As per the submission data standards set by the FDA for the new drug application, the sponsor has to provide a complete and informative define.xml as part of the dataset submission packet along with other required components. FDA specifies to submit the metadata information of a submitted dataset as per the CDISC Define-XML file standard because of its virtue of both machine and human readable properties. Most sponsors consider generating or receiving define document from their vendor during the final steps of dataset submission. There are multiple papers discussing different approaches to create the define.xml file. In this paper, we are presenting an approach where we have used Pinnacle21 validator to generate define.xml during the specification and dataset development phase. This paper also provides an insight on using Pinnacle21 validator as a tool with a constructive approach to generate define.xml and validation of the datasets during the SDTM development lifecycle. INTRODUCTION The standardized clinical study datasets will be required in submissions for clinical and non-clinical studies that start on or after December 17, 2016 [1]. As noted, it will be expected that all the trials conducted after that date must use study data standards that are listed in the FDA Data Standards Catalog (DSC). This means that all studies going forward must utilize CDISC SDTM and ADaM standards for their tabulation and analysis datasets respectively and should consist of data definition file to describe the metadata of the submitted electronic datasets. As stated in the FDA Study Data Technical Conformance Guide that the data definition file (define.xml), "is considered arguably the most important part of the electronic dataset submission for regulatory review". A welldefined, organized and standardized define.xml minimizes the time needed to familiarize with the metadata information of the submitted datasets which significantly decreases the overall time for review process. Also one should note that an insufficiently documented define.xml is a common deficiency that reviewers have noted. And so generating a properly The figure 1 below demonstrate typical SDTM development life cycle. The number annotated on each box represent the process and sequence in which they are developed and implemented. Upon development and QC of the SDTM datasets, a programmer passes the datasets through Pinnacle21 validator to check for the compliance. In cases where the study specific define.xml is available, it is also passed through the validator along with the SDTM datasets. Although the typical process employed in the industry is to generate define.xml at the final submission stage and assumes that it has to be done after the SDTM/ADaM development lifecycle. Figure 1. Typical process followed in industry Generating the define at the end of the study cycle has couple of advantages like, if any of the anticipated domain is not submitted for the reason of not having any records, that can be omitted and the time required to incorporate the details of that domain into define.xml can be saved. A complete list of the controlled terminology can be obtained from the actual data and can present only the values from data. The major disadvantages of generating define at the end of the study are as below: Consider Define.xml Generation during Development of CDISC Dataset Mapping Specifications, continued 2  If any change in the metadata information is required by realizing from the Pinnacle21 report then the entire validation cycle has to be performed.  If there is any information that is missed on define then there is a high chance that it might not surface during the review cycle and it being generated at the end might not be subjected to a reasonable review cycles. We propose that the define generation should be done during the SDTM/ADaM development lifecycle, specifically at the time of writing dataset mapping specification. This paper walks you through the general procedure that can be used to make the process of define generation at the early stages of the dataset generation process. Figure 2. Our proposal is to generate define.xml before creation of datasets Generating define at the start of the dataset development lifecycle has below advantages:  Generating define upfront will subject it to multiple review cycles. An example of such a case is that it can be used by the programmers during coding and to navigate from one data point to other using the hyperlinks which helps to identify of any broken links without any additional effort.  Helps in speeding the review process by the client as all the information will be on single file which is hyperlinked for easy navigation.  Helps to check for the metadata differences in comparison to standard at the very beginning of the study that helps to makes changes without much effort.  A SAS based macro can be used to annotate the CRF right at the start of the study and any changes that has to be done during the course of the study can be made. Annotating CRF by relying on the define helps to maintain consistency in annotation with the Define.  A SAS macro can be used to generate the dataset shells with the attributes and can pass through the Pinnacle21 validator along with define to identify any missing variables that are required or expected. The variable order in the dataset can also be validated with this approach. We at Vita Data Sciences used an approach to use a specification template which mimics the file that Pinnacle21 uses as input to generate the define.xml. The components that are needed for define 2.0 and the corresponding pieces of the datasheets required by Pinnacle21 are as below. Consider Define.xml Generation during Development of CDISC Dataset Mapping Specifications, continued 3 Figure 3. Metadata driven specification components for define.xml generation SPECIFICATIONS DOCUMENT All the required metadata specification components are properly arranged into a single file and any additional columns that you may need can be added as and where necessary. The minimum columns that are required to present the metadata information are explained below at the component level. STUDY SHEET This sheet provides the information related to study title, protocol number and the version of IG used. Display 1. Columns from the study sheet DATASETS SHEET This sheet provides the dataset metadata and mimics the define.xml datasets sheet. We have added couple of columns for our internal use to provide the programmer information, programming status etc. Additional columns can be added as per our requirements. Display 2. Partial Columns from datasets sheet VARIABLES (STUDY NOTES) SHEET FOR ALL DOMAINS This sheet presents the variable metadata information and unlike the general specifications document, all the dataset specifications are placed on the same sheet. There are couple of advantages when the specifications for all the datasets are placed in one single sheet: Consider Define.xml Generation during Development of CDISC Dataset Mapping Specifications, continued 4 Display 3. Sample columns of the variables (specifications) sheet  Study notes for common variables (USUBJID, XXSEQ...) across domains can be presented in a consistent way by auto-filtering for that variable.  Attributes for common variables can be maintained same across all datasets easily.  Process of copying the specs to the define specifications template is easy.  Determining the order of variable to be presented in the final dataset can be easily adjusted in the template to reflect it in the shell for final dataset. VALUE LEVEL SHEET Value level sheet contains the value level metadata information and this sheet resembles to the define specifications sheet. This sheet requires a periodic update while the study is ongoing. Display 3. Sample columns from value level sheet WHERECLAUSES WhereClauses sheet presents the coded and decoded value level metadata information and it resembles the define specifications sheet. This sheet requires a periodic update when the study is ongoing. Display 4. Sample columns from WhereClauses sheet CODELIST SHEET This sheet and is populated with all possible values for the study. When the study is ongoing the need of creating new formats arises based on the data, in these cases the programmers have to be advised not to write their own formats in program, but instead request the study lead to add that format to the format catalog. This approach minimizes the effort required to update codelist at the end of the study. Display 5. Sample columns of the Codelist sheet DICTIONARIES SHEET This sheet presents the dictionaries and their version information that are used in the study. Consider Define.xml Generation during Development of CDISC Dataset Mapping Specifications, continued 5 Display 6. Sample columns from the dictionaries sheet METHODS SHEET This sheet contains the common derivation/method information that are used across the study. This helps to maintain the same algorithm across the study. Also, it helps in minimizing the errors. Display 7. Sample columns from the dictionaries sheet COMMENTS SHEET This sheet is used to present the information that should be displayed in the comments column of define.xml. The ID value presented here should match with the comment column of the other sheets described above. Display 8. Sample columns from the comments sheet DOCUMENTS SHEET Documents sheet presents the information of the external documents that are referenced in the Define. Display 9. Sample columns from the documents sheet The above worksheets are used to create the final define specifications workbook that can be used to generate the define.xml file using a define generator tool (Pinnacle21 Validator). Any in-house developed tool can also be used, but we have utilized Pinnacle21 validator to generate the define.xml [2]. Once the specifications are finalized, define.xml is generated by passing the specification


Machine-based emotion recognition from speech has emerged as an important research area in recent years. However, most studies have been done on artificial data. The difficulty of the recognition task increases when we facing natural speech data such as real-world conversations from call centre. Along with that difficulty, there are some new properties which may be useful to the real-world recognition tasks. In this paper, we focus on the recognition task on real-world conversations. Traditional prosodic acoustic features and the novel i-vector features are introduced and compared to represent the speech signal more abstractly. We also propose a Recurrent Neural Network approach to map the features to emotion labels. With only prosodic acoustic features and SVM multi-clasifier, we obtain a f-measure of 38.3%. By adding the i-vector features and the RNN model, we achieve a better result of 48.9%.


This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the Undergraduate Research Posters at EngagedScholarship@CSU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Undergraduate Research Posters 2018 by an authorized administrator of EngagedScholarship@CSU. For more information, please contact firstname.lastname@example.com. Recommended Citation Reinhart, Leah, "RAS Expanded: Visual and Tactile Cueing for Individuals with Gait Disorders" (2018). Undergraduate Research Posters 2018. 9. https://engagedscholarship.csuohio.edu/u_poster_2018/9


NEC has been actively pursuing the total digitalization of broadcast stations. The digital system, considered to become the dominant system from now, offers many advantages. The paper explains the technologies behind this system, an actual operation example, and the actual components and devices that make up this system.


Discrete time sequential decision processes require that an agent select an action at each time step. As humans, we plan over long time horizons and use temporal abstraction by selecting temporally extended actions such as "make lunch" or "get a masters degree", whereby each is comprised of more granular actions. This thesis concerns itself with such hierarchical temporal abstractions in the form of macro actions and options, as they apply to goal-based Markov Decision Processes. A novel algorithm for discovering hierarchical macro actions in goal-based MDPs, as well as a novel algorithm utilizing landmark options for transfer learning in multi-task goalbased reinforcement learning settings are introduced. Theoretical properties regarding the life-long regret of an agent executing the latter algorithm are also discussed.


