At present, the acting arts in China are much more prosperous than ever before, but we still do not have a veriest history of acting arts. This article makes a audacious exploration about it. It can be divided into four periods. Hopefully it will be helpful to make a in-depth research on the specialities and regulations of Chinese acting arts.


ABSTRACT A variational formulation is presented for shape optimal design of two-dimensional elastic bodies. Optimal modification or remodel of a specified shape is determined for reinforcing (addition of material), lightening (removal of material), or redistribution of material by a specified amount. Necessary conditions are obtained in analytical form to provide the basis for an algorithm to solve the optimal remodel design problem computationally. The method is demonstrated for examples in both torsion and plane stress problems, including cases in which the optimal modification calls for introduction of a hole into an original shape.


The present invention provides a TO-CAN optical module and an optical communication device having the TO-CAN optical module. The optical module comprises a stem; a thermoelectric cooling element within the stem; a first sub-mount on the thermoelectric cooling element; an optical element on the first sub-mount; a plurality of electrode lead wires incoming from the outside to the inside of the stem and arranged adjacent to the thermoelectric cooling element and the optical element; a second sub-mount between the electrode lead wires and the optical element; high frequency transmission line wires on the second sub-mount; a plurality of bonding wires connecting the high frequency transmission line wires to the optical element and connecting the high frequency transmission line wires to the electrode lead wires; and an impedance matching part arranged around the high frequency transmission line wires and the electrode lead wires and controlling the impedance of the high frequency transmission line wires and the electrode lead wires.


Abstract Various retention models have been developed and adopted to predict the retention behaviors of solutes in high performance liquid chromatography. Although the retention times can be successfully predicted in a gradient elution, it is difficult to predict the fundamental parameters of the eluted peaks, such as the number of theoretical plates, the resolution between neighboring peaks, as well as asymmetry factors. Thus far, the Snyder retention model has widely been used to predict the retention behavior in both isocratic and gradient conditions. However, it has a critical defect in that it cannot closely follow the retention behaviors of solutes when a relatively low content of organic modifier is used in the mobile phase. This is a result of the nonlinear relationship between the logarithm value of the retention factor and the volumetric percentage of organic modifier in the mobile phase. To overcome this shortcoming, a modified retention model was adopted to predict the retention times in several linear gradient conditions. A numerical method that transforms any gradient condition into discrete step gradient conditions was also proposed to predict the retention times in a gradient elution. The model is suitable to apply to nonlinear and multilinear gradient conditions, including actual obtained gradient profiles. Two kinds of organic modifiers, methanol and acetonitrile, were employed, and four purine compounds were used as solutes. The predicted retention times obtained by the modified retention model are in good agreement with experimental data in terms of the achieved gradient conditions.


Foreword..1. Beyond Right and Left ..Part I: The Age of the Market..2. A world made by markets..3. The triumph of an idea..Part II: The End of the Old Ideas ..4. Ex-cons, neo-cons and the death of classical conservatism..5. What was socialism?..Part III: The Culture War ..6. The culture war and moral politics..7. We're all in the same boat..8. Rethinking the family and care..Part IV: The Future..9. A new humanism..References..Index


Survivable network design is an important suite of algorithmic problems where the goal is to select a minimum cost network subject to the constraint that some desired connectivity property has to be satisfied by the network. Traditionally, these problems have been studied in a model where individual edges (and sometimes nodes) have an associated cost. This model does not faithfully represent wireless networks, where the activation of an edge is dependent on the selection of parameter values at its endpoints, and the cost incurred is a function of these values. We present a realistic optimization model for the design of survivable wireless networks that generalizes various connectivity problems studied in the theory literature, e.g. node-weighted steiner network, power optimization, minimum connected dominating set, and in the networking literature, e.g. installation cost optimization, minimum broadcast tree. We obtain the following algorithmic results for our general model:
 1. For k = 1 and 2, we give O(log n)-approximation algorithms for both the vertex and edge connectivity versions of the k-connectivity problem. These results are tight (up to constants); we show that even for k = 1, it is NP-hard to obtain an approximation factor of o(log n).
 2. For the minimum steiner network problem, we give a tight (up to constants) O(log n)-approximation algorithm.
 3. We give a reduction from the k-edge connectivity problem to a more tractable degree-constrained problem. This involves proving new connectivity theorems that might be of independent interest. We apply this result to obtain new approximation algorithms in the power optimization and installation cost optimization applications.


In recent years, there have been many technological advancements to support greener vessel operations and improved performance. The National Research Council of Canada evaluated the effect of a low friction hull coating from both a fuel consumption and power savings perspective. To quantify the variation in both fuel and power, an analysis methodology was adopted from the ISO 19030 standard for measuring the change in hull and propeller performance. The results of this analysis indicated that between 17.5 and 20.5 knots the power required to achieve cruising speed decreased by an average of 3.56% subsequent to the hull recoat. This translates to a fuel consumption reduction of 3.27% within the same speed range. The improvements in performance were most notable at 20.5 knots.


ABSTRACT Although the association between parental relationships with their children and creative output is one of the basic tenets of therapeutic work in dyadic art therapy, this assumption has rarely been examined experimentally. This study was designed to explore associations between mothers' perceptions of their relationships with their children and their responses to a joint drawing task. Seventy-four dyads composed of mothers and their 6–9-year-olds created joint drawings. The mothers then filled out the Art-Based Intervention Questionnaire (ABI) and the Relations with Father/Mother Questionnaire (RFMQ) to assess responses to their drawing experience and perceptions of their relationship with their child. The findings showed that mothers who had a more positive perception of their relationship with their daughter also had a more positive experience in the joint drawing activity, whereas no such correlations were found for mother–son relationships.


Joint Detection and Decoding Scheme (JDD) In this separate structure, of the MIMO detector finds the shortest path and delivers the detected result to the decoder; the BER performance of this scheme is not optimal. The joint scheme requires only single tree search engine that performs MIMO detection and channel decoding procedures currently. MIMO detection and decoding of convolutional code concurrently for the system of 16-QAM modulation with rate-1/2 codes.


This article provides an overview of the historical reasons and political and constitutional contexts that have led England and Scotland to adopt very different approaches to common education. Since devolution in 1999, the two nations have diverged further in terms of social policy, and education policy in particular. In England, the system is marked by diversification, heterogeneity and and a reduced role for the state and local government. The curriculum is marked by a strong adhesion to core subjects and knowledge. In Scotland there remains a strong attachment to a mostly comprehensive and homogeneous model, where the State retains control of education and where the curriculum increasingly focuses on process, outcomes, 'soft skills' and interdisciplinary learning. Strong ideological forces underpin both these approaches to education, which will probably continue to diverge even more in the future.


Recently, a permutation-based successive cancellation (PSC) decoding framework for polar codes attracts much attention. It decodes several permuted codewords with indepen-dent successive cancellation (SC) decoders. Its latency thus can be reduced to that of SC decoding. However, the PSC framework is ineffective for permutations falling into the lower-triangular affine (LTA) automorphism group, as they are invariant under SC decoding. As such, a larger block lower-triangular affine (BLTA) group that contains SC-variant permutations was discovered for decreasing polar codes. But it was unknown whether BLTA equals the complete automorphism group. In this paper, we prove that BLTA equals the complete automorphisms of decreasing polar codes that can be formulated as affine transformations.


The effects of a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide, cypermethrin, administered as a formulation Ripcord 25EC (emulsified concentrate), to adult beetles of a stored grain pest, Tribolium castaneum, have been studied, with an objective to ascertain its toxicity on enzymes such as carbohydrases, phosphatases, dehydrogenases, aminotransferases, and concentration of various biochemical components such as monosaccharides, glycogen, cholesterol, nucleic acids, urea, total lipids, and total proteins. Almost all the enzymes and biochemical components were sensitive to sublethal doses of Ripcord 25 EC and these effects were found to be dependent on the duration of treatment. All carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes (amylase, invertase, lactase, maltase, lactate dehydrogenase) were elevated, except for trehalase, which was also elevated up to day 3 but returned to normal levels subsequently. Phosphatases (alkaline as well as acidic) were increased first and decreased thereafter, while isocitrate dehydrogenase decreased throughout the experimental period. Transaminases (aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase) showed a decreasing trend. Of the other biochemical components tested, glucose content decreased during the first 3 days but increased subsequently. Fructose content showed an increase, while the glycogen content decreased throughout the study. Total lipid content was not disturbed up to day 3 but increased thereafter. Cholesterol content was depleted by day 7. Total proteins started decreasing from day 3 onwards, while soluble proteins were not affected. DNA, RNA, and urea contents exhibited elevated levels, while uric acid showed a decreasing trend. Sublethal doses of Ripcord, therefore, resulted in extensive enzyme induction, and utilization of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids, in the given order, perhaps to produce extra energy to combat insecticidal stress. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 39:144‐154, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.


