Much more primitive basalt (SiO2∼48.5%, FeO*/MgO∼0.90, Ni∼180 ppm, Cr∼490 ppm) than previously reported ones (SiO2>51.2%) of Sannome-gata volcano, northern Japan, is found from a new proximal outcrop. The basalt is nearly aphyric and contains olivine (Fo∼89) and clinopyroxene phenocrysts. Judging from Fe-Mg partitioning, these magnesian olivine phenocrysts can coexist with the basaltic magmas. Forsterite-NiO contents of olivine, and Fo (olivine)-Cr value (spinel) diagrams suggest that the basalts are nearly primary equilibriating with a mantle peridotite. On the other hand, the previously reported basatic rocks contain resorbed quartz and plagioclase phenocrysts with magnesian olivine phenocryst indicating that these rocks were formed by either assimilation or magma mixing with silicic materials (or magmas). Ratios of incompatible trace elements of these silicic materials are largely different from those of the primary basalt. Therefore, it should be noted that previously reported geochemical data of Sannome-gata basalt do not represent chemical characteristics of the primary magma.


The afterglow emission from gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) is usually interpreted as synchrotron radiation from relativistic electrons accelerated at the GRB external shock. We investigate the temporal decay of the afterglow emission at late times, when the bulk of the shock-accelerated electrons are non-relativistic (the "deep Newtonian phase," as denoted by Huang and Cheng). We assume that the electron spectrum in the deep Newtonian phase is a power-law distribution in momentum with slope p, as dictated by the theory of Fermi acceleration in non-relativistic shocks. For a uniform circumburst medium, the deep Newtonian phase begins at , where tST marks the transition of the blast wave to the non-relativistic, spherically symmetric Sedov–Taylor (ST) solution, and ϵe = 0.1 ϵe, −1 quantifies the amount of shock energy transferred to the electrons. For typical parameters, the deep Newtonian stage starts ∼0.5 to several years after the GRB. The radio flux in this phase decays as Fν∝t−3(p + 1)/10∝t−(0.9÷1.2), for a power-law slope 2 < p < 3. This is shallower than the scaling Fν∝t−3(5p − 7)/10∝t−(0.9÷2.4) derived by Frail et al., which only applies if the GRB shock is non-relativistic, but the electron distribution still peaks at ultra-relativistic energies (a regime that is relevant for a narrow time interval, and only if tDN ≳ tST, namely, ϵe ≳ 0.03). We discuss how the deep Newtonian phase can be reliably used for GRB calorimetry, and we comment on the good detection prospects of trans-relativistic blast waves at 0.1÷10 GHz with the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array and LOw-Frequency ARray.


The Federal Railroad Administration (FRA), U.S. Department of Transportation, administers, as one of its primary missions, a rail safety program for all railroad activities in the U.S. It's safety inspector force is located throughout the country and ensures that the government's minimum threshold safety regulations are followed. In order to be more responsive to the customer - the railroads - and their recent dynamic changes, yet insure the public at large that the rail system is safe, has required in a major overhaul of FRA's safety enforcement program. Furthermore, the tragic events of September 11, 2001, require further, close collaboration between FRA and the rail industry.


At the end of the 1960s a movement in Brazilian culture bloomed, it manifested itself in several sectors, such as visual arts, poetry, cinema and theater, with consequences and repercussions in the whole national panorama and the future of the own country's thinking. It was an avant-garde, culturally exuberant, original and inspiring movement, seen now as a cultural revolution: the tropicalism. The name was given after the installation "Tropicalia" exhibited by the artist Helio Oiticica in the Rio de Janeiro Museum of Modern Art in 1967 (Basualdo 2005). All happened in spite of the violent military dictatorship which has tortured, killed, exiled or repressed most of the local intelligentsia. Among the many references of tropicalism, one stood for its great importance: "The Anthropophagic Manifesto" written by Oswald de Andrade in 1928, as an echo of the seminal modernist week of art that happened in 1922 in Sao Paulo. De Andrade proclaimed anthropophagy as the basic principle for the construction of Brazilian identity, to devour myths and ideas that prevent this country from confronting its reality and inventing its history, to rethink its own cultural identity (de Andrade 1928). He evoked the history of the Caraiba tribe of Brazilian Indians who had the practice of eating enemies killed in their territory (Carneiro da Cunha 1992). The second Latin American Congress of Autoimmunity reminded us on the Latin-American scientific originality, quality, and also here, the existence of an improbable avant-garde in an underdeveloped country, better, in an underdeveloped continent; allowed us witness the "Anthropophagy" in science and medicine. For instance, shown in the heterodox thinking of the Brazilian immunologist Nelson Vaz, a tropicalistic scientist, who back in the 70s built up his identity through the anthropophagy of mainstream immunology and elaborated an original theory, The Conservative Physiology of the Immune System as can be seen in this issue. The innovative work of J-M Anaya and his group from Medellin, Colombia, investigating genes and polymorphisms, propose a new look into autoimmune diseases, finding common pathways, to clinically distinct entities. Rescuing rheumatic fever from neglect, L Guilherme and collaborators from Sao Paulo, Brazil showed us their struggle for an effective vaccine against this disease that still affects around 30 million of people around the (mainly underdeveloped) world. Also originally, Ana Faria from Belo Horizonte, Brazil had presented elucidating mechanisms on the still promising oral and nasal tolerance therapy for autoimmune as well as allergic diseases; she emphasized the "indirect effects" of oral tolerance as an alternative way to applying this therapy, as can be seen in her manuscript. Luis Javier-Jara from Mexico City, discussed the neuro-endocrine interactions in immune system, presenting his instigative data with autoimmune disease patients, reminding us on those fundamental aspects of autoimmunity as can be read in his work. Melanie Rodacki from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil showed new aspects on the autoimmune process of Type1 diabetes, revealing abnormal patterns of natural killer cells in collaboration with the Joslin


Ubiquitous data stream mining (UDSM) is the process of performing data analysis on mobile, embedded and ubiquitous devices. In many cases, a large volume of data can be mined for interesting and relevant information in a wide variety of applications. Data stream mining requires computationally intensive mining techniques to be applied in mobile environments constrained by analysis of a real‐time single pass with limited computational resources. Therefore, we have to ensure that the result is within the error tolerance range. In this paper, we suggest a method for a false‐negative approach based on the Chernoff bound for efficient analysis of the data stream. Hence, we consider the problem of approximating frequency counts for space‐efficient computation over data stream sliding windows. We show that a false‐negative approach allowing a controlled number of frequent itemsets to be missing from the output is a more promising solution for mining frequent itemsets from a ubiquitous data stream. These are simple to implement, and have provable quality, space, and time guarantees. The experimental results have shown that the proposed algorithms achieve a high accuracy of at least 99% and require a small execution time. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Management of drug for public needs is based on Minister of health in Republic Indonesia decisions Number 1121 Year 2008. One of the goals of drug management is to guarantee the availability of drugs. Inefficient management of drugs can lead to reduced levels of drug availability, drug vacancies, and the number of drugs that accumulate due to poor planning. This research aims to analyze the management of drugs in Pharmacy Installation of Lahat Department Health Services, which includes the process of planning, procurement, storage, distribution, deletion, and control, recording and reporting. This study used a qualitative approach. Data collection through in-depth interviews on 6 informant which consists of 2 implementing staff of Pharmacy Installation of Health Services and 2 drug managers at Puskesmas. Triangulation was done to head of pharmacy section and head of health service resources. Data analysis using content description analysis. Based on the results obtained that the Pharmacy Installation of Lahat Department Health Services in 2018 is experiencing the emptiness of the drug. Furthermore, the storage process is the preparation of drug stocks have not used the alphabetical system and the absence of a special cabinet for drugs class of narcotics. In addition to this system drug storage space is not sufficient enough to accommodate the stock of drugs that cause excessive accumulation of drug boxes. Inadequate facilities and infrastructure such as shelves, trolleys and human resources in the process of drug management. The general conclusion is that the management of drugs in the pharmacy installation of Lahat Department Health Services still not run in accordance with Kepmenkes RI No.1121 year 2008. It is expected that the Lahat Department Health Services can realize plans for the expansion of drug storage space, the addition of human resources, facilities and infrastructure and conduct training programs and seminars on drug management both for pharmacy staff of Health Services and at puskesmas.


Lithium-sulfur cells as a method of charging, the method comprising charging determining a discharge capacity (Q aQ And a, -, and after the filling of the discharge cycle (n + x), the method comprising charging up from (where x is an integer of 1 to 5), the same cell capacity (Q


We are interested in a numerical method for solving extended multifacility minimax location problems introduced by Drezner in 1991. For this purpose, we present some formulae of projections onto the epigraphs of the sum of powers of weighted norms and onto the epigraphs of gauges. By bringing the extended multifacility location problem into a form of an unconstrained optimization problem where its objective function is a sum of functions allows us then to use the parallel splitting algorithm in combination with the introduced projection formulae to solve this kind of location problems. Numerical experiments document the usefulness of our approach for the discussed location problems.


Angioectasias lesions are multiple and involve a wide range, gast rointestinal bleeding can occur repeatedly or stop spontaneously, mostly in the colon. We report the real-life case of gastrointestinal bleeding in the small intestine. Small intestinal angioectasias (SBAEs) is a common cause of obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (OGIB). Due to the limited means for small intestine examination, the source cannot be found and missed diagnosis, resulting in delayed treatment. The application of capsule endoscopy not only greatly improves the diagnosis yield but also helps clinicians to formulate the next treatment plan. It is recommended to perform capsule endoscopy for those patients with gastrointestinal bleeding who cannot be identified after conventional gastroenteroscopy.


During the processes of TFT‐LCD manufacturing, steps like visual inspection of panel surface defects still heavily rely on manual operations. As the manual inspection time of TFT‐LCD manufacturing could range from 4 hours to 1 day, the reliability of time forecasting is thus important for production planning, scheduling and customer response. This study would like to propose a practical and easy‐to‐implement prediction model through the approach of Bayesian networks for time estimation of manual operated procedures in TFT‐LCD manufacturing. Given the lack of prior knowledge about manual operation time, algorithms of necessary path condition and expectation‐maximization are used for structural learning and estimation of conditional probability distributions respectively. This study also applied Bayesian inference to evaluate the relationships between explanatory variables and manual operation time. With the empirical applications of this proposed forecasting model, approach of Bayesian networks demonstrate...


