Different installation angles of raised pavement markers (RPMs) correspond to different incident angles of light, which affects the retroreflective performance of the RPMs. This paper explores how adjustments to the installation angle of the RPMs on a horizontal curve section affect a driver's line of sight induction. The conditions under which RPMs achieve the optimal effect of retroreflection are confirmed, and a driver's visual range at night is analyzed. The incident angle of light and the installation angle of RPMs are calculated when the optimal effect of retroreflection is achieved and the RPMs are installed along the radial direction (normal conditions). The differences in incident angles are compared. The results show that the differences in the incident angle under the two installment modes decrease as the radius increases, with a maximum value of 5.9 degrees. The improvement of the retroreflection with variations in the incident angle is analyzed using the STT-201A RPM measuring instrument. When the incident angle is decreased by 5.9 degrees and the observed angle is less than 2 degrees, the average increase in the coefficient of the retroreflection is only 12.6%, indicating that the improvement of the retroreflection is not obvious. Therefore, a driver's perception of road alignment cannot be significantly improved by adjusting the installation angle of RPMs. Considering the complexity of the construction of a project, the installation angle should not be changed under normal conditions; namely, the RPMs should still be installed along the radial direction.


Aggregate statistics readily indicate why so many observers of financial markets in the United States are concerned about the balance between debt and equity 'in the American corporate financial structure. In most years before 1984, net equity issues by United States nonfinancial corporations have exceeded zero. Since 1984, however, net equity issues have been negative. Net equity retirements averaged approximately $80 billion annually during the period 1984-87 and $131 billion in 1988. 1 There are many ways of calculating debt-equity ratios, however, and not every measure provides such a sharp picture of recent events. The change in the value of corporate equity over any period equals net equity issues plus changes in the value of existing equity. Because of the strong performance of the stock market during the 1980s, the ratio of the stock of debt to the stock of equity, measured at market value, began rising only in 1987, the year of the stock market crash. There is little consensus about how debt-equity ratios should be measured to evaluate recent events. The continuing strength of corporate borrowing, combined with the historically unusual magnitude of equity redemptions, has led to many theories seeking to explain the new behavior and has evoked calls for tax reform by those attributing the borrowing to flaws in the tax system. Congressional hearings in early 1989 drew comments linking the corporate tax system to the p.et increase in debt. 2 The 1989 draft of the American Law Institute's Reporter's Distribution Proposals advanced the suggestion that a corporate dividends-paid deduction, coupled with a corporate minimum tax on


THE VALSALVA MANEUVER (VM), or the act of exhaling against a closed glottis, is the natural response to static or heavy lifting tasks. Although it is true that the VM results in a pronounced systolic blood pressure response (SBP), there are several potential advantages to a brief breath-hold during resistive exercise. Some are performance-related; still others address the very safety concerns of those who contraindicate the VM. The fear of damage to the cardiovascular system has led most trainers and therapists to urge against any breath holding during resisted exercise. In light of recent evidence, however, this may be largely unjustified. Concurrent with the increase in SBP, the VM causes increased intrathoracic pressure (ITP), intracranial pressure (ICP), and intra-abdominal pressure (IAP). A recent study by Haykowsky et al. (1) revealed that cerebral arterial stress is substantially lower when resistance exercise is performed with a VM, rather than without. This was due to the SBP increase being accompanied by the increased ICP, the latter, in effect, canceling out the effects of the former. A similar finding was revealed for left ventricular wall stress (2). Taken together, these findings seem to reveal a paradoxical cardioprotective effect during resistance training. The VM may also offer an orthopedic benefit. Intra-abdominal pressure is also increased with breath holding, especially when combined with abdominal and intercostal contractions. This is important during lifting tasks such as the squat or Romanian deadlifts, which result in compression of the intervertebral discs. Much like a weight belt, the VM results in a healthy decompression, which may help prevent lumbar injury. From a performance standpoint, the increased IAP and ITP may together serve to stabilize and strengthen efforts of musculature attached to the trunk. Additionally, the VM is a practical necessity in movements such as the front squat, push press, and squat clean, wherein the bar is supported on the front deltoids and clavicles. Exhaling too early during these movements can cause the lifter to either lose the bar or expend far too much lumbar effort in an attempt to save the lift. Finally, the VM is a near impossibility to avoid in efforts exceeding 80% maximum ventilatory capacity. These considerations combined create a strong argument for allowing at least a brief VM during resistance training movements. ▲


We investigated two factors that determine accurate memory for justice-related information: Justice Sensitivity as a personality factor is argued to shape the elaboration and accessibility of representations in the domain of justice of an individual learner, whereas the framing of the learning situation determines whether justice concepts are activated during learning. Consequently, both factors determine the degree of elaboration of encoding of new justicerelated
information and, thus, the accuracy of memory at a later point in time. In an incidental learning study, seventy-six students received information on the selection of Elite Universities in Germany with the instruction to either rate the perceived novelty of the information or its perceived justice. A week later, they completed a recognition test. Recognition was tested for just, unjust, and justice-unrelated information. Results indicated that both variables — Justice
Sensitivity and the framing of the learning situation — are functionally equivalent and shape accuracy of memory for justice-related information in a synergistic interaction.


In this study, the response surface methodology was used to optimize the process parameters of constant speed horizontal spindle surface grinding. The experiments were conducted based on the design expert software. The surface roughness characteristics were investigated in AISI 1080 steel plates using A60V5V grinding wheels. The optimum parameters for minimum surface roughness were found using Design Expert software. The parameters for a particular surface roughness value can also be determined using the results of this experiment. This results shows that feed has a greater effect on surface roughness and feed has medium effect on surface roughness. While dressing depth of cut has a very minimal effect on surface roughness.


Unlike northern drama in the Yuan dynasty, which was centered on Za ju, the dramas in the Ming and Qing dynasties performed in the southern areas such as Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangxi, and Fujian Provinces were mostly in the form of chuanqi. Presently, relatively more southern dramas from the Ming and Qing dynasties have been saved, and many new dramatic scripts are continuously being discovered. Research on carefully emended editions of southern dramas has become an important part of study of southern Chinese culture. In the case of Yu Zhi Huan, we researched the appearance of the edition, its state of conservation, the derivation of its subject matter, its relation to novels that similarly belong to the category of popular literature; we also studied the cultural background of its creation and transmission. Today, there are two rare versions of chuanqi named Yu Zhi Huan from the Qing dynasty, respectively housed in Nanjing Library and Shanghai Library. Both have been regarded as the author's draft. However, by comparison of these two versions, it is clear that neither is the author's, and the version in Nanjing Library is the earlier copy which better reflects the original. Zhang Meng-qi, before he became an official in 1838, wrote this drama portraying his many personal hardships. Its narrative characteristics indicate that this drama was well beyond the old pattern of love stories about literati and prostitutes. The discovery of Wu Mei's manuscript Preface to the Yu Zhi Huan Chuanqi gives an important opportunity to reread this drama, understand dramatic culture shown in its transmission and improve the study of the academic history of dramas.


This bachelor thesis deals with the ways of processing the ferment in connection to the final quality of the distillate. It depicts requirements for raw materials, their treatment and factors affecting the fermentation itself. Furthermore, the reaction course of ethanol fer-mentation and micro-organisms' impact on the process are described. The thesis leads to the conclusion that the duration and process of fermentation depend on various agents. Among the most important ones are the temperature, pH, accessibility of nutrients, the occurrence of stimulative and inhibitive substances, concentration of the substrate and access of oxygen.


This paper studied application of fiber-optic and wireless communication technology in remote communication system for transmission line based on CMA and proposed the typical design scheme for different applications. The design of CMA which realized monitoring data centralized and upload had been given. The remote communication system used OPGW communication scheme had been constructed and run well, which has important significance for the construction of transmission line monitoring system.


ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATIONCrossing the Special-General Education Divide at the Post-Secondary Level:Observations and Outcomes of Co-Teaching across CurriculaByTalya Louise DrescherDoctor of Philosophy in Special EducationUniversity of California, Los Angeles, 2015California State University, Los Angeles, 2015Professor Sandra Graham, ChairThis dissertation contains two case studies aimed at expanding the body of literature on the topic of collaborative teaching in pre-service education programs designed to prepare general and special education teachers in collaboratively taught courses. The intention of the study was to document the process of preparing for and teaching collaborative education courses, and to determine students' perception of collaboration, inclusion and disability knowledge as a result of taking the course. Two different sessions (Study 1 and Study 2) of collaborative teaching run by different pairs of teachers were each studied over a 10-week quarter at a large public university. Multiple sources of data were collected over the 10 week quarters, including observations, focus groups, document review, and pre- and post-course survey responses. Study 1 professors largely demonstrated the one teach, one assist method of collaborative teaching, most often delivering lectures independent of one another. Study 2 professors meticulously planned each session before class to model co-teaching and utilize the infusion method of teaching collaboration and disability for six shorter segments during the 10 week quarter. Qualitative findings suggest that there are positive student outcomes regardless of collaborative model utilized. Benefits include an opportunity for students to witness professors modeling collaboration; a practice required of many general and special educators to include children with disabilities in general education classes, and an opportunity often missing in pre-service programs. By using the infusion model of teaching disability as modeled in Study 2, positive outcomes increased further. Quantitative findings demonstrated significantly increased knowledge of disability for Study 2 general education participants. Additionally, qualitative findings show among Study 2 participants, a greater willingness to collaborate with peers in class and in the workplace. Ultimately, modeling collaboration and a positive attitude toward disability, collaboration, and inclusion provides professors an opportunity to help guide and shape pre-service teachers' attitudes toward collaboration. Additionally, the infusion model of teaching disability shows great promise for providing disability knowledge to general education pre-service students who may otherwise receive minimal disability related coursework.