FIELD: shipbuilding. SUBSTANCE: system contains the self-contained body and the electric motor the stator of which is fixed to the body, and the rotor has the circular ring as a whole, from inside. The supplemental identical electric motor is installed with the stator which is fixed to the body, and the rotor has the circular ring as a whole, from inside. The coil of both stators are placed roundabout parallel with the central motor axis. From the stator butts faced to each other, the rotors with the circular rings are installed to the inner surface of which the propeller blades are fixed. The inner diameter of the circular ring is equal to the inner diameter of the stator; each rotor bears the shaft which is simultaneously presents the shaft of the propeller and the said shaft is attached to the legs which are affixed by both sides of the rotor and propeller and fastened to the bearing structure of the body and/or stator. The propellers' bosses are supplied with the shaft bearings. EFFECT: vibration and noise are reduced; efficiency is increased. 8 cl, 2 dwg


THE heightened activity of the postwar period is clearly reflected in an increase in the amount and the quality of research of interest to the guidance worker. Much of this research is concerned with a clearer understanding of the individual as he interacts with his social environment. Studies of the problems of subcultures in the United States and of the significance of social class have contributed much to this insight. Concern over the number of adolescents leaving high school before graduating has led to more careful analyses of possible causal factors. Among these factors, dissatisfaction with the school situation and evidences of emotional maladjustment have outweighed economic need. The nationwide trend toward annual promotion, the reduction of retardation, and provision for continuous progress without specific grade-level boundaries is receiving greater emphasis than ever. Relatively few attempts have been made to present a comparative evaluation of the different varieties of guidance programs. Most of the literature in the area of organization, plans, and programs consists of descriptive surveys. An effort has been made to understand the "unique" individual thru a patterned study of many characteristics. Personality dimensions, social status, and self-evaluation are among the kinds of factors under scrutiny. A more dynamic view of appraisal appears to be evolving in which status measures will be replaced by indicators of growth and of the possibility of change in status. The literature dealing with counseling technics is still in the discussion stage, or, at best, in an exploratory period. Here and there the beginnings of clear-cut evaluation may be seen, presaging more and better research. Cultural factors operating in the school society have been investigated by means of sociometric technics, case studies of leaders, and the analysis of social status indexes. Emphasis is clearly shifting to the study of groups as they form the living structure of the social environment. The intelligent exploitation of the interacting groups composing the school society would appear to be a major challenge to the guidance program. The problem of increasing the functional literacy of the United States is being solved as shown by the decline in illiterates from 1.5 million in 1940 to fewer than 1 million in 1947. Enrolment statistics contribute added weight to the previously mentioned institutional research on highschool drop-outs. More nearly complete and thoro job analyses of the work of counselors are needed. A beginning in this field has been made, however. Proposed training programs for guidance workers do not match the actual backgrounds possessed by such professional personnel. Little, if any, validation of certification requirements has been attempted.


To improve magnetic separation and recovery for Ludwigite, the influences of microwave radiation on the heating characteristics, microstructure, magnetic properties and the magnetic separation of Ludwigite are investigated. The magnetizations of untreated and microwave-treated samples with various microwave powers are analyzed using vibrating sample magnetometer. It is found that magnetite is an active material, while ascharite and serpentine are inactive materials. The heating rate of magnetite is faster than those of ascharite and serpentine, resulting in temperature gradient and internal stress among different components in Ludwigite. The effect of microwave power on the internal stress for mineral phases is positive. The internal stress significantly induces intergranular fractures and facilitates mineral liberation. After microwave treatment from 0 to 4 kW exposed for 40 s, serpentine is dissociated and the crystallinity of magnetite is increased, which leads to the saturation magnetization of samples increasing from 12.39 to 24.51 emu/g. Compared with untreated ore, the energy demand for microwave-treated Ludwigite is only about 0.44 kWh/kg, the grade of iron concentrate of microwave-treated Ludwigite increases from 48.56% to 58.06% and iron recovery increases from 69.44% to 96.35%, respectively. It can be concluded that microwave radiation has a positive effect on magnetic properties of Ludwigite and is conducive to magnetic separation from non-magnetic minerals with low energy consumption, thereby obtaining high iron recovery.


Objective To investigate the interventions on the incidence rate of drinking drive in Liuzhou City.Methods At random road junctions,motor and vehicle driver's were randomly selected to finish on-site's survey and breath alcohol test by the representative research method.Results The drivers in our study were 5 733 in total,and the average incidence rate of drink driving was 0.87%,while incidence rate of drunken driving was 0.37%.There were no implication of drunk driving,drink driving and drunken driving from 17:00 to 18:00,and other time implication of drunk driving and drink driving,its difference was significant.Drink driving rate in each group were significantly reduced,compared with that of the baseline survey,and the drunken driving rate of motorcycle drivers was also significantly decreased.Conclusions Drink-driving rate of motor and vehicles drivers in Liuzhou was significantly lower after the interventions,indicating that interventions are important to curb drink-driving.


Accurately predicting the score differences in NBA basketball games is no simple task. In this research, using game-by-game box scores from 2012-2018 NBA regular seasons, we present a linear model with design matrix, estimating the team strengths using previous results and applying the model to predict score differences of NBA regular season games. The model takes in team fatigue levels and starting line-up salary weights to adjust the team strengths. The results are very close to the pointspreads, which are the market equilibria predictions before the start of the games.


From the results of the research on human capabilities in connection with the driving of motor vehicles an information flow diagram is derived which takes into account the essential viewpoints of information recording and information processing in the steering of motor vehicles. It results from these considerations that it is advisable to divide the steering functions into a regulation of the transverse dynamics of the vehicle and into a regulation of the longitudinal dynamics. In contrast to the regulation of the transverse dynamic for which a continuous guidance is given by the course of the road, no suitable quantity exists for the regulation of the longitudinal dynamics. The continuous indication of the braking distance being required to bring the vehicle to a stop with present road conditions and present speed would result in an improvement of the regulation of the longitudinal dynamics. A technical concept is developed ensuring the indication of the braking distance by a continuous measurement of the closed linkage factor. In order to guarantee the improved comparison aimed at between guiding quantity and slaving quantity a head- up-display with analogue indication is proposed by which the driver gets the impression that the point at hich his vehicle would come to a standstill in case of an emergency braking is marked by a light beam across the street. The utilization of the indicated braking distance by the driver in the closed feedback control system is shown on the basis of some selected examples. /Author/


Problem setting. The system of public administration is a complex set of related elements and entities that interact with each other, so the manifestation of negative corruption minimizes the possibility of achieving positive results in the process of these communications. Special attention should be paid to the functioning of the customs system, which is an important part of the national economy of Ukraine. In this area, corruption abuses are extremely pronounced, given the peculiarities of the customs industry. This problem is acute and urgent, as its existence causes the progression of those negative phenomena that are currently present in the customs system of Ukraine and reduce the effectiveness of public administration in general.Recent research and publications analysis. The issue of corruption in the context of public administration is the subject of research by many scientists: V. Averyanov, O. Antonova, V. Bashtannyk, Y. Bytyak, I. Borodin, A. Vasyliev, I. Golosnichenko, E. Dodin, L. Koval, V. Kolpakov, A. Komzyuk, N. Lypovska, V. Olefir, O. Ostapenko, I. Pakhomov, O. Petrenko, S. Seryogin, I. Khozhylo, V. Shamray, H. Yarmaki etc. Given the wide range of researchers who study the specifics of corruption in the context of public administration, it is worth noting the significant gaps in the assessment of this issue from a sectoral perspective. In particular, it should be noted the great need to study corruption in customs and find ways to minimize this shameful phenomenon in modern conditions.Highlighting previously unsettled parts of the general problem. The need to analyze corruption processes in the customs authorities and substantiate offers for anti-corruption actions in the field of public administration led to the choice of the topic of the article.Paper main body. Corruption in the general sense can be defined as the illegal activity of persons called to perform the functions of the state, in the form of misuse of their powers in order to obtain benefits by increasing their material wealth, obtaining illegal services or benefits.Global trends indicate the presence of corruption in all countries, so this issue is a priority in solving all spheres of life, both developed and developing countries. In particular, public administration of European countries in the political, informational, institutional and legal context is aimed at combating corruption. To this end, there are such institutions common to EU countries as Greco, the Venice Commission, Olaf, Eurojust, Europol and others. At the interstate level, they coordinate and provide information and analytical support for anti-corruption measures, develop common legal standards in the form of community regulations.In the field of public administration, there is a sufficient legal resource on the basis of which it is possible to ensure anti-corruption policy in the state and, in particular, in the customs sphere. However, the customs system is characterized by a wide range of unresolved issues related to corruption abuses. Accordingly, there is a need to develop offers for overcoming and preventing corruption: development and implementation in the practice of customs authorities of methodological recommendations relating to their employees and aimed at resolving conflicts related to corruption; observance by customs officers of relevant ethical norms, which must harmonize with anti-corruption activities; effective application of responsibility to those guilty of corruption and comprehensive implementation of measures aimed at combating corruption; clear identification of those responsible for corruption in areas where there is a high risk of such abuses; regulation of procedures aimed at preventing corruption of customs officers in the performance of their official duties.Anti-corruption in customs authorities in the context of ensuring the effectiveness of public administration should include the implementation of the following measures: development of conceptual foundations of anti-corruption policy in the customs sphere; adopt a Code of Ethics for Customs Officers in accordance with the needs of anti-corruption policy; effective implementation of the principle of equality before the law in the context of reducing corruption; ensuring equal responsibility for corrupt actions not only for individuals but also for legal entities; ensure the absence of immunity from corrupt practices for officials, including senior executives; delimit the powers of bodies engaged in anti-corruption activities; to intensify the public to combat corruption; wide informing of the public about cases of corruption in customs bodies.Conclusions of the research and prospects for further studies. The problem of corruption in public authorities is a long-standing and painful issue in Ukraine. This problem is especially acute in the activities of customs authorities, as their activities are directly related to foreign economic activity, significant flows of goods and flows of financial resources across the customs border of the state. In turn, this is a direct threat to the country's national security. Given the fact that Ukraine ranks relatively low in global rankings on the existence of corruption abuses, it is necessary to take decisive measures to reduce the manifestations of this phenomenon, in particular, in the customs authorities.


