Abstract : A programming system is a computer system which supports a community of programmers who can make use of one another's work. A module is a (possibly complex) construction usually comprising both programs and data which will provide some service. A programming system is said to be modular if modules can be constructed within the system from existing modules using only knowledge about the behaviour of those existing modules. In such a system: mechanisms must exist which permit any module to be used by any other (the system must be flexible); modules must be responsible for supplying all the modules they need in order to realize their behaviours (modules must be self-sufficient); modules must not conflict with one another when used together (sets of modules must be compatible); and module behaviour must be independent of the identity of the modules which invoke the modules (modules must be non-discriminatory). The Binding Model is an abstract machine designed as an 'ideal' kernel for modular programming systems.


But 80% of all claims filed with the commission were those of individuals and families forcibly removed from urban areas. The commission settled 70% of these claims through financial compensation. Its job was to ensure that these financial awards contributed to the larger social goal of reconciliation. Had these awards had a long-term economic impact, they would have addressed the ingredient woefully missing in the reconciliation process – economic empowerment.


ABSTRACT SNiP code is widely used in the so-called Post-Soviet Union or Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) countries for the structural designs of reinforced concrete (RC) structures. The existing shear strength estimation model specified in SNiP code was initially developed about 90 years ago based on a semi-empirical approach, which means its accuracy and safety level significantly depends on the shear test results available at that time. In this study, a rational modification factor is derived to improve the accuracy of the shear design equation in SNiP code using a current up-to-date large shear database, and the key influencing factors of the shear resistance of RC beams, such as the size effect and tensile strength of concrete, were addressed. To verify the accuracy and safety level of the proposed models, detailed verifications are introduced with comparisons to the six different shear design models used in the international building codes, in which ACI-DAfStb shear database consisting of a total of 784 test results was utilized. According to verification results, the SNiP code model with the new modification factor provided a comparable analytical accuracy and reasonable safety level compared to the current international building code models.


The S-band microwave (MW) phase shifters with different constructions based on BSTO ferroelectric varactors were investigated. Phase shifters were experimentally tested and the results are presented in this report.


This papers singles out a particular group of essay films marked by their uses of video technologies (analogue video, digital video, and internet-based video platforms) to process and retrieve film-based imagery (images made with 8mm, Super-8mm, 16mm) that shapes the landscapes of their filmmakers' memory. Due to its hybrid, in-between configuration of fiction film, documentary, and experimental film, the essay film has gained increasing popularity during the last two decades to filmmakers and artists who aspired to call into questions the boundaries of the multiple dimensions concerned with memory: boundaries between the personal and the public, between retrieval and loss, and between documentation and access. In particular, some filmmakers and artists have taken a materialist approach to the essay film by investigating how the memory trace inscribed in film is transformed and reconfigured as it passes through the filters and textures of post-filmic media. Accordingly, the filmmakers' works are replete with images in which the traces of celluloid dynamically interact with the properties of video, images that result in the complex configuration of the two media as testifying to the construction of their memory and subjectivity as open and dialectical. In this sense, this paper defines this type of essay films "intermedial essay films." Drawing on the films of Chris Marker (Level 5 (1996)), Jean-Luc Godard (Histoire(s) du Cinema (1986-96)), and Harun Farocki (Schnittstelle (Section/Interface) (1996)) as the precursors of intermedial essay films, and taking the films of Hito Steyerl (November (2004) and In Free Fall (2010)) and Lynne Sachs (States of Unbelonging (2005) and The Last Happy Day (2009)) as two case studies, I argue for two ways in which intermedial essay films offer rich interfaces between old media, new media, and memories. First, the films register the intertwined processes of recollection and loss as a constitutive element of the archival memory as their images often add up to the hybrid images marked by the collision and exchange between filmic properties and video-based ones. Second, the juxtaposition between the two media is intended to combine the filmmakers' registration of the shifts in their perspective and subjectivity with their reflection on the changing material-ontological transition of the cinema from celluloid to new media, and thereby to configure the filmmakers' memory as the "memory-in-between."


This article is deduction of the necessary and sufficient condition for geometric synthesis of involute cylindrical gears with asymmetric profile of the teeth by the classic approach. The necessary condition is presented for slack-free engagement of the corresponding involutes along the initial circles and the crossing of the lines of engagement along the inter-center straight line, which is a new interpretation of the Willis's basic law of the flat engagement. Based on the theorem for reversing the direction of movement, two consequences are drawn, allowing generation of asymmetric tooth profile along various poloids and achieving qualitative indicators of engagement, which cannot be achieved with a symmetric profile.


Here is an idea that might help save the world. It is that science, properly understood, provides us with the methodological key to the salvation of humanity. First, we need to acknowledge the actual problematic aims of science, which make problematic assumptions about metaphysics, values and use. Then we need to represent these aims in the form of a hierarchy of aims, which become increasingly unproblematic as one goes up the hierarchy, thus creating a framework of relatively unproblematic aims and methods within which much more problematic aims and methods may be improved as scientific knowledge improves. Then, we need to generalize this hierarchical, aims-and-methods-improving methodology so that it becomes fruitfully applicable to any worthwhile endeavour with problematic aims. Finally, we need to apply this methodology to the immensely problematic task of making progress towards as good a world as feasible.


Coastal fisheries are an important. component of the fisheries sector and rural economy of tropical developing countries in Asia generating food, employment and foreign exchange. In 1994, marine landings of these countries were about 13.3 million t (roughly 16% of world marine landings), most originating from coastal areas. The coastal fishery resources consist dominantly of species with relatively high growth, natural mortality and turnover rates; and exhibit maximum .abundance in shallow depths (less than 50 m). Fishers use a multiplicity of gears, with heavy concentration in nearshore areas where abundance, catch rates and shrimp availability are highest. The management of these coastal fisheries attempts to promote three main objectives: (1) productivity/efficiency, (2) distributional equity and (3) environmental integrity. Efficient institutional/administrative arrangements are sought to attain these objectives and to maintain a balance among them. Coastal fisheries operate in a spectrum ranging from light fishing, essentially single sector (i.e., fisheries) situations to intense fishing and multisector use of the coastal area (and its adjacent terrestrial and marine zones). Issues ilnpacting coastal fisheries multiply through this range, requiring increasingly com" . prehensive and integrated analytic frames and scope of action to sustain fisheries benefits. The key issues impacting coastal fisheries in the region include: (1) overfishing, (2) inappropriate exploitation patterns, (3) post harvest losses, (4) conflicts between large and small-scale fisheries, (5) habitat degradation, (6) inadequacy of management information and research and (7) institutional weaknesses and constraints. Appropriate management strategies and actions on a broad front are necessary, and success is largely premised on institutional capabilities and resources mobilization. Moreover, the ultimate mitigation of these factors rests on effectively addressing poverty and promoting overall economic development.


Learning disorders such as dyslexia currently affect around 2.17 million kids posing a barrier to their ability to achieve academic success and reach their full potential. Individuals with these disabilities are at heightened risk of being held back, dropping out of high school, and facing legal trouble. The current model for dyslexia treatment, Response to Intervention, utilizes behavioral tools to assess the severity of dyslexia and determine the level of remediation, however many children still do not reach their full potential. The missing link is the use of fMRI neurological testing to assess the state of a child's brain development and determine the best programs for each individual. fMRIs allow for the prediction of a child's reading improvements with over a 90% accuracy making them a significantly useful tool for the prescription of dyslexia treatment. Introduction In the United States, learning disabilities hinder the academic and economic potential of millions of children. The CDC reports that 2.17 million kids aged 3-21 are currently diagnosed with a learning disability. These disabilities include dyslexia, dyscalculia, and dysgraphia, with approximately 5-17% of all children being diagnosed with dyslexia. In dyslexia, an individual struggles with phonological awareness, or difficulty processing syllables and rhyming, in turn impacting their ability to read and write. This differs from poor reading in low IQ students in the region-specific atypical development of these brain areas.The proportion of students with dyslexia is especially staggering when we consider the future trajectories of these children. 18.5% of students with learning disabilities dropout of school compared to the counterparts of whom only 6.1% dropout. Furthermore, 55% of students with learning disabilities are involved with the justice system implicating the effects of these disabilities on communities as a whole. Dyslexia complicates an individual's ability to perform academically, hinders their selfconfidence, and poses economic costs to society as a whole. An approach to the treatment of dyslexia that takes into consideration the neurological basis of the disability is needed to bridge the gaps between these children and their peers and allow them to meet their full potential. Background In the current model of treatment, students with dyslexia are identified using only behavioral metrics to evaluate their difficulty reading and writing. They are seen by a school counselor who prescribes academic dyslexia and then ascribes weekly phonological lessons and in-class assistance. Response to Intervention is the commonly used model in which children are grouped into one of three tiers depending on disability severity and are treated as such. The remediation lessons allow students to practice reading comprehension and rhythm tasks with the expectation that these exercises will sharpen their phonological processing skills. However, these tiers are formed solely on behavioral testing, and the treatment plans are applied uniformly across each tier. While this can be effective for some kids, it leaves behind too many others given a third of students with learning disorders repeat a grade. Figure'1.'Response'to'Intervention'in'dyslexia'is'applied'as'a'three'tier'model'with'tier'3'being'the'most'intensive. Dyslexia is a condition affecting the reduced size of the specific brain regions central to phonological processing and therefore is an inherently neurological condition. fMRIs are a neuroimaging tool that provide information about task-related brain activity and are useful in determining the neurological correlates of disabilities. fMRI studies of dyslexia demonstrate that the reading difficulties seen in dyslexia are correlated to a reduced size and activation of the phonological processing centers of the brains, such as the left temporal regions. For example, in a review, researcher Temple discusses evidence of reduced activity of the left tempoparietal region, or the language processing region, during auditory and visual phonological processing tasks. Furthermore, research performed by Temple using fMRI studies demonstrate that behavioral treatment of dyslexia increases activation of the language processing centers reinforcing the relevance of neurological functioning in treating dyslexia. Perhaps, the solution to increasing the efficacy of dyslexia treatment lies in the marrying of behavioral tests and neurological assessments to gain a deeper insight into the unique condition of each child.


