345 A THEORETICALLY AND PRACTICALLY MORE EFFECTIVE METHOD OF OVERDRIVE PACING FOR VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA INTERRUPTION C. Haffajee, B. Berkovits.G.Charos, R.Gold, A. Castellanos,U.Massachusetts Med.Ctr, Worcester, MA, U.S.A. Preliminary favorable experience with a selfadapting beat to beat decremental overdrive pacing (DOP) method for termination of ventricular tachycardia (VT) led to testing this DOP method (in a modified version) against conventional methods of pacing for VT interruption in 15 pts undergoing routine programmed ventricular stimulation and serial drug testing for inducible VT. The conventional methods tested were diastolic scanning with single(Sx) and double (SiS,) V extra-stimuli, and overdrive-burst pacing (OD) as described by Fisher, et al. The DOP method applies a train of V extrastimuli synchronised to the R of a VT beat, and each subsequent V extrastimulus is automatically decreased by 3.5% of the VT cycle length. DOP trains are initiated at 5 beats and increased by a sirlgle beat up to a maximum of 15 beats with an intertrain sensing time of 10 VT beats or VT interruption. The efficacy and safety of the different methods is tabulated below for induced VT:DOP Sĵ S S^ OD-Burst Efficacy 93% 12% 25% 55% VT Acceleration 0% 0% 5% 6% In Conclusion: 1) DOP i s more effective and safer than conventional methods for VT in te r rupt ion . 2) DOP lends i t s e l f for application as an anti tacnycardia method in an implantable automatic elfectrical device for pat ients with refractory VT. 347 I S PERMENENT PACEMAKER METHOD OF CHOICE FOR VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA REVERSION M.Djordjevic,M.Grujic,P.Stojanov Pacemaker Center,Medical Faculty University of Belgrade,Yugoslavia I t is widely discussed whether the implantation of antitachycardia pacema• ker(ATPM)is method of choice in patients (pts)with ventricular tachycardia(VT). The authors implanted ATPM in 4 pts with reentry VT resistent to medical treatment.In f i rs t 2 pts Siemens-Elema (SE)P-24 PM,patient activated system by radiophrequency,was implanted,and in other 2 pts SE Tachylog P-43 PM.In al l pts extrastimulus(ES)method was used.In 3pts success was achieved with 2ES.In 1 pt who had 2 types of VT,2 programmes were applied by 2 external control boxes one programme with 2 ES,the other with burst of 7 ES.The mean follow-up is 13 months.The programme was changed only in 1 pt.In other 3 pts,the selected pacing programme proved many times to be efficient. According to our modest experience, implantation of ATPM may be the method of choice only in selected pts with VT. 346 HARDWAREAND SOFTWARE RELATED DANGEROUS EVENTS IN ANTITACHYCARDIC PACING RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THEIR PREVENTION. W.Scheibelhofer,P.Probst,J.Kaliman,A.Laczkovics Kardiologische Univ.Kl in ik ,Vienna,Austr ia In ant i tachycard ic (AT) pacing,some r i sks ( l ike acceiieration) are int r ins ica l ly linked to • the principle of action of the method and cannot be to ta l ly eliminated.Other problems,however,a re caused by the specific type of PM used and are potential ly avoidable.Two such examples are presented in this paper. Since 1980,we have implanted 13 AT-PM systems (11 patient-activated by external devices,2 are fu l l y automatic).In 1 pat.,a random component fa i lure of the external activator caused high frequency ventricular burst pacing instead of programmed extrast imul i , this led to ventricular f l u t te r and the pt.had to be cardioverted.A 2nd AT-PM (programmed to triggered mode,pace l im i t of f , refractory period 200msec) showed a sudden rate increase to 285 bpm,most probably caused by afterpotential sensing and tr iggering. Both events i l lus t ra te the importance of upper rate l imi ts in ventricular AT pacing with ex ternally triggered devices.Such l imi ts should be available in a l l systems intended for ventr i cular use,and the pace l im i t should be programmed "on" when the patient is not under direct ECG monitoring. 348 LONG-TERM EFFICACY OF ENDOCARDIAL ENCIRCLING VENTRICULOTOMY FOR VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA: COMPLETE VERSUS PARTIAL INCISION ? M.Borggrefe,G.Breithardt,J.Ostertiieyer,W.Bircks Medicai/Surgical Hospital B, University of Dusseldorf, Germany 40 pts with sustained VT underwent ei ther complete (n=12) or par t ia l (n=28) endocardial enci rc l ing ventricuiotomy(EEV).An pts had coronary artery disease, mean age 54 years, 35 pts had LV aneurysms. Aneurysmectomy was performed in 35 p ts . 30 pts also received coronary artery bypass g ra f t s . There were 3 surgical deaths (7.5%): 1/12 with complete and 2/28 with part i a l EEV. All survivors underwent programmed RV st imulat ion postoperat ively. VT was not induc ib le in 8/11 pts (72%) with complete and in 19/26 pts (73%) with par t ia l EEV. During fo l lowup of 18.9 months (mean,2 weeks to 50 months) 2 pts had a recurrence of VT: 1 pt with complete and another with par t ia l EEV. There were no sudden deaths. 6 pts died la te postoperatively:3 of congestive heart fai lure(CHF), 1 of re in farc t ion and 1 of pneumonia. 3/11 pts (27%) with complete and 1/26 (3.8 %) wi th par t ia l EEV died because of CHF ( p <.O3 ) . Thus, complete and part ia l EEV guided by endocardial mapping are equally e f fec t ive in terms of antiarrhythmic e f f icacy, but the incidence of congestive heart f a i l u re is s ign i f i can t l y higher in pts with complete EEV. PACE, Vol. 8 May-June 1985, Part II A-87 3rd EUROPEAN SYMPOSIUM ON CARDIAC PACING 349 SITE OF ORIGIN OF VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA INFLUENCES EFFICACY OF SUBENDOCARDIAL RESECTION. S.Saksena,N.Wasty,S.M.Hussaln,I.Gielchinsky, V.Parsonnet.Newark Beth I s r a e l Med.Ctr.,NJ,USA. Subendqcardlal resect ion(SR)is performed in p ts with ven t r i cu l a r tachycardia(VT)but i t s efficacy (E)as r e l a t ed to the s i t e of origin(SO)ofVT i s not known.We analyzed theE ofSR in24pts,aged59+ 7yrs,withCAD&VT.All p t s underwent preoperat ive mapping(PM)&intraoperative niapping(IM)prior to SR.Postoperative(PO)electrophysiologic s tud ies (EPS)were performed 7 to 14days afterSR in the drug-free state,Followup ranged from Ito36(niean 13±9)months.Pts were c l a s s i f i ed according toSO: Group(Gp)A-14pts(anter ior /septal / la teralS0) ,GpBlOp t s ( i n f e r i o r / pos t e r i o r S0).GpsA6iB were conrparable.Localization of presystolic e lectr ical act iv i ty duringVT byPM&IM was comparable in both Gps(100%).Resectability ofSO was higher inGpA(Gp A-100%,GpB-40%,p<.01).Nonresectability inGpB was related to proximity ofSO to posterior papillary' muscle(5pts)or to a thin septal scar(lpt).VT in^ duction atPO EPS was higher inGpB(GpA-15%,GpB67%,p: .05).Perioperative mortality was comparable(GpA-7%,GpB-10%).PO antiarrhythmic therapy was insti tuted more frequently inGpB(GpA-2pts, GpB-6pts,p<.05).Actuarial survival analysis showed improved pt survival post-SR for both Gps. We conclude that the E ofSR i s related toSO of VT;SR has reduced efficacy in VT with inferior/ posteriorSO due to nonresectability ofSO. 351 OPEN CHEST ABLATION OF HISS BUNDLE WITHOUT CARDIOPULMONARY BY-PASS. L . S i l v a , E . d e Teresa,J.A.Novoa,J.Marquez,J.J.Hufilanchas, J.Moreu, M.Artaza. The surgical approach to the treatment of ventricular arrhythmias is sometimes pr£ duced by the high risk inherent to cardî o pulmonary by pass.An alternative proced^ re to the electrical ablation of the hi'ŝ s bundle is presented herein. A 40 years old patient suffering a nonoperable ventricular aneurysm secondary to acute anterior myocardial infarction presented recurrent episodes of ventricular fibrillation preceeded by a hissian tachycardie documented at EF studies and refractory to multiple drug-regimes.An special hollow electrode was designed to localize hiss bundle by means of right atrial punction after medial sternotomy. Then, a needle was advanced through the electrode, and high-degree ethyl alcohol was injected into hiss bundle, producing A-V block. A DDD Medthonic-Versatrax paC£ maker was implanted, and adequately programmed.Two years later the patient remains free of arrhythmias. We conclude that the procedure described here may be helpful in the management of of very selected patients suffering from lifertreatment ventricular arrhythmias. 3 5 0 CURRENT CONCEPTS IN SURGERY OF VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA . G. Frajik, H. Klein, P.R. Lichtlen, H.G. Borst Medical School, Hannover, West-Germany From 1980 to 19814, 57 patients (52 male, 5 female, age 30 to 71 years) were operated for sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT). 53 pts. had previous myocardial infarction, in h pts. VT was not related to infarct. In all but 2 pts. intraoperative endocardial mapping was performed, ^k pts. had endocardial incision only, 39 underwent endocardial resection and 3 had ventriculotomy only; in ll* pts. additional cryosurgery were used. Early mortality was 12 %, late mortality Th %, recurrence occured in 2 of 1*3 survivors (5 % ) . Operative mortality could be lowered from 23 % in the first 2 years to 5.5 % in the latter 2 years, recurrence rate fell from 12. % to 0. Causes of improvement of the results are seen in better diagnostic methods and superior surgical technique following these concepts: 1. Consequent resection instead of incision of arrhythmogenic endocardium. 2. Additional use of cr:-otechniques. 3. Revascularization prior to mapping. It. Alternative implantation of automatic defibrillators in inoperable pts. with poor left ventricular function (EF <• 20 % ) . A. V. Conduction Disturbances: Diagnostic Procedures 352 PREDICTIVE VALUE OF AJMALINE TEST IN THE EVOLUTION OF SYMPTOMATICS BIFASCICULAR BLOCK TO COII-


Abstract Energy requirements of captive Lesser Scaup ducks (Aythya affinis) were determined from hatching to 12 weeks using a feeding trial and comparative slaughter method. Food intake was measured directly; metabolizable energy intake by a chromic oxide indicator and calorimetry; net energy for gain by comparative slaughter; and total heat production by difference. Live weight growth was measured and dry matter growth estimated from a regression of percentage dry matter on age. Food intake (dry) increased from 6.7 gm./duck/day during the 1st week to a peak of 52.5 gm. in the 5th week. Metabolizable energy intake averaged 5,575 Kcal. during the first 7 weeks, the assumed preflight period. Percentage carcass dry matter increased from 30 percent at 1 week to 45 percent at 12 weeks. A similar trend occurred in wild scaup though percentages were lower due to the lower fat content. Data are given for the proximate composition of carcasses for the first 12 weeks.