With the swift expansion of wireless technologies, demand for radio spectrum is continuously mounting. Along with the spectrum scarcity problem, radio spectrums are also underutilized. Cognitive radio practices an open spectrum allocation technique, which can ensure efficient handling of the frequency bands. Suitable network model is a must for the implementation of cognitive radio networks. In this paper, an efficient cluster model for cognitive radio ad-hoc networks is presented using graph theory. The proposed clustering model is defined as a maximum edge biclique problem, where the spatial variations of spectrum availability are considered. This clustering scheme aims to maintain set of free common channels in every cluster, which allows smooth shifting among control channels. A parameter called Cluster Head Determination Factor (CHDF) is also introduced to select cluster-heads where clusters' operations are coordinated by cluster-heads. Each cluster comprises of a secondary clusterhead to combat the re-clustering issue for mobile nodes. Finally, simulation and comparative studies are conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. Keywordscognitive radio networks; graph theory; ad-hoc networks; cluster-based network; re-clustering


Objective:To explore optimum low doses of the infant skull checks in spiral CT scan.Methods:120 cases of clinical suspicion infant brain trauma need a CT scan,were randomly divided into 6 groups(n=20) using successive lower tube current,100mA standard dose images and 90,80,70,60 50mA six kinds of low-dose images were evaluated according to the quality of the image to identify the optimum tube current capacity to meet the diagnostic needs of clinical application.At the same time the record scan random automatically display dose indicators that volume CT dose index(CTDIvol),dose-length product(DLP).Results:① In addition to the six cases under 50mA conditions image quality evaluation results worse,other low-dose images to achieve diagnostic requirements.When the tube current is reduced to 50mA,image quality grading mainly in general.The tube current 60,70,80 mA when the image quality is a good,good mainly.②Clinical practical application tube current 60mA scan,compared with conventional dose CTDIvol dropped was 39.97%,down 40.00% of DLP.Conclusion:Infant head CT examination,the tube current of 60mA from the image to meet the clinical diagnosis,but also significantly reduce the patient radiation dose infant.


There are multiple problems such as capital constraint and site selection dilemma etc.during the development of housing security in China.A consensus has been reached that we should make full use of market mechanisms to promote the process of housing security.China has entered the golden age of large-scale construction of urban railway transit,so the paper puts forward a helpful idea to develop mixed-housing security along the rail transit considering the characteristic of semi-public product for both rail transit and the housing.


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1. A process for preparing tert-butylphenol, comprising reacting isobutylene-containing stream C raffinate with phenol or substituted phenol in the presence of a metal of Group IIIb or Group IIIb metal oxide at a temperature from about 50 ° C to about 150 ° C, wherein the molar ratio of isobutene to phenol is from about 0.5: 1 to about 2.5: 1.2. A process for preparing tert-butylphenol, comprising reacting isobutylene-containing stream C raffinate with a phenol or substituted phenol in the presence of a metal of Group IIIb or oxide IIIb group metal at a temperature from about 50 ° C to about 125 ° C, wherein the molar ratio of isobutylene to phenol is from about 0.5: 1 to about 3: 1.3. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that tert-butyl phenol is 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol, o-tert-butylphenol or kombinatsiyu.4. A method according to claim 3, characterized in that it comprises the step transalkirovaniya 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol and / or ortho-tert-butylphenol, resulting in the formation of a compound selected from the group consisting of p-tert-butylphenol, 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol and smes.5. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the reaction is carried out at a temperature from about 70 ° C to about 125 ° C.6. A method according to claim 5, characterized in that the reaction temperature is from 90 ° C to 121 ° C.7. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the reaction is carried out under a pressure from 0 to 35.2 kg / sm.8. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the isobutene-containing C-raffinate stream comprises 35-95% izobutilena.9. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the isobutene-containing C-raffinate stream comprises at least 75% and


The paper at hand aims at exploring whether engagement with the penal judicial system can affect drug using adolescents' decision to seek treatment, by studying the relative views and beliefs of their parents. The main research questions are concerned with the parents' beliefs about the effect of the judicial institutions (e.g. police, prosecutors, judges, juvenile probation officers) and the enforcement of reformative – treatment measures on motivating youths. A Likert-based scale was used as the main data collection tool, as it was considered most suitable with respect to the study's goals, research questions and theoretical grounding. Data were descriptively analysed using the SPSS software, looking into the frequency distributions and the correlation matrices of the variables of interest. Results show that all parents consider the effect of the judicial institutions' involvement on the motivation of the juvenile addicted offenders as very significant. According to the participants' responses, intense policing, the involvement of the juvenile prosecutors and probation officers, the application of a personalized intervention model, the enforcement of reformative measures and the referral - by the judicial authorities - to a rehabilitation program, can all have a decisive effect on an adolescent's decision to discontinue drug use.


This document reports on the work done by the Separations Science and Technology Section of the Chemical Technology Division, Argonne National Laboratory, in the period October 1992--March 1993. This effort is mainly concerned with developing the TRUEX process for removing and concentrating actinides from acidic waste streams contaminated with transuranic (TRU) elements. The objectives of TRUEX processing are to recover valuable TRU elements and to lower disposal costs for the nonTRU waste product of the process. Two other projects are underway with the objective of developing (1) evaporation technology for concentrating radioactive waste and product streams such as those generated by the TRUEX process and (2) treatment schemes for liquid wastes stored or being generated at Argonne.


Geographically, the company covers 29,765 square kilometers, for approximately 1,300,000 distribution customers, from a total number of 3,300,000 inhabitants in the area. The 110 kV power distribution network consist in 2300 km overhead lines and 121 substations of 110/MV. The numerical technologies in distribution network control are an essential component for an efficient management, therefore, each utility company should have its own goals and strategy in this field. While numerical protections, SCADA and DA applications and a better control and monitoring level are required by the present business environment, the investments limitations are still an important issue. The paper offers a Romanian utility company's point of view in SCADA/DMS development and its present option and projects. Our engineers conceived a hardware and a software application for a simple SCADA system for the 110 kV substations and a control system for the MV/LV substations allowing SCADA/DMS functions implementation. Integrated solutions towards hybrid and local solutions were analyzed based upon the company's experience. It became possible to emphasis on a sum of conclusions about the cost-effectiveness, reliability, expandability and open structure to further developments of the systems we have up until this moment. Local systems, even if effective for the first period of implementation, prove not always reliable in medium and long term. The company's power networks are spread across 6 Romanian counties with relatively important towns and various industrial activities, agriculture and tourism. There are two dispatchers for the high voltage network and substations, seven local dispatchers for the medium voltage network and MV/LV substations and one dispatcher coordination office. Some of the most important industrial consumers also have their own 40 of 110 kV/MV substations, coordinated by Muntenia Nord's dispatchers. Likewise, there is a number of 84 Medium Voltage substations (most of them being 20/6 kV) and 9500 Medium Voltage/Low Voltage substations or MV connection points. We are still facing an important moral and physical ageing of the power installations, occurred especially in the eighties' and early nineties'. Consequently, a very important range of issues in the investments field is represented by the power substation retrofit and modernization, numerical protections, SCADA and DA projects and applications. The documents of the National Regulatory Authority (the independent Romanian system authority), like The Power Network Technical Code, and the present business environment require a better control and monitoring level, simultaneously with the improvement of the power quality parameters.


Abstract Introduction: Chronic prostatitis (CP) is a common genitourinary disorder in adult men. It has a high incidence, a complex disease, and a lingering course, which seriously affects the quality of life of patients. For the treatment of CP, the currently available treatment methods are limited and patients are not satisfied with the treatment results. Therefore, more effective treatment options need to be further explored. Methods: The study is a single-blind, parallel-group, randomized controlled clinical trial consisting of a 4-to-6-week treatment period and a 6-month follow-up period. Included participants will be randomized into three groups and given a treatment regimen of acupuncture, qianliean suppository, respectively. Patients in each group will be treated for 1 month as a course of treatment. The clinical efficacy and changes in inflammatory factor levels in each group will be assessed at the end of treatment. Discussion: The trial aims to promote a more effective, standardized, and efficacious treatment protocol for CP in the clinical setting.


Based on supercritical CO2 extraction technique and orthogonal experiment design,extraction condition of essential oil from Chenopodium ambrosioides were investigated.The rational conditions were sample size of 40-60 mesh,extraction pressure 20 MPa,extraction temperature 55 ℃,separation pot pressure 6 MPa,separation pot temperature 60 ℃,extraction time 65 min,flow of CO2 34-36 L·h-1,which resulted in extraction rate 7.92% compared with 0.45% with hydrodistillation method.LC50 of the essential to Mosca domestica and Phyllotreta striolata with fumigant bioassay were 1.6102 and 1.3232 mg·L-1 while LD50 with dropping bioassay were 166.4336 and 306.8287 μg·imago-1.


When a harsh winter caused the loss of electricity supply in several provinces in China earlier this year, a struggle ensued to repair transmission lines and pylons to get power back to those regions as quickly as possible. But the freak seasonal snow storms also raised questions about why equipment made to international standards failed to stand up to the severe weather.


The feeding behaviour of the sanguivorous common vampire bat (Desmodus rotundus) facilitates the transmission of pathogens that can impact both human and animal health. To formulate effective strategies in controlling the spread of diseases, there is a need to obtain information on which animals they feed on. One DNA-based approach, shotgun sequencing, can be used to obtain such information. Even though it is costly, shotgun sequencing can be used to simultaneously retrieve prey and vampire bat mitochondrial DNA for population studies within one round of sequencing. However, due to the challenges of analysing shotgun sequenced metagenomic data such as false negatives/positives and typically low proportion of reads mapped to diet items, shotgun sequencing has not been used for the identification of prey from common vampire bat blood meals. To overcome these challenges and generate longer mitochondrial contigs which could be useful for prey population studies, we shotgun sequenced common vampire bat blood meal samples (n=8) and utilised a two-step metagenomic approach based on combining existing bioinformatic workflows (alignment and de novo mtDNA assembly) to identify prey. Further, we validated our results to detections made through metabarcoding. We accurately identified the common vampire bats' prey in seven out of eight samples without any false positives. We also generated prey mitochondrial contig lengths between 138bp to 3231bp (mean=985bp, SD=981bp). As we develop more computationally efficient bioinformatics pipelines and reduce sequencing costs, we can expect an uptake in metagenomics dietary studies in the near future.