Initial results are reported on a new microanalytic technique for determining Fe3+/De in iron oxides and Fe-bearing silicates in conventional thin sections. The technique is based on the monotonic energy shift of a pre-edge peak in x-ray absorption near edge spectra obtained using the synchrotron x-ray microprobe. Reasonable results were obtained for pallasitic olivine, altered magnetites and synthetic wiistite. Introduction: Oxygen fugacity is one of the most important parameters in determining the cosmochemical and geochemical evolution of a system. Petrogenetic models generally assume particular oxygen fugacities based on indirect evidence. Independent methods for the determination of oxygen fugacity have been unavailable. The oxidation states of minor and trace elements in specific phases can be used to directly probe oxygen fugacity, however, no rnicroanalytical technique currently is available with this capability. We report here progress on development of synchrotron-based techniques to determine the oxidation states of 3d transition metals in individual mineral grains in conventional thin sections based on X-ray Near Edge Absorption Spectroscopy (XANES). This report focuses on the determination of Fe3+/De in iron oxides and Fe-bearing silicates. The oxidation state of iron is of fundamental interest. Iron's ubiquity in rock-forming minerals means that it is frequently possible to study the chemical state of iron in a variety of co-existing minerals. Equally significant, iron-dominated phase relations are important chemical controls under the reducing conditions that exist in cosmochemical systems. XANES Determination of Oxidation State: The basis of XANES is the mapping of the xray absorption cross section of the element of interest with high energy resolution. The precise energy of the main absorption edge and associated structural features provide information on the oxidation state(s) and bonding environment of that element [I-31. A pre-edge peak in transition metal K-edge spectra is typically due to ls+3d, bound-state, electronic transitions. Previously, we have used the intensity of the pre-edge peak to infer cf i+/Ecr in waste encapsulation media [4]. The present work is the first attempt to use the pre-edge peak energy to quantify the proportions of various oxidation states in mixed-valence samples. The basis of this technique is the derivation of an oxidation state versus pre-edge peak energy calibration curve using fayaiite (Fe2Si04; Fe3+/z~e=O), magnetite (Fe30q; Fe3+/ZFe=0.67), and hematite (Fe203; ~ e 3 + / C ~ e = l . 0 ) . The main complication in this approach is decoupling energy shifts due to oxidation state from those due to coordination geometry. The expectation is that pre-edge peak energies will be determined largely by the former because the resonances involve bound state transitions and therefore molecular effects are minimized. However, one of the main purposes of this initial work on relatively well characterized specimens is to determine experimentally the magnitude of matrix eflects. Analytical Technique: The synchrotron x-ray fluorescence microprobe on beamline X26A at the National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS) was used in its normal configuration (see e.g., [5]) including a Si (1 11) channel-cut monochromator (energy bandwidth AE/E=10-4, and x-ray focusing mirror (ellipsoidal 8: 1). A focused monochromatic x-ray beam size of 100 ym x 150 ym was used in the present work. An ion chamber was located down stream of the slit assembly for incident beam intensity normalization. The detector was a Si(Li) energy dispersive instrument with an area of 30 mrn2 mounted at 90° to the incident beam (i.e., incident and takeoff angle at 45'). XANES spectra were obtained by recording the Fe K& fluorescence intensity as the incident monochromatic beam energy was scanned in 0.2 eV intervals over the range approximately -30 to +40 eV relative to the main absorption edge energy. Each energy interval O Lunar and Planetary Institute Provided by the NASA Astrophysics Data System 1362 Fe Oxidation States Microanalysis: Sutton S. R. et al. was counted between 3 and 5 live seconds for a total XANES spectrum acquisition time of I 30 minutes. Counting times were adjusted to obtain at least 104 counts per pixel above the absorption edge. This resulted in about 103 counts at the maximum of the pre-edge peak (about 104 counts integrated peak area). Under these conditions, the minimum Fe concentration for which a useable Fe K XANES spectrum could be obtained was about 400 ppm. The energy of the pre-edge peak was defined to be the centroid of a Gaussian fit to the peak after background subtraction. All XANES energies were computed relative to the centroid of the pre-edge peak for a pure magnetite which had been characterized by the Mossbauer method. Results: Four samples with well-defined Fe oxidation states by other methods (e.g., Mossbauer spectroscopy) were used to generate a calibration curve of "pre-edge peak energy" versus "Fe3+/CFeH. These standards were: a pure hematite (Fe3+/zFe=l.O), two pure magnetites (Fe3+/CFd.67) and a synthetic fayalite (Fe3+/De=O.O). The resulting calibration curve (Figure 1) yielded a linear regression line with a correlation coefficient of 0.99 indicating that the pre-edge peak energy shift was monotonic. Several "unknowns" were also analyzed. Six altered magnetites gave reasonable results for Fe3+1De based on the calibration curve: Mineville (0.75 f 0.09), Snarum (0.78 f 0.07), Sterling (0.83 f 0.09), Elba (0.86 f 0.09), Warwick (0.91 f 0.07) and Monroe (0.95 f 0.07). A fine-grained, synthetic pigment yielded a ~ e 3 + / C ~ e value of 0.68 f 0.09, in exact agreement with the Mossbauer spectroscopy result. A pallasitic olivine gave ~e3+/De=0.02 f 0.06. A synthetic wiistite sample (Fe I ~ ) O ) yielded Fe3+/CFe= 0.18 f 0.10 suggesting a reasonable value of x = 0.06. These initi a results are encouraging particularly in terms of the apparent insensitivity of the pre-edge peak energy to bonding environment. Acknowledgments: This research was supported by the following grants: NASA NAG9-106 and NAGW-3651 (SRS) and NAG9-304 (JSD), US DOE DE-FG02-92ER14244 (SRS) and DE-AC02-76CH00016 (BNL). References: [ I ] Manceau A., et al. (1992) Arner. Mineral. 77: 1133-1143. [2] Sutton S. R., et al. (1993) Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 57: 461-468. [3] Waychunas G. A., et al. (1983) Phys. Chem. Minerals 10: 1-9. [4] Bajt, S.. et al. (1993) Anal. Chem. 65, 1800-1804. [5] Sutton, S. R., et al. (1993) Nucl. Instrum. Methods B75, 553-558.


The iodination of pyrimidines is usually carried out by using toxic reagents under acidic conditions, such as with sulfuric acid and nitric acid. To avoid toxic reagents, we developed a simple and eco-friendly approach for the iodination of pyrimidine derivatives under solvent-free conditions using solid iodine and AgNO3 as an electrophilic iodinating reagent. The advantages of this method are the relatively short reaction time (20–30 min), simple set-up procedure, high yields (70–98%), and environmentally friendly reaction conditions. Our novel approach for the iodination of pyrimidines, as well as a variety of their derivatives, will contribute to the development of nucleobase-related drug candidates.


We are concerned with the Umemura polynomials associated with the third Painlev\'e equation. We extend Taneda's method, which was developed for the Yablonskii-Vorob'ev polynomials associated with the second Painlev\'e equation, to give an algebraic proof that the rational functions generated by the nonlinear recurrence relation satisfied by Umemura polynomials are indeed polynomials.


SUMMARY Background: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a malignant epithelial neoplasm. SCC can be divided into 4 groups: non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC), head and neck, esophageal and lung cancer. The risk for metastasis of SCC is 0.3-3.7%. Vulvar SCC is approximately 3-5% of all gynecological cancers. Case report: An 86-year old woman with a history of several years of genital pruritus and many consultations for this reason, prior treatments included valacyclovir for genital herpes; topical corticosteroids and tachrolymus for lichen sclerosus et atrophicus (LEA) with poor response. She presented with pruritus and new vulvar lesions. Physical examination showed two ulcerated nodules on the left periclitorid region and the introitus. The biopsy confirmed an infiltrating well-differentiated SCC. CT-scans discarded metastases. She received 7 weeks of radiotherapy. Due to persistence of the tumor the patient entered palliative care. Two years afterwards the patient is in good condition. Discussion: SCC represents 95% of vulvar malignancies. There are 2 types: SCC in young women, associated with high-risk human papilloma virus infection and SCC in elder women associated to the preexistence of LEA. 45-61% of vulvar SCC is associated in with preexisting


This purpose of reporting this case is to show that we must be attentive with any type of hysteroscopic surgery, since all are subject to complications which can lead to permanent injury and even death. The case described is that of a 72 year old woman who underwent a diagnostic hysteroscopy for endometrial thickening. During the procedure, the presence of a fundic endometrial polyp occupying the entire cavity was noted. The patient then underwent surgical hysteroscopy for polypectomy. Twenty minutes into the procedure, with six liters of glycine infused, the patient developed fluid overload and the procedure was suspended. The patient received fluid support and electrolyte replacement, and in 48 hours was discharged in good condition. This case illustrates a complication of hysteroscopy. Complications of hysteroscopy are rare, especially for polypectomy with rates of about 0.4%. Complications that can be cited include uterine perforation, infection, hemorrhage, injury to adjacent organs, trauma to the cervix, embolism, and fluid overload. Fluid overload usually occurs with major hysteroscopy surgeries such as myomectomy and endometrial ablation. This type of complication is rare in hysteroscopic polypectomy.


The potential impact of ships underwater radiated noise (URN) on marine fauna has become an important issue. The most dominant noise source on a propeller-driven vessel is propeller cavitation, and the accurate prediction of its noise signature is fundamental for the design process. In this work, we investigate the potential of using low-computational-cost methods for the prediction of URN from cavitating marine propellers that can be conveniently implemented within the design process. We compare computational and experimental results on a subset of the Meridian standard propeller series, behind different severities of axial wake, for a total of 432 experiments.


Abstract Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of 5-methyl-tetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF) supplementation in prevention of recurrent preeclampsia. Methods: Retrospective cohort of women who received daily oral 5-MTHF 15 mg supplementation as prophylactic treatment since first trimester for recurrent preeclampsia were compared with women who did not. All asymptomatic singleton gestations with prior preeclampsia (in the previous pregnancy) were included. Women with chronic hypertension were excluded. The primary outcome was the incidence of preeclampsia. Results: Three hundred and three singleton gestation met the inclusion criteria: 157 received 5-MTHF, while 146 did not (control group). Women who received 5-MTHF had a significantly lower incidence of recurrent overall preeclampsia (21.7% versus 39.7%; odds ratio (OR) 0.57, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.25, 0.69), severe preeclampsia (3.2% versus 8.9%; OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.12–0.97) and early-onset preeclampsia (1.9% versus 7.5%; OR 0.34, 95% CI 0.07–0.87) compared to control. The intervention group delivered about 10 d after the control and had higher birth weight. Conclusion: This retrospective study showed that women with prior preeclampsia who received daily oral 5-MTHF 15 mg supplementation had a significantly lower incidence of overall preeclampsia, severe preeclampsia and early-onset preeclampsia. Randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm our findings.


