Background. Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) patients often complain that they are more susceptible to acute mental fatigue. It is important to determine whether this is observed using objective tests of sustained attention and responding. Methods. Sixty-seven patients who fulfilled the criteria for CFS proposed by Sharpe et al. (1991) were compared with 126 matched healthy controls. Acute fatigue was assessed by comparing performance at the start and end of a lengthy test session and by examining changes over the course of individual tasks. Results. CFS patients showed impaired performance compared to the controls and these differences increased as the volunteers developed acute fatigue. In addition, differences between the two groups were larger at the end of the test session. Conclusions. The present results show that CFS patients are more susceptible to acute fatigue than healthy controls. This could reflect motor fatigue or an inability to compensate for fatigue with increased effort. This profile is consistent with previous research on fatigue and suggests that interpretation of certain aspects of CFS may be helped by considering it as the end point of a continuum of fatigue rather than a distinct disease. INTRODUCTION A number of syndromes have been described that refer to patients who present with the principal complaint of disabling fatigue. The term 'chronic fatigue syndrome' (CFS) is the most frequent name used lor these conditions, largely because it is descriptive and free from aetiological implications. Behavioural abnormalities are a common feature of CFS, with patients often reporting the following problems: mental fatigue; psychiatric symptoms such as depression; sleep disturbance; and impairments of attention, memory and psychomotor functioning. There is a general consensus that CFS patients do report more cognitive problems than controls. Smith (1991) compared 200 patients rAddress l'or correspondence: Prolessor Andrew P.SmiLh, Department of Experimental Psychology, University ol Bristol, I Woodland Road, Bristol BS8 lTN. and 100 healthy controls and found that the CFS patients reported more cognitive failures (measured using the cognitive failures questionnaire, Broadbent et al. 1982). Similarly, Smith ¿r al. (1993a) found that 84% of their sample of CFS patients complained of loss of concentration and 68 %o of memory problems. These results have been confirmed by considering problems associated with specific tasks (e.g. reading-Wearden & Appleby, 1997) and by asking about the extent to which the patients had to cease activities involving mental work (Wood et al. 1994). A different picture emerges when one considers results from studies using objective tests of mental functioning. Several studies have found subjective reports of cognitive impairments but little (if any) decrement on objective tests (Altay et al. 1990; Grafman et al. 1993; Ray et al. 1993; Wood et al. 1994). Other studies have found significant impairments, although


As conflicts and crises in Africa took a more complex turn in recent years, there has been a devastating upsurge of violence against women and girls. The abduction of 200 Chibok girls from a school in northern Nigeria by Boko Haram militants in April 2014 remains a tragic case in point. So has the sexual violence being used as a weapon of war in Cameroon, Chad, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), South Sudan and Sudan, among others.


This paper discusse the performance and portfolio strategy about investment fund through the regression analysis of SCL based on capital market theory. The results indicate that the extra rate of return to investment fund is better than to the average of the market.


Australia has received global plaudits for its superannuation guarantee, but while that is addressing the accumulation phase of people's lives, not so much is being done in terms of post-retirement planning. Post-retirement income was the topic for a session at the annual conference of the Investment Management Consultants Association.


The speed and quality of impromptu accompanists read music score directly influence play. The request of reading induce to for:"Quick" ,"Nicety","Advance"and"whole" four aspects. Based on the cognizant theories of reading, we may to carry on training including aspects such as enhancing eye technical ability, changing to read habit... etc.


Despite their well‐recognized importance in driving ocean physics and biology, submesoscale (diameter < Rossby radius of deformation) eddies have been extremely difficult to observe due to technical difficulties from both field and remote platforms. Here using novel satellite ocean color data products and modified algorithms, we address this challenge for the Florida Straits (22–28°N, 78–85°W). Between 2002 and 2018, while mesoscale eddies (radius >15 km) show strong seasonality with occurrence frequency decreasing from Lower Keys to Upper Keys, submesoscale eddies show little or no seasonality with high occurrence frequency restricted to 30–200‐m isobaths. The number of mesoscale eddies decreases exponentially in size, but submesoscale eddies show a normal distribution in size. These findings are significant in filling our knowledge gap in submesoscale eddies in this physically and ecologically important region as it encompasses world‐renowned coral reefs, seagrasses, and fisheries.


Video based facial expression recognition has been a long standing issue and pulled in developing consideration as of late. Thekey to a fruitful facial expression recognition framework is to abuse the possibilities of varying media modalities and plan vigorous featuresto successfully portray the facial appearance and setup changes caused by facial movements. We propose an effectiveframework to address this issue in this paper. In our investigation, both visual modalities (confront pictures) and sound modalities (discourse) areutilized. Another feature descriptor called Histogram of Oriented Gradients from Three Orthogonal Planes (HOG-TOP) is proposed toextract dynamic surfaces from video successions to portray facial appearance changes. Furthermore, another viable geometric featurederived from the warp change of facial points of interest is proposed to catch facial design changes. In addition, the part ofaudio modalities on recognition is likewise investigated in our examination. We connected the multiple feature fusion to handle the video-based facialexpression recognition issue under lab-controlled condition and in the wild, individually. Examinations directed on the extendedKohn-Kanada (CK+) database and the Acted Facial Expression in Wild (AFEW) 4.0 database demonstrate that our approach is hearty indealing with video-based facial expression recognition issue under lab-controlled condition and in the wild contrasted and theother best in class techniques.


This resource guide covers print and online resources for legal and Mormon history during the Utah Territorial era (1847-1896). Legal History Papers by BYU Law Students


Herein, the chloride ion transport inhibitors in an amount sufficient to treat diarrhea, it by administering to a patient in need of a method for treating diarrhea is provided. For the treatment of diarrhea, as well as diarrhea, pain associated with diarrhea, is also included in the treatment of abdominal discomfort and other symptoms. In one embodiment, the chloride ion transport inhibitor is crofelemer.


painting, Freud's unconscious, and Einstein's relativity all relocate the world of objects in our imagination. The desire to tag each name with a word or phrase that denotes some crucial discovery too often leads to rather sweeping generalizations, for example, that the Dreyfus affair was state suicide and so resembled the rage for suicide among individual avant-garde artists. Or that by 1900 all the various artistic avant-gardes had set themselves against all of the nineteenth century's claims to progress. In keeping with his use of avant-garde to refer to moments of individual discovery rather than to social groups or movements, Karl supports this latter claim by invoking a list of names with their associated tags (for example, Durkheim and "suicide," Freud and "unconscious" and "dreams," Marx and "alienation," Yeats and "imagism," and so on). What such attempts to write a history of great moments cannot easily account for, however, is the complexity of a figure such as Freud, who was both an iconoclast and a true believer in nineteenth-century scientific rationality.


The site selection to place solid wastes is subject to several environmental, operational and economical constraints. In Sao Paulo State, a possible reception unit is usually evaluated by the environmental company Cetesb, which has remarked on the quality and efficiency of a landfill through a quality index namely IQR. This paper, with the help of optimization mathematical models coded in GAMS language, seeks to evaluate the best places for the sanitary landfills and the best flow of wastes between selected cities in Sao Paulo State. From the results obtained, the optimal solution was regarding sites with best IQRs, but implying higher expenses because not all the cities would have areas with adequate environmental conditions to put their wastes, making them to send the wastes to other remote places.


The digital campus and interactive modeling production method are analyzed,a free,automatic roaming,campus navigation and information management functions such as digital campus using the VRP-Platform are established as Northeastern University campus.And some of the issues are discussed.


ABSTRACT The purpose of this paper was to review some of the empirical literature on children's play behavior with anatomically detailed (A/D) dolls. The results generally show that play with the A/D dolls is not traumatizing nor do the dolls elicit sexual fantasies or sexualized play behavior among children who are assumed to not have a history of sexual abuse. Generally children referred for assessment of sexual abuse demonstrated more sexualized play than Non-Referred children although there were considerable variations in the magnitude of the differences across studies as well as what constitutes sexualized play. The limitations of existing studies are reviewed and suggestions for future research are presented. Also, the research studies reviewed may not reflect clinical use of the dolls; therefore, any generalizations need to be addressed cautiously.


Due to the increasing of fuel price, a new approach for the vehicle propulsion system needs to be developed. One of the approaches is by applying an electric motor in the vehicle propulsion unit. A new in-wheel electric motor is designed using finite element software Opera2D. This electric motor is intended to be applied for a small electric vehicle with a maximum speed up to 60 km/h. The electric motor is directly connected to the wheel of the electric vehicle. The total mass of electric vehicle is about 200 kg and the electrical power is fully supplied by rechargeable batteries. The proposed motor is based on the radial technology and one types of motor are developed i.e. Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) with different value of motor parameters. The better motor design will be implemented in the small electric vehicle. The torque, speed, and power of the developed electric motor are simulated using Opera2D after the actual electric motor dimension is created in the Opera2D. After the simulated results are obtained, then the next phase is to fabricate the actual motor using laminated steel iron, permanent magnet, and coils.


At the end of the assembling this Special Issue in August 2021, the 11 of its kind, it is not yet clear whether the worldwide use of the designation COVID-19 is appropriate. There are some indications that the first cases of the new type of coronavirus may have occurred before 2019 and, more importantly, it is not known whether this deadly disease affects calendar years 2020 and 2021 or whether 2022 will be a pandemic year, too. All we know for sure is that when the WHO declared the outbreak a Public Health Emergency of International Concern on 30 January 2020, no one thought that it would hit the economies of every country on Earth hard. The medical problem initially appeared to have only a public health dimension. There is a famous phrase in Marx's Capital that all macroeconomists, regardless of their worldview, have always regarded as trivial: "Whatever the form of the process of production in a society, it must be a continuous process, must continue to go periodically through the same phases. A society can no more cease to produce than it can cease to consume. When viewed, therefore, as a connected whole, and as flowing on with incessant renewal, every social process of production is, at the same time, a process of reproduction." That in peacetime the governments of most countries in the world would be willing to halt production by administrative fiat – that is, with the deliberate intention of reducing GDP and increasing unemployment – was utterly inconceivable.


