Cytidine 5'-monophosphate was reacted with p-toluenesulfonyl chloride in dioxanesodium hydroxide solution. Ion exchange column chromatography of the nucleotides and analysis of each fraction by paper chromatography and paper electrophoresis showed presence of 5'-cytidine 5'-monophosphate, 2, 2'-cyclo-arabinosvlcytosine 5'-monophosphate, arabinosylcytosine 5'-monophosphate, 2, 2'-cyclo-3'-tosylarabinosylcytosine 5'-monophosphate, 2, 3'-cyclo-lyxosylcytosine 5'-monophosphate, 2', 3'-epoxylyxofuranosylcytosine 5'-monophosphate and lyxofuranosylcytosine 5'-monophosphate. 2, 2'-Cycloarabinosylcytosine 5'-monophosphate was isolated in 33% yield.


Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major health and socioeconomic problem that affects all societies. Consciousness disorder is a common complication after TBI while there is still no effective treatment currently. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of electro-acupuncture (EA) on cognitive recovery for patients with mild TBI. Methods: A total of 83 patients with initial Glasgow coma scale score higher than 12 points were assigned into this study. Then patients were randomly divided into 2 groups: EA group and control group (group C). Patients in group EA received EA treatment at Neiguan and Shuigou for 2 weeks. At 0 minute before EA treatment (T1), 0 minute after EA treatment (T2), and 8 weeks after EA treatment (T3), level of neuron-specific enolase (NSE), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), and malondialdehyde were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The score of Montreal Cognitive Function Assessment (MoCA) and mini-mental state examination (MMSE) as well as cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO2) were detected at the same time. Results: Compared with the baseline at T1, the level of NSE, GFAP, HIF-1α, MDA, and rSO2 decreased, and the score of MoCA and MMSE increased in the 2 groups were significantly increased at T2–3 (P < .05). Compared with group C, the level of NSE, GFAP, HIF-1α, MDA, and rSO2 decreased, and the score of MoCA and MMSE increased were significantly increased at T2–3 in group EA; the difference were statistically significant (P < .05). Conclusions: EA treatment could improve the cognitive recovery for patients with mild TBI and the potential mechanism may be related to improving cerebral hypoxia and alleviating brain injury.


Abstract : Both U.S. Air Force and U.S. Navy service doctrines take a parochial and dogmatic approach to joint operations in the maritime environment, with both services claiming their service or associated functional component should earn the title "supported commander". However, when measured against the backdrop of maritime conflict with a near-peer adversary conducting high intensity anti-access warfare, both services? beliefs lose legitimacy. This paper argues that to best leverage joint force capabilities against such an adversary, the joint force commander should initially name the JFACC as the supported commander, but with the specific objective of neutralizing the adversary's maritime anti-access capability. With this accomplished, command relationships should shift and the JFMCC should be named supported commander, with the objective of seeking a decisive engagement against the adversary's maritime forces to achieve the joint force commander's campaign objectives. Based on this conclusion, this paper recommends future courses of action for both the Navy and the Air Force to make the operational situation more tenable, and concludes with recommendations to joint force commanders to manage shifts in command relationships.


ABSTRACT The Corona crisis questions basic understandings of the relation between people, communities and spaces. It influences how society uses space and focuses our perspective on the importance of critical infrastructures, public services, and community networks. Which "new normals" regarding the changes in use of space by communities might emerge during this crisis? Individual and collective action emerge as a coping mechanism and a sign of collective hope. The current crisis makes the digitized more visible, while we exclude others who are outside cyberspace. Trade-offs between health and economy and new ways of organizing society are discussed publicly. What are the consequences for spatial planning and how does this open up new research avenues? This commentary aims to stimulate further discussions by putting forward six facets of the "new normal" that might impact upon post-Corona communities from a spatial planning perspective.


The papers published in 11 key astronomical journals in 2008, and a year of citations to those from the first half of the year, have been associated with the telescopes, satellites, and so forth where the data were gathered using a form of fractional counting. Some numbers are also given by journal, by subfield, and by wavelength band. The largest numbers of papers, and generally also quite highly cited ones, in their respective wavelength bands come from the Very Large Array, the Hubble Space Telescope, the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, the Spitzer Space Telescope, and the Chandra X-ray Telescope. Optical astronomy is still the largest sector; and papers about cosmology and exoplanets are cited more often than papers about binary stars and planetary nebulae. The authors conclude that it is of equal importance to recognize (a) that a very large number of papers also come from less famous facilities, (b) that a very large fraction of papers (and their authors) are concerned with the less highly-cited topics, (c) that many facilities are quite slow in achieving their eventual level of influence, and (d) that one really needs at least three years of citation data, not just one or two, to provide a fair picture of what is going on. © 2010 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH&Co. KGaA, Weinheim.


Based on the brief introduction of the unified power flow controller (UPFC) project in western Nanjing power grid, a blocking failure of the UPFC is analyzed in this paper. The blocking failure occurred since the "low grid voltage" was detected due to the evolved fault occurred on the 35kV distribution line, and the busbar automatic transfer of the shunt transformers was not completed. It is pointed out that the reason of the blocking failure is the unsuccessful coordination between the time delay of "low grid voltage" fault to block converter and the busbar automatic transfer logic of the shunt transformers. Besides, the countermeasure is proposed and have been proven to be effective.


We describe a new graphical approach to the question of whether dynamical systems modeling networks of interacting elements admit Hopf bifurcations. The techniques make use of the spectral properties of additive compound matrices: in particular, we show that a condition on the cycles of a labelled digraph (called the DSR[2] graph) rules out the possibility of nonreal eigenvalues of the Jacobian matrix passing through the imaginary axis.


The outline of the Japanese studies and activities on the occupational neck and upper limb disorder due to constrained work was reviewed from the standpoint of occupational health. Because the disorder has an aspect of painful musculoskeletal diseases, studies at the end of the 1950s were done from the orthopedic standpoint, the disorder being understood as "tenosynovitis ," "cervicobrachial syndrome" and other relevant orthopedic diagnoses. These diagnoses paid little attention to the workrelated pathogenesis. Thus, prevention, early detection, and therapy of the disorder were in confusion, while many workers suffered from it. To cope with the situation, the Japan Association of Industrial Health organized a Committee on the disorder. The Committee made deliberations over definitions and criteria of the disorder that are compatible with both preventive and clinical measures and proposed to call the disorder "Occupational Cervicobrachial Disorder." Details of the activity of the Committee are described. In addition, the nature and the level of "exposure" in the pathogenesis of the disorder are discussed and some epidemiological studies are reviewed.


My primary purpose in this chapter is to assess the function and meaning of writing in the prehistoric Aegean by focusing on the material practices of writing. During the Middle and Late Bronze Ages (c.2000–1200 bc) an uncertain number of scripts was in use on Crete. In the pre-Mycenaean period, the two most important are known as Linear A and Minoan or Cretan Hieroglyphic (Figures 1–2; see also Flouda, this volume). Although the two writing systems do not seem to have been used for exactly the same purposes, as they occur on different types of documents, they were both associated with the palatial administration. Linear A is in its earliest form found at the Palace at Phaistos in south-central Crete, while Minoan Hieroglyphic was associated with the palaces at Knossos, Malia, and Petras in the north and northeast (see also Flouda, Finalyson and Tomas, all this volume). Both scripts are syllabic. After the destruction of the first palaces (c.1700 bc), Cretan Hieroglyphic seems to go out of use and is replaced by Linear A for reasons that are still unclear (cf. Finalyson, this volume). As the two forms of writing can be geographically differentiated in the early palatial period, it is a plausible assumption that they represent different languages, but in view of the fact that neither script has been deciphered this cannot be verified (cf. Olivier 1986: 387; Schoep 1999: 265; 2007; see Younger and Rehak 2008: 176 for the view that there was only one Cretan language). It has, however, been suggested that Linear A and Cretan Hieroglyphic have a common origin in an earlier prepalatial script, known as the 'Archanes script' (Figure 3). This early form of writing takes its name after Archanes in central Crete, where a number of seals inscribed with this script were found in burials (Schoep 1999: 266–267; 2006: 45–46, n. 73). If it is the case that both Linear A and Cretan Hieroglyphic have the same origin, the later development of two different


One source of noise in optical communication systems is multipath interference (MPI)-intensity noise caused by multiple discrete reflections or double Rayleigh backscatter (DRB). MPI converts phase noise to intensity noise, which can cause significant impairments in analog lightwave systems transmitting CATV signals. We have found that by dithering the laser frequency by several gigahertz at kilohertz frequencies this noise can be reduced. We have demonstrated this technique using a DFB laser.<<ETX>>


Obsessive‐compulsive symptoms (OCS) secondary to antiserotonergic antipsychotic treatment of schizophrenia appear to have a significant prevalence from previous studies but can be very difficult to detect as they are overshadowed by the diagnosis of schizophrenia. Here, the authors describe three cases where patients have developed OCS after starting risperidone in one case, and clozapine in two other cases and how significant improvements can be achieved with SSRIs and, if necessary, cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT).


