Background: Oral candidiasis is one of the common infection observed in cancer patients mainly on cytotoxic therapy and in gets invades into deeper tissues can occur if treatment is not adquate. Emergence of antifungal drug resistance is of serious concern leading to morbidity and mortality. The present study aims of finding incidence of candidiasis in oral cancer patients and their antifungal drug susceptibility. Material and methods: A total of 60 patients have been selected for this study, those were diagnosed for oral cancer from January to June 2018. The samples were taken All isolates were identified and tested for antifungal susceptibility according to CLSI guidelines 2016. Results: Out of 60 oral cancer patients, 30 samples were collected from patients before radio therapy and 30 samples were collected from patients after radio therapy. Out of 30 samples from pretreatment cases, 16 cases of Candida species were isolated and from post treatment cases, 21 cases of Candida species were obtained. Out of 16 Candida isolates from pretreatment cases, C. albicans(8), C. dubliniensis(2), C. krusei(4) and C. parapsilosis(2) were identified. Out of 21 Candida isolates from post treatment, C. dubliniensis(9), C. albicans(7), C. krusei(2) and C. glabrata(3) were further identified. Amphoterocin B was most sensitive drug for all Candida species except C. parapsilosis and Fluconazole was mostly resistant among all Candida species. Conclusion: Candida albicans was predominantly isolated from oral cancer patients and most eff ective antifungal drug was amphoterocin B and least eff ective antifungal drug was found to be fluconazole. fungal culture and anti fungal susceptibility tests are necessary for eff ective treatment. After radiotherapy Candida infection was recorded more common than that of pre radio therapy, it shows radio therapy increases the risk of local Candida infection due to immune-suppression.


Given an iterated function system of affine dilations with fixed points the vertices of a regular polygon, we characterize which points in the limit set lie on the boundary of its convex hull.


Using energy concepts, general expressions are derived that predict the vibratory response of a circuit board located inside an electronic package due to a reverberant acoustic field. The usefulness of these expressions is demonstrated in the preliminary design of electronic packages exposed to an intense acoustic field, as exemplified by the acoustic‐power output of present air/space vehicles, where cost of laboratory testing to the environmental acoustic levels becomes prohibitive and an approximate vibratory level to be obtained by a theoretical technique becomes valuable. The theoretical analysis, which also shows the effect of the various statistical parameters, was performed on a digital computer. The predicted response is compared with values obtained from an acoustic test. An airtight aluminum electronic package, loaded with circuit boards, of known physical dimensions and material properties, was suspended inside a reverberant acoustic chamber and subjected to a known acoustic‐energy input and th...


Theoretical and empirical evidences indicate that the depth of neural networks is crucial to acoustic modeling in speech recognition tasks. Unfortunately, the situation in practice always is that with the depth increasing, the accuracy gets saturated and then degrades rapidly. In this paper, a novel multidimensional residual learning architecture is proposed to address this degradation of deep recurrent neural networks (RNNs) on acoustic modeling by further exploring the spatial and temporal dimensions. In the spatial dimension, shortcut connections are introduced to RNNs, along which the information can flow across several layers without attenuation. In the temporal dimension, we cope with the degradation problem by regulating temporal granularity, namely, splitting the input sequence into several parallel sub-sequences, which can ensure information flowing across the time axis unimpededly. Finally, we place a row convolution layer on the top of all recurrent layers to comprehend appropriate information from several parallel sub-sequences to feed to the classifier. Experiments are illustrated on two quite different speech recognition tasks and 10% relative performance improvements are observed.


Open-ended coaxial probes have been widely explored and commercialized for dielectric spectroscopy at microwave frequencies over the past decades. The working principle of the probes relies on the dependence of the fringing field on the complex permittivity of the material in front of the open end. In this article, inspired by the optical fiber extrinsic Fabry–Perot interferometer, we propose a novel sensing scheme based on an open-ended hollow coaxial cable resonator (OE-HCCR). The resonator is constructed using two reflectors along the coaxial line. The first reflector is a metal post at the RF input end, shorting the inner and outer conductors. The second reflector is the open end, where a metal plate is placed parallel and near the open end. The resonance frequency of the open-ended coaxial resonator depends strongly on the gap distance between the metal plate and the open end of the coaxial cable, due to the modulation of the phase of the reflection coefficient that characterizes the open end. Thus, by correlating the resonance frequency to the gap distance between the metal plate and the open end (or the movement of the metal plate), the OE-HCCR can be used as a displacement sensor device. Importantly, the displacement measurement resolution of the OE-HCCR is three orders of magnitude greater than that of the existing coaxial-cable-based displacement sensors within a certain dynamic range (~0.11 mm), affording a resolution that is comparable to fiber-optic sensors. The mathematical model of the OE-HCCR is discussed in detail, followed by a proof of concept for displacement measurements. The novel OE-HCCR device is suitable for sensing applications in harsh environments and will advance the field of physical/chemical sensing.


optimum backfat category demonstrates that feeding based on backfat and body weight has potential for facilitating more precise gestation feeding.


The catalytic formation of di- and trisubstituted ortho biaryl junctions has been achieved using a palladacylce pre-catalyst bearing a N-heterocyclic carbene ligand. This transformation is performed at room temperature in technical grade 2-propanol.


We combine bootstrapping with a simulation based approach to asset allocation that balances short term and long term risks explicitly. In contrast with standard approaches to asset allocation, our approach is highly flexible with respect to portfolio design but requires a minimum of assumptions about the future joint probability distribution of market returns. We focus on applications of the approach, and show how such a framework can be used to incorporate both alpha forecasts and spending rules, issues which can be problematic to implement in a typical mean-variance framework.


Based on the experiences of team teaching the course English Teaching Methodology to 2 classes of adult in-service teachers in a teacher training university in China for one year, this paper intends to discuss the background and the concept of the term team teaching, summarize the models of the team teaching , how the models of team teaching was applied in the course English Teaching Methodology and its implication to EFL teaching, and provide team teachers with specific tips on how to teach collaboratively and effectively as equal partners in the same EFL classroom.


Foreword Ian Bent Preface Part I. The Appeal to Psychology: 1. A new program for music theory 2. The psychologistic argument 3. The contrapuntal laboratory 4. An epistemological crisis and a plausible solution 5. A descriptive and analytic psychology Part II. The Historiological Imperative: 6. The authority of history 7. The improvisational imagination, editing, execution 8. The interior performance 9. The paleographic argument 10. The philological paradigm Part III. The Objective Synthesis: 11. The coordination of discourses 12. System and synthesis 13. Closure 14. Representation 15. A priori and a posteriori theories 16. Two polemics 17. The function of ideology Bibliography Indexes.


As one of the main routes to produce high-octane gasoline blending components in the crude oil refining industry,alkanes isomerization has drawn much attention throughout the world because it can greatly improve the gasoline quality.For alkanes isomerization,one of the key issues is to develop catalysts with higher activity and higher stability,which has been widely pursued due to its importance both in academic research and in industrial utilization.The latest progress and the potential trend of the tungsten-based catalysts were summarized.Preparation of tungsten-based catalysts and the reactive mechanism were reviewed in this paper.Finally,the developing prospect of tungsten-based catalysts was predicted.


In this paper, a new method is presented for the identification of machine tool component errors. Firstly, the Non-Uniform Rational B-spline (NURBS) is established to represent the geometric component errors. The individual geometric errors of the motion parts are measured by laser interferometer. Then, the volumetric error for a machine tool with three motion parts is modeled based on the screw theory. Finally, the simulations and experiments are conducted to confirm the validity of the proposed method.


We investigate the time evolution of a general two-qubit pure entangled state in different structured environments. A general expression is obtained to evaluate the entanglement dynamics of two-qubit systems for two different dissipative environments in the non-Markovian regime. In one case it is single Lorentzian and is detuned from the system while in the other case two Lorentzians form a photonic band gap and is resonant with the system. In the first case, we show that entanglement can be generated from the initial separable state in the non-Markovian regime. Compared to our earlier work under Markov approximation (Tahira et al 2008 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 41 205501), we show that disentanglement rates as well as sudden death times are modified in structured environments. Therefore, we can retain the entanglement for a longer time by controlling the system–environment coupling parameters.


KOALA has been created with the idea of C++ library templates, implementing a broad set of procedures in the fields of algorithmic graph theory and network problems in discreate optimization. During the C2NIWA project, a library has been greatly ectended, the code refactored and enclosed with the internet service available in the public repository of thr project. Today it contains interconnected educational materials in the form of Wikibook, documentation and sample codes, a multifunctional web-based application for edition of graphs, a collection of over 100 web services which offers a library of selected procedures to be run on the BeesyCluster system.


Objective: To assess the functional outcome of patients with anorectal malformations treated with Posterior Sagittal Anorectoplasty (PSARP). Material and Methods: This study was conducted on 355 patients with anorectal malformations at Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar from July 1998 to July 2004. Distal loopogram was performed routinely in all patients except the female patients with rectogenital tract fistula. PSARP was performed in all the patients with intermediate, high type and cloacal malformations. Operative and postoperative mortality and morbidity was recorded. Regular anal dilatation was advised after discharge, which was continued for 3-6 months after the PSARP procedure. Patients were followed up for 6-12 months. Results: Study included 355 patients (245 boys and 110 girls) ranging in age from 12-36 months. PSARP was performed in all the patients. There were 195 boys with rectourethral fistula and 95 girls with genitourinary tract fistula while 5 girls had cloacal malformations. Operative and postoperative mortality was 9/355 (2.5%). Early functional results were good in 30%, fair in 45% and poor in 25% patients. Chronic constipation and anal stenosis was found in 99 and 35 patients respectively. Mucosal prolapse with perineal itching was present in 60 patients. Recurrent UTI and orchitis was found in 5 and 3 patients respectively. Urethral stricture and urethral diverticulum was found in two cases each, while redo surgery was performed in two patients. Conclusion: The incidence of high and intermediate anorectal anomalies was more in male babies. The PSARP procedure is safe with good functional results in terms of faecal continence.