The 2500 m~3 BF at Maanshan Iron and Steel Co. Ltd. , has acquired technological progress and good performance since blow-in on April 25 1994. The campaign of BF depends on BF profile design, cooling system, cooling water quality, refractories and brickwork quality, monitoring of lining, quality of burden, BF operation, and maintenance, as well as some problems which must be solved are mentioned.


Nonparametric regression is a better method in solving short-term traffic index forecasting.Aiming at the deficiency of this method,the article proposes an advanced method that based on principal component analysis and slope-based similarity measure.Combined with the construction practice in Xianyue tunnel in Xiamen,this method is proved to have a better forecasting performance.


Sugarcane holds an important place in the Brazilian economy. Grate part of the sugarcane harvested still accomplished largely manually. Sugarcane harvesters available in Brazil use the technology to chop the cane into 200 to 300 mm billets to allow on the go cane transferring to transport, contradicting the traditional method of whole stalk sugarcane harvesting system. In order to make whole stalk mechanical harvesting system possible, one of the barriers to be expired is the mechanical removal of the straw. The design of a mechanism that accomplishes this operation depends directly on the knowledge of the mechanical properties of the sugarcane related to its resistance to compression and the forces necessary to remove the leaves from the stalk. Compression tests were conducted using the universal testing machine. For leaves removal test by friction, a special apparatus was designed to allow the registration of the normal and traction force. The sugarcane stalk can resist up to 4.9 MPa. With a normal pressure of 0.8 MPa, which correspond to a friction force of 315 N, it is possible to remove the leaves, independent of its location in the sugarcane stalk.


Take the teaching evaluation decision support system as the research background, according to the characteristic of the processing of the Petty Officer Academy department's information and data, proposed teaching evaluation decision support system overall construction based on data warehouse and data mining technology for Petty Officer Academy, and introduces the design of data warehouse in details. Validates the system's usability by design. The decision support system offers scientific basis for the Petty Officer Academy's decision to guide the development, makes a important value to the teaching evaluation scientifically.


In order to improve the security of digital image watermarking algorithm,a watermarking algorithm based on chaos-encryption and Singular Value Decomposition(SVD) is proposed.It applies Chebyshev chaos mapping to encrypt the watermarking image,makes the encrypted watermarking image and the host image into several blocks,and does SVD on every block.Hence the watermark is embedded into the host image.Simulation result shows that the algorithm is robust against JPEG compression,noise attack and filter attack,and it can resist crop attack.


Present robot programming languages do not help a great deal in developing a general description of movements. This paper is an attempt to deal with the problem, facing it in general terms and avoiding short cut solutions. The robot we have in mind is a (future) anthropomorphic robot in which "Motory Knowledge" can grow up, communicate and interface with the other two main systems of the robot: Cognitive and Visual. The first part of the paper gives the general framework and argues the need for a formalized linguistic approach; successively, a proper "Motory Language" is presented; finally, we discuss some ideas about the overall organization of the robot's "Motory System".


Brain abscess are rare intracranial suppurations, but the prognosis is relatively severe. The retrospective study of 40 observations of cerebral abscesses collected between 1998 and 2007, shows the following statements: -The meaning age of the patients is 5,6 years (the age brakets are 38 days and 14 years). -there were 21 females (52,5%), and 19 males (47,5%).female to male ratio was 1,1. -The meningitis origin was the most frequent entry porte in 27,5%, then are the otitis 20% and the congenital heart diseases in 12,5%. -The bregman's triad diseases was present in 12 children (30%). -The cerebral computerized tomography with and without injection of contrast's product has been the key examination among all patients, It allowed the positive diagnosis of brain abscess and evaluate their localization , their size and the associated parenchymatous lesions . -The predilection localization was in supratentorial in 37 cases (92,5%). The patogenic agent is noticed in 21,43% of the abscesses (staphylococcus 50%, pneumococcus 16,7%, proteus 16,7% , pseudomonas 16,6%). -27 patients have been operated on and 13 patients benefited from an antibiotherapy alone. - the majority of the patients were traited with aninitial empirical triantibiotherapy containing C3G, Metronidazol and Aminoside, adapted according to the bacteriologicals results. - the evolution was good in 65% of the cases, with 20% of complications, 32,5% of sequelaes and 5% of mortality.


In this paper, under the condition of acceleration continuance, the effect of double support phase in bipedal walking is investigated, and a new design approach for bipedal waking pattern based on the synchronization of the motions in sagittal and lateral planes is developed. The analysis of the motions both in the sagittal and lateral planes reveals that the motions in these two planes are tightly coupled together. The motion parameters such as walking speed, phase motion time, and phase stride can be easily adjusted simply by altering the start and finish points of double support phases in the lateral plane. Consequently, a new bipedal walking pattern for adjusting walking speed by controlling the double support phase is developed.


Mobile Service Markets (MSMs) are continually evolving due to introduction of new technology and greater consumption needs of the consumer. This paper justifies why agent based modeling approach can benefit analysis for competition elements in such a market where Mobile Service Providers (MSPs) frequently revise their plans. Artificial consumer and service provider agents are setup with heterogeneity in their preferences and behaviors. The conceptual model runs several scenarios to test a collection of hypothetical scenarios and produce results that explain emergent market outcome of the competition dynamics. The results depict first mover advantages and the effects of the network-effects within the consumer population. Additionally the findings show how sponsorship in mobile plans can counter lock-ins. Limitations include omission of regulatory issues and usage of real data.


The clonal selection algorithm evolves through selecting best individuals,cloning the selected ones and hypermutation. The general method to find the best individuals is to sort the individuals according to their fitness. However,the GEP codes of those chromosomes with same fitness may be different. If duplicate individuals are allowed to appear in the sorted population,the duplicate superior individuals will be cloned excessively. In this case,the diversity of the population is decreased. If individuals are sorted just according to their fitness,the duplicate ones will be removed. And some best individuals with different codes may be abandoned. In order to maintain the diversity of population and increase the convergence rate,an improved clonal selection algorithm is proposed. Firstly,the individuals are sorted according to their fitness. Then,if there are multiple best individuals with same fitness,their codes are compared. The best individuals with different codes will be selected to clone. The experimental result shows that the proposed method maintains the diversity of population and increases the convergence rate.


Alzheimer disease(AD)is a kind of neurodegenerative disorders,clinical and basic researches of which show that there are vascular-mediated pathological changes in AD patients.AD is not only a neurodegeneration but also a kind of vasculopathy characterized by vascular dysfunction.Vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)not only plays an important role in angiogenesis but also has neuroprotective and neurotrophic effects.The lack of VEGF leads to hypoperfusion and neuron degeneration,which demonstrates its important function in the neuron injury related pathologic process of AD.


Objective To research the relation of lacrimal film changing and ophthalmoxerosis after excimer laser refrangibility keratomeninx. Methods Chose 186 cases(372 eyes) to do PRK and LASIK irregularly, include, PRK 102 cases 204 eyes、LASIK 84 cases 168 eyes, and observe subjective symptom、epithelium defect condition、BUT, and analysis the result in statistics postoperative 7 days、15 days、30 days、60 days. Results There are 188 eyes、24 eyes feel diffdegree ophthalmoxerosis in PRK、LASIK Group, and significant difference of two sets phase ratio(P0.01); Epithelium defect patients in PRK Group are obviously more than in LASIK Group after operation 7 days、15 days、30 days, and significant difference(P0.01); There is significant difference between postoperative、7 days、15 days、30 days and before operation in PRK Group、LASIK Group(P0.01). Conclusion PRK may effect stability of lacrimal film, and there are diffdegree ophthalmoxerosis, gradually remains following cornea cures, ophthalmoxerosis gradually mitigate or deprivation also. Because LASIK remains cornea epithelium integrity, and less effect for lacrimal film stability, and less ophthalmoxerosis. [


According to the research of many stylistic researchers and advertisers, negative sentences are seldom used in advertising English. However, through the analysis of negative data collected, the writers find that if negative sentences are used skillfully and exactly, the advertisement can also make the customers to pay more attention to, inspire their interest of reading and urge them to buy goods or services in the end. Therefore, this article mainly analyses the advantages of different kinds of negative sentences in advertising English and illustrates the reasons why negative sentences are more effective than affirmative sentences in some occasions.


The culture of filial piety and due respect is one of the central content of the Confucianism morality theory,and a part of Chinese good traditions.The folk custom in the Yellow River Delta has the traditional virtue of the culture of filial piety and due respect,which gives birth to a phenomenon that the cooking culture impenetrates the culture of filial piety and due respect all along.In the new history condition,we should dig and remodel the culture of filial piety and due respect of the folk culture again,then to construct the civilization of the socialist new villages.