The paper is engaged in a research on the factors affecting the total nitrogen testforwater quality.As is known,one of the main factors affectingwater quality monitoring is that the total nitrogen concentration exceeds the maximum value,which makes it necessary to test and determinate the total nitrogen content in the water body.But in the practical analysis of water body,problems often come about with the poor linearity of the fitted curve and the accuracy of determination of the total nitrogen,in addition to the higher blank value than required by the system errordue to the improper selection of the operational conditions.Sometimes even the total nitrogen concentration is lower than that of ammonia nitrogen as is required as the national standard for the same water sample.It is for all the above reasons that the experimental conditions and parameters should be chosen as accurately as possible in determining the total nitrogen of the water bodies.For all the above needs,we have optimized the primary influential factors,such as the purity degree of potassium persulfate,the purity degree of the experimental water,the slacking time of the alkaline potassium persulfate solution,the preparation method,and so on.At the same time,we have also improves the experimental environmental conditions,the cooling time of the digestion process,and the method of the alkalinity potassium persulfate oxidation digestion,known as the UVspectrophotometer(GB 11894—1989)through contrastive experiments in an environment with no ammonia as a constituent part.The results of our experiments indicate that,it is possible to obtain more accurate calibrated curve and more precise experiment results,if the digestion temperature could be kept between123℃and 124℃,and the deposited time of potassium persulfate could be made to last for 55 minutes,with the cooling time till 2hours after heating,and the colorimetric time being 30 minutes.Besides,the purity of potassium persulfate should be done through secondary recrystallization.And,the configuration of the alkaline potassium persulfate solution should be done separately,with the solution temperature of potassium persulfate keptwithin the limit of 60℃.


The advent of the basic needs strategy for development assistance in the early 1970s identified health improvement as a high priority in development aid to the developing countries. In 1976 the US Agency For International Development (USAID) spent $54 million for health assistance. The most rapidly growing category of health assistance is the development of integrated health family planning and nutrition interventions areas nominally separate in USAID but integrated in these projects. USAID is currently providing technical assistance financing or training in the development of 45 integrated primary health care projects in 38 developing countries. Less than 1/4 of these projects are active as yet. Summaries of 39 of the 45 projects are contained in "Aid Integrated Low Cost Delivery System Projects" Volume 1. This 2nd volume is an analysis of the projects summarized in the 1st volume. Both the summaries and the analysis are based on information contained in USAID Project Identification Documents (PIDs) and Project Papers. The majority of the projects reviewed are in the planning stage or very early in the implementation stage. The oldest projects are in Thailand Colombia and Ghana. Of the 39 integrated primary health care projects examined 13 will be in Africa 16 in Latin America 7 in Asia and 3 in the Near East. 12 African countries with AID assisted primary health care projects have the highest infant mortality the largest number of people for each physician and the lowest POLI score of the 4 regions. In contrast the Latin American countries have the highest income the lowest infant mortality rate and the largest ratio of physicians. Primary health care is community-based health care but the communities served in the countries where USAID is helping develop integrated primary health care systems vary greatly from sparsely settled semi-nomadic tribal peoples to densely settled urban groups with many amenities of modern industrial countries. 2/3 of the integrated primary health care projects discussed in this volume target the population of a region or sub-region in a developing country. 28 of the 39 projects examined specify target populations. 10 projects are national in scope. USAID will provide a higher proportion of project funds for primary health care projects in Africa than in other countries.


Objective. To examine the relationship between maternal glucose levels and intrauterine fetal adiposity distribution in women with a normal oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at 28 weeks gestation. Study Design. We recruited 231 women with a singleton pregnancy. At 28 and 37 weeks gestation, sonographic measurements of fetal body composition were performed. Multiple regression analysis was used to study the influence of different maternal variables on fetal adiposity distribution. Results. Maternal glucose levels correlated with the fetal abdominal subcutaneous tissue measurements (r = 0.2; P = 0.014) and with birth weight (r = 0.1; P = 0.04). Maternal glucose levels did not correlate with the fetal mid-thigh muscle thickness and mid-thigh subcutaneous tissue measurements. Conclusion. We found that in nondiabetic women maternal glucose levels not only influence fetal adiposity and birth weight, but also influence the distribution of fetal adiposity. This supports previous evidence that maternal glycemia is a key determinant of intrauterine fetal programming.


Viola tricolor is a pseudometallophyte covering heavy-metal-polluted and non-polluted areas. The species is a member of the evolutionarily young sect. Melanium of Viola. In this study, we sought to determine whether the karyotype of V. tricolor is stable with respect to chromosome structure or is altered depending on environmental conditions (heavy-metal-polluted vs. non-polluted areas). We established the karyotypes of plant material originating from a Zakopane meadow (non-metallicolous population) and from the Bukowno mine waste heap (metallicolous population), showing evident interpopulation differentiation in chromosome type (2M+20 m+2sm+2st vs. 18 m+8sm), in the number, size, and distribution of rDNA loci (25S and 5S), and also in chromosome mutations, mainly fission of chromosomes into acentric fragments and translocation of the fragments. Variable numbers of both 25S and 5S rDNA loci were distributed at different positions of the chromosomes and not on specific pairs of chromosomes. The results clearly indicate that the karyotype of V. tricolor results from the unstable genetic structure of the species. This character, typical for relatively young evolutionary groups, proves its membership to the Melanium section considered to be young within the genus Viola.


An experiment has been done to evaluate the activity of isolate from ethyl acetate fraction of mahkota dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa [Scheff.] Boerl) fruits (PM-IIAy1) on insulin sensitivity in hyperglycaemic mouse. The exam was in 7 days and divided into 4 groups, those were normal control, negative control, positive control, and the test group. All mice, except normal control, were fed 5,35 g/kg BW of glucose, then positive control were treated with 143 mg/kg BW of metformin and the test group with 143 mg/kg BW of PM-IIAy1. On the 8 day, after fasted, all mice were injected intravenously 1 g/kg BW of glucose and 0,25 U/kg BW of exogenous insulin, then measured of their blood glucose every 3 minutes during 18 minutes. The result of the experiment showed that PM-IIAy1 could increase insulin sensitivity appeared in capability of insulin in decreasing of blood glucose level significantly (α=0,05) that compared with negative control.


Objective. Laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) is a minimally invasive procedure used to treat a lesion through light irradiation and consequent temperature increase. Magnetic resonance thermometry imaging (MRTI) provides a multidimensional measurement of the temperature inside the target, thus enabling accurate monitoring of the damaged zone during the procedure. In proton resonance frequency shift-based thermometry, artifacts in the images may strongly interfere with the estimated temperature maps. In our work, after noticing the formation of the dipolar-behavior artifact linkable to magnetic susceptibility changes during in vivo LITT, an investigation of susceptibility artifacts in tissue-mimicking phantoms was implemented. Approach. The artifact was characterized: (i) by measuring the area and total volume of error regions and their evolution during the treatment; and (ii) by comparison with temperature reference provided by three temperature sensing needles. Lastly, a strategy to avoid artifacts formation was devised by using the temperature-sensing needles to implement a temperature-controlled LITT. Main results. The artifact appearance was associated with gas bubble formation and with unwanted treatment effects producing magnetic susceptibility changes when 2 W laser power was set. The analysis of the artifact's dimension demonstrated that in the sagittal plane the dipolar-shape artifact may consistently spread following the temperature trend until reaching a volume 8 times bigger than the ablated one. Also, the artifact shape is quite symmetric with respect to the laser tip. An absolute temperature error showing a negative Gaussian profile in the area of susceptibility artifact with values up to 64.4 °C was estimated. Conversely, a maximum error of 2.8 °C is measured in the area not-affected by artifacts and far from the applicator tip. Finally, by regulating laser power, susceptibility artifacts formation was avoided, and appreciable thermal damage was induced. Significance. These findings may help in improving the MRTI-based guidance of thermal therapies.


A fundamentally important experience for preservice teachers (PSTs) in a mathematics methods course is the self-examination of beliefs about mathematics and the teaching and learning of mathematics. Research suggests that beliefs about mathematics have an impact on teaching practices (Ernest, 1989; Franke, Carpenter, Levi, & Fennema, 2001; Philippou & Christou, 1998, Thompson, 1984), but can be quite difficult to change (Cooney, Shealy, & Arvold, 1998; McGinnis, Kramer, Roth McDuffie, & Watanabe, 1998; Richardson, 1996). There is also evidence that beliefs about mathematics are more closely related to classroom practice than beliefs about mathematics pedagogy (Raymond, 1997). Because many preservice teachers enter methods courses with naive views of both mathematics and constructivist pedagogy (Ball, 1996; Ma, 1999), it is vital that challenges to assumptions about the nature of mathematics be made to support a reanalysis of PSTs' views of mathematical content and pedagogy.


Government Failure (Public Failure) is defects to be inevitably made in an effeort to compensate for market defects by government. Some reasons of government failure are caused by limitations of governmental functions,others by improperly governmental intervening in economy,so there to be divergence of government failure. The nucleus for government to remedy government defects is to inprove the efficiency of government agencies and to contain seperation economy effectively.


The Evolution of Modern States. Sweden, Japan, and the United States. By Sven Steinmo. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2010. 264 pp., $28.30 (ISBN 978-0-521-19670-3 (hb); 978-0-521-14546-6).

Evolutionary theory currently occupies a somewhat marginal yet also discretely influential methodological position in the social sciences, and it often crosses the divides between sociology, political science, and even law. The book under review here, The Evolution of Modern States. Sweden, Japan, and the United States, utilizes evolutionary theory to assess the implications of the bundle of processes classified together as globalization for the welfare-state structures of advanced democracies, and it compares ways in which different institutional systems generate different (variably successfully) reactions to these processes. Globalization is construed as an aggregate of objective circumstances posing risks both for the domestic cohesion and the international competitiveness of particular societies (or particular political economies), exemplified here by Sweden, Japan, and the USA.

