Digital applications such as e-municipality and e-government are accepted as important tools that shape the service understanding of today's society. These tools provide important gains both to the public administration, which is the essential element of public service provision, and to the citizens who are the addressees of the service. Municipalities find the opportunity to respond to the expectations and demands of the people more quickly and appropriately, as well as their close relations with the public, with e-municipality applications. The developments in the field of communication and communication have helped this opportunity to arise. The contents of public services offered by municipalities online through their web addresses are getting richer day by day in this direction. Undoubtedly, the expectations of the citizens in this direction play an important role in this enrichment. With this study, it has been determined to what extent the e-municipality understanding can be realized through web sites, with the e-municipality practices at the provincial level, democratization in local governments, quality and efficiency in service delivery, fight against bureaucracy, economical use of resources, openness and transparency. It is aimed to reveal with a content analysis to be carried out over the web addresses of 81 provincial municipalities.
In this framework, first of all, the necessity of digital applications such as e-municipality and e-government and the emergence of them are conceptually discussed, then examples of e-municipality applications in Turkey are mentioned and the problems encountered in the implementation process are emphasized. In the application part, the cross-sectional, general survey model, which was carried out in quantitative methodology, is included. While the universe of the study was determined as the official web pages of all provincial municipalities in Turkey, the research was carried out on all 81 provinces without sampling. In the study, the data were collected with the help of the form prepared by the authors based on the literature review and analyzed in the SPSS program. The findings were compiled under the headings of general information on the web pages of municipalities, information on e-municipality, and information on the functionality of municipalities' e-municipality applications. As a result, it has been concluded that provincial municipalities have a tendency to show due diligence in e-municipality. It has been observed in the site analysis that this result is more concentrated in large and developed provinces and less reflected in the application in small and developing provinces.


There exists at the present time no adequate method of determining either the rate of respiration or that of photosynthesis of a plant under entirely normal conditions. It is necessary to confine a plant or a portion of a plant, such as a leaf, in a relatively small volume. The gaseous exchange of the plant can then be determined either by continuous displacement of the air surrounding the plant or by determination of the change of composition of the atmosphere when the plant is kept in a confined space. The principle applies not only to land plants in air, but also to aquatic plants surrounded by water. Although most of the evidence permits the conclusion that under such experimental conditions the photosynthetic and respiratory activities are the same as under normal conditions in nature, recent experience has shown that great care must be exercised in interpreting the results of the rates of gas exchange obtained under such experimental conditions. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the effect of changes in the CO2 concentration of the air on the apparent rate of respiration of excised leaves. In measuring the rate of respiration or photosynthesis under different conditions of carbon-dioxid content of the air about the leaf, the correct interpretation of results depends upon an exact knowledge of the manner in which the plant or leaf responds to a change in these external conditions. In determining the rate of photosynthesis on the basis of the CO2 fixed, it is necessary also to determine the rate of respiration. It has been very generally assumed that the latter, determined in the dark, remains the same during illumination. A correct estimation of the rate of photosynthesis depends, therefore, largely upon an exact determination of the respiratory value. Moreover, for practical experimental purposes it is often desirable that the photosynthesis determinations be made in an atmosphere enriched in CO2. The rate of respiration is very often determined by measuring the CO2 emitted in a definite period of time when a stream of air free [The journal for July (II: 4I7-492) was issued Aug. I4, I924.; 493


Few popular songs released over the past thirty years start so memorably: that bass riff, ominous, music for Jaws before there was Jaws, so insistent and unforgiving that in GoodFellas (1990), Scorsese has de Niro do nothing but smoke a 'square' and look – icily – off screen while the riff sounds its ten-note pattern. And you know what the combination of de Niro's look, those sounds and that smoke mean: somebody is going to get 'whacked'. Cream's 1968 hit, 'Sunshine of Your Love', has been part of the shared culture of the world in which it has sounded for thirty years. In both Europe and America, 'Sunshine of Your Love' (SYL) continues to receive airplay today. At high school and college sporting events across the US, pep bands continue to play it (Dan Farris, Assistant Director of Bands, Illinois State University, personal communication, 5 March 1997). A band played it, too, in a 5 April 1997 episode of the NBC television network series, Profiler.


We quantitatively characterize the optimal mix of progressive income taxes and education subsidies in a model with endogenous human capital formation, borrowing constraints, income risk and incomplete financial markets. In addition to the distortions of labor supply, progressive taxes weaken the incentives to acquire education. The latter distortion can potentially be mitigated by an education subsidy. We find that the welfare-maximizing fiscal policy is indeed characterized by a substantially progressive labor income tax code and a positive subsidy for college education. Both the degree of tax progressivity and the education subsidy are larger than in the current US status quo.


Assists students using Language and Deafness, Second Edition in courses. For each chapter in the main text, the study guide provides questions and exercises designed to enhance students' understanding of important topics. Answers to comprehension questions are provided in the Appendix of the main text.


Calculations are performed showing the effect of Zernike aberrations on laser beam quality in this paper.Then an intracavity adaptive optics system based on a MEMS deformable mirror to compensate the laser mode is described.From the test result,it is explicit that the output mode of high power lasers can be compensated by the adaptive system.


The analysis of forces acting on the sand particle in the wake region of pipeline gives the critical pressure difference.Then,a new method to prevent or reduce the scouring is proposed.A flexible spoiler is placed between the seabed and pipelines,and its effect on the pressure along the bed and the scour depth are experimentally investigated.Experimental results show that flexible spoiler can significantly reduce the pressure difference between upstream and downstream bed.For the flow test,the scour depth decreases with the increasing of spoiler length.When the length reaches a critical value,the bed scour disappears.For the wave condition,the swing of flexible spoiler disturbs the sediment beneath the pipe which increases the scour depth.By increasing the spoiler length,the effect of disturbing decreases but the effect of protection increases,leading to the reduction of scour depth.


This study aims at investigating the effect of the chamfer on the liquid sloshing in the three-dimensional (3D) rectangular tank. In order to simulate the 3D incompressible viscous two-phase flow in the 3D tank with partially filled liquid, the present study has adopted the volume of fluid (VOF) method based on the finitevolume method which has been well verified by comparing with the results of the relevant previous researches. The effects of the chamfering top corners of the tank on the liquid sloshing characteristics have been investigated. The angle of the chamfering top corners (θ) has been changed in the range of 0˚≤60˚ (Δθ=15˚) to observe the free surface behavior, and the effect on wall impact load. Generally, as the angle of the chamfering top corners increases, the impact pressure on the upper knuckle point decreases. However it seemed that a critical angle of the chamfering top corners exists to reveal the lowest impact pressure on the wall.


Abstract The present study is initiated to investigate the extent of job enrichment of library and information science professionals working in the selected eight major state university libraries in Kerala, India. A structured questionnaire is administered on the target group of 266 library and information science professionals.  Statistical techniques like frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation and ANOVA were applied to know the extent of job enrichment.  The study finds that there exists significantly high level of job enrichment among the library and information science professionals. The study also finds that the situation of job enrichment in all university libraries in Kerala is high and alike. The highest level of job enrichment is found in the libraries of Sree Sankaracharya University of Sanskrit followed by the libraries of Kannur University, University of Calicut and Mahatma Gandhi University. The lowest level of job enrichment of library and information science professionals is found in the libraries of Cochin university of Science and Technology. This paper reports on the views and perceptions of university library and information professionals in Kerala in respect of the extent of their job enrichment.  The study will help managing library and information centers effectively and efficiently and also motivation of the professionals working in different organisational climate.


This study described the necessity for teaching pragmatic in EFL classroom, research on pragmatics in EFL learning and teaching. The study was presented by a public curriculum lead that prioritizes the necessity for teaching students' pragmatic to increase their ability to use language successfully in social and academic communications. Additionally, Many English teachers fail to offer pragmatic ability in classroom that is because the lack of understanding of teaching pragmatic. There is increasing material of studies on value of teaching pragmatic on increasing EFL students' communication, as well as usage of request. However, the scholars have pointed to concentrate on how English learners require new approach such as teaching pragmatic to develop the students' production of request in the EFL schoolroom. The new approaches of teaching pragmatic to these Iraqi EFL learners have been discussed in details of the current study. Keywords: Teaching Pragmatic, Pragmatics in EFL Learning and Teaching, and EFL Students. DOI : 10.7176/JEP/10-4-10


Technological integration and convergence enables customers to experience conventional, online and mobile shopping. Companies tailor multiple retail channels in respond to their customers' needs. The so-called omni-channel retail strategy suggests an integrated shopping approach, combining the convenience of various digital channels with the customers' personal experience, typical for brick and mortar settings. Due to the co-existence of multiple sales channels complementing each other, retail companies may better engage with their customers. Moreover, the easy and seamless switching between various retail channels allows customers to experience the brand holistically, and thus be more satisfied with the shopping experience and the product per se, and be more brandloyal. This paper aims to investigate and analyse -- based on recent literature -- the advantages and challenges of omni-channel retailing on a broad, systematic basis from a business perspective. As a result, we identify those aspects of omni-channel retailing, where mobile technologies may contribute either to further improvements or to eliminate drawbacks.


In his study of the St. Basil of Caesarea corpus, Fedwick reports that there are two Latin adaptations of the so-called Λόγος πeρὶ ἀσκήσeως , listed by the acronyms *AskAdm2f and *AskAdm2s , respectively. One of them, *AskAdm2f , transmitted by the manuscript Bollandianus 27, remains unpublished. Unfortunately, this manuscript is not available. The discovery of another manuscript containing *AskAdm2f has enabled me to publish it. A comparison of the two adaptations shows that they are independent renditions of two original Greek versions, which were probably somewhat different.


Post‐haemorrhagic ventricular dilatation (PHVD) still represents an important cause of brain injury in premature infants. Intervention for PHVD is recommended once Ventricular Index (VI) crosses the 97th percentile + 4 mm line according to Levene.


