The adoption of aquacultural products has created an imbalance of market power between catfish producers and a processing sector that exerts a monopsonistic power in certain regions of the U.S. such as west Alabama. However, because of the recent changes caused by vertical integration of the catfish industry y the existence of an oligopolistic power has been identified in the catfish industry. An empirical model of pricing in the catfish industry was developed using a theoretical model proposed by Appelbaum. An analysis of the market structure was conducted to provide estimates of conjectural elasticities over time. Conjectural elasticities were used to construct the oligopoly power index. Results show some evidence of the existence of oligopolistic power in the catfish industry that further suggests some degree of price enhancement.


As predicted, the "Universe breakers" galaxies is a one more confirmation of the Perfect Cosmology (steady-state model). Moreover, the main cosmological parameters show quantum resonances using the large Lucas and Eddington numbers. This confirms that matter is a matter-antimatter oscillation and dark matter a quadrature one. This confirms also the BIPM G value, larger by 1 . 7 × 10 − 4 than the official one.


The iterative learning control problem for a class of linear singular systems with time-delay is studied.According to the characteristics of singular systems,the Proportional Integration Differential(PID)type iterative learning control algorithm of the time-delay system is given by introducing method of iterative learning control.Using λ norm and Bellman Lemma combined with the generalized inverse theory,the convergence of the algorithm is complete proved theoretically.The results show that the convergence of the linear singular with time-delay can be solved considering the characteristics of the singular system and find the right method for convergence analysis.The research in this paper has important theoretical significance and practical value to the study of iterative learning control for singular systems.


The paper discusses several systems of the small caliber archibald air defense anti-missile in the informatization,analyzes action systems of fuzes for air defence anti-missile projectiles,describes choosing power supply methods and three information setting systems and their application orientations,and puts forward advices about next study on small caliber archibald air bursting fuze.


Urachus anomalies are generally asymptomatic, but when infected can simulate acute abdomen. This anomaly has to be deemed when abdominal tenderness is associated with inflammation signs in parumbilical or hypogastric regions. Ultrasonography has great sensibility to settle down the diagnosis as observed from our three cases. Ultrasonography images with air suggest intestinal fistula in most cases with sigmoid or ileum as shown here.


Albany Molecular Research Inc. (AMRI) has signed a deal to provide sterile fill-and-finish services for AstraZeneca's COVID-19 vaccine candidate, AZD1222. AMRI will do the work at its facility in A...


This paper describes geostatistical analyses completed at a discontinuous permafrost site in central Yukon to develop a predictive model for the presence of late-season frozen ground in support of planning and design for potential site develop- ment. The most important factors in the bivariate statistical model were soil type, as determined through terrain analysis, and slope aspect, as inferred from available topographic data. The other three factors included in the final model were profile curvature, slope angle, and ground elevation, each interpreted from available topographic data. The resulting model subdivides the site into three broad classes of frozen ground likelihood: low, where frozen ground can be expected to be encountered in late summer at 15% of observation locations; medium, where 50% of the ground is expected to remain frozen; and high, where 85% of the ground is expected to remain frozen. New test pit and borehole data from the summer of 2012 were used to verify model performance. The inferred correlations between frozen ground and soil type, aspect, curvature, slope, and elevation obtained in this case study may provide useful information relative to expected permafrost occurrence at sites in central Yukon with similar geology and physiography.


Table grapes should be a pleasant and appealing. This condition is crucial because the consumer considers the first "eye" size, shape and color of the grapes. The production of grapes, in addition to climatic conditions and variety cultivated has a decisive influence on applied agrotechnics plantation. Obtaining high yields of high quality and at a low cost price agrotechnical requires application of differentiated varieties. Necessity to replace the old table grape varieties in plantations established many years ago, with new varieties suitable for large productions and qualitative study resulted in the collection ampelographic of new varieties such as 'Argessis' and 'Golden Stefanesti', compared with varieties known 'Muscat Hamburg', 'Augusta'. The research in the present paper, started from the assumption that pruning represents the most important agrotechnical link in the culture technology of grapevine. The execution of correct working, in accordance with the variety and the culture conditions of the grapevine ensures the achievement of


Abstract 1769

CLL cells are characterized by their ability to resist apoptosis in vivo , but in vitro they undergo spontaneous apoptosis. This suggests that interactions between CLL cells and accessory cells in the tissue microenvironments, such as mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC), nurselike cells (NLC), T-cells, and endothelial cells are critical for maintaining CLL cell survival. CLL cells display constitutive PI3K pathway activation, presumable due to CLL interactions with the microenvironment. CAL-101 is a potent and selective inhibitor of the p110d PI3K isoform and has shown promising clinical activity in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) in early stage clinical trials. Here, we investigated the ability of CAL-101 to disrupt interactions between CLL and endothelial cells (EC) or bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC). We tested two EC lines human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and UV-2 mouse vascular endothelial cells, and two BMSC lines, stroma-NKtert derived from human bone marrow, and KUSA-H1, a murine BMSC line. CLL cells were cultured for 72h in presence or absence of EC or BMSC. Fig A displays mean (±SEM) CLL cell viabilities of cells from 7 different patients. We found that both, EC and BMSC rescue CLL cells from spontaneous apoptosis with significantly higher CLL cell viabilities in the presence of EC and BMSC (*P< 0.05; **P< 0.01). For example, after 48h significantly higher CLL cell viabilities were noticed with HUVEC (53.2%±4.3%, p<0.05,), UV2 (61.8%±5.3%, p<0.01), stroma-NKtert (96.7%±5.3%, p<0.01) and KUSA-H1 (93.7%±0.95%, p<0.01), when compared to CLL cultured in medium alone (37.5%±4.1%).

To test the effects of CAL-101 on EC- and BMSC-mediated CLL cell protection, CLL cells were cultured on ECs or BMSCs in presence or absence of CAL-101 (0.5μM and 5μM), and CLL cell viabilities were assessed at 24h, 48h and 72h. Viabilities of CAL-101 treated samples were normalized to the viabilities of control samples at the respective timepoints (100%). Fig B depicts the mean relative viabilities of CLL cells co-culture with ECs or BMCSs in presence of 5μM CAL-101, compared to CLL cells in the absence of CAL-101. We found a significant reduction of the viability of CLL cells in co-culture with EC and BMSC with both concentrations of CAL-101 (*P< 0.05; **P< 0.01; n=7).

These data demonstrate that marrow stromal and endothelial cells both support the viability and protect CLL cells from apoptosis. When comparing BMSC with EC, we noticed that BMSC were more effective than EC in protecting CLL cells, which may explain why the marrow is a preferred site for residual disease and relapses in patients with CLL. CAL-101 can overcome both, BMSC- and EC-mediated CLL cell protection, indicating that CAL-101 inhibits BMSC- and EC-derived pro-survival signals. Ongoing experiments investigate the role of adhesion molecules on BMSC- and EC-derived survival signals and CLL cell adhesion to BMSC versus EC, and how adhesion molecule function is affected by CAL-101. These studies will give us better insight into the mechanism of action of this interesting new drug.

![Figure][1]

Disclosures: O'Brien: Gilead: Consultancy, Research Support. Lannutti: Gilead Sciences: Employment.

 [1]: pending:yes


There is a growing political focus on the quality of aid. Energy and resources have been put into reforms to improve aid effectiveness by basing programming on evidence about what works, increasing the level of evaluation and strengthening evaluation rigour. This is a laudable ambition, but the measures being put in place to improve the production of evidence will not improve aid effectiveness unless they are backed by measures to promote the actual use of that evidence.


A theoretical investigation has been made on obliquely propagating ion‐acoustic (IA) solitary structures in a three components magneto‐plasma containing cold inertial ions, Boltzmann distributed positrons, and hot non‐thermal electrons. The Zakharov‐Kuznetsov equation has been derived by the reductive perturbation method, and its solitary wave solution has been analyzed. Multi‐dimensional instability has also studied by the small‐k (long wave‐length plane wave) perturbation expansion technique, which is found to exist in such a plasma. The effects of the external magnetic field, nonthermal electrons, obliqueness and temperature ratio have significantly modified the basic properties of small but finite‐amplitude IA solitary waves, such as amplitude, width, instability criterion and the growth rate. The present investigation contributes to the physics of the nonlinear IA waves in space and laboratory electron‐positron‐ion magneto‐plasmas in which wave damping produces an electron tail. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


In this article,we reviewed the research of the stress ulcer in pathogenesy,prevention and cure.By observing the regulation of the active substance of HuangQi,SanQi and the compatibility of them to the melatonin and its receptor,we pointed that the prevention of Chinese medicine to the gastric mucosal damage of stress ulcer would be a new research direction on the therapeutical principle of YIQI HUOXUE.


Abstract : Pilot plant produced sulfur curable poly(aryloxyphosphazene) rubber was formulated with fillers, stabilizers, foaming agent, activators, and curatives to prepare 121.7 square feet of fire-retardant thermal insulation foam. Foaming involved two steps, thermal pre-cure under pressure and free expansion at elevated temperature. Eleven of fourteen specification properties were easily met. Three properties, namely compression set, flame spread index, and water vapor permeability did not meet the target property guidelines. (Author)


Abstract Background The challenge facing NGOs in most developing countries is the need to emerge as valuable forces that affect development in order to improve the living conditions of the people in several communities. Funding is necessary for the survival and development of these NGOs. Research aims: This study, therefore, sought to find out the efect of financial resource mobilisation strategies on the sustainability of NGOs in Nigeria, with particular reference to the Minna metropolis. Research aims The purposive sampling technique was used to select 118 staf from 50 NGOs as a sample size for the study. Three alternative hypotheses were raised to be tested at P<.05 and a structured questionnaire was adopted for data collection. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Pearson Correlation, and the Ordinary Least Square method of estimation. Methodology The result revealed the existence of a statistically significant and positive relationship between private contributions and the sustainability of NGOs, a positive but insignificant relationship between commercial activities and sustainability of NGOs, and an inverse relationship between government funding and sustainability of NGOs. Findings The study established that private contributions affect the sustainability of NGOs to a very large extent; government funding does not improve the sustainability of NGOs, and commercial activities do not have a significant impact on the sustainability of NGOs. Consequently, the study recommended that management and staf of NGOs should create more awareness about their operations in order to attract better contributions from private individuals and organisations.