Summary form only given. The incomplete plasma dispersion function1, 2 is a generalization of the plasma dispersion function in which the defining integral spans a semi-infinite, rather than infinite, domain. Like the plasma dispersion function, it arises in the linear dielectric function and corresponding wave dispersion relations. However, the plasma dispersion function describes Maxwellian distributions, whereas the incomplete plasma dispersion function describes non-Maxwellian distributions so long as they can be approximated as Maxwellian in finite, or semi-infinite, intervals of velocity phase-space. Each interval may have different characteristic densities, flow speeds, and temperatures associated with them. It is particularly useful in the presence of potential barriers, such as sheaths near material walls, probes, or double layers, which create a trapped-passing boundary for electrons. In this poster, several properties of the incomplete plasma dispersion function that are useful for applying it to the linear dielectric response and wave dispersion relations in piecewise Maxwellian plasmas are provided. The depleted Maxwellian, as found near a conventional sheath, is used as an example to demonstrate the utility of using this function to compute modifications to common wave dispersion relations (ion-acoustic and Langmuir waves). It is also used to show that modifications to the dielectric function in the depleted region of velocity-space can significantly affect the local (in velocity-space) Coulomb collision rate. Here, we compare predictions of the Landau collision operator, which does not account for the plasma dielectric response, with predictions of the Lenard-Balescu equation, which does. Near equilibrium, these solutions converge.


Dr. Robert Helling, supported by the University of Michigan, has decided to press a claim to co-ownership of two Cohen-Boyer genetic engineering patents assigned to Stanford and the University of California. This decision will likely delay further the issuing of the second patent, tentatively rejected by the Patent Office in part on the basis of Helling's unresolved role. It may also increase pressure for a re-examination of the first patent issued in 1980.


With this collection of essays on adventures with children in the natural world, the editors seek to help restore nature's place in young people's lives. With this collection of essays on adventures with children in the natural world, the editors seek to help restore nature's place in young people's lives.


Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is used as a preservative in osmotically dehydrated papaya to improve product quality and extend shelf-life. The potential of near infrared spectroscopy, as a rapid method, was investigated to determine sulfur dioxide in osmotically dehydrated papaya. Commercial and laboratory osmotically dehydrated papaya samples were selected to determine the sulfur dioxide content using the Monier–Williams method. From the total of 350 samples, subsets were selected randomly for the calibration set (n=250) and validation set (n = 100). Near infrared spectra in the region 800–2400 nm were measured on the samples of osmotically dehydrated papaya. Quantitative analyses of sulfur dioxide in the osmotically dehydrated papaya and their qualitative analyses were carried out using multivariate analysis. Before developing models, a second derivative spectral pretreatment was applied to the original spectral data. Subsequently, two wavelength interval selection methods, namely moving window partial least squares regression (MWPLSR) and searching combination moving window partial least squares (SCMWPLS), were applied to determine the suitable input wavelength variables. For quantitative analysis, three linear models (partial least squares regression, MWPLSR and SCMWPLS) and a non-linear artificial neural network model were applied to develop predictive models. The results showed that the artificial neural network model produced the best performance, with correlation coefficient (R) and root mean square error of prediction values of 0.937 and 114.53 mg SO2 kg−1, respectively. Qualitative models were developed using partial least squares-discriminant analysis and soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA) for the optimized combination of informative regions of the near infrared spectra to classify osmotically dehydrated papaya into three groups based on sulfur dioxide. The SIMCA in combination with SCMWPLS model had the highest correct classification rate (96%). The study demonstrated that near infrared spectroscopy combined with SCMWPLS is a powerful procedure for both quantitative and qualitative analyses of osmotically dehydrated papaya. Therefore, it was demonstrated that near infrared spectroscopy could be effective tools for food quality and safety evaluation in food industry.


The medicine for treating skin disease consists of the following materials: halcinonide, menthol powder, camphor powder, dexamethasone acetate, Benadryl hydrochloride, miconazole nitrate, chloromycetin, griseofulvin, propylene glycol, sodium benzoate, sulphur powder and aromatic vanishing cream. The preparation process includes grinding and mixing menthol powder, camphor powder, dexamethasone acetate, Benadryl hydrochloride, chloromycetin and griseofulvin; mixing with sulphur powder and 100-mesh sieving; adding halcinonide, miconazole nitrate, propylene glycol and sodium benzoate while stirring; and finally adding vanishing cream. The present invention is wide spectrum antibacterial medicine and suitable for various kinds of fungi caused skin diseases, and has determined and fast curative effect, no toxic side effect and low cost.


Comparing the incidence of major cardiovascular events and severe microvascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis


Objective To explore the imaging diagnostic value of gastrointestinal stromal tumor(GIST).Methods The retrospective study on GIST proved by operation and pathology in 11 cases was done.There were pneumobarium double contrast examination in 10 cases,CT scanning in 4 cases,superior mesenteric ateriography in 2 cases and fiberoptic endoscopy in 7 cases.Results The locations of tumors at gastric were 7 cases,intestinal 2,lipper and row oseophagus to gastric cardiac in 1,respectively.The detective rate of GIST was 100%,75%,100% and 100% respectively by pneumobarium double contrast examination,CT,arteriography and fiberoptic endoscopy.Conclusion Pneumobarium double contrast examination and fiberoptic endoscopy are important methods for diagnosis of GIST.CT and arteriography can better show the location of tumors and differential diagnosis of benign and malignant of tumor.


Any economic activity executed according to modern requirements of nature management should not lead to irreversible violations of the natural environment; it is very seldom achieved in practice. Mining, transportation, storage and usage of oil products are the most agressive sectors by the amount of technogenic factors that negatively influence the natural environment. At the modern stage of development of technologies, applied in the oil industry, and because of various accidents, more than 3 million tons of oil waste is generated only in Russia annually, the predominant amount of the waste is accumulated in sludge pits [1]. About 100 million tons of the oil waste has been accumulated in total. The waste of the oil industry is a source of environmental pollution and represents danger, because an effective technology of waste disposal is missing [2]. Analysis of technological solutions for the oil products waste processing with the production of materials applied in construction and other sectors during processing will not only reduce ecological damage from accumulation and storage of waste, but also provide quality products.


Changes in gene expression due to cell heterogeneity and response to stressors in specific microenvironments remains poorly understood. Current methodologies that seek to interrogate gene expression at a molecular level require sampling of cellular transcriptome and therefore lysis of the cell preventing serial analysis of cellular transcriptome. To address this area of unmet need, we have recently developed a new technology allowing transcriptomic analysis over time without cellular destruction. Our novel method, TRACE-seq (TRanscriptomic Analysis Captured in Extracellular vesicles using sequencing), is characterized by a cell-type specific transgene expression. It provides data on a representative part of the cell transcriptome inside extracellular vesicles. Thus, the transcriptome of cells expressing TRACE can be followed over time in a non-destructive manner, which is a powerful tool for many fields of fundamental and translational biology research.


In this work, a combination of polymeric solutions and microfluidic processing has been used to generate a variety of particles from bubbles. Thus the size, size distribution and shape of the particles prepared have been controlled, for example, by processing poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) and polymethylsilsesquioxane solutions under the correct combination of gas pressure and liquid flow rate, virus-like nanosize particles have been generated while keeping the size distribution polydispersivity to <20%, and these can play a key role in targeted drug delivery. The ability to form particles in this way with biomedical applications in focus is essential to boost a wide range of advanced drug delivery healthcare applications.


Scaled Composites Incorporated, a partner of Angel Technologies Corporation, has built a high altitude long operation (HALO) airplane specially engineered for providing a wireless communications networks. The HALO aircraft has a fixed-wing airframe with twin turbofan propulsion. It will be FAA certified for piloted operation. Its high altitude flight regime was pioneered in the 1950s and its components will benefit from decades of aerospace industry experience and innovation. The HALO network will serve tens of thousands of subscribers within a super-metropolitan region, by offering ubiquitous access throughout the network's signal "footprint". The HALO aircraft will carry the "hub" of a wireless network having a star topology. The initial HALO network is expected to provide a raw bit capacity exceeding 16 Gbps, which by utilizing packet-switching could, for example, serve 50,000 to 100,000 subscribers requiring links with DS1-equivalent peak data rates in both directions. Three HALO aircraft will fly in shifts to provide continuous service, 24 hour per day by 7 days per week with an overall system reliability of 99.9% or greater. The HALO airplane will fly above commercial airline traffic and adverse weather at altitudes higher than 51,000 and will provide a communications service footprint or "Cone of Commerce" of approximately 120 kilometers in diameter. Any subscriber within that region will be able to access the HALO network's ubiquitous multi-gigabit per second "bit cloud" upon demand.


The emerging Multimedia Social Network (MSN) provides much more conveniences for the transmission and sharing of multimedia digital contents. However, the scenario on the distribution and spreading of copyrighted digital contents between users at will brings about a burning problem of Digital Rights Management (DRM). In addition, the open Internet and MSN platform are facing the security risks of digital contents copyrights infringements. The paper proposed a quantitative and qualitative-based risk analysis and assessment method, considering potential paths existence in MSN. Several risk impact factors was introduced, such as trust risk and user demands. Specifically, Value at Risk, a risk calculation method widely used in the financial field, as a quantitative analysis, was employed here. While an expert scoring sheet, as a qualitative approach, is used to evaluate non-quantifiable factors. Finally, the effectiveness of the security risk assessment method and related algorithm was verified by a well-designed experiment. We defined the size of the community followed by the "Rule of 150," and construct a random non-overlapped multimedia social network by using YouTube dataset. The experiment indicates that the relationships of risk loss with average rate of risk occurrence and risk preference of content providers are revealed.