We use Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array CO (2–1) observations of six low-redshift Palomar-Green quasars to study the distribution and kinematics of the molecular gas of their host galaxies at kiloparsec-scale resolution. While the molecular gas content, molecular gas fraction, and star formation rates are similar to those of nearby massive, star-forming galaxies, the quasar host galaxies possess exceptionally compact, disky molecular gas distributions with a median half-light radius of 1.8 kpc and molecular gas mass surface densities ≳22 M ⊙ pc−2. While the overall velocity field of the molecular gas is dominated by regular rotation out to large radii, with ratio of rotation velocity to velocity dispersion ≳9, the nuclear region displays substantial kinematic complexity associated with small-scale substructure in the gas distribution. A tilted-ring analysis reveals that the kinematic and photometric position angles are misaligned on average by ∼ 34° ± 26° and provides evidence of kinematic twisting. These observations provide tantalizing clues to the detailed physical conditions of the circumnuclear environments of actively accreting supermassive black holes.


We compared the outcomes and adverse events of TAVI patients based on the discharge and long‐term antiplatelet or anticoagulant treatment regimens (single antiplatelet [SAPT] vs. dual antiplatelet [DAPT] vs. anticoagulation [OAC] vs. no treatment [NT]).


The software package of activity and interaction parameter in alloy systems was developed with both the recommendation values edited by Japan Society for the Promotion of Science and the predicted values of Ding Xueyong's model calculation, which can supply the user the wide interaction parameters and can calculate the activity coefficient and activity for almostany element.


Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Nontuberculous Mycobacteria usually cause infection in tuberculous lymphadenitis. To improve accuracy of the detection MTB and NTM bacteria it is necessary to select valid methods. This study aims to compare validity of diagnostic methods from FNAB specimens for determining tuberculous lymphadenitis patients. a descriptive observational laboratory study involved 35 samples were obtained from tuberculous lymphadenitis patients in Dr. Soetomo Hospital Surabaya East Java. All specimens examined Ziehl-Neelsen staining microscopy, Xpert MTB/RIF , culture method Middlebrook7H10 solid media and  MGIT as Gold standard. Identification of MTB dan NTM with SD Bioline TB Ag MPT64 and niacin paper strip BD . Used diagnostic test 2x2 to analyze sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value and positive predictive value. Ziehl-Neelsen staining microscopy Sensitivity 83,33 %  and Specificity 95,65% of  , PPV  90,91%and NPV 91,67%, Diagnostic Accuracy 91,43 % . Xpert MTB/RIF Sensitivity 75% and Specificity 95,65% , PPV  90 % and NPV 88 %, Diagnostic Accuracy 88,57 % with 95% CI (Confidence Interval ) . Characteristics female dominated 23/35 (65.7%) while Male numbered 12/35 (34.3%), age range distribution of TB lymphadenitis patients is highest in young adults 17 years to 25 years as many as 15/35 (42.9%) the second highest is the age group of 36 years to 45 years by 8/35 (22.9%), Clinicial presentation are mostly lymph node enlargement in cervical  37% patients other locations supraclavicular ,mamae. Clinical symptoms mostly lymphadenopathy 31,5% and other lymphadenopathy with fever. Microscopy method still have the good validity shoul be conjunction with the  molecular rapid tests and culture as gold standard in determining the diagnosis of TB lymphadenitis.


: An excellent hydrologic record on sagebrush range-land has been developed at the Reynolds Creek Experimental Watershed in southwestern Idaho. The objectives of this paper were two-fold: (1) to analyze and describe the hydrologic record (8–18 years) from four sagebrush watersheds (1–83 ha); and (2) to evaluate the hydrology component of SPUR, a comprehensive rangeland model. The watersheds represent a gradient in elevation (1180–1658 m) and precipitation (240–350 mm/yr). Runoff was a small fraction (> 2 percent) of the total water budget for all of the watersheds. It occurred very infrequently at the three lower elevation watersheds: Summit, Flats, and Nancy Gulch. At Lower Sheep, the highest elevation watershed, runoff occurred most years for a period of 1 to 17 weeks in the winter. Frozen soil combined with rainfall or snowmelt was associated with most of the runoff from Flats and Nancy Gulch. At Summit summertime thunderstorms produced all of the runoff. The average annual sediment yield from all of the watersheds was low (17–950 kg/ha). It was highest from Summit, which had well developed alluvial channels and very steep slopes. SPUR was able to simulate runoff with reasonable accuracy only at Summit, where frozen soils were not a factor. There was poor correlation between predicted and actual annual 8ediment loss. The model tended to overpredict evapotranspiration early in the growing season and underpredict it in the late summer.


This paper relates the purpose,significance of the thesis on water resources in the development of construction project and elaborates the main parts of the demonstration reports on water resources,including surface water resources,water quality,water amount,the condition of development,rationalization of intake and the effect of returning water,taking the third phase of extention of Huaneng Hegang Electric Station as an example.The demonstration offers a scientific,feur,reasonable poticy-decision support for the application of administrative examination and approval of water intake.


1. The effects of denervation of the cat's sweat glands on their responsiveness to adrenaline, nicotine and mecholyl were studied by measuring the minimum effective concentrations of these agents for eliciting the sweat responses when injected subcutaneously into the foot-pads. 2. The sensitivity of the sweat glands to all these test agents was increased by denervation, its maximum being reached at the end of about a week after denervation. The supersensitivity persisted usually for about 2 to 3 weeks, after which the sensitivity diminished more or less progressively. In general, the supersensitivity was a more regular and more certain effect of the denervation than the hyposensitivity at least for the observation period of about one month and a half after denervation. 3. Adrenaline was proved to have the property of eliciting the sweat response in the cat's foot-pads when applied locally or systemically. This response was abolished by dihydroergotamine, but not by atropine and procaine. 4. The sweat responses to intravenous and intra-arterial injections of adrenaline were exaggerated for a certain period following the denervation. This may be explained as being due to the increased sensitivity to adrenaline of the denervated sweat glands themselves. We wish to express our thanks to Professor Masao Wada for his guidance and advice throughout this work.


The analysis of everyday practices focused on photography has always been an important element of the theoretical reflection on the media. Such a social approach can be found in the writings of classics, such as Benjamin, Sontag, Barthes, and Berger, as well as contemporary theorists. In their works one can find reflection on the cultural need to create one's image both for oneself and for others. In theory, this problem has been formulated in different ways. It may refer to making a family album (Hirsch) or to the selfie as an "extension and enhancement of a long tradition of the self-portrait" (Mirzeoff) or to action that embodies an imagined identity, rooted in communication practices (van Dijck). The gist of those discussions is the perception of oneself and others, and the technological methods of picturing, experiencing, and distributing that perception in society. The paper presents an analysis of the evolution of cultural meanings attributed to the autobiographical memory that affects the concept of identity. Photobiographies can be placed between two extremes: the nineteenth-century belief that "photography cannot flatter," remembered by Douve Draaisma, and contemporary picture-editing programs. Jose van Dijck argues that contemporary digital pictures are usually "living" since they can be endlessly modified. The paper has been divided into two parts. One is a short survey of qualitative methods, based on photography and the idea of the autobiographical memory. The other presents biographical artistic practices of Krzysztof Pruszkowski, Nancy Burson, Marek Lalko, and Josef Klammer, as well as autobiographical Internet production (e.g., selfie and time-lapse photography). The conclusion is that the digital media have changed the status of the autobiographical memory by mediatizing its presence in reality.


A class of second order unstable neutral difference equations are investigated by using Banach contractive operator theory and some necessary analysis techniques.The existence of the unbounded positive solutions and the oscillation of the bounded positive solutions are shown.Moreover,a sufficient condition about the bounded solutions is given.


Objective To study the Effects of ibuprofen on Aβ_(25-35)-induced hippocampal damages and iNOS expression in rats.Methods Rats were given ibuprofen(7.5,15 mg·kg~(-1) daily,ig) for 3 weeks prior to icv,Rats were injected icv with Aβ_(25-35)(5μL,2M).1 week after injection,Nissl staining and GFAP immunohistochemical technique were employed to determine the morphology of pyr-amidal neurons and astrocyte infiltration in hippocampal CA1.The expression of iNOS mRNA was determined by Reverse transcription-PCR analysis.Results Intracerebroventricular injection of Aβ_(25-35) in Rats elicited astrocyte activation and infiltration and the loss of pyramidal neurons in hippocampal CA1,which was accompanied by the increase of iNOSmRNA expression in hippocampal CA1.Ibuprofen (7.5,15mg·kg~(-1)) significantly reduced the Aβ-induced astrocyte activation and infiltration,the loss of pyramidal neurons in hippocampal,and reversed the Aβ_(25-35)-induced increases in iNOS mRNA expression.Conclusions Ibuprofen attenuates damages of pyramidal neurons in hippocampal CA1 by decreasing the Aβ_(25-35)-induced iNOS mRNA expression.


Despite earlier neglect, International Development (ID) has begun to receive some attention from the Critical Management Studies (CMS) community over the last two decades. This paper reviews existing CMS work that engages with ID and outlines directions for future research. Building on extant research and scholarship that has focussed on linkages between managerialism and ID, we identify and discuss in some depth three emerging areas within ID – financialization, evaluation and projectification–that, we argue, merit further critical scrutiny from CMS scholars. We call for a programme of theoretical and grounded empirical research into these three areas in the hope of reinvigorating CMS' engagement with ID; a programme that would seek to expose the fallacy of the universalizing managerialism that increasingly informs ID projects and organizational practices. In operationalizing this research programme, we draw attention to problems of positionality, drawing on methodological and epistemological debates in Anthropology to inform our argument. We thus highlight the need for grounding CMS research practices in reflective trans-disciplinarity.