We probe the ability of various types of post-Newtonian(PN)-accurate circular templates to capture inspiral gravitational-wave (GW) signals from compact binaries having tiny orbital eccentricities. The GW signals are constructed by adapting the phasing formalism, available in T. Damour, A. Gopakumar, and B. R. Iyer, [Phys. Rev. D 70, 064028 (2004)], employing the orbital energy and the time-eccentricity to describe the orbital evolution. Using the fitting factor estimates, relevant for the initial LIGO, we show that circular templates, based on the adiabatic TaylorT1, complete adiabatic TaylorT1 and TaylorT4 approximants are unable to capture our GW signals from compact binaries having tiny residual orbital eccentricities. However, the 2PN-order circular inspiral templates based on the recently introduced TaylorEt approximant are found to be both effectual and faithful in capturing GWs from inspiralling compact binaries having moderate eccentricities and we provide physical explanations for our observations.


In this paper, the compounds identified from the essential oil of the leaf of Piper longum L. are described. The essential oil which was hydrodistilled from the air-dried leaf of P. longum was characterized for the constituents by means of gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry GC-MS). The yield of the colorless essential oil was 0.12% (v/w) calculated on a dry weight basis. The main constituent of the oil was fonenol (40.5%). The chemical compositions of the studied oil sample were considerably different from data observed from other samples around the world.


Aim to present the results of using single-photon emission computed tomography combined with X-ray computed tomography in the process of diagnosing osteodestructive changes in cancer patients with a rare comorbidity fibrous dysplasia. In the consultative and diagnostic department of the Federal State Budgetary Institution National Medical Research Center of Oncology of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Rostov-on-Don, in 2021, 2 patients with fibrous dysplasia of the skull bones and synchronous oncological diseases were examined. The patients underwent a complex of diagnostic tests: spiral X-ray computed tomography of the head, chest, abdominal cavity and small pelvis, bone scintigraphy, single-photon emission computed tomography combined with X-ray computed tomography of the skeleton bones, and puncture biopsy under ultrasound control. The described clinical observations clearly demonstrate examples of a phased diagnostic oncological search in patients without pathognomonic clinical manifestations and with multiple lesions of the skull bones. An increase in diagnostic information content in the differential diagnosis of fibrous dysplasia of the skeleton bones and bone metastases is facilitated by single-photon emission computed tomography combined with X-ray computed tomography. The combination of these two hybrid technologies provides an opportunity to simultaneous determination of the volume and localization of lesions, timely conduction of differential diagnostics and, in turn, maximum optimization of the examination and management of patients in this category.


This work is a project of the international language, created on the basis of scientific reconstruction of Proto-Indo-European late, served as the basis for a significant number of modern languages of the Earth. The entire project consists of a series of lectures, which will be published as they become available. The work is intended for linguists working in the field interlinguistics and Indo-European linguistics, for scientists (archaeologists, historians, culture), interested in the Indo-European problem, as well as for a wide range of readers.


A previously undetected (LX < 1036 erg s−1) source in the strongly star-forming galaxy M83 entered an ultraluminous state between 2009 August and 2010 December. It was first seen with Chandra on 2010 December 23 at LX ≈ 4 × 1039 erg s−1 and has remained ultraluminous through our most recent observations in 2011 December, with typical flux variation of a factor of two. The spectrum is well fitted by a combination of absorbed power-law and disk blackbody models. While the relative contributions of the models vary with time, we have seen no evidence for a canonical state transition. The luminosity and spectral properties are consistent with accretion powered by a black hole with MBH ≈ 40–100 M☉. In 2011 July we found a luminous, blue optical counterpart that had not been seen in deep Hubble Space Telescope observations obtained in 2009 August. These optical observations suggest that the donor star is a low-mass star undergoing Roche lobe overflow, and that the blue optical emission seen during the outburst is coming from an irradiated accretion disk. This source shows that ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) with low-mass companions are an important component of the ULX population in star-forming galaxies and provides further evidence that the blue optical counterparts of some ULXs need not indicate a young, high-mass companion, but rather that they may indicate X-ray reprocessing.


Yoga plays a role in reducing anxiety, depression and increasing serotonin levels in pregnant women. Yoga techniques aim to establish and maintain a healthy balance between all aspects of the body and mind. Prenatal Gentle Yoga is a solution that supports the safe and comfortable process of pregnancy to delivery. This research was conducted at Bara Baraya Health Center, Antang Health Center, Kapasa Health Center, and Mamajang Health Center. The research design used in this study is a Quasi Experiment with the Nonequivalent Control Group Design approach. Sampling using a purposive sample technique. The instrument used was ELISA (Enzyme Linkedlimmuno Sorbent Assay). The sample in this study consisted of 24 respondents, 12 intervention groups and 12 control groups. Criteria in this study; pregnant women 20 years and 35 years, pregnant women in the II-III trimester with a gestational age = 20 to 31 weeks, pregnant women without complications in pregnancy. Based on the statistical test (Mann Whitney test) the levels of serotonin in the intervention group increased (p=0.033) there was a significant difference, the control group showed no statistical significance (p=0.908). thus Prenatal gentle yoga is effective in increasing levels of the hormone serotonin.


The existing building stock needs energy efficient modernisation in order to contribute to the global climate protection objectives. Timber construction does not offer adequate, value added solutions in order to compete seriously with the market dominating systems for façade modernisation. However it has a strong potential as it supplies a prefabricated, large-format, flexible and renewables based systems for the retrofitting of the building envelope. The European research project TES EnergyFaçade developed of a defined process for modernisation from surveying up to assembly and maintenance. Additionally it examined the functional and technical requirements for the elements and provides a systemisation of the holistic task. In short TES EnergyFaçade provides an innovative and sustainable modernisation method for the timber construction sector.


Correction for 'Chemiresistive sensor for breath frequency and ammonia concentration in exhaled gas over a PVA/PANI/CC composite film' by Sandeep Kumar et al., Sens. Diagn., 2023, 2, 1256–1266, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3SD00067B.


Current bovine embryo culture methods result in accumulation of lipids and reactive oxygen species, possibly due to sub-optimal metabolic regulation. These effects decrease the cryopreservation survival and implantation potential of in vitro-produced (IVP) embryos. Forskolin has been shown to decrease lipid accumulation, and vitamin K2 (Vit K2) is thought to decrease oxidative stress from in vitro conditions. The aims of this study were (1) to assess lipid content of embryos cultured with or without forskolin and Vit K2 in both continuous and sequential SOF-based medium, and (2) to examine individual and combined effects of forskolin and Vit K2 on mitochondrial polarity. For Experiment 1, a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design was used to compare culture systems (continuous v. 3-step sequential), additives (no additive v. Vit K2 (0.5 mM at Day 3) plus forskolin (10 µM at Day 5), and blastocyst stage [6 (early) v. 7 (late)] on overall lipid content. For Experiment 2, mitochondrial polarity of stage 7 blastocysts was analysed from the following groups: no additive, Vit K2 (0.5 mM at Day 3), forskolin (10 µM at Day 5), and Vit K2 plus forskolin. IVP embryos (n = 199, Experiment 1; n = 45, Experiment 2) were produced by standard procedures and cultured at 38.5°C in 5% O2, 5% CO2, and 90% N2. For Experiment 1, embryos were stained with 1 μg mL–1 Nile Red, and two images per embryo were taken along the equatorial plane at 40× magnification. For Experiment 2, embryos were stained with 300 nM MitoTracker Red CMX-Rosamine, and 10 images per embryo were acquired by confocal microscopy with a 5-μm step size at 40× magnification. For both experiments, fluorescence intensity (FI) of each image was measured by Image PRO software with embryo controlled for and background fluorescence corrected. Data (Table 1) were analysed by ANOVA and means were compared by Tukey's HSD. In Experiment 1, embryos cultured with forskolin and Vit K2 showed decreased lipid content in both the early and late stage (P   0.05). In Experiment 2, forskolin and Vit K2 individually increased mitochondrial polarity (P   0.05). In conclusion, these data suggest that while a combination of forskolin and Vit K2 as media additives reduces lipid accumulation, the interaction between these metabolic regulators may negate their individual effects on mitochondrial polarity. Table 1.Fluorescence intensity of Nile Red and MitoTracker Red dyes between treatment groups


In more than two decades,the agricultural industrialization has been established initially in autonomous prefecture of Western Hunan,however,there exist some problems of low commercialization of agricultural products,backward infrastructure of agricultural information,short product chains,big gap of deep processing,and insignificant income of farmers,etc.The direct reasons caused the problems are that agricultural structure is not optimal and agricultural industrialization is lower.To develop agricultural industrialization,we should break investing and financing restraint,support advantageous industrialized project,improve technological content of agricultural industrialization and system construction of agricultural technique to increase agricultural competitiveness essentially.


In real-time city-traffic monitoring,due to the difficulty in collecting delay time at intersections and the complexity of the computational model of the intersection traffic,it is very difficult to judge the city-traffic accurately.In order to solve the problem,this paper proposed a real-time traffic discrimination method based on simplified network model.In this method,various intersections were Abstracted to a node respectively and the delay time at an intersection was added to the travel time of the road connected to it.Then in real-time traffic monitoring,it calculated the traffic state of ordinary roads,roundabouts and overpasses to achieve real-time monitoring of the traffic.Finally,it gave a simulation experiment of real-time city-traffic monitoring to prove its validity.