The specific evolutionary dimension of this inquiry resides, first, in the fact that the book analyzes institutions in different societies as expressions of selective variation , which facilitate societal reactions to broader problematic constellations. Indeed, the book perceives "human agency" itself, defined as the volitional substrate of different institutions, as a complex aggregate of "intentional variation" (220), which makes it possible for a society incrementally to adapt to systemic pressures. Underlying this approach is a systemic-evolutionary sociology of political institutions. This approach accords a "structuring" role to institutions (xvii), which are defined as mechanisms for reproducing and consolidating variations that have obtained demonstrable adaptive success. Institutions are "systems of rules," akin to biological rules governing cell behavior, and …


This article analyzes two sixteenth-century proposals for a library that would be placed under the control of the king of Spain and accessible to the public. The first is Juan Páez de Castro's 1556 Memorial, often read as a blueprint for the institution that Philip II eventually founded at El Escorial. The second is Juan Bautista Cardona's Traza for El Escorial, addressed to the king in 1579, when that project was already in progress. Páez and Cardona dreamed of a library that would overcome the dangers of loss and dispersion associated with collections owned by flesh-and-bone individuals destined to die at some point. This article will show that Páez and Cardona drew inspiration from previous and ongoing projects in Italy, France, and Spain to conclude that the preservation and dissemination of books required the association with a printing press. This was a plan that, to the chagrin of Cardona's contemporaries, failed to adequately materialize for El Escorial.


The purpose of this study is to develop and validate a scale to measure the construct of leadership rapport management (LRM) and demonstrate its potential impact on relationships between supervisors and subordinates. A brief review of the construct is presented along with its anticipated theoretical and empirical relationships with constructs that might be closely related such as LMX, perceived supervisor support, trust, and interactional justice. Construct definitions are developed and items for an LRM measure are evaluated using a three-sample validation study. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis results reveal a three-factor model of LRM and preliminary evidence of reliability and construct validity is provided.


A reliable accuracy assessment of remotely sensed geospatial data requires a sufficiently large probability sample of expensive reference data. Complex sampling designs reduce cost or increase precision, especially with regional, continental and global projects. The General Restriction (GR) Estimator and the Recursive Restriction (RR) Estimator separate a complex sample survey into simple statistical components, each of which is sequentially combined into the final estimate. GR and RR produce a design-consistent Empirical Best Linear Unbiased Estimator (EBLUE) for any sample survey design, regardless of its complexity.


Highly sensitive thick film ethanol gas sensors based on a nanocrystalline were fabricated by painting method on alumina substrates. The crystal structure of the powder was characterised by XRD analysis. The microstructure of the films were characterised using FE-SEM. The experimental results of the ethanol gas sensing characteristics indicated that the undoped thick film has a high sensitivity. The sensitivity of the film heat treated at for 2 hrs. was as high as 32.73 at an operating temperature of to 1000 ppm ethanol gas in air.


Abstract Visual stimuli often dominate nonvisual stimuli during multisensory perception. Evidence suggests higher cognitive processes prioritize visual over nonvisual stimuli during divided attention. Visual stimuli should thus be disproportionally distracting when processing incongruent cross-sensory stimulus pairs. We tested this assumption by comparing visual processing with olfaction, a "primitive" sensory channel that detects potentially hazardous chemicals by alerting attention. Behavioral and event-related brain potentials (ERPs) were assessed in a bimodal object categorization task with congruent or incongruent odor–picture pairings and a delayed auditory target that indicated whether olfactory or visual cues should be categorized. For congruent pairings, accuracy was higher for visual compared to olfactory decisions. However, for incongruent pairings, reaction times (RTs) were faster for olfactory decisions. Behavioral results suggested that incongruent odors interfered more with visual decisions, thereby providing evidence for an "olfactory dominance" effect. Categorization of incongruent pairings engendered a late "slow wave" ERP effect. Importantly, this effect had a later amplitude peak and longer latency during visual decisions, likely reflecting additional categorization effort for visual stimuli in the presence of incongruent odors. In sum, contrary to what might be inferred from theories of "visual dominance," incongruent odors may in fact uniquely attract mental processing resources during perceptual incongruence.


Metal ions in mechanical pulp brightening systems affect hydrogen peroxide bleaching by accelerating decomposition of H 2 O 2 and by forming colored metal complexes with pulp. The authors have examined the effect of borohydride on Fe(III), Cu(II) and Mn(II), the predominant ions found in mechanical pulp and the associated white water. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was applied to determine the oxidation states of the metal ions in the precipitates.


Background: The hepatitis C virus genome is extremely heterogeneous and has been classified into six major genotypes. Genotyping of hepatitis C has been achieved through both direct molecular approach and indirect detection of host genotype‐specific antibodies by serological methods. The purpose of this study was to characterize anti‐hepatitis C positive sera samples that were not genotyped either by restriction fragment length polymorphism or by serology.


Objective To identify the level of training of Australian psychiatrists in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), and to compare the number of psychiatrists specialising in ADHD versus other psychiatric conditions on the basis of the prevalence of conditions, by interrogating the RANZCP 'Find a Psychiatrist' database. Conclusion Fewer psychiatrists listed in the RANZCP database specialise in ADHD than in many other psychiatric conditions. Given that 5% of the Australian population suffers from ADHD, the condition can have significant adverse outcomes and is a common comorbidity with other psychiatric conditions, the RANZCP Training Program would be improved by requiring an in-depth knowledge of ADHD. Further training in ADHD would assist many practising psychiatrists.


Chymase is a major chymotrypsin‐like serine protease expressed in the secretory granules of mast cells in many mammalian species. In this study, we revealed the chemotactic activity of chymase for human mononuclear cells and neutrophils with a 48‐well microchemotaxis chamber technique. Human chymase showed the potent chemotactic activity for monocytes and neutrophils dose‐dependently in a concentration range from 0.1 to 10 μg/mL, corresponding to about 4–400 μM. The activity was as potent as that of N‐formyl‐methionyl‐leucyl‐phenylalanine. Chymase also stimulated cell migration of lymphocytes and purified T cells, but checkerboard analysis revealed that the effect was chemokinetic rather than chemotactic. Inhibition of chymase activities with chymase inhibitors, such as antileukoprotease and Bowman‐Birk soybean trypsin inhibitor, significantly inhibited the chemotactic activity of chymase, suggesting that the proteolytic activity of chymase participates in the chemotactic activity. Our results suggest that mast cell chymase acts as a chemoattractant, and may play a role in the accumulation of inflammatory cells in development of the chronic inflammatory responses of allergic and nonallergic diseases. J. Leukoc. Biol. 67: 585–589; 2000.


SUMMARY This paper presents the ongoing activities for the assessment of the urban seismic risk at Mt. Etna volcano using the "Disruption Index" approach. We use updated information on the historic main seismicity, seismogenic faults and intensity attenuation that in a recent research project produced probabilistic seismic hazard maps and scenarios expressed in terms of macroseismic intensity. To apply the Disruption Index at Etna, we consider a probabilistic approach for seismic hazard evaluation based jointly on macroseismic fields and fault parameters. For information on the urban scale vulnerability, we use a GIS to organise data relating to buildings and network systems (e.g. typologies, schools, strategic structures, lifelines) related to the municipalities more exposed to seismic risk. The convolution of ground motion and vulnerability/ impact is based on a Monte Carlo simulation. We present here some preliminary results on the identification of nodes that are responsible for major disruption in urban systems.


The inflow of relatively cold and stably stratified air from the Atlantic Ocean into western Mauritania and into the southwestern part of the Saharan heat low is studied using the mesoscale COSMO model. This model was used to provide operational forecasts for the GERBILS field campaign, which was conducted by the Met Office in West Africa in June 2007. The forecasts were validated against airborne measurements as well as satellite imagery and were found to represent the main synoptic features of the region accurately.


Objective: To evaluate the aplication of the IMCI in the asessment of a child from two months to five years in the outpatient consultation, after training in...


In recent years, there were different concerns to develop robust automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems for Romanian language, but only a few have been implemented for Romanian language. In this study, we present three ASR systems, implemented for Romanian language and their results are compared. The first one is a study of vowels and digits recognition, using artificial neural networks (ANN), developed by G. Toderean from Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, in collaboration with M. Giurgiu and M. Costeiu. The second one was developed by C. Dumitru from Politehnica Bucuresti University and is a system containing three modules: digits recognition, vowels recognition and telephone numbers recognition. These modules use statistical models HMM (Hidden Markov Models), neural models – ANN and hybrid models (statistical and neural models). The third system was designed by H. N. Teodorescu, from Technical University of Iasi, and contains the recognition of the basic sounds (vowels, consonants and specific sounds), short sentences or parts of sentences with different emotional charge, pathological voices. The aim of this comparison is to find differences and similarities between these systems.


Interactive Reinforcement Learning (RL) enables agents to learn from two sources: rewards taken from observations of the environment, and feedback or advice from a secondary critic source, such as human teachers or sensor feedback. The addition of information from a critic during the learning process allows the agents to learn more quickly than non-interactive RL. There are many methods that allow policy feedback or advice to be combined with RL. However, critics can often give imperfect information. In this work, we introduce a framework for characterizing Interactive RL methods with imperfect teachers and propose an algorithm, Revision Estimation from Partially Incorrect Resources (REPaIR), which can estimate corrections to imperfect feedback over time. We run experiments both in simulations and demonstrate performance on a physical robot, and find that when baseline algorithms do not have prior information on the exact quality of a feedback source, using REPaIR matches or improves the expected performance of these algorithms.


We propose and evaluate an approach to incorporating multiple user-provided inputs, each demonstrating a complementary set of musical characteristics, to guide the output of a generative model for synthesizing short music performances or loops. We focus on user inputs that describe both "what to play" (via scores in MIDI format) and "how to play it" (via rhythmic inputs to specify expressive timing and dynamics). Through experiments, we demonstrate that our method can facilitate human-AI co-creation of drum loops with diverse and customizable outputs. In the process, we argue for the interaction paradigm of mapping by demonstration as a promising approach to working with deep learning models that are capable of generating complex and realistic musical parts.