Whether personality differences exist between populations is a controversial question. Even though such differences can be measured, it is still not clear whether they are due to individual phenotypic responses to the environment or whether they have a genetic influence. In a population survey we compared the personality traits of inhabitants of an Italian archipelago (the three Egadi islands; N = 622) with those of the closest mainland population (Trapani area; N = 106) and we found that personality differences between small populations can be detected. Islanders scored significantly lower on the personality traits of openness to experience and extraversion and higher on conscientiousness. We suggest that these personality trait differences could be an adaptive response to a confined socio–environmental niche, genetically produced by a strong, non–random gene flow in the last 20–25 generations, rather than the flexible response of islanders to environmental variables. To test this hypothesis, we compared subsets of the islander population classified by ancestry, birthplace, immigration and emigration and found that differences in extraversion can be accounted for by gene flow, while openness to experience and conscientiousness can also be accounted for by some gene–environment interactions. We propose a Personality Gene Flow hypothesis suggesting that, in small isolated communities, whenever there is strong, non–random emigration, paired with weak and random immigration, we can expect rapid genetic personality change within the population. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Under high hydrostatic pressure combined with shear, the structure of polycrystalline ice breaks down into fine-grained material by a process of recrystallization. Accompanying this process is a substantial softening of the material. Measurements of activation energy at low strains prior to the breakdown of structure, at temperatures of –10 °C, show an increase of activation energy from about 80 kJ mol⁻¹ to about 120 kJ mol⁻¹ as the pressure increases, with values at about 70 MPa similar to those found by other researchers for temperatures between –10 and 0 °C. These results suggest that grain boundary effects might result in the increased strain rates. The various energies that might drive the subsequent recrystallization process have been investigated. The results suggest strongly that elastic strain energy is the driving force in the process.


Objective:Through investigate the changes of C-reactive protein (CRP),circulating immune complex (CIC) and complement C 3 in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease,we explored the relationship between the inflammation,immuneoreaction and coronary heart disease (CHD).Methods:The levels of CRP,CIC,C 3 were measured in 72 patients with CHD,confirmed by abnormal angiography and 28 patients with normal angiography,served as control (NCHD).72 CHD were subdivided into 3 groups:24 cases of stable angina pectoris (SAP),28 cases of unstable angina pectoris (UAP) and 20 cases of acute myocardial infarction (AMI).Results:The levels of CRP and CIC in CHD group were significantly higher than those in NCHD,but the levels of C 3 had no difference between CHD group and NCHD group.In SAP group, only the levels of CRP were higher than those in CHD.In UAP group,the levels of CRP and CIC were significantly higher,but the levels of C 3 had no changes. In AMI group, the concentrations of CRP,CIC and C 3 increased obviously.In CHD patients,CIC and C 3 were positively correlated with the levels of CRP.Furthermore,there was a positive relation between the degree of coronary artery stenosis and CRP and CIC concentrations (r=0 71,0 57,P0 05), but there was no relation between the degree of coronary artery stenosis and C 3.Conclusions:The levels of CRP,CIC and C 3 were increased gradually from SAP,UAP to AMI.There were tightly relations between them and degree of coronary artery stenosis.The results show that inflammation and abnormal immuneoreaction may play an important part in pathogenesis of CHD. The levels of CRP,CIC and C 3 may be used as indexes for the evaluation of the severity and prognosis of CHD.


With the further development of network culture,network culture has become increasingly prominent on architecturing the college students' values consciousness. Network culture is providing good environment for college students' all-round development,expanding the approaches of college students' beauty of morality,intelligence and physique,promoting the development of the college students' physical and mental health,promoting the cultivating college students' independent consciousness. At the same time,the western culture led standard deviation to the college students' consciousness of values,the heterogeneity of network culture resulted dislocation in the college students 'values,cultivating the college students 'healthy concept of ideology has become the time priority.


This paper is concerned with learning the technology and programming of industrial robots. A TAL TR-2 articulated robot is used in this paper. In this paper we are studying operation and programming of the robot manipulator and controller hardware by carrying out trials on TAL TR2 robot. The programming for this is been done with the help of teach pad in RobWin7 software. A set of trials are produced for pick and place application. This paper also contains study the mechanism of software control of the robot and various types of programming viz. manual, lead through programming. KeywordsArticulated Robot, Manipulator, Controller, Teach pad, RobWin7, Manual programming, Lead through programming.


We read with interest, the recent article entitled Diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging for acute pulmonary embolism: results of the ''IRM-EP'' study , published in the Journal of Thrombosis Haemostasis [1]. We agree with the authors that current MRI technology demonstrates high specificity and high sensitivity for proximal PE, but may demonstrate limited sensitivity for distal PE. Pulmonary embolism (PE) is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality and has the potential to masquerade as a variety of other common disorders [2,3]. We would like to specifically draw attention to the fact that compared with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a potential advantage of spiral computed tomography (CT) is its capability to provide concurrently high-quality images of mediastinum and lung parenchyma, and thus provides important additional diagnostic information (that may explain the patients signs and symptoms) in patients, proved not to have a PE. It is highly relevant to the clinician as approximately 60–70% of patients, with a clinically suspected PE, are proved not to have a PE after a series of diagnostic investigations [4]. Sodhi et al. [2] in their previous study found that in the patients with no evidence of a PE (PE), CT pulmonary angiography provided additional information (that suggested or confirmed alternate clinical diagnosis) in 75% of patients, which included pleural effusion, mediastinal or hilar lymphadenopathy, pneumonia/airspace consolidation, atelectasis/ collapse, aspergilloma, malignancy and others. They concluded that in a majority of patients who do not have PE, CT pulmonary angiography also provides important ancillary additional information and helps in making an alternative clinical diagnosis. This additional diagnostic information is usually not provided by other currently used screening modalities for PE for example V-P scintigraphy, Doppler USG and echocardiography. This represents a diagnostic advantage for spiral CT in these patients. Similar results were found by Kim et al. [5], who found additional finding on spiral CT in 67% of patients, without a PE (on spiral CT). We wish to emphasize this aspect of CT scan vis a vis MRI where MRI may not be the technically suitable investigation for evaluation of all lung parenchymal or mediastinal pathologies in these patients with a suspected pulmonary embolism.


At the present time, all over the world economy is influence with the rapid advancement in the field of Information Technology. In this modern age of technology, Information Technology is at the heart of today business. Presently, a customer is preferring self-service outlets and customers are looking towards alternate delivery channels and moving away from branch banking. The recent transformation in banking system helps to keep pace with a globally changing environment. Because of the environment changing in banks are challenging to achieve customer loyalty and for this reason, the banks are effective in introducing better performance and innovative services. The system of banking is shifting from traditional banking to electronic banking for better services. On this situation, an emergence of Electronic banking (E-banking) delivers an excellent opportunity for efficient services and promotes competitiveness to reach consumer demands through the progress in banking operation and routes to reduce overall banking expenses. In India, the banks are significantly gain from the Information technology revolution and it enabled to develop a complicated product, improved market infrastructure, implementation of suitable techniques for risk control. This paper studied the technology advancement in the Indian banking industry and views the existing operation of E-banking services.The study results exposed that Mobile banking and Internet banking are the most widely accepted and highly used delivery channel. The study seems that E-banking has good prospects for the banking industry.


For the closed string carrying 2 or 3 point-like masses the stability problem for central and linear rotational states is considered. This problem is important for applications of these model to describing baryons, glueballs or other exotic hadrons. The linear rotational state correspond to an uniform rotation of the system with rectilinear string segments, connecting massive points. The state is named "central" one, if there is a massive point at the rotational center. It is shown that the linear rotational states with 2 massive points are stable with respect to small disturbances. But the central rotational states with 3 masses are not stable, if the central mass it less than energy of the string with other massive points. This effect may change properties of excited hadron states, in particular, increase their width.


The utility model discloses a DC/DC converting device. The DC/DC converting device comprises a direct current input voltage; and a full-bridge circuit including a first branch line composed of a first change over switch and a fourth change over switch and a second branch line composed of a second change over switch and a third change over switch. The two ends of the first branch line and the second branch line are connected with the direct current input voltage. The DC/DC converting device further comprises a transformer including a primary winding and a secondary winding. The turn ratio of the primary winding to the secondary winding is n. The primary winding of the transformer is connected on the common point of each branch line of the full-bridge circuit. The DC/DC converting device also comprises a rectifying circuit connected on the secondary winding of the transformer so as to obtain a direct current output voltage; and a control device adjusting the magnitude of the direct current output voltage incessantly according to the magnitude of the direct current input voltage so as to make n times of the magnitude of the direct current output voltage close to the magnitude of the direct current input voltage.


Although long championed, a global language has not come to fruition despite considerable efforts. Many fear that such a language would undermine the particularistic, identity-constituting primary languages of local and national communities. These concerns can be addressed at least in part by utilizing a two-tiered approach in which efforts to protect primary languages are intensified at the same time that a global language is adopted as an additional language and not as a substitutive one. Although the U.N. or some other such global organization could, theoretically, choose a language to serve as the global language, English is already (and increasingly) occupying this position as a result of the colonial period and post-colonial developments. In this respect, English is compared to the development of the railroad system in the United States, which although introduced at considerable human costs by overpowering corporations, later became an integral part of the economy and society. Whether English should be adopted as a second language, or as a third or fourth one, is heavily influenced by the level of difficulty involved—the labor to fluency ratio—in acquiring a new language.