A surface-catalysed SN2 reaction is demonstrated for the dehydrative coupling of alcohols to form ethers over heterogeneous acid catalysts, HZSM-5 and Nafion-H, with shape-selectivity playing a major role in the case of HZSM-5 catalyst.


As the semiconductor feature size decreases and the number of transistors on a single chip increases, digital circuits are frequently used in harsh and complex electromagnetic interference (EMI) environments. Typical protection problems are gradually prominent, such as malfunctions, performance degradation and destructions in component and/or system. This paper proposed a bio-inspired model to fulfil the requirements of digital circuits' protection performance. Firstly, extensive experiments have been carried out and are presented here to simulate the process of field program gate array (FPGA) chips damaged by human body model (HBM) electrostatic discharge (ESD), applying the contact discharge method. And then, this paper builds the functional fault model of the above process and verifies the similarity in the aftermath of damaging electrical and biological systems. Thus for electronic system design, we proposed the virtual cell model with redundancy structure, self-organising and self-healing operational methodology which is built upon artificial evolution. Finally, we implemented Markov model to analyse the steady-state stability of the virtual cell model in order to prove its durability when it comes to heavy and frequent ESD damage.


Objective:To establish a fluorogenic quantitative polymerase chain reaction(FQ - PCR) method for the routine quantification of C - myc gene in gastrointestinal tumor.Methods:The C - myc standard gene was obtained by in vitro amplification of cloned C - myc fragment in plasmid PGEM - T Easy Vector.FQ - PCR product was detected using a 7700 ABI PRISM sequence detector system and obtained C - myc standard curve to quantity C - myc of unknown sample.Results:FQ - PCR generated"S"kinetics curve of PCR amplification constructed by relating the fluorescence signal intensity(ΔRn) to the cycle number;The standard curve of C - myc was constructed by the linear relationship between the cycle threshold(ct) and the log of starting copy number.The high correlation(0.999) reveal the reliability of FQ - PCR.Conclusion:The FQ - PCR is a rapid,sensitive,reliable method for quantification of C - myc gene.


New variational principles are given for the two-dimensional interactions between gravity-driven water waves and a rotating and translating rectangular vessel dynamically coupled to its interior potential flow with uniform vorticity. The complete set of equations of motion for the exterior water waves, the exact nonlinear hydrodynamic equations of motion for the vessel in the roll/pitch, sway/surge and heave directions, and also the full set of equations of motion for the interior fluid of the vessel, relative to the body coordinate system attached to the rotating–translating vessel, are derived from two Lagrangian functionals.


A short introduction to women in the
medical field in the 19th century. While many women were nurses, a few had become
physicians. The Civil War necessitated the need for more nurses so many women
volunteered including the trained, the untrained, and those from relgious orders.
Links include: Mary C. Wheeler, 1899-1910; Dr. Melinda Knapheid Germann,
1863-1952; Dr. Justine Carter Ford, 1871-1952; Louisa Maertz, 1837-1918; Mary
Jane Safford, 1834-1891; Doctor Anna, Anna Pierce Hobbs Bigsby, 1808-1869; Dr.
Elizabeth Miner, 1867-1960; essays on St. Mary's Hospital, Quincy, Illinois; and
essays on medicine and the United States Civil War.


This study aimed to determine the effect of in-ovo injection of L-arginine on hatchability, chick quality, performances, and muscle histology of native chicken. In-ovo injection was carried out on the 10th day. A total of 375 fertile eggs with an average weight ranged  39-43 g were grouped into 5 treatments. The first treatment was without injection (negative control), the second treatment was injection of NaCl solution 0.9% (positive control), the third treatment was injection of L-arginine solution 0.5 g per 100 ml of NaCl 0.9% (0.5%, m/v) The fourth treatment was injection of 1.0 g L-arginine solution per 100 ml of NaCl 0.9% (1.0%, m/v), and the fifth treatment was injection of 1.5 g L-arginine solution per 100 ml of NaCl 0.9% (1.5%, m/v). The injection was carried out at the pointed area of the egg in a vertical position (pointed below, blunt above). The Injection was carried out with a depth of 10 mm from the eggshell using an automatic injector. The results showed that all treatments produced the same hatchability. In-ovo injection of L-arginine has a beneficial effect on chick quality and post-hatch performance, the concentration of L-arginine solution used did not cause embryo death. In-ovo injection of 0.5% L-arginine increased hatching weight, weekly body weight, muscle mass, and myofiber size.


There were delivered results of carried out techno economic study of main methods of polycarbonate residue recovery as well as experimental studies on thermal handling of residue with preparation of carbonaceous sorption materials. There was investigated influence of activating agent (carbon dioxide, potassium hydroxide) under carbonized activation, obtained by virtue of low-temperature pyrolysis of polycarbonate residue, on yield of a product and forming of carbonaceous sorption materials' porous structure. There were developed technical solutions on polycarbonates waste handling with preparation of carbonaceous sorption materials.


As the years progress, our world is becoming more technologically advanced, and humanity will soon be technologically focused. Henceforth, some fundamental measures should be made by individuals in order to develop the advanced next generation technologies. In this perspective, the proposed research work has developed an Android application with a unit comprising of ESP8266 Wi-Fi module, relay, logic level converter module, capacitive touch sensor module and also a Wi-Fi technology has been used to control the switches.


This paper presents a novel goal-driven approach for designing a knowledge-based system for information extraction and decision-making for target recognition. The underlying goal-driven model uses a goal frame tree schema for target organization, a hybrid rule-based pattern- directed formalism for target structural encoding, and a goal-driven inferential control strategy. The knowledge-base consists of three basic structures for the organization and control of target information: goals, target parameters, and an object-rulebase. Goal frames represent target recognition tasks as goals and subgoals in the knowledge base. Target parameters represent characteristic attributes of targets that are encoded as information atoms. Information atoms may have one or more assigned values and are used for information extraction. The object-rulebase consists of pattern/action assertional implications that describe the logical relationships existing between target parameter values. A goal realization process formulates symbolic patten expressions whose atomic values map to target parameters contained a priori in a hierarchical database of target state information. Symbolic pattern expression creation is accomplished via the application of a novel goal-driven inference strategy that logically prunes an AND/OR tree constructed object-rulebase. Similarity analysis is performed via pattern matching of query symbolic patterns and a priori instantiated target parameters.


The Er2O3-Yb2O3 codoped TeO2-Bi2O3-Na2O-Glasses along with addition of AgNO3 in basic compositions glasses have been prepared by traditional melt quench method. Investigation of the synthesized glasses is done by DSC, XRD, and UV-Vis. spectroscopy. The glass transition temperature is observed by differential scanning calorimetry. The amorphous nature of the synthesized glasses is confirmed by X-ray diffractogram taken at room temperature. The fluid displacement method on the basis of the Archimedes principle was used to calculated density of prepared samples. The UV-Visible absorption characterizations have been done in the range of 200–1100 nm of synthesized glasses having different percentage of doping of Er2O/Yb2O3/AgNO3. The study of optical properties of the glasses such as the absorption coefficient (α), cut-off wavelength, forbidden energy band gap (Eopt), refractive index and Urbach Energy (Eu) have been done. The effect of Er2O/Yb2O3/AgNO3 on optical properties is observed.


We report on a new technique for the fast fabrication of well defined arrays of Si islands by means of a stigmated Ga+ focused ion beam without masks, resists or etching. Stigmating and defocusing the ion beam resulted in the direct formation of Si islands of different shape and size. The ordering of the island arrays was determined by the pattern of the beam scanning, and in this way nanometre-sized Si island arrays with hexagonal symmetry were accordingly produced. The effects of beam spot distortion and broadening on the milled structure are also examined by scanning electron microscopy imaging. With this technique, not only is the fabrication time shorter, but also the arrangement of the island arrays is possibly controllable.


To investigate and compare the spatial and temporal expression of post‐synaptic density‐95 (PSD‐95) in Fmr1 knockout mice (the animal model of fragile X syndrome, FXS) and wild‐type mice brain, on postnatal day 7 (P7), P14, P21, P28 and P90, mice from each group were decapitated, and three principal brain regions (cerebral cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum) were obtained and stored for later experiments. PSD‐95 mRNA in the three brain areas was analyzed with quantitative RT‐PCR. PSD‐95 protein was measured by immunohistochemical staining and Western blot. In the three principal brain areas of Fmr1 knockout mice and wild‐type mice, the expression of PSD‐95 mRNA and protein were detected at the lowest levels on P7, and then significantly increased on P14, reaching the peak levels in adolescents or adults. Moreover, it was found that PSD‐95 mRNA and protein in the hippocampus were significantly decreased in Fmr1 knockout mice during the developmental period (P7, P14, P21 and P28) as well as at adulthood (P90) (P < 0.05, and P < 0.01, respectively). However, there was no significant difference of expression of PSD‐95 in the cortex and cerebellum between Fmr1 knockout and wild mice. The expression of PSD‐95 in the hippocampus might be regulated by fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) during mice early developmental and adult periods. It is suggested that impairment of PSD‐95 is possibly involved in hippocampal‐dependent learning defects, which are common in people with FXS.


A multipart hydrosilylation-curable silicone elastomer composition, (i) at least two organopolysiloxanes having a viscosity of at least 1,000 mPa · s at and 25 ° C. containing an unsaturated group, a (ii) a hydrophilic surface inorganic filler, (iii) at least two hydroxy groups, or hydrolysable groups other than, or filler treating agent comprising an organopolysiloxane having an average polymerization degree of include and 2-50 mixing of these groups with, ( iv) has a viscosity of up to about 10 Pa · s at 25 ° C., organohydrogensiloxane average per molecule with more than two silicon-bonded hydrogen atoms, (v) a hydrosilylation catalyst, and / or, in the (ii) and wherein the treated filler obtained by reaction of (iii), the filler handling (Iii) and / or treated filler, wherein the at being packaged separately from the organohydrogensiloxane (iv) prior to curing, multipart hydrosilylation-curable silicone elastomer composition.