Abstract For many years scholars and politicians discuss the economic importance of the middle income class. Our article contributes to broaden the present state of research by not only examining the structure of the middle class whilst focusing on individual attributes, but by especially taking the role of gender-specific occupational characteristics and country-specific conditions into account. Based on the EU-SILC data 2020 for 17 countries, we analyze which factors affect the structure of the middle income class on the individual, on the occupational and country level. Our findings show that occupational attributes (e.g. part-time rate) prove to be highly relevant in this realm. Moreover, significant gender differences can be observed: women who work in an occupation which is mainly performed by women bear a higher risk of belonging to the lower income class as compared to men.


Widely known for pest species that include major modulators of temperate forests, the genus Choristoneura is part of the species‐rich tribe Archipini of leafroller moths (Tortricidae). Delimitation of the genus has remained unresolved because no phylogeny has included species endemic to Africa and studies have often omitted the type species of the genus. Further taxonomic confusion has been generated by the transfer of Archips occidentalis (Walsingham) to Choristoneura, creating a homonym with Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman, an important defoliator of North American forests. To define the limits of the genus, we reconstructed a phylogeny using DNA sequences for mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I and nuclear ribosomal 28S genes. Our ingroup included 23 Choristoneura species‐level taxa, complemented by a large sample of outgroups comprising 82 species of Archipini and other Tortricidae. We generated a time‐calibrated tree using fossil and secondary calibrations and we inferred biogeographic and diversification processes in Choristoneura. Our analysis recovered the genus as polyphyletic, with Archips occidentalis, Choristoneura simonyi and Choristoneura evanidana excluded from the main clade. Based on the recovered phylogenies and a redefinition, we restrict Choristoneura primarily to species with a northern hemisphere distribution. Our analysis supports A. occidentalis as the sister group of Cacoecimorpha pronubana, C. simonyi as the sister of 'Xenotemna' pallorana, and C. evanidana as the sister of Archips purpurana. A new combination is proposed: Archips evanidana comb.n.; the availability of 'Xenotemna' as a valid name is discussed and A. occidentalis is considered as an orphaned name within the Archipini. We found support for a Holarctic origin of Choristoneura about 23 Ma, followed by early divergence in the Palearctic region. The main divergence occurred at 16 Ma, with one clade in the Nearctic and another in the Palearctic. Subsequent cladogenetic events were synchronous and related to herbivorous specialization, with each clade divided into coniferophagous and polyphagous lineages. Their specialization as conifer feeders temporally matched the expansion of boreal forest during the Miocene.


The study assessed the profitability of growing fluted pumpkin on commercial scale in Ikorodu Local Government Area (ILGA).To achieve this, primary data were obtained from a sample of 100 fluted pumpkin farmers selected by multi-staged sampling from four Local Council Development Areas in the Local Government. Since farmers practice both rain-fed and irrigated farming, data were collected to assess the most profitable practice for growing this vegetable on commercial basis. Data were analyzed using frequency distribution, percentages, means, gross margin, net profit, benefit-cost and Shepherd-Future analyses, and exponential regression model of combined profit function for irrigation and rain-fed systems. Results showed that fluted pumpkin farming was equally undertaken by both male and female mostly between 41-50 years old, with no formal education and average family size of 6 per household. Further, analysis showed net profit of ₦380,150 and ₦207,150; economic efficiencies of 36.64 per cent and 28.57 per cent; and benefit-cost ratios of 2.7 and 3 for rain-fed and dry season/irrigated practice respectively. Farm size and level of education have positive correlation while age and costs of fertilizer, labour and planting materials were negatively related to farmer's profit at 1% and 5% significant level. Needless for farmers to invest in irrigation for fluted pumpkin production. Also, increased access to land, fertilizers and improved seeds would promote profitability and commercialization of fluted pumpkin enterprises in Nigeria. [Olowa OW, Olowa OA. Assessment of Economic Viability of Fluted Pumpkin Farming in Ikorodu LGA, Lagos State. World Rural Observ 2016;8(1):3-8]. ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online). http://www.sciencepub.net/rural. 2. doi:10.7537/marswro08011602.


The records concerning land granting and ownership in old Ontario (1791–1867)
are of varying quality. Those dealing with property before patenting are often
episodic and incomplete, and are consequently ill-suited for systematic study. Those
relating to property after patenting are far more comprehensive. For the latter,
researchers have typically consulted the Abstract Indexes to Deeds, but these do not
always contain all the information they promise. In such instances researchers
might be better advised to consult the relatively little-known Copy Books.


Morphologies of Si surfaces treated with aqueous solutions of hydrofluoric acid (HF) and ammonium fluoride (NH4F) have been investigated using surface infrared spectroscopy. We confirm that HF‐treated Si(111) surfaces are terminated with a monohydride (Si—H), dihydride (Si—H2), and trihydride (Si–H3), whereas NH4F‐treated Si(111) surfaces are dominantly terminated with Si—H. For Si(100), treatment in NH4F produces a surface for which the dihydride mode is enhanced compared to HF treatment, suggesting that surface Si—Si bonds on Si(100) are readily cleaved in a NH4F solution to generate a dihydride Si. The effect of varying the HF concentration on the morphology of HF‐treated Si(100) surfaces is investigated. It is demonstrated that 5% HF treatment produces Si(100) surfaces which have a larger density of surface Si—Si bonds than 50% HF or 0.5% HF treatment.


If you are small, smells are a good way to stand out. Soil microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi, produce an array of pleasant or repelling odors, also known as volatile compounds. These compounds can easily travel through the abundant air- and water-filled pockets of the soil, mediating interaction and communication amongst physically separated microorganisms. Hence, volatiles play important roles in the microbial world. In this PhD thesis I explored how bacteria and fungi use volatiles to communicate with each other and studied the underlying mechanisms of such volatile dialogues. Fungal volatiles, in particular terpenes, showed to affect the ability of bacteria to move. But not only that; being exposed to a terpene-producing plant-pathogenic fungus, a beneficial bacterium started to produce its own terpenes. It is still unclear how often these dialogues take place with other microorganisms and plants. But since there are billions of other microorganisms, of which many have the genetic repertoire to produce terpenes, it seems likely that "terpene" is the most spoken language belowground. Thus, this thesis sets the basis for future research on microbe-microbe and plant-microbe interactions and, by understanding their ecological roles, for developments towards sustainable solutions for crop welfare.


With the ARIMA forecasting model,which has the perfect linear fitting capability,and support vector machine(SVM),which possesses the characteristics of strong nonlinear fitting,based on the combination of ARIMA forecast and SVM,a new method of combination forecasting is put forward in this paper.The prediction performances of the method are tested on simulation experiment of inertia device fault prediction.The result shows that the combination model has better accuracy than the single forecasting and it is an effective method for the fault prediction of inertia device.


To counteract spoofing attacks, the majority of recent approaches to face spoofing attack detection formulate the problem as a binary classification task in which real data and attack-accesses are both used to train spoofing detectors. Although the classical training framework has been demonstrated to deliver satisfactory results, its robustness to unseen attacks is debatable. Inspired by the recent success of anomaly detection models in face spoofing detection, we propose an ensemble of one-class classifiers fused by a Stacking ensemble method to reduce the generalisation error in the more realistic unseen attack scenario. To be consistent with this scenario, anomalous samples are considered neither for training the component anomaly classifiers nor for the design of the Stacking ensemble. To achieve better face-anti spoofing results, we adopt client-specific information to build both constituent classifiers as well as the Stacking combiner. Besides, we propose a novel 2-stage Genetic Algorithm to further improve the generalisation performance of Stacking ensemble. We evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed systems on publicly available face anti-spoofing databases including Replay-Attack, Replay-Mobile and Rose-Youtu. The experimental results following the unseen attack evaluation protocol confirm the merits of the proposed model.


Explicit integrators have found common use in Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations because they are easy to implement and work well under many conditions. However, in other classical mechanics applications that require the numerical solution of the equations of motion for complex systems, explicit methods have encountered major difficulties. In these cases, the state of the art relies on implicit methods, which are stable under large time steps and therefore can be used to decrease the number of integration steps necessay for a simulation. This in turn results in an overall reduction of CPU time that opens the door to an increase in the dimension of the problem that can be considered. The premise of this work is that numerical methods that are suitable for efficient simulation of mechanical systems will lead to significant gains when used in MD. The goal of the proposed work is to investigate this assumption by comparing in terms of accuracy and efficiency the Hilber-Hughes-Taylor (HHT) integrator against current explicit MD integrators for a set of two benchmark problems.Copyright © 2007 by ASME


Stratification in isothermal ice slurry pipe flow was investigated. A computational model which includes the shearinduced particle migration and the hindered settling was developed. The model, together with flow equations, was employed to calculate the flow patterns and particle concentration distributions in the ice slurry pipe flow. The effects of ice concentration on local ice concentration and velocity profiles were predicted. The model captures the trends found in experimental investigations.