She appears to fit the following Axis II classifications best: Negativistic. COMPLETE LISTING OF MCMI-III GROSSMAN FACET SCALE SCORES. Schizoid.Millon Davis, 1996 model posits that personality scales should have high. The second edition of the measure, the MCMIII Millon, 1987, was cre.patients were scored twice with and without the item weights. That item weighting reduces the access of the MCMI-II by clinicians, without.Table l no clinical elevations on the MCMI persomiliti scales reported.


Overview the switching power supply design key point,first expound the switching power supply design methods and content,then introduced the power switch(MOSFET) and the selection method of the primary induced voltage,final expound the problems of prevent the high-frequency transformer's magnetic saturation and electrical performance testing methods.


The composition of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) from the gas phase ozonolysis of methylenecyclohexane was analyzed in a series of indoor aerosol chamber experiments. Capillary electrophoresis‐electrospray ionization‐ion trap mass spectrometry (CE/ESI‐ITMS) was used for qualitative and quantitative analysis of SOA constituents. A number of dicarboxylic acids in the range of C5–C6, such as adipic acid and glutaric acid, were found as major components of the organic products. Besides these smaller compounds, the formation of higher‐molecular‐weight compounds were observed under both neutral and acidic conditions. MS/MS experiments were carried out in order to obtain information on the monomer units and the structure of the dimers. MS2 experiments of the two most prominent dimers with a mass‐to‐charge ratio (m/z) of 257 and m/z 273 yielded common fragments of m/z 83, 129 or 145. Based on the fragmentation patterns, these dimers are tentatively identified as carboxylate ester acids containing a unit of adipic acid in the structure. The dimer with m/z 257 was nearly 60% of the total detected compounds for both the neutral and acidic seed particle experiments.


Vol. XVI, No.1 | [Blog Articles:] "President Applauds Cal State Northridge's
'Abundance' in Final Convocation Address"; "CSUN Welcomes Students and Alumni to
Campus with Matador Statue Unveiling and
Address by Award Winning Author"; "2011 Faculty Awards Honor Pioneering
Educators for Service"; "President's Annual Convocation"; "Connectivity, Collaboration, Character: CSUN
Staff Honored for Exemplary Service"; "Lunch Break: Watch a Movie"; "Catherine Jeppson: 'Visionary' Alumna and
Faculty"; "Semester Begins with Restored Roadways and
Renovated Parking Lots"; "Outstanding Graduates 2011"; "Faculty and Freshman Orientation"


As guest editors for this Special Issue on driving and community mobility we were delighted by the extremely good response to the call and thank the many peer reviewers who worked tirelessly to identify strong research for publication. We had sufficient high quality international studies to fill two issues, of which this is the first. The second will be published later this year, although the papers will appear online as a 'virtual issue' before that. Special Issue part one focuses on approaches to assessment related to the occupation of driving and community mobility, while part two presents approaches to intervention. We start this issue with the gold standard approach to identifying research evidence: A systematic review. The review presents methods and assessments used to assess fitness to drive after a mild traumatic head injury (Baker and Unsworth, 2015) and identifies the means and timescales that can be used when making complex clinical judgements concerning resumption of driving. The three papers that follow focus on the assessment of two essential performance skills needed for driving: Vision (Smith et al., 2015) and cognition (Kwok et al., 2015; Lanceley, 2015): Smith et al. advocate a clinic-based approach to assessment as valuable in the prediction of driving ability, whereas Lanceley reflect on the inherent problems of clinic-based testing, advocating the need to test occupational performance in a naturalistic on-road environment; Kwok et al. examine the interplay between the two, investigating the predictive validity of a cognitive clinic assessment in relation to on-road driving performance, and recommend a combination of clinical and on-road assessment (termed comprehensive driver evaluation, or CDE). Recognising the need for CDE, Unsworth et al. (2015), in a study funded by the United Kingdom Occupational Therapy Research Foundation, examine how experienced occupational therapy driving assessors make fitness to drive recommendations. Case scenarios, presented to assessors in order to examine information cues used and recommendations made, showed them to have a coherent approach that was in almost perfect agreement, despite completing the task independently across the UK and Australasia. These findings are being taken forward into a web-based training resource. Berndt et al. (2015), meanwhile, examine the nature of the tasks and sequences that need to be included in an onroad driving assessment to make the content and construct validity sufficiently robust. The findings produced a useful international checklist against which occupational therapists can compare their own on-road testing protocols. Finally, Vaucher et al. (2015) examine the reliability of the assessors when undertaking on-road assessments for ageing drivers, finding that after a half-day training session the assessors' inter-rater reliability was very high. In the second part of this two-part Special Issue we present studies that focus on interventions to enable driving and community mobility.


It is argued that recent experiments with moving beam-splitters demonstrate that there is no real time ordering be- hind the nonlocal correlations: In Bell's world there is no "before" and "after". PACS numbers : 03.65.Bz, 03.30.+p, 03.67.Hk, 42.79.J


The utility model discloses a heat-storage pipe-type air preheater which is a rectangular pipe box. A heat exchange pipe in regular arrangement is arranged in the rectangular pipe box; the heat-storage pipe-type air preheater is characterized in that the heat exchange pipe is composed of two layers of different steel pipes, and a heat-storage medium is sealed between the two layers of steel pipes; a partition board is arranged in the rectangular pipe box, the upper part of the partition board is an air passage, and the power part of the partition board is a gas passage. The two layers of steel pipes are taken as the heat exchange pipe by the heat-storage pipe-type air preheater, the heat of gas can be absorbed by the heat-storage medium and then all released to the air, and thus heat change is realized. The heat-storage pipe-type air preheater has the advantages of high heat exchange efficiency, low rate of air leakage, conspicuous electricity saving, compact structure and easy maintenance.


A technique is described for the dynamic calibration of accelerometers or other vibration‐measuring instruments. For each calibration frequency the accelerometer is attached to a free‐free bar driven electromagnetically at a known sinusoidal displacement. Displacement amplitudes are measured by means of strain gauges which are calibrated optically. The accelerometer output can be conveniently compared in magnitude and phase with the displacement as indicated by the strain‐gauge voltage. Instruments have been calibrated at frequencies between 400 and 2000 c.p.s. The error in determining phase angle was about ±2 degrees. The error in the optical measurement of displacement was about ±0.1 × 10−3 cm. The percent error, however, could be made fairly small by calibrating the strain gauges at large displacements of the bar. For instance, the error in calibrating a 200‐g accelerometer at 1000 c.p.s. was about ±2 percent.


NR1D1 suppresses breast cancer progression and lung metastasis by enhancing antitumor immunity via cGAS-STING pathway activation, which provides potential immunotherapeutic strategies for breast cancer.


Examines stakeholder theory through the prism of behavioral research, which aims to bring realistic assumptions about human behaviors, emotions and cognition to understanding how to manage stakeholders. Although a broad stakeholder orientation – engaging with numerous stakeholders in the social-political environment – is associated with positive outcomes for firms in the form of increased collaboration and reduced conflict with actors in their sociopolitical environments, companies are constrained with limited resources. Looking inside the firm, particularly at how interdependencies and trade-offs across stakeholders are viewed and managed, helps to explain why some firms attend to the interests of more stakeholders than others. Also, efforts to appeal to some stakeholders often fail to create value for firms. Behavioral research in stakeholder theory can address two overarching themes: how executives interpret their environment and devise appropriate responses (thus, accounting for heterogeneity across firms) and how stakeholders make sense of corporate data and difficult-to-observe corporate practices (thus, accounting for heterogeneity across outcomes).


Skeletal muscles (tongue, masseter, leg, intercostal, and diaphragmatic muscles) and brain samples of 100 sheep at slaughter were analysed for the presence of T. gondii tissue cysts along with serum IgG titres. Two methods of isolation by percoll gradient centrifugation and tissue microarray (TMA) technique with immunoperoxidase staining were used. Seropositivity was detected in 88% (88/100) of sheep sera analysed by indirect fluorescent antibody test. Tissue cysts were observed in 46 (52.3%, 46/88) and 15 (17%, 15/88) of the seropositive sheep with the isolation technique and TMA and immunoperoxidase staining, respectively. The diameters of the tissue cysts were 25–58 × 25–62 (mean 34 × 36) µm. The relationship between the presence of tissue cysts and seropositivity in sheep was statistically significant at 1/16 (P < 0.01) and at 1/64 and 1/128 (P < 0.001) serum dilutions.


Dormant shoot of introduced blueberry varieties of B91 and B92 from Bulgaria were used as experimental materials to carry out a study on techniques of budding and dissimilating of apical bud,stem apex and stem segments,regeneration and fast propagation of stem segments,rooting and transplanting of seedlings in test tube.The results showed that the pre-treatment on dormant shoot has significantly increased efficiency of inoculation;WPM+ZEA 2.0 mg·L-1 was a suitable medium for stem segment inoculation;WPM+ZEA 1.0 mg·L-1 was a fast propagation medium producing a large number of clusters;1/2 WPM+IBA 1.0 mg·L-1+NAA 0.5 mg·L-1 was the ideal medium for rooting.In the greenhouse peat,river sand and garden soil mixed at 1∶1∶1 ratio,and treated with sulphur powder after acid was a comparatively good substrate for transplantation of seedlings produced in test tube;Transplanted seedlings performed vigorous growth in the demonstrate orchard.