We assess the correlations between tribalism and financial development in 60 countries using data averages from 2000 to 2010. The tribalism index is used to measure tribalism whereas financial development is measured from perspectives of financial intermediary and stock market developments. The long-term finance variable is stock market capitalisation while short-run variable is private and domestic credit. We find that tribalism is negatively correlated with financial development and the magnitude of negativity is higher for financial intermediary development relative to stock market development. The findings are particularly relevant to African and Middle Eastern countries where the scourge of tribalism is most pronounced. JEL: E62, H11, H20, G20, O43


Extensive research has shown that performance feedback influences organizational actions. From a theoretical standpoint, existing research tends to assume that performance feedback affects various organizational actions in the same way. From an empirical standpoint, however, existing evidence suggests that performance feedback may affect these actions differently. In this study, we first assess the different characteristics of inter- and intra- organizational actions and offer a theoretical foundation for differentiating these two types of actions in performance feedback research. We then use meta-analytic techniques to test our theoretical predictions using existing empirical evidence. Our results support the notion that the performance feedback theory needs to differentiate between various types of organizational actions. First, we find that performance below aspirations has a stronger impact on inter-organizational actions, while performance above aspirations has a stronger impact on intra-organization...


The present invention relates to a winding apparatus of a reinforcement belt for a tire for heavy load, which reinforces a belt layer arranged between a carcass and a tread within a tread of a tire for heavy load and, in particular, to a reinforcement belt molding apparatus for a tire for heavy load, which molds a reinforcement belt positioned between a second belt and a third belt in a belt layer by supplying two strains of topping steel cords topped with rubber from a drum of a molding apparatus. For this, the present invention provides a reinforcement belt molding apparatus for a tire for heavy load, which molds a reinforcement belt (6) by topping steel cords (2) supplied from a let-off (1) with rubber at a rubber topping unit (3) and winding the steel cords on a molding drum (5) through a loop storage (4). The reinforcement belt molding apparatus for a tire for heavy load has a structure in which two strains of steel cords (2) are supplied from the let-off (1) to be separated, and pre-heated at a pre-heater (7) at a temperature suitable for topping rubber, and the two strains of steel cords (2) which passed through the pre-heater (7) are respectively topped at the rubber topping unit (3) and supplied to the loop storage (4). In the loop storage (4), the two strains of rubber topped steel cords (2a) are moved toward the center from both ends of the molding drum (5) by an EPI adjustment guide (8) and wound to be molded.


Paper-based devices have attracted extensive attention due to their portability, low-cost, ubiquity, low environmental footprint and ease of operation. In the present study, two lanthanide complexes, namely [Eu(PBA)3(H2O)2] (Eu-PBA) and [Tb(HPBA)2(NO3)3] (Tb-HPBA) were synthesized using an amide-type β-diketone building block, N-(2-pyridinyl)benzoylacetamide (HPBA), which is capable of changing its energy-level to match that of Tb3+ and Eu3+ ions in an acid–base environment. This feature was used for the design and assembly of a simple and cost-effective paper-based lanthanide smart device (abbreviated as Paper-Eu/Tb), which was obtained by impregnating the filter paper with both the Eu-PBA and Tb-HPBA complexes; related homometallic Paper-Eu and Paper-Tb materials were also generated and characterized for comparative purposes. The obtained Paper-Eu/Tb device shows excellent luminescence properties, thus allowing its efficient use as a smart sensor for the naked-eye detection of various acid–base vapours with quick response, good reversibility and selectivity. A similar concept and the resulting paper-based device was also successfully expanded for other applications that include anti-counterfeiting and logic gate systems. Full characterization of the paper-based materials and examples of their use are described.
 Introduction to the international collaboration
 The present article is a part of an ongoing collaboration between the College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Lanzhou University (P.R. China) and Instituto Superior Tecnico of University of Lisbon (Portugal). Starting from 2013, this collaboration has been successful in merging the expertise of the Chinese group on novel rare-earth complexes and their smart devices for luminescent probes, tumor marker/treatment, optical anti-counterfeiting, and catalysis with that of the Portuguese group on coordination chemistry, crystal engineering, and catalysis. This Sino-European collaboration has already resulted in the publication of 10 research papers devoted to the design and assembly of various smart nanocomposite materials for applications ranging from cancer therapy and detection of biomarkers to oxidation catalysis and sensing or separation of metal ions.


To understand motivations and deterrents to donate COVID‐19 convalescent plasma for a clinical trial and determine whether they predict intention to donate source plasma.


The hydrogen isotopic compositions in single hydrocarbons was measured by gas chromatography-thermoconversion-mass spectrometry (GC/TC/MS). The results showed that the temperature in the reactor, the gas amount injected into GC and the split ratio of natural gas injected into GC inlet affect the determination result of the hydrogen isotopic composition. Using the certified reference natural gas, the hydrogen isotopic of methane in Wen31 well is δD v-smow= -154‰. The uncertainties of the hydrogen isotopic measurement of methane, ethane and propane were researched. Although their measuring standard deviation is less, the uncertainty of results is larger because of the larger uncertainty of the certified reference natural gas.


The traine the trainers program has the purpose to help the students in the process in acquiring specific skills and competences concerning the adult training programs. In contemporary society lifelong learning is currently a necessity. During this training students will have the opportunity to acquire these key competencies needed in developing training programs for adults. Special emphasis is placed on appreciative pedagogy, model taken from the field of appreciative inquiry, which proposes a new form of rapprochement between the trainee and trainer. During these programs the students will have the opportunity to learn about: 1.How to preparate the training program 2.How to sustain the training program 3.How to evaluate the trainees 4.How to apply specific training methods and techniques 5.How to promote a training program 6.How to design training programs 7.How to organise training programs and internships 8.How to assure the quality of training programs and internships


The experimental study on the cast-in-situ drilled piles with grouting is performed on the bridge foundation in Wenzhou.As a result,the bearing capacity can be increased more than 37.5% compared with the normal one.The calculating method and the construction techoology of the cast-in-situ drilled piles with grouting are elaborated.Compared with the static loading experiments,the application of the cast-in-situ drilled piles with grouting is testified to be successful in the highway engineering of Wenzhou.


Abstract Germinating wheat grains with up to five shoots were found in hybrid lines derived from the variety Gabo. It is possible that they were induced by weed spray hormones.


Social engineering is a new concept and model of academic research.In the beginning of April,2006,the First Symposium of Social Engineering Theory and Method,initiated by the field of philosophic and social sciences in China was held in Xi'an.The concept,object,orientation and way of the study,relation with the ideology and the models and features of the study in advanced countries are discussed from different subject angles.It is believed that the proposal and further study of social engineering open a new field of research and will lead to a strategic change of the idea and model of education in China,thus are much significant to solving problems in modern society.


The present invention relates to a support device adapted to support a lying patient comprising a mattress (10) supported or able to rest on a mattress or bed frame (11) comprising: a1) means for adjusting the length of the mattress using inflatable transverse cells (8-1,8-4) pneumatically independent forming a so-called retractable area zone (8), and a2) moving means together with an end region (9) adjacent said retractable zone, and b) adjustment means for the width of the mattress comprising at least one lateral longitudinal inflatable cell (2,2a, 2b) extending in the longitudinal direction (XX ') of the mattress.


The paper developed a method for predicting the precipitation of heavy homogeneous dust particles in a slightly turbulent wind. Precipitation models in a slightly turbulent wind can serve to estimate the design zones of contamination during the emission of heavy particles in the event of accidents at industrial facilities obtained by numerical simulation in the framework of other models.The paper developed a method for predicting the precipitation of heavy homogeneous dust particles in a slightly turbulent wind. Precipitation models in a slightly turbulent wind can serve to estimate the design zones of contamination during the emission of heavy particles in the event of accidents at industrial facilities obtained by numerical simulation in the framework of other models.


Abstract Nanostructured polymeric materials play important roles in many advanced applications, however, controlling the morphologies of polymeric thermosets remains a challenge. This work uses multi‐arm macroCTAs to mediate polymerization‐induced microphase separation (PIMS) and prepare nanostructured materials via photoinduced 3D printing. The characteristic length scale of microphase‐separated domains is determined by the macroCTA arm length, while nanoscale morphologies are controlled by the macroCTA architecture. Specifically, using 2‐ and 4‐ arm macroCTAs provides materials with different morphologies compared to analogous monofunctional linear macroCTAs at similar compositions. The mechanical properties of these nanostructured thermosets can also be tuned while maintaining the desired morphologies. Using multi‐arm macroCTAs can thus broaden the scope of accessible nanostructures for extended applications, including the fabrication of actuators and potential drug delivery devices.


Excavation height on the left abutment of Hongjiadu Hydropower Station is 310 m, the highest excavation side in conservancy and hydropower engineering history of China, In order to ensure stability of the high side, the pre stress with 150 t anchor cables are used as a reinforcement measure. Before construction of the cables in large scale, the anchor test of the pre stress anchor cables was conducted for the purposes of defining and optimizing the design parameters of the anchor cable will be used, examining the feasibility of various corollary materials and construction process will be adopted.


A patient with the articular syndrome and arterial hypertension (AH) is well known to have elevated blood pressure levels with co-administration of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and most classes of antihypertensive agents. This effect may be attended by a higher risk for cardiovascular events. A physician's task is to choose the most optimal treatment regimen for musculoskeletal disease in patients with AH. Nimesulide may be the drug of choice in treating this group of patients.


Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) regions of difference (RD) encode proteins which are potentially useful as diagnostic reagents for tuberculosis (TB). In this study, 75 genes from M. tuberculosis RD1‐RD16 were successfully cloned from which 68 proteins were expressed and purified. Three serum pools from patients with pulmonary TB (PTB), extra‐pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) and healthy controls (HC) were used to preliminarily screen individual RD proteins. The OD630 ratio of the PTB or EPTB to the HC group ≥ 2‐fold was positive. As a result, 29 proteins were obtained. The serological response to the identified antigens was further verified using 58 PTB samples with 38 sera from smear‐positive PTB (PTB‐SP) patients and 20 sera from smear‐negative PTB (PTB‐SN) patients, 16 EPTB samples, 42 latent M. tuberculosis infection samples and 40 HCs by indirect ELISA. With respect to the PTB diagnosis, receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that Rv0222 [area under the curve (AUC), 0.8129; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.7280–0.8979] and Rv3403c (AUC, 0.8537; 95% CI, 0.7779–0.9294) performed better than ESAT6/CFP10 (AUC, 0.7435; 95% CI, 0.6465–0.8406). Rv0222 and Rv3403c demonstrated the highest diagnostic ability in the PTB‐SP group (sensitivity, 86.8%; specificity, 80%), while Rv3403c demonstrated the highest diagnostic ability in the PTB‐SN group (sensitivity, 70%; specificity, 80%). With respect to the EPTB diagnosis, Rv0222 exhibited the highest diagnostic value (AUC, 0.7523; sensitivity, 68.8%; specificity, 87.5%). In addition, the combination of Rv0222 and Rv3403c improved the test for PTB‐SN. These results indicate that Rv0222 and Rv3403c would be potential diagnostic biomarkers for active TB serodiagnosis. Mouse experiments demonstrated that Rv0222 and Rv3403c elicited specific cellular and humoral responses which were characterized by production of IFN‐γ, IgG1, and IgG2a, but a higher level of IgG1 than IgG2a.


I would like to thank Turl for his overview of the various forms of the multiverse hypothesis and its possible points of contact with Christian theology.1 It is an area of much potential confusion due to the overlapping language of several distinct ideas. The inadvertent mixing of these separate ideas often leads to problems in both scientific and theological discussions of their consequences. Turl's commentary, utilising the hierarchical structure of Tegmark,2 provides a useful framework for clearer discussions on this topic.


The utility model discloses a double-region multifunctional heater which comprises a base, containers, a kettle body, a first heating device, a second heating device and a kettle cover, wherein the containers and the first heating device are arranged on one side of the base; the kettle body and the second heating device are arranged on the other side of the base; the first heating device is used for heating the container; the second heating device is used for heating the kettle body; the kettle body is mounted on the base; a display screen and a control device are arranged on the base; a base connector is arranged on one side, which is close to the kettle body, of the base; the second heating device is arranged at the bottom of the kettle body, and a heating device connector is arranged at the lower end of the second heating device and is connected with the base connector; the first heating device and the second heating device are electric heaters. According to the double-region multifunctional heater, the two containers are arranged on the heater, and the control device mounted on the base can control the two electric heating devices, so that the heater can realize multifunctional control on two regions simultaneously.


Progress is reported on the following research projects: response of embryo regions to nutrition; synthesis of serum proteins by the yolk-sac; serum protein synthesis in relation to protein nutrition, protease secretion, teratogenic agents, genetic abnormalities, yolk-sac cell cultures, and cell free systems; and effects of serum proteins on rat embryos, chick embryos without yolk-sacs, and isolated brains. (HLW)


Objectives To establish the current state of knowledge on the effect of surgical simulation on the development of technical competence during surgical training. Methods Using a defined search strategy, the medical and educational literature was searched to identify empirical research that uses simulation as an educational intervention with surgical trainees. Included studies were analysed according to guidelines adapted from a Best Evidence in Medical Education review. Results A total of 32 studies were analysed, across 5 main categories of surgical simulation technique - use of bench models and box trainers (9 studies); Virtual Reality (14 studies); human cadavers (4 studies); animal models (2 studies) and robotics (3 studies). An improvement in technical skill was seen within the simulated environment across all five categories. This improvement was seen to transfer to the real patient in the operating room in all categories except the use of animals. Conclusions Based on current evidence, surgical trainees should be confident in the effects of using simulation, and should have access to formal, structured simulation as part of their training. Surgical simulation should incorporate the use of bench models and box trainers, with the use of Virtual Reality where resources allow. Alternatives to cadaveric and animal models should be considered due to the ethical and moral issues surrounding their use, and due to their equivalency with other simulation techniques. However, any use of surgical simulation must be tailored to the individual needs of trainees, and should be accompanied by feedback from expert tutors.


Solar flares are the most powerful explosions occurring in the solar system, which may lead to disastrous space weather events and impact various aspects of our Earth. It remains a big challenge in modern astrophysics to understand the origin of solar flares and predict their onset. Based on the analysis of soft X-ray emission observed by the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite, this work reports a new discovery of very long-periodic pulsations occurring in the preflare phase before the onset of solar flares (preflare-VLPs). These pulsations typically have periods of 8–30 min and last for about 1–2 hr. They are possibly generated from LRC oscillations of plasma loops where electric current dominates the physical process during magnetic energy accumulation in the source region. Preflare-VLPs provide essential information for understanding the triggering mechanism and origin of solar flares, and may be a convenient precursory indicator to help us respond to solar explosions and the corresponding disastrous space weather events.


During the period from 1977 to 1984, Pickard, Lowe and Garrick, Inc., had the lead in preparing several full scope probabilistic risk assessments for electric utilities. Five of those studies are discussed from the point of view of advancements and lessons learned. The objective and trend of these studies is toward utilization of the risk models by the plant owners as risk management tools. Advancements that have been made are in presentation and documentation of the PRAs, generation of more understandable plant level information, and improvements in methodology to facilitate technology transfer. Specific areas of advancement are in the treatment of such issues as dependent failures, human interaction, and the uncertainty in the source term. Lessons learned cover a wide spectrum and include the importance of plant specific models for meaningful risk management, the role of external events in risk, the sensitivity of contributors to choice of risk index, and the very important finding that the public risk is extremely small. The future direction of PRA is to establish less dependence on experts for in†plant application. Computerizing the PRAs such that they can be accessed on line and interactively is the key.


Steganography is the art of concealing information within different types of media objects such as images or audio files. Its counterpart, Steganalysis, is the study of methods that uncover information in a suspicious file, which has being altered for stego purposes. Its techniques rely on the inspection of changes at the pixel information level. In this paper, we propose a method for Secret-key Steganography that uses a picture to conceal a message with unaltered pixel information, so it would be secure against Steganalysis inspection techniques. This is possible using a technique derived from code obfuscation using random numbers. In summary, we will modify the stego-key transmitted during the communication process, which maps the information in the unaltered cover image. So the original message will be reconstructed by the receiver using the seeds of Pseudo-Random Number Generators, included in the stego-key. The proposed technique is secure against classical steganalysis attacks because it leaves the original and generated stego images unchanged.


The aim was to analyze the changes in central corneal thickness values due to soft contact lens wear. We analyzed the central corneal thickness values (baseline measurements) of 15 myopic adolescent soft contact lens wearers (15 eyes; aged 15 to 16 years old). Three years later, the central corneal thickness was measured again. We also measured the central corneal thickness of 31 myopic adolescents who did not use contact lenses (31 eyes; aged 15 to 16 years old) and 34 myopic contact lens wearers aged between 25 and 40 years old (34 eyes). We obtained the mean of five measurements using the Orbscan Topography System II (Orbscan, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT, USA). In the later measurements (three years) there was a significant decrease in the central corneal thickness values (p=0.012) of the adolescent contact lens wearers and the contact lens subjects aged 25 to 40 years old (p<0.001). This decrease was not found in the adolescent non-contact lens wearers (p=0.476). The central corneal thickness values of the adolescent contact lens wearers were significantly lower than the baseline values up to four weeks after removal of their contact lenses (p=0.201). In conclusion, there was a significant reduction in the anatomic values of corneal thickness associated with soft contact lens wearers, although baseline thickness values recovered to normal levels approximately one month after the use of contact lenses had ceased.