The objective of this study was to identify risk factors for bacteremia by extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Retrospective casecontrol study performed in a 450-bed acute care academic tertiary hospital in Barcelona, Spain. Cases included 53 patients with ESBL-producing E. coli or K. pneumoniae bacteremia, and 159 controls with non-ESBL-producing E. coli or K. pneumoniae bacteremia. Controls were matched in a 3:1 ratio to case patients according to species of infecting organism, age, and severity of illness in the 24-48h before blood sample collection for culture calculated by the Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS II) system. Previous antimicrobials were more frequently administered to cases than to controls (56.5% vs 17%, p 2) of different families of antimicrobials received within 90 days before bloodstream infection was the only predictor of ESBL-producing E. coli or K. pneumoniae in blood culture (OR = 2.29, 95% CI 1.35-3.88, p = 0.002). Conclusion: Previous use of different families of antimicrobials (more than two) in patients with bloodstream infection caused by E. coli or K. pneumoniae increased the risk for ESBL-producing strains.


In this chapter, the author describes a class assignment that invites university students to explore the concept of placemaking as outcome, and of mapping as methodology in contemporary art education. The objective of this is to challenge students' preconceptions of how and where community-based art education is described and practiced. The project also encourages connections to trends and processes in contemporary art. The author presents student interpretations of the assignment through two projects, inviting readers to follow an examination of ideas for local practice through global thinking. In summary, this chapter suggests a model or strategy for educators and community-based art professionals to initiate socially engaged civic praxis, and activate discussion about global thinking, by mapping local visuality.


Molar conductivity values (Λ m) of 2,6-lutidinium chloride at ten different concentrations ranging from 0.001 to 0.01 mol dm−3, in several solvents and temperatures are reported for: seven solvents (dimethyl sulphoxide, acetonitrile, propylene carbonate, N,N-dimethylacetamide, ethanol, 1-propanol and 1-butanol) at five different temperatures (60.00, 65.00, 70.00, 75.00 and 80.00°C) and three additional solvents (nitromethane, 2-methyl-1-propanol and 2-ethoxyethanol) at 60.00°C. Molar conductivities at infinite dilution ( ), association constants (K A) and respective errors are also determined. The temperature dependence of and K A shows positive, negative and negligible trends. versus viscosity plots reveal a breakdown of Walden's rule. K A is markedly dependent on the solvent's features, revealing strong deviations from the predictions of classical dielectric theories. It is reasoned that specific ion–solvent–solvent interactions may play an important role.


When we talking about karyokinesis during the plants teaching,especially when we doing the experiment,it is very difficult for us to find the clear-cut image for each era,which will definitely affect the scientific and external principle of teaching.We have improved the procedure and made an overall rationalization of experimenting after several years'exploration,thereby getting some proper resolutions to the rate of experimental success,then let students grope for the results by themselves,which is very effective.


In the present study, the simultaneous extraction technology of water soluble alkaloids and essential oil from Zanthoxylum bungeanum was optimized by L9(34) orthogonal test. The results showed that the optimal extraction conditions were as follows;soaked time of Zanthoxylum bungeanum seed in deionized water 2 h, pH 2, ratio of material to deionized water 1:15 (W/V), and extraction time 3 h. Under these conditions, the yields of water soluble alkaloids and essential oil were 4.36% and 3.25%, respectively.


The invention relates to hyaluronic acid, in particular to method for purifying hyaluronic acid by pre-laying filter aid. In the step of kieselguhr and active carbon absorption and filtration, after the kieselguhr is pre-laid on a titanium bar filter as a filter layer, the enzymolysis solution or fermentation solution is filtered. When the method is used for preparing hyaluronic acid, the filtration assisting and absorbing effects of the kieselguhr are increased, the light transmittance of the filtrate can be improved, the bacterial endotoxin content of medicinal liquid is lowered effectively, and the impurities introduced to the medicinal liquid with the use of the kieselguhr are avoided. Compared with the overseas plate type coarse filtering method, the method reduces production cost, achieves the same effect and is particularly suitable for industrial production.


Introduction: Oral health is considered of paramount importance for visually impaired individuals due to the difficulties they face to maintain a good oral hygiene practice in different aspects, knowledge, physical and social. Thus, the provision of adequate training and education about oral health and the chemical role of mouthwashes is required for this group of society. This research aims at comparing the effect of various types of mouthwashes on gingival health among visually impaired persons. Materials and Methods: 92 students with a vision impairment of ages between (10-20) years suffering from gingivitis caused by dental plaque accumulation were included in this research. The sample was divided into 4 groups according to the type of used mouthwash as follows: 1) Chamomile group, 2) Aloe Vera group, 3) Chlorhexidine group, 4) Distilled water group. Dental plaque index (PI) and gingival index (GI) were recorded before the initiation of the treatment and after 15 days. One-way (ANOVA test) and the (Bonferroni test) were used for results analysis at p<0.05. Statistical analyses were completed using (SPSS) software –v13. Results: Aloe Vera and CHX groups have improved the dental plaque index (PI) without significant statistical differences. Both (CHX and Aloe Vera) have proven superiority over the Chamomile group which was statistically significant. Gingival index (GI) has improved in the Chamomile, Aloe Vera, and CHX groups without any statistical differences. Conclusion: Within the limitation of our study, we concluded that (Aloe Vera) mouthwashes can be used as a substitute to CHX in controlling plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation among visually impaired persons. Also, Chamomile mouthwashes have a distinguished impact on gingival inflammation, yet more researches are required. © This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.


In the lead up to Bluestocking Week 2014 we had confirmation that our theme 'Crossing the Line' was spot on. In an interview defending the Abbott Coalition Government's policy of cutting government funding of universities and passing the burden onto students with high fees and interest rates on HELP loans, the Minister for Education Christopher Pyne explained that women can stick with studying nursing and teaching where the fees won't be so high.


Contemporarily, the quantum world is a new area in physics which has been widely explored. With the contributions of the scholars, the whole structure of the quantum world might cause great revolution on all the knowledge in various fields including teleportation, computing etc. Among various applications, quantum teleportation has attracted plenty of researchers, where remarkable results have been achieved based on the advanced facilities and proposed concepts. For quantum teleportation. The encryption is the key of the process. On this basis, the main topic of the whole paper will demonstrate the possible encryption concluded from two main communication methods. To be specific, the history and basic notes of quantum physics will be recalled primarily. In addition, the principle of encryption and applications of quantum communication will be discussed. Moreover, the state-of-art applications and implementations for encryption of quantum communication will be clarified. These results shed light on guiding further exploration of the encryption process of quantum communication.


This article examines the trade creation and diversion effects of ASEAN-Plus-China (ACFTA) and -Japan (AJFTA) free trade agreements with focuses on production stage and machinery industry by estimating the gravity trade model for the recent two decades between 1993 and 2015. The purpose for focusing on the trade flows by production stages (final goods and intermediate goods) and by industries (machinery and non-machinery) is to uncover the effects of ACFTA and AJFTA on the expanding international production networks in East Asia. The main findings are summarized as follows. First, regarding industry total, the trade creation effects of ACFTA and AJFTA are identified not in intermediate goods but in final goods. It might come from the larger tariff gaps between the Most Favored Nation (MFN) rates and the preferential rate for ASEAN in final goods than in intermediate goods, reflecting the structure of "tariff escalation". Comparing the effects of ACFTA and AJFTA, the larger trade creation effects are found in ACFTA than in AJFTA, probably due to the larger tariff gaps with the higher MFN rates in China. As for machinery industry, the trade creation effects are verified on ACFTA probably due to the large tariff gaps with the still-existing high MFN in China, while no trade creation effects are found because of no tariff gaps with almost zero MFN rates in Japan.


The objective of this paper is to test the validity of the proposition known as long run neutrality of money (LRN) that changes in monetary aggregate, defined either as narrow or broad money, do not affect real output in the long run in Fiji. The empirical study, which is based on an autoregressive integrated moving average model, utilizes data on real GDP and nominal monetary aggregates, M1 and M2 over 1970-2011. The study results reveal that the proposition of LRN of money is rejected in both cases, when M1 or M2 is used as measures of nominal money supply, and that changes in monetary aggregate did have a positive impact on real output in Fiji.


This paper proposes an improved cell balancing circuit for fast equalization among the lithium ion (Li-ion) batteries. Usually, the battery cell balancing circuit uses the sensor to estimate the accurate SOC (state of charge) of each battery cell and to operate the switch selectively (Manenti et al., 2011), but it makes the system bulky and expensive. A simple voltage sensorless charge balancing circuit has been proposed in (Lim et al., 2014). This cell balancing circuit automatically transfers the energy from the high-voltage battery cell to the low-voltage battery cell. But it needs the switch which has low on-resistance, since the balancing speed is limited by the on-resistance of the switch. Also, as the voltage difference among the battery cells is decreased, the balancing speed is decreased. To ensure that the battery can operate in the safety state, the fast balancing speed must be obtained. In this paper, the balancing speed of the cell balancing circuit is enhanced by using the auxiliary circuit. Switching operation of the proposed circuit is controlled by the comparator and the flip-flop, gate devices. So there is no need for the complicated algorithm to control the switching operation. The simulation results are provided to verify the validity of the proposed cell balancing circuit.


In order to recognize capacitor storage voltage in primary circuit,a real-time automatic vision inspection system was designed.Based on the H component in the HIS model,the image district was extracted.Multi-channel chroma information,grey image projection techmgue were used to filter noise.In order to get smooth single signal,firstly an improved binarization method based on transformed grey image was proposed,then a two step thinning algorithm was used.The experimental result shows that this system is feasible and reasonable.