We have measured the photoreflectance spectra from the emitter region of In/sub 0.53/(Al/sub x/Ga/sub 1-x/)/sub 0.47/As (0.3<x<1.0) graded emitter InGaAs/InAlGaAs HBTs grown by MBE on InP substrates. From the Franz-Keldysh oscillations we have determined the built-in dc electric fields and energy gaps which were then compared to modeled results. Features were identified corresponding to the uniform InAlAs layer as well as the graded layer and good agreement between the modeled and experimental results was obtained. A feature originating in the graded emitter region has been identified and correlated to base dopant diffusion into the emitter.


Objective To purify α1 antitrypsin(α1 -AT )from Calm FIV and observe the efficiency of virus inactivation in it. Methods α1 -AT was purified from Cohn FIV by precipitation ,ultrafiltration, ion-exchange and gel filtration, and the virus in it was inactivated by pasteurization. The specific activity of α1 -AT was detected by single immumodiffusion , cress immunoelectrophoresis, SDS-PAGE and peptide chromogenic substrates method, and the purity of it by band scanning method.Results The purity of three lots of α1-AT was(91.3± 1.52)%,and the specific activity of it was 0.49 ± 0.08u/mg,which was 27.4 times higher than that of source material before purification.The titers of model viruses VSV,Sindbis,poliovirus type I decreased by 10.0 ± 0.3,10.0± 0.3 and 7.11±0.31gTCID50/ml respectively,while poliovirus type I still could be detected out after virus inactivation. Conclusion The purification procedure can be used as an effective way to prepare highly purified α1 -AT, and the viruses in α1 -AT can be effectively inactivated by pasteurization.


Governments all over the world are increasingly entering into partnership agreement with the private sector through public–private partnership (PPP) models for the development and management of public projects and services. Thus, the purpose of this study is to first examine the factors that enter into government's attitude, value for money (VFM) and PPP-based waste management projects (WMPs) in Ghana. Further, this study examines the relationship between PPP-based waste management and VFM, along with the mediating role of government's attitude.,Data were collected through a survey questionnaire from four metropolitan municipal assemblies of Ghana. This study's sample consisted of 230 respondents, and structural equation modeling was employed to conduct an empirical analysis. The structured model had evaluated the critical success factors (CSFs). Subsequently, the measurement model helped in the path analysis of the proposed model.,The authors found a nonpositive relationship between PPP-based WMPs and VFM; however, government's attitude will influence the achievement of VFM. Reliance on quality targets is ranked as the highest CSF in PPP-based WMPs in Ghana. Also, incentives for private sector participation and effective private sector participation are ranked as the least CSFs.,Most of the questionnaire's items were self -rated by employees of municipal assemblies who were not policymakers. This must have increased the possibility of common method bias. In addition, the study was limited to Ghana (a developing economy); therefore, the generalization of the results should be done with much caution.,This study suggests to develop a network of private sector consortiums considering international and national participants who are engaged in PPPs in order to ensure successful delivery and hence valuing for money.,This study offers a novel perspective to investigate the relationship of PPP-based WMPs and VFM and shows how the government's attitude mediates this relationship.


The photosensitized chemiluminescence (CL) of 2-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3(7H)-one (CLA) in aqueous solution of Rose Bengal near pH 7 has been investigated. Three time profiles (fast decay, fast rise–and–decay, and very slow decay components) of CL were observed at 380 nm. The former two terms were due to the Type II and Type I reactions, respectively. The intermediates of the each reactions were apparently different.


Summary. Trapa natans L. is typified by a specimen from Italy and T. natans var. pumila Nakano ex Verdc. is validated. Treatments of the genus Trapa L. are widely diverse, varying from those that accept only a single species to those, mainly the product of the Russian School, where up to 30 recent species are maintained and many more fossil ones in addition. The literature is complex and preparation of accounts for the various local floras particularly difficult. During the preparation of an account for the Flora of Southern Africa it became clear that two taxa were involved there and a number of problems were encountered in attempting to provide names for them. After much thought and study of all the material at Kew the decision to follow Brenan (1953, 1978: 346) in considering that there was one species with many varieties was made. Most workers agree that only one species is involved and some would recognize no varieties but probably have not exam


did the bacteriological studies on these cases. The supplies of soluseptazine were received through the courtesy of Poulenc Freres of Montreal. I wish to thank the members of the attending staff of the Alexandra Hospital, the Montreal Children's Hospital, and the Children 's Memorial Hospital for permission to include in this series the cases which had been under their supervision, and the nursing staffs of these institutions for their kind co-operation.


A uniform, flexible and frictionless chain falling link by link from a heap by the edge of a table falls with an acceleration g/3 if the motion is nonconservative, but g/2 if the motion is conservative, g being the acceleration due to gravity. Unable to construct such a falling chain, we use instead higher-dimensional versions of it. A home camcorder is used to measure the fall of a three-dimensional version called an xyz-slider. After frictional effects are corrected for, its vertical falling acceleration is found to be ax/g = 0.328 ± 0.004. This result agrees with the theoretical value of ax/g = 1/3 for an ideal energy-conserving xyz-slider.


The e-navigation concept was introduced by the IMO to enhance berth-to-berth navigation towards enhancing environmental protection, and safety and security at sea by leveraging technological advancements. Even though a number of e-navigation testbeds including some recognized by the IALA exist, they pertain to parts only of the Integrated Navigation System (INS) concept. Moreover, existing e-navigation and bridge testbeds do not have a cybersecurity testing functionality, therefore they cannot be used for assessing the cybersecurity posture of the INS. With cybersecurity concerns on the rise in the maritime domain, it is important to provide such capability. In this paper we review existing bridge testbeds, IMO regulations, and international standards, to first define a reference architecture for the INS and then to develop design specifications for an INS Cyber-Physical Range, i.e., an INS testbed with cybersecurity testing functionality.


The structure and material properties of polymer networks can depend sensitively on changes in the environment. There is a great deal of progress in the development of stimuli-responsive hydrogels for applications like sensors, self-repairing materials or actuators. Biocompatible, smart hydrogels can be used for applications, such as controlled drug delivery and release, or for artificial muscles. Numerical studies have been performed on different length scales and levels of details. Macroscopic theories that describe the network systems with the help of continuous fields are suited to study effects like the stimuli-induced deformation of hydrogels on large scales. In this article, we discuss various macroscopic approaches and describe, in more detail, our phase field model, which allows the calculation of the hydrogel dynamics with the help of a free energy that considers physical and chemical impacts. On a mesoscopic level, polymer systems can be modeled with the help of the self-consistent field theory, which includes the interactions, connectivity, and the entropy of the polymer chains, and does not depend on constitutive equations. We present our recent extension of the method that allows the study of the formation of nano domains in reversibly crosslinked block copolymer networks. Molecular simulations of polymer networks allow the investigation of the behavior of specific systems on a microscopic scale. As an example for microscopic modeling of stimuli sensitive polymer networks, we present our Monte Carlo simulations of a filament network system with crosslinkers.


A model-based approach is presented for predicting future state (position and velocity) of the preceding vehicle in response to velocity disturbance from lead vehicle in a platoon. Online parameter estimation is used to adapt model parameters based on characteristics of individual drivers in the platoon. A car-following model is used to describe platoon longitudinal dynamics. Examples are presented using simulated as well as real-traffic data.


The reductive cyclisation of 3-chloropropyliodo(methyl)arsine and 3-chloropropyliodo(phenyl)arsine with sodium in tetrahydrofuran affords the four-membered alicyclic tertiary arsines 1-methylarsetan and 1-phenylarsetan respectively. The five-membered homologues 1-methyl- and 1-phenyl-arsolan may be prepared similarly from the corresponding 4-chlorobutyliodo-methylarsine and -phenylarsine.


We tested the ability of human listeners to discriminate white noise bursts in the absence of binaural discrimination cues and changed the shape of spectral cues. minimum audible angle (MAA) thresholds were determined for five subjects in a two-alternative, forced-choice, adaptive paradigm as a function of the orientation of the array of sound sources in the vertical plane (elevation). The subjects were students with normal hearing who wore a monaural earplug to reduce sound level and timing cues and were then fitted with a pinna mold to change the shape of spectral cues. Tests measured discrimination of the vertical angle in eight planes parallel to the median plane (0deg position). The results showed that the sound source position could be discriminated in the vertical plane when a subject with normal monaural hearing wore the external ear model. However, the discrimination ability worsened remarkably. The ability to discriminate the orientation of sound sources in the lower hemi-field was greater than in the upper hemi-field at the 0deg to 180deg reference positions, while the reverse was true for the 225deg to 315deg reference positions. In addition, the pinna cavities of both the near and far ears play a role in determining the perceived vertical angle of a sound source in any horizontal position, including the median plane. As a sound source shifts laterally away from the median plane, the contribution of the near ear increases, while that of the far ear decreases. For horizontal positions at azimuths greater than 180deg from the midline, the far ear mold no longer changes the shape of spectral cues for discriminating the vertical angle.


One of the greatest problems in treating advanced prostate carcinoma is monitoring the therapeutic response of bone metastases. As these metastases are mainly osteosclerotic and lead to a markedly increased bone calcium requirement that may give rise to an imbalance in calcium homeostasis, the authors investigated whether changes in calcium balance may be useful for evaluating the response of bone metastases to treatment.


The change from customary U.S. to the SI units of measurement will be more than a simple matter of converting numbers. It will require rethinking of computation approaches as the new system is absolute rather than gravitationally based. Mass, weight and force are not interchageable. Weight, which is a force unit, is a newton, not a kilogram. The value for acceleration due to gravity when calculations are made in SI units will be removed from customary static equations and added to customary dynamic equations. Typical methods for the computations that may prove challenging in SI units are shown. Tables containing recommended practice in the selection of prefixes and units, conversion factors, and rules for the use of SI, are included. The changeover also allows a basic reconsideration of modules to simplify specifications and standards for manufacturers.