For an $n_t$ transmit, $n_r$ receive antenna system ($n_t \times n_r$ system), a {\it{full-rate}} space time block code (STBC) transmits $n_{min} = min(n_t,n_r)$ complex symbols per channel use and in general, has an ML-decoding complexity of the order of $M^{n_tn_{min}}$ (considering square designs), where $M$ is the constellation size. In this paper, a scheme to obtain a full-rate STBC for $2^a$ transmit antennas and any $n_r$, with reduced ML-decoding complexity of the order of $M^{n_t(n_{min}-\frac{3}{4})-0.5}$, is presented. The well known Silver code for 2 transmit antennas is a special case of the proposed scheme. Further, it is shown that the codes constructed using the scheme have higher ergodic capacity than the well known punctured Perfect codes for $n_r < n_t$. Simulation results of the symbol error rates are shown for $8 \times 2$ systems, where the comparison of the proposed code is with the punctured Perfect code for 8 transmit antennas. The proposed code matches the punctured Perfect code in error performance, while having reduced ML-decoding complexity and higher ergodic capacity.


High power klystrons operating in the 300-600 MHz frequency range, used in science for particle accelerators, have the drawback of being bulky and requiring very high voltages. Since klystron dimensions grow far less rapidly than the power they can deliver, one could propose to employ tubes of 4 to 5 MW each when total power requirements are of several tens of MW. But a more compact and flexible solution is offered in the form of the multi-beam klystron (MBK), an N-beam tube that still uses 4 or 5 cavities. Such an MBK would grant a reduction in both weight and high voltages used.


Swedish numerals are here treated from different points of view. The book is however not intended to be a textbook of Swedish numerals, though one may learn a great deal about the system herein - more than the general user of the language knows. Phonology, morphology, syntax and semantics all get their fair share of attention. I am investigating the numeral system as a synchronic whole (and similarly for parts of it), but the historical relations are also studied as long as they contribute to the understanding of the growth of numerals. The old Swedish measurement expressions are included in the description, as are constructions with round numbers. Swedish numerals are dealt with - but not invariably so. There are many references to other numeral systems, in one way or another contrasting with the Swedish one. These include, naturally, older layers and dialectal variants of the language. Danish, Icelandic, English, French, German and other Indo-European languages are studied, as well as more exotic languages such as Tibetan, Ainu and Malay. The references to other languages are always intended to prove a point or to be illuminative, so that they are no loose garments surrounding an alien body of text. The typological literature in the area is also commented, especially Greenberg's work on numeral systems. Although this is a book about numerals, it also concerns several new distinctions and typologies of general theoretical importance. One typology has to do with the semantic and morphological connection between two words and is intended as a replacement of the distinction between derivation and inflection. Another typology discerns between various kinds of affinities as regards two classes of word-forms. They may be (phonetically) identical, parallel or asymmetrical. A third typology differentiates various types of designation transitions - these are the possible relations between a word and the words that have emanated from it historically. The numerals are looked upon as a subset of the language that is worthy of consideration above all because of its unusual features in certain respects. Like all parts of language it derives largely, in meanings and meaning relations with other parts of the system, from the underlying non-linguistic background - in this case mainly mathematics in a very broad sense. Although Swedish numerals is the nominal subject of the present book, the non-reductionist view - using many different tools to let the data speak - should mean a renewal of the field of numeral study as a whole. (Less)


In this contribution we present the stellar projects that are planned to be carried out at the INAFOsservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte using the VLT Survey Telescope (VST) guaranteed observing time (GTO).


Human activities are changing the environments that animal communities utilize, altering competition and co-existence dynamics as well as changing species distributions. A global consequence of human activity is increased woody cover, which changes environmental conditions on landscape, local, and fine spatial scales. These multi-scale processes are likely to change species interactions and distributions in unexpected ways. To elucidate these effects, we investigated the co-occurrence of two interacting species in a rapidly changing ecosystem. Eastern fox (Sciurus niger) and gray (Sciurus carolinensis) squirrels occur sympatrically throughout the southeastern United States. We used single-season, two-species occupancy modeling to understand what factors influence competition between the squirrels at three spatial scales. We found evidence that fox and gray squirrels compete at fine scales but not at local and landscape scales. The best model to explain fox and gray squirrel co-occurrence at fine scales was an additive fine-scale understory and tree canopy closure model. Increased fine-scale canopy closure correlated with increased fox and gray squirrel occupancy, while increased fine-scale understory cover correlated with decreased gray and fox squirrel occupancy. Fox squirrel occupancy probability declined in the presence of gray squirrels. The intensity of interaction was modified by fine-scale canopy cover and understory density. These findings support the hypothesis that species interactions can be an important factor in structuring biotic communities; however, the strength of the effect changes across spatial scales. Our results support the importance of considering species interactions at multiple scales when predicting and addressing changes in community composition in human modified and managed systems.


We have applied the extended Drude model (EDM) to noble metals of Cu, Ag, and Au. Drude parameters are obtained self‐consistently without using the sum rule or any approximation. The core polarization contribution ε∞ is shown to be large due to shallow d‐orbitals. The frequency dependent mass enhancement factor λ (ω) and the scattering rate 1/τ (ω) are obtained. The Drude region can be identified when 1/τ (ω) deviates from the Fermi liquid behavior due to interband transitions. The onset frequency for the interband transition is found to be lower than the frequency value at the minimum of the imaginary part of the dielectric constant. The validity of the approximation of ωτ ≫ 1, which is commonly employed in analyzing optical data, has been checked based on the EDM for noble metals. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


Purpose- In year 2016 there was the UK?셲 national vote about Brexit. The Brexit would influence the EU economy and UK economy as well as Korea?셲 trade...


A discrete‐element method is developed for applications involving interaction of spherical particles with a body of arbitrary shape in an electrostatic field. The electric field is induced both by charged particles and by other 'macroscopic' bodies (e.g. electrodes). The electric field due to macroscopic bodies is computed using a boundary‐element method that accounts for the particle influence. An algorithm using approximate particle images is introduced to improve electric field resolution for particles lying close to the body surface. The long‐range electric field induced by particles is computed using an optimized, adaptive multipole expansion method. The method is applied to the formation of chain‐like particle aggregates, with long‐range particle attraction governed by the electric field and particle adhesion by van der Waals forces. The method is illustrated by simulation of the capture of uncharged particles on a cylindrical electrode. A local panel subdivision method is developed to mitigate particle drift toward panel edges induced by panel discretization errors. The particle deposition pattern at different cylinder surface charge levels is studied, which shows that long straight particle chains are formed under strong electric fields. The predicted particle capture efficiency agrees well with the experimental data. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The main goal of this research was to evaluate if the existing power supply, which is three-phase, four-wire, and 400 volts, was safe and cost-effective. The study also intends to perform an Electrical System Analysis of the existing 400V, 3-phase, 4-wire power supply, including short circuit calculations, protective device coordination and protection, and arc-flash analysis. This research is based on the Philippine Standard of Electrical Design as it is applied and used by electrical professionals in the Philippines. Electrical System Analysis calculations are based on the National Electrical Code, IEEE Standards, and the most recent edition of the Philippine Electrical Code (PEC 2017). According to the findings, the URSM Science and Technology Building's current power supply is adequate and ready for future expansion. It was also cost-effective, as they discovered that the URSM's old ISR Building needed to be upgraded. The Short Circuit Analysis reveals that the installed protective devices' KAIC ratings are underrated and should be upgraded. The protective device coordination and protection reveals that the protective equipment must have a 0.2 to 1 second time setting. The required PPE for the building's electrical maintenance staff is shown in the arc flash analysis. This study's overall implications provide necessary inputs and corrective measures for the safety of URSM faculty, students, and other stakeholders.


Compositions of 6-halo, 2 ', 3'-dideoxy nucleoside-purine and 2-amino, 6-halo, 2', 3'-dideoxy-nucleoside purines, useful in the treatment of viral infections. These compounds are particularly useful in preventing viral replication and cytotoxic facts of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B among individuals infected with these viruses.


The genus Metacrangon is review and on the basis of samples collected by the RV "Polarstern" in southern Chile, a new species Metacrangon bahamondei n. sp. is proposed.


With a sample of 216 firms in Jiangsu manufacturing industry,and conducting questionnaire investigation,this study probed into key competitive tactics that had significantly positive impact on firm's performance for Porter's general competitive strategies,and investigated evolution of key competitive tactics following firm's lifecycle.The results are that: each general competitive strategy has one or several key competitive tactics,enterprises should attach importance to key competitive tactics in different sector of the value chain,so as to build competitive advantages.If a company takes financial achievements as the final goal,it should pay attention to the efficiency improvements,process innovation and cost control in manufacturing sector.On the contrary,the firm devoting to successful market results may emphasize particularly on production innovation and quality updates in RD sector.Generally speaking,customer service and advertising in marketing sector are fundamental for achieving these two goals.Key competitive tactics evolve following firm's lifecycle,most of their intension have significant difference and enhance gradually.


Diatomite deposits distributed over the Cathaysian diwa regions in eastern China and theMid-Asian diwa regions in Southwestern China occur in the sub-structural layer withresidual-mobility period of diwa. They can be subdivided into two types: the vocanosedimentation and the terrigenous deposit, according to the source of dissociative silicon andmetallogenic characteristics. Residual-mobility period of diwa is .the most favourable periodof mineralization.


Certain arrhythmias caused by abnormal impulse formation including catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) are associated with diastolic Ca2+ release (DCR) from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Surprisingly, CPVT patients often respond to treatment with Na+ channel blockers. However, the relationship between Na+ influx and disturbances in Ca2+ handling immediately preceding arrhythmias in CPVT remains elusive.