S OF PAPERS PRESENTED AT THE 28th ANNUAL MEETING OF THE AUSTRALIAN COLLEGE OF PAEDIATRICS MAY, 1983 1. GASTRO-OESOPHAGEAL REFLUX (GOR) IN INFANTS AND CHILDREN. COURSE AND OUTCOME IN 126 CONSECUTIVE CASES R. Shepherd, J. Wren, S. Evans, M. Lander and T. Ong Departments of Gastroenterology and Surgery, Royal Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Q'land. Presented by R . Shepherd Early studies on the natural history of GOR in infants (Carre 1959) showed that without active therapy, 60% were symptom-free by 18 months of age, with greatest improvement by 8-10 months 30% continued to be symptomatic during childhood, 5% had peptic strictures and 5% died of pneumonia or malnutrition. In a similar study of 126 consecutive patients with GOR, we have evaluated the effect of active therapy and early recognition of oesophagitis by endoscopy on the clinical course and outcome of the condition. Therapy was initially conservative in all cases (postural therapy, thickening feeds, antacids, bethanechol), augmented by cimetidine in those with proven oesophagitis (n=34, 27%). Indications for surgery included recurrent chest disease, persisting severe oesophagitis and failed medical management with ongoing morbidity considering age of the patient and natural history. In the 1-3 year follow-up to date, 82% have responsed satisfactorily to medical management by 18 months (51% having ceased treatment by 8-10 months, 5% requiring ongoing treatment >18 months), 18% have had anti-reflux surgery and good results (1.6% with strictures requiring dilatation and eventual surgery) and no deaths. Oesophagitis was a major determinant of outcome (59% of those with oesophagitis requiring surgery). We emphasize the importance of early endoscopy in selected cases as other diagnostic tests (radiography, scintiscan, pH probe) are poor predictors of true "pathological" reflux. Aggressive therapeutic efforts can then be directed to the minority of patients who are more likely to develop severe complications. 2. WILSON'S DISEASE A PLEA FOR EARLY DIAGNOSIS S. F. A. Dorney and K. R. Kamath Department of Gastroenterology, Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children, Camperdown, NSW. Presented by S. F. A. Dorney In the nine years from January 1974 to January 1983, eight cases of Wilson's disease have been diagnosed at the Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children in Sydney. In a search of the past hospital records, we could find only two cases diagnosed before 1974, both children dying of liver cirrhosis before effective therapy could be instituted. Of our eight cases, two died of their disease because they presented with advanced disease (one neurological, one hepatic), but the remaining six are doing well (follow-up six months to eight years). Wilson's disease is a disabling and ultimately fatal disorder when untreated, but when treatment is instituted before irreversible damage occurs, a normal life can be expected. The reason for late diagnosis (as occurred in two of our cases and the two cases before 1974) i s a combination of the variable and non-specific early manifestations of the disease and a low clinical index of suspicion. In this report we shall briefly present our experience with the eight cases and illustrate the diagnostic problems. 3. GLUCOSE POLYMER INTOLERANCE, A NEW PROBLEM? J. A. Walker-Smith and V. Oberholzer Queen Elizabeth Hospital for Children, Hackney Road, London €2 BPS. Presented by Nigel Meadows In 1978, the carbohydrate source of Pregestimil was changed from glucose to glucose polymer in the form of corn starch oil, to reduce the osmolality of the feed. Infants under nine months of age depend upon the brush border enzymes maltase and isomaltase for the digestion of s takhes. Recently interest has centred upon the role of the enzyme glucoamylase, in starch digestion. It is responsible for 30% of maltase-like activity in the small intestine and is present in adult concentrations at birth. We wish to present four infants who presented with glucose polymer intolerance, it is speculated that loss of brush border enzyme activity played an important role. RS presented age 10 weeks with a three-week history of diarrhoea. Small intestinal biopsy revealed a patchy enteropathy with normal lactase activity but negligible sucrase-siomaltase activity. Regrading onto SMA resulted in diarrhoea. Substitution with Pregestimil resulted in diarrhoea and stool chromatography revealed excess glucose polymers. Regrading onto Caloreen gave the same picture. He was subsequently successfully managed with dextrose. The remaining three infants, all post-operative, developed the same clinical picture with glucose polymers in the stool on Pregestimil. It is suggested that glucose polymer substitution may result in intolerance to Pregestimil and that glucose polymer intolerance is an important cause of chronic diarrhoea in infancy.


stylized dances (Deuxième valse, Callirhoë – Air de Ballet, Valse romantique), works in the 'songs without words' vein (Solitude, Souvenance), emotionally charged late-Romantic effusions (Etude pathétique, Elévation), a barcarolle (Pecheurs de nuit), and Spanish-inflected music (La lisonjera). Jacobs' playing is admirable throughout. He effectively demonstrates that there is more variety to Chaminade's piano music than has been generally acknowledged, emphasizing in turn delicacy, exuberance, lyricism, brilliance, serenity, vitality, passion and playfulness. The Scherzo in C major momentarily lacks the desired rhythmic fluidity, but this is a minor criticism. In his pithy, wellwritten liner notes – given in English, French and German – Calum MacDonald finds similarities to the piano music of a number of well-established composers, including Chopin, Liszt, Schumann, Debussy, Brahms and Fauré. We might add Mussorgsky (Callirhoë – Air de Ballet has much in common with 'The Ballet of Unhatched Chicks' from Pictures at an Exhibition) and even Beethoven (Automne is reminiscent of the 'Pathétique' Sonata). More importantly, however, these recordings highlight virtues particularly characteristic of Chaminade's piano music, including her crystalline textures, highly appealing melodies, fluid transitions and inventive accompaniments. As MacDonald asserts, the reputation of Chaminade 'almost certainly calls out for upward revision'. He need not have been so tentative. This disc goes a long way towards making his point.


Arctic landscapes are characterised by an immense number of fresh and brackish water habitats – lakes, ponds and puddles. Due to a rather harsh environment, there is a limited number of species inhabiting these ecosystems. Present biological communities are impacted and changed by recent climate-driven regime shifts. New species may appear, and existing communities may become supressed or even disappear depending on how their ecological needs interact with ongoing changes. This study provides data on presently existing and probably recently arriving fresh and brackish water microcrustacean species in Norwegian High Arctic - Svalbard archipelago. The study focused on two taxa groups, Cladocera and Copepoda and altogether we found seven taxa new for Svalbard: Alona werestschagini, Polyphemus pediculus, Diaptomus sp., Diacyclops abyssicola, Nitokra spinipes, Epactophanes richardi and Geeopsis incisipes. Compared with an existing overview for the area, our study increased the number of species by more than 20 %, and some of the new species have never been found that far north. Finally, we present a complete and critically updated revised species list of fresh and brackish water cladocerans and copepods for Svalbard.


Voltammograms of the reduction of metal complexes obtained for ligand-deficient systems have certain features [1]. Steady-state curves contain pre-waves and the splitting of current maximum into two peaks is observed under linear potential sweep (LPS) conditions. Despite of the complex shape, their transformation into linear normalized Tafel plots (NTP) is possible. For this, the following procedures should be followed.
Since the kinetic equations contain the surface concentration of the electrochemically active complex, the current density must be normalized with respect to this value. The latter can be determined using the model of mass transfer of chemically interacting particles [1]. According to it, the total concentrations of the metal, ligand, or proton donors and acceptors obey laws of diffusion; hence, these quantities can be obtained using common procedures. Further, if the system is sufficiently labile, individual surface concentrations are available from the material balance equations with the analytical expressions of stability constants.
Analysis of the LPS voltammograms obtained for the Cu|Cu(II), glycine system is presented. NTPs, close to linear, were obtained for the charge transfer process Cu(II)L+ + e = Cu(I)L. The following kinetic parameters were obtained at pH 4: the cathodic charge transfer coefficient αc = 0.44 and and the exchange current density i01 = 0.14 mA cm-2.
The method applied can be extended to other electrochemical systems where charge transfer is coupled with chemical steps. A similar analysis of hydrogen evolution on the copper electrode in acetate solutions has been carried out, yielding αc = 0.76 and i0 = 0.3 nA cm-2. Acetic acid acts as a labile proton donor in this case.


Two micromechanical elastic-plastic behaviour models, developed within the framework of finite transformations and coupled with self consistent scale transition approach, are used to study the evolution of yield surfaces of polycrystalline ferritic steels during strain path changes. The importance of the impact of intragranular microstructure on behaviour anisotropy under complex loadings is shown thanks to the introduction of intragranular microstructure modelling in one of these models


The aim of the present study was to evaluate the changes in physiological responses and serum biochemical panel in crossbred dairy cow populations kept in a hot climate environment. We used a population of 384 dairy cows of genetic groups ½Holstein × ½Guzera (n = 105) and ¾Holstein × ¼Guzera (n = 279) derived from the Brazilian semiarid region. The physiological responses analyzed were: respiratory rate (RR, movements/minute), rectal temperature (RT, °C), free thyroxine (T4, µg/mL) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH, µUI/mL). The values of RR, RT, T4, TSH and serum levels of glucose, cholesterol, total protein, urea and creatinine were determined and correlated with milk production for 305 days, correlation lying only with TSH. Significant differences were observed just in milk production, RR and TSH comparing the genetic groups ½Holstein × ½Guzera and ¾Holstein × ¼Guzera. In conclusion, ¾Holstein × ¼Guzera cows showed higher thyroid activity and milk production than ½Holstein × ½Guzera cows, and may therefore be a better option for dairy production systems in semiarid regions.


Objective To clone the cysteine proteinase cDNA fragment from Pagumogonimus skrjabini adults, obtain the sequence and do the sequence analysis. Methods The cysteine proteinase cDNA fragment was amplified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT PCR) with degenerate oligonucleotide primers. The product was TA cloned into the pUCm T vector and sequenced. DNASIS program was used to analyse the nucleotide sequence and deduce the amino acid sequence, which was aligned with the correlated parasite cysteine proteinase afterwards. Results A 495 bp cDNA fragment was amplified by RT PCR and sequenced. An amino acid sequence was deduced by DNASIS. Sequence analysis and alignment showed significant homologies with the correlated parasite cysteine proteinases and conservation of Cys,His and Asn residues that form a catalytic triad. Conclusions The cysteine proteinase cDNA fragment from Pagumogonimus skrjabini adult was cloned. There are some key sites that are relevant to the function of cysteine protease in the cDNA fragment.


In the present work, the results of analysis of 10 Libyan honey samples, representing various floral honeys, collected from Benghazicity during different seasons in 2009-2010 were demonstrated. All samples were examined for the physicochemical quality parameters, phenolic compounds and heavy metals contents. The moisture; optical density (O. D.); electrical conductivity; water insoluble solids; ash content; pH; total acidity; hydroxylmethyl furfural (HMF); sugar contents and phenolic compounds content were detected according to AOAC 1990-Official Methods and reference methods. The results were compared with Libyan Standard Legislation and the European Standard Legislation. The obtained results indicated that the quality of the tested Libyan honey samples were very good and worth to the world standard properties of honey. Even more, the tested Libyan honey samples have high level of phenolic compounds content. On the basis of heavy metals content, three metals were determined (Cadmium, copper and lead) using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The level of each metal-content was variable, which may be due to the conditions of processing, packing and storage conditions of Libyan honey samples.