The present invention discloses a liquid crystal display device, comprising: a display area and a driving circuit unit, wherein the display is provided in the form of cells arranged in a matrix on the pixel region; and a driving circuit unit having at least one LDD (Lightly Doped the drain) type TFT and GOLDD (gate overlapped lightly doped drain) type TFT.


A large amount of data is generated in educational institutes. The produced data does not provide a clear picture due to which the important details might not be visible. This data can be used in different ways if it is analyzed properly. Analysis of data plays an important role in the understanding of information. The main objective of this paper is to develop a web-based software which evaluates the performance of students, faculty, departments and predict the placement of students which will eventually help in evaluating students potential strengths and weaknesses for the growth of the institutes. As data sets have grown in size and has become more complex, therefore this has made efficiency of data mining algorithms to decrease. So OLAP technology is used in this paper to analyze database information from multiple databases at one time and its data is stored in the multidimensional database.


Corbeddu cave on the island of Sardinia contains Late Pleistocene sediments containing numerous fossils of a common species of deer. Evidence of human activities was also found which is unusual as a Late Pleistocene island fauna is not supposed to be asscoaited with humans, as they were supposed, until recently to have colonized islands not earlier than the Holocene. Analysis of the assemblages, presented in this study, provided detailed information about the microstratigraphy of the site, which has been reconstructed by using a newly developed computer program. The combination of all taphonomic information makes it possible to reconstruct the nature of the site formation processes and Hofmeijer argues that the assemblages cannot have been formed by natural processes alone. Indeed the Corbeddu cave differs from mainland assemblages to such an extent that the study suggests that the bones were a by product of feeding but were also used as tools.


This work is the first description of Mycobacterium peregrinum as an etiological 14 agent for mycobacteriosis in farmed fishes. We report the mycobacterial infection in 15 farmed European tench ( Tinca tinca L) which was confirmed by culture, molecular 16 identification methods (PCRs aimed at 16S rRNA, rpo  and hsp65 sequencing), and 17 histopathology. Since M. peregrinum infection has been described in humans, their 18 clinical significance in fishes should be considered of healthcare interest. With this case 19 report, we also show that a multidisciplinary approach was needed to overcome 20 difficulties associated to diagnosis of piscine mycobacteriosis.


In the area of expansion, where if you have restriction on fertility, soil preparation has contributed considerably to the improvement of the physical, chemical and water conditions of soils and, consequently, to the proper development of culture of sugarcane. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different management techniques on the availability of nutrients in soil in an area of expansion of sugarcane, formerly with Brachiaria decumbens , in the Cerrado region. The experiment was conducted using the CTC 2 variety at Jalles Machado mill in Goianesia, GO. The experiment was established in a randomized block design, with six treatments and four replications. Chemical attributes of soil were evaluated at depths of 0-20, 20-40 and 40-60 cm. Significant differences were found among depths for all analyzed attributes. Adopted management systems influenced chemical attributes and the availability of nutrients for plants. Invertion of soil through plowing and harrowing is extremely beneficial to carry out soil amendment in the first year of cultivation, improving the incorporation and effectiveness of the corrective. The adoption of no-tillage system did not prove to be the best option for the first year of sugarcane cultivation, hindering the incorporation of the corrective.


Tuning into Toxins and Channels: The Characterizations of Tv1 and a Human Cardiac Sodium Channel Voltage-Sensor Domain by Mohammed H. Bhuiyan Advisor: Dr. Sébastien F. Poget In nature, peptide toxins are an abundant resource, produced both by marine and terrestrial organisms. A major target of these peptide toxins is the group of the highly important voltage-gated ion channels. Due to their high specificity and affinity, peptide toxins have been used for over a decade in discovery and characterization of voltagegated ion channels. Although peptide toxins have been extensively characterized structurally, the structural characterization of eukaryotic voltage-gated sodium channels has seen much less progress, due to their large size and high hydrophobicity. Voltagegated sodium channels play crucial roles in many physiological processes, and when these processes are disrupted, due to malfunctioning ion channels, they lead to diseased states known as channelopathies. It is believed that some channelopathies can be corrected through fine tuning of the gating properties of the diseased channels through the use of drugs or peptide toxins. If the structural interactions of these peptide toxins with their cognate voltage-gated sodium channels can be unraveled, we may be able to use them as drugs directly or as lead compounds for the thoughtful design of small molecules that exploit these interactions. Here, I have taken the following steps towards an increased structural understanding of ion channel-toxin interactions:


The invention discloses an ageing-resistant powder coating. The ageing-resistant powder coating is formed by mixing the components of resin, curing agents, fillers and additives. The ageing-resistant powder coating disclosed by the invention is optimized in formula, and rutile type nanometer TiO2 is added, and excellent ultraviolet shielding of rutile type nanometer TiO2 is utilized to effectively improve the powder coating so as to greatly improve the glossiness retention rate of a coating film and enhance the anti-discoloration ability of the coating film, therefore, a polyester powder coating is endowed with excellent anti-ultraviolet radiation performance and ultraviolet light aging resistance to prolong the outdoor service life of the polyester powder coating and upgrade the product.


The invention relates to a preparation method of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid. By the preparation method of the 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, the cost can be reduced, the purity of the product is high, and the 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid is suitable for being industrially produced continuously. The preparation method comprises the following steps: continuously adding acrylonitrile and fuming sulphuric acid in a 1# reactor at the temperature of 2-7 DEG C; continuously overflowing to a 2# reactor; feeding isobutene into the 2# reactor at the temperature of 37-42 DEG C; cooling and crystallizing reaction liquid in a settling and crystallizing kettle; carrying out separating and drying to obtain coarse 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid; mixing the coarse 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid with acetic acid in a recrystallization kettle, heating and dissolving, cooling and separating out, and carrying out centrifugal drying to obtain the high-purity 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid. The preparation method is used for preparing the 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid.


Physical properties including magnetic susceptibility, room-temperature electrical resistivity, thermal conductivity, heat capacity, and thermal expansion are reported for high quality single-crystal samples of marokite CaMn2O4. We determined that CaMn2O4 is highly electrically insulating and exhibits long-range antiferromagnetic order below TN=217.5 0.6 K with easy axis along a. Anisotropic thermal expansion, similar to that of crystallographically layered materials, is observed, suggesting that the crystal structure of CaMn2O4 is also assembled from previously undescribed layers. An extensive thermodynamic study of the antiferromagnetic transition was undertaken resulting in a heat-capacity critical exponent =0.082 0.007 and calculated pressure derivative dTN /dP=5.154 0.174 K /GPa.


Microfinance is a variety of financial services target low income clients. Since the clients of microfinance institutions MFIs have lower incomes and often have limited access to other financial monetary amounts than traditional financial services. This service includes loans, insurance and remittance. Microfinance established in the year 2007. Micro finance jobs have evolved into full services recruitment organization offering on lines and off lines services for individual and organizations in the global microfinance sector. Microfinance institutions currently operate in over 100 countries, serving more than 92million clients (copy right 2015 microfinance exchange, MCMIX market).


On July 5, 1957, a live prairie mole, Scalopus aquaticus , was captured near Hickory Corners, Michigan, while it was attempting to cross a road. When I received the mole it had been without food or water for 24 hours. Its weight, after eating, was 68.5 grams. When the mole was released on August 14,1957, it weighed 75.5 grams.

Throughout most of its period of captivity the mole was kept in a cage containing only an inch of soil so that it could be easily observed. The soil was frequently cleaned and kept …


Aiming at the key technology of automatic target-reporting system, which are paper image analysis and bullet hole recognition, a fast hole-location and score-counting method is proposed in this paper. It is consisted of two key algorithms: the two-step fast & fine segmentation algorithm based on CIELAB color model and the self-adapt scoring algorithm based on radial basis function. Firstly, the fast Gauss filter is used to smooth the target image and avoid the influence of white loop on threshold settling. Secondly, based on the CIELAB color model, the A-channel layer of the green target paper is extracted for threshold segmentation. When the complete and effective target area is separated out, the 10-ring region and bullet hole location are identified through the calculation of image region roundness. Finally, by establishing the two-dimensional Euclidean space radial basis function, a self-adaptive fast scoring algorithm is realized which does not depend on the size of target paper and improves the generality of automatic target reporting system. In the last part of the paper, a series of experiments were carried out. All the results show that the proposed method is effective and reliable, with good robustness and adaptability. It is suggested that the application of our method will benefit on the improvement of target-reporting system in shooting training.