Abstract The use of 'cut-and-carry' (the mechanical harvesting and feeding of fresh grass) has increased in some temperate regions in recent years and evidence suggests that sward management practices in this system differ to conventional grazing. In order to investigate this further, a 2 × 3 × 2 factorial experiment was used to examine the effect of low (1489 kg dry matter (DM)/ha; LHM) and high (2142 kg DM/ha; HHM) pre-cutting herbage mass; three ryegrass cultivars, diploid perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne; DIP), tetraploid perennial ryegrass (TET) and a hybrid ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum × L. perenne; HY); and the inclusion of red clover (Trifolium pratense) on sward herbage production, nutritive value and ryegrass morphology. Plots were harvested according to herbage mass from March to November in 2018 and 2019. Annual DM production was 1489 kg DM/ha higher in HHM than in LHM swards. Pre-cutting herbage mass had no effect on organic matter digestibility (OMD) in early season for DIP and TET swards or in late season for all cultivars. There was an interaction between ryegrass cultivar and clover inclusion in annual yield whereby red clover increased DM production in all cultivars however, its effect was largest in HY swards. Red clover inclusion increased DM production but reduced OMD in early and mid-seasons. Overall, TET swards were lowest in neutral detergent fibre and highest in OMD compared to HY and DIP. Pre-cutting herbage mass, ryegrass cultivar and red clover inclusion require careful consideration when establishing and managing pastures in cut-and-carry systems.


ABSTRACTThe development of the dynamic procedure as well as the deeper understanding of the link between filtering, modelling and numerics, allowed Large Eddy Simulation (LES) to make great progresses during the last years. Among several modelling approaches, the scale-similar-based modelling is based on the observation that the smallest resolved scales are the most active in the interaction with the unresolved ones. Owing to the low dissipation introduced by the scale-similar models (SSMs), the coupling with the eddy-viscosity model is often used in the so-called mixed models. Dynamic version of mixed models is historically based on the application of the test-filtering on the differential form of the filtered momentum equation. Such an approach is used for both the one and the two-coefficients mixed models. The use of the differential form of the filtered equations produces the well-known mathematical inconsistence caused by the need to extract arbitrarily the model functions out of filtering. It is kno...


Rohm produces special plastics, for, among others, the paint industry. In collaboration with BSAF Coatings, Rohm developed an extended Vendor Managed Inventory system that operates a consignment depot, takes on the actual and exact filling of tanks at the customer locations via telemetrics as well as advance forecasts, and passes on quality-related information to designated recipients, and includes the electronic billing of deliveries. The early access to data relevant to the planning process and process simplifications compensated for the additional operating costs. The closer relationship with the customer and their processes, as in the case of L'Oreal, is considered to be the main benefit.


In slices of pregnant and post partum rabbit uterus 80 per cent of the endogenous renin was gradually inactivated during incubation in vitro at 37°C for 44 hours. In slices of rabbit kidney only 30 per cent was inactivated. Contrary to this there was only a slight, inconsistent, decrease in renin content in similarly incubated homogenates and extracts of uterine and renal tissue. The results show that intact tissue from both the kidney and especially the uterus have a capacity for inactivation of renin.


In this paper, we establish a link between belief functions on real numbers and the maximal coherent sets obtained in the framework of possibilistic distributions. Having proposed an original disjunctive rule of combination in the framework of continuous belief functions, we demonstrate theoretically that maximal coherent sets can be viewed as a particular case in the framework of belief functions.


The effects of a new podophyllotoxin spin-labeled derivative, 4- [4"-(2", 2", 6", 6"-tetra methyl-1"-piperidinyloxy) amino] -4'-demethyle pipodophyllotoxin (GP-7) on the proliferation, clonal formation and incorporation of [3H] TdR into DNA of L1210 cells in vitro were observed compared with VP-16. It was found that the proliferation of L1210 cells was markedly inhibited and the inhibition rate had a positive interrelationship with the concentration and exposure time. At the concentration of 0.08-100 μmol/L, inhibition rate was 18.4-80.7% and IC50 was 1.51μmol/ L. After exposure of the cells to GP-7 5 μmol / L for 6, 12, 24 and 48 h, the inhibition rates were 21.7, 42.2, 60.6 and 81.2% respectively. Thebehavior of GP-7 on the proliferation of L1210 cells was similar to that of VP-16. The clonal formation of L1210 cells was inhibited by GP-7 and VP-16 with the IC50 of 3.29 and 3.82 μmol / L respectively. After exposure to 0.08-100 μmol / L GP-7 for 24 h, the inhibition rate of the incorporation of [3H] TdR into DNA of L1210 cells was 21.4-81.2 %.These results suggested that GP-7 had a similar remarkable antitumor activity in vitro as VP-16.


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The urgency of the problem of neoplasms has been high over the past decades. According to Russian researchers, when treating patients with neoplasms, epithelial and benign formations prevail. Today, in the doctor's arsenal there is a wide range of therapeutic techniques, including various methods of destruction, including cryosurgery. Cryosurgery is a minimally invasive method of removing skin neoplasms, which is effectively used in the practice of a dermatovenereologist and cosmetologist to remove warts, treat molluscum contagiosum, seborrheic keratosis, etc. This method is based on the impact of ultra-low temperatures on the skin, the source of which is liquefied gases, resulting in tissue destruction. This procedure is an effective alternative to invasive methods and can be performed quickly and cost-effectively on an outpatient basis. The main advantages of using cryosurgery include ease of implementation, a relatively small number of contraindications and a good cosmetic result. Absolute contraindications for this method include neoplasms of unspecified etiology, some of the malignant neoplasms, patient disagreement with possible changes in pigmentation, obvious sensitivity or adverse reaction to cryosurgery. There are various techniques for carrying out the procedure, which include simple methods of applying liquid nitrogen, such as using a cotton swab, which is immersed in a Dewar vessel and then loosely pressed against the neoplasm, and more technologically advanced – the use of cryosurgical devices that work with liquid nitrogen.


Civil conflicts and the December 2004 tsunami have impeded the development of local fruit germplasm despite the inherent high quality and potential of Aceh's fruit germplasm. Most of Aceh communities are composed of smallscale farmers with land ownership averaging from 0.25 to 4 ha per capita; they plant various trees species (fruits, rubber, cocoa, etc) in a mixed-tree based system (agroforestry) with extensive management. In Aceh' village markets most fruit is produced by local farmers. Increased price of fruits in Aceh region has urged the farmers to enhance their fruit production by planting more fruit trees. Farmers prefer to plant tree species that have good market prices and easy to domesticate, such as Durian, Rambutan, Mango, Duku. However, currently farmers have limited access to good quality fruit seedlings. Farmers with financial resources buy seedlings from Medan while most cash-limited farmers produce seedlings themselves. Farmers need good quality fruit germplasm resources if they are going to produce high-quality seedling. As part of posttsunami and conflict rehabilitation activities in Aceh region, we inventoried fruit germplasm resources (both indigenous and introduced variety) and demands in Aceh as source for livelihood and ensure food security (nutritional standpoint) particularly of the local community. The work was completed through discussion with local stakeholders (farmers, governments, universities) and direct observation. In this paper, we listed the fruit germplasm resources' location and condition in Aceh and how small scale farmers could access and use it to improve their fruit production.


In comparing several unknowns, e.g. the means μ 1, μ2, …, μk of k > 2 populations, the classical approach would recommend starting with a test of equality, i.e. test the hypothesis H0: μ 1 = μ2 = … = μk. The process known as multiple comparisons has historically been considered as the logical next step following a rejection of this 'omnibus' test: if we can be confident that some differences among the μi exist, then which pairs μi, μi ' are different (1 ≤ i ≠ i′ ≤ k) and (perhaps) how large are these differences? Modern multiple comparisons analysis retains the goal of answering these sorts of questions, though the preliminary test of equality is no longer sacrosanct.


Liquefaction is known to be an effective method for converting biomass into a biopolyol. The biomass liquefaction of oil palm fruit waste (OPFW) in the presence of liquefaction solvent/polyhydric alcohol (PA): Ethylene glycol (EG), polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG400) and glycerol using sulfuric acid as catalyst was studied. For all experiments, the liquefaction was conducted at 150°C and atmospheric pressure. The mass ratio of OPFW to liquefaction solvents used in all the experiments was 1/2, 1/3 and 1/4. The results revealed that almost 50% of the oil palm fruit waste converted into liquid product within 2 hours at 150°C with OPFW/PA ratio of 1/4. Biopolyol produced under different condition showed viscosities from 210 to 650 Pa.s. The result in this study may provide fundamental information on integrated utilization of oil palm fruit waste via biomass liquefaction process.


Ceramic balls are used extensively in hybrid precision bearings which show advantages in high speed, high temperature, high load and hostile environment. Surface quality generated from the final finishing processes of those balls is critical to the rolling contact fatigue performance. A brief review on the finishing process of ceramic balls is presented. The design of an experimental eccentric lapping apparatus which allows lapping of 13.4 mm diameter ceramic ball blanks at a small batch (15 balls each time) is described. Preliminary experimental investigation on the influences of the lapping load and speed, the diamond particle sizes, the different lapping fluid mixtures has been conducted. Finished ball surfaces are examined by optical microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy, and surface quality in relation to different lapping processes is discussed. The optimum lapping parameters from this study is proposed and further research aspects are pointed out.


New staffing patterns for ministries in higher education emphasize finding mutually resourceful ways for college and religious staff to work together on issues of common concern.