In the presence of dropout, intent(ion)‐to‐treat analysis is usually carried out using methods that assume a missing‐at‐random (MAR) dropout mechanism. We investigate the potential bias caused by assuming MAR when the dropout is related to unobserved compliance status. A framework to assess the magnitude of bias in the context of pre‐ and post‐test design (PPD) with two treatment arms is presented. Scenarios with all‐or‐none and partial compliance level are investigated. Using two simulated data sets and actual data from an e‐mental health trial, we demonstrate the utility of sensitivity analyses to assess the bias magnitude and show that they are plausible options when some knowledge of compliance behaviour in the dropout exists. We recommend that our approach be used in conjunction with methods of analysis which assume MAR in estimating the ITT effect. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The invention, for example, to ensure the electrical insulation between the steel sheets used in the transformer, the amorphous carbon which is attached after the final annealing relates to an oriented electrical steel sheet having an electrically insulating coating layer consisting of a hydrogen network. The present invention is an amorphous carbon - the step of that, coating the method the electrically insulating coating layer on the strip type substrate in a continuous strip method relates to a method for producing a one-way electrical steel sheet having an electrically insulating coating layer consisting of a hydrogen network It includes.


The surface morphology evolution and phase structures of Cu-W thin films with annealing temperatures were investigated. The results indicate the overall agglomeration process of Cu-W thin films takes place in two distinct stages: nucleation at pores and growth of islands. Fractal dimension can describe the rough surface morphology in a quantitative way. A new and straight method integrating discrete wavelet transform and fractal geometry is presented for analyzing the anisotropy of surface structure of Cu-W thin films. Furthermore the relationship between multi-scale property of surface morphology of Cu-W thin films and phase structure transition is constructed by using it. It can be concluded that the trend of surface structure anisotropy with annealing temperatures is sensitive to the variation of phase structures.


The play the caused of this study arose from the low of students' cognitive competence. In addition, the affective and psychomotor competences were never been assessed. This can be seen from the number of student exam scores who Achieved under the Minimum Standard Criteria. The purpose of this study was to Determine Whether student learning using discovery learning competence is better than conventional models of learning. This study used quasi-experimental with randomized control-group posttest only design. This study was conducted from January to April 2015. The Cognitive Data were Obtained by using the test, while affective and psychomotor Data were Obtained by using observation sheet. The statistical tests for the first hypothesis is T-test whereas for the second and third hypotheses use Mann Whitney U tests. The results Showed discovery learning models that can improve student learning outcomes. For the first hypothesis, it was Obtainedthat t observed is 3,206. While for the second and third hypothesis, they were Obtained aspectis 0000 that the affective and the psychomotor aspectis 0001 for sig. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that teaching students with learning discovery Significantly, the model is better than the conventional learning models at MTsN Rambah in 2014/2015 academic year.


Objective: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common malignant primary brain tumor in adults. The most common problem in the follow-up after GBM treatment is the lack of local control. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Temozolomide (TMZ) in cases who received post-surgical radiotherapy and TMZ treatment in GBM compared to cases who received only radiotherapy treatment after surgery.
Materials and Methods: The cases diagnosed with GBM were divided into two groups. The first group was divided into cases that received only radiotherapy after surgery, and the second group (combined treatment group) was divided into cases that received post-surgical radiotherapy and TMZ treatment. 28 cases who received radiotherapy and TMZ treatment after surgery and 26 cases who received only radiotherapy after surgery were included in the study. Local fractionated radiotherapy (60 Gy total dose: 2 Gyx5 days/week for 6 weeks) was applied to all cases. Only in the second group, 75 mg/m2/day 7 days/week orally, 200 mg/m2/day 5 days as monotherapy for 6 weeks, and six cycles of TMZ every 28 days were administered concomitantly. In addition to the effect of TMZ on prognosis and survival, the effects of age, gender, and resection size on progression-free survival (PSS) and overall survival (GSS) were evaluated in both groups.
 Results: There was no statistically significant benefit in terms of both PFS and OS in both groups for age and gender, a statistically significant benefit was found for resection size (total-subtotal). At the end of the study, PFS was 14 months in the combined treatment group and 6 months in the radiotherapy alone group (P<0.0001). OS was 16 months in the combined treatment group and 12.5 months in the radiotherapy alone group (P=0.0354).
Conclusion: Combined (RT + TMZ) treatment after total surgical treatment was found to be more effective on prognosis and survival than radiotherapy alone.


Based on the introduction of biological non-smooth surface and the characteristics of drag reduction and wear resistance, a series of macroscopic and microcosmic observation and analysis on the surface structure of pincers of crawfish (Procambarus clarkii) were finished with the OLYMPUS stereo microscope and LSCM (Laser Scanning Confocal Microscope). The results indicate that the surface of pincers of crawfish is mainly constituted by small pits, small semicircle bumps and small stripe-type groove, and there are clusters of bristles which have a lot of spinules in their surface within the pit and around the small bump. It shows the surface of pincers of crawfish is non-smooth and has typical non-smooth surface characteristics. In addition,by analyzing the variation rules of small haplonts(pits and bumps) in the non-smooth surface of pincers of crawfish, authors get the conclusion that the keystone and direction of the non-smooth surface study should be focused on the quantitative analysis to the changes( size, form, and the distribution) of the small haplonts influence on the characteristics of the drag reduction and wear resistance, and its engineering application. Key words: Non-Smooth Surface; Pincers of Crawfish; Drag Reduction; Wear Resistance


Many industrial practices and waste treatment operations produce gas streams containing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that require treatment. Although biological treatment has been applied successfully to treat many waste gases, the literature contains numerous reports of diminished treatment performance under conditions of excessive drying or low pH in biofilter beds. Use of fungi in biofilter treatment systems may mitigate these effects. Recent research indicates that some fungal species are able to tolerate low pH conditions and low moisture environments. Although many fungal species have been tested for their ability to degrade nonvolatile compounds, relatively few accounts of fungal degradation of VOCs have appeared in the literature to date. In the studies described herein, five fungal species, Exophiala lecanii-corni, Mucor rouxii (ATCC 44260), Phanerochaete chrysosporium (ATCC 24725), Cladosporium sphaerospermum (ATCC 200384), and Cladosporium resinae (ATCC 34066) were screened for their ability to degrade compounds commonly found in paint spray booth off-gases. Fungal cultures inoculated on to ceramic support media were provided VOCs as their sole carbon and energy sources. Compounds tested included aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene, p-xylene), ketones (methyl ethyl ketone), and an organic acid (n-butyl acetate). Experiments were conducted using a variety of pH values ranging from 3.5 to 6.5. Fungal ability to degrade each VOC was determined by observing presence or absence of visible growth on the ceramic support media during a 30-day test period. Results indicate that Exophiala lecanii-corni and Cladosporium sphaerospermum can readily utilize n-butyl acetate, methyl ethyl ketone, benzene, and p-xylene as their sole carbon and energy source. Phanerochaete chrysosporium was able to degrade n-butyl acetate, methyl ethyl ketone, and benzene but not p-xylene under the conditions tested. Cladosporium resinae was able to degrade n-butyl acetate and methyl ethyl ketone but not benzene or p-xylene under the conditions tested. Mucor rouxii was able to use n-butyl acetate as a sole carbon and energy source; however, it was unable to utilize any of the other VOCs tested under the conditions imposed. Maximum growth for most of the tested fungi was observed at a pH value of approximately 5.0. Results of these screening studies reveal that not only are several fungal species capable of degrading the compounds tested, they also suggest that the experimental methods described herein may be of use in conducting further screening studies for candidate microorganisms.


Several isolates of Stagonospora sacchari causing the leaf scorch disease of sugarcane were found to produce at least two phytotoxins (toxin I and II) in cultures as well as in spore-germinating fluids. Toxin I and II were isolated and chemically determined to be 6-methylsalicylic acid and (+)-epoxydon, respectively. Their threshold concentrations inducing leaf necrosis on susceptible cultivars of sugarcane were 30ƒÊg/ml for toxin I and 25 ƒÊ g/ml for toxin II, whereas resistant sugarcanes and many nonhost plants, except maize and sorghum, were more tolerant to the toxins. The toxins caused a rapid increase in loss of electrolytes from leaf tissues. Potassium was the prominent cation species in the leaked electrolytes. There were significant correlations between susceptibility to the leaf scorch and toxin sensitivity with toxin I and II among sugarcane cultivars examined. (Received January 24, 1987)


Intercalation is a unique freedom to tune the physical and chemical properties of two-dimensional (2D) materials, providing an ideal system to study various electronic states (such as superconductivity, ferromagnetism and charge density waves). Here, we demonstrate the inversion symmetry breaking in lithium (Li) intercalated ultrathin graphite (about 20 - 100 graphene layers) by optical second-harmonic generation (SHG). This inversion symmetry breaking is attributed to the nanoscale inhomogeneities (i.e., lattice distortion and dislocations) in lithiated graphite. In addition, the efficiency of the SHG signal in ultrathin graphite flake is widely tunable by the electrochemical lithiation process and the efficiency of fully lithiated graphite (LiC6) is comparable with that of other non-centrosymmetric 2D crystals. Our results reveal a novel intercalation-induced inversion symmetry breaking effect and open up possibilities for building 2D intercalated-compounds-based nonlinear optical devices.


A method for truth-enabling communications over a computer network using computer voice stress analysis. A sender creates a text message at a first computer of the computer network. The sender also enters into the first computer speech input indicating the veracity of the text message. For example, the speech input may indicate the veracity of the text message through an explicit assertion that the sender believes the text message to be truthful. By applying computer voice stress analysis to the speech input, a computer voice stress analysis program determines the veracity of the text message. The text message and an indication of the veracity of the text message may both be sent over the computer network to a recipient.


This research investigated how is effort of Tamila Soroush influence her personality in Laura Fitzgerald"s Veil of Roses novel, especially viewed from individual psychological approach. The objectives of the research are to analyze the novel based on the structural elements of the novel and to analyze the personality structure of major character based on the individual psychological approach.
The research paper belongs to the qualitative research. The object of the study is the effort of Tamila Soroush in Veil of Roses. The data source comes from primary data source that is the Veil of Roses novel and the secondary data sources are other sources related to the movie. The method of data analysis used in this study is descriptive analysis.
From the result of analysis, it can be drawn some conclusions. Firstly, the structural elements of the novel present a good unity because it has related one to
another. Laura Fitzgerald extends the theme of this novel is about the struggling of woman to reach her dreams. Secondly, based on individual psychological approach analysis this novel reflects Tamila effort to stay in America.