PURPOSE: The Curves fitness and diet program has become very popular among adult women with over 2 million women currently participating in the program. However, the efficacy of this program has yet to be examined. This study examined the efficacy of the Curves fitness and diet program on weight loss and resting energy expenditure (REE). METHODS: 123 sedentary women (38.7±8 yr; 93.2±19 kg; 44.8±4.8 % body fat) participated in a 14-wk exercise and diet program. Based on baseline testing, subjects were randomly assigned to an exercise and no diet group (ND+E); an exercise and high calorie mixed diet (2,600 kcals/d for 2-wks at 55% C, 15% P, 30% F; 8 wks at 40% C, 30% P, 30% F; 4 wks at 55% C, 15% P, 30% F) group (HCD+E); or, a low calorie high carbohydrate (LC-HCHO+E), high protein (LC-HP+E), or very high protein (LC-VHP+E) diet. The diets involved consuming 1,200 kcal/d for 2-wks and 1,600 kcal/d for 8-wks. Subjects then ingested 2,600 kcal/d and 1,200 kcal diet at 3/2, 3/2, 5/2, & 10/0 day intervals in an attempt to maintain weight loss and REE. Diets were standardized with 30% dietary fat with carbohydrate intake ranging from 40-55% on the HCD+E and LC-HCHO+E diets and protein intake ranging from 50-63% on the LC-HP+E and LC-VHP+E diets. Subjects participated in a supervised 30min resistance training circuit program that was interspersed with calisthenic exercises and performed 3-d per week. At 0, 2, 10, 10.4 and 14 weeks, body weight, body composition (DEXA), and REE measurements were obtained. Data were analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA and are presented as means ± SD changes from baseline for the ND+E, HCD+E, LCHCHO+E, LC-HP+E and LC-VHP+E groups, respectively. RESULTS: After 10 weeks, subjects experienced significant (p<0.001) weight loss (-0.2±2; -1.1±3.2; -4.6±3.1; -4.5±4.1; 6.2±5.0 kg) and fat mass loss (-0.5±1.7; -0.5±2.0; -3.0±2.1, 3.2±2.8, -4.0±3.5 kg) which was maintained or continued during the maintenance phase (-0.1±1.8 -1.3±3.3; -5.1±3.5; -5.4±4.9; 6.3±5.4 kg weight; -0.9±1.7; -1.0±3.0; -3.5±2.8; -3.6±3.4, 4.6±4.1 kg fat). The majority of the weight loss was fat (76100%). Weight loss was due in part to a significant gradual increase in REE during the study at week 10 (1.65±2.7 kcal/kg/d) and week 14 (1.94±2.8 kcal/kg/d). The greatest increase in REE occurred in the HCD+E group. CONCLUSIONS: The Curves fitness and weight loss program appears to increase REE and promote weight loss particularly when following one of the diet plans. Moreover, intermittent dieting following weight loss appears to be an effective way to maintain and/or promote weight loss as well as to increase REE. Supported in part by Curves International, Inc., Waco, TX Rationale The Curves fitness and weight loss program has become a very popular means of promoting health and fitness among women. The program involves a 30-minute circuit training program and a weight management program involving periods of moderate caloric restriction (1,200 to 1,600 calories per day) followed by short periods of higher caloric intake (2,600 calories per day). The program is designed to promote a gradual reduction in body fat while increasing strength and fitness. Although the program has been based on sound rationale, the effects of following this program have not been studied. The purpose of this study is to examine the acute and chronic effects of Curves International fitness and diet program on weight loss, body composition, and resting energy expenditure in sedentary overweight females.


Air Liquide has been involved in the design of industrial furnaces (glass melting, reheating, aluminum, [[ellipsis]]) for several years. Thanks to that experience, known-how and expertise in modeling such applications have been developed. Dedicated simulation tools — 0D for global heat and mass balance, 1D for the prediction of longitudinal temperature profiles and 3D for detailed analysis — have been built. Each of them is very helpful when used relevantly and offers numerous opportunities at each step of the design of a furnace. In such kind of applications, the temperature levels are very high (up to 2500 K). As a consequence it is very crucial to simulate the radiative heat transfer as accurately as possible. This requires the use of a radiation model that can take into account complex geometries, non-isothermal media and various gas mixture compositions. Very often, three-dimensional simulations are necessary and reduction to smaller dimension problems is difficult or inadequate. The present paper introduces a new radiation model for computing two-dimensionally radiative heat transfer in an industrial furnace with a piecewise distributed load. To reduce the three-dimensional problem to two dimensions, the method consists in coupling the 2D radiation transport equation to a boundary condition based on view factors through an imaginary plane to homogenize the radiative behavior of the load surface. A solution procedure using the discrete transfer method associated to a weighted-sum-of-gray-gases database to deal with absorption and emission of a CO2 -H2 O mixture is proposed. Simulation results are finally compared to an analytical formula and then to a full-3D approach taking into account participating media, non-isothermal and gray walls. All tests show that this model can be used to simulate industrial configurations with a good accuracy.© 2005 ASME


This thesis builds on a growing body of research that seeks to understand how the physical and environmental attributes of the road network influence cyclists' route choice. Better understanding of the costs and benefits of physical infrastructure can be used by planners to prioritize investment in cycling facilities. The thesis uses a high quality GPS dataset of bike trips recorded between August 23 and September 23 2015, using the City of Toronto's cycling app. Trip route characteristics are obtained by matching the GPS traces to a detailed GIS network dataset of road attributes. A path-size multinomial logit model is used to assess the utility of cycling facilities and the costs of road features, such as high traffic volumes, steep hills and turns at busy intersections. The study also examines the route variation based on attitudes and demographic characteristics of cyclists.


Over the last several years, attention has been drawn to the role of race, bias, and discrimination across many facets of society. Medicine, in particular, has a long history of racialization, including overt bias, racial disparities in care and outcomes, and race-based medicine. Ophthalmology is, in manyways, at the forefront of medicine, with rapid advancement in technology, drug delivery, and surgical techniques. Unfortunately, our field lags behind in efforts to push forward the diversity and social progress needed in medicine. Racially, the ophthalmology workforce, departments, and residencies remain less diverse comparedwithmedicine as a whole as well as the U.S. population. In fact, in a recent survey of U.S. residency programs' racial diversity, ophthalmology ranked last.1 However, increasing racial diversity alonewill not automatically result in a complete understanding of and reckoning with the role of race in our field. This requires a more intentional effort and greater conversation around how race impacts thewayswe think and practice and how race-based ophthalmology can weaken the care we provide for our patients. Terminology around diseases and exam findings that have historically been informed by race must be examined and critiqued. This effort should center around the question of whether language carries bias or racial implications that can negatively inform how we think about disease and practice medicine, for example, by implying causal relationships where there are none. A clear example (outside of our field) is the recent reterming of the skin finding historically labeled "Mongolian spots." Referring to a benign congenital pigmented skin lesion found on some newborns, the term "Mongolian spot" is closely tied to overtly racist pseudoscientific theories of racial superiority.2 Persistent use of this term reinforces an incorrect notion of some relationship between the pathology and a poorly defined racial subgroup. Recently, the term has appropriately been supplanted by "congenital dermalmelanocytosis," amore descriptive name and one that does not carry and reinforce the racialized history of its predecessor. Within ophthalmology, a term that similarly deserves scrutiny is "racial melanosis." This refers to benign pigment deposition in the conjunctiva and still frequently appears in modern literature and clinical practice. A newer alternative for this term is "complexion-associated melanosis" (CAM). Inherent in its name, "racial melanosis" suggests that there is a racial predilection for this exam finding/diagnosis. The reality, however, is that CAM is closely related to skin color, not race. Historically, skin color has at times formed a loose basis for racial categorization. However, the delineation of racial categories has varied immensely throughout history, often to serve larger sociopolitical purposes, and does not map clearly by skin color. By 2020 U.S. Census categorizations, race is largely defined by one's area of geographic origin, not skin color. Skin pigmentation thus cannot equate perfectly with race, and terming a condition that correlates with level of skin pigmentation "racial" is fundamentally scientifically inaccurate. As with much of race-based medicine, the term "racial melanosis" represents the use of race as a poor proxy for variables that deserve greater attention. In its implication of racial causality, it suggests we need not look further into other factors—considering, for example, actual level of skin pigmentation—and belies the need to incorporate these variables into clinical decision-making as to whether, for example, a particular patient needs closer monitoring or a lesion needs to be biopsied. In clinical practice, race has become firmly lodged in the wayswe think about andmanagemanyophthalmic diseases. Conventional teaching is that African American patients have a higher risk of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).3 Similarly, rates of certain types of uveitis seem to differ across racial lines: Our department has found higher rates of postcataract extraction anterior uveitis among African American patients.4 However, differences in disease that we


The drift of the amplification factor p. should induce drifts of the emitted current I a in a fixed-bias circuit and the beam energy in a self-bias circuit. The μ-drift due to the heat from the filament was measured, and also calculated from the I A-drift for an hour. The relative μ-drift thus calculated was 1-3% in 10 min in a conventional gun, and it decreased to smaller than 003% in 10 min in an improved gun, where thermal expansion of the Wehnelt electrode was compensated by the movement of the filament supporter. Energy of the beam was 20 kev. The initial emitted current I A(t= 0) was 198 μA in the conventional gun and 14.4 μA in the improved gun. The relative energy-drift should be proportional to the relative μ-drift and inversely proportional to (μ+ 1). Accordingly, the relative energy-drift should be 1.3 × 10−6; in 10 min in the conventional gun, while it should be smaller than 3 ×10−6 in 10 min in the improved gun, when μ is assumed to be 100 in both guns.


Heo Kyun(AD.1569~AD.1618)was a distinguished scholar in the mi d -Jo Seon Dynasty.In his five biographies,the choice of the b iographees and the biographer's cle ar -cut attitude of praising virtue a nd censuring all vice mirrors his values.In his works Yan Chushi Zhuan and Sungu Shanren Zhuan,Heo Kkyun,on the one hand,displayed his idea of di scarding uniformity of standards in selecting and appointing people with special talents and on the other hand,he portrayed some real Confucian figures who hated angling for fame and courting publicity or being hypocritical conformists.In his works Nangong Xiansheng Zhuan,Zhang Shanren Zhuan and Jiang Sheng Zhuan,he drew on the writing skills of the T ang short stories and consulted the n arration model used in the fairy tales of Tai Pi ng Guang Ji.These works express his i deal of having Buddhism and Taoism merged into one,his approval of Taoism's practicing austerities so as to make internal"pills"of immortality and his yearn for a place inhabited by supern atural beings.Through studying Zhuan,we can not only grasp the character,ideological implication and literary achievements of Heo Kyun,but als o understand the social trends of the then Jo Seon Dynasty.


Based on the revelation of the variation characteristics of the ground resistivity in Urumqi station,the relationship between the anomaly variation of the ground resistivity and the moderate strong earthquakes in near region and the partial large earthquakes in far region was induced,analyzed and discussed The relationship between the shape of the precursor anomaly of the ground resistivity and the earthquakes was discussed


This paper explores the constructions of sustainability within a recent land use planning event. The focus is upon the discursive processes employed by key actors and agents in constructing concepts of sustainability during the local planning inquiry into a retail and leisure proposal in the District of Easington, County Durham 'called in' by the Secretary of State for the Environment. It reveals which discourses in particular were employed and discusses their implications. It concludes that sustainability is very much part of a wider political–economic game and that a high degree of social power lies with those participants who are able to utilise the appropriate discursive spaces and concepts; as a result of these factors the rhetoric of the concept of sustainability is generally not being played out within local level planning contexts.


