, it is even more surprising to see that the mistakes of the early 1960s and 1970s are still being repeated, leaving companies with the high costs of integrating separate, outdated legacy systems. Considering the increasing public debate about a sustainable society, there is a growing demand on companies to go beyond a strict adherence to legal requirements. Instead of a mere response to external legislative demands, there is a clear call for companies to embrace active environmental protection. This does not only involve reducing unnecessary waste, but also improving the general efficiency of production processes in terms of production-integrated environmental protection, while at the same time satisfying the various stakeholders' needs. To achieve this, a …


Optical monitoring methods need to evolve from simple optical power and spectra measurements as transparent and all-optical networks begin to be deployed. End-to-end verification of signal integrity and definitive fault localization will need to be assured by in-network monitoring of the noise, jitter and distortion of optical channels affected by optical amplifier impairments, optical nonlinearities, chromatic dispersion, polarization dispersion, and local effects of filtering, crosstalk and multipath interference in network elements. Several novel measurement techniques are described, illustrating the opportunities ahead for advanced optical monitoring.


The invention relates to a fault detection method for a variable learning rate wavelet BP neural network of a blood type centrifugal machine. The method includes the steps of centrifugal machine vibration signal collection, wavelet transform denoising, wavelet packet transform feature extraction, variable learning rate wavelet BP neural network training and centrifugal machine fault type judgment. Power spectral density feature vectors of vibration signals of the blood type centrifugal machine can be effectively extracted through wavelet packet transformation, and fault types of the blood type centrifugal machine can be effectively recognized by inputting the power spectral density feature vectors into the variable learning rate wavelet BP neural network.