The development,erosion mechanism,usage and problems of the weather resistance steel are reviewed and the surface stabilization treatment processes of the steel at home and abroad as well as the formation mechanism of the rust layer structure of the steel are also introduced.


The problem of subject cross manufacture science in the21st century is discussed.The methods that our manufacture industry win,survive and develop in the progress of economic globalization is presented.


With the use of a full factorial experimental design based on a BoxHunter rotatable central composite plan for second order response surfaces, it was possible to obtain a statistical mathematical model of the impact of the diametrical tension, the test pressure, and the radial clearance between the thrust bush and the casing as well as the shear modulus of the material on the amount of contact pressure, which is represented by a polynomial of the second order. The research was carried out on the laboratory model of the PJSC "Ukrnafta" (Poltava, Ukraine). The analysis of this model shows that an essential impact on the sealing ability of the selfsealing ring (the value of contact pressure) is made by the following series of factors: the test pressure, the diametrical tension, the radial clearance, and the shear modulus of the compaction material. Moreover, the test pressure factor is characterised by nonlinearity, which manifests itself in intersections of the hypersurface response. The study has experimentally determined the patterns of distributing contact pressure along the length of the conjugate surface between the ring and the casing, characterized by a decreasing contact pressure from the edge of the working bite to the supporting section of the ring. The research has demonstrated that it is possible to manage directly the sealing ability of borehole packers, particularly by changing the geometric parameters of the packer compaction.


Objective: To investigate the risk factors of developing intravesical recurrence (IVR) in patients with upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) who underwent ureterorenoscopy (URS) before radical nephroureterectomy with bladder cuff excision (RNU).
Materials and Methods: This retrospective study collected data from the medical records of patients diagnosed with UTUC between January 2012 and December 2019. All the patients underwent ureteroscopy before radical surgery. Patients previously diagnosed with bladder cancer were excluded. A total of 63 patients were included in the study. Tumour factors, such as multiplicity, location, size, histologic grade, pathologic T-stage, and lymphovascular invasion status, were evaluated. The type of endoscopic procedure and time interval between URS and RNU were analysed to determine the factors affecting IVR.
Results: The associated factors with IVR included multifocal tumours (HR = 4.8(1.9–11.9)), large size tumours greater than or equal to 4 cm (HR = 3.3(1.5–7.0)), and time interval greater than or equal to 5 weeks between URS and RNU (HR = 2.6(1.2–5.5)). Factors including tumour location (kidney or ureter), size, grading, T-stage, and lymphovascular invasion as well as the type of endoscopic procedure were not at high risk for IVR.
Conclusion: The predictive factors of IVR for UTUC patients who underwent URS before RNU included a multiplicity of primary tumours and a tumour size greater than or equal to 4 cm, while a time interval between URS and RNU greater than or equal to 5 weeks increased the risk of IVR.


Mixed musem visits are expected to remain and even to increase in the world after the pandemic. Not only to stop the spreading of a disease but also to support visits of people previously excluded, like people in remote geographical areas or people with moving difficulties, different forms of combining online and onsite visits are already explored by researchers. The present work considers the Contextual Model of Museum Learning in order to describe possible scenarios of use for mixed cultural visits.


Provided are an optical pulse meter and a two-way communication device provided with the optical pulse meter, such that two-way bone conduction communication can be carried out when a helmet, head set, or eyeglass frame including a bone conduction speaker, a bone conduction microphone, and the optical pulse meter is mounted on the head of a user and such that pulse data of the user at rest and during walking or when traveling on a bicycle can be constantly and stably detected. The two-way bone conduction communication device provided with the optical pulse meter comprises: a helmet 20 that includes a bone conduction speaker 2, a bone conduction microphone 1, the optical pulse meter 3, and a three-axis acceleration sensor 4; a processing circuit that computes data; and two-way transmission and reception means for connecting the processing circuit to the internet. The optical pulse meter 3 is placed in tight contact to a temple portion of the user and detects the pulse of the user, and the two-way communication device is connected to the internet in real time by the two-way transmission and reception means.


This study investigated the in vitro drug–drug interaction potential of SIPI5357, an arylalkanol‐piperazine derivative used in the treatment of depression. Drug–drug interaction occurs via inhibition or induction of enzymes involved in their metabolism. In human liver microsomes, SIPI5357 showed the strongest inhibition of CYP2D6, followed by CYP3A4 (testosterone) and CYP2C8. Inhibition was observed in a concentration‐dependent manner, with IC50 values of 18.45 µM, 36.63 µM (CYP3A4/testosterone), 89.23 µM, respectively. SIPI5357 was predicted not to cause significant metabolic drug–drug interaction via inhibition of CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2E1 or CYP3A4 (midazolam) because the IC50 values for these enzymes were both >100 µM (200 times maximum plasma concentration [Cmax]). SIPI5357 showed a mixed model inhibition of CYP2D6 (Ki = 11.12 µM). The value of [I]/Ki for CYP2D6 inhibition by SIPI5357 is below the FDA cut‐off value of 0.1; it is therefore reasonable to assume that SIPI5357 will not cause significant CYP2D6 inhibition. However, positive controls (50 µM omeprazole and 25 µM rifampin) caused the anticipated CYP induction, but the highest concentration of SIPI5357 (5 µM; 10 times plasma Cmax) had a minimal effect on CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 mRNA levels in freshly isolated human hepatocytes, suggesting that SIPI5357 is not an inducer of these enzymes. However, significant induction of CYP2B6 was observed at 0.5 µM and 5 µM. In conclusion, SIPI5357 might cause drug–drug interaction via induction of CYP2B6. The in vivo drug–drug interaction potential deserves further investigation. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


In this paper we are presenting a study of Malaria Transmission Dynamics by Mathematical Modelling. The model is an autonomous system, constructed by considering two models: a model of vector population and a model of virus transmission. Therefore, given that partially immune individuals remain slightly infectious to mosquitoes, a similar work has been done in this paper for malaria global transmission dynamics following the SIRS-SI pattern. The original reproduction ratio has been calculated using the next generation matrix method. These incidence rates produce antibodies in response to the presence of malaria caused by parasites in both human and mosquito populations. The existence of an area where model epidemiology is possible is established. Stability analysis of the disease-free equilibrium is performed through a threshold parameter (reproduction number R0) obtained using the next generation matrix technique.


| This paper is part of a larger study, and is an investigation on the viability of considering the Algarvian city of Olhão a literary tourism destination. Due to the privileged geographic location of this city, its tangible and intangible heritage and the reputation of the Portuguese writer Raul Brandão, we were able to establish a series of connections between Olhão and Os Pescadores (The Fishermen) showing the pertinence and feasibility of the proposal.


Multiple surface-plasmon-polariton (SPP) waves are guided by the interface of a metal and a chiral sculptured thin film (STF) at a single wavelength. Spatially multiplexed 4-quadrant chips comprising a lanthanum-fluoride chiral STF embedded with a silver-nanoparticle layer were deposited atop an aluminum-coated glass substrate, each quadrant functioning as an autonomous sensor. The void regions of the chiral STF in each quadrant were in filtrated with sucrose solutions of increasing molarity and deployed in a prism-coupled surface-multi-plasmonics-resonance- imaging (SMPRI) machine. The angular locations of the SPP-wave modes shift as the molarity of the fluid increases, thus demonstrating simultaneous sensing of fluids via SMPRI.


Theoretical and experimental study of photoconductive optically controlled microwave oscillator on GaAs substrate is described. This oscillator gives a 5 GHz output signal if a suitable light power is applied (ON state) and without illumination oscillations disappear (OFF state). The light is applied on the 50mum microstrip photoswitching device which presents different impedances with several light intensities


Solid materials are efficiently calcined in a single column kiln by effecting said calcination through a plurality of vertically arranged zones, by means of a method comprising the steps of feeding said solid materials to a preheating zone wherein the materials are preheated countercurrently with combustion gases, allowing said preheated materials to fall to an air preheating zone to which primary air is fed in parallel flow with said falling preheated materials, allowing said materials to fall to a calcining zone to which fuel is admitted in parallel flow with said preheated air, allowing the thus calcined materials to fall to a cooling zone to which secondary cold air is fed countercurrently with said falling materials, exhausting the combustion gases produced in the calcining zone together with said secondary air which was preheated by the calcined materials, at a point between said calcining and cooling zones, and feeding said combustion gases and secondary air as a mixture to the preheating zone. The kiln comprises a vertical elongated receptacle divided by partition means into an upper or preheating chamber and a lower chamber which includes said primary air preheating zone, said calcining zone and said cooling zone, material feed means at the top of said upper chamber, material transfer means between said upper and said lower chambers, and material discharge means at the bottom of said lower chamber.


Abstract1H-1-Alkyl-6-methyl-3-phenyl-7-phenylazopyrazolo[5,1-c][1,2,4]triazoles (2aa-ad) were obtained by regioselective alkylation of 1H-6-methyl-3-phenyl-7-phenylazopyrazolo[5,1-c][1,2,4]triazoles (2a). 1H-1-Alkyl-6-methyl-3-phenyl-7-phenylazopyrazolo[5,1-c][1,2,4]triazoles 2aa and 2ab were also prepared by coupling phenyldiazonium chloride with 1H-1-alkyl-6-methyl-3-phenyl-pyrazolo[5,1-c][1,2,4]triazoles 1aa and 1ab. The new compounds were characterized by IR, UV-VIS, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and 15N-NMR spectroscopy and their structures and actual tautomeric forms were established unequivocally.