Using ~25 years of GPS and InSAR observations and the time‐dependent inversion filter, we invert for the volume change history of three active volcanoes in the east central Alaska Aleutian arc and the secular velocity of the region. The inferred time‐dependent volume change shows (1) two exponentially decaying pulses followed by a nearly linear inflation period at Westdahl volcano, (2) multiple episodic inflation events at Akutan volcano, and (3) transient volcanic inflation and long‐term deflation signals at Makushin volcano. Comparing our regional velocity estimates with recently published block models, we find a small signal that can be explained by slip deficit on the megathrust, either from a shallow (<20 km depth) almost fully locked zone or a weakly locked zone confined to 25–50 km depth.


In this paper, the characteristics of aerated flow under a plunging solitary wave on a 1:20 sloping beach are investigated numerically. The numerical model solves the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations for mean flow. The turbulence is described by the k−ε model, in which the turbulence production and dissipation modified by entrained air bubbles are considered by an additional term. A transient equation is solved for air bubble transportation. The numerical model is validated by comparing the air bubble concentration, mean flow velocities, and turbulent kinetic energy against experimental data, demonstrating its capability for simulating transient aerated flows under breaking waves. The validated model is further applied to reveal the detailed interaction of the entrained air bubbles and the turbulent free surface flows during the wave breaking process. Plunging breaking wave consists of four stages, namely, the wave front steepening, the initiation of overturning, the transitional stage, and the quasi-steady bore propagation stage. The results reveal that the overturning and breaking wave front is the main source for turbulence generation and air entrainment in the initiation and transitional stage of breaking wave, respectively. The entrained air bubbles are mainly transported backward and downward by turbulence structures and forming distinct bubble vortex rollers near the bottom. The distribution of air bubble concentration shows a linear correlation to the distribution of turbulence quantities in the initial and transitional stage of breaking wave, demonstrating the important role of local turbulent structures on air entrainment and transportation.


Carbonate reservoir complexities are both described and hidden by the use of the common and generic term, "heterogeneous", with usually little serious effort then expended to define and quantify the meaning and dimensions of the term. Saudi Aramco, the custodian of the world's largest petroleum reserves in carbonate reservoirs, is making long-term efforts to bring light to the carbonate "heterogeneity" darkness. We are constructing the industry's largest integrated petrophysical and geological databases for our major carbonate reservoirs.
 Our large databases contain porosity, permeability, grain density and pore system information from core plugs carefully integrated with a full suite of well log data and core descriptions. These cores have been described in detail using the most current carbonate sequence stratigraphic techniques and all these data have been captured digitally and integrated consistently and carefully. Our database for one field contains 1695 limestone pore systems (a pore system is defined by a single Thomeer hyperbola), obtained from 931 plug samples by Thomeer analysis of core plug mercury capillary pressure data (MICP) with plans to expand the measurements to 1500 plug samples for just this one major reservoir by the year 2020. The current core plugs for the database now include samples from 30 cored wells (up from the 10 cored wells of the previous Rosetta Stone project) to obtain statistically robust reservoir petrophysical data at the facies level. Pore system data are now also being acquired in vertical wells for constrained reservoir layering and vertical reservoir model tie points using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) well log data and the CIPHER software for the Thomeer parameter MICP-consistent spectral porosity analysis.
 At Saudi Aramco, our extensive facies – petrophysical properties database process delivers the reference reservoir property database for our major carbonate reservoir models. The reference database improves our understanding and modelling of the variation and covariation of the facies and petrophysical rock types (PRTs) for reservoir modeling. It also provides sound statistical support for the population of the reservoir with petrophysical pore system properties within the sequence stratigraphic facies framework. For the reservoir dynamics, the database allows detailed investigations into the statistical linkages of pore system properties which control permeability and relative permeability developed by Clerke and coworkers to the sequence stratigraphic reservoir facies.
 We report here selected results from a very large quantity of relationships and statistical attributes that can be derived from this database. At the general carbonates level, these reference databases demonstrate that the reservoir complexity hidden in the shadow of "heterogeneity" is actually the prevalence and statistical distribution of these multimodal pore systems and their attributes.


Gastrulation in the amphibian embryo marks the onset of widespread, de novo cell differentiation. In this communication we present the results of a radioautographic and biochemical study of gene activity as gastrulation takes place in Xenopus laevis. We have found that gene activation occurs abruptly within a 1-hr period preceding the onset of gastrulation and that most of the newly synthesized RNA resulting from this activation appears to be messenger RNA.


In the article by Goldberg et al, I am puzzled and concerned about a finding which appears in the table outlining "Attitudes of All High School Athletes." The trends noted in this table are disturbing—there is a suggestion that students would be more likely to consider usage of anabolic steroids after the educational intervention. Although the authors were not able to find statistically significant differences between the pre- and postintervention groups, this inability to find differences may have been due to Type 2 error.


9548Background: The question of when to discontinue (d/c) anti-program death-1 (PD-1) monotherapy (mono) or nivolumab in combination with ipilimumab (combo) immunotherapy (IT) is unknown. Methods: ...


This Rapid Evidence Review (RER) provides an overview of the existing literature on the use of technology in supporting girls' education in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). The RER has been produced in response to the novel 2019 coronavirus (COVID-19), and the resulting widespread global shutdown of schools. It therefore has an emphasis on transferable insights that may be applicable to educational responses resulting from the limitations to the continuation of schooling caused by COVID-19. Established approaches to maintaining continuity of education for the most marginalised have particular salience during this period because of the significant increase in the number of students at risk of disruption. Research consistently shows that while education across the board is negatively affected by crisis situations, the schooling of girls is disproportionately impacted. The RER aims neither to advocate nor discourage the use of technology in girls' education in response to the present COVID-19 pandemic, but rather to provide an accessible summary of existing evidence on the topic so that educators, policy makers and donors might make informed decisions about the potential role of technology in delivering education for girls.


The influence of process conditions such as hot-plate temperature, draw texturing rate, D/Y ratio, false twist tension on producing PA6 yarn are described.


The research investigates sufficiency of credit risk management policies of banks in Zimbabwe from 2000 to 2007 using the E-Views statistical software package. The regression model suggests that high non performing loans were due to inefficient management of the banks' credit risk activities. An inverse relationship between non performing loans and credit risk management competency was also detected. The t-statistic for size of the bank was found to be closer to 1.5 and that shows the size of the bank has a bearing on both the level of non performing loans and the sufficiency of credit risk management frameworks. The author therefore recommends enough credit risk management frameworks be instituted in Zimbabwe banking sector to ensure financial sector stability.


This paper focus on the problems on low efficiency of transmitting large-capacity data due to the packet-lost in DRM system.A kind of joint coding scheme based on LT code and convolution code is presented.The necessity and feasibility of the proposed scheme are analyzed according to the testing and simulation results.


THE PURPOSE of green chemistry and green engineering is to help clean up the chemical enterprise—that is, to serve as a form of molecular-level pollution prevention. In practice, that means developing ever-better chemical processes and products that require fewer reagents, less solvent, and less energy while generating less waste. In addition to being cost-effective, these processes and products should be designed to have low toxicity and be safer to use than their predecessors. It's simple to state the purpose of a principles-based ethical construct like green chemistry. But it takes know-how and a focused effort to put words into action. That's why a cadre of chemists from a variety of institutions—including the American Chemical Society, ACS's Green Chemistry Institute (GCI), the Environmental Protection Agency, and colleges and universities—has spent the past decade devising and refining fundamental strategies for teaching green chemistry and engineering to students and educators at all levels. ...


The article deals with the problem of improving of the future primary school teachers training by means of a complex subject portfolio in a particular course of study in the context of education system reforming in Ukraine. The aim of this study is to track and prove the value of the subject portfolio in the "Methods of Teaching Subjects of Language and Literary Education" course. The article substantiates and validates the hypothesis that a complex portfolio with the proposed structure and developed assignments is an effective tool for the future primary school teachers training. Analyzing the results of the questionnaires, observing the process of students' fulfilling of problem-solving and creative assignments (mind maps, reflective essays, pedagogical diaries, their own media products and audio books for schoolchildren, lesson plans and visual aids design) confirmed that a complex portfolio is an relevant means for development of critical thinking, intrinsic motivation, ensures the autonomy and self-sufficiency of each student, forms confidence in their abilities and readiness to work in New Ukrainian School. The study involved 180 students of the first (bachelor's) degree in specialty 013 Primary Education on the Faculty of Primary Education and Philology in Khmelnytskyi Humanitarian- Pedagogical Academy (2017–2019 academic years). The quality dynamics of the students' knowledge and skills before and after the implementation of the complex portfolio in "Methods of Teaching Subjects of Language and Literary Education" course allows to acknowledge the expediency of its implementing.


Oligodendrocytes, the myelin forming cells of the central nervous system, differentiate from oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs). During the embryonic development, OPCs are generated in multiple ventricular foci distributed along the developing neural tube and migrate towards their final destination either in the gray matter or in the future white matter tracts. Our goal is to identify the molecular cues governing the migration of the OPCs in the embryonic brain, in order to provide new insights into the mechanisms of recolonization of demyelinating lesions by OPCs in diseases such as multiple sclerosis. We have started to examine the role of secreted factors and contact molecules which have been recently implicated in neuronal cell movement. First, we focused on class 3 semaphorins and netrin-1. Using the embryonic optic nerve as an experimental system, we described the spatio-temporal pattern of expression of ligands and receptors and selected the factors Semaphorin 3A, Semaphorin 3F and Netrin-1 for their tropic effects on OPCs. Secondly, we have studied the expression of ephrins and Eph receptors on OPCs and tested their implication in the proliferation as well as in the migration and adhesion properties of OPCs. We show that, in the optic nerve, OPCs express ephrin ligands. In vitro activation of these OPCs by soluble Eph receptors results in a reverse signaling that regulates both the proliferation of OPCs and their adherence to the substrate. These data suggest that OPCs could interact with the Eph receptors present on axons to modulate their migratory and proliferative properties. The relevance of this axono-oligodendroglial relation mediated by Ephs/ephrins molecules is currently being investigated in vivo.