The management of public health has always been a very important content in every country, such as curbing the development of HIV or AIDS related diseases is an important link in promoting the healthy development of global health. However, there are still many deficiencies, especially under the influence of colonial culture. This study exploits the long-term effect of partition by two different colony authorities with using regression discontinuity design when the British and the French administrations divided the German Cameroon into their colony in 1919. Results indicated that the individuals knowledge level for preventing HIV/AIDS from the side of French is lower than the British side from 0.3% to 6%, the knowledge of avoiding injections is 4% higher from the side of French compared to the other side, and the refuse rate to take a blood test for HIV/AIDS from the French Cameroon is higher than the British side about 2.2%. This research argues that the effect from the force injection and ineffective treatment during the medical campaign in Cameroon has persisted through its impacts on mistrust of western medical services. Hence, clusters on the French side which exposed by the largest medical campaign had lower knowledge about preventing HIV/AIDS, more awareness against injections, and less trust in the medical services.


With respect to illustrations of ceremonies and feasts in the Safavid and Ottoman traditions, the theme includes particular features - especially the accentuation of the ruler, which within the actual event results from the presence of attending onlookers, these reflecting both the representation of a royal subject and the performance of ceremony. Even though this basic feature is shared by Safavid and autonomous Ottoman painting, the visual language of each relates to a distinct treatment of the theme. The Safavid painters follow the Persian miniature tradition accentuating architectural structures without any radical adaptation of the visual language to the particulars of theme. The accentuation of figures seems to be in contraposition to the traditional dominance of architecture, which establishes an adjacent ornamental structure within the painting. The Ottomans, on the other hand, apply an autonomous approach, consisting in the reformulation of traditional proportions between the architecture and figures within the depiction. The paper compares the visual language of the depictions of ceremonies and feasts in 16th-century Safavid and Ottoman miniature painting with respect to the shift in proportions between architecture and figures within the scope of the miniature. It also provides an exemplification of the transition from Persian visual language to the autonomous Ottoman approach when rendering the same theme.


The objective of the bachelor thesis "Educational Collection of
Fruits" is to create a collection of plant fruits that have
been preserved and dried and to make the photographic atlas to
be used as an educational tool for students and teachers of the
Department of Biology at the Faculty of Education at Masaryk
University.


Ultrafine-size structures of semiconductor have been developed to realize new devices based on quantum effects such as quantum wire (QW) lasers and electron diffraction transistors (EDT). For this purpose, a regrowth process is necessary to embed ultrafine-size structures of semiconductor in another type of semiconductor. However, exposing the wafers to the air before regrowth would cause the degradation of the regrown interface. Therefore, our group have studied how to reduce those degradation at the regrown interface even after the process of lithography. We carried out the regrowth of i-InP without any structures and reported that a preheating process in a pure hydrogen atmosphere with a (NH4)2Ss treatment was very effective to reduce the peak value of carrier concentration at the regrown interface from the CV measurment. However, it has not been clear whether we could dope without the reduction of carrier concentration or obtain a good regrown hetero-interface as we wanted when we applied this surface treatment to devices. In this letter, we report the improvement of the i-InP/nGaInAs regrown hetero-interface by a preheating process in a pure hydrogen atmosphere with a (NH&S, treatment as a surface treatment before the regrowth from measuring the I-V characteristics of diodes with regrown interface. The diodes used in this experiment were grown by OMVPE with horizontal reactor. We fabricated three types of diodes. One was the diode without regrown interface and the other two were the diodes with regrown interface at one side of the barrier. Designed structures and band diagrams for all diodes are equal and are shown in Fig.1. Figure 2 shows the fabrication process of these three types of diodes. The I-V characteristics were measured at 77K as shown in Fig.3. Curve(A) in Fig.3 shows a symmetric I-V characteristics which can be seen typically in a n-i-n diode and was obtained for almost all the diodes(A). However, as shown in Curve(B) of Fig.3 a symmetric I-V characteristics were not obtained at all without the surface treatment. The difference of the I-V characteristics between diodes(A) and (B) was observed when applied voltage was negative because the i-InP/n-GaInAs regrown interface worked as the barrier of diode as shown in Fig.1, whereas no difference wits observed when applied voltage was positive because another interface of the n-GaInAs/i-InP worked as the barrier. Curve(B) in Fig.3 indicated the characteristics of best sample(B) which had minimum current at negative bias. Most of samples(B) could not be observed even the I-V characteristics by the curve tracer due to the large leak current at negative bias. As can be seen in Fig.3, there is a big difference between diodes(B) and ( C ) , both of which had the regrown interface. Curve(C) in Fig.3 shows a nearly symmetric I-V characteristics and is very close to Curve(A), even though diodes(C) had the regrown interface. Moreover, Curve(C) was obtained for almost all the diodes(C).


As a new type of language expression, interactive translation is widely used in English, and based on the Internet of Things technology, text harmony and glyphs are combined for information exchange. This design adopts B/S mode to realize the relational query of document content. This paper adopts the B/S architecture mode to design, implement, and test its functional modules and related data analysis to provide a friendly interactive English translation system service to the user group. In this paper, the development of the Internet of Things information-assisted translation system mainly focuses on the semantic embedding and correlation analysis based on the Internet of Things as well as the realization of interactive functions. On this basis, an interactive English translation process based on corpus and text data sets is designed and completed. This method can not only effectively solve the problems of large amount of text and high difficulty of expression but also can make the translation more concise and clear to achieve the required expression effect of the original text. At the same time, the system can automatically perform statistical analysis on the translation results to verify the accuracy and completeness of the translation results, providing reference value for subsequent function implementation. In this paper, we mainly study the realization of interactive functions and propose solutions to its existing problems and deficiencies. The experimental results show that the average BLEU of the system in this paper is 0.985, which indicates that the translation quality of the system is good and the interaction with users is improved.


This paper summarizes the characteristics of CORBA and Enterprise JavaBean (EJB) specifications through an example , explains the EJB and CORBA interoperability techniques and the EJB to CORBA mapping. It includes the mapping of protocols (RMI-IIOP), and the mapping of services.The paper also gives the system model diagram for better understanding.


A neural network recognition and tracking system is proposed for classification of radar pulses in autonomous electronic support measure systems. Radar type information is combined with position-specific information from active emitters in a scene. Such a what-and-where fusion strategy is motivated by a similar subdivision of labor in the brain.


Abstract A new approach to Fault-Tolerant Control (FTC) of distributed and interconnected systems is proposed based on applying sliding mode control (SMC) to the subsystems of a level de-centralised and hierarchical scheme. The SMC approach involves a new optimal control strategy for the design of local sliding functions for the subsystem controllers, replacing the conventional approach based on constrained locally linear LQ receding horizon control. The linear SMC gains handle the reachability for the sliding surfaces and the interaction effects from subsystem interconnections as well as small fault effects (i.e. giving passive fault-tolerance), whilst the non-linear (discontinuous) SMC gains facilitate a powerful way of accounting for larger but bounded system non-linearities and faults and can fulfill the role of an active FTC scheme. The local and global performance constraints are retained and implemented under autonomous learning supervision via the interaction-prediction principle. The scheme for an Autonomous Control and Supervision System (ACSS) is described that is capable of learning its coordination function and carrying out fault-tolerant balancing of the distributed system. The paper describes how the two-level learning strategy offers advantages over single-level FTC distributed SMC. The design concepts are illustrated using a non-linear 3-tank liquid level and heating control system with component faults


A new waterborne coatings which used in the agricultural machinery was introduced.The preparation technology was elaborated in detail and the influence of the selection of additive,crosslinking agent and curing condition to the film performance were discussed.The waterborne coating with better performance compared with the solvent based paint.


We report a study of adsorption of binary mixtures of hard spheres of different sizes on a hard wall by using a version of density-functional theory, the Born-Green-Yvon (BGY) equation and Monte Carlo simulations. Following the BGY approach introduced by Fischer and Methfessel for single-component fluids, the proposed extension uses coarse-grained densities to approximate the contact values of pair distribution function of hard spheres. A procedure for evaluation of the coarse-grained densities, leading to an exact theory in one dimension, is proposed. The density-functional theory employed here, however, uses the Meister-Kroll and Groot approach. Comparisons of theoretical calculations with Monte Carlo simulations, as well as with previous theoretical predictions, have shown that density-functional theory reproduces the pseudo-experimental data accurately, even for extremely large size ratios of molecules of both species. The accuracy of the predictions of the BGY approach is less satisfactory, and for h...


The main aim of this study was to investigate and analyses the relationship between profitability and stock returns with regard to firm's Life Cycle and Industry Type of the companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange. To this aim, Return on Assets (ROA) was considered as the independent variable, the rate of firms' stock returns as the dependent variable, and the firm's Life Cycle and Industry Type as the control variables. In this study, the required data were collected during the time span of the years 2012 to 2017 and with regard to five industry, being chemical industry, food industry, inorganic nonmetal industry, pharmaceutical industry, and car industry. The results of investigating 111 companies showed that firm's Life Cycle and Industry Type were influential in the relationship between profitability and stock returns, leading to an increase in adjusted R 2 .


The control chart is a primary tool of judging whether a manufacturing process is in-control or not. Especially, the T2 control chart is known as a multivariate control chart that monitors a mean vector of several related quality characteristics. It is an important issue to identify which quality characteristics are responsible for out-of-control signal when a multivariate control chart signals. This paper considers a method of identifying quality characteristics responsible for out-of-control signal on operating the T2 control chart.


Recently, the family-friendly policy came up with changes in family perception with diverse family, problems with work and family balance, national crisis by the low fertility in Korea. The purpose of this study is to examine the awareness of family-friendly policy among Chungnam residents and to provide basic information for family policy making. The respondents of this study are 633 people living in Chungnam Province. The family-friendly policy is divided into two; work and family balance policy and policy for promoting family-friendly social environment. The major findings were as follows. First, the majority (80%) recognized family as decent group or group loving each other and the level of family healthiness was above the average. Second, 32.5% of the respondents had family members who needed care - mostly their parents and parents-in-law. The burden of housework and child rearing were major difficulties in balancing work and family among working women. Third, the awareness of necessity of two family-friendly policies was higher than the average. Forth, the awareness of family-friendly policies was different by age, sex, monthly family income and living areas of the respondent. In conclusion, we made some suggestions for family-friendly policy making


Aim of this paper is to develop an EMG based biofeedback system using a virtual reality platform which will help in gait rehabilitation. A low power multichannel EMG acquisition unit has been developed to acquire EMG of six different muscles of the lower limb. EMG from different channels are fused using Bayesian fusion technique and spurious data has been discarded. From the fused EMG data, we calculate different gait parameters like stride time, gait phase etc. Joint trajectory during a gait cycle is obtained, digitized and combined with the gait parameters acquired from EMG. Together they are fed to a VR human model. Just like a person walks, the same EMG and trajectory data being fed to the model, it walks too mimicking the gait of the user, with the same speed, thus providing biofeedback to the user. The system has massive application in gait rehabilitation for post-stroke patients, people suffering from cerebral palsy and other neuro muscular gait defects, amputees etc.