Octadecyltrimethylammonium chloride(OTAC) is the active ingredient of Luqingling,mainly used as orange miticide.The indirect photometric chromatographic method for determination of OTAC was established.And the chromatography condition was optimized:ODS column,water(with 2.5 mmol/L SAA)=25∶75 as mobile phase,flow rate at 0.3 mL/min,column temperature at 38 ℃ and the detection wavelength at 294 nm.The detection limit was 1.968×10-9 g and the linear correlation coefficient was 0.998 9.According to the recommended concentration of 66.7 mg/L,the residual amount was from LOD to 4.157 mg/kg.Thirty days after the application,no residue was detected in the soil.


As a prior option of the next generation of energy source, the accelerator driven subcritical nuclear power system (ADS) can use efficiently the uranium and thorium resource, transmute the high-level long-lived radioactive wastes and raise nuclear safety. The ADS accelerator should provide the proton beam with tens megawatts. The superconducting linac (SCL) is a good selection of ADS accelerator because of its high efficiency and low beam loss rate. It is constitute by a series of the superconducting accelerating cavities. The cavity geometry is determined by means of the electromagnetic field computation. The SCL main parameters are determined by the particle dynamics computation.


The present work was conducted to study the prevalence of klebsiella pneumonia in surface water which a part of feacal coliform bacteria that consider one of  microbial pollution indicators in water, also determined their antibiotic resistance and ESBL encoding gene using PCR with specific primers for the detection of CTX-M gene. The results showed a total of 40 isolates of klebsiella pneumonia were tested for the presence of the CTX-M gene by PCR, 87.5% were carrying this gene, and also isolates were resistant to various classes of antibiotics. Water and sewage are the ones, which have been identified as reservoirs of enteric bacteria for spread of resistance factors, wastewater treatment plant did not show a satisfactory efficacy in removing pathogenic microorganisms, allowing for the dissemination of multiresistant bacteria into the environment and this can result in routes of dissemination of multiresistant bacteria and their genes of resistance into the environment, thus contaminating water resources, and having serious negative impact on public health. Keywords: CTX-M, k. pneumonia


Time Management is one of the most important factors in a student's life. Many studies have shown a relationship between the anxiety and stress of a student's life with effective time management. Timetable Generation is one of the most tedious jobs with the capacity for many errors and mistakes. There are several different methods proposed to solve this problem. Motivated by these studies, this article proposes an application for an autonomous system that handles the generation of the weekly timetable. The proposed framework utilizes genetic algorithm for the generation of a weekly timetable depending on various factors like time, subjects, and the difficulty of the subject for a respective student. With the genetic algorithm operators and the constraints provided by the student, the timetable generated fulfills all the required constraints and minimizes minor hindrances related to the timetable generated. The proposed framework provides the ability to the student, to customize their weekly timetable on factors related to their respective needs. This system is proposed to reduce the time taken to make a viable timetable and to provide better time management strategies to students in higher education systems.


This paper explores the difficulties of addressing ethical questions of genome research in a public engagement setting where laypeople and scientists met for a longer period of time. While professional ethics mostly ignores public meaning, we aimed at a bottom-up approach to ethics in order to broaden the way in which ethical aspects of genomics can be addressed. However, within this interaction we identified a number of difficulties that constrained an open discussion on ethical issues. Thus, we analyze how ethical issues were approached, framed, debated, displaced or closed. We then elaborate on the possibilities and limits of dealing with ethics in such a participatory setting. We conclude by hinting at what should be taken into consideration when approaching issues of science and ethics more "upstream."


Introduction
Our study was undertaken to determine the association between use of a health plan-sponsored health club benefit by older adults and total health care costs over 2 years.


Vitex agnus castus (chasteberry) is a popular treatment for the management of female reproductive disorders including corpus luteum insufficiency, premenstrual syndrome (PMS), menopausal symptoms, and insufficient milk production. According to developing situation of complementary medicine, and frequent use of this herb, it is important to examine its effects during pregnancy. In this research we studied its effects on mice development, and we focused on macroscopic parameters, such as CRL (Crown-Rump length) and the weight of embryos, and diameter and the weight of placenta, and microscopic parameters such as the diameters of eye and lens of embryos. We found that Vitex has special effects during different stages of mice development, for example it can improve the growth of embryos in 8 th and 9 th day of pregnancy (it causes significant increase in CRL and weight of embryos). Also, it may changes some microscopic parameters. These founding suggest that it should be used more cautiously during pregnancy.


Based on the theory of deformed Lie algebra, we construct a nonlinear spectrum generating algebra for the first Pschl Teller potential by use of the Hamiltonian and the natural operators. This nonlinear algebra can determine the energy spectrum and the complete set of eigenfunctions, and can be converted into the harmonic oscillator algebra through a nonlinear transformation, which shows there is a new symmetry in the system.


Background: The Lectorate Public Sector Innovation (HAN University of Applied Science) is founded to transfer private sector innovation insights to the public sector. For the health care innovation project, it studied several excellent examples of which five cases focused on telehealth and telecare: AED Alert, Digital IVF polyclinic (UMC St Radboud), Caring Home (Proteion Domestic Care), 113 Online and Zorg TV (Proteion Domestic Care). Findings: The cases demonstrate the Herculean efforts needed before innovations come to play. Many anecdotal experiences are described, such as how a medical doctor dealt with the threat of losing his medical practice license because he planned to train volunteers to use automatic external defibrillators. The research yielded facilitators and barriers for health innovation. Examples of facilitators are inspiring visions, using pilot studies and the presence of persons able to bridge technology/health language barriers. Examples of barriers are outdated legislation, underestimating the time needed to attune work with ICT processes and resistance among time-pressured and IT inexperienced staff. Conclusion: In conclusion, innovators seem to be rowing against the current. The absence of innovation management methods common practice in private organizations unnecessarily complicates implementing new ideas in health care settings.


This essay questions whether Strindberg's naturalistic plays such as The Father and Miss Julie can be read as an autobiographical text. The purpose of this question is two-fold. First, it is to argue that those two plays as naturalistic texts are at odds with the conceptual categories of autobiography since the former requires both the artist's detached attitudes towards his own art and scientific objectivity in representing reality. Second, it is to read those plays in a broader context by re-conceptualizing them as a cultural production. Culture in this essay is extended to the intellectual milieu and the scientific discoveries of the time. Strindberg was well versed in psychological and sociological theories of the past and the present. In his dramatization of the adverse reality of human relationships in The Father and Miss Julie, the playwright incorporates what he learned from the influential thinkers of the time including Freud, Herbert Spencer and Nietzsche.


Research and development in the field of semiconductor industries is mainly focused on aspects related to improve efficiency of devices, gaining a thorough understanding of material (semiconductor) properties and development of new deposition techniques of thin films. More over, the manufacture of electronic devices requires the process of deposition of thin film materials is an essential step. In order to facilitate control of the deposition processes of thin film are required for fabrication of electronic devices.


Introduction: This research was designed and implemented to investigate the effectiveness of a medium term program to intervention in identity processing and decreasing identity difficulties. Method: Of 500 freshmen, 75 students had identity problems and 24 who agreed to participate were selected and randomly divided into two groups of 12 (case and control). Intervention programs were executed in 8 months and 10 sessions. Berzonsky Identity Styels Inventory and Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory III were administered before and after intervention to measure identity styles and mental problems. Results: The results suggested that intervention was effective in improving students' commitment, reducing borderline personality disorder, and reducing antisocial personality disorder, but it did not significantly change other disorders. Conclusion: The proposed program can be used in similar conditions to prevent or reduce psychological problems, especially in personality disorders related to identity loss.


The institution of the caliphate and the Ridda There was great consternation in Medina when Muhammad died (13 Rabī' I 11/8 June 632). Nevertheless, the Muslims realized at once that they would have to choose a successor to the dead man. His successor could not be another prophet, since it was known by divine revelation that Muhammad was the Seal of the Prophets, but it was urgently necessary to choose a new head of the community. So, while the relatives, including his cousin and son-in-law 'Alī, kept vigil by the body and made preparations for the burial—curiously enough, in the room where it lay—a numerous group of Companions gathered in a roofed enclosure, the saqīfa of the Banū Sā'ida, to decide what should be done. The discussion was animated, and at times even violent, for the old antagonism between Medinese Helpers ( Ansār ) and Meccan Emigrants ( Muhājirūn ) flared up afresh, and the idea had been mooted that there should be one Medinese and one Meccan head, with consequences that would have spelt disaster for Islam. During a momentary pause, however, 'Umar paid homage to Abū Bakr, Muhammad's intimate friend and collaborator, by grasping his hand as was the custom when a pact was concluded, and his example was followed by others. Abū Bakr thus became the successor ( khalīfa ) of the Messenger of God and in this way the caliphate was founded, an institution which had no equivalent—and was destined never to have any—outside the Muslim world.


The Chinese version of the Dyadic Adjustment Scale (C-DAS) was administered to 91 maritally adjusted and 81 maritally maladjusted adults, along with other instruments assessing marital satisfaction (the Chinese Kansas Marital Satisfaction Scale) and marital expectations (the Chinese Marital Comparison Level Index)


Your task force's mission is to attack along Axis Mustang to seize OBJ Patton and destroy elements of the 152nd MRR in order to gain depth for the defense and prevent the enemy from attacking into 2nd BCT's northern flank. Your company team attacks with steady momentum and sets its support-by-fire positions. You observe the enemy in his BPs that your S2 had accurately templated, and order your Bradleys to target their TOWs on the enemy T-80s at a range of 2.5 km. They engage, and impact with a cloud of fire and smoke, but to your amazement, they have no effect. The enemy BMP-3s and T-80s immediately engage your positions with their laserguided AT-10 and AT-11 missiles. Your Bradleys and a few tanks are hit and your team is being attritted at an alarming rate. How is this possible? Why were the TOWs ineffective?