SUMMARY:

The characteristics of lipid deposition in juveniles of red sea bream Pagrus major, yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata, and Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus, were investigated by feeding diets with three lipid levels (approximately 11, 16 and 20%). In red sea bream, the viscera contributed 40–50% to the whole body lipid store and deposited 35–39% of dietary lipid intake (body lipid gain/lipid intake : lipid deposition ratio), while the carcass contributed 40% and deposited 30–37%. In yellowtail, 50% of the whole body lipid store was found and 25% of dietary lipid intake was deposited in the carcass, while less than 10% was found and about 3% was deposited in the viscera. In Japanese flounder, although 80% of the whole body lipid store was located in the carcass, the lipid deposition ratio of the carcass decreased from 33% down to 19% as the increase of lipid intake, and the viscera represented around 10% of whole body lipid store and deposited 3% of lipid intake. Thus, the juveniles showed different traits of body lipid deposition in their responses to changes in dietary lipid level.


In recent years,a new mechanism has arisen to promote compliance with international environmental treaties——compliance mechanism.The mechanism has been set up in many international environmental treaties,and it is considered a new development tendency of international environmental law.The contents,the specific natures and the lacks of the compliance mechanism of 〈Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety〉 as a case are analysed in this essay.The mechanism is considered very important to the practical efficiency of international environmental treaties.


As transportation surveillance technology continues to advance, the measurement of more complete traffic information is becoming increasingly feasible. ICAN stands for Inductive Classifying Artificial Network and is used to conveniently describe a self–organizing feature map (SOFM) for vehicle type categorization using inductive signatures as input. Vehicle type categorization is the separation of vehicles into predefined classes and can be useful for improving transportation efficiency, cost, environmental sustainability, enforcement, safety, and education. ICAN mainly focuses on the challenging task of differentiating between two–axle vehicles such as passenger car, sports utility vehicle (SUV), van, truck, and bus. This is in contrast to systems that classify according to the number of axles. One characteristic of ICAN is the simplicity of the 13–neuron one–dimensional neural network, and the employment of a small training set of 13 signatures. The overall classification results of 87% (data set 1) and 82% (data set 2) for seven categories coupled with consistent performance across all vehicle categories was significant and encouraging. Field freeway data was used for testing ICAN; representative signatures and video images of different vehicle types are presented.


Introduction: The Norwegian Anti-Discriminatory and Accessibility Act adopted in 2008 states that web based electronic services geared towards the public should be accessible to all. Today, the web content accessibility guidelines (wcag-2) is an agreed standard in Norway. However, it should be fair to state that the developers of Norwegian e-health services have not focused on universal design to any particular extent. To obtain a brief estimate of the status in the field, we have investigated the accessibility to some randomly selected e-health services, applying a ad hoc user panel of 4 persons. Methods and materials: We have during 2015 set up a Windows 7 machine with NVDA synthetic speech output and a Brazie Powerbraille display installed. Using Mozilla Firefox, we have investigated the accessibility to 11 Norwegian web based health services. Our investigation included state, municipal and private service providers. The wcag-2 standard and "Referansekatalogen for e-helse" constituted the point of offset for our evaluation. Four users were given specific tasks in connection with each website, and we observed and interviewed the informants as they interacted with each service. We focused especially on the users' ability to operate the services with the keyboard, and if all the functionality on the web pages could be utilized without applying a mouse. Results: The Helseportalen (https://helsenorge.no) provides access to the electronic health record for Norwegian citizens and constitutes a major national initiative in the field of e-health. To which extent can this service be regarded as universally accessible? The html code was found to be robust and consistent, and the functionality, which we investigated, could be operated by the keyboard.  This was not true for all of the services, which we evaluated. The login to Helseportalen can be done with mobile bank id, or by a code generator equipped with synthetic speech. However, the initial registration of login method could not be performed by our users. The login to Helseportalen relies on services from private enterprises, and are not necessarily free of charge.  The quality of the code on the various sites varied considerably, which potentially causes problems for users of peripheral equipment. Inconsistent use of html headline-tags slows down navigation on several of the evaluated pages.  Multimedia content is not followed by a descriptive text (not required by wcag-2 level aa). Discussion: If the construction of e-health services is regarded a work process involving planning, prototyping, implementation, testing, refinement and documentation, the users should be involved in each of this phases to ensure accessibility to the services made. User oriented design methods have a stronghold in Scandinavia, but if for economic or practical reasons such approaches are not regarded feasible, expert evaluations with emphasis on accessibility should be performed on each stage in the development cycle. Background : Rural mental health services are under-resourced and over-burdened. Given the aging population and escalating health costs, we need to innovate to solve this resourcing crisis. Psychogeriatric SOS is a unique service that offers information, advice, supervision, training, education and case conferencing to rural and remote clinicians working with older adults across all disciplines, allowing them to establish a supportive professional relationship with our psychogeriatric multidisciplinary team via a web-conferencing platform. This nascent service has the potential to be a pathway for more efficient use of time for primary clinicians and specialty psychogeriatric services. Aims: To describe rural clinician/user demographics, delineate how this model satisfies unmet clinician professional needs, and determine whether it improves clinician confidence. It will also provide a forum in which members of the Australian GP community can make comments and suggestions. Methods: Rural and remote clinicians in three under-resourced local health districts in NSW and one NGO were provided this service in 2015. During the first 12 months, demographic data, uptake rates, user satisfaction, and pre- and post- intervention clinician confidence measures were collected. Results: 100 registrants participated in a combination of 15 education forums, 25 case conferences and 14 supervision sessions. Confidence questionnaires indicated confidence depended on clinician, context of practice, and number of years practicing (with those having worked 1-5 years being the most confident followed by those having worked more than 21 years). The most prominent areas of need identified by clinicians were educating patients' carers, and education and case conferencing around clinical psychogeriatric issues. All users returned to use the service more than once. Conclusion: There is a need for the Psychogeriatric SOS model of e-health rural outreach, which may constitute a step towards the more efficient and effective use of mental health resources in rural and remote Australia.


We obtained the asymptotic equalities for the least upper bounds of the approximation of functions from the classes $W^{r}_{\beta}H^{\alpha}$ by three-harmonic Poisson
integrals in the case $r+\alpha\leq 3$ in the uniform metric.


The article is based on a comparative study about the profile of political-economical elites, in the historical moment among the government of marshal Humberto de Alencar Castelo Branco to the second term of Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva. We will try to understand aspects of the Brazilian´s political institutions functioning as well as the criteria for the recruitment of its elites. For our analysis we used a conceptual framework formed by classic theme researchers. Also we used vast empirical material collected from the Dicionario Historico-BiograficoBrasileiro (the Brazilian Historical and Biographical Dictionary, shortened as DHBB) and in the Biblioteca Virtual da Presidencia, a virtual library of presidents. With this intersection between quantitative and qualitative data, we will point out the similarities and differences between those governments.


Academic literature is giving increased consideration to the use of performance measurement systems, notably the Balanced Scorecard (BSC). However, there has been limited empirical investigation into the particular benefits that result from the use of the BSC (Ittner and Larcker, 1998). This study empirically examines how the BSC has been applied in practice and whether different BSC designs result in varying performance outcomes. Data is from a cross sectional survey, which provided a sample of 92 Australian firms using BSC. It is hypothesised that the BSC provides greater benefits when 1) cause and effect logic is used between measures 2) nonfinancial measures are tied to compensation and 3) implemented at multiple levels within the organisation. Results support the first proposition, although cause and effect logic appears to be more important if the BSC is tied to compensation. These results are discussed, and implications for practice and future research are presented.


A test signal generator for pseudo-simulated non-intelligible speech. The generator comprises first and second ROM's controlled by first and second address counters driven by a single clock. The first ROM generates digital samples which when decoded produce a random signal having a gaussian amplitude distribution. The second ROM also generates digital samples which when decoded produce a modulating signal having a power spectrum substantially equal to that of the modulation envelope of speech and a wave shape that results in a gamma amplitude distribution of a gaussian amplitude distributed signal. Each cycle of the modulating signal has an identical wave shape but a randomly varying wave period. The output of the second ROM is demodulated in a first digital-to-analog converter and the demodulated output is used to amplitude modulate the output of the first ROM in a second digital-to-analog converter to provide an output signal which is then passed through a band-shaping filter to provide the pseudo-simulated non-intelligible speech at its output.


DEAR EDITOR, I was interested to read the note by R. J. Cook and G. V. Wood on Feynman's triangle. The general form of this result was brought to my attention about twenty years ago by Dr (now Professor) Peter Baptist of the University of Bayreuth, who was researching the teaching of geometry in the 19th century. He had found it in a footnote in E. J. Routh's Analytical statics [1], and asked if I could find out how Routh had proved it. I spent a morning trawling through Routh's collected papers (mostly undergraduate problems written on the back of college menus, lovingly bound in four thick volumes by Peterhouse library), but did not succeed in tracing it.


The dynamics of the flow in two layered systems heated from the side is investigated both when the fluids are viscoinelastic and viscoelastic. The system is two dimensional and confined to a box of low aspect ratio in reduced gravity. Interfaces are assumed to be flat. The free top surface is taken to be insulated together with the bottom wall. Results are reported for both high and low values of the interfacial Marangoni number when a low Prandtl number Newtonian fluid in the lower layer is encapsulated by a high Prandtl number viscoinelastic or viscoelastic fluid in the top layer.