The present research aimed to study the fauna of adult califorideos in the areas of Cerrado and
Ciliary forest areas in the municipality of Codo,MA. Were hild eight collections, comprising
the months of October and December of 2015; and February, March, May and June 2016. Were
used 70 traps, of with 35 clicked in area Cerrado and with 35 in Ciliary forest. Traps remained
exposed in areas for 48 h. Within each of traps was, placed as bait 50 g lung bovine or 50 g of
viscus chicken. Were collected 9,732 specimens of califorideos in the two types of bait in the
two areas studied. Being these species represented by: Chloroprocta idioidea (RobineauDevoidy, 1830), Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann, 1819), Chrysomya megacephala
(Fabricius, 1794), Chrysomya putoria (Wiedemann, 1818), Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabricius,
1775), Hemilucilia benoisti (Seguy, 1925) e Lucilia eximia (Wiedemann, 1819). All species
were found in the two areas but H. benoisti, were found only in the area Cerrado. Chrysomya
albiceps and C. macellaria were the species more abundant. The area of ciliary forest was to
which presented the largest number of individuals listed, while the Cerrado was with greater
wealth of species. Were collected three exotic species, all belonging to the genus Chrysomya,
with C. albiceps and C. megacephala being among the most abundant species. Chrysomya
albiceps and C. macellaria were the unique species the most abundant in the Cerrado, while the
other species preferred by the ciliary forest. However, the test Variances Analysis showed that
the area collection and the king of bait not influenced the abundance of C. idioidea, C. albiceps,
C. megacephala, C. putoria, C. macellaria and L. eximia. The present study of califorideos that
can be used monitoring as to the prevention/conservation of areas Cerrado and Ciliary Forest
in the municipality from Codo, MA


The increased interest of Si 1-x Ge x /Si heterostructures for device applications requires a very good control of layer thickness and layer composition during the epitaxial growth process. In contrast with most of the characterization methods, Spectroscopic Ellipsometry (SE) allows a fast, in-line and non-destructive analysis, inclusive fast wafer mapping facilities. In this paper, the suitability of SE for the determination of both the Ge content and the thickness of epitaxial Si 1-x Ge x layers is demonstrated for Ge contents between 1 and 32%. The system we use is a small spot (30x30 μm 2 ) spectroscopic ellipsometer, which allows the characterization of Si 1-x Ge x layers grown in an isolation structure (Selective Epitaxial Growth), while this small window size prevents measurements by RBS. SE measurements were used in order to optimize the layer uniformity of a selective epitaxial Si 1-x Ge x growth process.


The large majority of the work published on firm investment is done in the neoclas-sical frame of a rational optimizing firm attempting to achieve optimal size. While this frame addresses one important consideration in firm investment, it has two important shortcomings that this paper will address. First, it doesn't have a clear interpretation of how the cash-flows are affecting the firm investment decisions. Second, the standard approach operates on an "average firm," which in fact is significantly different from a firm with modal investment behavior. This study employs a Bayesian quantile regression model that yields two significant results. First concerning the relative responsiveness of these two neglected factors, it determines that the firms with higher investment rates have higher responsiveness to the valuation ratio and lower responsiveness to the profit rate. Second and of broader political economic note, it finds a decline in the responsiveness of firm investment to these factors that is consistent with the widely discussed macroeconomic "secular stagnation" of the US economy, and within that consistency, that the decline varies across sectors, and is more pronounced in firms with higher investment rates.


References Church, N. S., and R. \I. Salt. 1952. Some effects of temperature on development and diapause in eggs of Melanoplus bfvittatus (Say) (Orthoptera: Acrididae). Canadian J . 2001. 30: 173-184. Rempel, J. G. 1951. A study of the embryology of Mamestra configurata (Walker) (Lepidoptera, Phalaenidae) . Canadian Ent. 83: 1-19. Spring Lin, A. C. Hodson, and A. Glenn Richards. In press. An analysis of threshold temperatures for the development of Oncopeltus and Tribolium eggs. Physiol. 2001.


The authors thank the study participants and staff of the CHS. This research was supported by Contracts HHSN2 68201200036C, HHSN268200800007C, N01HC55222, N01HC85079, N01HC85080, N01HC85081, N01HC85 082, N01HC85083, N01HC85086, and N01HC15103 and Grant U01HL080295 from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, with additional contribution from the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. Additional support was provided by R01AG023629 from the National Institute on Aging. A full list of principal CHS investigators and institutions can be found at CHSNHLBI.org. Dr. Flatt was supported by National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Award TL1TR000145. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. Conflict of Interest: The authors have no financial or any other kind of personal conflicts with this paper. Author Contributions: Flatt: preparation of manuscript, study management. Flatt, Rosso, Fowler, Longstreth, Aizenstein, Newman, Rosano: data analysis and interpretation. Newman, Longstreth, Rosano: study concept and design of study. Flatt, Rosso, Fowler, Longstreth, Schulz, Aizenstein, Newman, Rosano: revision of manuscript for intellectual content. Flatt, Rosso, Fowler, Longstreth, Schulz, Aizenstein, Newman, Rosano: final approval of version to be published. Sponsor's Role: None. REFERENCES


Objective. To substantiation an appropriate concentration of dimephosphon for evaluation of its effect on function of the injured spinal cord. Material and Methods. The experiment was carried out in 40 mongrel dogs divided in three groups. Spinal pathway conductivity was studied by transcranial magnetic stimulation of the brain motor cortex, and a state of the lumbosacral motoneurons by stimulation electromyography before and after spinal cord injury. Injured spinal cord specimens were histologically examined. In the third group of animals dimephosphon in a doze of 18.75 mg/kg was injected intravenously during 10 days after spinal cord injury. Results. In 90 % of animals of the third group transcranial stimulation produced motor responses in the anterior tibial muscles in one day after injury. Latent periods of motor responses did not definetely change, which evidenced for preservation of the spinal cord conduction. Dimephosphon reduced the quantity of reflectory reacting motorneurones in acute period of trauma, which is also confirmed by lesser potentiation of reflectory reaction value at high-frequency tetanization. Conclusion. Dimephosphon promotes the reparation and restoration of function of the injured spinal cord segments effecting the bloodstream and neuronal activity of the spinal cord.


In this paper, Markov chain is used to model the reproduction of the fixed finite population, and use binomial distribution to discuss the probability of gen inheritance between generations population genes and establish transfer matrix ,using conditional mathematics expect to obtain the probability of absorption at 0 and at 2N only depends on the initial fraction of A gene, and this also must be a fixation probability of gene A , and this conclusion is the same as the results of MATLAB simulation.


This paper considers a minimum mean-squared error (MMSE) single user adaptive receiver for the asynchronous direct-sequence code-division multiple-access (DS-CDMA) system, based on a gradient adaptive lattice (GAL) algorithm. Since the lattice predictor orthogonalizes the input signals this algorithm achieves a faster convergence rate than the transversal least-mean-square (LMS) algorithm. Moreover, a parallel interference cancellation (PIC) procedure is developed in order to increase the convergence performance, which further reduces the overhead introduced during the receiver's training period.


The possibility of describing the orthogonal factor rotation in terms of statistical moment based on squared factor loadings is discussed with the purpose of attaining simple structure type of answers and level contributions of rotated factors.In the first place, a short historical review of the analytical rotation approach based on squared factor loadings is presented and the characteristics of some methods of current use including the normal varimax, parsimax, and factor parsimony criteria are investigated. And it is shown mathematically that both the parsimax -which is advocated to be most recommendable when the definite number of factors is defined before rotation- and the factor parsimony criteria may have some inherent difficulties because of which they produce answers with high complexities. The empirical examples are presented in Table 1.Two kinds of generalized moments based on squared factor loadings are introduced. They are nΣj=1mΣi=1(aji2-1/mmΣi=1aji2)K (1) and mΣi=1nΣj=1(aji2-1/nnΣj=1aji2)K (2) where i (=1, 2, ……, m), j (=1, 2, ……, n), aji, and K refer to factor, test, rotated factor loadings, and positive integer except unity respectively, and more attention is paid on the formula (2) which is herein called the generalized moment with respect to factor column and its mathematical aspects are discussed.In the formula (2) with the values of 2 and 3 for K, the rotational angles in the single plane procedure can be obtained easily. The former case includes both the quartimax and the varimax criteria and the latter both the communality weighted quartimax and the skewmax ones which are herein developed.The normal skewmax criterion is shown to be most recommendable from the practical point of view and the possibility of improving the normal varimax solution is suggested with a numerical example of Table 2, in that the former criterion attains both simple structure type of answers and level contributions of factors more satisfactorily than the latter does. The formula for rotation angle is to be θ=1/4arctan2nΣj=1(B+C)(B-C)D/nΣj=1(B+C)((B-C)-D2) (3) where B=aj12-1/nnΣj=1aj12, C=aj22-1/nnΣj=1aj22, and D=2 (aj1aj2-1/nnΣj=1aj1aj2)Related miscellaneous topics are discussed and some needs for further studies are suggested from another line of approach.


Welcome to Fairie-ality.com For the first time ever, elusive fairie couturier Ellwand allows mortals a peek at his ethereal designs in Fairie-ality, a catalogue so spectacularly crafted it befits a fairie queen herself. Showcased are nearly 150 creations – including dresses, jackets, trousers, shoes, hats, and delicate unmentionables – fashioned wholly from feathers, flower petals, shells, seeds, and other materials from nature.