Rapid climate change, in conjunction with other anthropogenic drivers, has the potential to cause mass species extinction. To minimize this risk, conservation reserves need to be coordinated at multiple spatial scales because the climate envelopes of many species may shift rapidly across large geographic areas. In addition, novel species assemblages and ecological reorganization make future conditions uncertain. We used a GIS analysis to assess the vulnerability of 501 reserve units in the National Wildlife Refuge System as a basis for a nationally coordinated response to climate change adaptation. We used measures of climate change exposure (historic rate of temperature change), sensitivity (biome edge and critical habitat for threatened and endangered species), and adaptive capacity (elevation range, latitude range, watershed road density, and watershed protection) to evaluate refuge vulnerability. The vulnerability of individual refuges varied spatially within and among biomes. We suggest that the spat...


We report here results of experimental studies into the acoustic response of a DFB fibre laser. For the first time to our knowledge, we demonstrate sensitivity to flexural waves generated by an incident acoustic wave, and that bending of the fibre is the dominant response mechanism.


Previous work has shown that trihydroxy bile salt cosurfactants significantly modify the interfacial properties and aggregate size of Aerosol-OT (AOT) reversed micelles and can also increase the activity of enzymes such as chymotrypsin and lipase that are solubilized in the AOT reversed micelles. In the present work, small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) was used to study the effects of one such bile salt, sodium taurocholate (NaTC), on the size and polydispersity of AOT reversed micelles. At low concentrations, NaTC decreases the overall size of the reversed micelles, the size of the interior water pools, and the apparent thickness of the detergent layer, while causing an increase in polydispersity. At higher NaTC concentrations, the overall aggregate size, the size of the water pools, the thickness of the detergent layer, and the polydispersity all are increased. It is proposed that, at low concentrations, NaTC monomers are randomly dispersed among the AOT molecules in a perpendicular orientation, there...


[Industrial Pollution Abatement through preventive strategies, Development and Promotion of Cleaner Technologies, Taj Protection Mission, Environmental Health, Noise Pollution, Air Pollution, Vehicular Pollution Control, Industrial Pollution Control, Common Effluent Treatment Plants, Zoning Atlas, Establishment of Environment Protection Authority, Central Pollution Control Board, Hazardous Substances Management]


On Solving the problems which remain in the teaching of the plant pathology,here are some suggestions on how to improve the teaching of the experimental course in professional elementany course in professional elementany knowledge, such as the teaching methods,the teaching types and so on.In this content,I strenghten the key teaching linking courses in order to enhance the students' comprehensive ability and improve the teaching quality.


A novel wet chemical approach to prepare rare-earth (Re=Eu3+) doped Lu2O3 phosphor powder,as well as the fabrication of transparent lutetia-based ceramics were investigated. Co-precipitation processing was adopted to prepare nanosized Eu3+ doped lutetia powders with a spherical morphology and good sinterability using ammonium hydroxide (NH3·H2O) and ammonium hydrogen car-bonate (NH4HCO3) as the mixed precipitant. The thermal decomposition and phase evolution processes of precipitate precursor were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis-mass spectrometry,X-ray diffraction,and transmission electron microscope analysis. After calcination under the proper conditions,the resultant Lu2O3 phos-phor powders exhibited a well-dispersed and near-spherical morphology with primary grain sizes of about 30-40 nm and a specific surface area of about 18 m2/g. Highly transparent polycrystalline Eu3+ doped Lu2O3 ceramics were fabricated by pressureless sintering under flowing H2 atmosphere,the relative density of specimens could theoretically reach up to 99.8%,with grain sizes of about 50-60 μm after being sintered at 1 850 ℃ for 6 h. Optical linear transmittance in the visible wavelength region for 5% Eu:Lu2O3 ceramics (1 mm in thickness) could reach as high as above 80% and produced a very strong emission peak at a wavelength of 610 nm under exci-tation of ultraviolet pulse. The luminescence behaviors of transparent lutetia ceramics indicated that they were promising detection materials and have potential for application in radiation detection and digital X-ray imaging.


Abstract. In these notes we discuss some equidistribution problems with the aim to give reasonable error rates, i.e. we are interested in effective statements. We motivate some arguments by studying a concrete problem on a two-torus, and then describe recent results on the equidistribution of semisimple orbits obtained in joint work with G. Margulis and A. Venkatesh. We end by studying the relationship between equidistribution of closed orbits and mixing properties. This leads to a way of transporting spectral gap from one group — via an effective equidistribution result on a quotient by an irreducible lattice – to another group. The latter topic is ongoing joint work with G. Margulis and A. Venkatesh.


'Football literature is almost as old as the game itself' (p. 221). This statement, though placed late in the book is the essence of this study about the role of football in the media. This book se...


Supramolecular hydrogen-bonded networks have been prepared by self-assembly of a chiral bifunctional H-bond acceptor and achiral trifunctional H-bond donors. A stilbazole dimer, (R)-1,2-bis{4-\[2-(4-pyridyl)ethenyl]phenoxy}propane (1) has been synthesized for use as a chiral component for cholesteric networks. Compound 1 has been complexed with tri functional H-bond donors, p,q-bis{2-\[2-(4-carboxyphenoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy}benzoic(2-6) \[p, q =2,4 (2); 2,5 (3); 2,6 (4); 3,4 (5); 3,5 (6)], maintaining the 1 :1 donor/acceptor group stoichiometry. With the exception of the complex from 1 and 6, these H-bonded complexes exhibit cholesteric phases and glass transition behaviour, while all individual components are non-mesomorphic. For example, the H-bonded complex consisting of 1 and 2 shows a cholesteric phase from 75 to 184 C on heating. These results suggest that supramolecular liquid crystalline networks with macroscopic helical structures have been formed by intermolecular hydrogen bonds between non-mesomorph...


The transformation from the crystalline to the amorphous state was frequently found in some polycrystalline materials when grain refinement reaches a certain degree. Grain-size reduction induced lattice distortion and its effects on crystal structural instability were analyzed based on our recent work [Qin et al., Philos. Mag. Lett. 88, 169 (2008); Qin et al., J. Appl. Phys. 102, 124303 (2007); Qin et al., J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 19, 236217 (2007)] and Koike's model [Phys. Rev. B 47, 7700 (1993)]. A criterion for determining the possible grain-size limit below which the amorphization occurs was proposed. Theoretical results may well account for experimental observations.


In satellite images of the world ocean the Argentine Sea is one of the areas of highest chlorophyll-a (Chl a) concentration. Here we analyze the spatial variability in primary production in relationship to phytoplankton biomass, and some relevant optical and physical characteristics observed during spring 2005. High Chl a concentrations were found in frontal areas, mainly at the shelf-break (19.0 mg m -3 ) and Grande Bay (28.6 mg m -3 ), with the lowest values offshore (0.4 mg m -3 ). Integrated production also varied widely from ∼275 to 5480 mg C m -2 d -1 . Variations in the Chl a/in vivo-fluorescence, and photosynthetic parameters were related to the absorption characteristics of phytoplankton, indicating the influence of variations in the phytoplankton community composition. Surface Chl a explained only 51% of the variance in integrated primary production. Neither integrated production, nor the photosynthetic parameters were significantly related to seawater temperature. The simple satellite model used here resulted in significant underestimation of field primary production values (Absolute Percentage Difference > 50%). Our results indicate that a more adequate satellite model of production, making use of local photosynthetic parameters and vertical distribution of biomass, should be developed for this region.


The invention relates to the utilization of nanoscalar, antimicrobial active ingredients with an average particle size in the region of between 5 and 500 nm, for producing oral and/or dental hygiene products, in particular, for producing toothpastes or gels for cleaning the teeth. In contrast to active ingredient forms described in prior art, the especially fine distribution of the particles allows the active ingredients to be more easily integrated into formulations and to be more effective.


This paper introduced the characteristics and defects of Bayes discriminatory analysis model,summarized the ICA's characteristics and development state.Then based on ICA and Bayes discriminatory analysis model,it provided an IBD mo ̄del.Firstly,IBD model transformed correlative data indicators into mutually independent data indicators,then filtered of the high-frequency data by ICA,so that it got rid of the noise effectively.At last,discriminated the data to a cluster by Bayes.The experiments show that the discriminatory effect of IBD is prior to that of Bayes and Fisher in dealing in the correlative data.


Phomopsis asparagi(Sacc.)Bubak,the pathogen of asparagus stem blight was isolated from asparagus in Shenyang.The biological research results showed that different media,temperature and pH had significant effects on mycelial growth and spore germination of the pathogen.The best medium for mycelial growth was PSA,the proper temperature was from 20℃ to 30℃ and the optimal temperature for hyphalgrowth was 25℃,the optimal pH was 6,illumination had no effect on mycelial growth.The mycelia could not survive above 60℃ by 10min.The spore germination test showed that the medial with tomato juice were better than those without tomato juice,and the best nutrient was maltose with tomato juice.The proper temperature was from 15℃ to 30℃ and the optimal temperature was 20℃.The optimal pH was from 9 to 10.Illumination had no effect on spore germination.Spore could not germinate above 50℃ by 10min.


A prototype sprayer, based on the Canadian RECUPAIR concept, was evaluated under three citrus grove
conditions. Spray droplet recovery was measured in an open area (without trees) and with small grapefruit and orange trees
as well as very small orange trees. Spray recovery was 61% of the total volume sprayed when the sprayer was operated in
a stationary mode with no trees. Spray recovery in the citrus grove ranged from 22% to 45%, depending upon the average
tree size and the orientation of the sprayer to the wind. Spray deposition within tree canopies was evaluated through visual
assessment and image analysis of water–sensitive papers. Deposition was similar in the vertical sample locations on both
sides of the tree. The center of the canopy received about half the quantity of spray deposited at the outside of the trees. The
results show that the RECUPAIR concept could be useful in spraying small citrus trees with gaps between adjacent trees.


On the basis of the multiple-energy-level Anderson model, we theoretically study the thermoelectric effects of semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) in the nonlinear response regime. The charge and heat currents in the sequential tunneling process are calculated by Keldysh Green's function technique. The thermal rectification effect can be observed for such a multiple QD junction system, whereas the rectification efficiency is significantly affected by the tunneling rate, size fluctuation, and location distribution of QDs. We also find that the charge current rectification with respect to temperature bias can be observed.