Our understanding of the planet formation has been rapidly evolving in recent years. The classical planet formation theory, developed when the only known planetary we summarize the circumstellar disks observations. We describe the new developments in planet formation theory, from dust evolution to the growth of planetary cores by accretion of planetesimals, pebbles, and gas. We review the state-of-the-art models for the formation of diverse planetary systems, including the population synthesis approach which is necessary to compare theoretical model to the exoplanet population. We emphasize that may not in Outside of not past reservoir


INTRODUCTION: Health care organizations and their employees are critical role models for healthy living for their communities. The American Heart Association (AHA) 2020 goals provide a national framework, which can be used as track success of employee wellness programs focued on improving the cardiovascular health. The current study aims to assess the baseline cardiovascular health among insured employees of Baptist Health South Florida (BHSF), a large not-for-profit health care organization. METHODS: CVD health metrics were categorized into ideal, intermediate, or poor categories based on 7 CVD risk factors/health behaviors estimated among individuals participating in a voluntary annual health risk assessment (HRA) and wellness fair available to all employees. RESULTS: The sample consists of 9996 employees who participated in 2013 annual HRA and wellness fair (mean age 43.1±12.1 years, 75% women). Screening participants on average met 4.25±1.14 ideal cardiovascular health metrics. The table describes the prevalence of ideal CVD metrics among the study participant across age and gender. Only 60 (0.6%) of participants met the AHA's definition of ideal health in all metrics and 36% met 4 or more ideal health metric The prevalence of having "intermediate" cardiovascular health (at least 1 intermediate metric and no poor metrics) was also 29.4%. Majority (70%) had "poor" cardiovascular health (at least 1 poor health metric). Overall 3/4 th participants reached ideal status for smoking, physical activity levels, and glycemic control, whereas the majority of participants had poor to intermediate BMI and health diet score. CONCLUSIONS: Prevalence of ideal cardiovascular health is low among employees of a large health care organization. Future tracking of the CVD metrics will provide critical feedback on the impact of system wide wellness efforts as well identify proactive programs to assist in progress toward the AHA 2020 Impact Goal.


This study aims to determine the history of the founder of the Da'wah Markaz; to know the progress from the year of establishment until now; to find out what methods used ustadz in learning. The research method used is the field study research method. Data collection techniques in this study using observation, interviews and documentation. Data analysis techniques using Miles and Huberman, namely data reduction, data presentation, and data conclusions. The results of the study are the city of Palembang is the place where the headquarters of Da'wah was established, because there is no conflict between religions or races. Education and development of learning delivered by the clerics in the propaganda markers as follows: Aqeedah and Morals, Fiqh of worship, Prophetic God, and Tilawatil or recitation of the Qur'an. As for the various teaching methods conducted by the cleric to convert Muslims to improve understanding of the Islamic religion are: lecture method, question and answer method, and method of giving assignments.


PURPOSE: To perform the improvement while guaranteeing a high degree of reproducibility and further minimum dispersion by specifying quantitative conditions of bath components in a method for immersing ferrous metal parts, which are previously treated by nitriding or the like, in a molten metal bath containing carbonates, etc. CONSTITUTION: Ferrous metal parts, treated by using a thermochemical diffusion technique, such as nitriding, sulfo-nitriding, or carbo-nitriding, are immersed in a molten metal bath containing carbonates, nitrates, hydroxides, and oxygenated alkali metal salts. In this method, the relative anionic proportions by weight of carbonates, nitrates, and hydroxides (expressed in terms of their sodium salts and corresponding to the active phase that is the liquid in the bath) are as follows: 11<CO 3 2- <23, 19<NO 3 - <37, 6<OH - <19. Further, the proportion by weight of oxygenated alkali metal salts, expressed in equivalents of Cr 2 O 7 2- , is as follows: 0.05 <oxygenated anions <0.5. COPYRIGHT: (C)1995,JPO


Born in Cheltenham, England, Andy Arthurs was the first person to gain a recording degree in the UK (BMusTonmeister, Surrey University). His professional career began at AIR studios, London (1971 – 75) working with George Martin. In 1984 he co-founded (with Philip Chambon and Lloyd Newson) an early digital multi-art performance group, La Bouche. After 17 years as a freelance producer, engineer, and composer in London, he moved to Brisbane Australia where he is Head of Music and Sound, Creative Industries, Queensland University of Technology. He is currently involved in merging traditional musical practice with digital practice in live and multimedia.


The reactions are carried out in a bridged two-chamber system (COware) which releases stoichiometric amounts of CO-gas, generated from COgen (I) in chamber B, into the reaction chamber A.


The bachelor thesis focuses on financial brokers and trading on stock exchanges. The main goal of this thesis is to describe and compare (costs, charges, terms) of the main trading platforms available on the Czech financial market (Brokerjet, Fio, Degiro, Patria Finance, XTB).


Abstract Introduction: T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (T-PLL) is an aggressive lymphoproliferative disorder and accounts for ~2% of cases of mature lymphocytic leukemia in adults. The sparsity of patients with this disease poses a challenge to effectively develop targeted treatments. Recent studies suggest chromosome 14 abnormalities are most common in T-PLL (75% of patients), resulting in overexpression of the proto-oncogene TCL1 and activation of protein kinase B (Stengel, Anna, et al. 2016). Presently alemtuzumab is the only effective, available therapeutic option, with almost all patients relapsing within months after completion of therapy. With the aim of identifying new therapeutics for T-PLL, we assessed the sensitivity of primary patient samples to various targeted agents using an ex vivo functional screening platform. Methods: We have previously screened over 1000 primary specimens from patients with various hematologic malignancies against a panel of 143 single-agent small-molecular inhibitors, including kinase inhibitors, bromodomain inhibitors, BHM mimetics, proteasome inhibitors, IDH1/2 inhibitors, and several other drug classes. Primary patient specimens were cultured in the presence of each drug in a 7-point dose series. Sensitivity was assessed by a tetrazolium-based viability assay on day 3. An IC50 value was then calculated for each inhibitor and compared with the median of the IC50 values for the full patient sample cohort screened to date. Inhibitors for which the IC50 value was Results: Our database identified 5 adults (3 male, 2 female) with T-PLL who had analyzable data obtained within 1 month of diagnosis (Table 1). Median age was 65 years (range, 49-88 years). At diagnosis, the median white blood cell count was 56.2 K/cu mm (16-243.65 K/cu mm) and all patients had detectable 14q11 abnormalities and TCR gene rearrangements. All patients were treated with standard first-line therapy with IV alemtuzumab (30 mg 3x/week) for an average of 11.6 weeks (8.59 -14.75 weeks). Their median progression free survival (PFS) was 9.3 months (5.4-20 months) and duration of response was 5.6 months (2.9 -16.8 months). Three patients received second-line therapy after alemtuzumab failure with a PFS of 6.9 months (1.1- 9.8 months). Three patients went on to an allogeneic stem cell transplants with PFS of 6.7 months (4.5-7.7 months). The median overall survival was 19.1 months (2.07-11.6 months). Our ex vivo assay showed that 9 (6.2%) of 143 small-molecular inhibitors were considered effective (20% of median IC50) in the majority of subjects. This included 6 FDA approved tyrosine kinase inhibitors (axitinib, dasatinib, sunitinib, sorafenib, pazopanib, and ponatinib), midostaurin, an NF-kB activation inhibitor, and CSF1R inhibitors. Sensitivity of T-PLL patients to these drugs is shown in the log plot (Figure 1). Patient 4 had no strong targets identified. Dasatinib showed the most efficacy in 4 of the 5 patients, with an average IC50 of 0.003 ± 0.0007 µm, followed by CSFIRJ inhibitor with an average IC50 of 0.02 ± 0.015 µm. Conclusions: Our functional ex vivo screen of primary patient samples allowed us to evaluate the effectiveness of several FDA approved and investigational therapeutic agents targeting multiple oncogenic pathways in T-PLL, a rare disease with limited existing therapies. Our approach indicates that several existing inhibitors may be effective in this aggressive leukemia and can be tested in prospective clinical trials. Download : Download high-res image (135KB) Download : Download full-size image Download : Download high-res image (77KB) Download : Download full-size image Disclosures Druker: Agios: Honoraria; Ambit BioSciences: Consultancy; ARIAD: Patents & Royalties, Research Funding; Array: Patents & Royalties; AstraZeneca: Consultancy; Blueprint Medicines: Consultancy, Equity Ownership, Other: travel, accommodations, expenses ; BMS: Research Funding; CTI: Equity Ownership; Curis: Patents & Royalties; Cylene: Consultancy, Equity Ownership; D3 Oncology Solutions: Consultancy; Gilead Sciences: Consultancy, Other: travel, accommodations, expenses ; Lorus: Consultancy, Equity Ownership; MolecularMD: Consultancy, Equity Ownership, Patents & Royalties; Novartis: Research Funding; Oncotide Pharmaceuticals: Research Funding; Pfizer: Patents & Royalties; Roche: Consultancy.


From the point of view of the status of the Jews, the period between the two World Wars in Romania can be divided into two equal parts: The first saw a relative openness toward the participation of Jews in economic and cultural activity; the second witnessed a stark decline of this participation, culminating in the Holocaust. Without anticipating the worst that was going to come, those who participated in the cultural effervescence of the interwar period started to feel the shift, without being able to explain it to themselves. Such a case will be discussed here, in which much of the intellectual elite of Romania was involved from both the Christian and the Jewish sides. In the spring of 1934, the Romanian-Jewish writer Mihail Sebastian, the pseudonym for Iosif Mendel Hechter (1907–1945), published his For Two Thousand Years, a ''Jewish'' novel, dealing with the status and aspirations of a Jew in interwar Romanian society. The novel was not exceptional in its choice of subject and setting, as we can see from the novels of other Jewish writers published in Romania during the same period, for example, Ion Călugăru, L. Peltz, and Uri Benador. For Two Thousand Years, however, was the only novel to incite an unparalleled controversy in Romania—a controversy that has gone largely unrecorded in the West. This widespread controversy had little to do with the actual content of the novel but rather with the fact that its preface was written by Nicolae [Nae] Ionescu, a Professor of Philosophy at the University of Bucharest and a leading intellectual figure of the 1930s. Sebastian, the protege of Ionescu, had asked him to write the preface. However, between the time of his request and the end of the composition of the novel Ionescu shifted camps and surprisingly adopted the ultranationalistic political sentiments of the movement known as the Iron Guard. Thus he then produced a preface with clear anti-Semitic overtones.