The purpose of the study was to determine the amount of Palm Kernel Oil (PKO) extracted from a packed bed of palm kernels in a supercritical fluid extractor using supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) as an environmental friendly solvent. Further, the study sought to ascertain the values of the overall mass transfer coefficient (K) of PKO evaluation through a mass transfer model, at constant temperature of 50 C, 60 C, and 70 C and pressures range from 27.6 MPa, 34.5 MPa, 41.4 MPa and 48.3 MPa respectively. Finally, the study also seeks to demonstrate the application of the overall mass transfer coefficient values in relation to temperature and pressure. The overall mass transfer coefficient was found to be dependent pressure at each constant temperature of 50 C, 60 C and 70 C. The overall mass transfer coefficient for PKO in a packed bed of palm kernels was found to be in the range of 1.21X 10 m min to 1.72 X 10 m min for a constant temperature of 50 C and in the range of 2.02 X 10 m min to 2.43 X 10 m min for a constant temperature of 60 C. Similar increasing trend of the overall mass transfer coefficient from 1.77 X 10 m min to 3.64 X 10 m min was also observed at constant temperature of 70 C within the same pressure range from 27.6 MPa to 48.3 MPa. Keywords—Overall Mass Transfer Coefficient (D), Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (SC-CO2), Palm Kernel Oil (PKO).


A client is an individual who is utilising one or added services offered by banks. A client is a one in the course of whom the banks acquire a chance to create an income in return to the service they give the client. Every bank always tries to maximise the satisfaction of their consumers by providing customised service and product. Everything in banking business depends on how well the bank product and services gives high degree of satisfaction to customers. Product and services that are offered must satisfy customer requirements at an affordable price. With regard to the service market, the best way of advertisement is word of mouth by customers that give popularity to services. A satisfied customer thus becomes hub to connect new customers to a bank. Internet banking permits clients to carry out monetary dealings on a protected website run by their retail or implicit bank. Only the customer belonging to the particular Bank can be allowed to operate his account through online banking. User ID & Password will be provided by the Bank to their customer to operate the online banking facility.


The emergence of electric buses (EBs) is expected to alleviate traffic pollution. However, the promotion of EBs requires a long transition period; during this period, EBs cannot wholly replace conventional buses (CBs). In addition, compared with CBs, EBs have long charging times and short cruising ranges, resulting in short operating times being available for the scheduling process. Therefore, to effectively schedule EBs and CBs, we propose a joint optimal scheduling model for a mixed bus fleet under micro driving conditions. First, we estimate the bus trip time under micro driving conditions. To ensure that all bus transportation tasks can be executed as planned, we propose a buffer time setting method for bus transportation tasks. On this basis, we construct an optimization model, which is used for the joint optimal scheduling of EBs and CBs under different mixing rates. A heuristic procedure based on the genetic algorithm is designed to solve the model. The proposed methodology is validated based on data from Beijing Public Transport, China. The results show that the proposed model considering micro driving conditions is superior to the conventional model in terms of rationality and reliability.


Background: Patients scheduled for spinal surgery often experience long duration of pain, which may influence the pain-regulation system, function and health and have an impact on post-surgery outc ...


Digital still camera, which is suitable for telecommunication in a cordless or wireless telephone system, comprising: a transducer device (10) which converts an image into a digital image signal, which includes a frame having a first number of pixels; a memory (29) stores at least a special phone number that corresponds to a remote device which is able to receive a frame signal having a second number of pixels; a modification unit (41) which modifies the digital image signal into an electromagnetic signal corresponding to the telephone system; a reduction device (42), which reduces the number of pixels of the by the transducer device (10) the converted image frame in the second number of pixels, to form an electromagnetic signal that contains a single image with the second number of pixels; a transfer device (11) which transmits the electromagnetic signal, which has been formed by the modification unit (41); and a control device (43) which operates the reduction device (42) if the phone number, ...


The objective of the current study was to evaluate chemical composition and degradation characteristics for eight forages harvested in July from the Tibetan plateau of China. Duplicate bags containing 2 g of forage species were incubated in the rumen of six ruminally cannulated Tibet Peng-Po sheep for 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h. Significant differences were observed in degradation kinetics and effective degradability values of the different forages. The rapid degradable value and potential degradability for dry matter (DM) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) in Lagotis humilis was higher (P<0.01) than for the other forages. Carex satakeana had the most rapidly degradable crude protein (CP) fraction of all forages tested and Elymus nutans had the highest potential degradability of CP. L.humilis, C.satakeana and E.nutans had high effective degradability of DM and CP indicated their high quality as ruminal forage in cold areas of Tibet.


In this paper, we consider the -product on function space introduced in Chang et al. [A new approach method to obtain the generalized analytic Fourier–Feynman transform. Integr Transf Spec Funct. 2018;29:745–760]. We then obtain various integration formulas involving the -product and the first variation. Finally, we have relationships between the -product and the generalized integral transforms.


In this paper, we use a time synchronization technique called Flooding Time Synchronization Protocol (FTSP), which enables all nodes in the WSNs to operate in a highly precise environment, reducing clock offset caused by long-term operation. However, the frequent execution of time synchronization techniques may lead to excessive power consumption, ultimately resulting in system failure due to limited energy resources. To address these issues, we designed a system architecture and employed the DS1342 as a replacement for the internal sleep timer of the CC2530 microcontroller, aiming to reduce the overall system energy consumption. We employed the low-power ZigBee wireless communication protocol for transmitting the time synchronization packets among the nodes and measured the power consumption between sleep and active modes at specific time intervals. The experimental results demonstrated that the FTSP scheme successfully improved the time accuracy of the nodes and prevented clock offset from expanding outward. Additionally, our proposed system architecture and approach ensured ultra-low power consumption while running the time synchronization technique.


The paper is devoted to historical and philosophical analysis of the patterns of conceptual representation in the theoretical models of scientific cognition which not only rely on Marx's construal of systemic effects, but also imply some new contexts. The umbrella term "systemic effects" implies a peculiar mode of action of whatever complex system that cannot be explained by referring to the theoretical model of the linear cause-effect relationships between the elements and should be interpreted as the consequence of a certain degree of complexity of the system itself. Marx did not develop the original idea of representation as an explicit and complete theory, but he introduced the methodology of the analysis of the systemic effects that can be applied to the analysis of representation to wide extent. It is pointed out that the scientific cognition issued the challenge of reliable representations for the object domain and they tended to take the shape of conceptual models. The representation, being generally the substitution of one entity for another, is considered as an aspect of pervasive social symbolization that occurs against a background of systemic effects in exactly the same way as the economic processes. It is concluded that just modified Marx's stance became essential for the consideration of the forms of abstractive thinking, the formation of concepts, and the representational models both in general and in respect to specific problems of epistemology and philosophy of science.


Objective: Debriefs (or "after-action reviews") are increasingly used in training and work environments as a means of learning from experience. We sought to unify a fragmented literature and assess the efficacy of debriefs with a quantitative review. Background: Used by the U.S. Army to improve performance for decades, and increasingly in medical, aviation, and other communities, debriefs systematize reflection, discussion, and goal setting to promote experiential learning. Unfortunately, research and theory on debriefing has been spread across diverse disciplines, so it has been difficult to definitively ascertain debriefing effectiveness and how to enhance its effectiveness. Method: We conducted an extensive quantitative meta-analysis across a diverse body of published and unpublished research on team- and individual-level debriefs. Results: Findings from 46 samples (N = 2,136) indicate that on average, debriefs improve effectiveness over a control group by approximately 25% (d = .67). Average effect sizes were similar for teams and individuals, across simulated and real settings, for within- or between-group control designs, and for medical and nonmedical samples. Meta-analytic methods revealed a bolstering effect of alignment and the potential impact of facilitation and structure. Conclusion: Organizations can improve individual and team performance by approximately 20% to 25% by using properly conducted debriefs. Application: Debriefs are a relatively inexpensive and quick intervention for enhancing performance. Our results lend support for continued and expanded use of debriefing in training and in situ. To gain maximum results, it is important to ensure alignment between participants, focus and intent, and level of measurement.


On the grounds of the libertarian ethics presented by Murray N. Rothbard, the
state is an institution which acts against individuals and whole societies. The state
steals money from its citizens (taxes), stands in the way of free market development
and controls the economy, thus hindering entrepreneurship. Besides that, the
state – through its rules and regulations – limits every man's right to make moral
choices. The state is an immoral institution, therefore its citizens have the right to
refuse to pay taxes, follow orders, and even – in some circumstances – corrupt
civil servants. In this paper we analyse Rothbard's ethics and look into the arguments
of critics of libertarian thought. Practical social and economic solutions that
emerge from Rothbard's point of view are also considered.


Groundwater is not a nutrient-rich environment for microorganisms to grow and thrive, but it is polluted by many environmental factors. These nutrients can exceed the permissible levels in drinking water and can be a reason for spreading highly infectious diseases in the population. Therefore, there is a need to monitor the quality of water from deep wells in ger areas, to study certain correlations, to prevent people from various infectious diseases, to protect the environment, to use water resources properly, and to provide citizens with accurate information on drinking water. Within the framework of the study, samples were taken from 135 deep wells used for drinking and household purposes in the Bayanzurkh, Bayangol, and Sukhbaatar districts of Ulaanbaatar city. The water quality was analyzed for some hydrochemical (NO3 ) and six main microbiological parameters. Due to microbiological parameters, 42 samples (30.6%) from the surveyed deep wells did not meet the requirements of MNS 0900:2018, the national drinking water standard of Mongolia, and 31 samples (21.9%) exceeded the nitrate ion content described in above the standard. In the Bayangol district, 88% of the surveyed sources found that the number of bacterial contaminants in 100 mL of water exceeded the limit. But in the Sukhbaatar district's summer camp region which is a relatively low populated area was shown a relatively low level of microbiological contamination and nutrient pollution compared to the permissible level in water samples. According to correlation studies, the nitrate ion concentrations of 12.6% samples over the permissible value (more than 50 mg/L) and high level of bacterial contamination in drinking water, showed a weak correlation.


