This study used the structural equation modeling (SEM) of SPSS and AMOS to verify the hypotheses on the correlation between various dimensions, which were all supported. The correlations were significantly positive. The results showed that the effect of consumer health concept on algae product knowledge is significantly positive, where path coefficient is 0.9, indicating that consumers with health concept are more willing to accept new algae product knowledge, thereby affecting their purchase intention on algae product.


This paper considers archaeological artefacts collected by the geologist, E.J. Dunn, during the 1870s in the Griquatown area of the present-day Northern Cape Province, South Africa, and housed in the Pitt Rivers Museum, Oxford, since 1936. Analysis of these artefacts is constrained by uncertainty regarding their provenance and association. The focus here is therefore on the biography of a small number of lithic objects within the collection to consider how their uses and meaning have changed as the objects moved from one physical context to another. The recognition that some of Dunn's Griquatown lithics may well belong to the Mossel Bay and/or Fauresmith archaeological industries of South Africa, and are unlikely to have been manufactured by the San as he thought, is one noteworthy outcome of their closer consideration.


The influence of the phase switched surface on the frequency shift pull-off jamming is analyzed. Firstly, the basic principle of the phase switched surface is introduced, and the theoretical feasibility of using the phase switched surface to realize the frequency shift pull-off jamming is also introduced. On this basis, taking a typical pulse Doppler radar as an example, the effect of the phase switched surface on the frequency shift pull-off jamming is simulated and analyzed. The research results show that through the modulation of the phase switched surface, two false target echoes moving at a constant speed can be generated. The false targets are shown to be far away from and close to the radar, which eventually leads to the radar being towed to the front and back of the real target, The radar loses the target, which has a good effect of pull-off and jamming.


Phase and amplitude of the complex wave function are not independent of each other, but coupled, which becomes obvious looking at Madelung's hydrodynamic formulation of quantum mechanics. In the time-independent case, this leads to a kind of conservation law that allows for the reformulation of the linear Schrödinger equation in terms of a nonlinear Ermakov equation which is equivalent to a complex Riccati equation where the quadratic term in this equation explains the origin of the phase-amplitude coupling. A similar conservation law and corresponding nonlinear equations can also be found in the time-dependent case. The gain from the nonlinear formulations emerges when open systems with dissipation and irreversibility are considered. Describing this kind of systems by an effective nonlinear Schrödinger equation leads to a modification of the above-mentioned equations with new qualitative effects like Hopf bifurcations.


The symmetric double acting oscillating synchronous linear motor with longitudinal functional air gaps is very well suited to the system synthesis of the electronically controlled drive for working resonant machines used in industrial vibrational technique. It can be designed for a stroke of up to some centimetres and a working frequency ranging from about 6 to 70 Hz. What is important in practice is the motor operation in electromechanical resonance with a compensated synchronising (AC) motor circuit and a compensated mechanical load. Then, the operational motor characteristics, derived under the assumption of harmonic oscillations, are functions of real variables. An analysis of these characteristics yields the features of a steady-state motor with harmonic oscillations. Attention is paid above all to the motor self regulation and the control of the velocity or path amplitude of its oscillations. The theoretical outcome, applicable also for the case of a not fully harmonic motor power supply from a static convertor, is in good agreement with the experimental results obtained from researching motor prototypes of 1 and 5.7 kW.


Using the IDEA method, we evaluated sustainability of 15 modern rabbit farms in Tizi-Ouzou (Algeria). The score of the agro-ecological scale i s the lowest for the 15 farms. By cons, this score is higher for two farms that have diversified farming practices. The score of the socio-territorial scale is average for the 13 farms because of the better life of its breeders, and the free time that they have. However, this score is low (limiting factor) for tw o farms. This because of the overload encountered a t work, and also the lack of time for holidays and fa mily entertainment. The economic scale score is highest for all farms. This is explained by a very good profitability of these farms. In terms of thre e scales (Agro-ecological, socio-territorial and econ omic) farms do not seem to be sustainable, because of the poor scores of the agro-ecological scale for the 13 farms and socio-territorial for the two far ms. On the other hand, rabbit farms are profitable. Ind eed, the first concern of farmers is to produce quantitatively Keys words: rabbit farms, sustainability, IDEA method, Tizi-O uzou


Working in an ambulatory surgery center can be a good choice for ophthalmologists, particularly cataract surgeons, because they let them use their time efficiently while delivering excellent care without the hassles of working in a larger hospital setting where ophthalmology may not be a priority.