Abstract In this paper, the frequency characteristics of Chinese whispered speech were investigated by a filter bank analysis. It was shown that the first and the third formants were more important than the other formants in the speaker identification of Chinese whispered speech. The experiment showed that the 800-1200 Hz and 2800-3200 Hz ranges were the most significant frequency ranges in discriminating the speaker. Based on this result, a new feature scale named whisper sensitive scale (WSS) was proposed to replace the common scale, Mel scale, and to extract the cepstral coefficient from whispered speech signal. Furthermore, a speaker identification system in whispered speech was presented based on the modified Hidden Markov Models integrating advantages of WSCC (the whisper sensitive cepstral coefficient) and LPCC. And the new system performed better in solving the problem of speaker identification of Chinese whispered speech than the traditional method. * Supported by National Natural Science Foundat...


ABSTRACT Despite much research regarding Chinese involvement in African energy resources, there has been a lack of empirical evidence to support the claim. This paper conducts an empirical study to investigate the key determinants of China's outward foreign direct investment (OFDI): OFDI flow and OFDI stock to African countries in aspects of types of energy resources. The paper tests hypotheses and builds models using official data collected from U.S. Government Energy Information Administration (EIA) and the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Commerce (MOFCOM). The findings suggest that China's OFDI flow to Africa is driven by oil resources in recipient countries. In the linear multiple regression model, oil supply is identified as the primary determinants of China's OFDI flow to African countries among all the other types of energy resources. Neither oil supply, nor natural gas, nor coal can be identified as major determinants of China's OFDI stock in the study though they are the factors that affect the amount of China's OFDI stock to certain extent. The paper concludes that China's OFDI to Africa are significantly related with a range of factors of energy resources, especially oil supply. The implication of research results is also discussed. Keywords: Foreign direct investment, Africa, China and Economics INTRODUCTION The recent research indicates that China's OFDI is rapidly becoming an important source of OFDI to Sub-Saharan Africa. Starting from virtually no OFDI in 1979, China has accumulated over US$ 90 billion of OFDI in 2007 (UNECA, 2007). The cumulative value of China's OFDI to Africa was estimated to be US$847 million between 1991-2003, 19.5% of total outward OFDI flows (Goldstein 2006), with much of the OFDI is in the energy resource sector (Broadman and Isik, 2007). The cumulative value of foreign direct investment (FDI) to Africa was estimated to be US$ 28 Billion ($28,780,900,000) between 2003 -2007.China's OFDI flow and stock now stand as the 4th and 6th largest, respectively, among developing countries. Most of the increase in China's OFDI flow to Africa has taken place since 2002 (See Figure 1). The increasingly significant role of China's outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) to African countries has created much research interest among scholars. The literature indicates that China's OFDI flow and stock to Africa are driven by energy resources and the economy of the African recipient countries. But most recent research revealed that one of the main motives for Chinese enterprises to invest in Africa is resource-seeking (OECD Report, 2008). China's OFDI to Africa are significantly and positively correlated with a range of factors of energy resources, but not GDP growth (Asiedu 2002, 2004, 2005; Buckley, et al., 2007: Dupasquier and Osakwe, 2006; Kandiero and Chitiga, 2006; and Lydon and Williams, 2005). This paper conducts an empirical study to investigate the key determinants of China's OFDI flow and OFDI stock to Sub-Saharan African countries in aspects of types of energy resources from 2002 to 2007. The paper is organized as follows. Section 2 presents the background of the study. Section 3 presents the research design, models and hypotheses that are developed to investigate the key determinants of China's OFDI flow and OFDI stock to African countries in aspects of types of energy resources. Model l tests whether Chinese OFDI flow to Africa is determined by types of energy resources of the African recipient countries based on three hypotheses. Model 2 tests whether Chinese OFDI stock to Africa is determined by types of energy resources of the African receipt countries the other three hypotheses. Section 4 provides the research methodology and data collection. The Section 5 details the data analysis and findings of the hypotheses and multiple regression models. The last section concludes the research findings and the implications of results. BACKGROUND Outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) is investment made in the business interests of the investor in a company, in a different nation distinct from the investor's country of origin. …


The Pueblo of Laguna, located on semiarid lands in west-central New Mexico, needs additional quantities of water chemically suitable for public supply and irrigation. This study evaluates the quantity and quality of water available on the Pueblo of Laguna. Ground water for public supply can be found in the valley fill along the Rio San Jose, in the Paguate and Encinal areas, and possibly in the northern part of the Sedillo Grant. Ground water for irrigation is restricted by available well yields and quality to the valley fill along the Rio San Jose and possibly the western part of the Major's Ranch area. 45 refs., 39 figs., 12 tabs.


In this paper we describe two iterative algorithms for the numerical solution of linear least-squares problems. They are based on a combination between an extension of the classical Kaczmarzs projections method (Popa [5]) and an approximate orthogonalization technique due to Kovarik. We prove that both new algorithms converge to any solution of an inconsistent and rank-defficient least-squares problem (with respect to the choice of the initial approxi-mation), the convergence being much faster than for the classical Kaczmarz - like methods. Some numerical experiments on a first kind integral equation are described.


A negative-acting dry-film photoresist was examined via both photocalorimetry and conventional calorimetry. The photo reaction of the resist was investigated as a function of temperature, and two distinct regimes with different activation energies have been identified. Possible reaction mechanisms were discussed in terms of termination reactions of the polymerization as well as effects of vitrification. The thermal reactivity of this particular resist was studied as well. It was possible to use Kissinger's equations to predict thermal aging effects. Finally, the utility of photocalorimetry as a tool to examine quickly the reactivity of monomers and initiator systems was demonstrated.


Champion Data has collected Australian Rules Football player statistics since the beginning of the 1996 AFL season. As the data is collected from video replays, the statistics show more detail than those previously published, with the quality and effectiveness of possessions and disposals also being recorded. The statistics include short and long kicks, effective handballs, contested and uncontested marks, hard and loose ball gets, gathers, free kicks and clangers. The data have been analysed to determine the contribution of each factor to the game outcome. The ultimate aim of the investigation is to provide a scientific underpinning for a player rating system.


This Special Issue examines various issues concerning the outmigration waves of Hong Kong after 2019, the year when Hong Kong witnessed a series of social protests. In this introduction, we consider Hong Kong as a city of flows: not only because the city continues to receive immigrants and remigrants and produce emigrants, but also because of people's common practice of sojourning between home bases in and beyond Hong Kong. We suggest that the governance and politics of migration often revolve around power relationships between state and non-state actors and the changing climate of global politics.


Existing RGB-D object recognition methods either use channel specific handcrafted features, or learn features with deep networks. The former lack representation ability while the latter require large amounts of training data and learning time. In real-time robotics applications involving RGB-D sensors, we do not have the luxury of both. In this paper, we propose Localized Deep Extreme Learning Machines (LDELM) that efficiently learn features from RGB-D data. By using localized patches, not only is the problem of data sparsity solved, but the learned features are robust to occlusions and viewpoint variations. LDELM learns deep localized features in an unsupervised way from random patches of the training data. Each image is then feed-forwarded, patch-wise, through the LDELM to form a cuboid of features. The cuboid is divided into cells and pooled to get the final compact image representation which is then used to train an ELM classifier. Experiments on the benchmark Washington RGB-D and 2D3D datasets show that the proposed algorithm not only is significantly faster to train but also outperforms state-of-the-art methods in terms of accuracy and classification time.


A speech synthesis model in which the formant resonators are connected in series does not produce satisfactory speech quality for sounds produced with a narrow constriction in the vocal tract or with the velum lowered so that the nasal cavity is coupled to the oral cavity. These latter cases are better handled by a parallel connection of formants, in which the amplitudes of the individual formants can be controlled independently. An existing analysis‐synthesis method for a series model of speech [J.P. Olive, "Automatic Formant Tracking by a Newton‐Raphson Technique," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 50, 661–670 (1971)] has been adapted to a parallel formant model of speech. The analysis procedure derives pitch and four formant frequencies and amplitudes from natural speech which are then used to control a speech synthesizer. The quality of synthetic speech produced in this manner is a substantial improvement over that produced according to a series model.


This paper introduces a control method for finite time stabilization of continuous-time controllable linear time invariant multiple-input multiple-output systems. The proposed approach uses higher order sliding mode control to reduce the system order to zero and thus providing the system states to reach the origin in finite time. Such control is called finite time order zeroing control, because it annihilates all sliding variables and their associated derivatives in finite time, while system states converge to equilibrium point. Sliding manifold reaching control uses quasi-continuous control functions. Properties of the proposed control system are demonstrated on a simulation example of a real system model.


Three-dimensional forward and inverse modeling of geophysical processes in complex geology often requires upercomputer capabilities. As modeling complexity and desired resolution increases, even the largest supercomputers are not sufficient o provide reasonable turn around time We propose here using coarse grain parallel paradigms to try to break this barrier by harnessing the power of installed networks of heterogeneous computers. We indicate areas that we have identified as amenable to these ideas, such as seismic ray tracing, travel timeinversion, cooperative inversion, and global optimization. We exemplify the approach by showing the results of a distributed ray tracing code running on a network of high end workstations. Almost perfect speed-up is attained indicating that this is an appropriate approach for this application.