In this contribution we want to approach the issue of the humanities in relation to the growing discussion regarding the future of the university and especially regarding its public role. This discussion relates to tendencies of privatisation, economic globalisation and the appearance of the so-called entrepreneurial university, but also to the implications of the rapid developments in ICT and the learning sciences. In this discussion, functionalist (that is sociological) and idealistic (or philosophical) understandings of the university prevail. 1


INVESTIGATION OF THERMAL AND MECHANICAL EFFECTS DURING ELECTRICALLY-ASSISTED MICROFORMING By Adam G. Jordan University o f New Hampshire, May 2013 Degree Advisor: Brad Kinsey The goal of this research was to investigate Electrically-Assisted Forming (EAF) at the microscale. Past research has suggested that EAF has the potential to overcome microforming difficulties (i.e., increased data scatter caused by the individual grains affecting the global material properties). In this thesis, three point bending results are presented for both classical (non-EA) and EA processes with CuZn30 specimens containing different grain sizes. A more uniform strain distribution was achieved with the EA processes. Although the application of current did not result in the expected forming force reduction, a decrease was observed where a temperature spike occurred (believed to be caused by varying electrical contact). In addition to the microbending tests, stationary copper wire temperature tests under compression were also performed. Past research had shown the effect of grain size and Zn content during EAF. However, temperature data of the specimens during the tests was not available. Table of


It was expected that there would be informal rules of several kinds for working relationships. In the first study subjects rated 33 common rules and a number of relationship-specific rules for three work roles. It was found that certain rules were strongly endorsed for work-mates, superiors and subordinates. These provide a maintenance function by regulating general and relationship-specific sources of conflict. Rules about cooperation, help and fairness applied strongly to work-mates, rules about consideration and skilful use of power to supervisors, rules about using initiative and accepting orders and criticism to subordinates. Rules about reward were also obtained and these tended to be task-focused rather than intimacy sustaining.

In the second study one hundred and twenty-four subjects rated the degree of dissatisfaction which they would feel for 11 types of rule violation by each of four work colleagues varying in degree of intimacy. Some level of dissatisfaction was expressed for each rule violation particularly maintenance rules, and the degree of expressed dissatisfaction increased with increased closeness to the work colleague.

Study I was replicated in three other countries — Italy, Hong Kong and Japan, and cross-cultural comparisons were made. While there was some cross-cultural consistency for certain maintenance rules, there were cultural differences both in the type of rules endorsed and the strength of endorsement. Japanese relationships in particular were most dissimilar to other countries, characterized by greater homogeneity of overall rule structure within the four work roles, and by lower levels of intimacy and emotional expressiveness towards the other person in each relationship.


This paper studies the system of Internet of Things for atmospheric aerosol ground-based optical remote sensing.According to the characteristics of the system,we designed and implemented the sensing layer,the transport layer,the data layer and the application layer.The test results showed that: The system designed in this paper has several advantages such as real-time support for data sharing,unattended operation,fast data integration,online display of environmental parameters,fast query and analysis of historical data,remote management of the instrument and so on.In this system,the networking and automated observation of atmospheric aerosol properties are implemented.It has important application value on studying the impact of aerosol on the environment and climate.


3D reconstruction gained more and more interest in the last years due to low-budget depth scanning devices and highperformance graphics hardware. Several approaches were developed in order to get accurate reconstructions in realtime at high frame rates and opened up new applications in the field of augmented reality (AR) and 3D scanning by providing immediate feedback to the user. But since measurements are corrupted with noise, registration of the captured RGB-D images needs to be very accurate to get high quality results. In this state of the art report, we will review several registration algorithms that were developed in the last years and compare their performance.


Grey relational analysis method ,which is a basic method of grey system theory for system analysis, is based on qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis. A grey evaluation model according to this theory was built to evaluate the performance of complicated product and the basic procedures of modeling . The exactitude and utility of this model was proved by the given grey evaluation example, which provides a new idea for performance evaluation of complicated product. The model can be popularized to other complicated system evaluation .


Bioprinting is a technique of creating 3D cell-laden structures by accurately dispensing biomaterial to form complex synthetic tissue. The printed constructs aim to mimic the native tissue by preserving the cell functionality and viability within the printed structure. The 3D bioprinting system presented in this paper aims to facilitate the process of 3D bioprinting through its ability to control the environmental parameters within an enclosed printing chamber. This design of the bioprinter targets to eliminate the need for a laminar flow hood, by regulating the necessary environmental conditions important for cell survival, especially during long duration prints. A syringe-based extrusion (SBE) deposition method comprising multiple nozzles is integrated into the system. This allows for a wider selection of biomaterials that can be used for the formation of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Tissue constructs composed of alginate-gelatin hydrogels were mixed with fibrinogen and human endothelial cells which were then characterized and compared using two methodologies: casted and bioprinted. Furthermore, vasculature was incorporated in the bioprinted constructs using sacrificial printing. Structural and functional characterization of the constructs were performed by assessing rheological, mechanical properties, and analyzing live-dead assay measurements.


Drawing on several theories of congressional election change, this article presents a forecasting equation for seat change in U.S. House elections. The equation addresses the problem of the over time comparability of seat change when levels of competition at the congressional district level have declined dramatically, a decline that has substantially reduced the magnitude of net partisan seat change in recent decades. The equation is estimated using both on-year and midterm elections since 1944. It indicates that the 2006 midterm will likely be a good year for the Democrats. However, because of reduced levels of competition restricting the number of seats that are effectively "in play," Democratic Party gains are likely to be in the teens. Though Republicans may narrowly retain their control of the House, there is a very real possibility that Democrats will end the six election string of Republican House majorities.


The growing popularity of the internet has made it easier and faster to find health information on rare and poorly understood disease topics. Much of this information is valuable, though the internet also allows rapid and widespread distribution of false and misleading information, especially through peer-based networks. Providers frequently advise that it is important for people to carefully consider the source of lay information and to discuss the clinical information they find with their healthcare provider. Using a grounded theory approach, we seek to identify recurring themes of peer-based interaction, in a domain of frequent clinical uncertainty and oft perceived social stigma, scleroderma.


Advanced composite structures with integrated sensors and actuators are becoming increasingly important due to the demand for very large, lowmass space structures. This paper focuses on the finite element analysis of shell structures with thin piezo-electric layers bonded to the surfaces. A finite element formulation taking the piezo-electric effect into account is given and a finite shell element is presented, allowing for the computation of these advanced composite structures. The dynamic matrix equation accounting for the piezo-electric material response is formulated and found to have the same form as the well-known equation of structural dynamics. By using the second or direct method of Lyapunov, a control law is derived, which is used in vibration control and ensures asymptotic stability. A numerical example is given to show the accuracy of the finite element, as well as the efficiency of the algorithm.


Exploring intraspecific variation of functional traits of different sizes and ecogeographical regions is important to understand the adaptation strategies of tree populations to their environments. In this study, we explored the variation and bivariate relationships of 16 functional traits of 30 trees of Bombax malabaricum across 5 geographical regions in Hainan Island and between large- and small-sized tree populations. Principal component analysis showed that leaf thickness (LTh), guard cell length, and lower epidermis (LE) thickness were the key functional traits implicated in varying ecological strategies of B. malabaricum. A significant variation was found in the key functional traits including LE thickness, LTh, and guard cell (GCL) in populations across different ecogeographical regions. However, the LE and LTh vary significantly between the large- and small-sized trees. The LTh and LE thickness also showed an allometric relationship across different geographical regions and tree sizes. Hence, it was concluded that trees vary their ecological strategy according to their ontological developments across environments. Moreover, adaptation strategies of large-sized trees differing from small-sized ones highlight the fact that priority should be taken to conserve the trees with high age.


In this paper the crash numerical simulation of a bumper of EQ140 truck was finished with FEA software ANSYS/LS-DYNA.The responses for the deformation,displacement,velocity and crash force were gained,the crash simulation of a EQ140 truck bumper was showed clearly,the result will be helpful in designing the bumper.


Optical fibers are used in optical communication devices and photometric analyzers. Antireflection (AR) layers at the tips of optical fibers are indispensable for reducing optical noise and propagation loss by Fresnel reflection at interfaces, which depends on the relative refractive indices of the two media. However, conventional thin-film AR layers are costly to prepare, and many thin-film layers are required for broadband AR. AR structures consisting of subwavelength gratings (SWGs), which have periodic structures with the periods smaller than operating wavelengths, have been extensively investigated1, 2 and achieve the desired refractive indices for ideal AR conditions. SWGs can be fabricated at low cost by nanoimprint lithography (NIL).3, 4 However, conventional NIL, in which molds and substrates are pressed by two parallel plates, is challenging at the tips of flexible and long optical fibers. We have developed a dedicated UV-NIL system for this purpose. We use the optical fiber core itself to guide light from a mercury lamp to cure a UV-curable polymer and form a 2D binary SWG at the tip of an optical fiber: see Figure 1(a).5 Figure 1(b) shows the refractive index distribution of the SWG and its surrounding media. The effective refractive index of the SWG can be controlled by its filling ratio, and thus we can obtain an optimum refractive index for a single-layer AR coating. Figure 2 shows how we prepare the SWG. First, a mold and the tip of an optical fiber are coated with a UV-curable polymer. Next, the optical fiber is pressed to the mold and the UV-curable polymer is polymerized using a mercury lamp in which the light is propagated into the core from the other end of the optical fiber. During this step, only the polymer near the core region is polymerized. Finally, the optical fiber is released from the mold. Figure 1. (a) Schematic view of a subwavelength grating (SWG) at the tip of an optical fiber. (b) The refractive index distribution of the SWG and its surrounding media. n0, n2: The refractive index of air and the core, respectively. neff , , h: The effective refractive index, period, and height of the SWG, respectively. SiO2: Silicon dioxide.


Domain Name System (DNS) is one of the critical services in the current Internet infrastructure. However DNS is vulnerable to a range of attacks. One of the fundamental weaknesses with the existing DNS protocols is that the request and response messages are transmitted on the network as plain text. This paper addresses important threats related to Doman Name System (DNS) using a hypervisor based security architecture. The proposed architecture leverages the hypervisor visibility of the virtual machines' traffic flows to monitor and utilise Virtual Machine Introspection (VMI) techniques to inspect and restore data. It also uses inbuilt snapshot/restore capabilities of the hypervisor to completely restore virtual machines if required. Objective of the proposed architecture is not to actively prevent attacks, but provide a means of identifying different attacks by passively monitoring DNS related conversations coming in and out of virtualised system hosting the DNS. Our model can alert the external monitoring agent(s) or security administrator and actively restore the system if the attack has already compromised the DNS.