Mobile Adhoc Networks (MANETs) are dynamic and self-organized temporary networks which include a set of mobile routers and hosts sharing same radio channel using wireless connections exchanging data without a centralized management. Due to limited transmission range of wireless Adhoc network nodes, multiple hops are usually needed for a node to exchange information with any other node in the network. Thus routing is a crucial issue to the design of a MANET. Optimized Link State Routing Protocol (OLSR) is a table driven proactive routing protocol, with topology information and routes. Its efficiency depends on multipoint relay selection. Various studies were undertaken to decrease control traffic overheads by modifying present OLSR routing protocol. A novel routing protocol for Adhoc networks named as SR-MPOLSR develops from OLSR, incorporating multi-path strategy and source routing controlling scheme. It raises the throughput and drops the average delay. The proposed multipath OLSR for MANETs is based on link quality. It is compared with OLSR and SR-MPOLSR. This new algorithm calculates link quality based multiple routes. Source data transmission is through multiple paths. The experiment includes 50 nodes distributed over a 3 square kilometre area.


Early estimation of expected fruit tree yield is important for the market planning and for growers and exporters to plan for labour and boxes. Large variations in tree yield may be found, posing a challenge for accurate yield estimation. We evaluated a multilevel systematic sampling procedure for fruit yield estimation. In the Spring of 2009 we estimated the total number of fruit in several rows in each of 14 commercial fruit orchards growing apple, kiwi, and table grapes in central Chile. Survey times were 10-100 minutes for apples, 85 minutes for table grapes, and up to 150 minutes for kiwis. At harvest in the Fall, the fruit were counted to obtain the true yield. Yields ranged from lows of several thousand (grape bunches), to highs of more than 40 thousand fruit (apples, kiwis). In 11 orchards, true errors less than 10% were obtained. In two highly variable orchards we obtained absolute true errors of about 20%. An analysis based on systematic sub-sampling of sample data across each sampling stage was used to determine how to distribute sampling effort to acheive the desired precision.


Flavescence doree and Esca are two of the most important diseases that can affect grapevine. These diseases, if not properly treated in time, are the cause of vegetative stress or death of the attacked plant, with the consequence of losses in production as well as a rising risk of propagation to the closer grapevines. Nowadays, the detection of Flavescence doree and Esca is carried out manually through visual surveys usually done by agronomists. These activities require enormous amount of time. Up to now, a solution for a fast and early disease detection of these bacterial and fungal attack was not yet developed. Aim of this research was to test if the use of sensors typically employed in precision agriculture and robotics, mounted on different vehicles, can be a useful tool for crop monitoring purposes, principally for the recognition of disease symptoms. Therefore, two prototypes of a mobile laboratory, the ByeLab (Bionic eye laboratory) and the ATV- LAB, equipped with sensors, were tested on vineyards. The ByeLab is a remote controlled tracked vehicle, able to move between vineyards rows in an easy way also in case of difficult terrain conditions (such as slope or mud). An aluminum frame, specifically designed, was installed on the Byelab. Here, two Lidar sensors (one on the top and the other on the bottom) and six multispectral sensors (three per side, placed at different height) are fixed, respectively on frontal and lateral sides. Thanks to these sensors, the volume of the monitored grapevines and their NDVI were assessed. All the collected values are geo-localized thanks to the presence of a RTK-GNSS receiver, mounted on the top of the frame. Indeed, on the ATV-LAB only two multispectral sensors, one per side and positioned at the same height, and a RTK-GNSS receiver were installed on a support placed frontally. Both vehicles were equipped with a data-logger, in order to store all the collected data.
With the aim to identify the grapevine diseases with these two solutions, a visive survey was also conducted to obtain a reference for a comparison. Through this survey, the presence of Flavescence doree and Esca were assessed and classified according to the stage of the infection. Also the empty spaces along the row, due to missing plants or to the presence of rootstocks, were monitored.
From the comparison among manual survey and the assessed NDVI collected by the ByeLab and by the ATV- LAB, the preliminary results show a capability of these systems to detect respectively 80% and 40% of the low vigor condition, as well as diseases and plant absence. From these preliminary results, the ByeLab shows a pretty good capability to identify the presence of low vigor condition along the row.


Abstract Attempted preparation of a chelated CoII β‐silylamide resulted in the unprecedented disproportionation to Co0 and a spirocyclic cobalt(IV) bis(β‐silyldiamide): [Co[(NtBu)2SiMe2]2] (1). Compound 1 exhibited a room‐temperature magnetic moment of 1.8 B.M. and a solid‐state axial EPR spectrum diagnostic of a rare S=1/2 configuration for tetrahedral CoIV. Ab initio semicanonical coupled‐cluster calculations (DLPNO‐CCSD(T)) revealed the doublet state was clearly preferred (−27 kcal mol−1) over higher spin configurations only for the bulky tert‐butyl‐substituted analogue. Unlike other CoIV complexes, 1 had remarkable thermal stability, and was demonstrated to form a stable self‐limiting monolayer in preliminary atomic layer deposition (ALD) surface saturation experiments. The ease of synthesis and high stability make 1 an attractive starting point to investigate otherwise inaccessible CoIV intermediates and for synthesizing new materials.


Objective To isolate and identify the chemical constituents of 95% alcohol extract in the fruits of Ailanthus altissima. Methods The compounds were prepared by repurification and their structures were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral analyses. Results Nine compounds were isolated and identified as ailanthone A [11β, 20-epoxy-1β, 2α, 12α-pentahydroxypicrasa-3, 13(21)-dien-16-one, Ⅰ], olean-9(11), 12-dien-3β-ol (Ⅱ), D-friedoolean-14-en-3-one (Ⅲ), β-amyin (Ⅳ), cycloart-25-ene-3β,24ξ-diol (Ⅴ), hopane-3-one-22-ol (Ⅵ), n-tetratriacontane (Ⅶ), L-evonymitol (Ⅷ), D-mannitol (Ⅸ). Conclusion Among them Ⅱ- Ⅸ are isolated from the plants of Ailanthus Desf. nom. Conserv. for the first time.


Sleep is an extremely complex phenomenon involving all levels of the neuraxis and multiple levels of regulation. Today it is universally accepted that mammals and primates present at least two basic stages of sleep. The electrographic signs of cortical activity (EEG), eye movements, muscle tone (EMG), and lateral geniculate body (PGO activity) are the major signals, which determine a given sleep stage. The state of sleep is first characterized electroencephalographically by the appearance of 14–18 Hz cortical spindles, which are subsequently replaced by 2–4 Hz slow waves. At the same time, high-voltage (500–800 μV) sharp waves are recorded from the hippocampus, while the electromyogram (EMG) decreases slightly. Usually after some 30–40 min the electrophysiological signs of slow wave sleep (SWS) are replaced by low-voltage fast cortical EEG activity, regular hippocampal theta rhythm (5--6 Hz), isoelectric EMG, burst of rapid eye movements (REM), and pontogeniculo-occipital (PGO) waves. PGO waves appear in SWS approximately 1 min before all REM sleep periods [1]. The last few years have seen substantial increases in the knowledge concerning both the neuronal mechanisms regulating certain features of sleep, state physiology and relationship of sleep to mammalian biological functions such as temperature regulation, hormonal regulation, and levels of nutrition on the sleep-wake cycle. In this article we will summarize evidence showing that the food intake and food quality induce important changes in sleep-wake cycle.


In this work, the effect of the source doping profile due to possible fabrication aspects has been investigated and discussed for both carbon nanotube tunneling field effect transistors (TFETs) and metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs). A quantum 2D simulator, which is based on self-consistent solution of non-equilibrium Green's function and Poisson's equation, is utilized. It has been found that the source doping gradient remarkably affects the drain current, especially in the case of TFET. This raises the need for fabrication precautions and design to retain higher ON-state current. Besides, the high frequency behavior of TFET and MOSFET structures is inspected in terms of cut-off frequency f T. It is found that the source doping profile has a more significant impact on TFETs than on MOSFETs. For better performance, source doping needs to be abrupt. However, with a small source-gate underlapping, degradations due to gradual doping can be reduced. It is also found that a TFET with source/drain low-k oxide spacer can achieve more immunity to these degradations than the single oxide structure.


In 1883 The Story of an African Farm appeared under the pseudonym of "Ralph Iron." That Schreiner's nom de pi urne pays homage to Ralph Waldo Emerson is axiomatic in analyses of the novel, especially insofar as Lyndall together with Waldo and Em are the novel's pro-, deuter-, and tritagonists. The primary meaning of "iron" is undoubtedly found in Schreiner's admiration of Emerson's theme of self-reliance— firmness of mind, courage, inner strength: "High be his heart, faithful his will, clear his sight, that he may in good earnest be doctrine, society, law, to himself, that a simple purpose may be to him as strong as iron necessity is to others!"l Alluding to 1875-79 when she composed her novel, Schreiner asks Havelock Ellis, "Hasn't your heart ever been like iron?" then adds, "Mine was for five years. Then for the three years I first spent in England I cried every night for hours."2 But over and above its Emersonian resonances, Ralph Iron serves in a manner not unlike the more famous mask of David Copperfield that Dickens chose for his fictionalized autobiographical narration. Just as the field of copper suggests both a humble yet useful metal, malleable and uncorrodible like gold but basic to the currency or seagoing mercantile enterprises, so too in the context of South African gold and diamonds, iron is everywhere underfoot, not least in the iron-stones of the kopjes. But everywhere also, as the imagery of the novel indicates, the eidola of creeds arise as iron bars to lacerate mortal flesh, iron walls to imprison it and against which the individual self often cannot prevail.3 The ostrich and sheep farm of Tant' Sannie typifies not so much a place, finally, as a state of being, a condition of iron necessity and oppression. Schreiner's iron may be a more equivocal image than Dickens' copper.