The paper brings to focus mis-presentation of civil society groups' struggles for multi-party democracy in Africa as the only entry point into understanding the struggles for democracy by the African peoples. Popular uprising against dictators, ethnic militia violence, popular rejections of election results are forms of popular struggles for genuine democracy that are yet to be given sufficient attention in our discourses of popular struggles for democracy in Africa. This error seems to be a product of post-Cold War neo-liberal discourse of democracy, which tends to 'emasculate democracy of its social and historical dimensions; and presents it as an ultimate nirvana'. The paper deconstructs this trend and follows up with an explanation of how such trend created crises of transitions; and how the African states have attempted at coping with these crises. The central argument in the paper is that although democratic transitions in most post-independence Africa remains endangered; there is nothing that makes democracy un-African or makes Africans ungovernable. The major set-back for democracy in the continent is its failure to evolve from the grains of its best-fit values but the imported 'best-practice' principles of the grand theories.


1. A synergistic herbicidal / fungicidal mixture comprising a herbicidally effective amount of (a) a herbicide based on pyridinecarboxylic acid of the formula (I) and are acceptable from the standpoint of economy agricultural salts, esters and amides of carboxylic acids, and (b) a fungicide selected from the group consisting of azoxystrobin fungicide based, carbendazim, chlorothalonil, cyproconazole, cyprodinil, epoxiconazole, flutriafol, kresoxim-methyl, mancozeb, metconazole, metrafenone, prochloraz, propiconazole, prokvinazida, prothioconazole, piraklo trobina, quinoxyfen, spiroxamine, tebuconazole, trifloxystrobin and picolinamide by the formula (II) 2. Synergistic herbicidal / fungicidal mixture comprising a herbicidally effective amount of (a) a herbicide based on pyridinecarboxylic acid of the formula (I) and acceptable from the point of view of agriculture salt farms, esters and amides of carboxylic acids, and (b) a fungicide selected from the group consisting on the basis of the fungicide azoxystrobin, carbendazim, chlorothalonil, cyproconazole, cyprodinil, epoxiconazole, fenpropidin, flutriafol, iprodione, kresoxim-methyl, mancozeb, metconazole, metrafenone, picoxystrobin, prochloraz, propiconazole a, prokvinazida, prothioconazole, pyraclostrobin, quinoxyfen, spiroxamine, tebuconazole, tetraconazole, thiophanate-methyl, and trifloxystrobin picolinamide by the formula (II) 3. Synergistic mixture according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising a herbicidal antidot.4. Synergistic mixture according to claim 3, wherein the herbicide antidote is klokvintoset-meksil.5. Synergistic mixture according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the weight ratio of the herbicidal component based pi


This article introduces the machinery factory overall design basic concepts,purpose,plant design work instructions and the content of the overall explanation file.Presented as a direct-ion on the main work and concern for a chief person in charge of project design to work suc-cessfully.


Guava is fifth largest fruit commodity of the world, which is grown throughout the tropical area of India but the excellent quality of guava is produced in Allahabad region of UP (India). In guava three flush occurred in tropical region among this mirgh bahar is showed excellence quality of fruit which is harvested in December to January. There is very short storage life of guava that only for a week which causes hurdle for long distance transportation by considering this aspect it is very importance to enhance the shelf life of guava. Research is planted for enhance of storage life of guava through per-cooling (pre-cooling for 10°C for 8 hours and without pre-cooling), packaging (LDP pouch of 200 and 400 gauge of 1.2% vent and without vent) and storage (10°C, 12°C and 15°C in cold store) and resulted that its help to improve the shelf life up to 26 day's and the chemical parameter (Reducing sugar, Total sugar, TSS, Acidity, Ascorbic Acid and Firmness) and physical parameter (Physiological loss in weight and days to taken for ripening) study shows that pre-cooling at 10°C for 8 hours, packed in 200 gauge polyethylene without vent and stored at 10°C was found to best during storage.


Abstract : This study was a preliminary analysis to determine the effect upon stability and control of the XV-4B VTOL aircraft, due to a variation of aerodynamic derivatives. Some information is presented on a hybrid computer system which was used. A pitching moment analysis was made with an elevator step input. A lateral-directional analysis was made with a rudder and aileron impulse. Variations were made for four different flight conditions. The aircraft was trimmed at each flight condition and a nominal run was recorded. Then each derivative was varied, one at a time, and the results recorded. (Author)


s: With the relevant theories of developing economics and regional economics, through collecting data and investigating typical areas, the author demonstrates the strategic significance of speeding up agricultural economic development for optimum distribution of resources in rural areas, improving the urbanization level, narrowing the gap between town and country, and implementing the strategy of the sustainable development. The paper analyzes the main elements which restrict the development of agricultural economy: the vicious circle of economic development as a result of low income, the constraint chain of multiple dual structure, the government′s act which lays stress on industry at the expense of agriculture. It also puts forward the countermeasures such as the centralization of capital with personal capital as its principal part, the sound circle of the economic development in a spiral way.


The syntheses of 2,5-anhydro-1,6-di-C-amino-1,6-dideoxy-3,4-di-O-methyl-D-mannitol 11 and its N,N′-dimethyl analogue 15 are described, as are couplings to bis-tartaro-18-crown-6 1 to give a macrobicyclic cryptand 16, and macrocycles 17 and 18 bearing four lateral groups, which are potential precursors of a cylindrical stacked macrocyclic system such as 6.


Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 46(7) Should I read that? Do I need to? And more importantly, do I want to? Readers of this month's Journal have abundant opportunity to pose these very questions. Let us start with a matter firmly tied to clinical practice: do antidepressants help where persons with a dementia also have depression? Macfarlane et al. (2012) dissect the influential study in the UK by Banerjee et al. (2011) which compared sertraline, mirtazapine and placebo, finding no significant difference. Despite its several flaws, some might conclude that antidepressants are of little use in this group. But it is not so simple: these patients often do get better, but psychosocial treatment needs to be part of the package. Draper (2012) and Snowdon (2012) both endorse the latter unequivocally. Yet there is another factor behind it all, as Alexopoulos et al. (1988) sagaciously pointed out: depressive symptoms in the dementias tend to be transient. Half a century ago, Martin Roth (1955) wrote that in patients with depression in dementia, 'The mood change is shortlived and shallow . . . Depressive ideas are fragmentary and transient and the whole picture usually has a characteristic lability'. So need we be surprised at Banerjee et al.'s findings? Kumarasinghe et al. (2012) give an overview of where microarray gene expression research in schizophrenia currently stands. Here, readers could profitably try to identify the strategies investigators use and the impediments encountered. So far, let us say there is promising progress on what will be a long journey. In a radically different contribution from South Korea, Ahn et al. (2012) tell us of its high rate for parricide, this in a culture where filial respect is paramount – to the extent that traditionally children should live in a mud hut near their parents' tomb for at least 3 years after their death (Ahn et al., 2012). Most cases of parricide were by men with schizophrenia killing their mother, with whom they lived, an extreme manifestation of expressed emotion. Gonda et al. (2012) set themselves two fundamental questions about rehabilitation in severe mental illness. Hopefully, such work may yet lead to identifying what the active elements are in programs that demonstrably bring benefit. A further contribution on psychiatric treatment finds that people with anxiety disorders can get a little better with self-administered computerised psychotherapy on the internet, plus a few brief phone calls from a non-clinical assistant (Bell et al., 2012). Because such on-line treatment is here to stay, it is all the more important to identify what we do not know about it. Lampe's list is right on target here (Lampe, 2012), including the role of therapist contact. Whether or not there are future advances in such psychological treatment, we can be sure the e-technology it uses will leap ahead, conceivably bringing an interactive psychotherapist in hologram form to one's own living room, at any time one elects, conferring an even greater reduction of symptoms. Carl Rogers' contribution may still carry relevance. Australia and New Zealand are in the forefront of reforming mental health legislation. This issue carries a collaborative paper by a barrister and psychiatrist who spell out for us where the changes are likely to be (Callaghan and Ryan, 2012). The core issue is capacity. Their paper is one to heed closely. If stigma about mental illness is to be reduced, it would be a good idea to know what the general public think it is (Jorm and Reavley, 2012). Writing from Zürich and Denmark Hill, Rüsch et al. (2012) produce data on this, finding that the UK public see two rather separate constructs, embedded in which are the central issues of capacity and volition (Henderson, 2005). This issue offers a rich opportunity for the reader to exercise both faculties.