Results are presented from a 1981 survey conducted by the Statistical Office of Baden-Wurttemberg as a supplement to the 1981 micro-census of the Federal Republic of Germany. The survey focused on the length of stay and the intentions of the heads of foreign households to return to their home countries. The findings indicate that economic motivations are the primary factor determining intentions to stay or return. It is also found that between 1978 and 1981 there was an increasing trend toward the reunification of migrant families in Germany. The political significance of the results is considered. (summary in ENG FRE)


Under the effects of climate warming,the freezing,thawing,and their durations of seasonal frozen soil changed greatly.By using the 1971-2005 observation data collected from eight weather stations in east Gansu,the effects of climate change in east Gansu on the seasonal frozen soil of this region were studied.The results showed that since 1970s,the wintertime air temperature of this region raised by 2.7 ℃,freezing and thawing dates of soil in a thickness of 30 cm shifted 10 days later and earlier,respectively,freezing duration shortened by about 20 days,and the maximum frozen depth decreased by about 20 cm.With persistent climate warming,the maximum frozen depth would be decreased continuously,and it was predicted that in 2050,the decrement would be at least about 15 cm,which would have greater effects on the design and construction of engineering.


ABSTRACT The mineral thorikosite Pb3(OH)(SbO3,AsO3)Cl2 is named after the ancient city of Thorikos, in the region of Attica, where the ancient mine sites dating back to the bronze ages are found. Raman spectra of the antimonite-bearing mineral thorikosite Pb3(OH)(SbO3,AsO3)Cl2 were studied and were related to the structure of the mineral. Two intense Raman peaks were observed at 596 and 730 cm−1 and were assigned to the Sb3+O3 and As3+O3 stretching vibrations. A peak at 1085 cm−1 is assigned to the Sb3+OH deformation mode. Raman band at 325 cm−1 is assigned to an OAsO bending vibration of the As3+O3 units, and the bands at 269 and 275 cm−1 are attributed to the OSbO bending modes of the Sb3+O3 units. The intense Raman bands at 112 and 133 cm−1 are associated with PbCl stretching modes. Minerals such as nealite and thorikosite are minerals of archaeological significance. Yet no spectroscopic studies of these minerals had been undertaken.


: With the construction of large-scale radio telescopes, detecting pulsars from large-scale pulse signals has become an important task of space exploration. Machine learning algorithms are favored in single-pulse data analysis due to their data-driven advantages. However, algorithms used in pulsar searching cannot guarantee that their results are global optimal solutions. In this paper, eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) method is studied in single pulse classification with the data from the LOFAR Tied-Array All-Sky Survey (LOTAAS). The LOTAAS is is an ongoing survey of the Northern sky for pulsars and transients with LOFAR using a digital aperture array. As of January 2019, the LOTAAS survey has discovered and confirmed 73 radio pulsars, which demonstrates its ability to find new pulsars. A fully labeled data set used for training and validation of the machine model is necessary. However, faced with massive amounts of astronomical observation data, it's time-consuming and laborious work to labeling data with manual inspection. In this study, we directly use the well-prepared data in the work of Michilli et al. (2018) for saving the labor of repetitive processing of data. In order to verify the performance of XGBoost method, this paper compares the algorithm with other four machine learning models,. The results show that XGBoost combined with wrapped feature selection method has more advantages in single pulse recognition, with the lowest misclassification rate and the highest accuracy, and F1 score. This study has important implications for pulsar monitoring and can provide a reference for the research of single pulse search based on Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST) signals in China.


This Codebook includes all information necessary to replicate the analyses reported in Enns, Peter K. and Brian Richman. 2013. \Presidential Campaigns and the Fundamentals Reconsidered." Journal of Politics 75(3). Specically, we list the necessary data


Through analyzing the features and the key techniques of batch control,this paper proposes the solution of implementation of phase based on Foundation Fieldbus function blocks.It also gives an application in PVC polymerization and explains the solution details.


Why does the paralyzed vocal cord sometimes lie in a partly abducted or interinediate position if the interruption of its motor innervation occurs within the chcst rather than in the neck? The paramedian position that results from interruption of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) within its cervical portion has been amply documented and is generally attributed to the adductor action of the cricothyroid muscle.


Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) with eccentric wire feed requires defined operating conditions due to the possibility of varying shapes of the deposited and solidified material depending on the welding torch orientation. In consequence, the produced component can contain significant errors because single bead geometrical errors are cumulatively added to the next layer during a building process. In order to minimise such inaccuracies caused by torch manipulation, this article illustrates the concept and testing of object-manipulated WAAM by incorporating robotic and welding technologies. As the first step towards this target, robotic hardware and software interfaces were developed to control the robot. Alongside, a fixture for holding the substrate plate was designed and fabricated. After establishing the robotic setup, in order to complete the whole WAAM process setup, a Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) process was built and integrated into the system. Later, an experimental plan was prepared to perform single and multilayer welding experiments as well as for different trajectories. According to this plan, several welding experiments were performed to decide the parametric working range for the further WAAM experiments. In the end, the results of the first multilayer depositions over intricate trajectories are shown. Further performance and quality optimization strategies are also discussed at the end of this article.


A high-performance liquid chromatographic rapid analytical method with β-naphthoquinone (BNQ) prelabelling for the simultaneous determination of methamphetamine (MA) and its metabolite, amphetamine (AP), in saliva has been studied. Without pretreatment, the direct derivatization of amphetamines in saliva has been developed. As a result of study on the optimization of the derivatization, a reaction mixture of 100μl of saliva containing MA and AP, 200μl of 0.5% Na2CO3, 200μl of aq. solution of 0.5% BNQ-sulfonate, 200μl of methoxyphenamine (1μg/ml) as an internal standard and 100μl of methanol, as a shift agent of interference peak was warmed at 40°C for 20 min. The reaction solution was extracted with n-hexane-ether (1 : 1) and the solvent was evaporated under N2. The residue dissolved in acetonitrile was analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography on a column of μBondasphere C18 with acetonitrilemethanol-0.01M H2SO4 (20 : 20 : 67) as a mobile phase (0.8ml/min) and electrochemical detection at -0V. Calibration curves were rectilinear for 50 to 10000ng/ml of MA and AP in saliva. By this method, 6 saliva samples of 4 male and 1 female human suspects who had taken i. v. dose of MA hydrochloride at 7.3, 7.8, 10.2, 20.4, 31 and 66.5h earlier were analysed to confirm the use of MA. Until at least 31h after use, MA and AP were detected at 0.1 to 24.8μg/ml. Comparing with urine and blood samples, the usefulness of the saliva sample was disccused.


The structures of the germylenoid H2GeFMgF and its insertion reactions with RH (R = F, OH, NH2) were studied using the DFT B3LYP and QCISD approaches for the first time. The geometries of all of the stationary points were optimized at the B3LYP/6-311+G (d, p) level of theory. And then the QCISD/6-311++G (d, p) single-point energies were calculated. The solvent effects on the geometries and insertion reactions were also computed using the PCM model. The calculated results suggested that H2GeFMgF had three equilibrium configurations, in which the p-complex structure had the lowest energy and was the most stable structure. The isomerization reactions among the three complexes had been studied. For the insertion reactions of H2GeFMgF with RH (R = F, OH, NH2), along the potential energy surface, there were one transition state and one intermediate which connected the reactants and the products. For the three insertion reactions the mechanisms are identical. However, under the same conditions the insertion reactions should occur easily in the order of H-F > H-OH > H-NH2. The solvent effect calculations suggested the larger the solvent polarity is, the easier the reaction will be.


Speech recognition is a process to identify the speaker on the basis of individual information within the speech wave. Recent development has made the voice recognition in the security system. In this paper the implementation of speech digit recognition system is discussed. This technique is mainly used in person voice identification and control access like banking by telephone, voice dialing and database access services. The zero to nine digit utterances for speech data was collected. The speech digit recognition mainly involves two parts, one is the feature extraction and other one is the feature matching. The main approach is to isolate the speech recognition by Cepstrum and vector quantization. Cepstrum technique is used for feature extraction and vector quantization is used for feature matching. The result show that all digit gives good performance. The proposed speech digit recognition algorithm is implemented by using MATLAB software.


Using theoretical modeling methods including dynamic mass balance calculation and phase equilibrium analysis,the model of a methanol/water binary batch distillation pilot plant is developed.Taking Matlab as simulation platform,the model calculation m-file is programmed.Several advanced control strategies including top-tray composition inferential PI control,gain scheduling control,and multi-temperature weighting feedback control are designed.Furthermore,using a state space model based predictive control algorithm,a multi-composition feedback model predictive control strategy is developed.The simulation results are used to guide batch distillation pilot plant control experiments,and very satisfactory control performance is achieved.


The Sharjah World Book Fair in the United Arab Emirates attracted 365,641 book buyers over its 10 days. Gordon Cheers reports.


Land-use intensity index system is very important for evaluating urban development land use.The paper first reviews existing researches and analyses the rationals behind intensifying urban development land use.It then proposes an evaluation system of urban development land-use intensity from the views of planning and management.Fourteen indices are used to measure planning efforts and they cover general land,specialized land,utilities land.Twelve indices are used to measure management effectiveness and they cover residential land,industrial land and land for public uses.At the end,the paper makes some suggestions on intensifying urban development land use.


Abstract Effluent irrigation schemes operated by three meatworks have been investigated both for changes induced in soils and for effects on plant composition. The effluents contained significant amounts of nitrogen, chlorine, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and sulphur. Irrigation of pasture with organic-rich effluents for 15 years raised nitrogen levels and increased base saturation of the topsoils. Potassium and sodium accounted for the main increases in exchangeable bases. Analysis of white clover leaves for 23 elements showed that irrigation with effluent raised the levels of nitrogen, potassium, sulphur, and phosphorus, but lowered levels of manganese, copper, and strontium. In ryegrass, effluent irrigation raised the levels of nitrogen and potassium, but lowered levels of boron, manganese, and strontium.