ABSTRACT Family-professional partnerships are an important predictor of student success for children with and without disabilities. However, little is known about the perspectives of fathers of children with complex disabilities regarding their partnerships with educational professionals. This study presents findings from semi-structured interviews with 15 fathers of children with complex disabilities regarding their partnerships with professionals. Fathers described both challenging and collaborative interactions with the educational professionals working with their children. In challenging interactions, fathers described educational professionals focused on the monetary costs of their child's educational needs, a struggle to find schools and programs that fit their child's needs, and educators who were inflexible and unwilling to implement individualized instructional strategies. More positive and collaborative father-professional partnerships were characterized by authentic relationships that responded to the expertise of parents, as well as educators who were flexible and strengths-based in their practice. Fathers offered guidance for how educators could strengthen partnerships with fathers. Findings from this study extend the very limited research on the school involvement experiences of fathers of children with complex disabilities by identifying specific characteristics of positive and negative family-professional interactions for these fathers and highlighting avenues for change in professional practice to strengthen fathers' school involvement experiences.


Air traffic controllers currently rely on structured routes and traffic organization for managing separation problems. However, even in today's structured air traffic control environment, human limitations in the rate and accuracy with which they can extrapolate aircraft positions can result in late or unnecessary ATC interventions to resolve conflicts. To meet the additional demands that will be placed on controllers operating in the unstructured routing environment introduced as part of Free Flight, the FAA and the MITRE Center for Advanced Aviation System Development (CAASD) have been researching and developing a strategic conflict probe capability for the en route controller team called the User Request Evaluation Tool (URET). This paper presents results from (a) recent field evaluations of URET, (b) analysis activities using real traffic scenarios from Indianapolis Center, and (c) a controller-in-the-loop simulation study of the URET being used in a traffic environment with reduced structure relative to current practice. The paper analyzes these results to describe how Conflict Probe can help reduce the restrictions that are imposed on flights.


ABS>A list of 222 references pertaining to corrosion by molten Li and related subjects was compiled in connection with a Lithium Symposium held at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory on August 7-8, 1957. This list is by no means exhaustive but it is thought to contain most of the information presently available on these subfects. In many cases the individual references will contain additional references. (auth)


In recent years, short peptide self-assembled materials, prepared under the control of the thermolysin catalyst, have been investigated extensively and shown to acquire various morphologies and fun...


We consider zero-sum stochastic differential games with possibly path-dependent controlled state. Unlike the previous literature, we allow for weak solutions of the state equation so that the players' controls are automatically of feedback type. Under some restrictions, needed for the a priori regularity of the upper and lower value functions of the game, we show that the game value exists when both the appropriate path-dependent Isaacs condition, and the uniqueness of viscosity solutions of the corresponding path-dependent Isaacs-HJB equation hold. We also provide a general verification argument and a characterisation of saddle-points by means of an appropriate notion of second-order backward SDEs.


Background and Objectives: The masseter muscle has a major influence on the transverse growth of the mid face.It has also been shown that delay in the growth and development is the principle reason behind small size of the body or reduced Body Mass Index (BMI) in cleft patients. The aims of this study were to measure the masseter muscle thickness and BMI and to correlate the relationship in Unilateral Cleft lip and Palate (UCLP) patients. Materials and Method : 30 children with UCLP (11males and 19females) and 30 non-CLP (17 males and 13females) children in the age group of 10 to 15 years were selected. The masseter muscle thickness was measured by a real-time ultrasound imaging technique. The measurements were performed under relaxed and in contracted position. BMI was calculated using the standard formula for each individual. The data was analyzed using ANOVA and Pearsons correlation analysis. Results : Under relaxed conditions, the mean muscle thickness in cleft children was 8.1( 1.3) mm, and under contracted conditions it was 10.3 ( 1.5) mm. In non-cleft children the respective measurements were 8.4 ( 1.6) mm and 10.5 ( 2.1) mm. The mean BMI for cleft individuals was 16.2 ( 3.0) kg/cm 2 and for non cleft group, it was16.0 (1.6) kg/cm 2 . Conclusion: UCLP children have decreased masseter muscle thickness and an increased BMI but the differences were not statistically significant when compared to non-cleft individuals. Masseter muscle thickness in contracted condition was found to be significantly correlated to BMI in UCLP individuals.


The number of graduating dentists cannot keep pace with the ever-grow ing demand for care, even though the enrollment of first-year dental students has increased nearly 22% in the past seven years— an increase al most four times greater than the in crease recorded in the preceding seven years. Demand is growing for several reasons. Population growth is the most obvious, yet the major one. Another is the recognition that dental diseases are health problems. Because they are health problems, they are being included in the new concept of health as a right rather than a privilege. Consequently, the demand for dental treatment is ex pected to increase 50% to 75% by 1975. Today there are only an estimated 47 non-Federal, active dentists for each 100,000 civilian Americans. The expansion from 3,770 freshmen entering dental schools in 1963 to nearly 4,500 for the fall of 1970 can meet only a fifth to a third of the increased demand for care. Dental research training can help meet this crisis. First of all, it can prepare sci entists who may lead the way to new preventives that diminish the need for care. Secondly, the body of trained investigators— especially clinical investigators— can partici pate in educating tomorrow's den tist. Scientists can make significant contributions to dental education not only because they can alleviate the shortage of dental school faculty members, but also because their spe cial knowledge and insights can help assure that the practitioners of the future receive an adequate orienta tion to scientific concepts. To train scientists for careers in academic dentistry, the National In stitute of Dental Research offers two types of grants that support graduate research training in many healthoriented sciences: the fellowship, made to individual students to sup port their postdoctoral studies, and the research training grant, which is awarded to dental schools and uni versities in support of their research training efforts. To qualify for an NIDR fellow ship, you must have either a DDS, MD, PhD, or other doctoral degree. Prospective fellows apply for gradu ate training and select a sponsor be fore competing for a fellowship. For additional information and fellow ship application kits, please write to: Training Grants Officer, Extramu ral Programs, National Institute of Dental Research, National Institutes of Health, Westwood Bldg, Bethes da, Md 20014. Because the qualifications vary for people training in the programs funded by NIDR research training grants, the general prerequisites are given in the following listing. For ad ditional details regarding admission stipends and training under this sec ond mechanism, please write to the directors of the programs of particu lar interest to you because each di rector is responsible for selecting his own students. Programs are listed alphabetically, according to the name of the training institution.


This study reviews the influence of wetland design criteria (Kickuth equation, area sizing, first order kinetics) and operation parameters (hydraulic and influent loading) on pollutant removal (organics, solids, nutrients and coliforms) in both subsurface and surface flow systems. Results showed that despite high removal efficiency reported for most wetlands, residual concentrations for BOD are frequently higher than those predicted based on the 95 percentile first-order Kickuth design equation. Also correlation results indicate that hydraulic and pollutant loading strongly influence wetland performance for organic removal (BOD, COD). In all cases, removal generally decreases as loading increases. Hydraulic loading was not found to correlate with nutrient removal. Overall, it can be concluded that organic removal can be modeled better compared to nutrient in treatment wetlands. Since removal of solids and coliforms are not primarily influenced by the key design parameters, it is expected that they will fit into any design model developed. Keywords design criteria; hydraulic loading; removal. DOI: 10.3329/jce.v25i0.7237 Journal of Chemical Engineering , IEB Vol. ChE. 25, No. 1, December 2010 pp.29-42


Children enter local authority care in the UK for many different reasons. The main one recorded in official statistics is 'abuse and neglect' which applies to 60% of admissions and the health implications of such adverse experiences are obvious. Other reasons, such as disability, family dysfunction, acute stress and difficult behaviour, also carry similar risks which may be less salient. While looked after children have many of the same health issues as their peers, the impact of past experiences on their health is likely to be greater than for other children in society. Local authorities have a legal duty under the Children Act 1989 to safeguard and promote the health and welfare of all the children they look after whatever their needs. This variety in the reasons for care admissions means that the population of looked after children is extremely diverse. With regard to age, for example, a snapshot of those in care in the UK at any one time shows that nearly a quarter of them are aged over 15 years and only 5% under one year old, suggesting a plethora of late teenage rather than paediatric health problems. But the statistics for admissions to care over a 12-month period show a different picture, with 20% of the children entering care in their first year of life. When these characteristics are combined with the types of needs and their shortand long-term implications, the range of children's possible health problems becomes clear, as does their likely complexity. This is also a major public health issue as in the UK 100,000 children are looked after at any one time and many more move in and out of the care system each year. In this note we present the findings of an audit into the identification of the health needs at the Initial Health Assessment (IHA) of children entering care. We describe these together with subsequent actions. We also specifically attend to the specific health problems of the oldest cohort (16–17-years-old) as identified at the IHA.


Originally K-anonymity principle was first used in relational databases to tackle the problem of data anonymity. In earlier protection techniques K threshold is used as personalization factor for mobile users. In case, K users are not present around needy client mobile user, query can be delayed and thus it will not help to achieve the Quality of service parameter. Moreover, authors have adopted methodology that if K-1 additional travelling users or queries are not seen by needy users, dummies are populated in the environment to improve the quality of service. Earlier architectures shows poor usage of K-principle, cryptography and cloaking space, which leads to threat during communication, more communication cost, more computation cost. We present here enhanced privacy model in a trustworthy third party privacy context that employs the notion of K-anonymity. In this work, enhanced algorithms are introduced, that guarantees a success of Location Based Services (LBS) query replies coming back to mobile client. Client sends the query to the anonymization server (AS), where this server cloaks the users with other at least K users. Our novelty in the experiment is that we have introduced cryptography from client to AS, modified earlier algorithms for Ring-Band approach, smart location updates and simulated the scaled experiment in populated cities environment. The AS add the dummies but creates ring-band cloaking area and sends it to LBS server. Cryptography adds some time however ring-band approach reduces communication overhead. We have studied the performance with variation of different parameters. The response from LBS comes to AS with Point of Interests (POIs) along the ring-band. After which AS filters for precise POIs and sends reply to mobile client. With ring-band approach we may also skip the AS and have client to LBS approach directly but without identity protection.