A peptide consisting of 10 amino acids derived from the CH3 region of human IgG was shown to bind to monocytes and to inhibit rosette formation of antibody-coated erythrocytes with human monocytes. Two myeloma proteins of the IgG1 and IgG3 subclass, both with known deletions in the CH2 region of the gamma chain, showed unimpaired ability to bind to monocytes. These experiments suggest that the isolated peptide represents the primary site of attachment of IgG to monocytes.


Introduction: Ablation for ventricular tachycardia (VT) or premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) is common. Ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF) has been shown to impose risk of subclinical cereb...


Corrections: on Page 38 in the 4th line of text, the information in brackets (Figure 1, 2, 3a and 4) was replaced on 24th June 2013 with (Figure 1. 2 3b and 4). The number of the references has also been changed. The corrected PDF is available by clicking the link below. Aim: To analyze the characteristics of symptomatic Tarlov cysts by MRI. Materials and Methods: Neuroimaging and clinical outcome data were reviewed of 48 consecutive patients treated for symptomatic Tarlov cysts. All patients were scanned under Philips Gyroscan Intera 1.5T scanner with spinal surface coils. Two widely used surgical procedures were performed, 1) incision and drainage of the cyst with imbrication of the redundant nerve root sheath, and 2) exposure of the cyst, drainage of cyst contents, identification of nerve roots, and cyst wall resection combined with duraplasty. The post-operation follow-up was obtained from return visits to the neurosurgery and orthopaedic out-patient department or by telephone questionnaires. Results: All cystic lesions showed hypointense signal intensity on T1WI and hyperintense signal intensity on T2WI, but the nerve root showed iso-intensity on T1WI and low signal intensity on T2WI. They were linear in shape on sagittal view, and hypo intense dotted spots within the cysts on traverse view. Surrounding structures of the larger cysts were compressed and had bone erosions in some cases; the spinal canal and the intervertebral foramen on the affected side were enlarged. The lesions/cyst wall showed no enhancement after gadolinium administration. Conclusion: MRI will give a definite diagnosis of Tarlov cysts if nerve root presents within the cyst cavity or in the cyst wall; eliminating the need for histological confirmation. A correct analysis of the characteristics of symptomatic Tarlov cysts by MRI, will document its usefulness in noninvasive diagnosis and aid in exploration of the simplest treatment method. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v4i3.8056 Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 4(2013) 35-42


The current state, opportunities and prospects of development of the insurance services market in Ukraine are reviewed in the article.
Various factors and objective circumstances influence on the development of the world and national insurance services markets. The priority feature of the national and world economy development during recent years is the globalization of financial institutions. The capitals' movement is the substantial basis of integration and globalization processes. The insurance market is an integral part of the national financial market, so it primarily affected by globalization. This market reacts almost instantly to dynamic processes in the global economic environment and reflects the main trends that determine the formation of modern insurance space. Current crisis differs from the previous one by the significant restrictions for free movement due to the pandemic. The aim of the study is to estimate the most necessary adaptive and transformational changes for insurance companies to ensure their functioning in Ukraine taking in account factors caused by the pandemic. The domestic insurance market has many negative challenges. The issue of quarantine imminent consequences and it affection on the participants of the insurance market is equally important.
The limitations and restrictions for the free movement is the main feature of crisis under the pandemic. The impact of external and internal factors on insurance market activity in Ukraine analyzed. The decreasing of the number of insurance companies through objectively-direct consequences of pandemic determined. The set of the medical insurance programs aimed at the case of COVID -19 that offered by Ukrainian insurance companies reviewed. Results of the operating insurance programs estimated. The legislative changes in the insurance sphere caused by a pandemic analyzed. All necessary measures for defense and support people in pandemic implemented by the government. The current and potential threats & possibilities that allow to save and fix insurance companies positions at the insurance services market grounded.


Ujung Kulon National Park (TNUK) used camera traps to help monitoring the occurrence of Javan Rhinos (Rhinos sondaicus) but the result accidentally recorded the occurrence of Javan Hawk-eagle (JHE). According to the latest habitat modelling, JHE's presence was only in highland forests. The new report of JHE occurrence in TNUK confirmed JHE's presence in lowland forest. The objective of this study was to identify the landscape characteristics that become the habitat preferences of JHE in TNUK. Observation and analysis were conducted around the occurrence location to obtain the information about JHE's preferences for selecting their nesting and hunting sites. Vegetation analysis was conducted to obtain Important Value Index (IVI) and diversity index that represented plants species domination. The results indicated that in TNUK lowland forest, JHE's habitat was distinguished into two habitat preferences based on the behaviour. JHE hunted and nested around Cigenter River and its tributary with sloping ground. Hunting and nesting habitats were both dominated by bay trees (Syzygium polyanthum) with IVI of 88.97% and 69.49%, respectively. Tree dominance that provided habitats for JHE's diet was an important factor in determining hunting preferences, while species diversity was an important factor in determining nesting preferences.


Diarrhea caused by rotaviral(RV)is the first reason for the disease of infantile diarrhea.The studies progress of rotaviral enteritis which is about the theory and clinical research is summarized from points of Chinese medicine and western medicine.The defects and directions of current research are pointed out in this article.It is confirmed that the specific medicine for rotaviral enteritis currently can not be found in western medicine.But the function of traditional Chinese medicine is outstanding to this disease.At the same time,it is very convenient and efficient.The extensive application is predictable in the future.


iv CHAPTER 1: GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1 CHAPTER 2: BASIC CONCEPTS 7 CHAPTER 3: SCALE-UP OF AQUEOUS REDUCTIVE 32 PRECIPITATION OF PALLADIUM METAL CHAPTER 4: VALIDATION OF THE QUADRATURE 82 METHOD OF MOMENTS FOR AGGREGATION PROCESSES CHAPTER 5: INVESTIGATION OF THE PRECIPITATION 92 OF ANILINE HYDROCHLORIDE IN CHLOROBENZENE: DETERMINATION OF PRECIPITATION KINETICS AND INVESTIGATION OF THE REACTION IN TAYLOR-COUETTE FLOW CHAPTER 6: GENERAL CONCLUSIONS 132 APPENDIX 135 REFERENCES 144 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 150


Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) optical networks are often operated using first-fit (FF) wavelength assignment algorithms. These FF algorithms have the advantage of reducing wavelength fragmentation in the network fiber links. Unfortunately, analytically quantifying the blocking probability due to fragmentation and lack of wavelength availability is a challenging problem when using a FF wavelength assignment algorithm. Contributing to the model complexity are two factors: the traffic peakedness which is wavelength dependent, and the strong dependency of wavelength availability between link pairs. The former is caused by the incoming lightpath requests which overflow from wavelength to wavelength in the order chosen by the FF algorithm. The latter is caused by the wavelength continuity constraint, which must be satisfied in order to avoid the use of costly wavelength converters. In this paper, the authors present an improved approximate analytical model, which takes both factors into consideration while estimating the blocking probability in WDM networks that operate with fixed routing scheme, FF wavelength assignment algorithm, and wavelength continuity constraint. The results show that the model can accurately estimate the blocking probability in relatively small WDM networks with less than ten wavelengths. The model is then applied to estimate the performance gap between two fixed routing schemes, one minimizing the lightpath hop count, and the other maximizing the lightpath signal to noise ratio at the receiver.


The construction of one-dimensional hydraulic model for a water flow based on the integration of the Saint-Venant plane equations recorded in a curvilinear coordinate system is discussed. While compared with a standard model, the model constructed by the author makes it possible to calculate the river''s volume and the surface area together with flood plains of significant width more precisely. The conclusion of the paper has a list of advantages of the produced model: 1) the correct calculation of the volume and areas of the surface of the river and its flood plains; 2) in case of a complicated geometry of the mouth of the river with many of the islands, the researcher expects to obtain precise number of the live mouth of the river and the module of the river discharge; 3) a more precise definition of volume-based characteristics of the flood plain and the correction of the figures that show the location of the water waves in floods.


This paper explores the effects of adding augmented reality (AR) artefacts to an existing TV programme. A prototype was implemented augmenting a popular nature documentary. Synchronised content was delivered over a Microsoft HoloLens and a TV. Our preliminary findings suggest that the addition of AR to an existing TV programme can result in creation of engaging experiences. However, presenting content outside the traditional TV window challenges traditional storytelling conventions and viewer expectations. Further research is required to understand the risks and opportunities presented when adding AR artefacts to TV.


Frailty is an accumulation of deficits that stem from impairments in multiple organ systems, potentially including the vasculature. Older women typically have higher frailty scores than older men, but it is unknown if there are sex differences in the relation of frailty to physiological function. Endothelial function declines with age on average, but there is a high variability in the amount of decline. Thus, we sought to determine sex differences in the relation of frailty to endothelial dysfunction among old mice.


Fluorescent Pseudomonas has been reported to associate with root nodules of a number of plants and play role in plant disease suppression and increased plant growth. However their role in nodule formation is still unclear. In a gnotobiotic experiment, combined effect of two isolates each of fluorescent Pseudomonas (NAFP-19 and NAFP-32) and rhizobia (Rhizobium vignae (NFB-103) and R. vignae (NFB-109) on nodules of mungbean was evaluated. The results showed an increase in the number of nodule primordia, mature nodules and the concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus in mungbean plants. In screen house experiment, garden soil which was naturally infested with root rotting fungi and rhizobia was used. Dual application of Pseudomonas and rhizobia in the garden soil produced greater number of nodules per plant and higher nitrogen fixation than when rhizobia were used alone. Dual application of bacteria also suppressed root rotting fungi. The results showed that nodule associated fluorescent Pseudomonas played a role in plant-rhizobia symbiosis.