Introduction: since the Decree 1072 of 2015, all companies must implement the Management System Health and Safety at Work, January limit date 31/2017 and in case of default administrative tasks and exposed to economic sanctions. Objective: Planning Management System of Health and Safety at Work for a company in Cali locative maintenance, following the parameters of Decree 1072 of 2015, which raised three specific objectives. Methodology: In the first phase, the diagnosis of the current state of the company was conducted, then a plan of collection and recording of information required for planning was implemented; finally, a proposal for how to structure the Management System Health and Safety at Work. Results: absence of a Management System Health and Safety at work. The company had information, but not organized in a way that meets the requirements of the Decree. A fulfillment of 88% of planning Management Health and Safety at Work was achieved. For planning a Management System Health and Safety at work for a small business can have an approximate cost of eight million pesos in indirect costs. Conclusion: For planning Management System Health and Safety at work cause impact on the company, it must be immersed in organizational culture, created under the context of the organization, developed with the participation of workers and led by senior management.


One of the striking revisions Robert Burton made for the sixth edition of The Anatomy of Melancholy, published posthumously in 1651, concerns the word "agony." This word does not occur at all in the introductory section "Democri tus to the Reader" nor in Partition II.1 But in Partition I "agony" occurs thir teen times: eleven of these occurrences were additions made for the 1651 edition, while the two earlier occurrences can be traced back to the first edition (1621) and are present in all subsequent editions. Moreover, the eleven addi tions of "agony" in 1651 all appear in Section III, Members 1 and 2, and six of the eleven are found in passages which had not been otherwise altered since 1621. In all instances Burton uses "agony" in the sense of "anguish of mind," the most common meaning listed in the OED. These eleven instances of "agony" occur in the following places :2


A new method with a random multi-scale mechanical model was proposed in the paper to analyze the macro mechanical properties of concrete materials.The method was described to start with the micro-scale of concrete,and the Monte Carlo method was used to generate the random aggregate model of concrete composed of aggregate particles and the mortar matrices.And then,the finite element grid was meshed based on a characteristic unit dimension,and the mesh grid was projected on the established random aggregate model.The mechanical properties of each element were determined by an equivalence method of composite-materials.The macroscopic stress-strain relationship and the deformation of concrete specimen under uniaxial tension based on the Random multi-scale mechanical model were given through the analysis,and the analysis results showed a good agreement with the experiment results.The method proposed in the paper greatly saves computing resources with high efficiency,compared with a micromechanical model.


The essence of both reading and reading instruction is change. Reading a book changes us forever as we return from the worlds we inhabit during our reading journeys with new insights about our surroundings and ourselves. Teaching a student to read is also a transforming experience. It opens new windows to the world and creates a lifetime of opportunities. Change defines our work as both literacy educators and researchers — by teaching a student to read, we change the world.


Idiolect-private versions of the language in formal writing language are quite different.It is the differences of common language in personal use.The speciality,stabilization and reappearance of idiolect are the bases and foundation of the personal language-using style recognizing.If the materials in recognizing meet the qualifications we need,they will be identified as the idiolect of a certain person.


The Swiss Government is considering new laws that are likely to make it harder for foreigners to travel to clinics, such as Dignitas, to get help to end their life.

Recently the British conductor Edward Downes and his wife, Joan, used the services of Dignitas. Unlike his wife, Sir Edward, 85, did not have a terminal illness.

In June the Swiss justice minister, Eveline Widmer-Schlumpf, announced that two different draft pieces of legislation would be considered in parliament this autumn. "One is a complete ban on assisted suicide, and one is the introduction of stricter, clearer legislation," she said.

Currently it is legal in Switzerland to assist in a suicide unless …


[Context] In requirements engineering research, emphasis is given to sound evaluations of new approaches. While industry surveys or industrial case studies are preferred to evaluate industrial applicability, controlled experiments with student participants are commonly used to determine measurements such as effectiveness and efficiency of a proposed approach. [Objectives] In this paper, we elaborate on the current state of the art of controlled experiments using student participants. As threats regarding the generalizability are quite obvious, we want to determine how widespread controlled experiments with student participants are and in which settings they are used. [Methods] This paper reports on a systematic mapping study using requirements engineering specific conferences and a journal as data sources. We scanned requirements engineering papers published in the years 2010-2015 and investigated all papers reporting student experiments in detail. [Results] From 444 papers under investigation 31 report results from controlled experiments. Regarding threats to validity it can be observed that most papers report on threats to validity and commonly different categories of threats to validity are thoroughly discussed. However, many experiments lack information regarding the students' recruitment and other important factors. [Conclusions] Student participation in requirements engineering experiments can be seen as a common evaluation approach and common threats to validity are appropriately discussed. In contrast, student specific threats to validity in experiments with student participants, such as the recruitment strategy and the bonuses given, are commonly not reported.


Multigene expression assays are prognostic for recurrence in hormone-receptor positive 2 (HER-2) negative breast cancer, and, in some cases, predictive of benefit from chemotherapy or extended endocrine therapy. The results of these assays may be used to guide treatment recommendations for early HER-2 negative breast cancer. We review the results of trials establishing the clinical utility of several commercially available gene expression assays.


Pension funds represent a substantial part of welfare systems, so efficient management is important for beneficiaries. However, performance may be seriously affected by fees. This fact led us to analyze the relation between fees and performance in Spanish equity and bond pension funds with a European investment focus. We apply a model that relates performance and fees, employing several performance measures (the alphas from the Fama and French model, the Carhart model, and two models with bond benchmarks) in order to observe if the relation changes depending on the type of pension fund analyzed. The analysis reveals a significantly negative relation for both types of pension funds, so we observe that worse-performance pension funds charge higher fees and better-performance pension funds charge lower fees. Finally, we confirm that after-fee performance is lower than before-fee performance.


Poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers have attracted attention because of their well-defined molecule structures and chemical versatility, which also complicate the mechanism of interactions between metal ions and PAMAM dendrimers. To further understand the complexation of dendrimers with metal ions, the interactions between Pd2+ ions and G4.5-COOCH3 PAMAM dendrimers were investigated by UV-vis and FTIR spectrophotometric method. The results show that the addition of K2PdCl4 results in covalent attachment of the PdCl alcoholysis product of this complex to tertiary amines within the dendrimers under the appropriate conditions. This process was also supported by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy data of the new complex which indicated a 1 : 3 Pd/Cl ratio. The maximum loading of 80 Pd2+ ions within the G4.5-COOCH3 dendrimers and the best pH value of 8.3 for complexation system are also obtained. Details regarding the Pd species present in solution of different chemical environments are reported. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009


In order to maintain the repeater better currently the repeater has a synthetical controlling system.Nowadays most of the repeater synthetical controlling systems are based on MCU. In order to deal with the problem of processing a great deal of informationwhich is due to the system to a high level. It puts forward technology of repeater synthetical controlling system that is based on DSP. First this thesis analyzes the principle of the repeater synthetical controlling system and then the design of system hardware. Particularly it expounds the communicate interface between the DSP and GSM MODEM and the conversion of A/D and D/A. At last particularly it discusses the system software.


Moreover, I am grateful to Brigitte Rohrbach for her careful editing of the manuscript which helped improve the standard of my English. Finally, a special thank to my wife Franziska for her patience and invaluable support. vii Summary The stability analysis of time-delay systems forms the centre of this work. Three tools are typically used to investigate the stability of such systems: Razumikhin theory, Lyapunov-Krasovskii theory, and (for linear time-delay systems) eigenvalue considerations. However, none of these basic concepts represents applicable stability tests in terms of the system matrices. Therefore , based on the three stability concepts mentioned some suitable algebraic stability tests are developed in this work. The stability tests obtained can be categorized into four groups, depending on how much information concerning the delays is required for these tests: • Delay-independent stability criteria: The length of the delay need not be known for the application of these stability tests. The delays may be state-dependent and/or time variable. The only assumption needed is that the delays are continuous and bounded. • Stability criteria independent of constant delays: In the second group it is assumed that the delays of the system are constant; no further information on the delays is necessary. • Stability criteria independent of a delay constant: This type of stability criteria presumes that the delays are constant and that the ratios of size of the delays are known. • Delay-dependent stability criteria: This group includes exact algebraic stability criteria depending on the delay and on the system constants and stability criteria which yield an upper bound of the admissible delay. The need for delay-independent (and related) stability tests is obvious, since in practice the delays are difficult to estimate, especially those that are time variable and state dependent. While algebraic stability tests independent of delays are suitable to apply, exact algebraic stability conditions depending on the delay and the system constants are known only in some special cases. In this context a method is presented to achieve some extensions. The method permits the investigation of the stability of systems which are general enough to demonstrate the differences among the four types of stability tests. The stability of general, linear time-delay systems, however, can be checked exactly only by eigenvalue considerations. Unfortunately, the computation of viii the eigenvalues is a cumbersome task, since the corresponding transcen-dental characteristic equation contains exponential terms which induce extreme gradients. An improved version …