The first step in an assessment process is a clear definition of the assessment mandate: "the mandate is the constellation of forces that shape design decisions for a test".

Keywords:

assessment methods in applied linguistics;
esl/efl;
assessment


Objective: To observe the curative effect of Zhixiao capsule (ZXC) for non - alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) . Methods: 100 cases of NAFL were allocated to 2 groups (each group 50 cases) randomly. The treatment group was treated by ZXC (composed of Poria, Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae, Semen Sinapis, Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Viride, Fructus Crataegi and Rhizoma Alismatis, etc. ), the control group by omega fatty acid capsule. 3 months constituted the course of treatment. The curative effect, liver function, the changes of various parameters of blood - fat before and after treatment were observed. Results: The total effective rate was 94% and 74% in treatment group and control group respectively (P 0. 05). After treatment, the liver function and parameters of blood - fat were markedly improved in treatment group than that of before treatment ( P 0. 05, P 0.01), the comparison of various parameters between treatment group and control group showed markedly or very markedly significant difference ( P 0.05, P 0.01). Conclusion: ZXC possesses marked effect for NAFL and can markedly improve the liver function and parameters of blood - fat.


It has been shown that the holotrich ciliates found in the rumen of sheep fed on a starch-free diet can store large amounts of iodophilic granules (Masson & Oxford, 1951). This material was identified as starch rather than glycogen since it gave an insoluble iodine complex under the conditions described by Pucher, Leavenworth & Vickery (1948). Further evidence was given by Forsyth & Hirst (1953) who proved by methylation studies that the storage material was an amylopectin having an average chain length of 25 glucose units. Some experiments with P-amylase and with the debranching enzyme R-enzyme, to be described below, also point to the similarity between this storage material and potato amylopectin. During the course of experiments designed to distinguish between several mechanisms which might be involved in the synthesis of amylopectin by the protozoan organisms, it became apparent that the search for the synthesizing enzyme was being complicated by the presence of a highly active amylase in the cell extract. The purification of this amylase, and its separation from the other carbohydrases found in the Protozoa, are described in this paper. During fractionation by saltprecipitation methods or by the use of specific absorbents a certain amount of activity was lost (cf. Bernfeld, 1955). Since differences between the isoelectric points of amylases and invertases exist (Dieu, 1947; Bernfeld, Duckert & Fischer, 1950; Fischer, Kohtes & Fellig, 1951; Fischer & de Montmollin, 1951 a) it was thought that fractionation of the mixture of amylase, maltase, ,-glucosidase, invertase and the starch-synthesizing enzyme present in the cell contents of the Protozoa might be achieved by use of the methods of preparative zone electrophoresis (Tiselius & Flodin, 1953). The method has been partially successful, with the result that a reversible phosphorolytic enzyme system similar to that existing in the higher plants and animals has been found to operate in the protozoan cell. Also of interest is the separation of three specific amylases present in aqueous extracts of holotrich Protozoa. The amylolytic action of two of the amylases has been * Present address: Lister Institute for Preventive Medicine, London. determined, and an approximate estimate of their electrophoretic mobility and isoelectric points has been made.


Nuclear crisis arising from the Fukushima nuclear accident in Japan gives us a new warning toward how to use nuclear energy peacefully and safely.The history showed that nuclear safety which had decisive influence on the nuclear energy development is the lifeline of nuclear energy industries.Emergency preparedness and response for the nuclear accident as the last barrier to reduce the accident hazards toward the public and the environment have been more concentrated and focused at home and abroad.Emergency preparedness and response of radiation environmental monitoring for the nuclear accident including the construction of organization system,emergency monitoring system,information network system,monitoring techniques study,training,rehearsal as well as the financial security should follow the principles of practicability,applicability and the combination of conventionality and emergency.


Aminopeptidase N (APN) and dipeptidylpeptidase TV (DPIV) are transmembrane type II molecules widely distributed in mammalian tissues. In recent years, the interest in cell surface peptidases has increased considerably because, among other things, several reports indicate roles of ectopeptidases in tumour cell metastasis. Investigations into the regulation of APN and DPIV on tumour cells are rare. We report, for the first time, that IL‐4 and IL‐13 can up‐regulate protein expression as well as enzymatic activity of both the peptidases on renal carcinoma cells and renal tubular epithelial cells in culture. The analysis of mRNA by competitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) confirmed our results with respect to the APN increase at the level of gene expression. IL‐1β and tumour necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐a) augmented the IL‐4‐induced effect with respect to APN but not to DPIV, A 5‐day incubation with interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ) increased protein expression, especially of APN and, to a lesser extent, also of DPIV, whereas no significant increase in enzymatic activity could be observed. Small concentrations of transforming growth factor‐beta I (TGF‐β1) inhibit the expression and enzyme activity of DPIV. IL‐6, IL‐7. IL‐10 and granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) have been found to be without any effect on APN and DPIV. For a prospective therapeutic regimen with T cell‐derived cytokines it has to be considered that—besides their effect on tumour cell growth—cytokines might affect surface ectopeptidases involved in tumour cell adhesion processes. The inhibition of APN and DPIV could be a new approach to suppression of cancer spread.


This algorithm supports line clipping against a rectangular window with edges parallel to the screen. The algorithm combines different categories of lines for solutions. Each category of line is solved with the best way it has. Here intersection point method is used to get the solution of some categories of lines. This algorithm reduces implicit area codes, line ends comparison, redundant calculations, explicit calculation reusing. Here, the region of Line in a rectangle window is not considered for the selection of category rather the characteristics of Lines according to their slope and relationship between the Line and boundary region of the window is considered for selecting categories. It is faster than existing algorithms such as Cohen-Sutherland, Liang-Barsky & Cyrus-Beck.


Using Beijing city as a case, firstly the Impervious Surface Percentage (ISP) are extracted by Linear Spectral Unmixing method in the paper, and the accuracy was tested by aerial photograph with high spatial resolution. Then the information of vegetation percentage, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Land Surface Temperature (LST) parameters were extracted from HJ-1B remote sensing images. Finally, this paper analyzed the relationship between the above-mentioned components of urban ecosystem. The result shows that there is a strong negative linear relationship between ISP and vegetation percentage, and a strong positive linear relationship between ISP and LST, furthermore ISP is an accurate indicator of UHI effects whereas the relationship between ISP and NDVI is much weaker. The result indicates that the increase of urban impervious surface has a negative impact on the urban ecosystem. In the end of this paper, some suggestions to improve impervious surface and thermal environment of Beijing city were given.


Information welfare rapidly emerges as an important factor in the field of adolescent and child welfare. However, it has rarely been touched upon by in the scholarly community of the field. In this context this study is to encourage research in information welfare from various perspectives. To achieve the goal, it reviews research trends in an influence of Internet pornography on adolescents which is an important part of information welfare. The main findings are as follows: (a) 60-70% of adolescents are exposed to Internet pornography; (b) they are exposed to porn for the first time at the elementary or middle school age; and (c) such an experience has a substantial influence on the adolescents` attitude towards sex and sexual behavior. This study also finds that the major research method employed is a survey method and that research articles reviewed here do not develop a theoretical framework or model explaining the adolescents` attitude and behavior in consumption of Internet pornography in the field. Based on the research results, this paper makes recommendations as follows: (a) Ethnography and experimental research method may be useful for the in-depth analysis of the phenomena; (b) interdisciplinary approaches to information welfare will be beneficial because research in the adolescents` use of Internet porn requires broad knowledge and various perspectives; and (c) a theoretical model or framework explaining the relationship between the adolescents and Internet pornography should be developed from perspectives on information welfare.


In response to the engineering specifications of the middle coal seam mining after the upper and lower coal seam mining during the extremely close distance coal seam group mining, by adopting the numerical simulation, analog simulation and the engineering practice, the stress distribution, the displacement variation characteristics and the fracture of the stope surrounding rock during the extremely close distance coal seam mining has been analyzed. Results show that the roof and floor stress decreases, and its integrity isn't badly damaged during the extremely close distance coal seam mining when the coal seam is not thick, the roof and floor rocks are relatively stable and the mining height are about 3 meters. While the surrounding rock stress concentration strengthens significantly at the range of the district sublevel entry outside. It forms a shear fracture zone 35 m near to the open-off cut and terminal line. During the extremely close distance coal seam mining, repair and reinforcement for the two roadways should be strengthened and the working face should be reasonably arranged to avoid the high stress zone and the shear fracture zone. Meanwhile the corresponding underground pressure control measures should be taken, ensuring the working face safety mining.


Magnetic properties of Sm2(Co 1_xAlx)17 powders with 0≦x≦0.12 have been investigated at room temperature. The crystal structure of these alloys is of the rhombohedral Th2Zn17 type. The lattice constants a and c were found to increase monotollically with x. The magnetization curves of aligned-powder pellets shows that the decrease of the saturation moment is stronger than that expected for a model of simple dilution of Co moments with non-magnetic Al. In the whole range of x studied these alloys have a magnetically easy c-axis. Approximate values of the anisotropy field and the anisotropy constant were estimated from the magnetization curves. The former increases slightly with x and the latter decreases. Curie temperatures of the alloys were determined by the magnetizationn-temperature curve measured with a magnetic balance. (Received


Vaporization data that could be useful in designing premixed-prevaporized fuel preparation systems for gas turbine combustors are presented. The effect of the experimental parameters on vaporization was found to be E = T/sub in/ tau/sup 0/./sup 18/(V/sub ref/ + 38) (P/sub in/ + 35)/ 203000 where E is the degree of vaporization in percent, T/sub in/ the inlet air temperature in K over the range 450 to 700 K, the residence time in ms over the range 4.3 to 23.8 ms, V/sub ref/ the reference velocity in m/s over the range 5 to 22 m/s, and P/sub in/ in the inlet pressure in MPa over the range 0.18 to 0.59MPa. Jet A and Diesel no. 2 fuels were tested for the effect of inlet air temperature and had nearly identical results.