Carbon nanotube/silicon (CNT/Si) heterojunction solar cells represent one new architecture for photovoltaic devices. The addition of MoS to the devices is shown to increase the efficiency of the devices. Two structures are explored. In one case, the single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and MoS flakes are mixed to make a hybrid, which is then used to make a film, while in the other case, a two layer system is used with the MoS deposited first followed by the SWCNTs. In all cases, the solar cell efficiency is improved largely due to significant increases in the fill factor. The rise in fill factor is due to the semiconducting nature of the MoS, which helps with the separation of charge carriers.


Based on the controlled source model of coupling induction in the sinusoidal altertnating current circuit,the complex power of coupling induction in the series connection and parallel connection induction winding and air transformer is analysed.The translation relationship between source and power is discussed.


This paper reports the design of a low loss, small size, and low cost dual balun for quad band GSM application. The balun was initially designed on a GaAs substrate for wirebond applications [1], and further design optimizations were conducted on a typical SiGe substrate and on high resistivity Si substrates to implement the balun fabrication in a conventional Si fab. The finalized balun using high resistivity Si substrates fabricated in Si fab, was used on a quad band GSM/EDGE transceiver module and on a WCDMA/EDGE transceiver module. These baluns on 8 inch Si wafers were bumped and flip chip assembled to the module substrates, which eliminated the conventional die attach and wirebond process. Flip chip assembly further decreases the form factor of the module. The designed flip chip balun on Si has comparable performance as the balun designed on GaAs substrate [1], with further size reduction by flip chip assembly.


We present results from optical narrow-band (λc = 8150 Å and ∆λ = 120 Å) observations of the Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey (GOODS) fields, using Suprime-Cam on the Subaru Telescope. Using these narrow-band data, we then perform a survey of Lyman α Emitters (LAEs) at z ∼ 5.7. The LAE survey covers an area of ≈ 320 arcmin and a co-moving volume of ≃ 8.0 × 10 Mpc. We found a total of 10 (GOODS-N) and 4 (GOODS-S) LAE candidates at z ∼ 5.7. We perform a study of the spatial distribution, space density, and star formation properties of the LAEs at z ∼ 5.7. Subject headings: cosmology: observations — cosmology: early universe — galaxies: formation — galaxies: evolution


The most luminous Christian socialist in American history was Dorothy Day (1897–1980), founder of the Catholic Worker movement, editor of its pacifist newspaper, and long-time resident of its New York House of Hospitality. What she lacked in practicality she made up in personal magnetism, inspiring young disciples from the Great Depression to the Vietnam-era antiwar movement. Her story is well told in a biography by John Loughery and Blythe Randolph. She is also prominent in Vaneesa Cook's survey of other Christian socialists of the mid-twentieth century, including A. J. Muste, Sherwood Eddy, Staughton Lynd, and Pauli Murray. Cook's thorough survey is weakened by the omission of Michael Harrington and the odd inclusion of Dwight Macdonald and Irving Howe, who do not belong there.


This research provides empirical evidence of the effect of fiscal decentralization on poverty alleviation and used data from 505 districts/cities in Indonesia from 2010 to 2019. The poverty rate is used as an indicator to measure the social condition of the area with the parameter of the percentage of the total population below the poverty line, while the fiscal decentralization indicator uses approach to the size of the ratio of PAD to total regional income and expenditure. The estimated results used the fixed effect model shows that fiscal decentralization have significant role to reduce the level of poverty in districts/cities nationally. From this estimation result, the recommended policy formulation is pro-poor fiscal decentralization through strengthening regional financial capacity, both optimizing Original Local Government Revenue (PAD), allocating Transfer Funds to Regions that are specific grants, improving the quality of spending and regional financial management, as well as mechanisms monitoring - better evaluation. In addition, the effectiveness and efficiency of regional government policies in dealing with socio-economic issues such as unemployment and growth population must also be considered.


In this paper, an attempt is made to construct a Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker model in $f(R,T)$ gravity with a perfect fluid that yields acceleration at late times. We take $f(R,T)$ as $R$ + $8\pi \mu T$. As in the $\Lambda$CDM model, we take the matter to consist of two components, viz., $\Omega_m$ and $\Omega_{\mu}$ such that $\Omega_m$ + $\Omega_{\mu}$=1. The parameter $\Omega_m$ is the matter density (baryons + dark matter), and $\Omega_{\mu}$ is the density associated with the Ricci scalar $R$ and the trace $T$ of the energy momentum tensor, which we shall call dominant matter. We find that at present $\Omega_{\mu}$ is dominant over $\Omega_m$, and that the two are in the ratio 3:1 to 3:2 according to the three data sets: (i) 77 Hubble OHD data set (ii) 580 SNIa supernova distance modulus data set and (iii) 66 pantheon SNIa data which include high red shift data in the range $0\leq z\leq 2.36$. We have also calculated the pressures and densities associated with the two matter densities, viz., $p_{\mu}$, $\rho_{\mu}$, $p_m$ and $\rho_m$, respectively. It is also found that at present, $\rho_{\mu}$ is greater than $\rho_m$. The negative dominant matter pressure $p_{\mu}$ creates acceleration in the universe. Our deceleration and snap parameters show a change from negative to positive, whereas the jerk parameter is always positive. This means that the universe is at present accelerating and in the past it was decelerating. State finder diagnostics indicate that our model is at present a dark energy quintessence model. The various other physical and geometric properties of the model are also discussed.


Aims: The study focused on assessing the impact of applying phosphorus and nitrogen fertilizers on maize yield in the Greenbelt zone of South Sudan, where nutrient deficiencies often limit crop growth.
Study Design: Field experiments involved a 4 x 4 x 4 factorial experiments in a randomized complete block design. The field experiment was conducted in Sakure and Nginda Payams in Nzara and Yambio Counties respectively, between August 2020 and January 2022.
Methodology: The treatments involved Triple Super Phosphate (TSP, 0-46-0) applied at 20, 40 and 60 kg P ha -1 without N, Urea (46% N) applied at 40, 80 and 120 kg N ha-1 without P, combinations of each level of P with varying levels of N and an absolute control (P0N0). Maize variety was an open pollinated called NARD 1. Plot size was 16 m2, all maize plant above ground was harvested in a net plot (8.5 m2) after 120 days.
Results: The average maize yield in response to applied fertilizer P and N in the three sites was 4.7 t ha-1 an increase of about 62 % over the control (2.9 t ha-1), and was statistically significantly at P = .05
Conclusion: 20 kg P ha-1 and 120 kg N ha-1 rates were profitable and therefore were recommended as optimum application rates that can contribute to food security and economic progress in the area. However, more research is recommended to establish long-term fertilizer effects on maize performance, optimal application rates, and environmental considerations. The study stressed the need for diversified fertilizer research across seasons and emphasized community awareness about fertilizer benefits for sustainable maize production and farming system research.


Purpose: This observation was to report the clinical effects of acupotomy in treating lateral epicondylitis. Methods: Three patients diagnosed with lateral epicondylitis were treated with acupotomy. Two were male and one was female. The improvement of symptom were evaluated by visual analog scale (VAS) and self-consciousness symptoms of Cozen test. Results: After one treatments, patient`s chief complaint and the pain near the lateral epicondyle while cozen test were notably improved. Conclusions : This study demonstrates that oriental medical treatment with acuputomy therapy has significant effect in improving symptoms of lateral epicondylitis. As though we had not wide experienced in this treatment, more research is needed.


AbstractThis paper pursues an approach for the construction of smooth surfaces for geometric modeling and computer graphics (often referred to as lofting) that starts from a network of polygons representing a set of intersecting curves. The contribution of this paper is in (1) a new method for transforming the initial set of polygons to an equivalent set of polygonal complexes and (2) a new skinning algorithm that adds more vertices and edges thus completing the formation of the control polyhedron. When subdivided, this polyhedron converges on a smooth surface interpolating the initial set of input curves. The resulting surface is C2, except at points where the initial curves meet, where it is at least C1. The approach is modular, easy to understand and implement.


The current-carrying capability of dc lines is limited by their thermal and electric stress limits. Thus, the line current must be maintained within the permissible operational region to protect the lines from damage. In a dense dc grid, control over each line current cannot be achieved without including additional control devices. In this paper, a dual H-bridge current flow controller (2B-CFC) is used to manage the dc grid line power flow by providing dc voltage compensation in series with dc lines. A centralized hierarchical control system is proposed to coordinate the operation between multiple CFCs. A novel voltage-sharing control scheme is demonstrated. It is shown that such a scheme reduces the workload on a single CFC by sharing the required control voltage between multiple CFCs, and, in addition, can be used to avoid control conflicts among active CFCs during communication failure. An experimental platform consisting of a three-terminal dc grid and small-scale 2B-CFC prototypes has been developed to validate the concepts. For completeness, the CFC performance has been analyzed for overload conditions and when no communication exists. Small-scale dc circuit breakers have been developed to study the CFC performance under a pole-to-pole fault.


Reducing the weight of car body and increasing the crashworthiness capability of car body are two important objectives of car design. In this paper, a multi-objective optimization for optimal composite hat-shape energy absorption system is presented At the first, the behaviors of the hat shape under impact, as simplified model of side member of a vehicle body, are studied by the finite element method using commercial software ABAQUS. Two meta-models based on the evolved group method of data handling (GMDH) type neural networks are then achieved for modeling of both the absorbed energy (E) and the Tsai-Hill Failure Criterion (TS) with respect to geometrical design variables using those training and testing data obtained models. The obtained polynomial neural meta-models are finally used in a multi-objective optimum design procedure using NSGA-II with a new diversity preserving mechanism for Pareto based optimization of hat-shape. Two conflicting objectives such as maximizing the energy absorption capability (E), minimizing the Tsai-Hill Failure Criterion are considered in this work.© 2010 ASME


We consider the strong solution of the 2D Navier–Stokes equations in a torus subject to an additive noise. We implement a fully implicit time numerical scheme and a finite element method in space. We prove that the space-time rate of convergence is the "optimal" one, namely, [Formula: see text] in time and 1 in space. Let us mention that the coefficient [Formula: see text] is equal to the time regularity of the solution with values in [Formula: see text]. Our method relies on the existence of finite exponential moments for both the solution and its time approximation. Unlike previous results, our main new idea is the use of a discrete Grönwall lemma for the error estimate without any localization.