Clinical laboratories should strive to produce accurate results as much as possible. In the case of plasma glucose (PG) measurement, sources of preanalytical bias have been identified. In their recent letter, Carta et al. compared the performance of several specimen tubes that use blood acidification. Except for Venosafe tubes (Terumo Europe N.V., Leuven, Belgium), alternatives using citrate gave results that were significantly biased when compared to the reference. (The Venosafe tubes have been withdrawn from the market.) The reported results corroborate our previous data. We concluded that caution needs to be exercised in applying recommendations regarding the use of citrate in the light of the available experimental evidence on the performance of different tubes. We wish to highlight another point regarding the potential impact of the use of citrate on patient classification. In our experience, the percentage of outpatients with fasting PG 55.6mmol/L increased from approximately 25 to 45%, when Venosafe tubes replaced classical fluoride/oxalate tubes. Although expert groups recommended as urgent the introduction of citrate tubes, we still await the official position of professional groups representing clinical diabetes specialists regarding the decision limits that should be applied to fasting PG – should these be redefined when tubes are used that promptly inhibit in vitro glycolysis – or should they be maintained, so that more subjects at increased risk for diabetes will be identified earlier? This is not the only example where adoption of a novel approach to specimen collection in laboratory medicine has affected the results obtained, raising issues for decision limits. The effect of analytical and preanalytical changes on patient results requires that decision limits be reviewed, if patient expectations and even outcomes are not to be adversely affected. Current fasting PG cut-off points are derived from studies using sodium fluoride tubes. Thus, the decision limits used by physicians are based on data that were generated with approaches in collecting blood that were negatively biased. This applies to other clinical settings as well as diabetes diagnosis and management. For example, paediatricians measure PG during insulin tolerance test in children with suspected growth hormone deficiency. Decision limits for hypoglycaemia are likewise based on studies using sodium fluoride tubes. Revised blood collection procedures involving the use of citrate challenge these clinical criteria, putting into the normoglycaemic range subjects previously categorized as hypoglycaemic. Thus, it is essential that the clinical decision limits should be adjusted to ensure that patient care remains consistent despite the changes. Alternatively, clinicians must advise patients on the clinical improvement deriving from the change.


In previous studies (I), (II), based on the degeneration experiment using mostly dogs, we reported the new pathway which passed through the solitary tract at the level of the entrance of the rootlets of glossopharyngeal and vagal nerves and extended dorsally along the lateral border of the basal gray matter. In present study, we examined these fiber groups and their relation to the ascending pathways of the spiral cord using monkeys which are most closely related to man. Using 7 Japanese monkeys, the cuttings of the vagal nerve at the portions below nodose ganglion, between nodose and jugular ganglions and in the cranium, were performed. Furthermore, the contralateral anterolateral chordotomy and hemisection of the spinal cord were added to some of them at the thoracal and lumbal portions. Secondary degenerations were observed by Marchi's serial sections. In Japanese monkeys, there is no degeneration in the medulla subsequent to the infranodose section of vagal nerve. On the other hand, in the cutting of the vagal nerve at the portion between nodose and jugular ganglions, it was confirmed that new degenerative fiber groups similar to those of dogs appeared in the transverse and longitudinal sections. The degenerative fibers were also recognized in nearly similar degrees in the intracranial sections of the vagal rootlets. There was no direct relation between this pathway and the ascending pathways of the spinal cord.


: A total of 60 samples (30 poultry feed and 30 chicken liver samples) were collected randomly from some farms and localities in Beni-Suef Governorate in summer and winter seasons for monitoring my-cotoxin contamination condition in such farms. Samples were examined for aflatoxin and ochratoxin levels. All samples (poultry feed and chicken liver samples) were found contaminated with both mycotoxins. Concerning , poultry feed samples in summer, aflatoxin levels ranged from 1.10 to 65 ppb with mean of 8.79±4.11, one sample (6.66%) exceeded the permissible limit (20 ppb); While, ochratoxin levels ranged from 3.50 to 9.90 ppb with mean of 5.51±0.52, eight samples (53.33%) exceeded the permissible limit (5 ppb). In winter, aflatoxin levels ranged from 0.15 to 7.70 ppb with mean of 3.01±0.93, all samples were within the permissible limit (20 ppb); while, ochratoxin levels ranged from 2.50 to 11.90 ppb with mean of 4.55±0.70, four samples (26.66%) exceeded the permissible limit (5 ppb). Chicken liver samples were found contaminated with aflatoxin levels ranged from 0.51 to 6.52 ppb with mean of 2.15±0.72, all these levels were within FDA permissible limit (20 ppb); nine samples (30%) exceeded FAO permissible limits (4 ppb). While, ochratoxin levels ranged from 1.90 to 5.40 ppb with mean of 2.55±0.32, three samples


In software development, reuse improves software quality and productivity. And an object of reuse is software design and components. Software product line development is an approach to reusing software design. However, the approach cannot reccomends the design flexibly. Therefore, in the paper, we develop an automatic Unified Modeling Language(UML) diagram recommendation tool. When developer make UML diagram, this tool can retrieve and recommend UML diagrams similar to it automatically. In addition, we performed experimentation to show that this tool can recommend suitable UML diagrams.


Introduction: Primitive achondrites (IAB irons/winonaites; acapulcoites/lodranites; and brachinites) have chondritic compositions, but nonchondritic textures (from metamorphic through partially melted) [1]. Because of this, they offer a unique insight into the first stages of the differentiation process on asteroids. Acapulcoites and lodranites have textural and mineralogical evidence that they experienced varying amounts of partial melting during their history. They exhibit recrystallized textures. Acapulcoites typically have average grain sizes < 250μm, while lodranites are more coarse-grained (>300μm average grain size). The mineralogy is dominated by orthopyroxene and olivine followed by varying abundances of plagioclase, troilite, Fe-Ni metal, phosphates and chromite. Minor partial melting has been proposed for the acapulcoites based on their approximately chondritic abundances of plagioclase and troilite, the smaller grain size [2], and trace element compositions [3, 4]. Similar textural and chemical evidence indicates that Lodranites experienced higher degrees of partial melting [2,3,4]. The petrogenesis and formation history of the acapulcoite/lodranite parent body has been the topic of a number of recent abstracts and papers [5-9]. One of the main questions regarding the formation of the acapulcoites/lodranites is whether they experienced reduction during partial melting. In previous studies, we examined the thermodynamic properties of the winonaite/IAB group [10] and the acapulcoites [11]. In this study we look at these properties (closure temperature and oxygen fugacity) for the lodranites. Samples and Analytical Techniques: We examined two thin sections of Lodran (USNM 481-1, USNM 481-2), the type meteorite of the group. It is characterized by a course-grained, recrystallized texture [2, 12] and mineral compositions (Table 1) at the higher FeO-end of the range for acapulcoites. Minerals. Because of a lack of high-Ca pyroxene in the available sections, for this study we used chromite and olivine to determine oxygen fugacity. Chromite, although rare, exhibits two different morphologies that have different compositions (see below), as noted in a previous study of Lodran [13]. One type of chromite is found in association with metal and olivine and exhibits subhedral textures, while the other type of chromite is found as rounded blebs within olivine grains. Compositions. Mineral compositions for olivine and chromite (Table 1) were acquired with a Cameca SX-100 at The Natural History Museum. Operating conditions were 20kV accelerating voltage and 20nA beam current. Well-known minerals were used as standards and a company-supplied ZAF correction scheme was applied. Temperature and oxygen fugacity calculations. Closure temperature and oxygen fugacity were determined following the method described in [10]. In brief, we applied the olivine-chromite thermometer of [14]. Using these temperatures, oxygen fugacities were calculated based on the quartz-iron-fayalite buffer. The relevant buffer is expressed as follows:


The Big Picture According to contemporary linguistic research, currently there are nearly seven thousand languages in the world; it is believed that more than half of these will disappear in the next century. These languages are called «endangered languages», «sleeping languages», «tongues in agony», «moribund languages», etc. The vast majority of languages that fall into these categories are the indigenous languages. Therefore, it is essential to revitalize and document them to prevent thei...


To address the environmental changes associated with increasing levels of atmospheric CO2, a possibility of mineralizing CO2 with the species such as Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ ions that are already present in sea water was studied. A series of experiments conducted at temperatures in the range of 20 to 40 o C showed that the activation energy for the formation of nesquehonite (MgCO33H2O) is 64.6 kJ/mol. It was found that the activation energy barrier can be readily overcome by simple agitation and heating at slightly elevated temperatures, e.g., 40 o C. The kinetics of mineralization and the %Mg 2+ ion utilization varies depending on energy dissipation rate, temperature, pH, and NaCl concentration. The maximum Mg 2+ ion utilization achieved was 86%. Thermodynamic calculations were carried out to construct the species distribution diagrams, predict the pH of CO2 mineralization, and to predict %Mg ion utilization (or extraction) from sea water. To address the issues concerning the acidification of sea water during CO2 mineralization, spent solutions were treated with basic minerals such as limestone and olivine. It was found that in the presence of these minerals the pH rises to the pH of minimum solubility of the buffering mineral. The pH of minimum solubility of limestone is 8.3 and that of olivine is 8.6. Other means of pH neutralization were also discussed.


Networks of contracts serve mainly as a long-term form of organisation, both features being typically combined. This combination—the so-called organisational contract—is seen as a hybrid between market and firm. There are different explanations for its existence and two are particularly prominent. Williamson sees them as a governance device to cope with the problem of uncertainty of future events, namely in situations where one party has invested in a particular relationship more than the other and therefore is 'more dependent' on its continuance. Conversely, Powell sees them as a scenario where neither command nor anonymous exchange dominate, but mutual (often personalised) trust and reciprocity based on strong mutual knowledge of the partners are marked. These two explanations imply how fascinating the organisational contract may be for decision theory and the law. This chapter addresses the phenotype of (long-term) networks of contacts and sees a large variety of them ranging from rather standardised to highly tailor-made arrangements, which implies a heterogeneous basis for decision-making theories and their application. With respect to decision-making theories that are considered in the second section, the chapter takes a broad perspective. While it may be attractive to apply mainly one decision theory to the phenomenon, the chapter asks which decision theories might have particular explanatory value. Thus, a broader survey on a multifaceted compound of theories might be particularly suitable for the heterogeneous aspects of the phenomenon. The chapter also addresses the question of which repercussions the discussed decision theories might have in law.