With molten salt method, a series of the hercynite powders were prepared using FeCl2·4H2O, active alumina and iron powder as raw material and KCl molten salt as reaction medium. The phase composition and micro-morphology were studied by techniques of XRD and SEM. The results showed that a high purity hercynite-alumina powder can be synthesized by molten salt synthesis method after heat treatment at 1000 °C in reducing atmosphere, the main phases were hercynite and α-Al2O3, and the increasing iron powder content can raise hercynite production quantity with developed crystal grain, the grain size was increased from 6μm to 10μm.


Experimental results regarding electron and hole production in anthracene crystals are reviewed with emphasis on the relevance of these studies to the fundamental question of the nature of the excess electron states in these low mobility crystals. It is pointed out that a number of experiments suggest that above a threshold of about 4 eV in anthracene crystals, electronic transitions involve transitions of an electron from a ground state to a quite broad band rather than to bound states, some of which subsequently autoionize to create carriers, as has been thought to be true in the past. Most of the electrons created in this process apparently immediately recombine with the hole which was simultaneously created because they both have very small mean free paths for energy losing collisions and thus remain trapped in each other's coulomb field. Another experimental test of this hypothesis is proposed. The various types of carrier generation processes which have been observed and which will ultimately be useful in studies of highly excited states in anthracene crystals are reviewed.


The dispersedly strengthened Pt-5Au, as a new-typed crucible material, was prepared by internal-oxidization-thermal composition technology. Mesurement results show that the dispersely strengthened Pt-5Au has had better mechanical properties at higher temperature,longer useful life, and more lightened weight by 30%~50% as compared with Pt-5Au alloy. A great economic benefits can be obtained when completely substituting Pt-5Au alloy.


A 4-year industrial research project led by Polytechnique Montreal has conducted to the development of innovative precast bridge barriers made with High Performance Fibre Reinforced Concretes (HPFRC). The design of a 2-m long precast barrier in HPFRC anchored with U-shape rebar on a bridge slab was optimized using nonlinear finite element calculations. Specimens were produced at full scale in a precast plant and tested in laboratory under various experimental conditions. Phase 1 of the project included application of static and impact loadings on the barrier. Phase 2 concerned the mechanical behavior of overhang bridge slabs with precast barriers (with or without longitudinal continuity) and cast-in-place barriers. Experimental results demonstrated that the bridge slab and barrier exceed the CSA static design load requirements with all configurations tested, and utilization of precast barriers with longitudinal continuity improve the ultimate load. Numerical models reproduced accurately the various experimental conditions studied, then they were used to provide information on the impact of barrier length.


Four spices (clove, cinnamon, tamarind and ginger) were combined and applied to produce smoked female mackerel. The use of liquid smoke was compared with redistilled liquid smoke. The result showed that there was lower histamine content in smoked fish treated with spices after the use of liquid smoke and redistilled liquid smoke at (1.00 A¢â'¬â€œ 1.20mg/100g) compared with the raw material (1.55mg/100g). Histamine content in all treatments increased during storage from 0.96 A¢â'¬â€œ 1.13 mg/100g to 6.40 -20.29mg/100g. The phenol content decreased during storage from 2.19% - 2.44% to 0.72% - 0.84%. Using of liquid smoke in combination with spice as well as without spice,resulted in decreasing of the free fatty acid (FFA) content until 20 days of storage then increased, whereas using redistilled liquid smoke, resulted decreased of FFA during 10 days storage before increased. Total psychrophilic microbe was not detectable at 0 and 10 days storage but then increased at 20 and 30 days storage to 6.5x103 A¢â'¬â€œ 10.1x10 3 cfu/ml and 7.5x10 3 A¢â'¬â€œ 15.5x10 3 cfu/ml, respectively. Overall, combination between clove-cinnamon and liquid smoke which was applied to female mackerel showed the best result i.e.: lower histamine content, lower FFA, lower total psychrophilic microbe and lower phenol content than other treatments. The acceptability of smoked fish treated with clove-cinnamon and liquid smoke after 30 days storage showed higher value than other treatments. Key words: histamine formation, redistilled liquid smoke, spices, short-bodied mackerel


A relatively large discrepancy was found in the molar volume of silicon crystals used to determine the Avogadro constant by means of the X-ray and crystal density (XRCD) method. Voids are suspected to cause the difference in the molar volume. Infrared laser scattering tomography, Secco-etching, electron spin resonance, and X-ray topography have been applied to the silicon crystal of the National Research Laboratory of Metrology to detect voids. However, no voids were observed in the crystal.


A study of the translations of French novels in English privately printed for the Lutetian Society (London) in fin de siecle Britain.


The genus Avena L. (Poaceae) comprises a polyploid series of diploid, tetraploid and hexaploid species with a basic chromosome number of seven. Four genomes (A, B, C and D) have been identified based on comparative karyotyping (Rajhathy and Thomas 1974). The genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) technique using A. eriantha's (CC) total DNA probe has been found to be very useful for distinguishing the C genome from the A/B/D genomes (Chen and Armstrong 1994). Hayasaki et al. (2000) reported that intergenomic translocations between the C and the other genomes were more frequent in hexaploid (AACCDD) than in tetraploid (AACC) species of oats. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and RFLP of 18S-5.8S-26S rDNA enabled to clearly detect intraspecific chromosome variations in a wild tetraploid oat and rDNA was considered to be a suitable chromosome landmark (Hayasaki et al. 2001). Jellen and Beard (2000) reported that the presence and absence of intergenomic translocations between 7C and 17A/D chromosomes in hexaploid species determined A. sativa and A. byzantina, respectively. Therefore, it is possible to consider that the genomic constitution of polyploid oats had been changed through evolutionary polyploidization and hybridization. Especially, the C genome chromosomes of polyploid oats have probably tended to be transferred to the chromosomes of other genomes. Intergenomic translocations have been induced by chemical mutagens and radiation, and have played an important role in the genetics and breeding of several crop species (Lai and Srinivasachar 1979). In addition, colchicine has been extensively used for doubling the number of chromosomes of interspecific hybrids to obtain amphiploids. Consequently, we attempted to produce synthetic hexaploid and octoploid oats by doubling the number of chromosomes of interspecific hybrids, and to trace the behavior of the C genome chromosomes through artificial polyploidization. In the present paper, we reported the identification of C genome rearrangements in synthetic oats by GISH. FISH of 18S-5.8S-26S rDNA used as a probe was applied for detecting the satellite (SAT) chromosome carrying an intergenomic translocation segment. Evolutionary occurrence of intergenomic translocations in allopolyploid formation was also briefly discussed. Four combinations of interspecific crosses were made between A. strigosa (2n = 2x = 14; AsAs) or A. barbata (2n = 4x = 28; AABB) as a female parent and A. maroccana or A. murphyi (2n = 4x = 28; AACC) as a male parent. The reverse crosses were difficult to make due to the small size of the anthers and the occurrence of anthesis at midnight in the former species. The two F1 hybrids using A. maroccana were abbreviated as F1str-mar and F1bar-mar, and the other two using A. murphyi were abbreviated as F1str-mur and F1bar-mur. These F1 plants were treated with a 0.1% colchicine solution including 1% DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide) and a few drops of Tween 20. The treatment was made by submerging the crown of the F1 plants for 24 hrs to obtain chromosome doubling. After being washed with deionized water, the treated plants were transplanted to pots filled with a mixture of vermiculite and field soil. The first generation plants (C0) treated with colchicine were grown in a glass house and were self-pollinated to obtain the next generation seeds (C1). The C1 plant populations were expected to include hexaploids and octoploids and were abbreviated as C1str-mar and C1str-mur, and C1bar-mar and C1bar-mur, respectively. Constitution of the C genome was examined by GISH and the number of rDNA sites was counted by FISH in the synthetic oats. Chromosome preparations were obtained by a modification of the method of Matsuda and Kishigami (1981). Root tips were pretreated with cold water (0°C) for 24 hrs, fixed in Farmer's fixative (ethanol : acetic acid = 3 : 1) for more than 12 hrs at 4°C and then dehydrated through decreasing ethanol series. The root tips were then digested in a mixture of 0.5% Pectolyase Y-23 (Kikkoman, Chiba, Japan) and 0.5% Cellulase "ONOZUKA" RS (Yakult, Tokyo, Japan) for 90 min at 37°C. Meristematic regions of the root tips were spread on a glass slide in a few drops of Farmer's fixative and then air-dried. For the GISH probe, total genomic DNAs were isolated from A. eriantha (CC), and for the Note


Recently, there have been several research efforts to design a transport layer that meets the security requirements of anonymous communications while maximizing the network performance experienced by users. In this work, we argue that existing proposals suffer from several performance and deployment issues and we introduce PCTCP, a novel anonymous communication transport design for overlay networks that addresses the shortcomings of the previous proposals. In PCTCP, every overlay path, or circuit, is assigned a separate kernel-level TCP connection that is protected by IPsec, the standard security layer for IP. To evaluate our work, we focus on the Tor network, the most popular low-latency anonymity network, which is notorious for its performance problems that can potentially deter its wider adoption and thereby impact its anonymity. Previous research showed that the current transport layer design of Tor, in which several circuits are multiplexed in a single TCP connection between any pair of routers, is a key contributor to Tor's performance issues. We implemented, experimentally evaluated, and confirmed the potential gains provided by PCTCP in an isolated testbed and on the live Tor network. We ascertained that significant performance benefits can be obtained using our approach for web clients, while maintaining the same level of anonymity provided by the network today. Our realistic large-scale experimental evaluation of PCTCP shows improvements of more than 60% for response times and approximately 30% for download times compared to Tor. Finally, PCTCP only requires minimal changes to Tor and is easily deployable, as it does not require all routers on a circuit to upgrade.