Adaptive fuzzy-inference (FI) multistage matrix Wiener filtering (MMWF) techniques, based on the minimum mean-square error (MMSE) criterion, are proposed for ultrawideband (UWB) impulse radio (IR). These FI-MMWF-based algorithms employ a time-varying fuzzy-inference controlled filter stage. Consequently, the proposed approaches accomplish a substantial saving in complexity without trading-off system performance and dynamic-tracking characteristic. Simulations are conducted to illustrate the convergence/tracking superiority and to provide a comparative evaluation of the proposed algorithms with the MMWF-based schemes using other adaptive stage-selecting criteria.


The present invention relates to a plug connector (10) and a receptacle connector (20) connector means, in particular an electronic shock absorber for an automobile adjustable connector means. The receptacle connector (20) can be rotatably disposed within (21) the receptacle connector housing, and comprising a housing (22), the housing includes formed therein at least one guide groove (24), the guide groove a respective guide element (12) for receiving the plug connector (10), wherein the guide groove (24) has a funnel-shaped opening (25) for receiving the guide element (12), so that the plug connector (10) when inserted into the receptacle connector (20), the guide element (12) capable of opening to the funnel-shaped portion (25) of the receptacle connector contact (20) on rotation to the plug connector (10) correctly positive orientation.


Abstract The European Union Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) publishes data for the representative farms of several European Union (EU) farm types, regions and countries. In this database, the published data for the farm types allow us to assess several agricultural policies. In fact, the FADN publishes data for the EU farming types and there are not many studies about these fields in the whole European context. This study aims to bring novelty for the whole spectrum of stakeholder types in these domains. The analysis of these impacts may bring relevant insights, especially, for adjustments in the design of future strategies and plans. We analyse the evolution of the EU farm types in the last two decades with significant scenario changes like two large common agricultural policy (CAP) reforms (2003 and 2013) and suggest new approaches to the design for future measures. Statistical information from the FADN over the period 2004–2018 is considered. In addition, efficiency and productivity assessments are carried out, to assess the implications of the most recent instruments of the CAP. The results show that the policy instruments in the framework of the 2013 CAP justify the use of more inputs (or at least at higher costs) for the same level of output. In fact, the subsidies given to the farmers since 2014 mask the inefficiencies underlying some farm types. A significant decrease in the total factor productivity confirmed this trend, despite positive growth rates for the total verified output for several farm types over the period.


Objective To investigate the significance of three-dimensional ultrasound(3DUS) volume imaging in screening women at 13-16 weeks of gestation.Methods One hundred and eighty-one women at 13-16 weeks of gestation were scanned by 2DUS and 3DUS.Then the examination time,the display rate of fetal main anatomic structure and the measurement of grow indexes of two methods were compared.Results The mean time of 2DUS was(13.2±4.1) min,while the mean time of 3DUS was(7.8±1.3)min,and that meant about 5 min saving per examination.The display rate of fetal lateral cerebral ventricle,spinal column,chest,abdomen,upper extremity and lower extremity were 100% by 3DUS,and the display rate of cranial bone by 3DUS was less than that by 2DUS,there was no significant difference between two methods(P=0.25).The display rate of eyes,heart and magenblase by 3DUS were less than those by 2DUS(P0.01).Compared with 2DUS,the measurement of biparietal diameter,head circumference,abdominal circumference and femur length by 3DUS,the percentage of measurements less than 1mm was 85%,and less than 2mm was 95%.Conclusion 3DUS volume imaging technique shows the advantage of time efficiency and less user dependence,it can display fetal main anatomic structure,and there is no difference in the measurement of fetus growth index between 3DUS and 2DUS.


Jean-Luc Marion advances a controversial argument for a God free of all categories of Being. Taking a characteristically postmodern stance, Marion challenges a fundamental premise of both metaphysics and neo-Thomist theology: that God, before all else, must be. Rather, he locates a "God without Being" in the realm of agape, of Christian charity or love. This volume, the first translation into English of the work of this leading Catholic philosopher, offers a contemporary perspective on the nature of God. "An immensely thoughtful book. . . . It promises a rich harvest. Marion's highly original treatment of the idol and the icon, the Eucharist, boredom and vanity, conversion and prayer takes theological and philosophical discussions to a new level." Norman Wirzba, "Christian Century""


Abstract A complete solid solution has been hydrothermally synthesized between the two end- members LaPO4 and (Ca05Th0.5)PO4 at 780 ℃ and 200 MPa, indicating that there is no limitation in temperature and pressure conditions corresponding to those of granitic magmas for Th insertion in natural monazites. The composition limits of the (A3+1-2xB2+xC4+x)PO4 compounds crystallized in the monazite structure-type are determined by both raverage = (1 - 2x) [9]rA³+ + x [9]rB²+ + x [9]rC⁴+ and rratio = (1 - x)[9]rA³+ + [9]rB²+/(1-x)[9]rA³+ + x [9]rC⁴+ parameters (where [9]rA is the ionic radius of the A element in ninefold coordination). The upper and lower values of these parameters are 1.216 Å ≥ raverage ≥ 1.107 Å and 1.238 ≥ rratio ≥ 1. The incorporation of large amounts of trans-uranium elements in the monazite structure is deduced from this model. The limitations and geochronological inferences of this model are discussed.


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When the weather closes in and winter threatens to bite, many animals hibernate to see them through the harsh winter months. During hibernation, metabolism is down-regulated by decreasing energy expenditure for long periods and reducing an animal's heart rate and blood flow,


This paper presents a compression scheme for mesh geometry, which is suitable for mobile graphics. The main focus is to enable real-time decoding of compressed vertex positions while providing reasonable compression ratios. Our scheme is based on local quantization of vertex positions with mesh partitioning. To prevent visual seams along the partitioning boundaries, we constrain the locally quantized cells of all mesh partitions to have the same size and aligned local axes. We propose a mesh partitioning algorithm to minimize the size of locally quantized cells, which relates to the distortion of a restored mesh. Vertex coordinates are stored in main memory and transmitted to graphics hardware for rendering in the quantized form, saving memory space and system bus bandwidth. Decoding operation is combined with model geometry transformation, and the only overhead to restore vertex positions is one matrix multiplication for each mesh partition.


Objective To investigate the expression of VEGF,C-erbB-2 and GCDFP-15 in salivery duct carcinoma(SDC) and their clinical significance.Methods Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression of VEGF,C-erbB-2 and GCDFP-15 in SDC by contrast with both pleomorphic adenoma of salivary gland and sialocele.Results Immunohistochemical staining for expression VEGF,C-erbB-2 and GCDFP-15 was carried out in all SDC,while 80%,70% and 0% in pleomorphic adenoma of salivary gland and 40%,0% and 0% in sialocele respectively.There was a statistical significance among those(P0.05).Conclusion VEGF might play an important role in carcinogenesis and development in SDC,C-erbB-2 and GCDFP-15 might be used as markers for pathological diagnosis of SDC.


OBJECTIVE
To assess the impact of margin status on disease-free survival, overall survival, and organ preservation in early glottic cancer treated by endoscopic laser surgery.

DESIGN
Prospective nonrandomized study.

SETTING
Tertiary referral center.

PATIENTS
A total of 274 patients with untreated (possibly biopsied) cTis, cT1a/b, cT2, cN0 glottic cancer; adequate exposure of the glottic region; no contraindications to general anesthesia; and the ability to give informed consent.

INTERVENTIONS
European Laryngological Society laser cordectomy. Patients with negative margins (>1 mm) were followed, patients with close margins (< or =1 mm) or 1 positive margin (tumor on margin) had another operation, and patients with more than 1 positive margin had postoperative radiotherapy. Median follow-up was 58 months.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Eight-year disease-free survival, 5-year overall survival, and organ preservation rate.

RESULTS
Margins were negative in 180 patients, close in 40, and positive in 54. A second laser resection was performed in 36 of 94 patients with close or positive margins. Radiotherapy was administered to 36 patients. Patients with close or positive margins who did not undergo further treatment had a greater recurrence risk (hazard ratio, 2.53; 95% confidence interval, 0.97-6.59, P = .06) than did those with negative margins, mainly owing to relapses in 5 of the 8 protocol breakers with positive margins not treated further. Eight-year relapse-free survival was 88.2%, 5-year overall survival was 90.9%, and the larynx was preserved in 97.1%.

CONCLUSIONS
Laser removal of early glottic cancer is oncologically adequate with margins greater than 1 mm from the tumor edge. Positive margins require further treatment; close margins may require further treatment depending on tumor characteristics.


The magnetic storm of August 2 to 3 occurred during a quiescent period on the Sun. This storm began at 12h GMT, August 2, and ended at 10h, August 3, with a range in H of 185γ. On August 18, a magnetic disturbance occurred from 06h to 13h GMT (=GCT). The range in H was 75γ. No sunspots were observed from July 31 to August 4.


In contemporary society, with the increasing difficulty of tasks required by robots, multi-robot system has gradually become a research hotspot. As multi-robot task allocation is an important part of multi-robot system cooperation, it has also become a hot topic of research. In this paper, particle swarm optimization is used as the basic optimization tool to study the optimization solution of multi-robot task allocation problem. The multi-robot task allocation problem solved by the improved particle swarm optimization, the three main control parameters of the particle swarm optimization are updated by the linear parameter updating rule. Finally, the MATLAB simulation verification is given. The simulation results show that the algorithm has good adaptability in solving the multi-robot task allocation problem.