The problem of the system and structure of law is, in effect, a legal totality put together according to the legal norms in a logic order. The fact that the differentiation of different countries' Civil Codes is actually caused on account of different logic standards adopted by its system designer. Countries of French legal family, for instance, pay more attention to the standard of adjustment object when designing the system and structure of Civil Code including the section of law relating to rights over things, whereas, countries of German legal family have tendencies of legal right formal standard when designing the system and structure of Civil Code including the section of law relating to rights over things. The author of this essay advocates assigning the contents of law relating to rights over things and law of obligation by the standard of adjustment object, putting guarantee systems applied in the field of goods exchange, such as mortgage, pledge, lien, cession guarantee, in the law of obligation for stipulation, instead of following countries of German legal family putting that in the law relating to rights over things for stipulation. As to the internal system and structure of the law relating to rights over things, the author ' essay advocates that, apart from the general rules, it can be divided into four parts i.e. ownership, usufruct, neighboring right, possession and enrollment, to adjust thing-belonging-to relations, thing usufruct relations, real estate neighboring relations, and relations of estate possessor without ownership, enrollment name person of real estate and the owner of things respectively. The author thinks that such system and structure is conducive to define different social and economic life fields adjusted by the different systems of the law relating to rights over things, to make their different aims and functions public, and to realize their own different values.


but have functional implications Life is not just living but living in good Health. The physical and psychological changes makes adolescent girl ABSTRACT Background: Health of adolescent girls is a priority. Any operative surgery affects her physical & psychological health adversely. Aim: The study was done to analyze the operative burden on adolescent girls and identify the health needs of adolescent girls at our institute. Methods: A cross sectional study was done from May 2010 till Aug 2013. All adolescent girls (19 years age and below) operated during this period at department of obstetrics & gynaecology, People's college of medical science & RC, Bhopal were included. Results: The operations were done on 54 adolescent girls during this period which was 1.37% of the total surgeries. Age wise distribution was as 50% were of 19 years age, 37% were 18 years, 7.4% were of 17 years and 5.5% were 16 years and below. 41% of them were admitted with labour complaints, 26% cases as abortions, 13% cases with pain in abdomen. 11% of cases had cyclical pain with primary amenorrhoea 5% were admitted with Primary amenorrhoea, 4% had complaints of perineum pain. Maximum surgeries for obstetrical indications were caesarean sections (41% cases) followed by suction evacuation for abortion(26%). Among gynecological surgeries, maximum were done for imperforate hymen & partial vaginal septum (11% casesexploratory laparotomy for benign ovarian masses (9.25% cases). Diagnostic laparoscopy for primary amenorrhea was done (5.5% cases) and operative laparoscopy (3.7% cases). 1.85% cases each were of pelvic abscess and bartholin cyst where I&D and marsupialization were done respectively. Conclusions: Obstetric operative burden on adolescent girls was very high. 67% of obstetric related surgeries can be prevented by educating and encouraging them to delay the onset of sexual activity and also by providing health related and contraceptive advices in schools and community settings.


Part I of a two-part set of materials on renewable energy and land use regulation, this piece focuses on local climate change action plans (highlighting Denver, Los Angeles, Montgomery County, Cleveland and Santa Fe), discusses lcoal governments and LEED, Energy Star issues including preemption, and the incorporation of green development concepts into local comprehensive land use plans and local zoning and land use regulations.


The evidence is mostly anecdoctal but researchers say an increasing number of Canadians are venturing to other countries for stem cell treatments that are expensive and unproven, probably ineffective and likely risky.

So concerned are they about the rising incidence of stem cell tourism that they


Background/Aims: Evidence-based medicine (EBM) tends to dismiss treatments which lead to non-statistically significant results and labels such treatments as having 'no effect'. If all such treatments really had no effect, there would be as many non-significantly negative results as non-significantly positive results. In practice there is a considerable excess of weakly positive results. This presentation suggests possible ways of using data on the distribution of summary statistical values to improve the EBM paradigm.

Methods: A sample of 100 summary statistical values was chosen randomly from the Cochrane collection for evidence based medicine. Several models were used to analyse the data.

Results: Weakly positive values outnumber weakly negative by about 3:1, suggesting that about two-thirds of weakly positive results are being produced by treatments which have at least a small positive effect rather than deserving the 'no effect' label. More complex models of this data agree with this estimate, albeit with wide confidence intervals.

Conclusion: With further data collection and research, it will become possible to give a probability that a treatment is effective rather than assign dichotomous labels 'effective' and of 'no effect' to treatments. Knowledge about the treatment aside from the statistical result, and knowledge of the cost of making a wrong assessment of treatments can be further incorporated into decision making, so that treatments are based on science and not just the vagaries of statistical assessment.


SUMMARY From October to December 1974 inclusive, 244 goats were shot and examined in the Hunua Ranges near Auckland. They were predominantly white and probably largely derived from improved Swiss breeds. They bred over shortening days with local areas having synchronized breeding. Some females conceived at six months old. Twins comprised 38% of 29 pregnancies with older females responsible for most twins. One set of foetal triplets was found. The intensively hunted population had few old goats and appeared to be replacing numbers rapidly.


The report was undertaken on the comparative study between debit card and credit card with the objective of to identify which is been used more by the people in their day to day usage
The report was undertaken to make a comparison of debit card and credit card because as the Ancient India is turning towards Digital India and also now people are preferring to pay via debit or credit cards
1. Brief introduction about topic and reason for selection of topic :
I have selected my topic as Comparative study between debit card and credit card they are commonly also known as payment cards or plastic money as it enables an individual to carry plastic money with him/her self and can make payment at a single

2. Objective of the study :
The primary objective is to know the comparison between debit and credit card users in Greater Noida and it also indicates that is what people prefer the most to pay debit card or credit card & why they prefer such.

3. Research methodology :
The method used in this project is NON – PROBABLISTIC CONVENIENCY SAMPLING technique.

4. Data analysis and presentation :
The data collected from the respondents are been analyzed with keeping view point of comparison between debit card and credit card.
Thus from this project it could be concluded that people use more of debit cards rather then credit cards but as the environment is changing the buying and spending habit of consumers is also changing and we can say that in near future people will use more of credit cards and will buy the products of credit basis.


Trust is one of the most important factors when it comes to deciding whether the information displayed in a visualization is going to be acquired as knowledge and used by the users. There are many factors in a visualization that can affect perceived trust, such as design factors, the display of uncertainties, or even individual characteristics such as personality. However, nowadays most visualizations are still designed using a one-size-fits-all approach. Our work proposes a study to evaluate whether the neuroticism trait has an effect on data trust perception in the context of information visualization of time-oriented data. In particular, we want to evaluate whether time granularity has an impact on perceived trust. This work acknowledges that granularity may be a relevant feature in the design of time-based visualizations, since people trust more in a line chart with a larger number of data points and interact more with a line chart that they trust less. Contrarily, we did not find any relation between neuroticism and perceived trust. However a deeper analysis concerning the facets of neuroticism and other traits from the Five Factor Model (FFM) suggests that personality characteristics might influence perceived trust and user interaction with a visualization.


In order to further optimize resource structure, reduce the energy gap, alleviate environmental pollution and promote the sustainable development of the whole social energy system, the scientific evaluation and decision-making mechanism of photovoltaic power generation projects need to be established, and the comprehensive evaluation system of photovoltaic power station power generation performance need to be improved. This paper focuses on the comprehensive evaluation system and evaluation method of photovoltaic power generation units. Based on the basic principle of multi-objective, multi-criteria, multi-factors and multi-level decision-making, a comprehensive evaluation system suitable for photovoltaic power generation units is proposed, which considers the advantages and disadvantages of objective weight method and subjective weight method. The minimum deviation combined weighting method is used to calculate the combined weight, and then the comprehensive performance evaluation model of photovoltaic power generation unit is established. The comprehensive evaluation results of the new photovoltaic medium voltage power generation unit and the conventional photovoltaic power generation unit are compared and analyzed, so as to prove the superiority of the design index of the former.


From the Authors:

We thank Drs. Joppa, Pobeha, and Tkacova for their interest in our article (1). The patients who are described in the letter of Joppa and colleagues are different in many ways from the cases of abnormal FEV1 that our group has studied in the Fire Department of New York cohort (1). The 71 Fire Department of New York cases were never smokers with median body mass index of 30 and FEV1 of 73% predicted at subspecialty pulmonary evaluation. They had normal FEV1 prior to World Trade Center exposure. We provided evidence that dyslipidemia, with high-density lipoprotein less than 40 mg/dl and triglycerides greater than 150 mg/dl, increased the odds of progressing to abnormal FEV1 within 6.5 years of an irritant exposure (1, 2).

The work of Joppa and colleagues describes a cohort of 29 heavy smokers with mean 35.5 ± 25.7 pack-years of cigarette consumption and advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with FEV1 52.9 ± 24.5%. The body mass index of the cohort was 25.4 ± 5.5, so few of the patients were obese (3). Joppa and coworkers state that baseline triglyceride and total cholesterol levels were inversely related to the decline in FEV1 with a similar proportion of the cohort with dyslipidemia as in our cohort (1).

In advanced obstructive lung disease, malnutrition and associated weight loss is a poor prognostic indicator (4–7). The "obesity paradox" mentioned by Joppa and colleagues is likely related to the differences in the study populations. Our report was intended to provide insight on how the obesity epidemic in developed nations may contribute to development of lung disease in patients with normal lung function. It is not surprising that biomarkers of a high-calorie Western diet identify a subgroup with better outcome in advanced smoking-related obstructive lung disease. The report of Joppa and colleagues is likely to reflect the interaction of nutrition with lung function in these "obesity paradox" patients.

There is still much work that needs to be done to clarify a relationship between metabolic syndrome and lung function loss. However, we stand by the conclusion of our paper that there is a correlation between biomarkers of metabolic syndrome and eventual decline in FEV1 in the never-smoking World Trade Center–exposed firefighter cohort. A better understanding of the impact of dyslipidemia on lung function at different stages of disease needs further investigation.


The paper at first analyzes the present situation of trade friction existing between China and the developing countries.Next it shows in detail the present situation of the four developing countries that has the fierce trade friction with China as well as China itself,further analyses the influence born by friction from China and the developing countries,and finally the strategic thoughts have been given on the causes of trade friction,present problems and the relevant countermeasures.


This paper does not propose a solution, not even a new possible attack, to the P versus NP problem. We are asking the simpler question: How "complex" is the P versus NP problem? Using the inductive complexity measure—a measure based on computations run by inductive register machines of various orders—developed in [2], we determine an upper bound on the inductive complexity of second order of the P versus NP problem. From this point of view, the P versus NP problem is significantly more complex than the Riemann hypothesis. To date, the P versus NP problem and the Goostein theorem (which is unprovable in Peano Arithmetic) are the most complex mathematical statements (theorems, conjectures and problems) studied in this framework [9, 5, 6, 2, 20].