Waterborne adhesives is a kind of widely used adhesive.Several test methods of water contents in waterborne adhesives were introduced in this paper.And the Karl's furnace-Karl-Fischer titration method is a more simple and rapid moisture test method at present.


Estimating the parameters of polynomial signal is an important problem in the domain of signal processing. The three-order discrete chirp-Fourier transform (DCFT) can estimate the parameters of three-order polynomial signals. The three-order discrete chirp-Fourier transform is studied. The expression of three-order DCFT is introduced and the relationship between three-order DCFT and three-order analog chirp-Fourier transform (ACFT) is analyzed. A method for analyzing the three-order DCFT is presented, which decomposes the three-order DCFT into three planes. These three planes are frequency-linear chirp rate plane, frequency-quadratic chirp rate plane and linear chirp rate-quadratic chirp rate plane. By using this method, the magnitude of mainlobe and sidelobe in three planes is analyzed respectively. Different characteristics of three-order DCFT due to different sampling rates are also discussed. The computer simulation proves the validity of the analysis.


This paper describes the modelling and implementation of a sensorless control system (back-EMF control) on a brushless DC motor used in a traction drive system for an electric vehicle. The dynamic behaviour of the motor is first modelled, so speed PI controller, DC-AC inverter and commutation logic blocks are developed, in order to obtain a full control of the entire drive system, then, simulated using Simulink®. The elaborated study is based on determination of back-EMF, output current, motor speed and electromagnetic torque characteristics. Simulations results are presented to show the high performance and the efficiency of the simulated controlled system.


The C/sup 14/ link between river mollusks and soil humus is discussed. It is stated that the explanation that the C/sup 13/ deficiency should be attributed to the uptake of soil CO/sub 2/ by ground water (oxidation of humus in the soil, rather than after it has been transported into streams) and the C/sup 14/ deficiency to the solution of limestone is far more plausible. It was concluded that any relation between the radiocarbon concentrations in soil humus and fresh water mollusks is almost certainly coincidental. (P.C.H.)


The investigation result of three expressways is presented in Jiangsu,Zhejiang and Fujian provinces,concerning traffic volume,precipitation,accident and pavement friction data.The wet-weather accident ratio(WAR) and wet-weather accident risk rate(WARR),as two main indexes,are used in the analysis and evaluation.The relationship between wet-weather accident ratio and sideway force coefficient(SFC),and the relationship between wet-weather accident risk rate and SFC are educed.And based on the data analysis,the criterion of SFC for the expressways in Southeast China is proposed.


In this paper, we present a Natural Modeling Framework for Processor Design Automation System, Trilobite. Unlike other systems solicite explicit pipeline and instruction definitions to direct them, Trilobite gives the designer the freedom to model the processor in the high-level Behavior Accurate Processor Description (BAPD), which is based on the basic building block Mem and PDSDL (Python based Dynamic System Description Language [1]). Given the BAPD, software development and hardware synthesis can be performed simultaneously with four verification stages varying in accuracy and speed. Various translators and optimizers are introduced to convert BAPD to PDSDL, finally to Hardware Description Language (HDL). This powerful toolset could build diverse circuits ranging from simple combinational and sequential circuit to advanced pipelined superscalar. Compared to the determinate modeling inside traditional ADL, Trilobite is powerful and flexible. The preliminary result of our Java Processor System based on Trilobite is given at the end. It proves to be effective and productive1.


Distributions of extracellular enzymes, proteins (PN), and polysaccharides (PS) in the different extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) fractions of sludge flocs affect the wastewater treatment capability. The results showed that PN, PS, and extracellular enzyme had a distinct distribution pattern in the different EPS fractions. Both fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) further suggested the difference of EPS fractions. These results suggest that by changing the distribution pattern of PN, PS, and extracellular enzyme, with some pretreatments before aerobic/anaerobic digestion, the performance of brewery wastewater treatment may be improved.


This study was conducted at the poultry farm "El Mirador" is located in the Km.1.5 a, 600 m. the right side of the road to San Carlos Quevedo, whose objectives are: a. To determine the effect of protein levels in the diet of broiler chickens supplemented with amino acids. b. Evaluate the performance parameters of birds, and c. Perform economic analysis of each of the treatments.

We studied four levels of protein and aminoacid supplementation (DL-Methionine, L-Lysine and L-threonine) in the initial and final stage in the rearing of broilers in order to properly balance the requirements of the aforementioned amino acids is result of reduced protein.

The treatments in the initial phase (0 to 28 days) were 21, 20.19 and 18% crude protein (CP), in the final phase (28 to 49 days) 19, 18.17 and 16% CP for T0, T1, T2 and T3 respectively. To which used 480 chicks from the Cobb 500 commercial line.

We used a completely randomized design (CRD) with four treatments and six replicates. In addition, to determine the statistical differences between means were used Multiple Range Test of Tukey (P <0.05).

With regard to weight gain in infancy, were statistically the same between the T0, T2 and T3 but there was statistical difference with the T1, the same that was in turn as the T0. In the final stage there were no statistical differences between treatments. Similarly in the total phase of the experiment also treatments were not statistically different (P <0.05).

In the food consumption T0, T1 and T2 in the initial phase were not statistically different, but there were differences with the T3, the same which in turn was equal to the T2. Both the final phase as the total no statistical differences were found between treatments.

With regard to feed conversion was not statistically different between treatments at any stage.

As for the carcass yield was not statistical difference between treatments.
With respect to mortality throughout the trial was 6.25% of which 96.6% was recorded in the final stage.

From the results we can conclude:

1. Using 19 and 16% CP in the initial and final respectively, supplemented with amino acids in the diet of broiler chickens. respectively broilers.
2. Diets low in protein with amino acid supplementation can reduce feed costs
3. There was no statistical difference between treatments for carcass yield.
4. The T2 treatment had the highest benefit / cost ratio, because with this treatment is the best feed conversion reached the end of the experiment.


Success in social marketing interventions is rarely clear cut, and even more rarely achieved. Behavioural goals require reinforcement, maintenance and ongoing campaign revision to hold target populations to approved behaviours. In road safety, one of the dominant contemporary philosophical frameworks is the "zero tolerance" approach that assumes all road traffic accidents are preventable. This paper questions the zero acceptable death rate premise on two grounds. First, it argues that focusing on zero tolerance objectives in social marketing campaigns such as Queensland's "Because Enough is Enough" are unrealistic goals for campaigns that involve behaviors that are influenced strongly by random factors such as mechanical failure, luck and engineering. Second, the paper questions whether social marketing can go further in campaigns where adoption and compliance rates are approaching 99.99%. Finally, the paper touches on the conflict inherent between the reality of personal tragedy within the "failure" rate of social marketing campaigns, and the objective statistical rate of success of the same campaign. Conclusions as to the future direction for social marketing goal setting are suggested, along with further research objectives


subjective worry about job loss and other forms of FT. Patients rarely discuss costs with their physi- cians. Despite high rates of insurance coverage, prostate cancer survivors remain vulnerable to excessive costs of care.


This review traces the development of an anthropology of borderlands. The ideas of early ethnography and applied anthropology about border regions are considered along with contemporary perspectives on reterritorialized communities and practices illustrated specifically by Mexican migration and transborder processes. The argument is made that the conceptual parameters of borderlands, borders, and their crossings, stemming from work done on the Mexican-US border, in particular, illustrate the contradiction, paradox, difference, and conflict of power and domination in contemporary global capitalism and the nation-state, especially as manifested in local-level practices. Furthermore, the borderlands genre is a basis upon which to redraw our conceptual frameworks of community and culture area.


Objective To evaluate the application value of the up-converting Phoshor technology immunochromatography for HBV large envelope protein (HBV-LP) quantitative determination strip in hepatitis B patients.Methods Serum HBV-LP was detected by a new UPT-based immunochromatograhpic technology,and HBV DNA was quantitively detected by real time fluorescent quantitation polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR),HBV five serum markers were detected by chemiluminescence method.Results In 500 cases of patients with hepatitis B,HBV-LP and HBV DNA positive rates were 58.0% and 42.2% respectively,there was significant difference between the positive rate of HBV DNA and that of HBeAg(P < 0.01); In 215 cases of HBeAg negative specimens,the positive rates of HBV DNA and HBV-LP were 29.3% and 37.2% respectively,the difference was statistically significant (P > 0.05); and HBeAg positive rate was 57.0%,there was significant difference between the positive rate of HBV DNA and that of HBeAg (P < 0.01).Conclusion HBV-LP detected by UPT method can be used for the evaluation of viral replication and prognosis of patients with HBeAg negative and HBV DNA low copies patients.Combing detection of HBV DNA,HBV-LP and HBeAg is conducive to the judgment of HBV replication level and determination of antiviral treatment end point.

Key words:
Viral envelope proteins;  Immunochemistry;  Virus replication;  Up-converting phosphor technology


The invention relates to a stone paper material, and in particular relates to a completely biodegradable stone paper material and a preparation method thereof. The completely biodegradable stone paper material is obtained by taking a completely biodegradable polymer as a carrier and adding a plasticizer, a bulking agent, a coupling reagent, a dispersing agent and inorganic filler. According to the completely biodegradable stone paper material, the problem that the existing stone paper taking traditional plastic polyethylene as the carrier is not biodegradable is solved, and the completely biodegradable stone paper material is completely biodegradable; and the preparation method is simple to operate and is easy to realize. The completely biodegradable stone paper material can be molded through blowing in a common low density polyethylene membrane blowing machine, the equipment does not need to be improved, the blowing process is simple, the cost is low, the equipment investment is low, and the completely biodegradable stone paper material is easy to popularize and apply.