Among technology leaders burdened with unmet and ill-defined goals, setting engineering targets is the rage, promising specific results to people, corporations, and government. Whether the demand is for capping the rise in Earth's temperature, creating therapies to halt memory loss in the elderly, or expanding farm output to meet the world's growing population, the answer is the same: Set targets.


ON THE FRONT COVER: NRK 49F (with endogenous Septin2‐GFP) cell stained with antibodies against GFP, Septin7 and Septin2 (cyan), alpha/beta‐tubulin (magenta) and expanded.Credit: Nadja Hümpfer and Helge Ewers, Freie Universität Berlinimage


This LCL filters are widely used in grid connected inverters. When the transmission (grid) impedance is not considered, active damping is usually achieved by increasing the capacitance current inner loop. However, when the line impedance is considered, the active damping coefficient of the capacitor current inner loop becomes larger with the increase of the grid impedance. The excessive damping coefficient leads to a sharp decline in the phase margin of the open loop transfer function of the system, which affects the stability of the system. In this paper, another active damping is realized by increasing the inner loop feedback of the grid current on the basis of the inner loop of the capacitive current. The active damping coefficient of the grid current inner loop becomes smaller with the increase of the transmission impedance. Combining the two active damping methods and the grid voltage feed-forward, the equivalent damping coefficient of the system is little influenced by the transmission impedance of, thus it can adapt to the larger transmission impedance range. The simulation results show that the proposed hybrid active damping voltage feed-forward control strategy is correct.


SUMMARY: A dextranase-producing, aerobic Gram-negative bacterium closely related to Cytophaga johnsonii has been isolated. The dextranase is attached to the outer membrane of the envelope. Dextran is required as an inducer in the culture medium; when grown on starch or gelatin, membrane-bound amylase and proteinase are synthesized adaptively.


Background and Purpose— A circadian variation with a morning peak on waking and arising is known to occur in both blood pressure (BP) and cardiovascular event onset. A second peak in BP has been described to occur after an afternoon sleep (siesta). This study was designed to investigate the hypothesis that the 2-peak diurnal variation of BP is dependent on physical activity and occurs in parallel with the diurnal variation of stroke onset. Methods— The diurnal variation of stroke onset was compared with the diurnal variation of BP, pulse rate (PR), and physical activity in 3 independent groups of Greek hypertensives 51 to 80 years of age (633 stroke patients, 379 subjects with 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring, and 50 subjects with 24-hour physical activity monitoring through wrist devices). Results— The diurnal variation of stroke onset, BP, and PR all showed 1 morning and 1 evening peak with a decline in the afternoon and at night that occurred in parallel with the diurnal variation in physical activity (P <0.001 for differences among morning, afternoon, evening, and nighttime intervals in BP, PR, activity, and stroke). The afternoon decline in BP, PR, and activity was significant only in subjects with a siesta. Conclusions— The 2-peak diurnal variation in stroke onset occurred in parallel with the variation in BP, PR, and physical activity. These data support the hypothesis that an abrupt change in physical activity is not only a major determinant of the 2-peak diurnal variation of BP but also an important triggering factor for a cerebrovascular event.


Nearly every retailer (or e-tailer) has a methodology for categorizing the products that they sell. However, most of them do not have a clearly defined system (or any system for that matter) for categorizing their customers by the types of products they buy. This is unfortunate since, in the rapidly evolving world of customer relationship management, this level of customer understanding is critical. This paper will develop a methodology for turning product categorization on its ear (so to speak) and into a customer segmentation scheme that is not only straightforward in its production, but also simple in its interpretation. In addition to the development of customer segments, this paper will also present methods for evaluating the performance of segments from a financial perspective. Enhanced targeting is a natural consequence of this, as well as similar evaluation techniques that will suggest themselves. The paper is designed to be 'soup-to-nuts' covering everything from the data manipulation necessary to begin the analysis, all the way through to the financial calculations used to evaluate the segmentation performance. As such, the PROC SUMMARY and PROC SQL from BASE SAS will be prominently utilized, as will PROC FASTCLUS from SAS STAT. The Issue: In most retail marketing shops the focus is product centric. That is, customers get offers based on what they bought most recently, or sometimes what they bought only once. The problem with this type of marketing is that it is highly susceptible to unusual or seasonal purchases (such as gifts). In the brick and mortar world this can be annoying to customers who receive mail offers for products they have no interest in buying. In the ecommerce world, this can be devastating. Because of the relative ease with which customers can opt-out of all future email solicitations, an e-commerce company that does not target effectively will find it's lifeblood list of customers to whom it may solicit rapidly dwindling. One solution to this is to develop a profile of the types of products that customers tend to buy. Pragmatic Segment Development: One way to develop profiles of customers is to examine, individually, all the products that each customer has purchased over his/her lifetime of interaction with the company. While this approach is certainly thorough, it has the drawback of not being very easy to use since the entire order history of each customer under consideration must be scrutinized each time a new campaign is run. Furthermore, relatively new customers are not treated well under this scenario since they have little history on which to base offer generation. Another approach, which this paper advocates, assumes that while all customers are certainly different, there exist only a few broad categories in terms of the type of items customers tend to purchase. By leveraging all available customer order history, general segments can be developed which can then be used to predict the profile of new customers. This scheme is also easy to use since only a few customer segments and their corresponding profiles need be considered. Hypothetical Example: The easiest way to understand the process proposed herein is through an example. Let us suppose that the online camera store 'Shutterbugs' wishes to develop a profile of the types of customers that shop at their site. They currently have a system for classifying their products through a 3-byte field stored in their database; The first byte indicates the high-level type of product, the second it's brand, and the third indicates the specific kind of product. That is, every product can be completely defined by these 3 hierarchical qualifiers. The possible values for these bytes are shown in Table 1. Note that this example is intentionally over-simplified for ease of presentation. Actual schemes may be significantly more complicated. Statistics and Data Analysis


The newly emerged female moths of silkworm race Xiang 7 were stored at 6℃ for 24 hours and then mated with the male moths of Fu 9.Investigation of the oviposition of the females and the economic performance of their filial generation showed that storage of the female moths at 6℃ for 24 hours was feasible and had no negative effect on the economic performance of their descendants.


ABSTRACT This study estimates the carbon stock of Banja Forest which is natural and dry Afromontane forest type in Banja District, northwest of Ethiopia. A systematic sampling method was used to identify each sampling point through the Global Positioning System. A total of 63 plots measuring 20 × 20 m were employed to collect tree species and soil data. Losses on ignition and the Walkley–Black method were used to estimate biomass and soil carbon stock, respectively. The carbon stock of trees was estimated using an allometric equation. The results revealed that the total carbon stock of the forest was 639.87 t/ha whereas trees store 406.47 t/ha, litter, herbs, and grasses (LHGs) 2.58 t/ha and soil 230.82 t/ha (up to 30 cm depth). The carbon pools' carbon stock variation with altitude and slope gradients were not significant (p > 0.05) which was similar to other previous studies. The Banja Forest is a reservoir of high carbon and thus acts as a great sink of the atmospheric carbon. It can be concluded that the Forest plays a role in climate change mitigation. Hence, it should be integrated with reduced emission from deforestation and degradation (REDD+) and the clean development mechanism (CDM) of the Kyoto Protocol to catch monetary benefits.


Recent outbreaks of pertussis in Canada have focused the attention of the public-health community on reports of low whole-cell vaccine efficacy , and subsequently on the possibili of inadequate immunization among children. An accurate assessment of immunization status is essential for studies of vaccine performance, but may be a challenge without reliable immunization records. Important considerations for selecting a source of immunization information include the validity, completeness, and accessibility of the data to be collected. In t absence of a central immunization data bank, retrospective stu of vaccine coverage are often based on multiple sources of information which include interviews with caregivers (most often parents), and reviews of immunization records maintained by physicians, public-health departments, or schools.


Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) production in Brazil has been recently established and is growing, but only a few studies have been published on the topic, particularly involving commercial EVOO samples. A preliminary discrimination of Brazilian EVOOs according to olive cultivar and region of production was conducted. Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) were performed based on the results of recent published work by our research group on the evaluation of the quality parameters, the metabolic profile, and other typical features of commercial EVOOs from Brazil. One of the oleuropein aglycone isomers, linoleic acid, α-tocopherol, and free sterols were found to be the most discriminating variables within the models. PLS-DA also revealed the region of production as a significant factor in samples' clustering. The present work provides a preview of Brazilian EVOOs typicity and discloses the urge for further investigations with a higher number of commercial samples, from different olive cultivars and production regions. The comprehensive definition of the identity of their chemical profiles could provide Brazilian oils with a significant added value, and possibly show distinctive features that could motivate the future establishment of protected designation of origin.


We report the realization of coherent electro-optical detection of nanosecond terahertz (THz) pulses from an optical parametric oscillator, which is pumped by a Q-switched nanosecond Nd:YVO4 laser at 1064 nm and emits at approximately 1.5 THz. The beam profile and wavefront of the THz beam at focus are electro-optically characterized toward the realization of a real-time THz camera. A peak dynamic range of approximately 37 dB/radical Hz is achieved with single-pixel detection.


Objectives: To assess the knowledge, and practice on family planning among the married women of reproductive age group attending At SOS Hospital Mogadishu Somalia. Methodology: It was descriptive, cross-sectional and facility -based study in SOS hospital in Mogadishu-Somalia State during six months (November 2017 – April 2018). A total of 150 women of child bearing age were interviewed regarding their awareness and practices of contraception. Results: The mean ± SD of age was 30.7 ± 7.2 years. The minority of women (40.0%) heard and had knowledge about family planning, while (60.0%) said did not know anything about family planning. Sixty five women (43.3%) practiced family planning, while eight five women (56.7%) did not. Conclusion: The present study concludes that a significant proportion of respondents have poor knowledge about family planning. And practice of contraception and compliance is low.