AST year's double special sections of the Journal on ''Anti-Aging Medicine'' featured several contributions from the distinguished experimentalist Leonard Hayflick. Among these was '''Anti-Aging' is an Oxymoron,''(1) which ends with a question that clearly lays out the importance of the subject of these issues: since there is an ''almost universal belief by geriatricians that the greatest risk factor for all of the leading causes of death is old age[,] why then are we not devoting significant resources to understanding more about the greatest risk factor for every age-associated pathology by attempting to answer this fundamental question: 'Why are old cells more vulnerable to pathology than are young cells?''' However pointed Dr. Hayflick's rhetorical question may be, it can only strike its reader as an Herculean non sequitur as a conclusion to this essay. For the thesis of the remainder of the article is that ''No intervention will slow, stop, or reverse the aging process in humans''—indeed, that the very notion of such intervention violates the laws of both logic and physics. If, as Hayflick contends, understanding why old cells are more vulnerable to pathology than are young cells will not allow us to intervene in the process, then understanding aging is a purely curiosity-driven venture of no practical biomedical value—in which case politicians, the publicly-funded research bureaucracy, and the taxpaying public are right to refuse to invest scarce resources into advancing our knowledge in the field. Fortunately, the arguments supporting the ''Oxymoron'' thesis are fundamentally flawed in their logic—and sometimes in their representations of experimental data as well. That there is likely to be erroneous argumentation somewhere in the article should be clear from the outset to most readers of the Journal, since—in response to Hayflick's challenge that ''When it becomes possible to slow, stop, or reverse the aging process in the simpler molecules that compose inanimate objects, such as machines, then that prospect may become tenable for the complex molecules that compose life forms''—anyone familiar with the biogerontological literature can readily cite examples in which the latter has already been accomplished in model organisms. The most obvious example is calorie restriction (CR), through which researchers have been intervening in the rate of loss of molecular fidelity and of age-associated acceleration of vulnerability to pathology in mammals for seven decades. As Hayflick—and most readers—must be aware, CR has been robustly documented to retard the accumulation of a wide range of the molecular lesions suspected to underlie aging, and to thereby extend youthful physiological function and species' maximum life span to a degree proportional to the duration and severity of the restriction of energy intake (2)—an effect that appears to be inducible to similar results throughout the life span, including very late in middle age (3). A variety of genetic interventions—primarily based on modulation of signaling by the insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 axes—also slow down key aspects of biological aging in laboratory rodents (somewhat less certainly) (4) and lower organisms (5,6). Hayflick's conclusion being untenable, we must look to his arguments to see how they fail to lead to it. The present essay is devoted to this task.


Fano's inequality reveals the relation between the conditional entropy and the probability of error . It has been the key tool in proving the converse of coding theorems in the past sixty years. In this paper, an extended Fano's inequality is proposed, which is tighter and more applicable for codings in the finite blocklength regime. Lower bounds on the mutual information and an upper bound on the codebook size are also given, which are shown to be tighter than the original Fano's inequality. Especially, the extended Fano's inequality is tight for some symmetric channels such as the $q$-ary symmetric channels (QSC).


A dielectric embedded monopole antenna is proposed for super wideband(SWB)applications. The antenna is designed become inverted cone in order to expand the bandwidth, and the SWB antenna possesses a method to minimize the size of antenna by dielectric embedded to lower the height. The antenna is simulated and measured after practically fabricated. Measured results show a good agreement with simulated results that a -10dB bandwidth of 43.5GHz (4.5-48GHz) is achieved with ratio bandwidth 10.7:1.The antenna prototype shows good impedance matching, stable far-field radiation patterns, and constant group delay over the super wideband.


ABSTRACT The increased availability of video cameras, digital cameras, and imaging software has expanded the use of this equipment during oil spills and can improve the ability of observers to rela...


AbstractWe present 2 cases of Clostridium difficile-associated proctitis involving the rectal stump. Both patients had undergone total abdominal colectomy, with Hartmann pouch construction and ileostomy as consequences of severe C. difficile colitis. After surgery, they were treated with broad-spect


This paper presents a new high-frequency coupled inductor topology in conjunction with a dielectric isolation device which provides improved efficiency and reduced input currents over conventional magnetic transformers. The main focus of the paper will be the design and operation of this new passive hybrid system, along with a comparison with a regular magnetic high frequency transformer based on simulations and experimental results.


This article uses transaction cost theory,principal-agent and supply chain management theory,to analyze the risk of logistics outsourcing.At the same time the article put forward to four stage model about the risk of logistics outsourcing and avoidance measures about the risk of logistics outsourcing.


In this paper the compositional (mineralogy and geochemistry) and textural variability of the main bentonite bed (saponite) from Yuncos deposit, southwestern Madrid Basin, have been studied. Two stages from a mineralogical point of view have been differenciated: Lower stage (1), characterized by massive bentonites which laterally show microfacies from brecciated- bioturbated (section A) to intraclastic with glebules and organic matter (sections B and C), and the upper stage (11) constituted by fissile-Iaminated bentonite bearing calcite ooids, it shows a poor development in the sections studied. The interpretation is of palustrine stagnant water deposits on lacustrine mud-flat facies for the lower stage and as small ponds deposits on the lower bentonite -which is partially reworked- for the upper stage. Section A corresponds to the shallower zone whilst section e shows features of a longer stagnation period, section B being transitional between them. In the mineralogy a progressive decrease in inherited minerals content (quartz, feldspar, illite-mica) fram A to e together with a clay fraction increase, has been observed. The clay mineralogy is made up mainly of saponite with illite (higher content in section A) and sepiolite, the latter specially abundant in section B. Geochemically a similar behaviour (positive correlation) for A1 2 O 3 , K 2 O, Fe 2 O 3 , Na 2 O and TiO 2 decreasing from A to e has been observed. MgO is their antagonist (negative correlation) along the same direction. The trace elements specially Ba, Nb, Pb, V and Zn follow also, as major elements, an evolution related with the detrital contento The compositional and textural differences observed in the bentonite are related to: a) Location respecting detrital input. b) Degree of vertic paleoedaphic processes participation during shallowing-exposure stages. SEM-EDAX studies evidence textural and compositional differences in saponite. This suggests two genetic smectites, one related to transformation processes (Al/Mg > 0.3) and the other to neoformation (Al/Mg < 0.3).


Recent studies indicate that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are cellular messengers that play a critical role in signal transduction pathways necessary for normal physiological processes. Consistent with this notion, we previously have shown that ROS are necessary for hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP). In addition, we have shown that LTP and hippocampus-dependent memory are impaired in transgenic mice that overexpress extracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD). We are interested in determiningwhich signaling cascades are impacted byROS and how ROS are produced during LTP. We have found that NMDA receptor-dependent activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in hippocampal area CA1 is blocked by both superoxide and hydrogen peroxide scavengers. The NMDA receptor-dependent activation of ERK also was blocked by NADPH oxidase inhibitors, which suggests that the source of ROS production during LTP could be NADPH oxidase. We currently are conducting studies with gp91phox and p47phox knockout mice to determine whether NADPH oxidase is necessary for either LTP and/or hippocampus-dependentmemory. In addition, we are conducting studies with transgenic mice that overexpress MnSOD to determine whether mitochondrial ROS production is necessary for LTP and/or hippocampus-dependent memory. Our preliminary results indicate that contextual fear conditioning is impaired in gp91phox and p47phox knockout mice, but is normal in MnSOD transgenic mice. Taken together, these results suggest that hippocampus-dependent memory is dependent on ROS produced via NADPH oxidase rather than mitochondria, and suggest the possibility that NADPH oxidase is the source of ROS that is required for LTP.


According to legend, the 7 th century abbess and princess Hilda of Whitby had the power to turn snakes into stone. This was said to be supported by the abundant occurrence of 'snakestones', actually ammonites which resemble coiled snakes, in the cliffs below Whitby monastery, where Hilda was abbess. Removing snakes recalls the feat of Saint Patrick, who was said to have expelled the snakes from Ireland. Since in 664 Whitby was the location of a synod that discussed the conflict between Irish and Roman traditions of Christian practice, the fact that this legend is attached in particular to Hilda has probably a political as well as a folk-scientific background. The legend thus appears to have originated by the coincidence of unrelated facts and events rather than by a single cause. This is probably a typical rather than an exceptional case for the evolution of legends, which should raise doubts that in general monocausal accounts can fully explain the origin of narratives.


Failure of wind turbines is a multi-faceted problem and its monetary impact is often unpredicted. In this study, we present a novel application of survival analysis on wind turbine reliability performance that includes accounting of previous failures and history of scheduled maintenance. We investigate the operational, climatic and geographical factors which affect wind turbine failures and model the risk rate of wind turbine failures based on data from 109 turbines in Germany operating during a period of 19 years.  Our analysis showed that adequately scheduled maintenance can increase the survivorship of wind turbine systems and electric subsystems up to 2.8 and 3.8 times, respectively compared to the ones without scheduled maintenance. Geared-drive wind turbines and their electrical systems were observed to have 1.2- and 1.4-times higher survivorship, respectively, compared to direct-drive turbines and their electrical systems. It is also found that survivorship of frequently-failed wind turbine components, such as switches, is worse in geared-drive than in direct-drive wind turbines. We show that survival analysis is a useful tool for guiding the reduction of operating and maintenance costs of wind turbines.


Austen is good at drawing landscapes with her prose and nature writing is always prevailing in her works.The characters' aesthetic response to the nature signifies Austen's opinion toward nature.Austen attempts to seek harmony between nature and human society.In fact,Austen's nature writing pertains to the English romantic tradition.The artistic effect of her works is,to some extent,produced in the process of nature writing.The exploration of Austen's nature writing is,therefore,of great importance in Austen studies.


Tacrolimus derivative having a high level of neurotrophic activity and a low level of immunosuppressive activity. These compounds are neurotrophic agent, particularly useful as a neurotrophic agent for preventing or treating neuronal injury / dysfunction.