Objective:Physical medicine and rehabilitation is a medical science which has very wide scope, although pain is the main symptom in patients admitted physical therapy polyclinic. The aim of the present study was to examine the demographic features of the patients who were admitted to the physical medicine outpatient clinic in 2010- 2014 years.Methods:The medical records of 46729 patients, who were admitted to the outpatient clinics affiliated with Abant Izzet Baysal University Faculty of Medicine and Association of Public Hospitals, were retrospectively reviewed. Of these patients, 29721 (63.6%) were females and 17,008 (36.4%) were males. The mean age of the patients was 51.7 years. The mean age was 53.3 years in female patients and 48.9 years in male patients.Results:Of the patients, 10111 had lumbar problems, 7816 in knee, 5612 in neck, and 3652 in shoulder, respectively. The present study attempted to present in detail the characteristics of the patients who were admitted to the outpatient clinics.Conclusion:Such studies may guide hospitals in taking necessary precautions depending on the volume of patients who present to the outpatient clinics for follow-up and treatment.


As a bridge connecting style design and production process, the garment structural design itself also contains many creative elements and thinking methods. This paper discusses garment creative structure design from the perspective of dart transfer, to analyze the idea and method of structural creativity through the perspectives such as dart transfer, dividing line design, pleat design, three-dimensional shape and comprehensive elements application, thus to ultimately decode the creative structure design of women's dress. Keywords—design of women's dress; dart transfer; creative


The UK has 18,000 care homes, a 30,000 staff deficit per month and a vacancy rate of 14%. Paul Marriott, managing director of Hays Social Care, and journalist Nicola Mostyn, on using innovative techniques to fill the gap.


A leisure or an activity in free times means activities, friends, facilities related to the
activity freely chosen to satisfy ourselves. Generally, this activity is one of activities
need by human. This study is aimed to :first, attempted to description and critical of
concept Veblen's class theory. Second, to see relevancy of concept Veblen on social
reality particularly in capitalism Indonesia community.


A 54 year old female patient reported to the Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, with the chief complaint of dull aching pain in the lower right front teeth region since one month. History of present illness revealed intermittent pain with hot and cold stimuli for the past three months. Past dental history revealed asymptomatic, endodontically treated right mandibular first premolar. The patient's medical history was noncontributory.


A simple method of analysing the spectra of angle-modulated waves directly from modulating functions is sketched. It appears particularly powerful for linear-segment functions such as square waves and telegraph signals. The process is exact, is adaptable to hand or computer calculation, and gives a useful insight into the nature of the results.


The performance results of Russian Olympic team and its main rivals Chinese, USA and British national teams at the Games of the ХХІХ Olympiad in Beijing has been analyzed. Results dynamics for these teams in last 6 years has been studied, and prediction for the performance rations between them has been done. The main reasons for low performance of Russian athletes in some sports has been revealed. There also some guidelines drawn up for increasing of medal count on last Olympic games.


A magnesium oxide/water chemical heat pump was examined experimentally as a heat storage system. A packed bed reactor of a magnesium oxide/water chemical heat pump was operated under various conditions. The heat storage and output performances of the heat pump were discussed. The heat pump is capable of being an alternative system of common water sensible heat storage because of the high-energy storage density of the heat pump. The heat pump containing the reactor is expected to enhance the energy utilization efficiency of a cogeneration system.


Objective To probe into the occurrence of preoperative anxiety and depression of the patients in intervention therapy,and make up an effective and targeted measures to intervene the treatment psychologically.Methods 167 patients were selected for intervention operation,and at the same time,anxiety self-evaluation scale (SAS),self-evaluation depression scale (SDS) were adopted for investigation. And comparison with patients without intervention at the same period was carried out,for finding out occurrence and influence factors of anxiety and depression in the patients,thus to take comprehensively psychological measures and observe the influence.Results Evaluation scores of the patients after intervention in anxiety and depression are obviously higher than those in comparison group (P0.05),with the occurrence of anxiety and depression being 57.9%,and 42.8 % respectively; After comparison,there exists obvious difference between the two groups(P0.01).ConclusionThe patients with coronary heart disease intervention have obviously psychological problems before operation,so psychological intervention takes a great advantage in improving the therapy and prognosis.


Since the learning of interpretation is disregarded within schooling, it contradicts the theoretical propositions of the interactive concept of language. The typical speech genres of schooling, such as questions, are not formally taught. Current paper introduces the speech genre Interpretative Question as a learning tool for interpretation, due to its collaborative production between interlocutors for the production of question- and answer-texts. Analysis is foregrounded on the theories of Applied Linguistics, based on the theoretical orientation by the Bakhtin Circle for the interaction concept of language, on its concepts of speech genres and on the theoretical and methodological orientation of Dialogic Discourse Analysis. Current paper is also based on research by Menegassi, Sobral, Fiorin, Travaglia, Rojo and others. The corpus of current analysis comprises a question-text and an answer-text produced by teachers in initial formation in the first year of the undergraduate course of Language and Literature at the University of the State at Maringa, Maringa, Brazil. Results show that interpretation represents the interaction between the subject who produces it and his interlocutor(s), represented by the texts recovered within the interpretation. Social interaction is produced through interpretation and validates the Interpretative Question as a learning tool at this stage of reading.


Effects of the winter night temperature (11°C or 16°C) and the photoperiod (natural day length or 16 hr) on the growth and flowering of snapdragons (Antirrhinum majus L.) with different earliness were investigated. Seeds of a Group II cultivar 'Light Pink Butterfly II (LPB II)' and a Group III cultivar 'Light Pink Butterfly III (LPB III)' were sown in August and seedlings were pinched in September. The 16 hr long-day treatment from the end of September increased the plant height of 'LPB III'. Longday treatment decreased the number of days to flowering and increased the yield of cut flowers branched from the first node shoots and the cotyledon node ones in 'LPB II', and similar results were obtained in 'LPB III' which were grown under 16 hr long-day and 16°C night temperature. Throughout the growing period, length of cut flowers harvested from 'LPB III' was longer than that from 'LPB II'. In conclusion, the long-day treatment combined with 16°C night temperature was effective for decreasing the number of days to flowering and increasing the yield of cut flowers of 'LBP III' in winter.


Some main problems such as quality,safety and stock existing in current hygiene material management were analyzed in the paper.Then refined financial management methods of high value disposable materials in operating room were put forward.


Chinese hamsters (Cricetulus griseus) were given whole-body x-radiation at 1, 3, 7, 15, 30, 71, 100, 150, and 250 days of age. Probit dose-mortality curves, ${\rm LD}_{50(30)}$ values, and mean survival times were determined for each age. The ${\rm LD}_{50(30)}$ values were lowest at 1 day of age (635 rads), increased rapidly to a peak of 983 rads at 100 days of age, and then decreased slightly to 910 rads at 150 and 250 days of age. The age sensitivity of the Chinese hamster was found to be similar to that of the rat but different from the age-sensitivity response of the mouse or dog.


Unmanned and autonomous systems require a great deal of human trust, especially in order to gain acceptance for high-risk mission applications. In the aerial domain, loss of vehicle control, crashing or leaving the safety of the designated range can present a hazard to human safety as well as property. This represents a key barrier in current safety review processes when considering an experimental autopilot. Our approach couples a trusted autopilot with the experimental autopilot in order to facilitate testing and evaluation of immature technology, while ensuring safety is maintained. Such a system performs in a similar manner to the analogous scenario where an experienced human co-pilot oversees an unexperienced pilot. The Merlin trusted autopilot architecture is presented here, leveraging visual odometry as an additional redundancy in the standard GPS/IMU navigation system, while also integrating novel failsafe behaviors representative of the many dangerous failure situations that are commonly encountered on a UAV test range. In addition, this robust autopilot architecture, with its multiple redundancies, failsafe behaviors and system monitoring functions, presents an appealing platform for testing new and experimental UAV flight packages. Custom hardware has been developed to host this trusted autopilot with an openinterface approach in order to facilitate extensibility to these experimental designs. Initial architecture design and results from testing of the failsafe behaviors and visual odometry navigation system are presented.


Tracing online propagation paths when worm breaks out on a large scale can improve the network's anti-attackability. The existing tracing approaches to obtain worm propagation path are all based on off-line analysis and usually have a lower accuracy. This paper proposes an online Accumulation Algorithm with sliding detection windows, which can fleetly and efficiently trace the origin and initial causal edges of the worm. The algorithm solves the conflicts in choosing causal edges and tackles the problem of merging propagation paths in the consecutive reconstruction phase. The algorithm's accuracy and performance have been analyzed. Experimental results reveal that the online Accumulation Algorithm can dig out causal edge even at the initial stage, and the Accumulation Algorithm can achieve detection accuracy higher than 90% while its running time is only 1% of related works.


Public Works Department Cottage opposite the Bond Store near the Railway Station, c1918. Left to right: Kitchen, wash house, bathroom and 2 rooms of the cottage. Room doors are in 3 parts, top half in 2 parts and bottom half in single piece. Water tank at right.