This essay is written with two goals. the first is to outline the main ideas underlying the growing study of complex economic environment. The second is to suggest areas of public policy where those ideas might be important.


Whether Individuals can build up and sustain mutually beneficial cooperation or, more generally, whether they comply with social norms, may depend crucially on the observability of their actions. If these cannot be monitored perfectly, the individual might be tempted to egoistically exploit this situation, or might reduce its cooperativeness because it anticipates exploitative attempts by others. In two strategy tournaments on the repeated Prisoner's Dilemma with imperfect monitoring we systematically varied the degree of observability. We collected "spontaneous strategies" and investigated which types of strategies were successful in each tournament, and whether a higher monitoring level increases or reduces cooperation.


The present work was carried out to apply overall index of pollution and water quality index to assess status of Rani Pond, Aurangabad, Bihar, India which has been under pressure due to the increasing anthropogenic activities. Physicochemical parameters like water temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, total alkalinity, hardness, total dissolved solids, biochemical oxygen demand chloride, fluoride and nitrate were analyzed using standard procedures. The values obtained were compared with the guidelines for drinking purpose suggested by BIS (2012). The result shows the higher concentration of electrical conductivity, hardness, total dissolved solids and fluoride beyond the permissible limit. Ten parameters were selected to derive the overall index of pollution and water quality index for the estimation of water potential. The range of 2.70-3.50 of overall index of pollution and 165.83224.58 of water quality index indicating that the water of Rani Pond is not fit for drinking including both human and animals. The implementation of overall index of pollution and water quality index is necessary for proper management of the Rani Pond and it will be a very helpful tool for the public and decision makers to evaluate the water quality of the Rani Pond for sustainable management.


To solve the problem of sabot separation in experiments using light gas gun with short target chamber,a new type of sabot and its separation device were designed.The relation between projectile velocity,together with sabot operating range,and charge pressure in sabot separation container,length of the container,and initial velocity was studied through experiments and simulations.Results show that under the pressure of pumped nitrogen gas of about 0.2~0.5 MPa,the sabots can be effectively separated during flight of projectiles in the container at the velocity of 1~2.5 km/s.The pose and the stability of projectiles before impacting targets are satisfying for experiments of light gas gun with short target chamber.The separation angle increases with the increase of charge pressure;and the higher the projectile velocity,the more obvious the separation effect.The short separation container is more advantageous in decreasing the ballistic error caused by aerodynamics.


Objective Investigating the effect of taizijian Ⅱ on interleukin-5 and P-selectin in blood of asthmatic guinea pigs.Methods Forty guinea pigs were randomly divided into 5 groups.After having been sensitized with egg albumin,guinea pigs were induced to suffer asthmatic attack repeatedly with egg albumin in model group,dexamethasone (DXM) group,taizijian Ⅱ large dose group and small dose group.Normal group received physiological saline.At the same time,guinea pigs were treated with physiological saline in normal group and model group,and those were treated respectively with DXM,taizijiam Ⅱ large dose and small dose in the other three groups for 15 days.Results Taizijian Ⅱ decreasd interleukin-5 and P-selectin in blood.Conclusion Taizijian Ⅱ can relieve the chronic allergic airway inflammation,and stop children′s asthma recurrence.


Let the human speak! Interactive robots and voice interfaces such as Pepper, Amazon Alexa, and OK Google are becoming more and more popular, allowing for more natural interaction compared to screens or keyboards. One issue with voice interfaces is that they tend to require a "robotic" flow of human speech. Humans must be careful to not produce disfluencies, such as hesitations or extended pauses between words. If they do, the agent may assume that the human has finished their speech turn, and interrupts them mid-thought. Interactive robots often rely on the same limited dialogue technology built for speech interfaces. Yet humanoid robots have the potential to also use their vision systems to determine when the human has finished their speaking turn. In this paper, we introduce HOMAGE (Human-rObot Multimodal Audio and Gaze End-of-turn), a multimodal turntaking system for conversational humanoid robots. We created a dataset of humans spontaneously hesitating when responding to a robot's open-ended questions such as, "What was your favorite moment this year?". Our analyses found that users produced both auditory filled pauses such as "uhhh", as well as gaze away from the robot to keep their speaking turn. We then trained a machine learning system to detect the auditory filled pauses and integrated it along with gaze into the Pepper humanoid robot's real-time dialog system. Experiments with 28 naive users revealed that adding auditory filled pause detection and gaze tracking significantly reduced robot interruptions. Furthermore, user turns were 2.1 times longer (without repetitions), suggesting that this strategy allows humans to express themselves more, toward less time pressure and better robot listeners.


ABSTRACT There has been a revival in studies on the various Italian police forces in recent times. This article is part of that trend and uses interpretive categories that have become widespread internationally, such as protest policing. The use of these categories allows the work to introduce specific events and law enforcement history within the broader history of contemporary Italy. In this context, the article examines a previously understudied issue from a historical and scientific perspective. There has never been a comprehensive study of the special police units called 'Celeri' and 'Mobili'. However, since their creation in 1944, they have played an important role in the Italian Republic and affairs between politics and law and order through their unique characteristics, direct dependence on Interior ministers, their capacity for rapid intervention throughout the national territory, and their function as anti-riot police. Through largely unpublished sources, the article outlines the history of the Italian riot police, including the images and public perceptions associated with them. The interpretative perspective focuses on the relationships of antagonism and mutual influence between two 'spaces': the internal space of the special units and the external space of society in Italy. Polysemic categories of physical and symbolic knowledge, help explain the complex history of the Italian riot police. The article also investigates the 'bodies' (police, society, political), the disconnect between practice and imagination, and the weight of certain stereotypes associated with these units which have, until now, impeded a scientific reconstruction of their history. 1


ospital is a holy place where the sick get a new life to return fresh to main form of life. However, the biomedical usable and hospital activities may play a vital role in the health condition of the patients and the surrounding environment. Hence, it is very important to have knowledge about the biomedical waste and their handling. The present study tried to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of VIMSAR, Burla to find the status of the biomedical waste management and handling. Keywords— Biomedical waste, health, environment, KAP, handling


The tokamak plasma ∞ows induced by the local radio frequency (RF) forces in the core region are analyzed. The efiective components of local RF forces are composed of the mo- mentum absorption term and the resonant parallel momentum transport term (i.e. the parallel component of the resonant ponderomotive forces). Difierent momentum balance relations are em- ployed to calculate the plasma ∞ows depending on difierent assumptions of momentum transport. With the RF flelds solved from RF simulation codes, the toroidal and poloidal ∞ows by these forces under the lower hybrid current drive and the mode conversion ion cyclotron resonance heating on EAST-like plasmas are evaluated.


A copper-promoted reductive cross coupling of nitroarenes with 4-alkyl-1,4-dihydropyridines for producing N-alkylbenzenamines is described. By using 4-alkyl-1,4-dihydropyridines as the alkyl radical sources and the internal reducing agents, this reaction enables...


This WASA course unit [CM-W-WAS] describes the content and the organization of the lecture and practical course "Web Applications and Service-oriented Architecture" (WASA) provided by the research group Cooperation & Management (C&M, Prof. Abeck). WASA1 (Bachelor): Current concepts of software development and architectures (including Behavior-Driven Development, Domain-Driven Design, Microservices, RESTful Webservices, 12 Factor App, CI/CD Build Pipelines, DevOps, Container-virtualized Infrastructures) as well as related standards and technologies (including HTTP, Java, JavaScript/TypeScript, Angular, Spring, GitLab-CI, Docker, Kubernetes, Prometheus) are introduced which are needed to develop advanced (i.e. microservice-based, IoT aware, cloud-native, mobile) web applications. The web applications stem from different domains (Healtcare, ConnectedCar) and includes concepts from the domain of Internet of Things. WASA2 (Master): A compact summary of the concepts covered by WASA1 is provided. In WASA2, two advanced topics are focused: (i) API engineering and management and (ii) identity and access management. Both topics are highly relevant for the digitization strategy of companies. In the lecture, two leading products (MuleSoft, Okta) are introduced to illustratehow the topics are solved in IT practice. Since the concepts presented in the lecture must be practically applied to really understand the concepts, the WASA lecture is only offered in a combination with the WASA practical course. the structure, code quality should be measured as well. This part should also be realized with SonarQube. For example, the quality should ensure that method names are meaningful and if common check style (e.g., eslint) are properly used during the implementation (and the code). The results are to be recorded and discussed in the project team. What software quality includes is covered in a (pro-)seminar.


Abstract In the Rio Grande embayment of South Texas, the Carrizo-Upper Wilcox interval consists of two fluvial-coastal plain depositional systems that grade downdip into several deltaic complexes. The bedload channel system is dominated by laterally coalesced, stacked fluvial channel sandstones. Shales are minor and laterally discontinuous. The mixed alluvial system consists of a more typical suite of coastal plain facies. Channel sandstones tend to be isolated and surrounded by overbank shales. Total-interval isopach patterns, sandstone geometries, and facies distributions indicate that fluvial systems were converging upon the embayment from the west, northwest, and north. Petroleum production in the updip portion of the Carrizo-Upper Wilcox interval is influenced by the distribution of the depositional systems and their component facies. Although most of the traps are structural, the geometries and internal characteristics of the reservoir sandstones are facies-dependent and affect field size and quality.


According to the Chinese Seismic Code, recommended provisions of HEHRP of U.S. and Eurocode 8. site classification is studied for typical soil sites in Hong Kong. It is found that for reclaimed sites with soft layers, simple site classification by these codes underestimates seismic motions of long period. Seismic motions should be estimated by alternative method. A empirical correlation between shear wave velocity of soil and SPT-N value in Hong Kong region is provided in this paper.