This paper discusses an existence result for energetic solutions of rate‐independent damage processes and the temporal regularity of the solution. We consider a body consisting of a physically nonlinearly elastic material undergoing small deformations and partial damage. The present work is a generalization of [16] concerning the properties of the stored elastic energy density as well as the suitable Sobolev space for the damage variable: While previous work assumes that the damage variable z satisfies z in W1, r(Ω) with r > d for Ω ⊂ ℝd, we can handle the case r > 1 by a new technique for the construction of joint recovery sequences. Moreover, this work generalizes the temporal regularity results to physically nonlinearly elastic materials by analyzing Lipschitz‐ and Hölder‐continuity of solutions with respect to time.


Malaria cannot be reduced without anti-larval control. Most of the facts given in this compilation have already been published in articles which have been summarized in this Bulletin. The paper was prepared as a part of the program of Malaria Investigations, Bureau of Other CABI sites  Science, Manila, of which the author is chief, and which is jointly supported by the Bureau and by the International Health Division of the Rockefeller Foundation. The study is limited to the years 1898-1933, which constitute the American epoch in the islands time, research studies in tropical medicine had been practically nonexistent, microscopes were rare, and nothing was known about the mosquitoes. It appears that malaria was indigenous when Magellan came in 1521, but that it was rarely as deadly as in Malay Peninsula. From 1898 until 1903, the admission rates for malaria among American white troops were between 450 and 750 per mille; from 1904 to 1908 they were between 200 and 300; from 1909 to 1913, they were between 86 and 186; from 1924 to 1928 they were between 13 and 32. Improved mosquito nets and the strictness with which their use was enforced appear to have been important factors in this reduction of malaria in the army. "From Lippincott, first to advocate nets as a protection against malaria, and Whitmore first to incriminate the stream-breeding anopheles, to the present excellent malaria-control programme at Fort Stotzenburg, the Army's record has been one of outstanding achievement." WHITMORE in 1904 found 30 per cent. of the streambreeding"Myzomyia funesta" (? minimus) infected with malaria. Before this it was supposed that all malaria-carrying anopheles bred in swamps. MANALANG considers that the local minimus is identical with A. funestus but, according to KING, the funestusminimus subgroup of the Philippines is made up of (1) A. filipinae Manalang 1930, (2) mangyanus Banks 1906, (3) A. minimus Ludlow. In 1913, arrangements were made for the sale of quinine at a very low rate, it was also distributed free of charge, but, in 1915, after millions of tablets had been distributed, the Health Service reported that it had been a failure. MANALANG, however, still advocates "quininization or, better still, the use of plasmoquine compounds" because he considers Paris green ineffective. The author does not agree with this opinion, "all available evidence indicates that drug control of malaria is as impossible from a practical standpoint in the Philippines as elsewhere. Moreover, it is very expensive, not only in the cost of drugs but also in salaries of those who must distribute it dose by dose. . . . But in many places throughout the Islands, Paris green control is thoroughly feasible. . . . In Calauan between 1924 and 1926,. . . the reduction in hospital costs alone was ten times greater than the actual cost of malaria control by Paris green. . . . Mosquito nets, therapeutic drugs (that is, quinine, chinoplasmin, and atabrine), and an attack on the larvae of the minimus subgroup will gradually subdue this disease in the Philippines. There is no evidence that without larval control malaria rates can be lowered much below their present level in these Islands. Paris green is the cheapest and most effective larvicide." The following insecticide spray has been found most useful; mix together and shake frequently 60 grams of fresh powdered pyrethrum and 120 cc. of chloroform through a Buchner funnel and add 1, 000 cc. kerosene to the filtrate. ' ' There is no evidence at all that bats, larvivorous fish, clover, Chara, or cannibalistic larvae have had or Record Number : 19352900166 Language of text : not specified Language of summary : not specified Indexing terms for this abstract: Organism descriptor(s) : Anopheles funestus, Anopheles mangyanus, Anopheles minimus Chiroptera, Culicidae, man, Plasmodium, Protozoa Descriptor(s) : antimalarials, antiprotozoal agents, arsenicals, bibliographies, chloroform copper acetoarsenite, health services, human diseases, infections, islands, kerosene malaria, marshes, mepacrine, military personnel, mosquito nets, natural enemies larvicides, parasites, parasitoses, pesticides, predators, protozoal infections, pyrethrins soldiers, swamps, tropical medicine, wetlands Identifier(s) : arsenic compounds, Jawa, larvivorous fishes, marshlands, mosquitoes, pamaquine, parasitic diseases, parasitic infestations, parasitosis, paris green, protozoal diseases, quinacrine, West Malaysia Geographical Location(s) : Indonesia, Java, Malaysia, Peninsular Malaysia, Philippines Broader term(s) : Anopheles, Culicidae, Diptera, insects, Hexapoda, arthropods, invertebrates animals, eukaryotes, mammals, vertebrates, Chordata, Plasmodiidae, Haemospororida Apicomplexa, Protozoa, Homo, Hominidae, primates, APEC countries, ASEAN Countries Developing Countries, South East Asia, Asia, Indonesia, Commonwealth of Nations Countries, Malaysia could have any virtue in the control of malaria in the Philippines." Keys for the identification of the adults and larvae of the Philippine anopheles are published with this paper in the form of two large charts. W. F..


We present improved bounds on the CP-violating phase {beta}{sub s}{sup J/{psi}{phi}} and on the decay-width difference {Delta}{Lambda} of the neutral B{sub s}{sup 0} meson system obtained by the CDF experiment at the Tevatron collider. We use 6500 B{sub s}{sup 0} {yields} J/{psi}{phi} decays collected by the dimuon trigger and reconstructed in a sample corresponding to integrated luminosity of 5.2 fb{sup -1}. Besides exploiting a two-fold increase in statistics with respect to the previous measurement, several improvements have been introduced in the analysis including a fully data-driven flavour-tagging calibration and proper treatment of possible S-wave contributions.


A report on the completion of the online catalogue of the Hodgson collection in the British Library, including a biography of Brian Houghton Hodgson (1901-94).


Visual representations are defined in terms of minimal sufficient statistics of visual data, for a class of tasks, that are also invariant to nuisance variability. Minimal sufficiency guarantees that we can store a representation in lieu of raw data with smallest complexity and no performance loss on the task at hand. Invariance guarantees that the statistic is constant with respect to uninformative transformations of the data. We derive analytical expressions for such representations and show that they are related to "feature descriptors" commonly in use in computer vision, as well as to convolutional architectures. This link highlights the conditions tacitly assumed by these methods and suggests ways to improve and generalize them. This new interpretation draws connections to the classical theories of sampling, hypothesis testing and group invariance. The Supplementary Material empirically explores connections to generative modeling and perceptual organization.


This paper analyzes the status of cost control in ship enterprise,proposes the management model and measures of double cost control standards.


We present the first results of the magnetic field dependence of the longitudinal nuclear magnetic relaxation of anion-cation pair of ionic liquids (Li + -ionogels) confined within a silica-like mesoporous matrices designed for lithium batteries. These results are in favour of a very-correlated dynamical motion of the anion-cation pair within the solid and disordered silica matrix.


As part of a larger study, sixty-three "hard-core" juvenile offenders were interviewed in Cordoba, Argentina, concerning the nature and characteristics of their gangs. The delinquents discussed their activities quite freely. These gangs were relatively small; many did not have a clearly established leader; and membership was generally open to any boy who was vouched for and who engaged in the group's activities. The gangs supported subcultures which included deviant activities, argots, strong interests in sports, and fighting with boys from other neighbor hoods. The most frequent lawbreaking activity was theft. Most stolen items were used or sold and the proceeds were spent on movies, drinking, and girls. This pattern can be called the instrumental-theft subculture. In comparison with U.S. delin quent subcultures it was found that: Cordoba's gangs did not engage in vandalism or stealing for nonutilitarian reasons. There was little contact with adult criminals. Fighting was only one of many gang activities and conflict was not an end in itself. Drug use was virtually absent. In short, the theoretical formulations developed in the United States by American students of delin quency do not seem to describe the gangs under study.


The article presents the methodology of adaptive physical training directed on development of the rhythm of motor actions among the preschool children with delay of mental development. The structural methodology model of adaptive physical training for the preschool children with delay of mental development based on the motor rhythmic abilities has been developed. The positive effect of application of author's methods is confirmed by pedagogical experiment.