NiO-YSZ /YSZ/ LSCF-YSZ tri-layer structure SOFC has been fabricated by tape casting and infiltration methods. Subsequently, polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectra measurement were carried out to evaluate cell performance at 850-700°C with varied steam content in hydrogen supplied to anode. At 800°C, open circuit voltage for 4% steam humidified hydrogen has reached 1.069V, along with power density of 831mW cm−2 at 0.7V. Furthermore, 500h of long-term durability test has been performed at 750°C in hydrogen atmosphere, as a consequence that a voltage degradation rate of 1.7%/kh has been measured.

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Increasing the residual water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) concentration in silage may improve the nutritional value but impair aerobic stability. Our aim was to determine whether the residual WSC concentration and aerobic stability of low dry-matter (<135 g kg−1) perennial ryegrass silage could be manipulated through the judicious use of additive and cultivar. Seven additive treatments, including three innovative treatments, were compared across four consecutive harvests of the cultivars AberDart (bred to accumulate high concentrations of herbage WSC) and Fennema (control). The standard of fermentation of silage ensiled without additive (untreated) ranged from very bad to excellent. Application of ammonium tetraformate, at 3 and 6 L t−1, or homofermentative lactic acid bacteria (LAB) alone had an inconsistent effect on the fermentation and aerobic stability, and negligible effect on residual WSC concentration. A mixture of Lactobacillus buchneri and homofermentative LAB was not an effective silage additive, producing generally poorly fermented silage. An antimicrobial mixture of sodium benzoate, sodium propionate, sodium nitrite and hexamethylenetetramine, applied at 2·5 and 5 L t−1, frequently improved the standard of fermentation, but the effects were subject to the application rate. The high application rate was the most effective additive evaluated at improving the fermentation and increasing residual WSC concentration and consistently produced silage of excellent standard of fermentation. However, the antimicrobial mixture was not effective at protecting against aerobic instability. The effects of additive treatment were largely inconsistent across cultivars. Overall, AberDart had a negligible effect on the silage fermentation, residual WSC concentration and aerobic stability compared with Fennema.


Sodium arsenite () was injected to the rat subcutaneously for the study of the acute toxicity of arsenite on hepatocytes, and the effects of pretreatment of arsenite and glutathione on the lethalty of the arsenite treated rats. Arsenite treated rat hepatocytes showed vacuolated cytosol and shrinked nuclear and expanded perinuclear space and cytoplasmic membrane whirl. Rats pretreated with BSO (L-Buthionine-SR-Sulfoximine), less survived than arsenite treated alone. It means that glutathione acts as a protecting agent against the arsenite. Subcutaneous sublethal dose (10mg/kg body weight) treatment was showed the protecting activity to lethality of lethal dose (15mg/kg body weight) treated rat. 10mg/kg body weight sublethal dose effects appeared in six hours intervals of between treatments.


Water samples were collected from five different locations ( Jimgbe, Gadumo, Ganaja, Adankolo and Old Market) along River Niger in Lokoja metropolis and analyzed microbiologically and physicochemically using standard methods. Susceptibility of isolated bacteria to commercial antibiotics was also assessed. The results showed that pH( at 25-27 0 C) ranged from 7.0 to 8.0, temperature ranged from 29 to 31 o C, chloride level ranged from 0.32 to 2.04 mg/ml, alkalinity ranged from 8.755 to 8.905 mg/ml, bicarbonate ranged from 1.933 to 2.010 mEq/l, turbidity ranged from 5 to 10 NTU, total solid ranged between 0.075 to 0.321 mg/ml, total suspended solid ranged between 0.002 to 0.180 mg/ml while total dissolved solid ranged between 0.023 to 0.420 mg/ml. The mean total viable count ranged from 2.0 to 4.0 x 10 5 CFU/ml while mean total coliform count ranged from 0 to 8.0 x 10 5 CFU/ml. The most probable number (MPN) count ranged from 1600 to ≥ 2400 MPN/100ml. Predominant bacteria isolated included Staphylococcus aureus, Baccilus sp, Klebsiella sp., Proteus sp., Enterobacter aerogenes, Eschericia coli Shigella dysenteriae, and Salmonella sp. The antibiogram carried out using the disc diffusion technique showed that Staphylococcus aureus was more sensitive to Erythromycin and least to Ampiclox, Baccilus sp most sensitive to Streptomycin and Rocephin and least to Ampiclox. Proteus sp, Salmonella sp, Enterobacter aerogenes and Klebsiella sp were highly sensitive to all antibiotics, Eschericia coli most sensitive to Ciprofloxacin and Gentamycin and resistant to others while Shigella dysenteriae were highly sensitive to Tarivid and resistant to Amoxacillin and Streptomycin. The resistance of Eschericia coli to 80% of the antibiotics tested is of public health concern. Keyword: Antibiogram, Physico-chemical Susceptibility, Resistant, River Niger


The physics of the different failure modes that limit the maximum avalanche capability during unclamped inductive switching (UIS) in punchthrough (PT) and not PT (NPT) insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) structures is analyzed in this paper. Both 3-D electrothermal numerical simulations and experimental evaluations support the theoretical analysis. Experimental results for UIS test show that, at low time duration (or inductance value) of the test, the UIS limit moves from energy limitation to current limitation. While the energy limitation is well known, the current-limited failures are less studied. In this paper, the current limit for UIS test is analyzed in detail, and the cause is attributed to a filamentary current conduction due to the presence of a negative differential resistance (NDR) region in the IC- VCE curve in breakdown. The filamentary current conduction locally increases the current density causing early device latch-up and possible device failure at a current much lower than the one dictated by energy limitations. The physical parameters that affect both the onset of NDR region and the failure current are discussed for both an NPT trench IGBT structure with a local lifetime control and a PT trench IGBT structure with a field-stop layer.