The paper puts forward an idea that Multi-terminal DC HVDC with VSCs (VSC-MTDC) can run for a period with some types of DC faults during which the fault is cleared and then the appointed transformer's neutral in VSC is connected to ground to rebalance two-pole's voltages of DC capacitors. The AC-circuit breakers (AC-CBs) and fast DC switches (SW) stalled in two end of each DC line are used to extinguish DC fault current and isolate fault line utilizing one specific VSC to control the current through fault line to cross zero. Simulation on PSCAD/EMTDC shows the idea is reasonable and the methods advanced in the paper are feasible and effective and the passive loads connected to the system are supplied uninterrupted power.


The continuing increase in functional requirements of modern hardware designs means the traditional functional verification process becomes inefficient in meeting the time-to-market goal with sufficient level of confidence in the design. Therefore, the need for enhancing the process is evident. Machine learning (ML) models proved to be valuable for automating major parts of the process, which have typically occupied the bandwidth of engineers; diverting them from adding new coverage metrics to make the designs more robust. Current research of deploying different (ML) models prove to be promising in areas such as stimulus constraining, test generation, coverage collection and bug detection and localization. An example of deploying artificial neural network (ANN) in test generation shows 24.5× speed up in functionally verifying a dual-core RISC processor specification. Another study demonstrates how k-means clustering can reduce redundancy of simulation trace dump of an AHB-to-WHISHBONE bridge by 21%, thus reducing the debugging effort by not having to inspect unnecessary waveforms. The surveyed work demonstrates a comprehensive overview of current (ML) models enhancing the functional verification process from which an insight of promising future research areas is inferred.


from the generation principle and meshing theory of spiral bevel gear, this paper present a method to produce the conjugate tooth surface of point contact, and find its application on the spiral bevel gear with circular tooth profile and cycloid teeth. The equation of tooth surface of this kind is deduced as well.


A new and facile synthesis of unsymmetrical heterocyclic azines is described. Methyl arylalkylidenehydraz-inecarbodithioates, prepared by the condensation of ketones or aldehydes with methyl hydrazinecarbodithioate, were heated under reflux with various diamines in ethanol. Secondary diamines, such as N,N′-dimethyl-ethylenediamine, N,N′-dimethyl-1,3-diaminopropane or N,N′-dimethyl-o-phenylenediamine, reacted smoothly with loss of hydrogen sulfide to give good yields of unsymmetrical azines. However, primary diamines, such as ethylenediamine or o-phenylenediamine, and primary/secondary diamines, such as N-methylethyl-enediamine and N-methyl-1,3-diaminopropane gave, instead, only the corresponding uncyclized thiosemi-carbazones. A cyclodesulfurization mechanism for azine formation is discussed.


Why do so few medical doctors now find academic medicine attractive?1 Academic clinicians are enthused by the science they work in and often communicate …


The invention provides an aircraft passenger cabin floor with a sunken transition segment. The aircraft passenger cabin floor with the sunken transition segment meets the functional requirement for smooth transition on the premise that the strength requirement is met in a sunken transition region. The percent of pass of parts is increased, and manufacturing cost is reduced. According to the technical scheme, the aircraft passenger cabin floor with the sunken transition segment comprises an upper skin (1), a thick honeycomb (2), a thin honeycomb (3), a lower skin assembly (4) and a flame-retardant edge sealing material (5), wherein the lower skin assembly is composed of a first lower skin (6), a second lower skin (7) and a sunken transition part (8), the thick honeycomb (2) is arranged between the upper skin (1) and the second lower skin (7), the thin honeycomb (3) is arranged between the upper skin (1) and the first lower skin (6), the cut and chamfered thick honeycomb (2) is arranged between the upper skin (1) and the sunken transition part (8), and the outer side edges of the thick honeycomb (2) and the thin honeycomb (3) are filled with the flame-retardant edge sealing material (5).


The novel androgen receptor‐directed therapies abiraterone acetate and enzalutamide, having demonstrated improved survival in randomized phase 3 studies of men with metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer, have ushered in a new era in the treatment of this disease. Additional novel androgen receptor‐directed therapies, such as ARN‐509 and orteronel, are in various phases of clinical trials and development. However, the emergence of therapeutic resistance and clinical disease progression is inevitable. Although advances in genomic technologies have led to unprecedented understanding of the biology of castration‐resistant prostate cancer, efforts only now are underway to elucidate the mechanisms of resistance associated with abiraterone and enzalutamide. A tremendous challenge in the near future will be to determine the optimal sequence or combination of therapies to overcome resistance mechanisms. In this review, the current landscape of androgen receptor‐directed therapies and future directions necessary to enhance their clinical efficacy for the maximal benefit of patients are discussed. Cancer 2015;121:361–371. © 2014 American Cancer Society.


The Law of Small Things begins with an IQ (Integrity Quotient) test designed to reveal the casual way we regard our promises and the misconceptions we have about acting truthfully. The book shows how most people believe that integrity is something we "just have" and that we just do, like a Nike commercial. It depicts these and other deceptions we deploy to appear to act with integrity without actually doing so.

 The Law of Small Things also exposes how our culture encourages breaches of integrity through an array of "permitted promise-breaking," a language of cliches that equates self-interest with duty, and the "illusion of inconsequence" that excuses small breaches with the breezy confidence that we can fulfill integrity when it counts.

 Brody challenges the prevailing notion that integrity is a possession you hold permanently. No one "has integrity" and no one is perfect in practicing it. What we have is the opportunity to uphold promises and fulfill duties in each situation that faces us, large and small. Integrity is a practice and a habit of keeping promises, the ones we make explicitly and the ones that are implied in all our relationships.

 Ultimately, developing skill in the practice of integrity leads us to knowledge of who we are--not in the way the culture defines us, but in the way we truly know ourselves to be.


On May 20, the U.S. Department of the Treasury sold a 20-year bond for the first time since 1986. In announcing the reintroduction, Treasury said it would issue the bond in a regular and predictable manner and in benchmark size, thereby creating an additional liquidity point along the Treasury yield curve. But just how liquid is the new bond? In this post, we take a first look at the bond's behavior, evaluating its trading activity and liquidity using a short sample of data since the bond's introduction.


Succeeding to the preceding paper, stereoselective synthesis of the C8-C15 segment of (+)-discodermolide (1), the marine natural product having the potent immunosuppressive activity, is described in which the contiguous asymmetric centers at C11 and C12 positions were stereospecifically constructed via the methylation of an epoxy alcohol with lithium dimethylcuprate.


An algorithm of a good initial guess selection for optimization of an antenna field distribution is proposed. The parameters controlling the field distribution are the depth of grooves and the width of lamellas of a reflection grating scattering a surface wave of a planar dielectric waveguide. The algorithm uses the energy characteristic of a single groove. An example of optimization of the cosine on-a-pedestal field distribution is given.


Trust is a key concept in social networks, reflecting credibility and reliability for a multitude of participants and online data. Nevertheless, the majority of such networks lack explicit trust feedback. This motivates a mechanism to predict and manage trust relations automatically. We extract in an unsupervised manner local trust relationships between pairs of users from social networks derived from Twitter. We take into account factors of measurable influence between users, the impact of the structural topology of users in the network and the valence (sentiment) associated with the languagebased information shared by network members. We evaluate our user trust rankings over other members of the network against a metric of ground truth for both social media data and a non-social media dataset, and analyze how the inclusion of valence lends robustness and stability to our model of trust. Knowledge of trustworthy citizens in social networks is quite advantageous in accurately assessing the credibility of the information they provide via social media, for the purpose of emergency response and recovery efforts during a disaster or a catastrophic event.


You might find this additional information useful... This article cites 53 articles, 21 of which you can access free at: http://jap.physiology.org/cgi/content/full/98/4/1387#BIBL This article has been cited by 2 other HighWire hosted articles: € [Full Text]€ [PDF] Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, September 1,€2005; 289€(3): R653-R655. E. H. Schlenker Integration in the PVN: another piece of the puzzle € [Abstract]€ [Full Text]€ [PDF] Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, June 1,€2006; 290€(6): R1654-R1663. W. Zhang, T. Sakurai, Y. Fukuda and T. Kuwaki defense response in mice Orexin neuron-mediated skeletal muscle vasodilation and shift of baroreflex duringUpdated information and services including high-resolution figures, can be found at: http://jap.physiology.org/cgi/content/full/98/4/1387 Additional material and information about Journal of Applied Physiology can be found at: http://www.the-aps.org/publications/jappl This information is current as of November 6, 2006 . € ISSN: 8750-7587, ESSN: 1522-1601. Visit our website at http://www.the-aps.org/.


Since the inception of prospects theory of Markowitz (1952) which leads to the development of CAPM has been studied and applied in many ways. Some researchers conclude that CAPM is valid and could be used for valuation of securities and cost of equity. However, critiques arise that CAPM is a single risk factor and remark that a single factor model cannot be generalized in the overall capital markets because the capital market absorbs many other risk factors. The CAPM has been applied to the Pakistan's Stock Exchange to check the validity of CAPM for a sample of 306 individual firms and 18 industrial portfolios. Two pass regression has been applied to check the applicability of CAPM in Pakistan's stock exchange. The results show that CAPM, single factor model is not valid for the technical analysis in Pakistan's capital market. The investors need to use other type of factor models which include other economic and non economic kind of variables for valuation of securities.


Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a potent greenhouse gas, and nitrate () is a water contaminant. In grazed grassland, the major source of both leaching and N2O emissions is nitrogen (N) deposited in animal excreta, particularly in the urine. The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of two nitrification inhibitors: (i) a solution of dicyandiamide (DCD) and (ii) a liquid formulation of 3,4‐dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) for reducing N2O emissions and leaching from urine patch areas in two grazed pasture soils under different environmental conditions. In the Canterbury Templeton soil, the nitrification rate of ammonium from the animal urine applied at 1000 kg N/ha was significantly decreased by the application of DCD (10 kg/ha) and DMPP (5 kg/ha). N2O emissions, measured over a 3‐month period, from dairy cow urine applied to the Canterbury Templeton soil were 1.14 kg N2O‐N/ha, and this was reduced to 0.43 and 0.39 kg N2O‐N/ha by DCD and the liquid DMPP, respectively. These are equivalent to 62–66% reductions in the total N2O emissions. Nitrate leaching losses from dairy cow urine applied to the Waikato Horotiu soil lysimeters were reduced from 628.6 kg ‐N/ha to 400.6 and 451.5 kg ‐N/ha by the application of DCD (10 kg/ha) or DMPP (1 kg/ha), respectively. There was no significant difference between the DCD solution and the liquid DMPP in terms of their effectiveness in reducing N2O emissions or leaching under the experimental conditions of this study. These results suggest that both the liquid formulations of DCD and DMPP have the potential to be used as nitrification inhibitors to reduce N2O emissions and leaching in grazed pasture soils.


A 74-year-old man presented to his outpatient physician after noticing a painless, visible abdominal mass 3 weeks earlier (Panel A). His medical history was significant for 40 pack-years of smoking and a left mandibulectomy, parotidectomy, neck dissection, and irradiation for recurrent oral squamous-cell cancer. Physical examination was notable for a large, nontender, pulsatile mass. A computed tomographic scan of the abdomen revealed a nonruptured, infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm, 15 cm in diameter, with extensive intraluminal thrombus. The aneurysm extended to the aortic bifurcation and proximal left common iliac artery (Panel B). The patient was transferred to an acute care facility . . .


p-type silicon (p-Si)/macro-assembled graphene nanofilm (nMAG)/n-type silicon (n-Si) heterojunction is utilized to fabricate near-infrared photodetector. Dual built-in electric fields were established in the same direction at the p-Si/nMAG and nMAG/n-Si heterojunctions, providing an enhanced electron-hole separation ability. The p-Si/nMAG/n-Si device has realized responsivities of 90 mA/W and 45 mA/W under 900 nm and 1064 nm illumination at room temperature and corresponding external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 11.8% and 5.2%, respectively, which is 30% and 45% higher than that of the single-junction nMAG/n-Si device. In this work, we applied two-dimensional (2D) carbon materials combined with monocrystalline silicon to explore complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) process-compatible device fabrication techniques, which paves the way to develop low-cost and large-scale near-infrared carbon-based photodetectors.


Satellite data indicate that the dust concentration over Pakistan and its surrounding regions is substantially large especially in summer season when southwesterly winds actively bring additional dust (apart from local deserts) from eastern Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. To assess the potential response of summer rainfalls in Pakistan for dust concentrations, in this study we use an atmospheric general circulation model with prescribed sea surface temperatures and elucidate that the contribution of dust in modulating summer precipitation can be substantial with mainly positive responses over northern and southern Pakistan while negligibly small negative response over the central region. The anomalous results for dust aerosols in the model are calculated as the difference between two types of ensemble sensitive experiments with one ensemble simulation including dust while in the other ensemble the dust is removed over a selected domain. The maximum amount of enhanced rainfall is about 0.7 mm/day which is approximately 10% of the summer season rainfall in northern Pakistan. Such anomalous amplification in rainfall is realized through the advection of moist static energy into land regions of Pakistan as well as the additional supply of moisture from the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea.


All journals,both academic journals and journals in general,are to convey a particular kind of information.The information conveyed has a great influence on the development of journals and the disciplines related.The study of this influence is of significance to editors by and large.


Different evocations of "crisis" create distinct categories that in turn evoke certain social reactions. After 2008 Greece became the epicentre of the "financial crisis"; since 2015 with the advent of the "refugee crisis," it became the "hotspot of Europe." What are the different vocabularies of crisis? Moreover, how have both representations of crisis facilitated humanitarian crises to become phenomena for European and transnational institutional management? What are the hegemonically constructed subjects of the different crises? The everyday reality in the crisis-ridden hotspot of Europe is invisible in these representations. It is precisely the daily, soft, lived, and unspoken realities of intersecting crises that hegemonic discourses of successive, overlapping, or "nesting crises" render invisible. By shifting the focus from who belongs to which state-devised category to an open-ended, polyvocal account of capitalist oppressions, we aim to question the state's and supranational efforts to divide the "migrant mob" into discrete juridical categories of citi-zens (emigrants), refugees, and illegal immigrants, thereby undermining coalitional struggles between precaritised groups.


We obtained new Fabry-Perot data cubes and derived velocity fields, monochromatic, and velocity dispersion maps for 28 galaxies in the Hickson compact groups 37, 40, 47, 49, 54, 56, 68, 79, and 93. We also derived rotation curves for 9 of the studied galaxies, 6 of which are strongly asymmetric. Combining these new data with previously published 2D kinematic maps of compact group galaxies, we investigated the differences between the kinematic and morphological position angles for a sample of 46 galaxies. We find that one third of the unbarred compact group galaxies have position angle misalignments between the stellar and gaseous components. This and the asymmetric rotation curves are clear signatures of kinematic perturbations, probably because of interactions among compact group galaxies. A comparison between the B-band Tully-Fisher relation for compact group galaxies and for the GHASP field-galaxy sample shows that, despite the high fraction of compact group galaxies with asymmetric rotation curves, these lay on the TF relation defined by galaxies in less dense environments, although with more scatter. This agrees with previous results, but now confirmed for a larger sample of 41 galaxies. We confirm the tendency for compact group galaxies at the low-mass end of the Tully-Fisher relation (HCG 49b, 89d, 96c, 96d, and 100c) to have either a magnitude that is too bright for its mass (suggesting brightening by star formation) and/or a low maximum rotational velocity for its luminosity (suggesting tidal stripping). These galaxies are outside the Tully Fisher relation at the 1 sigma level, even when the minimum acceptable values of inclinations are used to compute their maximum velocities. Including such galaxies with nu \textless 100 km s(-1) in the determination of the zero point and slope of the compact group B-band Tully-Fisher relation would strongly change the fit, making it different from the relation for field galaxies, which has to be kept in mind when studying scaling relations of interacting galaxies, especially at high redshifts.


In the article we present how teachers by use of design patterns in a participatory design process have captured their experiences of using information technology in teaching. Focus in the design p ...


"Life is a game". This is the claim of a number of novel services to help people to overcome common motivational problems. This notion of turning life into a game was recently called gamification. This paper discusses the typically employed strategies to motivate people to change their behaviour and attitudes. Based on this, we advocate an experiential, more intrinsic approach to gamification, which focuses on the provision of meaning rather than rewards.


Dysfunction of the bronchial epithelium plays an important role in asthma; however, its measurement is challenging. Columnar epithelial cells are often quantified, yet rarely analysed, in induced sputum studies.


The ways of development of optical control technology of polymer composite materials structures by fiber-optic sensors during production and operation are described and investigated. A mathematical model describing the process of PCM monitoring using fiber optic sensors based on fiber Bragg gratings, clarifying the parameters of a mathematical model by experimentally determining the sensitivity coefficient of fiber optic sensors integrated in PCM, makes it possible to reduce the error in measuring strain by 5 – 7 times. The interaction in the system fiber-optic sensors – PCM and found that the integration of fiber-optic sensors based on quartz fibers in PCM, there is a partial destruction of the protective acrylate shell, which leads to the effect of microslip, which does not significantly affect the quality of measurements and can be compensated for by calibration. The requirements for the placement of fiber-optic sensors in the PCM at the manufacturing stage, including the formation of the input / output zone are formulated. The technology of optical non-destructive testing of composite materials with fiber-optic sensors is described, taking into account the features of the interaction of fiber-optic sensors with composite structures.


Alternate hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) energy storage systems (ESS) such as lithium-ion capacitors (LICs) and electrochemical double-layer capacitor (EDLC) modules have the potential for improved life, superior cold temperature performance, and lower long-term cost projections relative to traditional battery storage systems. If such lower-energy ESS (LEESS) devices can also be shown to maintain high HEV fuel savings, future HEVs designed with these devices could have an increased value proposition relative to conventional vehicles. NREL's vehicle test platform is helping validate the in-vehicle performance capability of alternative LEESS devices and identify unforeseen issues. NREL created the Ford Fusion Hybrid test platform for in-vehicle evaluation of such alternative LEESS devices, bench testing of the initial LIC pack, integration and testing of the LIC pack in the test vehicle, and bench testing and installation of an EDLC module pack. EDLC pack testing will continue in FY15. The in-vehicle LIC testing results suggest technical viability of LEESS devices to support HEV operation. Several LIC configurations tested demonstrated equivalent fuel economy and acceleration performance as the production nickel-metal-hydride ESS configuration across all tests conducted. The lowest energy LIC scenario demonstrated equivalent performance over several tests, although slightly higher fuel consumption on the US06 cycle andmore » slightly slower acceleration performance. More extensive vehicle-level calibration may be able to reduce or eliminate these performance differences. The overall results indicate that as long as critical attributes such as engine start under worst case conditions can be retained, considerable ESS downsizing may minimally impact HEV fuel savings.« less


Purpose To explore the reconstruction of laryngeal cavity after partial laryngectomy with cervical myoides fascia
flap. Methods 30 cases of glottic carcinoma were treated with uprigh partial laryngectomy, the laryngeal cavity defect was repaired with cervical myoides fascia flap, and the curative effect was studied in the operations. The cervical myoides and fasciae were detached from the subcutaneous tissue along superficial cervical fascia and the laryngeal cavity defect was repaired with cervical myoides fascia flap according to the defect scope. Follow - up was performed over 2 years. Results The feeding tubes were postoperatively pulled out after 5 - 7 days in 29 cases (29/30), and the removing rate of tracheostomy cannula was 90% (27/30) . The pharyngeal fistula took place in one case, and there were 2 cases with cicatricial strictness larynx. Conclusion The cervical myoides fascia flap should be a good selection for the reconstruction of defective tissue after partial laryngectomy.