Ultrasonic signals can be used to interrogate many forms of two-phase systems, dense slurry-laden and three-phase suspensions. This paper describes using ultrasonic signal reflection at a fluid-sensor interface to characterize fluid and slurry density and viscosity. The sensor consists of a series of transducers mounted on a wedge with the base of the wedge in contact with the liquid. Ultrasonic beams, striking the wedge base at several angles, are reflected at the base-liquid interface to the receive transducers. The amount of reflection at this interface depends upon the density of the liquid, the speed of sound in the liquid, and the wedge parameters. The response of a shear wave transducer, in conjunction with a density measurement, is used to determine the viscosity. The sensor can be mounted in a pipeline configuration or submerged in a tank for process control of food products. Novel features include: the small size of the probe and the sensor robustness. Performance is not affected by fluid flow rate, entrained air, or vibration. Experimental measurements of the density and viscosity for fluids and slurries are presented.Copyright © 2002 by ASME


Based on investigation on the basic coupling relationship between The equation of linearity distributing parameters: structural vibration and acoustic radiation, the radiation sound-pressure modes theory is presented, and the radiation modes parameters are deduced. The relationship between radiation modes parameters and vibration modal parameters is also discussed. Besides, the vibration and acoustic radiation characteristics of the aero-engine blade under simulated real-working condition are identified through the experiment method. The paper put forward the new method to the Active Structural Acoustic Control (ASAC). It can also be applied to obtain the reliable experiment data in lower noise design of the aero-engine components.


The information conveyed by some sentences would be more easily understood by a reader if it were expressed in multiple sentences. We call such sentences content heavy: these are possibly grammatical but difficult to comprehend, cumbersome sentences. In this paper we introduce the task of detecting content-heavy sentences in cross-lingual context. Specifically we develop methods to identify sentences in Chinese for which English speakers would prefer translations consisting of more than one sentence. We base our analysis and definitions on evidence from multiple human translations and reader preferences on flow and understandability. We show that machine translation quality when translating content heavy sentences is markedly worse than overall quality and that this type of sentence are fairly common in Chinese news. We demonstrate that sentence length and punctuation usage in Chinese are not sufficient clues for accurately detecting heavy sentences and present a richer classification model that accurately identifies these sentences.


AbstractOn April 19, 1995, the most devastating act of terrorism ever perpetrated in the United States of America occurred in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. In the immediate aftermath, there was a dearth of mental health professionals experienced in dealing with the sequela of violent, deadly trauma. The extensiveness of the tragedy, which included the destruction of the Federal Building and the death of 169 people and injury to another 500, was unparalleled. Due to considerable clinical experience in dealing with violent trauma, treating posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) patients, organizing critical incident response teams, and availability, the author was asked to spearhead the local Indian Health Science mental health team. This article describes the author's experience in providing clinical services to more than 120 victims and their families in the 6 months following the bombing. The following dimensions are discussed: (1) organization and employment of treatment/intervention teams; (2) unique dimensio...


This thesis explores machine learning techniques for the purpose of determining gastrointestinal tract dysbiosis. Dysbiosis is an unbalance of bacteria flora. Stool sample analysis of relevant bacterias can be used in "diagnosis" of this condition. The problem is how to best classify dysbiosis from a healthy balance of bacteria. Pattern recognition methods could be used to create a diagnostic decision support system. The approach includes comparisons between classifiers with the additional use of feature reduction techniques. Experiments show that the accuracy varies significantly depending of which classifier is used. The best classifier for the data set used here was found to be the C4.5 decision tree. Much of the analyzed data is shown to be noisy, confusing and irrelevant to the classifier. Accuracy can be improved by reducing the amount of bacteria species with more than 90%. In addition, results imply that the different microbial stool analysis panels seriously affect accuracy. Which classifier to use and the highly relevant feature subsets found should be helpful for any future work in the field of gut dysbiosis. And the comparisons could be applicable for classification of similar data sets.


Trimetazidine is a clinically effective cellular anti-ischaemic agent that has no negative inotropic or vasodilator properties. It is conventionally used mainly for patients with coronary or cerebrovascular disease. Recent studies demonstrated that trimetazidine also has an important role in protecting against ischaemiareperfusion injury by inhibiting cardiomyocyte apoptosis in a rabbit model of ischaemia-reperfusion. The possible mechanisms of trimetazidine in inhibiting cardiomyocyte apoptosis might be due to the combined effects of limiting Na


The utility model discloses a key card with payment function, including the metal card in one's hand, the one side of metal card in one's hand is provided with a NFC module, the NFC module of a NFC module for taking the electronic payment function, the one side activity cover that the metal card in one's hand set up a NFC module has a screening glass, the screening glass can cover or show a NFC module. The utility model discloses can directly let a NFC module on the mobile terminal pass key tablet that has NFC collection of money function carry out the advantage of collecting money.


visual impact as well as aural. I do not see why a word ' not needed for information' becomes ' purely emotive ' (p. 115): when, indeed, was that distinction last taken seriously ? In his discussion of' Ambiguities ' (pp. 119 S.) the author is dealing not only with tajnis (paronomasia) but also with tawriya (inter alia: allusion), though he neither uses the term nor refers to the instructive study of Bonebakker (Some early definitions of the tawriya, The Hague, Paris 1966). Moreover, I am not at all certain whether denning paronomasia as a ' linguistic anomaly' is justified for Semitic languages (p. 131), in which it is rather more like a morphological datum (cf. Reckendorf, Vber Paronoinasie, Giessen, 1909, where, to the detriment of its poetic value, its grammatical function is amply demonstrated) and as much of a hindrance as a help to the poet. Incidentally (ibid.), nomen est omen may also be employed antiphrastically, e.g. Abu Basir for the blind man. There are two important arguments in this chapter: (o) that both pun and paronomasia may be used disjunctively as well as conjunctively, i.e. in lines 1-3 and 63-6, respectively, of Abu Tammam's poem. The functional contrast depends, of course, upon semantic rather than acoustic content (pp. 126-34); and (b) that both figures do service in the thematic transposition of imagery, e.g. application of religious imagery to the description of profane love (pp. 119-24; but it might be added that such is the entire figural basis for the tradition of courtly love and its attendant verse, see above), or the use of erotic imagery in the elegy (pp. 134-41 ; cf. Villon and Donne).


Based on two Landsat MSS/TM remote sensing images from 1980 to 2007 and 1∶50 000 topographic map,a quantitative research on land cover spatial-temporal changes pattern of different elevation and slope grades of Yuli County during 1980—2007 was conducted with remote sensing and geographic information system technologies.Results showed that(1) Cropland,wood-grassland,water body,built-up land changed prominently during the past three decades,cropland was mainly converted from wood-grassland,water body was mainly transferred into wood-grassland;(2) Built-up land expanded in high elevation area;cropland and built-up land distributed consistently on each gradient,change direction of both land covers was identical,and expanded into the region of steeper slope;(3) Wood-grassland increased dramatically at locations below 3°,but it showed a decline trend at position above 3°;(4) Water body kept shrink across the whole region.It is feasible to predict the spatial distribution of land cover based on topographic data,remote sensing images and social economic data.


The National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) Environmentally Responsible Aviation (ERA) project is conducting research at an integrated system level on promising concepts and technologies expected to mature in the N+2 time frame. It is essential for ERA to perform a systems level analysis of these concepts and technologies in order to estimate and track performance towards ERA's goal of simultaneously achieving improvement in metrics for fuel burn reduction, noise margin, and LTO NOx emissions reduction. Previous vehicle modeling and technology assessment work conducted for the ERA project illustrated system level comparison of tube and wing versus hybrid wing body airframe configurations, as well as between ultra high bypass ratio direct drive and geared turbofan engines. Guidance drawn from these results has led to an updated list of ERA technologies of interest. Additionally, development of improved modeling capabilities and a better understanding of key technology impacts have been accordingly incorporated into an updated technology assessment. This assessment evaluates changes to the technology portfolio, incorporates updated technology assumptions, augmented vehicle and technology models, and includes for the first time LTO NOx estimates for advanced combustors. These new set of results allow for an understanding of the interdependencies between each of the ERA metrics and provide an update on ERA's capability of achieving its goals.


Traditional machine learning methods for intrusiondetection can only detect known attacks since these methodsclassify data based on what they have learned. New attacks areunknown and are difficult to detect because they have notlearned. In this paper, we present an improved k-meansclustering-based intrusion detection method, which trains onunlabeled data in order to detect new attacks. The result ofexperiments run on the KDD Cup 1999 data set shows theimprovement in detection rate and decrease in false positiverate and the ability to detect unknown intrusions.


The electron spectroscopy research group (ELSP) at the University of Oulu, Finland, focuses its research on the synchrotron radiation excited spectroscopy of atoms, molecules and clusters. The group actively develops experimental and theoretical methods for carrying out studies utilizing synchrotron radiation. The research on the electronic structure and properties of free metal clusters has been recently set to the main focus of the group.


Recent research has shown that British and American respondents are less willing to advocate the use of force against fellow democracies than against non-democracies (TOMZ and WEEKS, 2013). These findings may contribute to understandings of the 'democratic bias'—unwillingness to attack democracies. A critical next step is assessing whether publics beyond the US and the UK have similar attitudes. To address the scope of popular preferences for peace with democracies, we conduct survey experiments using online panels in two emerging powers, [...]


Background. Etoposide may be schedule dependent in small cell lung cancer (SCLC), and some data suggest a benefit for increased dose intensity in this disease. This study attempted to optimize dose intensity using an outpatient program that included prolonged, oral etoposide administration.


The methods of Margules and Normand for investigation of the problem of storage and transformation of energy in the atmosphere are briefly described. Through discussion of an example of Margules it is shown that consideration must be given to the manner in which the kinetic energy, created in the process of energy transformation, is organized. In particular it is shown that dynamic factors severely limit the quantity of thermodynamic energy which can be released in the atmosphere.