The oyster Crassostrea rivularis Gould (also known as Crassostrea ariakensisis) an important bivalve species cultured in southeastern China. Since 1992, these oysters have suffered high mortality during winter and spring. An intracellular rickettsia-like organism (RLOs) was proposed as the causative agent. In this study, RLOs were purified from the gill and digestive gland of dying oyster (C. rivularis Gould), and their 16S rDNA was amplified from the purified products. To eliminate non-specific bacterial 16S rDNA contamination, the cloned products of bacterial 16S rDNA from gill RLO were screened by the probes of bacterial 16S rDNA amplified from the digestive gland RLO. Finally, the five strongest hybridized dots were picked out and sequenced. The RLO's 16S rDNA sequence was reconfirmed and the pathogen was found only in epithelia cells by in situ hybridization (ISH) using specific probes. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis indicated the RLO bacterium found in oyster C. rivularis Gould was most similar to Piscirickettsia salmonis, and might be classified into the family of gamma proteobacteria. ABBREVIATIONS RLP: Rickettsia-Like Prokaryote; RLOs: Rickettsia-Like Organisms; ISH: in situ Hybridization; PBS: Phosphate-Buffered Saline; min: minutes; h: hours; TEM: Transmission Electron Microscopy; s: seconds; PCR: Polymerase Chain Reaction; SSPE: Saline Sodium Phosphate Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid; AP: Alkaline Phosphatase; DIG: Digoxin INTRODUCTION The oyster, Crassostrea rivularis Gould, also known as Crassostrea ariakensis, is one of the most economically important cultured species in southeastern China, especially in the Guangxi, Guangdong and Fujian provinces. With the large expansion of culturing, mass mortalities have occurred persistently and caused great economic loss since 1992 in the Guangdong province of China. Recent studies suggested oyster culture suffered from severe mortality caused by the pathogen Rickettsia-like organism (RLO) [1,2]. Rickettsias are Gram-negative bacteria, generally described as obligate intracellular pathogens, that have been reported in various fishes, crustaceans [3-15], and mollusks [1,16-20]. Since the first report by Harshbarger et al. in Mercenaria mercenaria, 1977 [21], many mollusk species have been reported to be infected with RLO, causing mortality and dramatic economic losses, such as the scallop, Pecten maximus [22]; the oyster Crassostrea virginia and the hard clam M. mercenaria [23]; the pearl oyster Pinctada fucata and Pinctada maximum [18,24]; the oyster C. rivularis [1]; the abalone Haliotis rufescens [25]; and the scallop Chlamys farreri (unpublished results). Although RLOs have been recognized as an important pathogen to aquatic organisms, studies have been carried out mostly on a morphological and pathological level, while few studies have identified them on the molecular level. In this paper, the RLO was purified from the infected oyster C. ariakensis, this bacterium might be classified as a member of gamma-proteobacteria by using 16S rDNA analysis and it is distantly related to Piscirickettsia salmonis by phylogenetic analysis. In situ-hybridization suggested that the pathogen is localized in oyster epithelia cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sample and processing The oyster, C. rivularis Gould, 2-3 years old, were collected from Hailing Bay in Yang Xi county, GuangDong province, China, in October 2004 when oyster deaths occurred in the field. The dying oysters were picked out, the bodies cross-sectioned Central Bringing Excellence in Open Access   Wu et al. (2017) Email: Ann Clin Cytol Pathol 3(2): 1056 (2017) 2/8 into 5mm thick piece just above the ventricle, and fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for pathogenic observation. The residual body was stored at -80 until used for RLO purification. RLO purification Infected gills and digestive glands were used for RLO purification using renografin density gradient centrifugation [26,27] as described previously with some modifications. Briefly, infected tissues were homogenized in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, pH7.4: Na2HPO4, 53.9mM; KH2PO4, 12.8mM; NaCl, 72.6mM) and centrifuged at 11000×g for 40 minutes (min) at 4 to remove the fat, then, the pellets were re-suspended in PBS, centrifuged at 700×g for 20 min at 4 and 1100×g for 10 min to remove cell debris. Subsequently, supernatant fluids were collected and recentrifuged at 11000×g for 40 min. The pellets were then used for density gradient centrifugation after being re-homogenized. About 300mg of the re-homogenized pellets were laid on the top layer of discontinuous renografin gradients (15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35% v/v from top to bottom in turn, each layer with about 5.5ml volume and 1.5 cm in depth) and centrifuged at 90,000×g for 2 hours (h) at 4 (Sorvall S80). The particles concentrated at the density interfaces of 20%-25% and 25%-30% were collected, diluted with 5 volumes of PBS, and re-centrifuged at 15000×g for 40 min. Finally, the pellets were diluted to a suitable suspension and stained with Uranyl Acetate and observed using JEOL transmission electron microscopes (TEM). RLO DNA extraction and 16S rDNA PCR amplification About 80mg granules purified from gills were used in DNA extraction, as well as granules purified from digestive glands. DNA was extracted according to the methods of Kellner-Cousin [28]. Briefly, purified RLOs were resuspended in TE buffer (TrisHCl 10 mM, EDTA 1mM, pH 8.0) and incubated for 20 min at 37 with lysozyme (1mg/ml). Then, sodium dodecyl sulfate and proteinase K were added to a final concentration of 0.5% and 100μg/ml respectively and the suspension was incubated at 55 for 3 h. Samples were extracted with phenol-chloroform (twice) and chloroform (once). Nucleic acids were precipitated with 100% ethanol, washed with 70% ethanol (twice), air-dried and dissolved in sterile distilled water. The universal bacterial PCR primers were derived from the highly conserved bacterial 16S region. The forward primer sequence is 5'-gcttaacacatgcaagtcg-3' (Escherichia coli 16S rDNA positions 39-57), the reverse primer sequence is 5'actaccgattccgacttca-3' (E. coli 16S rDNA positions 1322-1344). PCR was performed with 25μl reaction mixtures containing 1μl template DNA, 2.5μl 10×PCR buffer within Mg2+ (TaKaRa, Dalian, China), 1μl of 10mM each dNTPs, 0.8U Taq polymerase (TaKaRa), and 0.5μl each of 25mM universal bacterial 16S rDNA primers. The mixture was denatured at 94 for 2 min before amplification. The amplification profile consisted of 30 seconds (s) at 94, 30 s at 56 and 90 s at 72 cycled 30 times, with an additional 5 min at 72 following the final cycle using Thermal PX2 PCR amplifier (Thermal Ltd.). The PCR products were determined using 1.5% agarose gel electrophoresis and ethidium bromide staining. Expected PCR products (size ~1300bp) were collected from the agarose gel and cloned into a PMD-18T vector (Takara Inc.). Eliminating unwanted bacterial contamination To eliminate unwanted bacterial 16S contamination, the 16S fragment amplified from the oyster gill was screened using the probes from the fragments of digestive glands. Sixty-six of 16S fragments from the gill RLO were screened by probes from the digestive glands. The probes were labeled with biotin according to the instructions provided in DIG HIGH prime DNA labeling and Detection starter kit (Roche). The result was recorded by X-ray film (Koda). Molecular phylogenetic analysis The nucleotide sequences of the RLO 16S rDNA DQ123914.1 and DQ118733.1 have been blasted within the RDP_ SeqDescByOTU_tax_outline.txt. A total of 287 sequences from separate infected oysters with identity >=90% were selected. Then those sequences were further selected by OTU number, only those with OTU number >= 3 and with the best score were selected. The phylogenetic tree was made by MEGA 3.1 [29], with the Neighbor-Joining (NJ) Method. In situ hybridization Infected tissues were dissected and fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde in PBS (pH 7.4), dehydrated in an ascending ethanol series (50%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 100% v/v) for two times, followed by three washes in xylene, embedded in paraffin, sectioned at 5μm, mounted on APES-coated slides, and baked at 55 for 4 h. Then the section was deparaffinized in xylene and rehydrated in a reverse ethanol series. The rehydrated slides used for in situ hybridization were digested in 30 μg ml-1 Proteinase K solution (pH 8.0) under 37 for about 20 min before hybridization. Slides were then neutralized in 2× saline sodium phosphate ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (2×SSPE, pH 7.4) buffer for 10 min, and treated with prehybridization solution (0.5mg ml-1 salmon sperm DNA, 5×Denhardt's reagent, and 2×SSPE) in a moist chamber at 42 for 30 min. After the prehybridization, 100ng of the positive probes and the negative control (NC) probes were separately added onto two different slides and hybridized at 42 for about 16 h in the moist chamber. After hybridization, unbound probes were washed off with 2×SSPE, 1×SSPE, and 0.5×SSPE at 42. Finally, the slides were added into AP-conjugated (Alkaline phosphatase) anti-digoxin (DIG) antibody and detected by NBT/BCIP indication reagent. The specificity of assumed probe sequences chosen from highly variable regions of the RLO 16S rDNA sequence (GenBank accession number DQ123914) were confirmed by retrieving the sequence within the databases DDBJ-EMBL-GenBank using the BLASTn service. The probe was monolabeled with DIG and the sequence is DIG-5'-aggtagtctgtgaataatgggctactg-3' at the position from 402-427 in DQ123914. A NC probe was also implemented to monitor the experimental conditions. The NC probe sequence was DIG-5'-gggatgtaggttaataccttgcatctt-3' with a 12 nucleotides mismatch to the RLO sequence, but less than 12 nucleotides mismatch to other bacterial 16S rDNA sequences by NCBI BLAST database. Theory/calculation In this study, it is reported that the RLO bacterium found Central Bringing Excellence in Open Access   Wu et al. (


Phase coupling of laser array is capable to supply high coherent power with diffraction limited beams. Generally the far field pattern of such phase coupled arrays are made of several intensity peaks, the number and intensity of which depend on the geometrical design of the array. We could define the ratio (R) as the energy in the central lobe on the total energy emitted by the array.


Contents: This book is a critical analysis of Reinhold Niebuhr's books in the attempt to demonstrate that the problem of nihilism continues even as we come to the close of the twentieth century. It differs from all other books about Niebuhr's thought in that it delineates some of the critical problems remaining, despite the prominence of this prominent thinker.


Organizations seeking to improve operational efficiency, information security and cost savings pursue these goals by researching, selecting and implementing Content Management Systems.

Content Management Systems (CMS) have been around for several decades at the enterprise level, driven by the massive digitization of day to day business. Back office applications of CMS - manufacturing, order processing and finance - have matured, and the legacy software systems continue to evolve towards Front office capabilities for digital marketing and customer experience. At the same time, there has been a huge surge of competition among vendors and offerings, especially as acceptance of cloud-based platforms has advanced.

At the heart of all CMS systems, which go by dozens of acronyms as hundreds (if not thousands) of vendors seek to differentiate their products, is Digital Asset Management. DAM is the metadata engine that enables everything to be found - digitally, and quickly. The eponymous 'Google' search is the premier example of the everyday power of DAM.

No business, of course, wants its proprietary information to show up in a public search, and companies have policies and infrastructure to keep their business intelligence secure. This has a side effect, however, of silo-ing information and assets: when different departments have different access to infrastructure, there is only limited ability to search across the entire organization. In practice, workers tend to store files locally on hard drive, on their department's intranet, and collaborate via email and consumer cloud services like Drop Box. This results in a massive amount of duplication - of files, of searches, of work – and inefficiency.

DAM's core competencies of store, search and share go a long way towards increasing productivity and streamlining workflow bottlenecks. Digital search is a significant part of nearly every employee's workday; one study shows that employees spend about 19% of every week searching for information; another shows that a third of that search time is spent asking another employee for that information.

And when the assets involved are large file size digital media - photos, graphics, audio and video (which also need to be managed in a multitude of formats) - the impact on time and workflow increases enormously. Any company involved in creating these kinds of assets for delivery knows the painfulness of air date and deadline, as does every company with a mission-critical interest in reaching their customers with 'rich media' marketing.

Introducing DAM is complex, as it involves numerous stakeholders, creates new workflows, and can encounter resistance to adoption. Understanding the goals of the organization, and its employees' day to day workflows, is critical to successful planning and deployment of DAM. In the end, implementing DAM can increase productivity, and save companies time and money.


Background:The incidence of ischemic colitis tends to increase in recent years.The clinical manifestations of this disease are atypical,and the rates of complication,misdiagnosis and mortality are high.Aims:To summarize the clinical characteristics of ischemic colitis for improving its diagnosis and treatment.Methods:The clinical data including age,underlying disease,clinical manifestations,laboratory examinations,endoscopic features and treatment of 28 inpatients with ischemic colitis in The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from August 2005 to July 2010 were analyzed retrospectively.Results:Ischemic colitis was more prevalent in elderly females with cardiovascular diseases,and the onset of disease was often acute or subacute.The prominent clinical manifestation was abdominal pain,and most patients had positive fecal occult blood test.Mucosal erythema,erosion and ulceration were seen under colonoscopy.After treatment,the condition of patient was obviously ameliorated.Conclusions:When abdominal pain and bloody stools are seen in elderly patients with cardiovascular diseases,ischemic colitis should be considered.Colonoscopy should be performed to confirm the diagnosis and effective therapy is administered.


The electroanalytical sensing of linezolid (LIN) is explored utilising an electrochemical sensing platform based upon a multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)/bromocresol green (BCG) modified carbon paste electrode (MWCNT/BCG/CPE). Cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry, chronoamperometry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and scanning electron microscopy techniques are all used to characterise the properties of the electrochemical sensor. The synergetic effects of BCG and MWCNTs result in an electrocatalytic-type response providing a significantly improved electroanalytical response compared to a bare unmodified CPE. Additionally, the MWCNT/BCG/CPE sensing platform outperforms electrochemical sensors previously reported in the literature with a larger linear response and lower limit of detection. The MWCNT/BCG/CPE electrochemical sensing platform was evaluated towards the sensing of LIN where a linear range from 5.00 × 10−8 to 1.45 × 10−4 mol L−1 with a good linearity and high correlation (0.9968) was observed with the limits of detection and quantification found to correspond to 7.57 × 10−9 and 2.50 × 10−8 mol L−1 respectively. The proposed sensor was applied to the determination of LIN in the presence of cefixime trihydrate (CEF) which are both found in combined dose tablet formulations. The sensor was shown to be successfully applied to the determination of LIN in a pharmaceutical formulation and human urine and saliva samples with satisfactory recoveries. The proposed electrochemical sensing platform is simple and inexpensive and has the potential to be applied to clinical analysis, quality control and the routine determination of drugs in pharmaceutical formulations.