The semi-submersible ocean current power generation device is a new power generation device which can absorb the energy of marine currents. The shape of blade determines the absorbing efficiency which is one of the core technologies. To get force status of the different shape of the blade under the currents by using Fluent software simulate these blades. Then analyze the impacts of the blade shape on the power generation efficiency, the simulation results provide guidance for the design of the actual blades.


This paper describes the composition and performance of a test bench developed for research and monitoring of the propulsion drives of electric vehicles. Testing possibilities and benefits of the new bench are explained and the results obtained are discussed. In addition, the testing conditions are drawn that correspond to the standard ECE speed cycles.


The field of exoplanets is quickly expanding from just the detection of new planets and the measurement of their most basic parameters, such as mass, radius and orbital configuration, to the first measurements of their atmospheric characteristics, such as temperature, chemical composition, albedo, dynamics and structure. Here I will overview some of the main findings on exoplanet atmospheres until September 2010, first from space and just in the past two years also from the ground.


Background: Coronoid process of mandible gives attachment to temporalis and masseter muscles. The shape and size of coronoid process varies widely due to influence of many factors. Its shape has been described as triangular, hook shaped and rounded in various studies. Mandibular Condyle, is the part of the mandible that articulates with the temporal bones articular fossa and its appearance is influenced by various factors. The superior border of the mandible's ramus is formed by the mandibular notch and its contour is influenced by shape of the Coronoid process and the Mandibular condyle. Knowledge of these morphological variations is of great help to anthropologists, maxillofacial surgeons and forensic experts.
Aim: Aim of present study is the morphological differences in Coronoid process, Condylar process, and Mandibular Notch in adult dry human mandibles in Jharkhand and Bihar.
Material and method: 100 dry adult Mandible of known sex from the Department of Anatomy, Phulo-Jhano Medical College Dumka, Jharkhand and other medical colleges of Jharkhand and Bihar were studied. Shape of the coronoid process was visually assessed. Length of the coronoid process and mandibular process were measured by employing standardized method, using digital Vernier calliper.
Results: The triangular (120) shape of the coronoid process was the most common among the 200 sides, with 72 (60%) on the right side and 48 (40%) on the left. The second was beak-shaped (68), with 36 (52.9 percent) on the right side and 32 (47 percent) on the left side, followed by the round shape (12), of which 7 (58.4%) were on the right side and 5 (41.6%) on the left side. Mean length of right and left side of coronoid process among male was 17.79 ±0.88 mm and 17.51±0.83mm respectively, while in females these measurements were 16.59±0.97mm and 16.33±0.68 mm respectively. Mean length of right and left side of mandibular condyle among male was 12.9 ± 2.13mm and 10.88±2.01mm respectively, while in females this value was 11.8± 1.67mm and 11.21± 1.75mm respectively. Average distance from the head of the mandible to the base of the mandible on right and left sides were64.22±5.77 mm and 64.05 ± 5.92 mm respectively. Similarly values for distance from the base of the mandible to mandibular notch were 46.32±7.21mm and46.24±8.49mm respectively and values for distance from the anterior border to the posterior border of the ramus of mandible were 30.48 ± 2.36mmand 30.31±2.32mm on right and left side respectively.
Conclusion: Triangular shape of coronoid process was most common type seen in Jharkhand and Bihar population. This finding is similar to many other such studies. There was statistically significant difference between length of coronoid process and mandibular condyle of male and female. All these findings are of immense importance to anthropologists, maxillofacial reconstructive surgeons and forensic experts.

Keywords: Morphology, Morphometry, Coronoid, Condyloid, sigmoid notch, Mandible.


Control of a large-scale network using a centralized approach is essentially difficult due to its large end-to-end delay, high heterogeneity of a large number of network components, low availability and/or reliability caused by network component failures. In this paper, we aim at realizing a control mechanism for both per-flow path selection and available bandwidth allocation using an autonomous and distributed approach. Per-flow path selection is to select multiple paths from the source node to the sink node such that the traffic demand by the source node can be transferred to the sink node as well as the total network cost can be minimized. Available bandwidth allocation is to decide the amount of bandwidth assigned to every link in the paths from the source node to the sink node, which are chosen by the perflow path selection. In this paper, we propose a distributed and scalable flow control mechanism called DFC-BP (Distributed Flow Control with Backward Propagation), which simultaneously solves per-flow path selection and available bandwidth allocation. We also investigate the effectiveness of DFC-BP in terms of efficiency and transient performance through simulation experiments.


A stereoselective synthesis of (S)-(–)-dolichol-20 (1a) was achieved using (Z,Z,Z,Z,Z,Z,Z,Z,E,E)-undercaprenol (11), the C20 block (5), and the optically active C25 block (3) as the key building blocks.


Most studies show that students use Facebook as a powerful tool for social interaction, and English language learning purposes. The study aimed to assess and present empirical data on the students' perceptions on the acceptability and usage level of Facebook as a communication tool in developing English communication skills and to identify possible variables that could initiate programs on how students maximize study time in connection with Facebook's usage. The majority of the respondents used Facebook daily in learning English reading, writing, listening and speaking. Respondents have moderately agreed that Facebook can be used as a supplemental tool in developing communication skills in reading, writing, and listening but slightly agreed on speaking. There was no significant difference in the extent of usage and the results of the communication skills test in reading, writing, listening and speaking. The correlation between perception and performance for listening skills was positively very weak while performance in writing and reading skills was positively weak. However, the correlation between perception and performance for speaking skills was negatively weak. Lastly, the majority of the respondents have encountered problems in using Facebook, such as in inappropriateness of comments, pictures, or videos posted on Facebook, slow Internet connection outside and within the university, and lack of security and validity of information.


In this paper, a simple, rapid, sensitive, and accurate method for detecting procaine and catechol was developed based on functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube (f -MWCNTs) and polyglutamic acid (PGA) interactions. For pharmaceutical quality control and physiology research was developed using a PGA/f -MWCNTs modified electrodes. Cyclic voltammetry (CVs), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were applied to characterize the assembly process of the modified electrode. CVs of excellent linearity ( r> 0� 99) between oxidation peak current and concentration was obtained in the range of 9� 0 × 10 −7 –8� 3 × 10 −5 M for procaine and 8� 2 × 10 −5 –2� 3 × 10 −4 M for catechol in pH 7.0 PBS. The amperometric results revealed that procaine and catechol, respectively, showed well-defined oxidation current. Due to the high affinity of procaine and catechol for PGA and high stability of the propounded sensing platform, the fabricated biosensor achieved ultrasensitive detection with good sensitivity, acceptable reproducibility and stability. Linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) was well separation of the current peaks for these two compounds in voltammetry enables us to simultaneously determine them. Therefore, the combination of f -MWNT and the special binding group between PGA provides an efficient and promising platform for the fabrication of bioelectrochemical devices.


This paper outlines a research project which seeks to centre
the voices of parents who have been involved with Child
Protection services. The need for a study which focuses on
the experiences of service users who have 'complicated lives'
is discussed with reference to some literature about the
intersection of child protection with multiple difficulties
relating to violence, disability and problematic substance use.


The self-concept can be analyzed from a theoretical perspective which has developmental implications, both historically and ontologically. Five stages in the development of the self-concept can be recognized, with a different type of self-esteem being appropriate to each stage. These stages are: the dynamic self; self-as-object; self-as-knower; self-as-integrated-whole; and the 'selfless' self. Cognitive growth is seen as underlying passage from stage to stage. Requirements for the measurement of self-esteem vary across stages. These requirements are specified, and approaches to measurement at each level are considered.


In this paper, we analyze transient UV brightenings in spectra acquired by SOHO/UltraViolet Coronagraph Spectrometer (UVCS) on 2003 June 2 in association with a coronal mass ejection (CME) that occurred at the West limb of the Sun at 08:54 UT. Brightenings have been observed in lines from cool (C iii, O vi), intermediate (Si viii, Si xii), and high ([Fe xviii]) temperature ions over about 7 hr from the CME. Brightenings in cool lines are interpreted in terms of mini-ejections that appear at the time of, and after, the passage of the CME front through the UVCS slit. We give here their temperature and density and we point out that, assuming a spherical shape, a few of these mini-CMEs can provide a mass comparable to that quoted for typical CMEs. Hot lines, like the [Fe xviii] line at 974.9 Å which shows up in the CME associated current sheet (CS), undergo transient brightness as well, but hot lines brightenings are more difficult to interpret. We propose here a scenario where they are signatures of the passage through the UVCS slit of plasmoids similar to those observed in the filamentary CS of the magnetotail that form as a consequence of the tearing-mode instability or of a time-dependent Petschek-type reconnection.


Let R d be an open set of measure 1. An open set D R d is called a tight orthogonal packing region for if D ? D does not intersect the zeros of the Fourier Transform of the indicator function of and D has measure 1. Suppose that is a discrete subset of R d. The main contribution of this paper is a new way of proving the folowing result (proved by Lagarias, Reeds and Wang and, in the case of being the cube, by Iosevich and Pedersen): D tiles R d when translated at the locations if and only if the set of exponentials E = fexp 2ih; xi : 2 g is an orthonormal basis for L 2 ((). (When is the unit cube in R d then it is a tight orthogonal packing region of itself.) In our approach orthogonality of E is viewed as statement about packing R d with translates of a certain nonnegative function and E is an orthonormal basis for L 2 (() if and only if the above-mentioned packing is in fact a tiling. We then formulate the tiling condition in Fourier Analytic language and use this to prove our result.