Binary division is the basic operation performed by arithmetic circuit. It is simpler than the decimal division because the result always produced in either 1 or 0. All the values of dividend, divisor, quotient and remainder are in 1's or o's form. There are number of binary division algorithms are available as restoring method, non restoring method, division by XOR logic operation and SRT division and comparison method. This paper presents a new concept of the comparison division method. The comparison division algorithm provides high speed computation work and increases' the system performance. Key Terms Binary division, Restoring concept, Comparison method and Non restoring method, Magnitude comparator


Purpose: To present 8 year results of a prospective clinical study of 246 patients with the Innex total knee system performed between 2000 and 2002. Methods: 88 men and 158 women aged between 39.3 to 92.8 (mean, 71.2) years who underwent primary TKAs using the Innex prosthesis were followed up for up to 8 years. TKA was performed using ultracongruent mobile or fixed bearings, both groups with or without patella replacement. All TKAs were cemented. Patients were assessed using the Knee Society Clinical Rating System. Results: The mean ROM improved from preoperative 105.54° up to 110.05° at the last FUP. The mean total Knee Society Score before surgery was 112.04 (range, 52–160) and improved post op up to 179.49 (55–200). There were 2 postraumatic patella fractures (14 and 49 months after surgery), 2 patients without patella replacement showed peripatellar pain syndrome and femoropatellar overload. One became fine after conservative treatment, the other patient hat patella replacement 55 months after initial surgery. 3 patients had early mobilisation under anaesthesia for postoperative stiffness. There were no deep vein thromboses or pulmonary embolism. Revisions were done in 6 patients. 4 revisions were done due to aseptic loosening and 2 due to deep infections. After 8 years we saw a survival rate of 96.09% with revision or indication for revision for any reason as the endpoint. With aseptic loosening as the endpoint survival rate was at 96.52%. Post operative results in TKA with fixed bearings and patella replacement (ROM=126.67°,KSS=190.5) where superior compared to fixed without patella replacement (ROM=118°,KSS=186). In TKA with mobile bearings again those who had patellar replacement showed somewhat clinically better results (ROM=114.44°, KSS=185.89). Conclusion: The Innex TKA showed generally good longterm results. Selection to fixed or mobile was in our series depending on praeoperative stability and fixed preferable used tor rheumatoid patients. Patella replacement gave better results in both groups.


Fractional -N delta of the phase locked loop is a clock signal supplied to the sigma modulator dithering. In one example, PLL comprises a novel programmable clock dithering circuit. A selected one of several ways how to dithering the phase of the clock signal the programmable clock dithering circuit is controllable via a serial bus. If the clock signal is dithered in one way (a pseudo-random phase dithering), delta - being a power of the digital noise generated by the sigma modulator spreads through the band, reduces the degree to which the noise interferes with the other circuits. If the clock signal is dithered in two ways (the rotational phase dithering), the power of digital noise is the frequency shift reduces the extent to which the noise interferes with the other circuits. Program clock dithering circuit can may be controlled in different ways. For example, the dither may be disabled enabling program.


I believe the Algorithms Section of Quote Quad should be the primary showcase for excellent APL programming techniques. By exhibiting great examples of APL programming, we can educate oldtimers as well as newcomers to the language on how to exploit its expressive power in a clear, understandable way. The policy statement following this article reflects my belief that every algorithm in Quote Quad should be judged on quality as well as function. Having made that decision, we must present guidelines on what is considered good APL programming. This question is addressed below.


Lisbon, 4 – 5 November 2013 Energy issues are both a pressing matter in contemporary societies and the subject of a rising body of academic work, none the least in the field of science and technology studies. On the one hand, the incessant need to find new and improved energy sources (cleaner and more sustainable) to fuel the ever growing demands of consumer societies is a strong drive for scientific research, supported by national and international funding agencies and policies. From local l...


The Upper Tribunal's Administrative Appeals Chamber is the court from which most mental health law in England and Wales, and also the other parts of the UK, will come. Its first substantive decision on a mental health matter was handed down on 8 January 2009, and contains useful guidance on an important matter, namely the process for the disclosure of a patient's medical records when the detaining hospital does not wish to release the entirety of the records; and it also touches on various other aspects of the new appeal process and the procedural code applicable as from 3 November 2008. For these reasons, a comment on the decision is worthwhile, both to outline the new regime and because the decision involves several matters of interest2.


Recommendation systems (RS) play a crucial role in influencing our daily decision-making practices and choices, such as healthy diets. However, arguments in support of a diet recommendation, which are embedded in the algorithmic design of the RS, tend to be redundant, and predominantly based on the past choices of the users or their peers, thus hindering rather than encouraging innovation and creativity. Such arguments are, thus, not effective when changes in users' habits are the goal, as in digital food coaching. To better inform the design of RS, we propose to conceive of human-computer interaction with RS as a strategic maneuvering, that is an argumentative exchange aimed at improving users' critical decision-making process while persuading them to keep up a healthy diet. Strategic maneuvering is accomplished at three levels: selection from the topical potential, adaptation to audience demand and display of presentational devices. Based on the results of a study including a quantitative questionnaire to and a focus groups with Italian mothers living in the UK (35-45 years old), we show how audience demand (perceived food qualities) and presentational devices (naming of recipe categories) can be exploited when selecting what recipes (topical potential) to recommend in order to trigger creativity and help users achieve a healthier diet.


Abstract : Tests were conducted in the AEDC Aerodynamic Wind Tunnel (4T) to determine the tunnel calibration and centerline Mach number distributions for the Mach numbers 1.6 and 2.0 nozzle blocks. During the test, the plenum suction was varied either through the use of auxiliary suction or diffuser flap suction. The test section porosity was varied over the maximum range from 0 to 10-percent-open wall area, and the wall angle was varied from -0.25 to 0.66 deg. The stagnation pressure level was maintained at 2000 psfa, and the stagnation temperature was varied in the range from 100 to 150F. The humidity level was held as low as 0.0006 lb of water per pound of air. (Author)


With the widespread use of smart house systems monitoring power consumption in household applications is becoming a standard. In this scope a concept of a smart house or a home automation system is often characterized by the ability to control and monitor various household appliances to provide improved convenience, comfort, energy efficiency and security. In recent years costs of smart house systems are being reduced, however even for smaller systems they can be substantial (costs of installation, ongoing costs etc.). In this paper we propose a basic architecture for a smart house system targeted at increased safety and user awareness on power consumption. The main goal here is the design of cost effective solution used for monitoring power consumption at power outlets with the ability of user notification. The system has the ability to report instantaneous power consumption levels and issue a warning of a possible power overload. Communication component was realized using Power Line Communication (PLC) proposed communication protocol. Main advantages of the proposed system include low cost, overload protection and power consumption estimation at each power outlet, increasing user awareness resulting in more effective power consumption.


Relations between bowing parameters, i.e., force applied, bow position, and velocity, are derived in terms of load impedance presented by bridge to string, characteristic impedance, and frictional coefficients. The range between least applied force needed to couple bow to load during sticking and maximum permitting uncoupling following sticking provides the generous tolerance, variable but typically in the ratio of 1 to 10, that makes the bowed string so flexible in performance. Domains of string behavior recognized by players are related graphically to bowing parameters. An electromagnetic method for observing particle velocity in the string reveals small but significant ripples caused by forces at the bow that the idealized explanation ignores. In one very flexible string, force exerted on the bridge varied approximately inversely with frequency out to the 15th harmonic, whereas for a string equivalent to a gut G for violin force became zero near the 7th. Elastic effects are considered, and it is sugges...


Thank you very much for downloading introduction to robust estimation and hypothesis testing. As you may know, people have search numerous times for their favorite books like this introduction to robust estimation and hypothesis testing, but end up in harmful downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they cope with some harmful bugs inside their laptop.


We investigate the existence of a weak solution u ∈ W 1,p 0 (Ω) to the degenerate quasi-linear Dirichlet boundary value problem (P) -Δ p u = λ 1 |u| p-2 u + f(x) in Ω; u = 0 on ∂Ω. It is assumed that 1 < p < ∞, p ¬= 2, Ω is a bounded domain in R N , f ∈ L∞ (Q) is a given function, and the number λ 1 stands for the first (smallest) eigenvalue of the positive p-Laplacian -Ap, where Δ p u ≡ div(|⊇u| p-2 ⊇u). The eigenvalue λ 1 being simple, let φ 1 denote the eigenfunction associated with λ 1 . We show the existence of a solution for problem (P) when f satisfies the orthogonality condition ⊃ Ω fφ 1 dx = 0, in which case the set of solutions is bounded in C 1 (Ω) provided p ¬= 2 and f ≢ 0 in Ω. A key role in our proofs is played by a second-order Taylor formula in its integral form (near φ 1 ) which contains certain Gâteaux derivatives and a positive semidefinite quadratic form. This quadratic form compensates for lack of coercivity in the energy functional corresponding to problem (P). When combined with well-known regularity results, its positive semidefiniteness renders a priori estimates from which existence and boundedness (for p ¬= 2) follow.


AIM
To create adequate orthotopic model of peritoneal carcinomatosis in rats using a transplantable rat tumor M-1 sarcoma, to assess the early tumor response after intraperitoneal photodynamic and/or antiangiogenic therapy for peritoneal carcinomatosis.

METHODS
In 14-18 days after intraperitoneal inoculation, eighteen tumor-bearing animals were divided into three groups and undergone intraperitoneal photodynamic therapy and/or antiangiogenic therapy. Assessment of the tumor posttreatment changes was performed using a method of vital staining with Evans blue, MRI-monitoring and morphologic investigation.

RESULTS
Percentage of necrosis in disseminated tumors of animals undergone combination therapy significantly higher then after each of the methods alone and achieved 89.46% vs 41.47% after antiangiogenic therapy and 69.73% after photodynamic therapy. Contrast-enhanced MRI showed entirely necrotic tumor nodes in rats undergone the combination therapy. Morphologic study confirmed that tumor response after combination therapy was characterized by maximal spread of necrotic and inflammatory changes in tumor.

CONCLUSION
Preliminary results demonstrate enhance of the treatment outcome after combination of antiangiogenic and intraperitoneal photodynamic therapies for peritoneal carcinomatosis in rats.


Steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) is a relatively difficult clinical type of treatment.The major therapy measures in present include steroid and immunosuppressant.Commonly used immunosuppressant include tacrolimus, cyclosporin, cyclophosphamide, mycophenolate mofetil, ect.Tacrolimus-induced clinical remission rate is superior to other immunosuppressive agents, has been the first-line agent of SRNS.Because of the individual difference in metabolism, the drug concentration of tacrolimus should be determined periodically.In order to obtain optimal efficacy of tacrolimus and reduce renal toxicity, the treatment protocols of small doses with long courses for children with SRNS were recommended.