Results of an experimental study on flexural behaviour of steel-reinforced portal frames made of ductile fibre-reinforced cementitious composite and concrete under static transverse bending are reported in this paper. A total of six half-scale frames were cast and tested. It was observed that the frames partially or fully made of ductile fibre-reinforced cementitious composite have about 21–37% higher load-carrying capacity than ordinary concrete frames. Moreover, frames completely made of ductile fibre-reinforced cementitious composite are shown to have 1·5–2 times more ductility than the control frame. The failure modes of ductile fibre-reinforced cementitious composite frames were very ductile with multiple microcracks and the general pattern was flexural tension. In addition to the frame specimens, ductile fibre-reinforced cementitious composite tensile coupons, compressive cylinders and concrete cubes were also cast and evaluated.


This paper addresses the problem of matching N weighted graphs referring to an identical object or category. More specifically, matching the common node correspondences among graphs. This multi-graph matching problem involves two ingredients affecting the overall accuracy: i) the local pairwise matching affinity score among graphs; ii) the global matching consistency that measures the uniqueness of the pairwise matching results by different chaining orders. Previous studies typically either enforce the matching consistency constraints in the beginning of iterative optimization, which may propagate matching error both over iterations and across graph pairs; or separate affinity optimizing and consistency regularization in two steps. This paper is motivated by the observation that matching consistency can serve as a regularizer in the affinity objective function when the function is biased due to noises or inappropriate modeling. We propose multigraph matching methods to incorporate the two aspects by boosting the affinity score, meanwhile gradually infusing the consistency as a regularizer. Furthermore, we propose a node-wise consistency/affinitydriven mechanism to elicit the common inlier nodes out of the irrelevant outliers. Extensive results on both synthetic and public image datasets demonstrate the competency of the proposed algorithms.


TiO2 nanowires doped with different amounts of Ni 2+ ions (from 0 to 18 mol%) were synthesized by hydrothermal technique. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and diffuse reflection spectroscopy. The XRD analysis showed that the doped samples exhibit anatase single phase. The lattice parameters remain unchanged, independent on Ni 2+ content. Diameter of TiO2 nanowires increased significantly with increasing concentrations of Ni 2+ . The investigated results indicate that a greater portion of the Ni 2+ ions are well-incorporated into the anatase TiO2 lattice. Indirect and direct band gap energies of Ni 2+ -doped TiO2 with different doping concentration were found to be in the range from 3.24 to 2.99 eV and 3.54 to 3.35 eV, respectively.


The combination of diode-pumped cw single-frequency Nd:YAG lasers and monolithic resonant frequency-doublers has lead to highly efficient and compact 532nm sources [1,2]. Using a diode-pumped 700 mW Nd:YAG laser, we have generated 500 mW of 532nm second harmonic with a monolithic magnesium-oxide-doped lithium niobate frequency-doubler. This corresponds to a conversion efficiency from 1064nm to 532nm of 72% and a conversion efficiency from the 2 W of 808.5nm diode pump light to the green of 25%.


This article is divided into two parts. The first one holds that the place name Vigo dates from Early Middle Ages and not from the Roman era. In the second part I propose the hypothesis that Burbida in Itinerary of Antoninus was situated in Vigo. As well I propose a new route for 19th Roman road that connected the port of Vigo with ancient Tude and Turoqua


Current knowledge suggests that the absence of effective insulin, as in uncontrolled diabetics, results in decreased transport of glucose across the cell wall in certain tissues. This defect, in conjunction with accelerated hepatic gluconeogenesis, produces hyperglycemia and overflow glycosuria. In addition, there is concomitant lipid mobilization as evidenced by ketosis and hyperlipemia. Recently attention has been drawn to albumin-bound plasma fatty acids as a major form of lipid transport from adipose tissue stores to sites of utilization.' A rise in the level of these fatty acids is currently the first detectable evidence of increased lipid mobilization, and it is therefore apparent that a better understanding of the mechanism of fatty acid release from adipose tissue might partially clarify the genesis of diabetic ketoacidosis. Several investigators have demonstrated a decreased plasma fatty acid concentration in man following administration of insulin or glucose. Conversely, plasma fatty acids are increased in patients with uncontrolled diabetes. Bierman, Schwartz and Dole and Gordon have concluded that the major insulin effect on the regulation of plasma fatty acid concentration is at the site of release from adipose tissue and not at the point of uptake or utilization by tissues such as muscle. Recent studies from this laboratory" indicate that the effects of glucose and insulin on fatty acid mobilization are mediated at least in part through their action upon esterification of fatty acids in adipose tissue. This conclusion was first suggested by observations concerning the comparative incorporation of labeled glucose carPresented at the Symposium on Changing Basic and Clinical Concepts of Diabetes Mellitus sponsored by The Clinical Society of the New York Diabetes Association, Inc., on Oct. 16, 1959. From the Departments of Medicine, Harvard Medical School and the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital, and the Baker Clinic Research Laboratory, New England Deaconess Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. bon and glycerol carbon into the glycerol of adipose tissue lip ids (glyceride-glycerol). In rat epididymal adipose tissue, glucose carbon is incorporated into glyceride-glycerol at a rate many times greater than carbon from glycerol itself, and in vivo studies have corroborated this rapid incorporation of glucose carbon into glyceride-glycerol. A recent abstract suggests that adipose tissue homogenates require a-glycerophosphate or one of its phosphorylated precursors for optimal esterification of palmitate-i-C whereas glycerol itself is ineffective. This finding corroborates similar reports for liver and intestinal mucosa.* If the esterification process in intact adipose tissue also requires a-glycerophosphate, and if glycerol itself is esterified slowly or not at all in this tissue, then esterification should be limited by the rate of formation of a-glycerophosphate from glucose via dihydroxy-acetone phosphate. It is known that adipose tissue triglycerides are constantly undergoing hydrolysis and re-esterification within the tissue. In the steady state, when there is neither net synthesis nor net release of fatty acids, it is reasonable to assume that fatty acids released from triglyceride are re-esterified as fast as they are formed. The glycerol produced is free glycerol and thus essentially unavailable for re-esterification. It is therefore necessary in this situation to assume a continuous supply of phosphorylated glycerol, presumably from glucose. If these assumptions are correct, then it is likely that decreased availability of glucose as a source of glyceride-glycerol (as in fasting or diabetes) would impair fatty acid re-esterification with consequent increase in tissue-unesterified fatty acids from continuing triglyceride hydrolysis. As a result plasma free fatty acids should increase. On the other hand, if the source of glyceride-glycerol is increased (as following glucose or insulin) fatty acid levels should decrease as augmented esterification diminishes the tissue free fatty


Site-selective photoredox reactions with somophiles readily enable branching of the carbon skeleton of unprotected glucosides, allosides, and xylosides regioselectively at C3. These reactions open the possibility of selective C-C bond formation in monosaccharides without multi-step protection-deprotection strategies.


A remarkable trait of submarine battle damage is its more uncertainty and association factors. Based on research of battlefield damage analysis technique (BDAT) available and battlefield damage traits of submarine, a distributed battlefield damage assessment architecture based on multi-agent (DBDAABM) had been developed. It consists of three parts including simulation environment architecture (SEA), obtaining technique of simulation data (OTSD) and battlefield damage assessment architecture (BDAA). In the SEA, multi-agent technology had been introduced based on HLA and different agents act as different RTI interface specifications of HLA which realized the complex service functions of bottom simulation system. The key of OTSD is to solve the lack of simulation data. First, a new knowledge architecture of submarine damage log (KASDL) had been defined and then the advantages and disadvantages of three data obtaining techniques, expert experience, BDAT and KASDL, had been discussed. Finally, the three data obtaining techniques had been combined within a damage assessment Architecture and defined as a new integrated obtaining technique of simulation data. BDAA mainly outlines definitions and structure constructions of different agents of battlefield damage assessment. At the end of this paper, taking combat system of some submarine as an example, we validated the veracity and validity of DBDAABM by simulation. The acronyms of some phrases are shown in appendix.


Compassionate love is an important characteristic of healthy close relationships. However, we know little about how compassionate love is behaviorally manifested. Furthermore, compassionate love may be uniquely experienced among older couples, as age-related challenges may require adjustments by spouses in providing more care for one another. Through interviews with 63 older married couples, this exploratory study examined the behavioral component of compassionate love among older couples as reported from the recipients' perspective. From the qualitative data analysis, 11 behavioral domains were identified, including caring for physical health and helping with household tasks. The examples varied greatly in magnitude and meaningfulness, from willingly moving around the country to fixing breakfast. Further, couples frequently highlighted acts related to their increasing age-related challenges, underscoring the importance of taking a life-span approach to the study of compassionate love. The results may be useful to further develop interventions promoting compassionate love, especially among older couples.


Legal uncertainty relating to measures linked to non-physical aspects under the law of the WTO is not a new phenomenon. Albeit with a focus on measures linked to processes and production methods (PPMs), it has been debated intensely in legal, economic and political circles since the early 1970s. Nevertheless, most legal questions underlying the debate have remained unsettled. The fact that this analysis builds on a decades-old debate facilitates the analysis in some respects, but also raises difficulties. The debate has given structure to the large problem-field, and it has developed concepts, some of which are used in this analysis. However, other concepts and terms developed and used in the debate have remained blurred, and their usefulness is doubtful. The intention of this chapter is to illustrate the topic and to identify the concepts and terms used in the subsequent parts of this analysis. It begins with a brief illustration of the topic detached from the legal debate, followed by a description of the landmark cases of GATT and WTO dispute settlement. The next section focuses on the debate that emerged around these disputes, the so-called 'PPM debate'. It describes the basic concepts and terms developed for and used in this debate. Section 1.2 briefly reviews the legal status of the most important types of measures relevant to the debate in order to identify the legal core issues.