This paper presents critical issues of memristor degrading the performance of neuromorphic system. Among possible defects of memristor, problems of sneak path and weight retention are critical for performance of memristive neuromorphic system. To solve these inherent problems, specific methods are introduced, and consequently, it is suggested that the memristor which satisfies the specification required in system is essential.


The German terminology Urgeschichte, Vorgeschichte, Fruhgeschichte, Archaologie is discussed. Each term has to be considered in respect to its socio-political and Zeitgeist background, especially the conditions and time of its development and introduction. This paper seeks to describe the historiographical meaning of these concepts in the late 19th as well as the 20th century. They are by no means synonymous neither in respect to the kind of record based on nor of their favoured heuristic principles. The discussion is closed by an outlook how to realize the remarkable differences between the terms in debate in scholarship and university courses.


Abstract This paper presents an in-depth investigation of the binding strategies in Kokborok and we will look more specifically how this sheds light on the theories of reflexivization. Kokborok, a Tibeto-Burman language spoken in Tripura, a state in the North-East of India, has two reflexives: sak sak 'self self' and sak baithaŋ 'self self'. The form sak sak 'self self' conforms to Principle A of classic Binding Theory, blocking long-distance binding, but this does not hold true for sak baithaŋ allowing non-local binding. It is a well-established fact that some reflexives allow non-local binding, but it is generally assumed that this phenomenon is limited to a certain type of reflexive, morpho-syntactically 'simple reflexives.' The so-called 'complex reflexives' generally bar non-local binding, and the Kokborok reflexive sak baithaŋ seems an exception to that. This paper explores the uniqueness involved in the nature of anaphoric binding in Kokborok.


The purpose of this paper is to examine export earning stability for 70 LDCs, over a time period from 1954 to 1968. Our intention is to test a traditional hypothesis that LDCs exporting a large percentage of primary products must on this account suffer from a large degree of export instability. Our results leads us to reject this hypothesis. We do not find any evidence in our work to support this view, in fact we find the opposite is true, that instability appears to be a larger problem for exporters of manufactured than non‐manufactured goods.


An inter-laboratory study was conducted to assess the Kaiser-Currie Model (KCM) for the determination of detection limits. Six laboratories participated in the analysis of samples prepared from distilled water, some containing organo-chlorine pesticides at a concentration of zero and other with a greater than zero concentration. The study consisted of three phases, the first of which was a study to assess the longer term variability of distilled water samples containing no organo-chlorine pesticides prepared by the participating laboratory analysed over a six month period. A second phase consisted of replicates of distilled water samples containing organo-chlorine pesticides prepared at a single concentration greater than zero by the laboratory and were analysed over several days. Finally, a third phase consisted of twelve distilled water samples, eleven containing organo-chlorine pesticides at a concentration of greater than zero and one with a concentration of zero prepared by a third party. Estimated detection limits were determined and then compared to the observed detection limits. Only in a minority of cases, where the distribution of results from samples containing a concentration of zero was normally distributed, did Currie's L C accurately predict a concentration which corresponded to a 1% false positive rate in distilled water samples with a zero concentration of the study analyte. The USEPA's MDL performed more poorly. In the majority of cases, when any non-zero results were obtained from distilled water samples containing a concentration of zero, they were not normally distributed. Contrary to expectation, false negatives and false positives rarely occurred simultaneously on any given day. The variability between days of analysis and the use of noise reducing techniques proved to be a significant source of the observed non-normal distribution of distilled water samples. Conventional procedures based on the KCM and their underlying analytical and statistical assumptions did not provide useful predictions of laboratory sensitivity in most cases in this study.


We propose a general strategy to remediate force‐field artifacts in describing pairwise interactions among similar molecules M in the vicinity of another chemical species, C, like water molecules interacting at short distance from a monoatomic ion. This strategy is based on introducing a three‐body potential energy term that alters the pairwise interactions among M‐type molecules when they lie at short range from the species C. In other words the species C is the center of a space domain where the pairwise interactions among the molecules M is altered. Here, we apply it to improve the description of the water interactions provided by the polarizable water model TCPE/2013 in the vicinity of halides, from F− to At−, and of the prototypical carboxylate anion CH3COO−. We show the accuracy and the transferability of such an approach to investigate not only the hydration process of single anions but also of a salt solution NH4+/Cl‐ in aqueous phase. This strategy can be used to remediate the drawbacks of any kind of force fields. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


This report concerns 2 mares treated at the University of Minnesota Veterinary Teaching Hospital for hindlimb lacerations using cast application. Following cast removal both mares developed acute lameness and were diagnosed as having bilateral proximal sesamoid bone fractures of the casted limb.


Objective:To evaluate the effect of different composite resins,different adhesives systems,different light curing units,different irradiation time and different irradiation angles on the microleakage of composite resin. Methods:Sixty-four extracted human molars were randomly divided into thirty-two groups. After completing restorative procedure,specimens were immersed in 2% basic fuchsine dye. Dye penetration was observed under a stereomicroscope,and the depth of the microleage was scored and recorded. Results:The differences of three factors-adhesives system,light curing unit,irradiation angle,were significant (P0.01),and the effects between-subjects were involved between the composite resin and light curing unit (P0.01). Conclusion:Microleakage of composite resin may be affected by adhesives system,light curing unit,irradiation angle and the effect between composite resin and irradiation time.


Delay constrained linear transmission (LT) strategies are considered for the transmission of a mixture of Gaussian measurements over an additive white Gaussian no ise fading channel under an average power constraint. If the channel state information (CSI) is known by both the encoder and decoder, the optimal LT scheme in terms of the average mean-square error distorti on is characterized under a strict delay constraint, and a graphical interpretation of the optimal p ower allocation strategy is presented. Then, for general delay constraints, two achievable LT strategies ar proposed based on the solution to a particular multiple measurements-parallel channels scenario. It is s hown that the distortion decreases as the delay constraint is relaxed, and when the delay constraint is comp letely removed, both strategies achieve the optimal performance under certain matching conditions. If the CSI is known only by the decoder, the optimal LT strategy is derived under a strict delay constrai n . The extension for general delay constraints is shown to be hard. As a first step towards understanding this case, it is argued that for the multiple measurements-parallel channels scenario, any LT scheme th at uses only a one-to-one linear mapping between measurements and channels is suboptimal in general . Index Terms Linear transmission, delay constraint, Gaussian mixture, fading channel, water filling, wireless sensor networks. This work was supported by the Spanish Government under proj ect TEC2013-44591-P (INTENSYV). 2


I. The attitude of Akron housewives is generally favorable toward department store advertising. 2. Housewives think that advertising is educational. They say that it informs them as to the kinds and qualities of goods in stock, it suggests articles that are wanted and needed, and it saves a great deal of time and bother in shopping, 3. Objections were made to several features of advertising such as exaggerations and mistepresentations. Housewives think that some action ought to be taken to curtail the use of objectional advertising. 4. The persons interviewed were not very critical of the layout and general appearance of advertisements. The only suggestions made were that advertisements should be neat, attractive and easy to read. 5. The effect of anyone advertisement is influenced favorably or unfavorably by all the advertising that the store has done in the past and by the "good will" that the store enjoys in the community. In their reaction to an individual advertisement of a store, housewives appeared to be influenced largely by the reputation of the store and the good will or ill will that they personally had for it.


Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) plays a crucial role in the regulation of plasminogen activation, tumor cell adhesion and migration. The inhibition of uPA activity is a promising mechanism for anti-cancer therapy. Most current uPA inhibitors employ a highly basic group (either amidine or guanidine group) to target the S1 pocket of uPA active site, which leads to poor oral bioavailability. Here we study the possibility of using less basic 2-aminobenzothiazole (ABT) as S1 pocket binding group. We report the crystal structures of uPA complexes with ABT or 2-amino-benzothiazole-6-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (ABTCE). The inhibitory constants of these two inhibitors were measured by a chromogenic competitive assay, and it was found that ABTCE is a better inhibitor for uPA (Ki = 656 μM) than ABT (Ki = 5.03 mM). This work shows that 2-amniobenzothiazole can be used as P1 group which may have better oral bioavailability than the commonly used amidine or guanidine group. We also found the ethyl ester group occupies the characteristic oxyanion hole and contacts to uPA 37- and 60-loops. Such work provides structural information for further improvements of potency and selectivity of this new class of uPA inhibitor.


"Duchenne de Boulogne: la mecanique des passions" is at the Ecole nationale superieure des Beaux-arts, Paris, until 4 April, and "Un ami de Cezanne et Van Gogh: le docteur Gachet" is at the Grand Palais, Paris, until 26 April

Guillaume Duchenne, born in Boulogne in 1807, studied medicine in Paris and came under the spell of Laennec, Dupuytren, and Magendie and eventually specialised in neurology. He was unconventional and eccentric and never held a hospital appointment. He discovered that external electrical stimulation could bring about muscle contractions and used this as treatment and to analyse the muscles involved in facial expression. Stimulating different muscles led to the differing facial expressions—joy, sadness, anger, alertness, and so on. The exhibition displays photographs of subjects undergoing these electrostimulation experiments and early anatomical drawings of the muscles of the face. Many of the photographs are from the original atlas Mecanisme de la physionomie humaine: au analyse electro-physiologique de l'expression des passions, avec atlas. Charles Darwin, who was also interested in facial expression, used Duchenne's illustrations for his book Expression of Emotion in Man and Animals, published 10 years later in 1872.

The second exhibition is larger and is on display at the Grand Palais until April, when it moves to the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York and then to the Van Gogh Museum in Amsterdam. It deals with Dr Paul Gachet's friendships with several impressionist painters, including Pissarro, Cezanne, Renoir, and Monet.