Many states have embraced Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) and are actively utilizing the technology across a number of state and local agencies. A growing number of states' Departments of Transportation (DOT) are leveraging innovative UAS technology to creatively improve safety and efficiency while saving money. Currently 35 state DOTs are exploring, researching, testing, or using UAS. With over 1,000,000 registered UAS and over 86,000 UAS certificated pilots since 2016, the growth in UAS operations across the United States is significant. The UAS economic forecasts are even more impressive. The Teal Group's 2017 World Civil UAS Market Profile and Forecast estimates that non-military UAS production will quadruple from $2.8 billion worldwide in 2017 to $11.8 billion in 2026. Over the next decade, Teal predicts the UAS market will total $73.5 billion. Similarly, Goldman Sachs Research predicts the fastest UAS market growth coming from businesses and civil governments – spending $13 billion between 2016 and 2020. The Missouri Highways and Transportation Commission launched a comprehensive research project to develop a new Missouri State Airport System Plan (MSASP), which included UAS – commonly referred to as drones. This research explored the adoption of UAS technology at the national and state levels – focusing on the role of transportation agencies, activities, policies, and strategies promoting safe UAS operations and economic growth. The national level was a macro look at the broader UAS adoption across the country. At the state or micro level, researchers evaluated five states within the same central United States region as Missouri. The micro level research focused more narrowly on the states' strategies, policies, activities, and the role of state agencies regarding UAS adoption. Researchers evaluated these findings along with the UAS ecosystem in Missouri, identified strategic opportunities and developed recommendations that may help accelerate Missouri's adoption of UAS, while promoting economic growth and preparing Missouri for future UAS opportunities.


This paper proposes a method for su ffi cient dimension reduction (SDR) of mixture data. We consider mixture data containing more than one component that have distinct central subspaces. We adopt an approach of a model-based sliced inverse regression (MSIR) to the mixture data in a simple and intuitive manner. We employed mixture probabilistic principal component analysis (MPPCA) to estimate each central subspaces and cluster the data points. The results from simulation studies and a real data set show that our method is satisfactory to catch appropriate central spaces and is also robust regardless of the number of slices chosen. Discussions about root selection, estimation accuracy, and classification with initial value issues of MPPCA and its related simulation results are also provided.


The arrangement consist of a catheter (2) with a guide (4) for a guide wire (6). A balloon (8) is mounted on the distal end of the catheter. A medium for expanding the balloon is fed through a channel (10) from a source (12) A second channel (14), which extends to the outside of the balloon, is used to feed-in a resin with hardening agent. The balloon is shaped so that it forms shoulders at its ends when it expands. These shoulders form seals in a blood vessel so that the space between the outside of the balloon and the inside of the blood vessel can be filled with the resin


Objective: To evaluate the effect and safety of ritodrine hydrochloride and magnesium sulfate in the treatment of threatened premature labor. Methods:. Studies involving treatment of threatened premature labor using ritodrine hydrochloride compared with magnesium sulfate up to October 2012 were indexed. Data which met the inclusion criteria of clinical studies were analyzed by meta analysis. Results: A total of 34 studies were involved in the study. The results of meta-analyses showed that ritodrine hydrochloride were significantly more effective than magnesium sulfate in the control of the uterine contraction( MD =-1. 22,95% CI-1. 24,-1. 20),prolongation of gestational age( MD = 0. 97,95% CI 0. 87,1. 06),and increase weight of the newborns( MD =0. 38,95% CI 0. 36,0. 41). But the side effects in ritodrine hydrochloride group were more serious than that in the magnesium group( OR =2. 21,95% CI 1. 89,2. 59). Conclusions: Ritodrine had better effects than magnesium sulfate for threatened premature labor in suppression of contraction,prolongation of gestation for days and increase of birth weights,but the risk of maternal side effects of the ritodrine was significantly higher than the magnesium sulfate. A suitable premature labor drug should be confirmed by further strict and stratified randomized controlled studies.


Objective To Investigate the clinical relationship between the interstitial cystitis and female hormone imbalance.Methods A retrospective analysis of 58 cases of IC female patients in our hospital from January 2006 to April 2012.The patients' age ranged from 21 to 76 years,and the average age was 40.2±12.4 years old.The suffering time of disease ranged from 9 to 120 months,and the average duration was 64.3±55.7 months.At the 1st,12th,22th day of the menstrual cycle,the O'Leary-Sant and PUF questionnaires were used to score,in order to analyze the relationship between IC symptoms and the menstrual cycle.The symptoms scores between postmenopausal patients and No menopause patients were compared.At the same time,the medical records and follow-ups were reviewed for all patients.Results 51 cases of IC premenopausal female patients suffered more urinary frequency,urgency,and bladder pain during the menstrual period.The proportion respectively were 54.9 % (28/51),60.8% (31/51).The O'Leary-Sant scores of the 1st day were more significant difference than the12th and the 22th day (P<0.05),but there was no significant difference between the 12th day and the 22th day (P>0.05).The PUF scores of the 1st day were significant different than the 12th and the 22th day (P<0.05),but there was no significant difference between the 12th day and the 22th day (P>0.05).The average scores of O'Leary-Sant and PUF in 7 postmenopausal patients were statistically significant lower than non-menopausal patients (P<0.05).The incidence of 58 cases with uterine fibroids,breast hyperplasia,ovarian cysts,endometriosis (48.3%,41.4%,5.2%,13.8%) were higher than the average persons (P=0.001,0.460,0.001,0.048),which were significantly higher than the incidence of the general population (30.0%,40.0%,0.3%,7.0%) excepting breast hyperplasia.Conclusions The symptoms of urinary frequency,urgency,and bladder pain in IC patients were more serious during the menstrual period than the other periods.The symptoms of the non-postmenopausal patients were more serious than the postmenopausal patients.The incidence of IC patients associated with hormone imbalance diseases was higher than the general persons,indicating that the fluctuation of female hormone level was likely to be one cause of IC onset.

Key words:
Female hormone;  Interstitial cystitis;  Menstrual cycle;  Hormone imbalance diseases


We retract the paper [Appl. Phys. Express 2 (2009) 083002] that reported on the large tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) in double-barrier magnetic tunnel junctions (DBMTJs) with a thin middle layer because an incorrect measurement system was used. We used a voltage/current-source/monitor (Advantest R6243) and connected it to the sample, as shown in Fig. 1. If (i) the central DBMTJ is in a state of electrical breakdown, (ii) the pads A and B have large resistance, and (iii) the source and the sense are connected through a protection circuit in R6243, the TMR effect of the two pads drastically enhances the TMR ratio. We apologize for the fact that the large TMR ratio of DBMTJs reported in our paper was artificially generated owing to the incorrect four-probe measurement. The authors wish to express gratitude to N. Suzuki of ADC Corporation for fruitful discussion of R6243 measurement system.


By employing a common protocol and data from electronic health registries in Denmark, Navarre (Spain), Norway and Portugal, we estimated vaccine effectiveness (VE) against hospitalisation due to COVID-19 in individuals aged ≥ 65 years old, without previous documented infection, between October 2021 and March 2022. VE was higher in 65–79-year-olds compared with ≥ 80-year-olds and in those who received a booster compared with those who were primary vaccinated. VE remained high (ca 80%) between ≥ 12 and < 24 weeks after the first booster administration, and after Omicron became dominant.


Abstract A series of fluorescent converter solutions is described, increasing the radiation intensity of flash lamps in the region 4000–6000 Å with a factor RΛ1.5˜3. The converter solutions are composed for use at an optical path of 1 cm, are easy to prepare, and are stable under high intensity irradiation with u. v. and visible light.


The He(Iα) PE spectra of the two pairs of 1(Ph)-3 and 2–4 have been recorded and assigned by comparison with spectra of related molecules, or by using simple MO arguments. This analysis shows that the PE spectra are in agreement with the assumption that the twist angles observed in the crystalline state are more or less conserved in the gas phase. The observed first adiabatic ionization energies I allow the calculation of the molar reaction enthalpy ΔrH which accompanies the enolization of the radical cations of the title compounds. It is found that ΔrH ≈ –−70 kJ mol−1 is roughly the same for both keto/enol pairs, in qualitative and quantitative agreement with expectation. These results complement and correct ionization energies determined previously by mass spectrometric methods and conclusions based on them.


Purpose of the article is to illustrate pragmatic classification of headlines created on the basis of the communicative value concentrated in the headline information and the intentional setting of the addressee, headline idioms of broadcast media.


Recently I read two articles that dealt with selection of anesthesia for one particular operation; each author called his system "the method of choice." The two methods were different: one author prescribed three or four agents; the other, five. I have done the same thing (just as well, I think) with one or two agents. Why each author called his technique a "method of choice" was hazy; both claimed to provide good operating conditions, and that was all. Neither paper offered statistical comparisons with other methods or counting of cases; nothing that might have been measured was measured. Clearly, the words "method of choice" had no justification, serving only to irritate the reader. There are few methods of choice, unless laid down in documented studies by serious workers. The use of the words "method of choice" without statistical study and proved significance, and without justification, is deplorable. All too often,


of a tube inside the fourth ventricle or in the syrinx cavity through the obex. Over the years, the extent of bone, dural and neural dissection has been reduced. Most surgeons do not prefer to resect the tonsils. Isu et al., recommended removal of only the outer dural wall.[1] Goel et al., suggested that only bone removal is sufficient for foramen magnum decompression and dural incision and duroplasty is not necessary.[2] The discussion over the nature and extent of foramen magnum decompression surgery continues.


The invention discloses a production method for a soy isolate protein applied to a solid beverage. The production method comprises the following steps: (a) extracting: mixing low-temperature degreased soya bean meal and alkaline water according to the mass ratio from 1:6 to 1:8; extracting when the pH (Potential of Hydrogen) value is 7.2-7.4; (b) carrying out alcohol precipitation: mixing extracted soya bean milk with an ethanol solution and agitating and carrying out alcohol precipitation; (c) centrifuging an alcohol precipitation solution by a centrifugal machine to obtain a liquid phase and a solid phase; (d) carrying out enzymolysis: adding Novozymes alkaline protease into solid-phase protein milk obtained by centrifuging to carry out enzymolysis, wherein the enzyme adding amount is 0.05%-0.2% of the mass of the solid phase; and (e) spraying and drying: spraying and drying a material liquid which is subjected to the enzymolysis to obtain a needed product. According to the production method, the functionality of the soy isolate protein is guaranteed by extracting; the white degree of a product is increased by an alcohol precipitation and enzymolysis process; the flavor of the product is optimized and the dispersity of the product is improved; and the soy isolate protein applied to the solid beverage is obtained by spraying and drying.