"Wax Magic and The Duchess of Malfi" argues that wax magic provides the best way to understand how the Duchess is affected by the presentation of the wax corpses representing her husband and children as a kind of torturous spectacle. The article reads John Webster's play alongside historical accounts of wax magic, especially the 1578 attack on Queen Elizabeth. While Ferdinand's attack on his sister is not intended as a magical attack, wax magic proves a powerful conceptual model for how art can impact the early modern subject through sympathetic identifications that trouble the boundaries between subjects and objects. Ultimately, the essay argues that both the success of Ferdinand's spectacle and the power of theater itself can be better understood through the possibilities of wax magic.


The effects of several novel monosaccharides upon thymidine incorporation into both normal and tumour cells were investigated. The monosaccharide 2‐deoxy‐3‐[1‐(R)‐(ethoxycarbonyl)ethyl]‐α‐D‐allo‐pyranose had the most inhibitory effect on proliferation, with the (S)‐enantiomer having less inhibitory effects. The chiral centre at carbon‐7 was found to be an important part of the molecule, as 2‐deoxy‐3‐[methoxycarbonyl methyl]‐α‐D‐allo‐pyranose had greatly decreased anti‐proliferative properties in comparison with the parent compound. In addition, the 2‐deoxy structure at carbon‐2 was also found to be important, as 3‐[1‐(S)‐(ethoxycarbonyl)ethyl]‐α‐D‐allo‐hexopyranose had greatly decreased inhibitory properties in comparison with the parent compound. The results indicate that these novel monosaccharides possess potent anti‐proliferative properties, related to their chiral carbon‐7 and 2‐deoxy carbon‐2 structure and suggest that further substitutions of the functional group at carbon‐7 may improve these properties and possibly produce inhibitor selectivity for tumour cells in preference to normal cells. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The utility model relates to a response power transfer system (1) to vehicle transmission electric energy, wherein, response power transfer system (1) is received alternating electromagnetic field and is produced the secondary structure that exchanges output voltage with being used for including the primary winding structure that is used for producing alternating electromagnetic field, wherein, it can and be supplied to deliver to at least one energy storage component (12) by the rectification to exchange output voltage, wherein, output voltage (UC) after the rectification can adjust through the gap size that changes the clearance between primary winding structure and the secondary structure, wherein, the gap size is adjusted, so that according to the charge characteristic of at least one energy storage component (12) is prepared and/or beginning and/or control power transfer process.


Transnational ties, depending on circumstances, can be either a source of increased pride and social capital or of shame and decreased public presence. This article addresses a major aspect of recent Jewish public presence in Latin America; namely, the axes around which Jewish identification and identities have been affected by the impact of shifting global articulations and international alliances. This work claims that the broader context operates as a major force of identity legitimization and de‐legitimization, as well as public recognition and denial of transnational ties. It indicates that transnational factors maintain a constant presence in Latin American Jewish life, yet this continuity is often matched by transformations in the ways in which Jewish communities and individuals have been affected in recent decades. Analysis suggests several ways in which the transnational dimension of legitimization and de‐legitimization evolved in these countries in the past generations, namely since the establishment of the State of Israel, the period of the Cold War and into the contemporary scene of increasing global integration and contestation.


President Hughes, of State Teachers College, Pittsburg, Kansas, has long been a close student of teacher education and has contributed much to the thinking which has led to the evolutionary process he so clearly indicates in this article. The institution he serves was in the vanguard of the movement to offer a fifth year of teacher preparation in an institution de voted chiefly to work in this field.


The individual in international law — Human rights and freedoms — European Convention for Protection of — Right to compensation for restrictions on liberty imposed by the state (Article 5(5)) — Germany — Whether Government of Federal Republic responsible for acts of authorities of Soviet Zone of Occupation — The law of Federal Republic of Germany


BACKGROUND: Nasal obstruction is a common presenting symptom which otolaryngologists encounter in daily clinical practice. One of the
most common cause of nasal obstruction is deviated nasal septum(DNS). DNS to one side is associated with overgrowth of inferior turbinate on the
contralateral side. Septoplasty alone or septoplasty with inferior turbinate reduction is the mode of treatment but that depends upon the decision of
the operative surgeon. In this study we aim to collect data and come to a conclusion as to which surgery is benecial for the patients. AIMS AND
OBJECTIVES: (1) To compare the symptomatic improvement of nasal symptoms following septoplasty with partial inferior turbinectomy versus
septoplasty alone by NOSE Scale. (2) To corroborate the subjective ndings of NOSE Scale by rhinomanometry and nasal endoscopy.
METHODOLOGY: A prospective and comparative study was done on 60 patients over a period of 1 year in a tertiary care centre. Patients were
alternatively divided into two surgical groups Group A- septoplasty with partial inferior turbinectomy and Group B- septoplasty alone. Nasal
Obstruction Symptom Evaluation(NOSE) was used for subjective evaluation of nasal symptoms. Rhinomanometry was used as a tool for objective
evaluation of symptoms. Data was analysed using tables, graph and percentage and test of signicance. Post operative improvement RESULTS:
following both group A septoplasty with partial inferior turbinectomy and group B Septoplasty alone was signicant at post op 1,3 and 6 months
respectively. When both groups were compared those undergoing partial inferior turbinectomy with septoplasty had highly signicant results by
NOSE scale as well as rhinomanometry and endoscopy. This study showed tha CONCLUSION: t hypertrophied turbinate need to be addressed in
chronic cases of nasal obstruction with deviated nasal symptom with contralateral turbinate hypertrophy. Thus we can conclude that partial inferior
turbinectomy should be done in addition to septoplasty as it is a highly effective modality for treatment of nasal obstruction in patients of nasal
obstruction in patients with deviated nasal septum.


The article focuses attention on recent changes in labour organization as well as in industrial relations related to the introduction of the World Class Manufacturing programme in Fiat plants. In particular, starting from a brief description of the "new" organizational paradigm, we use data from a recent research on the Fiat plant in Melfi to show the impact of these changes on working conditions, labour relations, drawing attention on management strategies to improve workers' commitment, participation and involvement. Although the WCM introduces some improvements and innovations as opposed the previous idea of the Japanese lean factory, it clearly appears a strong relation with tayloristic principles such as the increasing importance of standards, methods, time as well as an increasing managerial control over the workers. This led to a crucial role of human resource management strategies and good industrial relations to achieve workers' consensus in implementing the new organization and the new rules.


Dr. Denis Alexander's recently published new book, Creation or evolution: Do we have to choose? is likely to be an important benchmark of theistic evolutionary theology in evangelicalism. Dr. Alexander is a prominent member of one of England's largest evangelical churches, and the list of commendations for the book reads like a who's who of British evangelicalism, including complimentary comments from the Bishop of Oxford, a lecturer from the London School of Theology; Ernest Lucas from Bristol Baptist College; Julian Hardyman from Eden Baptist Church; Melvin Tinker, a prominent Anglican evangelical; John Risbridger from Above Bar Church, Southampton; and, probably the best known name, Professor J.I. Packer, author of such important tomes as Knowing God, Fundamentalism and the Word of God, and Evangelism and the Sovereignty of God. With such distinguished company, who am I to pour cold waters on the efforts of a distinguished scientist and Christian like Dr Alexander?


As objects of research, some bean herbs served: Medicago, Trifolium, Melilotus. Fertility of pollen was defined on temporary preparations. Pollen fertility was studied by painting grains with acetocarmine. Fertility of seed buds was studied by means of luminescent and iodic techniques. Seed efficiency was determined by Vaynagiya technique. The real seed efficiency of the investigated species was ten times less than the potential. Identification of the reasons of low coefficient of efficiency is a necessary stage in selection programs for increase of cultural plants productivity. The reasons of decrease in seed efficiency were established. There was a sterilization of seed buds before pollination. In the studied species, it reaches 32%. Sterilization is caused by genetic and physiological factors. In top flowers of an inflorescence, the percent of sterile seed buds was higher. There was a death of the fertile, impregnated seed buds. Such pictures were observed in plants of different types of Trifolium (to 16%). Part of flowers remains not pollinated and fertile seed buds not impregnated. It is caused by adverse conditions of the environment, shortage of pollinators, the existence of other species blossoming at the same time. Further, there was a degeneration of not impregnated seed buds. The main share of decrease in seed efficiency at the studied plants of Medicago (to 46% of seed buds) and Melilotus (to 50%), to a less extent in Trifolium is the share of this stage (to 32%). This period is defining for future yield of seeds.


The synthesis of novel 1-alkyl or 1-aryl-2-(4-substituted-1-piperazinyl)-1-H-benzothieno[2,3-d]imidazoles 7e-x starting from 2-nitro-3-bromobenzo[b]thiophene is described. These compounds were prepared as potential H1-antihistaminic agents.


We developed ductile biopolyimide (BPI) films derived from a renewable aromatic diamine, 4,4′-diaminotruxillic acid, with a mixture of two different dianhydrides. The BPI copolymers show high thermal resistance with T10 values of over 406 °C and Tg values of over 208 °C, improved tensile strength and elongation at break, and a Young's modulus maintained at around 4 GPa. In addition, the copolymers showed an adhesion strength to the carbon plate of 0.22–4.47 MPa, which is similar to that of cyanoacrylate superglue. In summary, we develop tough films composed of the copolymers derived from benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride and oxydiphthalic dianhydride. The film shows a strain energy as high as that of a commercial Kapton film. We confirm the ductility of the film by microscopy and tensile testing after it was completely folded.


This article analyzes energy security in the context of the regional and global levels. The starting point in analyzing policies pursued by Russia, Venezuela and the Gulf States has become "the first law of petropolitics" according to which, the higher the average price of oil and gas on world markets, the lower is the conviction of the governments of the necessity of internal political and economic reforms, and their foreign and security policy is more confrontational. In the author's opinion, both the controversy surrounding the Nord Stream project as well as the violent protests in the Middle East, support the hypothesis about the need to promote compliance with the rules of democracy and solidarity between countries as a mechanism for ensuring energy security on a global scale.