Dr Gachet was a great art collector and early champion of the impressionists, and was the subject of several paintings by Van Gogh (Portrait of Dr Gachet, 1890), some of which are on display here. Gachet himself was also a painter, and examples of his work are also shown. The role that radiography plays in distinguishing the original paintings by Van Gogh, Monet, Cezanne, etc, from the copies is elegantly displayed in the exhibition.

Auvers, where Gachet lived, was a Mecca for impressionists in the 1870s. Cezanne was a neighbour of Dr Gachet, Pissarro and Gauguin were visitors, and Van Gogh spent his last years there, finding the village an inspiration for his works, including The Church at Auvers-sur-Oise (1890). Gachet may have been a painter of the second rank but was a friend to some of the finest French painters of the 19th century in addition to being an astute collector of fine art. The exhibition is a feast for impressionist fans.


ABSTRACT The present paper presents techniques for polyline simplification based on an artificial neural network within the constraints of generalization knowledge. The proposed method measures polyline shape characteristics that influence polyline simplification using abstracted descriptors and then introduces these descriptors into the artificial neural network as input properties. In total, 18 descriptors categorized into three types are presented in detail. In a second approach, map simplification principles are abstracted as controllers, imposed after the output layer of the trained artificial neural network to make the polyline simplification comply with these principles. This study worked with three controllers – a basic controller and two knowledge-based controllers. These descriptors and controllers abstracted from generalization knowledge were tested in experiments to determine their efficacy in polyline simplification based on the artificial neural network. The experimental results show that the utilization of abstracted descriptors and controllers can constrain the artificial neural network-based polyline simplification according to polyline shape characteristics and simplification principles.


Received 22 September 2011; revised 22 June 2012; accepted 26 June 2012; published 9 August 2012. [1] We present and apply several skill tests to assess tidal currents generated within a global ocean model compared to an archive of current meter records spanning 40 years. Within the North Atlantic we have identified over 1800 velocity records available for comparison to model output. The skill tests identify those regions where tidal ellipse parameters (semi-major/minor axis, inclination and Greenwich phase) fall within 95% confidence intervals derived from observations. Additional skill tests examine the vertical and horizontal structure of the tidal currents using the correlation and root mean square error between the observations and model. The skill tests account for grid misrepresentation within the model by comparing model values in a local 9-point neighborhood. Both the three-dimensional structure of model tidal currents and barotropic model tidal currents are compared to the altimetry based barotropic model TPXO 7.2. Our results indicate that the non-data assimilative ocean model performance is comparable to TPXO 7.2. The semi-major axes of the semi-diurnal constituents lie within the 95% confidence intervals between 40% and 60% of the time in some regions of the North Atlantic. The performance degrades when all tidal ellipse parameters are considered. Root mean square errors between the model and observations distributed through the water column are generally less than 1 cm s � 1 representing an error of less than � 10% for constituent M2. The model tides also exhibit high correlation with observations in the horizontal planes. The skill tests could be adapted to other sets of observations and other models.


The evidence in favour of this latter point is of course not decisive. But as the natives declare that the ground always cracks along the old fault-line whenever there is a severe earthquake, it is probable that before long Mr. Egerton and his colleagues may be in a position to renew their very interesting observations, and thereby to extend our knowledge of the crust-movements that are now taking place.


The number of nanosatellite missions has increased significantly in the last 10 years. This is, in large part, due to the introduction of the CubeSat standard [1] and the increased capabilities of integrated circuits. These factors have reduced the complexity and size of the subsystems and, consequently, the size of the satellite. The corresponding cost reduction has made satellite missions more attractive to the scientific and academic community.


The history of Rapa Nui (Easter Island) has long been framed as a parable for how societies can fail catastrophically due to the selfish actions of individuals and a failure to wisely manage common-pool resources. While originating in the interpretations made by 18th-century visitors to the island, 20th-century scholars recast this narrative as a "tragedy of the commons," assuming that past populations were unsustainable and selfishly overexploited the limited resources on the island. This narrative, however, is now at odds with a range of archaeological, ethnohistoric, and environmental evidence. Here, we argue that while Rapa Nui did experience large-scale deforestation and ecological changes, these must be contextualized given past land-use practices on the island. We provide a synthesis of this evidence, showing that Rapa Nui populations were sustainable and avoided a tragedy of the commons through a variety of community practices. We discuss this evidence in the context of Elinor Ostrom's "core design principles" for sustainable communities and argue that Rapa Nui provides a model for long-term sustainability.


We propose that the sunk cost effect is not actually a fallacy, but a beneficial adaption that helps present-biased investors to overcome temptation and stay with worthwhile investments. Although the effect can sometimes overcompensate so that bad investments are held onto, it yields a net benefit in expectations. We find that sophisticated individuals who anticipate their future preferences are more likely to hold onto investments, yet do strictly worse in expectation than naive individuals. Finally, we propose that present bias may also be the key to understanding the overconfidence bias.


Conformational flexibility in the host's structure is often considered detrimental to its binding. Flexible pseudo-crown ethers with aromatic donor/acceptor groups at the chain ends, however, displayed enhanced binding affinity and selectivity, particularly when the direct binding interactions were compromised by unfavorable solvents.


This paper reviews the flounder stock enhancement programme around Miyako Bay, Japan, during the period from 1980 to 1995 focusing on the stocking effectiveness of the nine releases from 1987 to 1995 evaluated by the fish census at Miyako Fish Market. We analysed the data of all landed flounder for 132 months from June 1988 to May 1999. A total of 368 986 flounder were landed, of which 106 331 (28.8%) were hatchery-produced and 262 655 (71.2%) were naturally produced fish. Return rates ranged from 5.9 percent to 23.3 percent, with average of 12.2 percent. Estimates of economic efficiencies were between 0.46 and 2.53, and seven releases exceeded the break-even point of 1.0. Flounder release was found to be economically feasible when sound juveniles were released in August and early September. Release of large-sized juveniles proved advantageous for high return rates. The most efficient size at release was detected at total length (TL) of 90 mm. The stock enhancement programme was considered to augment fishery production without displacement of natural fish. The stocking programme raised awareness among the fishers of the need to conserve small fish, which enabled a regulation to be implemented that prohibited catching flounder of body length under TL 30 cm. The yield per release ranged from 15.7 to 75.5 g before this regulation was begun, and was raised to 89.8 g in 1995 after its implementation, showing that the regulation worked effectively both for hatchery and natural flounders and improved the yield per release/recruit. General lessons, strengths and weaknesses, future prospects and limitations to the programme are discussed. INTRODUCTION The stock enhancement programme of marine resources in Japan, supported by the Japanese Government, began in 1963 by targeting important commercial coastal fishery resources. The programme has been reviewed, focusing on its organization (Imamura, 1999) and stocking effectiveness (Kitada, 1999). Flounder is one of the main target species of the programme. The number of annually released juvenile flounder exceeded one million in 1980 and 30 million fish were released from 37 of 39 prefectures facing Japan's coastal waters (Anon., 2000a). Chapter 6 new.indd 171 31/3/05 9:57:26 am


The study was designed to investigate the place of job stress in labour turnover of the banking sector in the business environment of Nigerian economy. The study identified some variables of job stress to include work materials, work pressure, personal problems, organisational policies, job security, work environment and institutional policies with a view to improving organisational workforce stability. The research work employed the use of open and close ended questionnaires in order to elicit relevant information from the respondents, the open ended questionnaire was used during the pilot study with 435 respondents chosen from the existing 23 banks in Nigeria while the close ended questionnaire was developed in line with Likert five point rating scales. The research work used random and purposive sampling techniques in the course of administering the questionnaires to 600 respondents who were the employees of the banks. Out of the 600 questionnaires administered, 533 questionnaires were considered to be adequate for analytical purpose representing 89% respondent's rate. Descriptive statistics, correlation and regression analyses were used to analysis and test the hypothesis at 0.05 level of significance. It was found that the result showed that labour turnover was significantly influenced by job stress variables with strong positive correlation in relationship and thus, suggested that a pragmatic review of the human resources management policies as well as organisational policies to induce serene atmospheric conditions where no one is carrying out responsibilities in fear or operating under duress. i.e a family like work environment.


Abstract A novel series of 4,5-dihydroisoxazole-5-carboxamide derivatives were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their anti-cancer activity against two different human cancer cell lines. Most of the synthesized compounds showed anti-cancer activity with IC50 values ranging from 4.03 to 104.45 μM. Further, compounds 17h, 17i, 17e, and 18e were showed potent inhibitory activity against two cancer cell lines, with IC50 values close to that of standard drug. It is important to note that compound 17h was more potent than the standard drug cisplatin with IC50 values of 4.11 and 4.03 μM against Hela cell line and MCF-7 cell line respectively. Graphical Abstract


Background: Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is the single most frequent reason for attendance at Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) in Ireland. Research has suggested that parents of children with ADHD experience more parenting stress than parents of non-clinical controls, yet routine treatment for ADHD rarely addresses parental well-being. Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) have been found to result in a reduction in parental stress. Method: An adapted Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) intervention was delivered to parents (n = 23) of children with ADHD recruited from CAMHS and ADHD Ireland. Results: Following the intervention a significant improvement was documented within the social relationships domain of quality of life (WHOQOL-BREF) and a significant reduction on the child hyperactivity scale of the Strengths and Difficulties (SDQ) questionnaire. Conclusion: This pilot study suggests that an MBSR intervention is both feasible and effective for parents whose children have ADHD. Larger scale studies need to be conducted before inclusion in routine CAMHS.