Researches on teachers' training and practice have reached an agreement that incorporating teacher collabora- tion with teaching practice helps teachers learn and as a result produces effective teaching. However, nationwide in the US, most of teachers still work alone and have no opportunities to work collaboratively with other teachers. This norm of teaching practice needs to be changed in order to improve quality of teaching. As an in-service training tool, open class is introduced to provide a vision of possible change in teacher training in the US. What is open class? How is open class structured to improve teachers' teaching? What are the effects of open classes on teachers' professional development? Based on the data of twenty interviews with the teachers in China, this article provides a picture how open class as an im- portant component of teachers' in-service training works effectively on improving teachers' teaching in China. This model of open class is worth to be considered and tried on in the U.S. teachers' in-service training.


Using the system theory and through consulting other countries' application of the regulations of WTO , this paper compares wo potential modes of the application. Through the analysis of cybernetic method, the mechanism of feedback and the cost, we come to the conclusion that the indirect application mode is the "satisfactory result" which can resolve the problems in our country.


Arene or aromatic ligands are the subject of this post, the second in our series on π-system ligands. Arenes are dative, L-type ligands that may serve either as actors or spectators. Arenes commonly bind to metals through more than two atoms, although η-arene ligands are known. Structurally, most η-arenes tend to remain planar after binding to metals. Both "normal" bonding and backbonding are possible for arene ligands; however, arenes are stronger electron donors than CO and backbonding is less important for these ligands. The reactivity of arenes changes dramatically upon metal binding, along lines that we would expect for strongly electron-donating ligands. After coordinating to a transition metal, the arene usually becomes a better electrophile (particularly when the metal is electron poor). Thus, metal coordination can enable otherwise difficult nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions. General Properties


Procedures to predict the reliability of electrical circuits are discussed. Three cases are introduced and discussed. In Case 1, an analyst predicts the probability of any failure in the intended relations between circuit inputs and circuit outputs. In Case 2, an analyst predicts the probability that specified unintended outputs would occur. In Case 3, an analyst considers coupling between circuits. Logic models are given for the three cases, and sources of failure probabilities of components are mentioned. Methods of analysis are given, software tools are mentioned, and recommendations for presentation and review of results are discussed.


As in years past it is our privilege to provide the names of those good friends of the Journal who, during 2018, have served as reviewers of at least one paper submitted for potential publication. The review process as practiced by us is conducted "blind"; that is, no one included in any given review is aware of the identity of anyone else involved. Nor is anyone outside the review to know who the reviewers are. Hence, the people whose names appear below have labored in total anonymity, without compensation beyond what might be gained by bringing their service to the attention of any institution with which they are associated. At face value, reviewing is a thankless task, yet it does not overstate the case to say that without people willing to undertake it, the Journal could not exist. So, please join us in spirit in offering thanks for an invaluable job well done. By the way, it is never too late to let us know of your availability to review. Just send us your name and areas of expertise, and we will happily sign you on. To anyone we may have overlooked in the listing below, our sincere apology.


The extent of side chain branching in epoxide resins based on bisphenol A has been determined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry. The results indicate that for the resins studied in this paper, the extent of branching is very small. The number of branch points varies between 0.09 to 0.06 per molecule for epoxide resins whose number-average molecular weight lies between 1500 and 4000.


By means of controlling the deformation mode and reducing the contact stiffness,a sub-floor energy absorption structure of a civil airplane is designed.To improve the energy absorption features of the structure,the finite element model of the structure is built and ten design variables are choosen,based on the orthogonal experimental design;four typical structural impact responses of sample points are obtained by numerical analysis.According to an F-test,the design variables with high significance level are selected as the optimizing ones.An optimized sub-floor structure is obtained by using the response surface model.The analysis results show that,compared to the reference structure,the first peak value of the structural rigid acceleration of the optimized sub-floor structure reduces by 23.13%,the second peak value reduces by 49.86%,the average value reduces by 43.71%,the energy absorption time increases by 78.32%,the efficiency of energy absorption increases significantly,as more materials join in the energy absorption process.


This paper, concerns the model-based prognosis approach. More precisely, it is about the use of the Bayesian filtering on the prognosis problem. The aim of the proposed approach is to identify the damage function parameter by using an Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF), then, estimate the Remaining Useful Life (RUL) by a probabilistic analysis of this damage trajectories. The relevance of the proposed approach is illustrated through the helicopter gearbox crack propagation.


An experimental evidence of subwavelength imaging with a ``lens,'' which is a uniaxial negative permittivity wire medium slab, is reported. The slab is formed by gratings of long, thin, parallel conducting cylinders. Taking into account the anisotropy and spatial dispersion in the wire medium we theoretically show that there are no usual plasmons that could be excited on surfaces of such a slab, and there is no resonant enhancement of evanescent fields in the slab. The experimentally observed clear improvement of the resolution in the presence of the slab is explained as filtering out the harmonics with small wave numbers. In other words, the wire gratings (the wire medium) suppress strong traveling-mode components increasing the role of evanescent waves in the image formation. This effect can be used in near-field imaging and detection applications.


. The author present a method for the estimation of selected synchronous generator model and AVR parameters using a gradient and a genetic algorithm. The paper shows an example of model parameter estimation for a turbogenerator, based on the generator voltage time responses obtained during an active and reactive power rejection test.


Tlie middle Ebro River during the last 80 years lias attended to nota- ble changes in channel morphology and area of bars, riparian vegelation and flo- odplain uses. Adjustments are observed among aerial pliotographs of 1927, 1957 and 1998. It lias been frequent sinuosity growtli, rnigrations and meander cut off. Tliere has been a progressive and considerable decrease in flood cliannel area and grave1 bars without vegetal colonization as a result tlie riparian corridor widtli lias heen reduced for increase human uses. Tlie slowing down and nearly eliinination to the cliannel free meanders dynamic in Ebro River represent an outstanding natural patrimony loss.


Production of elements heavier than iron, their abundance and cite of production remain an active field of research to-date. In this paper I would present a brief review of the nucleosynthesis process and then focus further on the proton capture processes with particular emphasis on the nuclear physics aspects of the rp-process. The present calculation clearly shows that the electron capture rates on waiting point nuclei are at least of similar magnitude as the competing positron decay rates under rp-process conditions. The study strongly suggests that electron capture rates form an integral part of weak-interaction mediated rates under rp-process conditions and should not be neglected in nuclear reaction network calculations as done in past.


A gas condensing device can be configured to compensate for regeneration gas and to separate target gas from the condensate from. The gas condensing device may comprise: a housing; a capacitor mounted in an upper portion of the housing and is adapted to compensate for the regeneration gas; and a reverse current device mounted in the housing below the condenser and configured to store temporarily the condensate and to deliver an evaporation gas that has evaporated from the condensate back to the condenser.


Acute pulmonary embolism is one of the main causes of death, morbidity and hospitalisation [1, 2]. The most common cause of early death in these patients is right ventricular failure [1–3]. Complete resolution of the pulmonary thrombus at 6 months of evolution is not achieved in 57% of patients, with persistent right ventricular dysfunction (RVD) in 6–8% of patients and persistent pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in 7–13.5% of patients who received treatment with heparin or fibrinolytic agents [4–8]. Percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy (PMT) is accepted as a treatment in patients with high-risk acute pulmonary embolism with contraindications to systemic thrombolysis or when the treatment has failed [1, 2, 9]. Percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy in acute PE restores right ventricle function in most patients at 40 months http://ow.ly/lhTh304sqeY


Objective
To explore the effect of postoperative different drinking water methods on prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy(CIN) after CT angiography.

Methods
A total of 84 patients who underwent CT angiography were enrolled from October 2015 to October 2016. All patients were randomly divided into observation group (n=42) and control group (n=42) .The patients in control group were applied with routine drinking water, volume of water≥2000 mL within 24 hours , but no requirement for the amount of water per unit time happened. The patients in observation group were applied with short-term potable water, and drinking 400~500 mL per hour at 1, 2, 3 hours after surgery, and 24 h drinking water≥ 2000 mL. Incidence of CIN and secondary end point events, serum creatinine (Scr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and β-microglobulin were measured and compared before and 24 hours after operation between the two groups.

Results
The incidence of CIN and secondary end point events in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). The levels of Scr, BUN and β-microglobulin in the observation group were lower than those in the control group at 24 h (P<0.05), while the GFR was higher in the observation group than that in the control group (P<0.05).

Conclusions
Short-term intensive drinking water can effectively reduce the incidence of CIN and secondary end point after CT angiography, and can help to reduce the damage of renal function by contrast agent.

Key words:
Kidney; Tomography, X-Ray Computed


Objective:To demonstrate imaging features of abdominal Castleman's disease.Materials and Methods:Four cases of abdominal Castleman's disease were reported.Three cases were female and one case was male.X-ray,ultrasonography and CT were performed,all cases underwent surgical operation and were proved by pathology.Results:Lesion was solitary,eliptical in shape,all were well capsulated,streak,flock-like or coral like calcification can be seen within the lesion.On sonography the lesion was mainly hypoechogenicity with dot or streak-like increased echogenicity accompanied by acoustic shadow.On CT,the lesion appeared as a soft tissue mass with well defined margin surrounded by dot or streak-like shadow,usually markedly enhanced after contrast scanning.Conclusion:Although there is no characteristic signs but if there is streak-like,usually the mass does not invade the adjacent tissue and organs,branching calcifications within the lesion then Castleman's disease should be considered.