Key words:
Tacrolimus; Child; Steroid-resistant; Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome


Abstract : Applications of the Khrgian-Mazin (KM) distribution function for water clouds are discussed. The equations for the number concentration, cross- sectional area, visibility, liquid water content, and the radar/lidar reflectivity factor of water droplets are presented and modified by an assumption stemming from visibility considerations. Visibility is considered at some length and visibility theory is extended into arenas of 'recognition visibility' and 'discernment visibility' in both clear-air and cloudy circumstances. Radar/lidar distribution equations are presented that specify the detectability of clouds, in general and for natural cloud types, as a function of radar wavelength. A so-called 'M vs Z' relation is also presented that is undoubtedly the first to be developed for water clouds. Truncation effects, primarily involving instruments that do not detect the full size extent of particle distributions, are illustrated. Relations among cloud physics quantities that are solidly tied mathematically to the KM distribution function (twenty in number) are summarized. Composite distribution equations for aerosols plus clouds plus rain, or any combination, are described with examples of their utility. It is concluded that the KM function for water clouds is highly versatile and useful and that the composite equations are realistic and informative.


It is shown that there are seven types of solutions described in the framework of general relativity theory (GRT), the dynamics of empty homogeneous isotropic three-dimensional spaces. Solution of the equations of GRT, which describes the dynamics of a homogeneous isotropic universe, in the limiting case of vanishingly small effect of matter on the metric properties of space must go to one of them.


Abstract This article gives a short history of homeopathy in Sweden and provides information about practising homeopaths today and where in Sweden they can be found. The types of patients and the reason why they choose to go to a homeopath are reviewed. The starting of the first homeopathic emergency clinic is important and finally, a case of loss of hair.


To explore the effects of nano-TiO2 on the creep properties of polyurethane elastic fiber, the test focuses on the creep properties of 33.3 dtex ordinary polyurethane elastic fiber and its mixture with nano-TiO2.The analysis showes that nano-TiO2 does not change the creep properties of polyurethane elastic fiber, however, it can weaken creep rate and creep deformation rate, meanwhile, improving the ability of polyurethane elastic fiber creep recovery.


Considering knowledge workers team coordination in the knowledge-intensive enterprises and project task assignment, this paper quantifies the qualitative factor (team coordination) and divides the staff and task assignment costs into team uncoordinated cost, employment cost, employee switching cost and project delaying cost. And then a mixed integer programming model for the knowledge staff and task assignment is established. According to the characteristics of the problem and model, ILOG tool is adopted and appropriate strategies are selected to solve the problem. Finally, an example is used to illustrate the model's practicality and the effectiveness of the algorithm.


Within the Hartree-Fock approximation the transition temperature ${T}_{c}$ of a two-dimensional electron gas of density $n$ in a strong magnetic field $B$ is studied in the nondegenerate limit $\frac{n}{B}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0$. By means of an asymptotically correct calculation it is shown that the ansatz of a strongly anharmonic, unidirectional charge-density wave (CDW) for the condensed state leads, apart from weak logarithmic corrections, to the limiting form ${T}_{c}\ensuremath{\sim}{n}^{\frac{1}{2}}$. The ansatz of an essentially harmonic, though triangular symmetric CDW leads to much smaller limiting values ${T}_{c}\ensuremath{\sim}n{B}^{\ensuremath{-}\frac{1}{2}}$. This demonstrates the importance of the anharmonicity of the CDW or, equivalently, of the sharp localization of electronic wave functions in the nondegenerate limit.


1 Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Beijing, 100094, China 2 Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China 3 Current address: Technical Centre of PAIQ, Shenzhen Entry-Exit Inspection & Quarantine Bureau, Guangdong 518001, P.R. China 4 USDA/ARS, Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, Ft. Detrick, MD, 21702, USA 5 California Seed and Plant Laboratory, Elverta, CA 95626 USA (E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com)


Background: Functional decline is a characteristic of old age measured by physical performance, such as gait speed and muscle strength. Poorer cardiovascular health may explain much of the functional decline with age. We studied the association of longitudinal change in gait speed and hospitalization, testing whether any association was secondary to baseline subclinical cardiovascular measurements, or physical function. Material and methods: Participants were from two phases of the longitudinal AGES Reykjavik Study. A population study of 3316 men and women (58%), who entered both stages 5 years apart, mean age 75.0 (SD 4.9) at baseline. The time in seconds (s) to walk 6m was measured at both visits. Baseline characteristics were Agatston score of coronary artery calcium (CAC), carotid plaque, carotid intima media thickness (IMT), type 2 diabetes mellitus, physical activity, quadriceps strength and activity of daily living (ADL). The study group was divided into two groups; those who were hospitalized during the follow-up and those who were not. Repeated measures models were used to estimate longitudinal change in gait speed. Results: Mean time to walk 6m was 6.0 (SD=1.2) (s) for men and 6.6 (SD=1.6) (s) for women at baseline and did not differ by hospitalization status. For those hospitalized after the baseline visit (73%) the increase in time to walk 6 m was 0.68 (95%CI: 0.60-0.76) (s) whereas for those not hospitalized the increase in time was significantly smaller (0.39 (95%CI: 0.29 - 0.52) (s), (p Conclusion: Individuals who were hospitalized showed greater decline in health, reflected in slower gait speed. This was not explained by cardiovascular status or other measured variables in this study related to health although those hospitalized had worse profile. This suggests that there are different trajectories influencing the rate of loss of gait speed explained by other factors than cardiovascular indices.


Abstract The lift and drag of rotating balls with Reynolds numbers from 4500 to 6500 were obtained using a ping‐pong ball impinged by a water jet with inclination angles ranging from θ = 3.43° to 11.3°. Results show that water strikes the ball surface and leaves from the wake region behind the ball, which spins more slowly when a large amount of water stays on the ball surface, causing low lift and low drag forces to be exerted on the ball. In contrast, the ball spins quickly when a small amount of water stays on the ball surface. This causes high lift force to be exerted on the ball, which verifies the Magnus effect of a rotating ball. The drag force increases nonlinearly with the angular speed of the ball because there is a branch flow out from the stretched wake behind the ball. Results also indicate that the lift force of the ball increases with jet exit speed, but the drag force does not change significantly with the jet exit speed. This reveals that the momentum change in the direction parallel to gravity is more significant than that in the direction normal to gravity.


2 Spiking neural networks (SNNs) have attracted interest in recent years due to their low energy 3 consumption and the increasing need for more power in real-life machine learning applications. 4 Having those bio-inspired networks on neuromorphic hardware for extra-low energy consumption 5 is another exciting aspect of this technology. Furthermore, many works discuss the improvement of 6 SNNs in terms of performance and hardware implementation. This paper presents a progressive 7 layer-based compression approach applied to convolutional spiking neural networks trained either 8 with Spike Time Dependent Plasticity (STDP) or Surrogate Gradient (SG). Moreover, we study 9 the effect of this approach when used with SpiNNaker. This approach, inspired by neuroplasticity, 10 produces highly compressed networks (up to 90% compression rate per layer) while preserving 11 most of the network performance, as shown by experimental results on MNIST, FMNIST, Caltech 12 face/motorbike, and CIFAR-10 datasets. 13


Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the posted collagen dressing in the treatment of facial dermatitis.Methods 160 patients with facial dermatitis were divided into two groups.All patients applied cyproheptadine Take three doses a day and Ebastine once a day.The treatment group 89 cases were treated with helium neon laser once a day.In addition treated with Collagen posted dressing once a day.The control group 71 cases were treated with helium neon laser once a day.The follow-up was 2 weeks from the end of the treatment.The clinical response to therapy and adverse effects were recorded.Results The effective rate was 88.76% in the treatment group.The effective rate was 66.20% in the control group.The comparison in two groups showed significant differences(χ2=12.01,P0.05).Conclusion Collagen posted dressing in treatment of facial dermatitis is effective,safe and suggest new therapeutic opportunities for treating this disease


Many advanced multi-agent cooperation approaches have been proposed over the years, but few have met the test of widespread adoption and cost effectiveness. Because multi-agent cooperation implies the ability of multiple distributed services to discover and lookup one another, the discovery and lookup services must be based on industry standards for them to be widely adoptable and low in cost to implement. This paper describes the design of a practical and low-cost infrastructure for enabling the dynamic discovery and lookup of intelligent distributed services in a federated heterogeneous network using standard cost-effective Java- and XML- based technologies. The requirements for such dynamic discovery and lookup protocols will first be described. An overview of those core candidate solution technologies will then be presented. A dynamic discovery and lookup design based on standard Java and XML technologies will then be described in terms of both the discovery and lookup service infrastructure and client interfaces to such infrastructure.


The Rotary Club of Harrogate Brigantes is arranging a day of free blood pressure tests on Saturday 5 April 2014 at the ASDA store in Harrogate. Anyone ...


A paleomagnetic investigation was made on the Quaternary volcanics in the Izu Peninsula and the adjacent Ashitaka and Izu-Oshima areas located on the northern tip of the Philippine Sea plate, central Japan. This study evaluates the deformation associated with the collision of the Izu block with Honshu. About 900 volcanic rock samples ranging in age from 0.2 to 1.5Ma were measured. Alternating field demagnetization indicates that these samples have stable natural remanent magnetizations. Fine grained titanomagnetite was identified as the carrier of the remanent magnetizations by thermomagnetic analysis and microscopic observation. The paleomagnetic directions from both Ashitaka Volcano and Izu-Oshima island, which are located to the north and to the east of the Izu Peninsula, respectively, are not significantly different from that of the present axial geocentric dipole field. In contrast, the mean directions from the northwestern Izu Peninsula show on average 10° clockwise deflections, whereas the directions from the northeastern to southern Izu Peninsula show 8° to 25° counterclockwise deflections. These deflections of paleomagnetic directions are probably caused by tectonic deformations since 1.5Ma. We propose a simple tilting model to explain these paleomagnetic directions.