This study dealt with the effect of the irrigation water quantity added at the irrigation levels I1 and I2 (100 and 50% of available water and the effect of correlation between the polymer and animal amendments added to the soil on the potato crop. Result showed that the plant properties were impacted by the irrigation level I1 compared to the level I2. The values of site 2 were superior over the values of site 1 in terms of the plant height, number of stems, dry root weight, average weigh of the tuber and the yield of each plant. The interference treatment P3O2 of the irrigation level I1 achieved the best values for the two sites, in addition to the positive role played by the soil improvements (polymer and animal amendments), which meliorated the values of porosity, infiltration, increased water retention by soil and decreased the bulk density. In addition to that, there is an evident effect of the irrigation level I1 and the interference amongst the levels P3O2, P2O2 and P3O1 on the total number of the tubers and the total production in comparison to their counterparts at the irrigation level I2. The treatment P3O2 achieved the best results in terms of the number of tubers and the total production at the irrigation level I2 for both sites whereas the effect of I1 irrigation level with the animal amendments was clear in terms of number of the big tubers and big-size production. The interference between the polymer and the animal amendments at the I1 level, showed a clear superiority in terms of tubers number and the productivity as small tubers for planting and the interference treatment P3O2 recorded the highest results at the irrigation level for both of the two sites.


Background: Recently sub-optimal outcomes were reported after the second stage anatomical correction of congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries (cc-TGA) with morphologic Left Ventricular (mLV) regression. We followed up all the patients underwent Pulmonary Artery Banding (PAB) with/without the second stage Double Switch (DS) operation to compare the outcomes between the DS and the prolonged palliative PAB.

Methods: From 2005 to 2012, 40 consecutive patients diagnosed with cc-TGA with morphological LV regression were included in this retrospective cohort study. Every patient underwent the first stage PAB. The second stage DS was performed in 15 patients (group I) while the palliative PAB was prolonged in the other 25 patients (group II). The median age at PAB was 3.1 years (range, 3 months to 8 years) and the mean weight at PAB was 11.5kg (range, 5.0-21.5kg). Mean follow-up was 3.4±0.7years (range, 6 months to 9.5 years).

Results: Overall survival rate was 66.7% in group I vs. 96.0% in group II (P=0.03). Three patients had at least moderate neo-aortic regurgitation at latest echocardiography and 2 patients had severe post-double switch operative arrhythmias in group I. The ratio of NYHA I–II (80.0% in group I vs. 95.9% in group II, P=0.02) and the mean systemic ventricular ejection fraction (51.4±9.6% in group I vs. 61.0±6.4% in group II, P=0.006) were higher in group II at follow up. No PAB relating cyanosis or ventricular dysfunction was found in group II. The trans-banding pressure gradient was 46.9±21.5mmHg in group II.

View this table:

Outcomes between groups

Conclusions: The results of the mLV retraining followed by a DS procedure for cc-TGA with morphological LV regression were unsatisfactory. Compared to the DSO, the prolonged pallative PAB provided a lower mortality and indicated a better cardiac function. As a result, performing the DSO on these patients needs careful consideration and the prolonged pallative PAB may be considered as an ideal procedure. Further follow-up is warranted with a focus on the exercise tolerance.


Squamous odontogenic tumor is exceedingly rare, benign neoplasm of the jaws, originating from the rests of Malassez and less than 50 cases have been reported. Here we report this tumor in young female involving anterior part of mandible. Very few cases have been published till now in literature, here we present a case of squamous odontogenic tumor arising in the anterior portion of mandible, which itself is a rare site for this tumor. .


A software-oriented approach is proposed to estimate the path delay in GNSS-over-fiber systems for attitude determination without specialized hardware. The success rate is enhanced, and the accuracy is improved by almost an order of magnitude.


When viewed at a certain coarse grain, the brain seems a relatively small dynamical system composed by a few dozen interacting areas, performing a number of stereotypical behaviors. It is known that, even relatively small dynamical systems can reliably generate robust and flexible behavior if they are located near a second order phase transition, because of the abundance of metastable states at the critical point. The approach pursued here assumes that some of the most fundamental properties of the functioning brain are possible because it is spontaneously located at the border of such instability. In this notes we review the motivation, the arguments and recent results as well as the implications of this view of the functioning brain.


Objective: To summarize methods and experiences of nursing for patients with non stem hip prothesis replacement in perioperative period. Methods: 21 patients treated with non stem hip prothesis replacement in early stage of the avascular necrosis of femoral head were investigated,the clinical treatment and nursing experiences were summarized in this study. Results: 21 patients were in hospital from 14 to 21 days,average 16 days.All patients were successfully through the surgery,without postoperative complications,and function of broken extremity recovered all well. Conclusion: The complications of hip dislocation,deep vein thrombosis,pulmonary infections and pressure sores were effectively prevented with full preoperative preparation,psychological nursing,scientific nursing and early time function exercise in non stem hip prothesis replacement cases,and promote the patients recover early.


There are many kinds of digital calculation methods for transient phenomena on a electrical system. The most highly developed technique among them is the iterative method of travelling waves which has been given as the O'Alembert's solution of the wave equation. The technique was first devised by Schnyder! and Bergeron" and developed by Frey3 , Barthold , McElroy 5, Ametani" and others. The other famous technique is the Fourier transform which is based on the Bernoulli's solution of the wave equation. This technique has been developed by Leg0 , Mullineux", Wedepohl? and others. This, however, has a severe disadvantage, that is, computer programs are using hundreds of hours of computer time with procedures requiring N 2 operations to compute Fourier transforms of N data points.


Perception or more widely cognition of the words and sentences of a second language (L2) requires the process of both phonological decoding and lexical decoding. Accordingly, both acoustic context and semantic and syntactic context play an important role in L2 speech perception as well as in native speech perception. In this paper, the effect of acoustic and semantic contexts in learning L2 phoneme perception was examined. The result of a laboratory training study showed that identification accuracy significantly differed among the stimulus conditions. It was also demonstrated that acoustic context decreases but the semantic context increases identification training and that meaningfocused training progresses accuracy of the perception learning on phoneme identification only in the condition in which context has semantic meaning. These results suggest that training methods that develop the ability to identify phonemes only with auditory input may be effective in cultivation of aural comprehension.


This study aims to determine the increase in activity, the ability to understand concepts and solve mathematical problems using guided discovery learning models. This research is a classroom action research. There are two cycles in this study, where the results from one cycle become a reflection material to make improvements to the implementation of learning in the next cycle. The research subjects were 25 students of class VII.2 of SMP Negeri 15 Sijunjung. Research data was collected through observation and final tests. Indicator of achievement in this study is more than 60% of students who complete the understanding of the concept and more than 55% of students who complete the problem solving and reach 61% for student activities. The results of the data analysis showed that in the first cycle 48% of students were completed for understanding concepts and 40% of students were complete for problem solving, while in the second cycle there were 64% of students who were complete for understanding concepts and 56% of students who were complete for problem solving. Whereas for the activities of students in the first cycle had reached good criteria, but with a still low percentage of 61.6% and in the second cycle reached 77.6%, it was seen that there was an increase in activity from the first cycle to the second cycles by 16%. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that guided discovery learning can improve students' activities, understanding concepts and mathematical problem solving


In the existing buckling analysis of drill stem in horizontal condition,the drill stem is thought of as an even rod with equal diameter and sticked on the below wall of well on the action of deadweight,so it was simplified as simply supported beam compressed axially and supported evenly along its length by well wall.However in fact the drill stems in horizontal condition consist of some drill pipes,and each drill pipe has two connectors.As the diameter of connector is larger than the diameter of drill pipe body,and the wear-resistant liner is fixed in the vicinity of the connector for wear-resistant,only the segment of connector can contact with the borehole wall and is supported by borehole wall,and the body of drill pipe is not supported by the borehole wall.In view of this reason,in this paper the drill stem in horizontal condition is thought of as a simply supported continue beam compressed axially,the segment of connector is simplified as intermediate supporting seat of continue beam.On the basis of this,the buckling of drill stem in horizontal condition was analyzed by matrix transmission method,and the characteristic equation of stabilization calculation is derived,the critical pressure of drill stem in horizontal condition was computed.The calculation results indicated that the length of drill pipe had great influence on buckling load of drill stem in horizontal condition.


5173 Background: 2ME2 is a non-estrogenic derivative of estradiol with antiproliferative and antiangiogenic activity. Preclinical data support antitumor activity in prostate cancer. Prior studies w...


The invention provides a cloud computing platform of a judicial committee and a display method thereof. The cloud computing platform of the judicial committee comprises the components of: a conversion module and a local-end data transmission module which are arranged at the local end; and a control module, a display module and a client data transmission module which are arranged on each client; wherein the control module of the client is connected with the client data transmission module for transmitting data to be displayed through the client data transmission module to the local-end data transmission module according to the request of a trial judge. The local-end data transmission module is connected with the conversion module so as to convert the data to a recognizable format which can be recognized by the display module of the client, and furthermore transmits the data back to the control module of the client through the local-end data transmission module. The control module is connected with the display module for controlling the display module for displaying the received data with the recognizable format. The cloud computing platform of the judicial committee can greatly reduce software and hardware expenditure of the judicial committee.


Green carbon science concerns the efficient use of carbon resources and the minimization of CO2 emissions. In this preface to the Special Issue entitled Green Carbon Science: CO2 Capture and Conversion, Professor Avelino Corma offers his thoughts on how the capture and utilization of CO2 can aid the transition to more sustainable production of energy and chemicals.


As the rapid development of information technology, campus computer network has become a critical infrastructure in colleges which is charged with teaching, research, management, communication, and many other important tasks. Therefore maintaining the security of the campus computer network is as important as public property. As a network technician in college, the author often helps teachers solve their computer problems many of which caused by viruses, trojans, etc. It also made me feel deeply from campus network security.