Abstract 1562 Poster Board I-585 Purpose SNDX-275 is an oral, class 1 isoform selective HDACi. Phase 1 studies in leukemia demonstrated the agent has a long half-life and that weekly or every other week dosing is sufficient for antitumor activity. Based on recent favorable in vitro and in vivo activity of several HDAC inhibitors in HL, we investigated the in vitro activity of SNDX275 in HL-derived cell lines. Methods For apoptosis and gene expression analysis 05 × 106 cells were incubated with 0.1-2 μM of SNDX-275 for 24-72 hours before they were examined for proliferation and cell death by the MTS assay and the annexin-PI and FACS analysis. For combination studies, cells were incubated with 0.1-2 uM of SNDX-275 and 1-20 nM of either gemcitabine or bortezomib for 48-72 hours. Gene and protein expression were measured by RT-PCR, western blot, and immunohistochemistry. SNDX-275 effects on a panel of 30 cytokines and chemokines was assayed on 05 × 106 cells after incubation of 48 hrs using a multiplex assay. Results SNDX-275 induced cell death in a dose and time dependent manner with an IC50 of 0.4 μM. At the molecular level, SNDX-275 increased H3 acetylation, up-regulated p21 protein expression, and activated the intrinsic apoptosis pathway by down-regulating the anti-apoptotic X-linked inhibitor or apoptosis (XIAP) protein, which was associated with activation of caspase 9 and 3. Combination studies demonstrated that SNDX-275 had synergistic effects when combined with gemcitabine and bortezomib. To further investigate the potential for SNDX-275 activity in HL we measured the effect of SNDX-275 on pathways that may contribute to an anti-tumor immune response. Dysregulated cytokine/chemokine production has been shown to contribute to HL pathology, including immune tolerance of the cancer cells. SNDX-275 increased IL12 p40-70, IP10, and RANTES, and decreased the level of IL13 and IL4, thus favoring Th1-type cytokines/chemokines. In addition, recent data has demonstrated that a variety of epigenetic-modulating drugs may up-regulate the expression of cancer testis tumor associated antigens, leading to a favorable immune response. None of the lines expressed the CTAs without induction. SNDX275 was able to induce CTA expression of SSX2 in L428 but not HDLM2 whereas MAGE-A was induced in both HL cell lines. NY-ESO expression was not induced. Conclusions Our studies demonstrate that SNDS-275 has dual effect on apoptotic and immunomodulatory pathways in HL. Furthermore, this data demonstrates that SNDX-275 may upregulate CTAs suggesting that this treatment may render the tumor more immunogeneic and susceptible to immune mediated killing with tumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes. The selectivity profile of SNDX-275 also suggests that HDAC1 and 2 are the primary targets for HDAC inhibition in these cells. Phase 2 studies with SNDX-275 in HL are ongoing. Disclosures Younes:MethylGene: Honoraria, Research Funding.


Linear, quadratic, and cubic isoparametric hexahedral solid elements have been added to the element library of NASTRAN. These elements are available for static, dynamic, buckling, and heat-transfer analyses. Because the isoparametric element matrices are generated by direct numerical integration over the volume of the element, variations in material properties, temperatures, and stresses within the elements are represented in the computations. In order to compare the accuracy of the new elements, three similar models of a slender cantilever were developed, one for each element. All elements performed well. As expected, however, the linear element model yielded excellent results only when shear behavior predominated. In contrast, the results obtained from the quadratic and cubic element models were excellent in both shear and bending.


The structure, electrostatic properties, and Raman spectra of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and AFB1-Ag complex are studied by density functional theory with B3LYP/6-311G(d,p)/Lanl2dz basis set. The results show that the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and pre-resonance Raman spectra of AFB1-Ag complex strongly depend on the adsorption site and the excitation wavelength of the incident light. The SERS factors are found to enhance 102−103 order compared to normal Raman spectrum of AFB1 molecule due to the larger static polarizabilities of the AFB1-Ag complex, which directly results in the stronger chemical enhancement in SERS spectra. The pre-resonance Raman spectra of AFB1-Ag complex are explored at 266, 482, 785, and 1064 nm incident light wavelength, in which the enhancement factors are about 102−104, mainly caused by the charge-transfer excitation resonance. The vibrational modes are analyzed to explain the relationship between the vibrational direction and the enhanced Raman intensities.


Problems in visual acuity are quite common in different age groups all over world. Early detection of refractive error can save patients from future complications. Patients suffering from problems in visual acuity due to age, environment and inherited diseases need an on-site inspection by a specialist. We have developed a handy online system for the diagnosis and possible spectacle solution based upon a cost effective and efficient technique using font magnifications and minifications. Our system eliminates the need of physical eyesight checkup and can be used very conveniently at home. The beauty of our system is that it does not require any extra hardware or skills. Experiments were conducted using this system on a wide range of patients and we found very promising results.


Protection of natural waters - a public duty principles of energy and materials balance in natural waters estimation of water status and its classification predicting future changes in quality eutrophication - causes and effects clean-up of stationary water bodies economic priority rating of water body restoration future prospects.


The invention provides an organic matrix for culturing tobacco seedlings. The organic matrix mainly aims at solving the technical problems that the environment is damaged, and weeds and insect pests are easily bred and the like due to the use of turf in existing seedling culturing matrix. According to the key points of the technical scheme, the organic matrix is prepared by mixing and stirring the following materials in parts by weight: 60-70 parts of decomposed rice chaff, 1-5 parts of camphor leaves, 1-5 parts of matrine, 10-15 parts of puffing perlite, 10-15 parts of vermiculite and 10-15 parts of sepiolite. According to the organic matrix, all the components are prepared by a certain ratio and reasonably sterilized by steam; the cultured seedings are good in water absorption and permeability and capable of preventing insect pests, and have no weeds. The organic matrix can be wildly used for culturing tobacco seedlings.


This paper compares the enrollment size and structure of research universities in China and America. Research universities should insist on the notion of elite education. This paper also offers suggestions on the strategic selection of enrollment size and structure in research universities in our country.


he compulsory annual appraisal of NHS consultants began on the 1 April 2001 and will be fully T operational by 31 March 2002. The NHS Advance letter AL (MD) WOO1 gave the requirements of the appraisal scheme for consultant staff. A second letter (MD)5/Ol2 has provided further details. The General Medical Council (GMC) Kegistration Committee is currently reviewing a proposed revalidation folder, which has been piloted and which has produced some critical c ~ m m e n t . ~ ' ~ The GhfC's objective is the revalidation of individual doctors on their register, so that the public can have confidence that doctors are competent and have high ethical standards. In 1932 when George Bernard Shaw was asked if Britons had lost their faith he said 'certainly not: but we have transferred it from God to the General Medical Council'.5 Revalidation is a proactive response to public concern that the regulatory bodies are not dealing adequately with problem doctors. It is also part of a wider reform of medical regulations.6 In the NHS the responsibility for developing the systems to achieve these objectives is devolved to trusts. In many trusts and academic departments appraisal processes are already in place but may be sporadic and of uneven quality. Therefore, some agreement about what is best is needed to make the process fair as well as effective. The new NHS appraisal requirements are more extensive than those used before and will provide detailed information about every NHS consultant or honorary NHS consultant contract holder. Initially the process will be time consuming and it is probable that until those involved become familiar with it, it will be incomplete. It is important that what is currently done, permits the process itself to develop and that effort is not wasted in gathering information of doubtful validity. Useful workshops have been arranged by the NHS Executive's Human Resources Directorate to assist NHS Peter JD Milton MA MD FRCOG


Abstract Recent climate change impact studies suggest that current rainfall intensity-frequency-duration (IFD) curves are likely to change as a result of climate change. In this paper, an effort was made to quantify the changing character of storm IFD curves using data of four consecutive 30-year time slices from 1880 to 2010. The Melbourne Regional Office rainfall data were used for the purposes of the study. Annual maximum series and generalised extreme value distribution were employed to derive the IFD curves using the data of different time slices and the whole period. Results of IFD curves produced from data for the whole period and the current IFD procedure in Australia, described in Australian Rainfall and Runoff (ARR), showed that the former had produced higher intensities for all sub-hourly storms of return periods of 10 to 100 years compared to the latter, and vice versa for return periods below 10 years. For all other storm durations (ie. 1–72 hours) and for short return periods (<10 years), the current ARR method had generated more intense storms. The above results demonstrate that there is a need to conduct further analysis to investigate changing character of storm IFD curves using rainfall data at several stations.


Introduction Malaysia has established a vision to become an industrialised nation by the year 2020. One of the challenges stipulated in the vision is to create a just and caring society (Mahathir, 1991). Social scientists have observed that as a country becomes more industrialised, the complexity of people's lives and the physical as well as mental demands exerted on individuals would increase, resulting in the increase of breakdowns of people's ability to cope. The values, ideas and practices of caring need to be promoted through various communication channels to complement efforts to achieve the national aspiration. Rogers and Storey (1982) stated that effective communication strategy is needed to enhance awareness and understanding of social values and ideas.


If one's goal is to account for patterns of variation in the communicative behaviors of family relationships, then we contend that no single theory explains as many aspects of family interaction, or explains them with as much depth, as does Darwin's (1859) theory of natural selection. In this article, we delineate the major precepts of the theory (and of associated theories that have been derived from it) and apply them to a number of relational phenomena in the marital and parent-child subsystems. We then speculate as to why the theory has not been widely used in family communication research, despite the breadth and depth of its explanatory power, and we offer suggestions to scholars wishing to incorporate principles of natural selection and evolutionary psychology into their research on families.