The title of Edith Brayer's important paper 'Catalogue des textes liturgiques et des petits genres religeux' is omitted on p. 39 and in the bibliography. The reader may evaluate the omissions: no. 1, add FDTMA, 1, no. 3473 and III, p. 10 (3 other mss. and the A.N. origin cast into doubt); 2, PS, pp. 98-9 (new light by Ruth Dean on this poem); 4, Ker, Facsimile; 6, PS, p. 33 (another ms.); 8, ed. by R6zeau, II, pp. 321-2; 9, PS, p. 98 (new mss., varied prosody weakens comments on structure); 10, FDTMA, I, no. 2470 (3 new mss.); 19, the eds do not refer to the scribe's tide turris sapientie, cf. PS, p. 119, how is a Pater Noster accommodated in such an edifice?; 23, the commentary on the rarity of the hymn Veni creator spiritus (p. 115) needs revising in the light of the discovery of ten other renderings (FDTMA, I, nos 3567, 3569, 3838, II, nos 5057, 5318-21; III, nos 5677, 6317, 6811-13; 24, PS, p. 41 (Baltimore codex); 33, D. A. Trotter, Medieval French literature and the Crusades (1100-1300), Geneva 1987, p. 205-6; 34, FDTMA, I, no. 3489; 35, PS, p. 29, it is important to state that this text is derived from a Latin original occurring in Books of Hours; 37, Sonet, no. 1732; 39, Sonet no. 373 and J. C. Russell, Dictionary of 13th C. Writers, London 1936, p. 148; 43, Ker, Facsimile. In the matter of translations, the proverb selection (no. 42) has been rendered notionally, e.g. 'Life teaches more than the book' is far off the mark for Meus vaut nature qe noreture, which I would translate 'Nature is stronger than nurture'. The remaining fifty-one renderings are for the most part satisfactory, but I find the following unacceptable: pp. 33/42 pris = 'price', read 'worth'; p. 49/1 sire = 'sir', to be omitted in English since we do not address saints as 'Sir' or 'Sire'; pp. 52/5 sauve sa virginite is a nominative absolute and cannot be related to an act by God 'preserving the virginity of the maiden', read 'her virginity intact'; pp. 118/4 venge a perdicioun, from venir which is far removed from 'condemn', read 'come to ruin'; pp. 146/46 counte were never 'dukes', read 'counts' and so preserve the punning around the verbs 'account' and 'count'; pp. 205/11 carson is not 'carson' but 'watercress'. I hesitate to recommend that this volume be put in the bands of students. K.V. Sinclair Emeritus Professor of French James Cook University


For classical and quantum estimation with finite data sets, the estimation error can deviate significantly from its asymptotic (large data set) behavior. In quantum state tomography, a major reason for this is the existence of a boundary in the parameter space imposed by constraints, such as the positive semidefiniteness of density matrices. Intuitively, we should be able to reduce the estimation error by using our knowledge of these constraints. This intuition is correct for maximumlikelihood estimators, but the size of the reduction has not been evaluated quantitatively. In this proceeding, we evaluate the improvement in one qubit state tomography by using mathematical tools in classical statistical estimation theory. In particular, we show that the effect of the reduction decreases exponentially with respect to the number of data sets when the true state is mixed, and it remains at arbitrarily large data set when the true state is pure.


We examine the photonic spin Hall effect (SHE) in a graphene-substrate system with the presence of external magnetic field. In the quantum Hall regime, we demonstrate that the in-plane and transverse spin-dependent splittings in photonic SHE exhibit different quantized behaviors. The quantized SHE can be described as a consequence of a quantized geometric phase (Berry phase), which corresponds to the quantized spin-orbit interaction. Furthermore, an experimental scheme based on quantum weak value amplification is proposed to detect the quantized SHE in terahertz frequency regime. By incorporating the quantum weak measurement techniques, the quantized photonic SHE holds great promise for detecting quantized Hall conductivity and Berry phase. These results may bridge the gap between the electronic SHE and photonic SHE in graphene.


In the process of the preloading, the foundation stability is calculated from one stage of filling height to next stage of filling height. According to the foundation stability the filling height and the loading time of the next stage could be given out. According to the results of Biot's consolidation theory in each filling height, the foundation stability is calculated with the total stress method considering the strength increase and the effective stress method considering the over-static water pressure. Then an useful result is that the foundation stability factors calculated by the two methods are approximate equality.


This article selects four test sites in the Pearl River Delta in China on the electric transmission line of 220 kV,in order to study the rules of insulator contamination accumulation of various landforms in the Pearl River Delta,the change of ESDD and NSDD are analyzed combining the distribution of precipitation and the urban heat island effect.According to the study: ESDD of the insulator is much easier to be affected by the rainfall than NSDD;both the rainfall and pollution source are the key factors of the insulator contamination accumulation;the highest insulator contamination will be appeared before the first rainfall of the rainy season;there are many differences of the insulator contamination accumulation rules in various landforms,the heat island effect make a great influence.


This article re-examines the lead up to the Battle of Jericho, demonstrating the impact of local espionage, and the systematized use of fear as a strategic weapon.


The key objective for this research is to understand how materials shape the outcome of craft practice to create embodied ways of making and being with technology, that supports our material existence as bodies in a more-than-human world. To achieve this, I will use a mixed-method approach consisting of ethnography, experimental lab work, as well as research-through design and making workshops. The first half of the PhD is concerned with understanding the relationship woodworkers and hand carvers have with their material as well as values connected with their work and craft process. An ethnography of woodcarvers lays the foundation for a lab experiment using a custom-built apparatus for augmenting hand carving experience. I will draw on insights gained in the first part of the PhD to develop novel processes for embodied making with machines using research-through-design methods.


In multiplicative fading channels, joint channel estimation and data detection (CE/DD) schemes cannot differentiate among certain sequences of amplitude- and/or phase-modulated (AM/PM) symbols drawn from rotationally invariant signal constellations. This paper identifies these so-called isometric sequences as the main source of performance degradation, and introduces a unifying framework that effectively solves the problem by using asymmetric signal constellations (ASC) and a normalized innovations-based detector. The encompassing nature of the solution is clearly demonstrated by showing that seemingly unrelated previous results, such as training-based solutions, can be viewed as special cases of the modulation-based solution discussed here. A comprehensive analysis, supported by simulation studies, of the relationships among modulation schemes, isometry, and detection performance is provided. Results indicate that the proposed ASC solution offers excellent performance without incurring significant complexity or reducing the transmission rate. Furthermore, it is shown to be robust in various fading rates, and for different signal constellations.


This paper presents a correlation between the certain plastic additives and newly diagnosed asthma. We studied this association by measuring the plastic additives in the indoor air of the homes of presenting patients at the Skin and Allergy hospitals, including old and new, clinically diagnosed cases of asthma and controls. A total of 465 people filled in a questionnaire that probed, for example, health complaints, illnesses, and perceived conditions of their home environment. Asthma was diagnosed in 19 patients, and had earlier been found in 31 people. Compounds commonly used in plastic flooring manufacture were found to be more prevalent and in higher concentrations in the homes of subjects having newly diagnosed asthma. When the indoor air concentration of one plastic additive (2,2,4-trimethyl-1, 3-pentanediol di-isobutyrate) was 10 μg/m 3 or greater (in Toluene equivalent), the age and sex adjusted odds ratio of having new asthma was 2.844, 95% CI 1.035—7.813.


Twenty two soybean genotypes were evaluated for the capacity of embryo initiation, differentiation, maturation and plantlet regeneration using standardized protocols. Among the genotypes, Bragg was to have high response to induction with 91.11% and average 38.40 embryos/callus mass), proliferation (89.47%) and differentiation (78.95%) however, SL 688 gave the highest maturation frequency (91.57%). Highest somatic embryogenesis germination was recorded in SL 525 (85.67%) whereas, highest survival was observed in JS 335 (82.22%). Genotype Pusa 37 gave the poor response. Fifteen genotypes which were identified as responsive were Bragg, Bragg-Palampur, Pusa 5, Pusa 12, Pusa 14, Pusa 16, Pusa 24, Pusa 40, Pusa 9814, SL 688, SL 525, SL 979, SL 958, DS 2706 and DS 2708. The study thus open up vistas for efficient transgenic plant development in soybean.


We would like to thank Dr Grosser et al1 for their continued interest in our work. While we may not agree with their arguments or their opinions of our study,2 we welcome debate in this extremely important area. We take this opportunity to address the points that they raise.

First, although urine may well be a convenient compartment within which to measure markers of prostacyclin and thromboxane A2, numerous observations,3–10 of which ours is only the latest,2 indicate that they poorly reflect production within the circulation and the reactivities of endothelial cells and platelets.

Second, the literature that Grosser et al1 cite is somewhat selective and in places inaccurate. For example, reference 3,11 which the authors cite to substantiate the statement "Most insights into the in vivo biology and pharmacology of the prostaglandin pathway have derived from the …


In the given work physical and chemical analyses of humic acids have been carried out. It has been established that humic acids - natural polymer can be used as the modifier of catalysts.


The newly opened museum holds a magnificent collection of art from India and its surrounding countries, spanning over 4,000 years.


This article explains how practitioners' briefs filed in cases law students are currently studying can be used in the classroom to enhance legal education. It provides pedagogical reasons, such as increased student interest and richer appreciation of the legal process, for why these documents should become part of the law school curriculum. It discusses the goals Roy Stuckey proposed for legal education in Best Practices for Lawyers and argues that by uniting theory with practice, the use of practitioners' briefs would help law schools attain those goals. The article provides different ways that practitioners' briefs can be used in the legal writing classroom. It gives examples of how practitioners' briefs, filed in cases students use when writing their trial briefs and appellate briefs, can be used to teach persuasive writing. It also suggests ways to use these documents in casebook classes such as Constitutional Law and Criminal Procedure. Finally, this article examines potential pitfalls in using practitioners' briefs in classes and suggests ways to avoid those pitfalls.


Objective: To construct eukaryotic expression vector of human death receptor(DR5) and transfect NS-1 cells to establish stable NS-1 cell line. Methods: The full-length DR5 cDNA fragment was amplified by RT-PCR from the human Jurkat cells and was inserted into eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.0.After the identification by digestion and sequencing on the recombinant eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.0/DR5,the recombinant was transfected into NS-1 cell by lipofectamine 2000.After screening culture by G418,stable transfected NS-1 cell line was established,and the transcription and expression of DR5 were identified by FACS. Results: The eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.0/DR5 was constructed successfully.The stable transfected NS-1 cell line was established.The DR5 protein was expressed successfully. Conclusion: The construction of the eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.0/DR5 and the establishment of stable transfected NS-1 cell line provide solid foundation for further experimental studies.