Our paper aims at presenting and discussing the discovery of Lithospermum officinale L. and Buglossoides purpurocaerulea (L.) I. M. Johnston seeds deposits from archaeological contexts. The nutlets deposits that we discuss here were found in three prehistoric sites belonging to the Cucuteni Culture (V th -IV th millennia CAL. B.C.): Izvoare-Piatra Neamț (Neamț County), Poduri-Dealul Ghindaru (Bacău County), Frumușica (Neamț County). The two species are used for their anti-inflammatory, contraceptive or antitoxic properties. However, an in-depth contextual analysis of the various discovery contexts belonging to the Cucuteni culture, leading to a differentiation between the known deposits, allows us to explore different meanings of this category of archaeological finds, such as display of social status or involvement in magical/healing rituals.


Objective:To construct eukaryotic expression vector for anti-human melanoma chimeric antibody,and express the antibody in eukaryotic cells.Methods:Variable regions of the murine antibody were cloned from the anti-human melanoma hybridoma cell line HB8459,HB8760,Mel3,and was inserted them into the chimeric antibody eukaryotic expression vector pMH-CA.The constructed vector was transfected into 293T,the chimeric antibody was expressed,as detected by RT-PCR,ELISA,and Western blot.Results:Eukaryotic expression vectors of the chimeric antibody against human melanoma were successfully constructed,and expressed in eukaryotic cells.The expression of chimeric gene was confirmed by RT-PCR,specificity of the chimeric antibody was proved by ELISA and Western blot.Conclusion:Anti-human melanoma chimeric antibody was expressed successfully.


We compile a sample consisting of 56 radio-quiet active galactic nuclei so as to investigate the statistical properties of the hot corona in accretion disks from ASCA observations. The black hole masses in the sample are estimated via several popular methods, and the bolometric luminosities from the multiwavelength continuum. This allows us to estimate the Eddington ratio (ℰ ≡ Lbol/LEdd) so that the undergoing physical processes can be tested via hard X-ray data. We use the least-squares method of multivariate regression and find a strong correlation between ℱX ≡ L2-10 keV/Lbol and ℰ as ℱX ∝ ℰ-0.64. This indicates that the release of gravitational energy in the hot corona is controlled by the Eddington ratio. On the other hand, the correlation between the hard X-ray spectral index (Γ) and ℰ depends critically on the types of objects: Γ is nearly constant (Γ ∝ ℰ 0) in broad-line Seyfert 1 galaxies, whereas Γ ∝ log ℰ 0.18 in narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies, although this is not very significant. We can set constraints on the forms of the magnetic stress tensor on the condition that ℱX is proportional to the fraction f of gravitational energy dissipated in the hot corona and that f is proportional to the magnetic energy density in the disk. We find that the shear stress tensor trϕ ∝ Pgas is favored by the correlation in the present sample, where Pgas is the gas pressure.


Intracranial aneurysms(IA)are saccular dilatations of IA that occur most commonly at arterial bifurcations.Aneurysms are only rarely symptomatic unless they ruptured,which typically result in subarachnoid hemorrhage associated with high morbidity and mortality.The pathogenesis of IA is still uncertain. The formation,development and rupture of IA result from the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. The susceptibility genes of IA may play an important role in its pathogenesis.This article reviews the susceptibility genes that may be closely associated with IA found in recent years.


Timing jitter as a key performance of single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) detectors plays a significant role in determining the fast temporal response behavior of the SPAD device. Nevertheless, few analytic models are developed to directly calculate the characteristic of timing jitter for its modeling difficulty. In this paper, we propose a simple analytic modeling method, which can predict the temporal response of SPADs, without using time-consuming Monte Carlo simulation. Model investigation incorporates avalanche current, avalanche buildup time, and jitter tail under different conditions. Furthermore, the key model parameters provided by Geiger mode technology computer-aided design simulation allow an accurate prediction on timing jitter. Analytical results indicate that for an SPAD device structure with a shallow P+/N-well junction in a 0.18- $\mu \text{m}$  CMOS technology, the Gaussian peak response with about 110-ps full-width at half-maximum and the exponential jitter tail are in good agreement with the measured data, validating the accuracy, and feasibility of this modeling method.


This paper presents an ant system algorithm for the graph coloring problem. This ant system algorithm has several new features compared to previous ant system algorithms for the coloring problem. The main idea of the algorithm is for a colony of ants to color the graph, in which ants use its knowledge about the local neighborhood, recently visited nodes, and information stored at each vertex. For proving generality of the algorithm, several instances from different categories of graphs posted on the COLOR02 Symposium web site were selected to test the algorithm. The algorithm performed well and matched the best known results for most benchmark graph instances and was close to the best known for others. The algorithm performed very well in comparison to previous heuristic algorithms for the graph coloring problem.


We report on a new species of basal ornithuromorph bird,Tianyuornis cheni gen.et sp.nov.,based on a nearly complete and articulated subadult individual from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation in the eastern region of Nei Mongol,China.The new specimen shows features characteristic of the Hongshanornithidae(Hongshanornis longicresta,Longicrusavis houi,and Parahongshanornis chaoyangensis),such as small body size and elongate hindlimbs relative to their forelimbs,but it also possesses some unique features that support the erection of a new genus and species,including a straight dentary(a sigmoidal dentary was previously considered an autapomorphy of hongshanornithids),teeth preserved on both the upper and lower jaws,sternal caudolateral trabecula has a distinct fan-shaped expanded distal end.With the addition of this new taxon,Hongshanornithidae represents the most diverse recognized clade of Early Cretaceous ornithuromorphs.The new specimen reveals new important morphological information regarding the Hongshanornithidae and confi rms the controversial presence of teeth in this clade.


The two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) is the main pest encountered in strawberry cultivation in protected environments, causing damage and increasing the cost of production associated with chemical control. Breeding programs are essential for obtaining new cultivars that are more tolerant to two-spotted spider mites. The objective was to evaluate whether the leaf trichomes mediatethe resistance of intraspecific strawberry hybrids to two-spotted spider mites. Preselected hybrids were subjected to infestation by two-spotted spider mites and evaluated via the no-choice assay and the travel test. Resistance was correlated with the density of trichomes, both glandular and non-glandular, present on the surface of the leaflets of strawberry genotypes. The results indicated that there is an influence of hybrids and cultivars on the behavior of the pest, allowing the verification of the existence of resistant genotypes (RVDA#16, RVCS#44 and Camino Real). These treatments resulted in low numbers of eggs deposited and hatched compared with the other treatments and shorter distances traveled by two-spotted spider mites on the surface of leaflets. It was also verified that the glandular trichomes presented a significant negative correlation with the average distance traveled by two-spotted spider mites on the surface of the leaf discs, indicating that these structures alter the behavior of these arthropods. Genotype resistance was associated with the presence of glandular trichomes. In addition to the superiority of the agronomic and postharvest attributes of the preselected hybrids (RVDA#16 and RVCS#44) identified in the previous selection efforts, they proved to be promising materials for achieving resistance to the spider mite, revealing important genotypes for use as cultivars and particularly as parents in breeding programs.


A load balancing method in a symmetric multi-processor system and a system thereof are provided to enable a prompt response without the blocking of a run queue caused by work shift by shifting a work with not a run queue but a shift queue when shifting the work among processors. A scheduler checks whether or not load unbalancing occurs(701), and selects a work to be shifted, a first CPU(Central Processing Unit) and a second CPU(702). The scheduler obtains the locks for a run queue of the first CPU and a shift queue of the second CPU(703,704), and shifts a work from the run queue of the first CPU to the shift queue of the second CPU(705). The scheduler releases the locks for the shift queue of the second CPU and the run queue of the first CPU(706,707).


NURSING UNIONS were expected this week to step back from the brink of industrial action after Powys Healthcare trust caved in and offered to pay 3 per cent for 1995.


Copper nitride thin films were deposited on glass substrates by reactive DC (direct current) magnetron sputtering with 0.8Pa N2-gas partial pressure (the total pressure was 1Pa), 100°C substrate temperature and different DC powers. X-ray diffraction measurements show that the films are composed of Cu3N crystallites with anti-ReO3 structure and exhibit preferential orientation to the [111] direction. The intensity of the preferred crystalline orientation of the films increased with DC power. It is found that the DC power not only affects the crystal structure of the Cu3N films but also affects its resistivity. The resistivity of Cu3N films decreased sharply with increasing of the DC power, reaching a value 1.33Ωcm. From this work, it is concluded that the optimum DC sputtering power for producing high-quality and well [111]-oriented Cu3N films on glass substrates is 80W, with 0.8Pa N2-gas partial pressure and 1000C substrate temperature.


Leachate pollution is one of the main problems in landfilling, and researchers have yet to find an effective solution to this problem. The technology that can be used may differ based on the type of leachate produced. In Malaysia, the most problematic pollutants in semi-aerobic (stabilized) leachate are chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammoniacal nitrogen, and color. In the present study, the performance of ozone/Fenton in advanced oxidation process in removing these pollutants was investigated. The optimal dosages of Fenton reagent (0.05 mol L-1 (1,700 mg/L) H2O2 and 0.05 mol L-1 (2,800 mg/L) Fe2+) were determined through preliminary experiments and added to the leachate sample into the ozone reactor. The input ozone concentration in a 2 L leachate sample was 80 g/m3NTP ± 0.5% under 1 bar pressure. The initial COD varied between 250 and 2360 mg/L, color varied between 470 Pt. Co. to 4530 Pt. Co., and NH3-N varied between 150 mg/L to 1170 mg/L. Accordingly, the maximum removal efficiency was 87% for COD, 100% for color, and 22% for NH3-N at lowest leachate concentration. The lowest amount of consumed ozone (1.28 KgO3/ Kg COD) corresponds to the initial concentration of COD (2000 mg/L) with 60% removal of COD during 1 h ozonation. Moreover, the biodegradability (BOD5/COD) ratio improved from 0.09 in raw leachate to 0.27 at 500 mg/L initial COD. The current study revealed that the use of ozone/Fenton (O3/H2O2/Fe2+) in advanced oxidation process is more efficient in removing COD and color in low concentrations of semi-aerobic stabilized leachate and in improving biodegradability.