A s awareness of digital fabrication has grown, and access to fabrication technology has increased, a new term has entered the cultural dialog: "personal fabrication." Neil Gershenfeld, the director of the Center for Bits and Atoms at MIT, is one of the earliest proponents of personal fabrication. Gershenfeld's description of this field is ambitious. In FAB: The Coming Revolution on Your Desktop (Basic Books, 2005), he describes personal fabrication as the combined use of a range of rapid prototyping technologies—from creating custom circuit boards and programming microcontrollers,


This paper discusses the historical development as well as commentary on OMFS-12, Quality Assurance Plan for Metric Fasteners, which features variable levels of quality assurance dependent upon application and includes detailed sampling, control, and inspection frequencies appropriate to each type.


Based on a human visual system (HVS) based approach, digital video image quality and perceptual coding (DVIQPC) outlines the principles, metrics an standards associated with perceptual coding as well as the latest techniques and applications. It discusses the latest developments in vision research as they relate to HVS based video and image coding. It discusses subjective and objective assessment methods, quantitative quality metrics including vision model based digital video impairment metrics, test criteria and procedures. It examines post-filtering and reconstruction issues associated with color bleeding, blocking, ringing and temporal fluctuation artifacts in detail along with methods to reduce/eliminate them. It also focuses on picture quality assessment criteria. It poses new challenges to vision research and/or how to transfer vision science to imaging and visual communication systems engineering. It also poses an obvious theoretical and practical challenge regarding the concept of psycho visual redundancy (also how to define this quantitatively) and to establish theoretical bound for perceptually lossless coding.

When searching for future generation picture coding framework, the overall codec system design optimization should include pre-filtering/processing post processing and reconstruction techniques in a way similar to transform/predictive coding, loop-filtering, motion compensated prediction, HVS weighting, adaptive intra/inter modes entropy coding in the well established international standards such as the JPEG series ( still frame only), MPEG series and H.26x series as part of the equation. When perceptual coding systems are explored, display environment also needs to be considered. Operations such as pre-filtering, post-filtering, color format conversion, spatial/temporal/bit depth resolutions are intentionally outside the domain of these standards with the sole aim to encourage innovation and ingenuity. In selection and design of the next generation picture codec systems, an approach to overall encoding and decoding system optimization needs to be considered on order to achieve improved performance in the rate and perceptual distortion minimization sense.

Although the goal of picture compression is to achieve rate driven minimization or quality driven optimization, most picture coders thus far including those developed by the standards organizations are rate driven and not quality driven if any. While the historical reasons for rate driven coder design are no longer valid such as constant bit-rate transmission, picture quality driven coder design rarely forms the main stream of research and development. For starters, establishing quantitative measures for perceptual picture quality is the first criterion. This can lead to design and optimization of quality driven picture coders. The keynote speech, basically, addresses these challenging issues.


Seeded region growing is a common method of image segmentation.Its performance depends largely on the selection of seed points and growth rules.In order to extract snail images with such methods more effectively.The article analyzes the basic idea of the seeded region growing method(SRG) and presents an improved seeded region growing method(ISRG) which is used to extract the snail images.In ISRG,novel similarities rules and a new dynamic threshold method are adopted.For the complex and various habitat of snail,ISRG selects the region growing seed points manually.It is demonstrated by experimental results that ISRG can achieve better snail image extraction results under the complicated real-world scene.


The purpose of this research was to produce bio-gasoline fraction from methyl ester fatty of rice bran oil through catalytic hydrocracking systems. The following method was; 1) Preparation and impregnation of Ni, Co and Mo metals inactivated commercial natural zeolite (CNZ-A) to be NiO/CNZ-A, NiOMoO/CNZ-A and NiOCoOMoO/CNZ-A, 2) Production of methyl ester fatty acid (MEFA) from rice bran oil using esterification and trans-esterification process, and 3) Catalytic hydrocracking MEFA at a temperature of 350 o C, 400 o C and 450 o C respectively. Furthermore, the characterization of catalysts using X-ray Diffraction (XRD) resulted in no significant changes in crystal systems and catalysts were indicated as a mordenite. Then, the analyzing of nitrogen adsorption through the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method depicts the reducing in the surface area of catalysts, however, the mean pore and pore volume of catalysts experienced an increasing trend. Moreover, the highest liquid product was 90.24% of NiO-CoO-MoO/CNZ-A catalyst (400°C), with selectivity for gasoline and diesel fractions was 28.34% and 71.65%, respectively. In essence, the three metals (Ni,Co and Mo) gave the highest percentage of bio-gasoline products among the three catalysts.


To improve the growth performance of Huanghe carp,we collected data before and after winter respectively and analyzed the development mechanism.The results showed that body weight,body length,body thickness and body height increased through the winter.Body weight had the highest growth rate.In the following were body length,body height,body thickness.When body shape was investigated,body length/body thickness decreased,while no change was found about body length/body height.In addition,3D graph tended to be concentrated and moved forward during the second growth stage.But the 3D picture adversed when body length,body height and body thickness were standardized by body weight.These results illustrated that the major growth traits rise and body shape inclined to be concentrated.The important is that body shape of Huanghe carp tended to gain in width.Such conclusion were also been approved by multiple stepwise regression construction and cluster analysis.


The aim of this paper is to define transcendental relativization, by using the binary in some anthropological works, and to give a description of it along with Niklas Luhmann's sociology. We examine how the binary [the West/non-West] has been used in some anthropological works and how it has contributed not only to understanding 'them' as a research object but also to realizing 'our' conceptual limitations. This paper is an attempt to deal with political or power-relational asymmetry and scientific observational asymmetry in anthropological works. Luhmann's sociology, which is based on the functional analysis and theory of social systems, shows that the binary approach in anthropology can be seen as a semantic form of science system, which realizes the existence of blind spots in anthropological observation, and is a possible strategy for anthropological investigations.


In this work consideration is given to an aerodynamic concept for filtration of small water droplets such as those caused by an infected person when coughs or sneezes and including airborne hygroscopic particle, and with particular application to medical masks. Nowadays, the efficiency of such masks is strongly reduced for airborne particles and increasing the efficiency implies either increasing the thickness of the filtering layers or decreasing the aerodynamic equivalent diameter of the pore, both measures in clear detriment of its breathability. Here, a novel strategy is proposed in which efficiency is increased, not by decreasing the diameter of the pore but actually by increasing the diameter of the water droplet itself. We called this concept as the aerodynamic barrier layer. In this concept a layer with parallel arrangement of micro fibers in the direction of the flow is located just before the traditional filtering layer and being able to promote lift forces which induce clustering, coalescence and growth of water droplets at the center of the aerodynamic channel. The enlarged drop after passing though the aerodynamic barrier layer is now easy captured by a conventional filtering layer. Utilizing a simplified geometrical model, an expression for the required length of the aerodynamic barrier layer was derived.


Adam Smith's views on collusion were injected into the Supreme Court's ruling in Bell Atlantic v. Twombly as Justice Stevens puzzled over why a collusive action might be viewed as "right." Motivation by a desire for approbation provides Smith's explanation for the existence of well-functioning groups. "Right" action is approved by the group. The question is what happens when the groups are in conflict. For Smith, collusion is one instance of the larger problem of faction in which a small group organizes to exploit the larger society.


This paper presents an improved algorithm of principal component analysis,and conduct a synthetic evaluation of power quality based on this method.Compared with the traditional PCA,this method not only eliminates non-uniform of dimension and difference of order of magnitude,also retains all the information of original data.At the same time,this method markedly enhances the effect of reducing dimensions.Examples show that using this method to conduct a synthetic evaluation of power quality can draw a comprehensive,intuitive,scientific conclusion of synthetic evaluation.


Few data are available concerning the fatigue behavior of this electron beam irradiated polyethylene. Its knowledge is however necessary in different aspects associated with fatigue wear damage, constitutive equations for stress-strain cycles, softening of the material, existence of incubation period, fracture or yield failure criteria. Recently [1], we compared UHMWPE fatigue behavior after electron beam irradiation at different doses, with the standard gamma irradiation in air. Our present work aims to study the influence on fatigue of a thermal treatment after UHMWPE electron beam irradiation. Short -term, long-term, and crack propagation behavior tests were carried out under cyclic uniaxial tension for this purpose.


The article provides a history of the development and the state of the automobile industry in Vietnam, and also presents prospects for car assembly industry.


The bis derivative 6 of 8-hydroxyquinoline, which, like tropolones, readily forms a chelate, was synthesized and found to have high potency (dose = 12.5 mg/kg, T/C % = 164) against leukemia P388 in mice approximately equivalent to that of the bistropolone 1b. 8-Hydroxyquinoline analogues with broad structural variation were synthesized and their structure-activity relationships followed the same pattern as in the tropolone series. In addition, the bistropolones 1a-e were tested for their ability to bind to tubulin and found to have no such property. The results of this study suggested that bistropolone and bis(8-hydroxyquinoline) derivatives must form a chelate with the metal necessary for the enzyme, such as ribonucleotide reductase, which catalyzes the DNA biosynthetic pathways.


This paper introduces the concept of the photonic crystal , the research methods and the application of photonic crystals.Starting from Maxwell's equations,the functional form of the TE mode and TM mode of the 2D crystal is derived.In 2D crystal,the functional form of TE mode is F(φ)=∫∫▒ {1/ε(r) [(∂φ/∂x)^2+ (∂φ/∂y) ^2]-2ik·1/ε(r) φ·[∂φ/∂x+∂φ/∂y]+[k^2 1/ε(r) -ik·∇ 1/ε(r) (ω/c) ^2]φ^2}dΩ and the form of TM mode is F(φ)=∫∫▒ {1/ε(r) [(∂φ/∂x)^2+ (∂φ/∂y) ^2]-2ik 1/ε(r) ·φ[∂φ/∂x+∂φ/∂y]+[k^2 1/ε(r) (ω/c) ^2]φ^2}dΩ . According to the functional forms,we conducte some stimulation about two-demensional photonic crystal with line-defect and dot-defect ,forming some results as following: 1,obtaining the spectrum distribution of the photonic crystal with line-defect ,as shown in Figure 1;2,obtaining the optical field distribution of the photonic crystal with T-defect,which has the same characteristics with optic beam splitter,as shown in Firgure 2;3,As to photonic crystal with dot-defect,we get the spectrum distribution of the dot,as shown in Figure 3 ,which can be used in WDM;4,We combine the photonic crystal with dot-defect with the one with line defect,and obtain the spectrum distribution of the dot,as showing in Figure 4 ,which can be used in a filter .