THE OBTAINING of a constant level of a compound in a body compartment is an essential preliminary to any study of the steady-state kinetic properties of the compound in relation to that compartment. The attaining of equilibrium conditions poses special difficulty in the case of metabolically active compounds and experimental methods have not been described. A reliable method would be of considerable value since it would allow the application of techniques for the study of steady-state transport to endogenous body compounds. These considerations prompted the design and trial of a number of procedures aiming at the production of constant levels of a metabolizable amino acid (L-phenylalanine) in cat plasma, and the results are reported here. Two of these designs involved parenteral administration of phenylalanine alone and failed to achieve their goal, whereas a third method combined phenylalanine administration with the use of a metabolic inhibitor, DL-p-chlorophenylalanine (pCPA) and consistently produced a steady-state, approx. 60-fold elevation of phenylalanine in plasma, as well as a reproducible, approx. 100-fold elevation in brain samples. These levels were reached less than 2 h after initiating intermittent intravenous infusion of the amino acid in animals pretreated with the inhibitor.


A planarized dual-linearly-polarized (dual-LP) antenna and an integrated dual-circularly-polarized (dual-CP) antenna are proposed in this letter. For the dual-LP antenna, two groups of dipoles are fed by two balun-included feed networks to achieve ±45° polarizations. The feed networks and the radiators are printed on two sides of a substrate, forming a fully planar structure. Taking advantage of its planar configuration, the dual-LP antenna is further integrated with a wideband coupler to realize dual-CP radiation. The coupler is bent and squeezed into the space between the radiators and the reflector, leading to a compact structure. Both the dual-LP antenna and the dual-CP antenna have very stable radiation performances across a wide operating band >66%.


....................................................................page 1 INTRODUCCIÓN...........................................................page 11 1. Antecedentes..............................................page 13 2. Moléculas y biomoléculas en fase gas.....page 15 2.1. Efecto exo-anomérico..............page 18 2.1. Edulcorantes artificiales..........page 20 2.1. Ácidos fenólicos........................page 23 2.1. Dipéptidos.................................page 25 3. Astrofísica molecular: moléculas del medio interestelar.......................................page 28 3.1. Moléculas prebióticas............page 30 3.1.1. Ácido acrílico....................page 33 3.1.2. Formato de vinilo............page 34 3.1.3. Metoxiamina....................page 35 3.1.4. N-metil hidroxilamina.....page 37 3.1.5. Cianuro de isopropilo......page 38 3.2. Precursores de aminoácidos..page 39 3.2.1. Aminoacetonitrilo............page 40 3.2.2. Glicinamida.......................page 41 3.2.3. Hidantoina........................page 43 4. Referencias....................................................page 44 EXPERIMENTAL METHODOLOGY...............................page 49 CHAPTER I. A structural expression of exo-anomeric effect................................................page 65 CHAPTER II. The sweet structures of D-sorbitol......page 79 CHAPTER III. Saccharine..............................................page 91 CHAPTER IV. The conformational map of phenolic acids..........................................................page 103 CHAPTER V. The role of amino acid side chains in stabilizing dipeptides: The laser ablation Fourier transform microwave spectrum of Ac-Val-NH2..........................page 115 CHAPTER VI. Waveguide CP-FTMW and millimeter wave spectra of s-cis and s-trans-acrylic acid................................................page 129 CHAPTER VII. Millimeter Wave Spectrum and Astronomical Search for Vinyl Formate................................................................page 143 CHAPTER VIII. The rotational spectrum of methoxyamine up to 480 GHz: a laboratory study and astronomical search....page 157 CHAPTER IX. Laboratory millimeter wave spectrum of N-methylhydroxylamine................................................page 175 CHAPTER X. A Comprehensive Rotational Study of Interstellar Iso-propyl Cyanide up to 480 GHz................................page 191 CHAPTER XI. Rotational Spectra in 29 Vibrationally Excited States of Insterstellar Aminoacetonitrile.....................................page 211 CHAPTER XII. The glycine precursor glycinamide caught in the gas phase: A laser-ablation jet-cooled rotational study...page 225 CHAPTER XIII. Laser ablated hydantoin: a high resolution rotational study..................................................................................page 235 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE TRENDS...........................page 247 APPENDIX: Supplementary information.......................page 255


Objective To survey the knowledge level,attitude and behaviors on AIDS among STD clinic clients and explore both health education and prevention procedures for AIDS control. Methods A total of 454 cases of outpatients were interviewed about the knowledge,attitude of AIDS and the AIDS related risk behaviors. Results Only 21.37% of all the patients answered all questions correctly;78.63% of all the participants learned AIDS knowledge from newspapers,magazines,television programs and internet but 82.16% of them to express that they prefer to studying the knowledge from teachers or medical workers only 7.39% of all reportedly used condoms all the time in sexual behaviors out of wedlock. Conclusion The knowledge of AIDS transmission and prevention among the STD clinic clients is not enough. The health education and counseling intervention should be provided by school and hospital for this population group to raise their consciousness about HIV infection pathway,the use of condoms and to reduce their risk behaviors and to stop AIDS spread. 


The synthetic compounds of Sb3+ ion-substituted lanthanide aluminum garnet doped with cerium powders have been prepared by solvothermal method at 230°C and then calcined at 1500°C. These particles have spherical morphology with an average size of about 2 μm, which indicates the good luminescent characteristics. Tb3(SbAl)Al3O12:Ce3+, and Gd3(SbGa)Al3O12:Ce3+ showed not only the red shift but also increased broadness with increased red to green ratio as compared with YAG:Ce3+ phosphor. The color coordination of Ce3+-doped Y3Al2Al3O12, Tb3(SbAl)Al3O12, and Gd3(SbGa)Al3O12 are (0.315, 0.341), (0.332, 0.331), and (0.337, 0.330), respectively. These results demonstrate that the possibility for the use of Tb3(SbAl)Al3O12 and Gd3(SbGa)Al3O12 phosphors to enhance the white light generation in the field of white light-emitting diodes.


Introduce the operating principle of the sun simulator,designed a optical system of the solar simulator which con- sists of ellipsoidal condenser,optical integrator,aperture,collimating lens,and calculated the collimating deviation. The imaging quality is good,meet the technical requirements.


A significant number of three-generation studies have now established that, when they grow up, children who are more aggressive tend to have children of their own who are more aggressive. The cross-generational continuity is undoubtedly the product of three factors: biological predispositions that are inherited by offspring, continuity in environment across generations, and social learning by the child. In this paper, we elaborate a model that takes into consideration all of these factors, and we apply it to data from a three-generation longitudinal study. The data show significant cross-generational continuity and, as the social learning model predicts, show that social cognitions mediate the relation between parent and child behavior.


In 《without words》,Zhang Jie has explored the ideal true love and soul split of the Chinese women for over twenty years.She traces the track of the women's soul variety of three generations and builds three spiritual homeland:Confuciarism,Buddhism,Taoist school.However,the soul graveyard formed by the three beliefs couldn't become heroine Wu Wei's temple to realise her ideal love.


Instream processing may substantially alter nutrient export from forested watersheds. This study tested how instream uptake of N and P were affected by successional differences in the accumulation of large wood and debris dams in a 66‐year chronosequence formed by five watersheds within the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest (HBEF), NH. Nutrient enrichment releases in summer 1998 were used to measure the uptake velocities of phosphate, nitrate and ammonium for five streams within HBEF, and results indicated that uptake of PO43− was closely associated with forest age. In 2004, we quantified volume and abundance of large wood in each stream to test whether large wood abundance could be linked to nitrate uptake as well as phosphate. The volume of instream wood increased with forest age, at an apparent rate of 0·03 m3 (100 m)−1 per year for these early to mid‐successional forests (r2 = 0.95); however, debris dam frequency did not. Instead, debris dam frequency, when controlled for stream size, followed a U‐shaped distribution, with high dam frequency in very young forests, low frequency in forests around 20–30 years of age and increasing dam frequency again as forests matured. Phosphate uptake velocity increased strongly with both forest age and large wood volume (r2 = 0·99; p < 0·001 in both cases); however, nitrate and ammonium uptake were not related to either factor. We attribute the positive relationship between phosphate uptake velocity and forest age/large wood volume to increased abiotic adsorption of phosphate by the inorganic sediments retained by wood. Nitrogen uptake in these streams is primarily biologically driven and did not vary predictably with these structural features of channels. We expect wood abundance to increase in HBEF streams as the forest matures, with a subsequent increase in stream phosphate uptake capacity. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Since the publication of Immanuel Kant's Critique of Pure Reason there has been a widespread anti-metaphysical attitude within theological circles. The Kantian critique presents a formidable challenge to Protestant and Catholic theology, as the Church's expression of faith is based on a particular "substance metaphysic", which is precisely what Kant and his followers claim to have refuted. In the past few decades, however, Catholic theologians such as Karl Rahner, Bernhard Welte, and Thomas Propper have attempted to reformulate the traditional expression of faith. This article presents the Christologies of these figures, in addition to those of other, more radical theologians like Hans Kung. Finally, in light of recent developments within ontology and exegesis, the question is raised of whether contemporary theology should not take traditional Christology more seriously.


This study investigates the prevalence of exposure to workplace bullying in a representative sample of 2539 Norwegian employees utilizing different measurement and estimation methods. The prevalence of workplace bullying varied from 2 to 14.3% depending on method of measurement and estimation. Latent class cluster analysis is concluded to give the most reliable estimate (6.8%). Compared to a similar Norwegian study published in 1996, the prevalence of self-reported victimization from bullying is considerably reduced; from 8.6% in the early 1990s to 4.6% in 2005. In the 1996 study, 4.6% labelled themselves as victims of severe bullying, the corresponding number being 2% in 2005.