It is well known that the fatigue failure of bolts can affect the performance of rail joint and the safety of train running. In this work, the influence of the bolt torque and radius of rounded root of rail bolt on the fatigue strength of the rail bolt are studied by Finite Element Contact Analysis method. And the influence effects of the wheel impact and temperature force of the rail caused by temperature changed on bolt failure are studied. The results indicate that properly torque and increasing the radius of rounded root rail bolt can reduce the stress concentration at the root of rail bolt and this will improves the fatigue strength and the working life of the rail bolt and rail joint. The repeated temperature force of the rail and wheel impact force are playing an important role in the influencing factors on fatigue failure of the rail joint bolts. Due to this, the two bolts near the rail joints will to be fatigue failure almost earlier than others. That is one of the reasons why the bolts should be preloaded or replaced regularly.


The invention relates to a high-strength compress supporting agent for coarse oil and a preparation method thereof. The high-strength compress supporting agent for the coarse oil is prepared from the following raw materials by mass portion: 60 to 85 portions of ceramic roller waste, 1 to 20 portions of red mud, 0 to 20 portions of fly ash, 0 to 5 portions of manganese oxide or barium carbonate, 0 to 3 portions of dolomite and 5 to 10 portions of ceramic clay. The ceramic roller waste refers to corner waste or/and damaged and broken ceramic roller waste in the processing process of ceramic roller manufactures, and Al2O3 content of chemical compositions of the ceramic roller waste is not less than 68 percent. The high-strength compress supporting agent for the coarse oil prepared from the ceramic roller waste with high alumina content has the characteristics of high strength and acid resistance, and is used for oil fracturing in medium-deep wells; and the preparation method is simple and feasible, and is suitable for batch production.


G2G - The bag that organizes your bags, and life – Visit us at AmericasMart Atlanta International Gift & Home Furnishings Market January 12-19, 2011


Due to its high content of unsaturated fatty acids, soybean oil is highly susceptible to oxidation reactions, especially in PET type packaging, that presents high permeability to light and oxygen, important catalysts of the oxidation process. The addition of antioxidants can increase the shelf-life of the oils and, among natural compounds with antioxidant activity, tocopherols have been widely studied. In this work, the effect of the addition of 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg of a mixture of natural tocopherols on the quality of soybean oil packaged in PET, stored in carton boxes and kept at ambient temperature for 12 months was evaluated. The oil was characterized through its fatty acid composition, tocopherol composition, peroxide value, specific extinccion at 232 and 270 nm, sensory analysis, OSI oxidative stability, iodine value, moisture content, acid value and smoke point. The quality alterations of the oil during storage were monitored monthly through the determination of the following parameters: moisture content, acid value, smoke point, peroxide value, specific extinccion at 232 and 270 nm, sensory analysis and tocopherol content. All analyses were carried out according to official AOCS methodology. Soybean oil presented 81% unsaturated fatty acids, of which 4.4% was linolenic acid, and a total tocopherol content of 1137 mg/kg, with gamma-tocopherol as the main fraction (680.3 mg/kg). The OSI oxidative stability was 6.3 hours for the control oil (without tocopherol addition); 6.6 hours for the treatments with the addition of 100 and 200 mg/kg tocopherols and, 6.5 hours for the treatment with the addition of 300 mg/kg. After 12 months storage, moisture content and acid value did present significant variations with respect to the initial values and among treatments (0.03-0.06 % and 0.07-0.35, respectively). The smoke point decreased from 231 to 209oC (mean values for the 4 treatments). There was an increase in the peroxide value from 0.7 mEq/kg to values between 1.7 and 2.1 mEq/kg. Reductions of total tocopherol content of 13.6; 11.6; 14.1 and 4.7% were observed for the control treatment and treatments with the addition of 100; 200 and 300 mg/kg, respectively. The initial sensory score decreased from 7.7 to 5,6 (0, 100 e 300 mg/Kg ) and to 6,1 (200 mg/Kg). Analyses of simple regression and contrast between treatments indicated that the differences among the parameters evaluated were not significant (p>0.05) during storage. According to the results obtained, the addition of natural tocopherols in the concentrations used in this study did not have an effect on the quality of the oil packaged in PET. Key-words: soybean oil, PET, tocopherols, quality.


TbNi0.6Ge2 crystallizes in CeNiSi2 type orthorhombic crystal structure with space group Cmcm. The magnetization and heat capacity measurements show that the compound is antiferromagnetic with Neel temperature (TN) of 31 K. The low temperature heat capacity data was fitted and the values of electronic coefficient and Debye temperature have been calculated. The magnetocaloric effect (MCE) has been estimated from the magnetization data, which confirms the strong antiferromagnetic nature of the compound.


The recent demonstration of rare-earth-doped fiber lasers with a continuous wave output power well above the kilowatt level with diffraction-limited beam quality has proven that fiber lasers constitute a power-scalable solid-state laser concept. To generate intense pulses from a fiber, several fundamental limitations have to be overcome. Nevertheless, novel experimental strategies and fiber designs offer an enormous potential toward laser systems with high average powers and high pulse energies. This paper reviews the challenges, achievements, and perspectives of ultrashort pulse generation and amplification in fibers.


A systematic capillary electrophoresis study uncovered how polyelectrolyte effective charge density varies with backbone charge spacing and solvent dielectric constant. The study primarily focused on aliphatic ionenes, a special class of polyelectrolytes, which possess regularly spaced quaternary ammonium groups in the backbone. Complete ionization of functional units and good solvency in water or mixtures of water with lower dielectric constant solvents (methanol, acetonitrile) enabled continuous measurements of ionene effective charge density through the onset of counterion condensation. Ionenes with both uniform and alternating charge spacing were examined. As expected, effective charge density rose linearly with fixed charge density to a critical value, above which effective charge density remained constant. Deviating from expectation, the onset of condensation did not occur at a critical fixed charge density. Instead, condensation initiated at a constant critical Bjerrum length. The same onset condition was found for quaternized poly(vinyl pyridine)s. These experimental results suggest a new form of condensation, one driven by ion-pairing of polyelectrolyte with counterions. In support of this hypothesis, the onset of condensation appeared to correlate with counterion size. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 42: 3616–3627, 2004


The ecological environment is the humanity living and the development foundation,The forest public is ecology civilization conservation,is undertaking the maintenance ecological environment security.,maintains the ecology ciVilization the important responsibility,The forest police school student will be the future forest bodyguard,will calry on the environment moral education throtagh each way to them especially to be important,


Delay profiles of indoor multipath environment at 60 GHz were measured. Packets included preamble with two m-sequences were used for measurement. Time-delay resolution of delay profiles was 1 ns. The measurement results showed that multipath delayed waves at 60 GHz were separable. The delayed waves with high relative powers of about -10 dB existed when transmitter or receiver were located near concrete walls or steel walls. The delayed waves degraded the error vector magnitude (EVM). The EVM was improved using a simple equalizer with the tap coefficients calculated from delay profiles. The measurement results of the indoor multipath environment were similar to the simulation results using the ray tracing method with measured reflectance of material. The multipath delayed waves of a indoor multipath environment can be predicted using the ray tracing method


In this review I paid attention to how the author used the Philosophy of the Cosmonomic Idea to develop a comprehensive and integrative view of the lingual aspect of experience. Specifically, I review key constructs in the author's thinking, namely: the relationship between norm and fact, retrocipations, anticipations, and simple vs complex linguistic concepts.


The chemical constituents of Weigela ethyl acetate extract was mainly studied in this paper. Ethanol extraction was used to extract the chemical composition of Weigela, and respectively with petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, n-butanol extraction, ethyl acetate extract was separated and purified by column chromatography, thin-layer preparative chromatography, gel column chromatography, recrystallization and other methods. Five compounds were obtained, there were quercetin(I), protocatechuic acid(II), Scopoletin(III), 6-methoxy-7-oxo-isopentenylcoumarin(IV), β-sitosterol(V).


Viral Nervous Necrosis (VNN) and Vibriosis are contagious diseases that can affect groupers from the larval to adult stages and cause significant economic losses for farmers. Sunuk ( P. leopardus ) grouper is a grouper fish commonly found in NTB waters and has been widely cultivated. This study aims to provide information regarding suspected viral nervous necrosis and vibriosis that may occur in sunuk grouper. This case study was obtained from the fish health inspection process at BKIPM Mataram, involving one of the grouper cultivators in NTB. According to the owner's explanation, five sunuk grouper were caught by a fisherman and then cultivated in floating net cages. Two sunuk groupers showed injuries in body area and decreased appetite. For several days, two sunuk grouper showed an inactive swimming condition and swam sideways. The result of the physical examination was as follows: fish were swimming limply in an upside-down position and had wounds on various body parts. Virology and bacteriology test confirmed that the sick sunuk grouper was infected with Vib-riosis and VNN. Sunuk grouper can be infected with two diseases in this case study, which can occur upon their sick condition from first-day arrival in floating net cages accompanied by stress condition, decreased appetite, that leads to a furher decline in the fish's health and the immune system not functioning optimally. This condition makes sunuk grouper susceptible to VNN and Vibriosis in this study case.


The decision to use fixed-point arithmetic on an integer CPU or floating-point on a specialized processor is one that is common not only in digital signal processing applications, but also in many embedded applications. It is a typical engineering tradeoff fixed-point processing is cheaper, being implementable on common integer hardware, but the algorithms are complicated and the capabilities are limited; floating-point processing requires specialized hardware with additional cost, but the ease of programming and the extra range may be critical to completing the task. Other factors such as computation speed, power, and algorithm development may also be factors to consider. Your specific application may dictate which of the two you select.


Application of natural dye will be able to further produce the development of various color products in color cosmetics, as well as reduce the...


Background:  Limited data exist on risk factors for home hemodialysis (HH) failure and mortality. We sought to determine whether age, helper status, or ethnicity was associated with home dialysis failure or mortality.