Nucleophilic addition of the thione sulphur atom in the complexes [FpC(S)SMLn][MLn= Fp or Re(CO)5; Fp = Fe(CO)2(η-C5H5)] at the thiocarbonyl carbon atom in the complexes [FpCS]+ gives five-membered metallacycles [(η-C5H5)(CO)F[graphic omitted]S(MLn)]SO3CF3, ascertained by an X-ray crystal-structure determination of complex with MLn= Fp; the reactivity of the exocyclic sulphur atom has been studied.


The following result is proved in this work. Consider a set of $\mathfrak D_N $ not surpassing the N of the denominators of those ultimate chain fractions, all incomplete private which belong to the alphabet 1, 2, 3, 5. Then inequality is fulfilled $|\mathfrak{D}_N|\gg N^{0.99}$. The calculation, made on a similar Burgeyin theorem -- Of Kontorovich 2011, gives the answer $\mathfrak D_N \gg N^{0.80}$.


Modulation format recognition (MFR) has become a challenging topic with the development of multi-format hybrid transmission. Although MFR in communication systems has been widely studied, it is still not well developed for satellite communication systems. Deep learning (DL) has been demonstrated outstanding performance in quite a few fields. This paper studied the use of DL in the MFR for satellite communication systems. For research and application, DL relies on a large amount of data, which can be collected from communication systems. In addition, DL has the advantage of not requiring manual feature selection, which significantly decreases the complexity of MFR task. In this article, we used a DL model based on convolutional neural network (CNN) to test the accuracy of MFR. In addition, we also conducted comparative measurements with traditional ML-based algorithms. The simulation results showed remarkable performance of DL in MFR task of the satellite communication system, which proves the feasibility of its application.


BY V. E. SHELFORD, Contribution from the Zoological Laboratories, University of Illinois, No. 370 F OR savage and uncivilized man the flowering of certain plants and appearance of certain animals must have been an important guide to hunting, fishing, fruit gathering and primitive agriculture. The time of flowering and fruiting of various plants is still an important guide to many agricultural operations. Part of the work of several important weather stations still consists in recording the status of certain flowering plants, grown for the purpose of adding biological data to that obtained from instruments. Calendars of periodic events have been used in connection with agricultural practice for thousands of years. Becquerel (1853) describes several calendars. A Chinese calendar of 700 B.C. does not differ essentially from some spray calendars of twenty-five years ago. According to this Chinese calendar, swallows arrive in the Hoang Ho Valley from the gth of April to the 8th of May. According to a Roman calendar of 45 A.D. they arrive in Spain the list to 28th of February. The Chinese and Roman calendars were compared with a Moorish calendar for Spain of 96I A.D. which recites the agricultural operations and periodic events of each month. Becquerel also discusses a calendar for Spain of 155ii and was able to draw some general conclusions from these several in accord with his own observations and those of other European workers. In the first half of the nineteenth century attention appears to have centered upon a generalization as to the relations of a given periodic event, as for example the flowering of a particular widely distributed plant, or appearance of a particular animal to altitude and latitude. Thus in I830 according to Hopkins (I9I8) Schubler found that between Parma, Italy, and Greifswald, Prussia, periodic events were later in spring by four days for each degree of latitude and for each ioo meters of altitude. Hopkins finds also that Fritsch stated a similar principle in i866. Hopkins' own work is applied to the prediction of the dates free from infesting stages of the Hessian fly. His work is, however, directly descended from the earliest type of observation, carried on without thermometers or other instrumental studies.


The double solutions with chaos and soliton exist in some nonlinear equations,whose physical meaning is the wave-particle duality,etc.Then the quantum theory of soliton is researched.For one thing the soliton theory is developed to quantization,for another the quantization is used by the soliton method.The quantized soliton just corresponds to the extensive quantum theory.Finally,some applications on nonlinear mathematics are discussed.The nonlinear mathematics is a necessary condition for the evolvement and phase transition,etc.The nonlinearity of mathematics and physics,chemistry,astronomy,biology and so on should be together developed.


Graph Grammars have recently become more and more popular as a general formal modeling language. Behavioral modeling of dynamic systems and model to model transformations are a few well-known examples in which graphs have proven their usefulness in software engineering. A special type of graph transformation systems is layered graphs. Layered graphs are a suitable formalism for modeling hierarchical systems. However, most of the research so far concentrated on graph transformation systems as a modeling means, without considering the need for suitable analysis tools. In this paper we concentrate on how to analyze these models. We will describe our approach to show how one can verify the designed graph transformation systems. To verify graph transformation systems we use a novel approach: using Bogor model checker to verify graph transformation systems. The AGG-like graph transformation systems are translated to BIR — the input language of Bogor — and Bogor verifies that model against some properties defined by combining LTL and special purpose graph rules. Supporting schema-based and layered graphs characterize our approach among existing solutions for verification of graph transformation systems.


The paper provides a rational reconstruction and critique of certain theoretical analyses by inter-war Australian economists of the impact of population on per capita income. It reviews and criticises the attempt by F.C. Benham in 1930 to apply the Wicksell-Cannan theory of optimal population to Australia. And it highlights Arthur Smithies's novel model of 1938 in which increasing returns in manufactures is invoked to establish the existence of an optimal population in a two-sector framework. The present paper's reconstructions indicate that the apparently simplicity of these 'optimal population' theories belied theoretical difficulties that Benham and Smithies did not fully acknowledge.


Lasers can be used to detect reactive species in plasmas and high-temperature gas-phase environments. Such information gives insight into the chemistry and physics associated with processing techniques such as plasma etching and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) which are used in the fabrication of microelectronic devices. Using tunable dye lasers and excimer lasers we have detected

 Cl

 2
 +

 (in a Cl2 radio frequency discharge), and InCl, GaCl, PH3, P2, AsH3, and As2, (in a CVD reactor), and have characterized their dependence on variables such as applied radio frequency, gas composition, flow rate, and temperature. Lasers can also be directed at the substrate surface to influence etching and deposition chemistry. For example, we have demonstrated epitaxial growth of InP thin films on (100) InP substrates by ArF excimer laser-induced photodecomposition of (CH3)3ln and P(CH3)3. The laser not only decomposes the parent compound in the gas phase, but also stimulates removal of carbon and anneals the film to promote epitaxy. Excimer laser stimulated growth of GaAs is also discussed.


These investigations are a continuation of our previous studies on the lipids in the blood in syphilis. Our former work was carried out on the whole blood of the patient, whereas in this series the analyses were made on the blood serum, and in order to obtain a more complete picture of the biochemical findings, we included the determination of the albumin-globulin ratio on each specimen. The reason for this change to the blood serum lay in our desire to study the relationship of the lipids, albumin and globulin to the Wassermann reaction, other workers on this problem having claimed that examination of the serum was more accurate than that of the whole blood. Analyses were made of the total lipids, total cholesterol, cholesterol esters, free cholesterol, percentage of free cholesterol, lecithin, albumin and globulin. The accompanying tables and charts give summaries of the data obtained in our investigations; however,


We present a number of experiments testing influential hypotheses about the meaning of definite descriptions (in languages with articles, represented here by German) and bare nominals (in articleless languages, represented here by Russian). Our results are in line with the commonly entertained hypothesis that definite descriptions convey uniqueness (if singular) or maximality (if plural), but fail to support two hypotheses about bare nominal interpretation, namely that singular bare nominals convey uniqueness ( Dayal 2004) and that topical bare nominals convey uniqueness/maximality ( Geist 2010, among many others). Uniqueness or maximality inferences are expected to arise via covert type-shifting under these approaches. Our results are compatible with what we take to be the null hypothesis, namely that bare nominals in articleless languages are existential and free of presuppositional semantics, even if they correspond—in their use—to definite descriptions ( Heim 2011).


This paper presents a novel method for voice activity detection (VAD) by combining decisions of different VAD. To evaluate the proposed technique we include several well known industrial methods to compute VAD decisions on three data sets of varying complexity. We use the outputs of these methods as an input for our decision-level fusion algorithm to produce new VAD labeling and compare them to the original results. Our experiments indicate that the fusion is useful especially when low speech miss rate is desired. The best results were obtained on the most challenging Lab dataset, with low false alarm rate and comparable miss rate.


Fishery development in Province of South Sulawesi can be devided into two categories, they are marine culture and fisheries, include wild fishery and aquaculture. One of aquaculture is brackish water pond. There are several kinds of fish that can grow in brackish water pond, such as milkfish. Milkfish is a potential commodity which is not only for consume but also for export to abroad. The aim of this research is to knowing the factors which affects the production of milkfish in fishpond. The basic research which used is Explanatory Research. This research takes place in Ma'rang subdistrict Pangkep District. The population is all fisherman which total there are 804 fishermen. Simple random sampling is used to get 80 fishermen as samples. They are consist 57 fishermen in Talaka Village and 23 fishermen in Pitue Village. Primary data is gathered by doing interview with the fishermen. This research is used Cobb-Douglas function for analysis. The results of this research show variable of area of fish raising place, young milkfish, fertilizer, burden and region dummy are have significant effect toward production of milkfish in brackish water pond, while labour, feed, age and experience have no effect toeard production pf milkfish in brackish water pond.


Background:  Peritoneal dissemination of malignancy is usually considered incurable. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of intraperitoneal chemohyperthermia and cytoreductive surgery.