Recent studies in Herbert and Donne show that most critics focus on the study of theological or biblical aspects of Herbert's and Donne's poetry. This argument is more accurate as far as Herbert is concerned because he inspires the reader's mind as he approaches spiritual life by means of pure simplicity of language and thought. But when it comes to Donne, this argument becomes less accurate, or needs a bit more investigation. Before he decides to write religious poetry, Donne wrote many secular poems mainly about love, yet secular images do not disappear completely in his religious poetry, but rather create a very controversial poet who struggles between his secular and religious character. However, Herbert uses many images, devices, and metaphors of popular love poetry. Herbert's intermingling of secular love images with his serious divine theme does not affect his religious voice in his religious poetry. Rather, this excellent technique of intermingling helps express Herbert's divine themes very effectively. The purpose of this paper is to examine the use of secular love images and devices in the religious poetry of Herbert and Donne. This should help us to decide whose poetry reveals a more religious view of life and more faith than the other.


This paper proposes a system to provide security for the grid infrastructure where authorization and authentication will be made scalable by setting up an authorization framework at the resource provider's end. Our proposed architecture intends to relieve the grid middleware from taking the responsibility of the authorization mechanism, as well as improves the resource provider's trust in the event of a request from the data portal, since the authorization policy will be pulled from its own organizational server. We will demonstrate that this architecture is secure, scalable, and robust, by improving the existing authorization mechanism in grid infrastructures.


Many organic and organometallic compounds are reduced or oxidized in two steps with the addition or removal of the second electron occurring with greater difficulty than the first. In such EE reactions, a comproportionation reaction can occur in solution near the electrode by which the final product exchanges an electron with the reactant to form two molecules of the intermediate species. Normally, this comproportionation reaction has little or no effect in voltammetry. In this paper, a substantial effect of comproportionation is predicted for the case where the second electron-transfer reaction is irreversible. In steady-state voltammetry, the normally symmetric, sigmoid-shaped second wave is predicted to rise more sharply near its base than is observed in the absence of comproportionation and, in the limit of a very fast comproportionation reaction, an "onset potential" develops at which the current at the second wave increases abruptly from the limiting current of the first plateau. Experimental exampl...


L'auteure etudie la vie des femmes artistes et des ecrivaines et se rapporte a leur biographiepour en faire despo'emes ou des recits. Geraldine Moody, la premiere femme photographe dans l'Ouest canadien a la fin du 19e siecle, fait l'objet de son plus recent travail. Geraldine est lapetite-fille de Tecrivaine emblematique lapionni'ere Suzanne Moody. At sixteen I borrowed a reel-to-reel tape recorder and dragged it to Edmonton to interview my great-aunt Emily who remembered escaping from Russia and emigrating to Canada. I still have that afternoon's conversation, now digitized, where Emily's voice with its rich rolling accent recollects when she was no older than I at the time of the interview, describing the family's travels across the ocean and over half a country to live in the prairies--a landscape that was not yet a province. Before I heard the term "narrative research," before I knew that fascination with learning from other's stories could be called "curriculum theory," I was engaged in the work of understanding experience through the biographies and life histories of those around me. Now my studies often centre on story--how people understand their experience through literature and how they interpret those understandings through writing. While much of my research has been with groups of women across all ages, exploring different forms and technologies of writing (e.g., Luce-Kapler 2004, 2007, 2008), it is in my biographical studies that I develop writing practices to bring to these collectives. I examine the lives of women artists and writers, developing responses to their biographies through poetry and narrative (e.g., Luce-Kapler 2003). The interview with great-aunt Emily signaled this nascent interest, which grew to include Emily Carr, Margaret Bourke-White, Kate Chopin and others, the most recent being Geraldine Moodie, the first woman to have a photography studio in western Canada late in the nineteenth century. Geraldine was granddaughter to the iconic pioneer writer, Susanna Moodie. Married at 24 to a distant cousin, John Douglas (J.D.) Moodie, Susanna had a peripatetic life as J.D.'s work in the Northwest Mounted Police took them from post to post across the Prairies and into northern Canada. Limited biographical information about Geraldine suggests that life with J.D. was challenging, the one constant being her camera. Only recently, thanks largely to the work of Donny White, has the full extent and quality of her photography has become known. What follows are five poems from my collection that speculate about her emergence into photography. Bloodlines (Brandon, 1880, 26 years old) she searched the prairies for a trace never having lived where the land marks were unreadable where the slight rise of a hill did not remember carriage rides and Sunday strolls a circle of smooth white stones scorched patches of earth the carcass of an animal memory marked in rhythms she could not hear not England where she travelled garden paths, walking the palimpsest of ancestral footsteps, ancient voices rising from old walls not Ontario where gossamer threads like the silk of a spider in morning frost shone softly etching a history in stone but here buffeted by winds from unseen mountains swirling grains of dust dismantling the unattached even the plentitude of stars swallowed her in their bowl of light Silhouette (Calgary 1886) Last light of the day she walks toward the shadow of mountains imagining a camera behind her framing her journey across the field. For the past month she has had visions in the night, stronger than dreams where she watches herself stumble through hallways, opening doors that lead nowhere, climbing stairs that dissolve into air. She sees the edges of her life, a narrow maze that closes behind her. …


An equivalently discrete coupling coefficient (EDCC) distributed feedback (DFB) semiconductor laser with EDCC grating is numerically investigated and experimentally demonstrated; the EDCC grating structure is designed by discretizing the duty cycle of sampled Bragg grating along the laser cavity, i.e., the cavity is divided into some subsections, and the duty cycle is constant in each subsection while it is different between two adjacent subsections, instead of the truly discrete coupling coefficient grating profile realized by discontinuously varying the duty cycle and/or etching depth of the uniform gating pitch. Moreover, the EDCC grating is fabricated by combining the conventional holographic exposure with a micrometer-level photolithography, which will simplify the fabrication process and reduce the fabrication cost. Based on experimental data, the analysis of spectral behavior as a function of injection current shows that the stable single-longitudinal-mode operation has been realized, even at large injection current and high temperature.


This study aimed to compare the prognosis according to age, genotype or human papillomavirus (HPV) variant in patients with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP).


The propagation of longitudinal ultrasonic waves through fresh and hardened concrete is strongly affected by dispersion and this is clearly indicated experimentally from the change of phase velocity at low frequencies. Analytically, only few attempts have been made to explain this dispersive behavior through enhanced elastic theories. The most commonly used higher order theory is the strain gradient elastic theory which takes into account the microstructural effects in heterogeneous media like concrete. These microstructural effects are described by two internal length scale parameters (g and h) which correspond to the micro-stiffness and micro-inertia respectively. In the current paper, it is shown that Mindlin's gradient theory explains sufficiently the experimentally observed velocity dispersion of the fresh and hardened material sharing different water to cement ratios or sand contents while it is able to inform on concrete's phase change through the monitoring of the relative difference of the g and h values.


Armed with a copy of Quake III, a few tools, and a little knowledge readers can get up to the standard of a professional mod developer. A mod is a way of expanding the game. Readers can then take their skills further as they learn advanced techniques that are closely guarded in the mod world.


Only 50% of patients with aortic stenosis (AS) and low ejection fraction (EF) improve their contractility after surgical aortic valve replacement (AVR). Long‐term prognosis of these patients is strongly correlated to EF recovery after the surgery. The aim of this study was to compare the postoperative left ventricular function recovery in patients with severe AS and reduced EF after AVR and transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI).


A gravity flow dynamic method was applied for pectin extraction from sunflower head (SFH) residues, byproducts of sunflower oil process. Sodium chloride was used as an ion exchange reagent to decoupling the divalent metal ions that bridge the polyanionic pectin with other components in sunflower cell wall tissues. In comparison with sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) that is popularly used for sunflower pectin extraction, sodium chloride can be obtained from domestic resources at low cost, is easily dissolved in water at higher concentrations without causing undesired viscosity increases that, in turn, makes this new extraction procedure simpler, more efficient, and cost-effective. This study also demonstrated that the dynamic method was more efficient than the standard static method with respect to pectin yield, processing time, and energy-consumption. Molecular characterization showed that SFH pectin obtained by the new method had higher galacturonic acid content and higher molecular weight.


Geotextile a newly emerging field in the civil engineering and other fields, offer great potential in varied areas of application globally. It plays a significant part in modern pavement design and maintenance techniques. Ideal materials for infrastructure works, roads, harbors and many others. Growth in use of geotextiles worldwide for transportation application. Geotextiles have been used for thousands of years. Geotextiles were used in roadway constructions in the days of the Pharaohs to stabilize roadways and there ages.Textiles are not only clothing for human body, but also for our motherland in order to protect her. Geotextiles has proven to be among the most versatile and cost-effective ground modification material. Geotextiles should fulfill certain requirements like it must permit material exchange between air and soil without which plant growth is impossible, it must allow rain water to penetrate the soil from outside and also excess water todrain out of earth without erosion of soil. To obtain all these properties in geotextiles, the proper choice of textile fiber is of paramountimportance.


The Core Strategy Initial Sustainability Appraisal looked at how the Core Strategy Development Plan Document contributes to the principles of sustainable development and indicated opportunities for improvement as the Core Strategy continued to be ...