The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between adolescent sensation-seeking and risk behavior. This study was based on Zuckerman`s model which states that the higher the sensation-seeking score, the higher the risk behavior score. The subjects were 460 third year high school adolescents in Seoul. Instruments were the Arnett, Inventory on Sensation-Seeking and questionnaires on risk behavior as well as demographic variables. Statistical procedures were T-test, F-test, correlation, and heirarchical regression analysis. Sex was the only demographic variable related to sensation-seeking scores; there were differences in risk behavior score by father`s education, mother`s education and father`s occupation; adolescent sensation-seeking and demographic variables (father`s education, mother`s education, and father`s occupation) influenced adolescent risk behaviors.


If peace fails due to incomplete information and incentives to misrepresent power or resolve, war is supposed to serve as a learning process and allow parties to reach a mutually preferable bargain. We explore crisis bargaining under a third type of uncertainty: the extent to which one side wishes to conquer the other. With incomplete information and take-it-or-leave-it negotiations, this type of uncertainty is isomorphic to incomplete information about the probability of victory. However, with incomplete information and bargaining while fighting, standard convergence results fail: types fail to separate because there is no differential cost for delay. This leads to wars that last longer and benefit no one. ∗Department of Political Science, University of Rochester, Harkness Hall 330, Rochester, NY 14627 (firstname.lastname@example.com, http://williamspaniel.com). †Department of Political Science, University of Rochester, Harkness Hall 330, Rochester, NY 14627 (email@example.com).


Background Cancer and diabetes mellitus (DM) are prevalent, but there still a lack of convinced evidence clearly explaining the extent of the effect of diabetes in cancer. Data and Methods Clinical data of 2,929 cancer patients were collected. Diabetes were diagnosed according to the Diabetes Diagnosis and Treatment Criteria. BMI was classified by the BMI standards for Chinese adults published by the Working Group on Obesity. All involved patients were classified into the non-DM group and DM group. The Kaplan–Meier curve, log-rank test and Cox regression analyses were used to perform survival analysis. Results Compared with non-DM patients, OS in DM patients was significant shorter in lung cancer (HR = 2.076, P = 0.001 in early stage; HR = 2.118, P < 0.001 in advanced stage), digestive tract cancer (HR = 1.768, P = 0.020 in early stage; HR = 2.454, P = 0.005 in advanced stage), leukemia (HR = 2.636, P < 0.001), breast cancer (HR = 2.495, P = 0.047 in early stage; HR = 2.929, P = 0.019 in advanced stage) and liver cancer (HR = 3.086, P < 0.001 in early stage; HR = 2.219, P = 0.049 in advanced stage). DM negatively influenced OS when the BMI was within the normal range in overall cancer (HR = 2.468, P < 0.001), lung cancer (HR = 2.297, P < 0.001), digestive tract cancer (HR = 2.354, P < 0.001), liver cancer (HR = 2.406, P = 0.001), leukemia (HR = 4.039, P < 0.001) and breast cancer (HR = 4.222, P = 0.008). Among those with BMI ≥ 24 kg/m2, DM played a role only in lung cancer (HR = 1.597, P = 0.037). Conclusions Patients with diabetes tend to combine worse body composition and inflammation status, and that glycemic control can ameliorate the impairment of diabetes to some extent.


Covid-19 has further highlighted the importance of obesity as a health issue for adults and children. Prevalence in both groups has increased since the onset of the pandemic. Obesity is frequently seen as a behaviour change issue with individual responsibility rather than a complex multifactorial disease with a strong genetic component. It is both highly visible and highly stigmatised. Healthcare professionals, including nurses, have important roles in facilitating healthful behaviour change, discussing weight in neutral and respectful ways. This article first outlines the impact of the pandemic on weight and weight-related behaviours, then discusses complexity of obesity and weight stigma. It concludes with application to practice for nurses, discussing their roles and the importance of advocating for action to address the obesogenic environment.


An optical inspection system in accordance with the disclosure can be configured to simultaneously capture illumination reflected in multiple directions from the surface of a substrate, thereby overcoming inaccurate or incomplete characterization of substrate surface aspects as a result of reflected intensity variations that can arise when illumination is captured only from a single direction. Such a system includes a set of illuminators and an image capture device configured to simultaneously capture at least two beams of illumination that are reflected off the surface. The at least two beams of illumination that are simultaneously captured by the image capture device have different angular separations between their reflected paths of travel. The set of illuminators can include a set of thin line illuminators positioned and configured to supply one or more beams of thin line illumination incident to the surface. For instance, two beams of thin line illumination can be directed to the surface at different angles of incidence to a normal axis of the surface.


Model building is a fundamental task in simulation-based optimisation. In this paper, we demonstrate the application of Sim# in combination with HeuristicLab to optimise semi-automated machinery. On top of Sim#, custom simulation extensions have been implemented and are used to create a simulation model of real world machinery. These extensions enable the design of simulation components that can be reused within different simulation models. This allows to easily create multiple model implementations that reflect different designs of a machine by using a combination of already existing and adapted components. The resulting model is used as an evaluation function for single- and multi-objective optimisation using HeuristicLab. Results for different optimisation targets, e.g., job order, and quality criteria such as setup time are compared.


The major composition of otoliths is biomineral aragonite. In the past two or three decades, quite a few achievements have been made in the study of fish otoliths, but no advances in researches on the thermoluminescence characteristics of the fish otoliths have been reported in literature. In this paper, thermoluminescence characteristics of otoliths of the wild carps (cyprinoid) in the Baiyangdian Lake of Hebei Province and the Miyun reservoir of Beijing were studied, and the difference of energy gap (E) between the fish otoliths in the two regions was analyzed. The experimental results indicate that such thermoluminescence curve parameters as Glow Peak (T), Thermoluminescence Intensity (I), Integral (S) and Half Width (W) of the fish otoliths from the Baiyangdian[JP3] Lake are greater than those from the Miyun reservoir, and the stability of thermoluminescence curve parameters and energy gap (E) of the former is weaker than that of the latter. Compared with things of the Miyun reservoir, the electrons and vacancies trapped in otoliths of the Baiyangdian Lake are more likely to escape. According to the investigation, the Baiyangdian Lake has suffered heavier pollution andeutrophication than the Miyun reservoir. Therefore, the thermoluminescence curve characteristics of the fish otoliths are quite sensitive to water quality and water environment, and this can be regarded as an important indicator to the contamination degree of the water.


The education system in the United States is rapidly demanding more integration of technology into classrooms. The transition of instruction to be more inclusive of meaningful technologies in the secondary English classroom is one that has started, but also can be much more effective. In this study, the researcher surveyed area administrators on school-wide usage and did his own analysis of the integration of technologies such as iPads and Chromebooks. These were explored as methods to assist secondary English classrooms in the transition to a technology-based learning experience. This study explains how technology can be integrated as a tool to help educators meet the standards set in front of them more effectively than with traditional instruction. The results of this study show technology is not nearly where it should be in terms of integration into the classroom, and provide applications of how this integration can be improved.


The potential benefits of traceability are well known, as well as the impracticability of maintaining traceability links manually. Recently, Information Retrieval (IR) techniques have been proposed in order to support the software engineer during the traceability link identification process. Clearly, a research method/tool has more change to be transferred to practitioner if its usefulness is investigated through empirical user studies and it can be integrated within a commercial and widely used CASE tool. In this paper we try to achieve this result showing how IBM Requisite Pro can be enriched with IR-based traceability recovery features.


Routing the system may be configured to determine the route based on the availability and reliability of the film in the reference device in order to determine the most reliable route between the source and destination locations. Indicating at least the availability of the location-critical water of the reference device in accordance with a route can be determined that the visibility information. For a plurality of routes each between the source and the destination location, the reliability rating associated with the route can be determined based on the visibility information associated with the route. Reliability rating indicates the ability of the routing system for maintaining continuous connectivity of the location of the reference device in accordance with the reliability and at least the root of the root-critical water. Reliability rating of the plurality of routes are having a highest reliability rating, compared to identify and presenting one of a plurality of routes.


Mesh generation plays an important role in determining the result quality of finite element modeling and structural analysis. Building information modeling provides the geometry and semantic information of a building, which can be utilized to support an efficient mesh generation. In this paper, a method based on BRep entity transformation is proposed to realize the finite element analysis using the geometric model in the IFC standard. The h-p version of the finite element analysis method can effectively deal with the refined expression of the model of bending complex components. By meshing the connection model, it is suggested to adopt the method of scanning to generate hexahedron, which improves the geometric adaptability of the mesh model and the quality and efficiency of mesh generation. Based on the extension and expression of IFC information, the effective finite element structure information is extracted and extended into the IFC standard mode. The information is analyzed, and finally the visualization of finite element analysis in the building model can be realized.


Quantum scattering calculations for all but low-dimensional systems at low energies must rely on approximations. All approximations introduce errors. The impact of these errors is often difficult to assess because they depend on the Hamiltonian parameters and the particular observable under study. Here, we illustrate a general, system and approximation-independent, approach to improve the accuracy of quantum dynamics approximations. The method is based on a Bayesian machine learning (BML) algorithm that is trained by a small number of rigorous results and a large number of approximate calculations, resulting in ML models that accurately capture the dependence of the dynamics results on the quantum dynamics parameters. Most importantly, the present work demonstrates that the BML models can generalize quantum results to different dynamical processes. Thus, a ML model trained by a combination of approximate and rigorous results for a certain inelastic transition can make accurate predictions for different transitions without rigorous calculations. This opens the possibility of improving the accuracy of approximate calculations for quantum transitions that are out of reach of rigorous scattering calculations.