The aim of the present study was to report the findings in 14 women with extremely high risk ('precious') pregnancies, 5 of whom had twins, who underwent elective third‐trimester cytogenetic amniocentesis. There were no procedure‐related complications, and all newborns weighed more than 2000 g and showed normal development. This practice is accepted under Israeli law and our institutional policy. This preliminary work does not attempt to answer the moral and ethical questions surrounding the use of third (versus second) trimester amniocentesis in either 'precious' or normal pregnancies. We do show, however, that the procedure is safe and may constitute a good alternative for patients who are unwilling to accept the risks of early fetal karyotyping. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Optically active syn- or anti-β-substituted-α-amino acid derivatives are prepared in 94 to ≥99% ee and 66−98% ds by reaction of the Schiff base acetate of glycine tert-butyl ester with chiral, nonracemic B-alkyl-9-BBN derivatives in the presence of the Cinchona alkaloid, cinchonidine (CdOH) or cinchonine (CnOH), base, and lithium chloride.


This research is focused on the Health sector, especially in the Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Company Sub-Sector. Especially where during the Covid-19 pandemic, Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Companies experienced a significant increase in revenue compared to various other sectors and it was rarely proven that companies in the Health sector, one of which was the Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Company Sub-Sector, took tax aggressiveness. This research is quantitative research. The research method used in this research is descriptive analysis method with multiple linear regression analysis, using SPSS software version 25. This research was conducted at health sector companies in the pharmaceutical manufacturing company sub-sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2016-2020. The sample in this study was determinde using purposive sampling method with 40 samples from 8 health sector companies in the pharmaceutical manufacturing company sub-sector. The findings of this study are the t test shows that leverage and capital intensity, with a significance value of 0.0001, and 0.008 respectively, have a significant effect on tax aggressiveness. While company size, liquidity and profitability have no effect on tax agressiveness. The results of the f test show that company size, leverage, capital intensity, liquidity and profitability simultaneously have a significant effect on tax aggressiveness.


The most common verb matching errors that English learners are prone to are found in using gerunds. After analyzing the errors in CLEC, we provide a standard model to correct the errors for Chinese language learners. Firstly, a standard verb language matching library is constructed, and then a way to measure the similarity between target matches is provided. Then, a rough set of similar matches is obtained based on the statistical similarity between target matches and the standard matching library. Finally, a classification method is used to filter out matches that cannot be classified as the correct type in the similarity matching set, resulting in a candidate result set. Finally, the candidate result set is ranked based on the language module, and the final correction opinion is obtained. On the standard detection set constructed using BNC, this method of combining similarity judgment and contextual features has a significant effect on finding and correcting verb-matching errors.


led an increasing number of insurers governments economic freedom on the development and expansion of economic freedom and the development of indicators and the rise in many countries that contribute to the increase of economic freedom, has written many economists writers in the field Modern studies have shown that economic freedom a positive effect on economic growth and development , since the concept of economic freedom has intrinsic value is linked to the other freedoms that directly affect the economic growth, which was among the concerns of economic thinkers, as he became a target seeking him every country attainable and as a benchmark of the criteria adopted in the economies and the basis for assessing the economic performance. The study aimed to demonstrate the impact of economic freedom and economic growth in the surveyed sample countries were used a sample of (160) using a sample of selected countries, it has tried to study to know the impact of economic freedom index and internal branches, represented by (property rights, freedom from corruption, fiscal freedom, business freedom, labor freedom, monetary freedom, trade freedom, investment freedom, financial freedom) for the year 2014 and economic growth as the dependent variable for the year 2015, the failure of any time for a period of one year through the use of simple linear and non-linear regression analysis.
    The results showed that the relationship between economic growth and the rate of change in the balance of economic freedom index is a direct correlation and moral any that the greater balance of economic freedom index of the country the greater the economic growth the rate, as demonstrated quantitative analysis that when increasing economic freedom index of the balance of one unit, the growth rate economic would be increased by (0.978(
Proposed research study suggests those interested in economic management, taking into account the economic freedom and freedom of action and freedom of work and freedom, commercial and financial freedom and the fight against corruption and freedom of investment .... etc., when the study of economic growth factors, the analysis also suggests economists researchers interest factors and economic indicators is traditional when conducting research related to economic growth, inflation and unemployment, it may be the most important role or effect of the role of traditional economic factors or accepted.


AIM: To investigate the effects of 3-aminobenzamide( 3-AB) on interleukin-10( IL-10),levels of tumor necrosis factor-α( TNF-α) and expression of PARP and apoptosis-inducing factor( AIF)on cardiocytes in rats with heart failure( HF). METHODS: One hundred and thirty-five adult Wistar rats underwent 6-w left anterior descending artery ligation to be models of HF. Rats were divided into HF group,3-AB group and sham-operated group. Rats in 3-AB group received 3-AB( 30 mg / kg) by intraperitoneal injection. Myocardial IL-10 and TNF-α levels in the rats were measured by radioimmunity and changes of expressions of PARP and AIF protein were measured by immunohistochemical staining in each group after treatment with 3-AB at 2-,4-and 6-w. RESULTS: Compared with those in sham-operated rats,myocardial IL-10 levels and myocardial TNF-α levels in HF group increased 2-,4-and 6-w after treatment and compared with those in the HF groups,both markedly decreased at the same time points( P 0. 05). Compared with those in sham groups,expressions of PARP and AIF increased in HF groups and expressions of PARP and AIF were significantly suppressed in 3-AB in positive cells at the same time points( P 0. 05). CONCLUSION: The present findings indicate that 3-AB could lower IL-10 and TNF-α concentrations and inhibit inflammatory reaction and apoptosis by decreasing PARP and AIF expressions,thus protecting cardiocytes in rats with HF.


The study of the author's phraseology allows to identify typical structural models of phraseological units which exist in the modern French language, phraseological activity of their constituent components, their distribution according to stylistic registers. Peculiar features of functioning of phraseological units in the French literary text of the 21st century are examined on the material of the novel The Yellow Eyes of Crocodiles by the modern French writer Katherine Pancol. An exhaustive sampling of the first 300 pages of the novel gave the opportunity to select 430 phraseological units, the analysis of which allowed us to draw the following conclusions: 1) the most frequent structural type are non-predicative verb units; 2) the most common component should be considered a somatic component; 3) a large part of the phraseological units are neutral or colloquial; 4) the comparison of the studied Ph U and data of the New French-Russian Phraseological Dictionary shows that in the text there are idioms that are not recorded in this lexicographical publishing, as well as PhU which differ in their form or meaning of idioms presented in the dictionary.


OBJECTIVE To investigate the influence of Sensory Integration Dysfunction(SID)on intelligence development of preschoochildren. METHODS 828 children aged 3 ~5 years old were selected by random cluster sampling from 5 kindergartens in Lanzhouwhose parents were surveyed with Conners Parent Symptom Questionnaire and self-designed family related factor questionnaires. In addition, a WPPSI intelligence test was carried out among 64 randomly selected SID children and 63 normal children. RESULTS Thtotal IQ, verbal IQ and performance IQ of SID children group were lower than normal group. The score of information, animal housemaze and block design was significantly lower than that of normal children group. There was no statistical significance about VIQ and PIQ separation proportion of the two groups. CONCLUSION It showed that sensory integration dysfunction had some certain influence ointelligence development of preschool children, which may lead to not only the insufficiency of children's cognitive ability abouconcept of space, spatial structure and visual motor coordination, but the insufficiency of children's learning ability, memory anattention performance as well.


An eleven element log-periodic dipole-array (LPDA) antenna, occupying a surface area of only 90 × 52 mm2, printed on an ultra-thin flexible Kapton substrate of thickness 0.035 mm, is proposed. The antenna operates with a stricter 10 dB reflection coefficient bound in the frequency bands 2.75–3.53 GHz and 4–6.2 GHz. For a less stringent bound of 6 dB (which is acceptable for wearable applications), it operates in the wider range of 2.7–6.8 GHz. The antenna has an end-fire radiation pattern with a maximum measured gain of 6 dBi. The flexibility of the antenna is illustrated by reflection and radiation pattern measurements for three different radii, i.e., 50, 30, and 10 mm in both the convex and concave configurations. It is experimentally demonstrated that LPDA exhibits stable input-impedance characteristics and consistent radiation properties over the whole operating band under all bending conditions. The low cost, light weight, and flexible design, as well as the broadband performance in both concave and convex bent configurations, prove the suitability of the antenna for the contemporary flexible electronic devices.


Automatic discretization of three-dimensional objects is a prerequisite for automating engineering analysis applications in a solid modeling environment. This thesis introduces the 'Domain Delaunay Tetrahedrization' (DDT), a topologically valid definition for a tetradedral approximation of a solid model. This definition establishes a one-to-one correspondence between the elements of the solid's boundary, and the edges and triangulation son the tetrahedrization's boundary. DDT can be applied to arbitrarily shaped curved solids, including objects with holes and certain cases of nonmanifolds. The principal tools used in the construction of a DDT are (1) a boundary representation of the given solid that includes neighborhood information, (2) properties of the standard Delaunay triangulation, and (3) a mechanism for transferring neighborhood information from the solid model to the elements of the tetrahedral model.
Construction of a DDT requires solving two problems: (A) Distributing nodes (points) on the boundary of the given solid, so that the corresponding standard Delaunay tetrahedrization (DT) includes as a subset a DDT of the solid, and (B) extracting the DDT from the DT of the node set. Problem (A) is solved by means of refinement operations that insert new nodes on the boundary of the solid on the basis of necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of a DDT. These refinement operations make extensive use of several properties of the DT, proved in this thesis, that predict local modification of the DT due to node insertion. Problem (B) is expressed as a simplex/triangulation classification problem, and is solved by transferring neighborhood information from the solid's faces to the DT's triangular faces. Simplex/triangulation classification is also used for ensuring that the faces of the solid are approximated satisfactorily by the elements of the DDT.
This thesis also addresses certain variations of the domain tetrahedrization problem and focuses on integrating DDT with recursive spatial decomposition (RSD), where the given solid is replaced with a collection of variably-sized cells. In this case, tetrahedrizing the initial solid is accomplished by tetrahedrizing each RSD cell, provided that neighboring cells correspond to tetrahedrizations that are compatible along common cell faces. A modified DDT algorithm is introduced that fulfills the above requirement. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)