The multi-way valve well selection program was studied in this paper,including large diameter valve,multi-way valve integration scheme,well selection scheme,the sealing performance were studied,which the multi-way valve automatic control technology and skid-mounted unit was discussed,thus a set of perfect CNC multi-way valve well selection technology was formed.This was a core technology of intelligent oil metering station,which played a key role for the intelligent oil metering establishment and promotion of overseas oil fields


The waves in a magnetic null could play important roles during 3D magnetic reconnection. Some preliminary clues in this paper show that the ion Bernstein wave (IBW) may be closely related to transport process in magnetic null region. The magnetic null configuration experiment reported here is set up in a linear helicon plasma device, Peking University plasma test device (PPT). The wave modes with frequencies between the first and third harmonics of local ion cyclotron frequency ( ωci ) are observed in the separatrix of magnetic null, which are identified as the IBW based on the dispersion relation. Further analysis shows that IBW could drive substantial particle flux across the magnetic separatrix. The theoretical radial particle flux driven by IBW and the measured parallel flow in PPT device are almost on the same order, which shows that IBW may play an important role during 3D reconnection process.


On April 29, 1932, a gigantic explosion broke out in Hongkou Park, Shanghai. This case shocked the entire country and the whole world as well. More than seventy years have passed since the case occurred. Different researchers have had different opinions about its concrete organizing course, which is worth noticing and researching. Jin Jiu, leader in charge of South Korean provisional government and the South Korean patriotic organization under his leadership had never referred to the relationship between the case and the Chinese before Japan surrendered, which is completely understandable. After the victory of the Anti -Japanese War, due to various reasons, many things were omitted in Bai Fan Yi Zhi written by Jin Jiu. It is at least incomplete or incomprehensive that we research into the origin and development of the Hongkou Park explosion case merely according to the single historical material provided by Jin Jiu alone.


This research is aimed at studying the implementation of uitvoerbaar bij voorraad
on the settlement of disputes in the Court of Industrial Relations, studying the basic
considerations of the Judge in deciding a lawsuit of uitvoerbaar bij voorraad and
studying the obstacles in the implementation of uitvoerbaar bij voorraad judgment in the
Court of Industrial Relations.
This research belongs to a normative-empirical research employing library research
to collect secondary data and field research to collect primary data. The data collected
from both the library and field research were analyzed descriptive-qualitatively.
Secondary law materials in the form of legal opinion were described and classified in
order to seek differences and similarities from which a conclusion could be drawn. There
research employed sociology of law and political of law.
The first result of the research shows that immediately-enforceable judgment
(uitvoerbaar bij voorraad) in the Court of Industrial Relations has not been implemented
yet. The Panel of Judges has never granted Uitvoerbaar bij voorraad petitioned by the
labor force. It is caused by the difficulties found in performing restoration to
original condition, since there are only two types of cassation law in the Court of
Industrial Relations. The second result shows that the basic consideration of the Panel of
Judges in declining the petitions of immediately-enforceable judgment (uitvoerbaar bij
voorraad) is the fact that what is called uitvoerbaar bij voorraad by the judges is not the
same immediately-enforceable judgment (uitvoerbaar bij voorraad) found in the Civil
Procedural Law, but is the provision of the Interim Meascure. The basic considerations
used by the Judges in declining a demand of uitvoerbaar bij voorraad issued by the
Prosecutor in the Court of Industrial Relations are Article 96 of Act Number 2 of 2004
regarding the Settlement of Industrial Relations Disputes and Article 155 of Act Number
13 of 2003 regarding Employment. The third result shows that there is normative
obstacles, that is on the legal basis utilized by the judges of the Court of Industrial
Relations in objecting the demand of uitvoerbaar bij voorraad, regulations that
specifically regulate are more prioritized than that of generally regulate due to the
implementation of Article 96 of Act Number 2 of 2004 regarding the Settlement of
Indutrial Relations Disputes and Article 155 of Act Number 13 of 2003 regarding the
Employment is imperative. Consequently, it uses temporary disposal.


Subtitle: While the deep-sea ports of Le Havre and Marseilles effectively control box traffic into and out of France, the smaller river ports ensure effective distribution throughout the country.


The article discusses the emergence and development of television Chad French influence on the politics of broadcasting, as well as the problem of television in education.


The standard FDTD method for Maxwell's equations is reformulated on face-centered cubic (FCC) grids as an alternative to the standard Cartesian (Yee) grid. Dispersion and stability for the formulation are also presented, and a comparison is made with the standard FDTD formulation using the metric of equal volume density of gridpoints. Although the new formulation has four times as many lattice points per unit voxel in comparison with the standard formulation, the new formulation shows much better grid isotropy. Furthermore, the new formulation has a stability criterion that is approximately 1.4 times more relaxed than that of the standard formulation.


ticular mode of production seen among Chinese immigrant workshops. In chapters five and six, Ceccagno discusses the key concept in this book – the mobile labour regime. She shows that immigrant workers' immobility (the fact that they have to sleep in the workplace) and inter-firm mobility (they move whenever there is a job) worked hand in hand in making short production cycles possible, and thereby making fast fashion faster. Ceccagno further illustrates that this deeply exploitive mobile regime was made possible by outsourcing child care, which she calls "global restructuring of social reproduction" and ethnicization of the workplace, i.e. hiring only co-ethnics. Chinese immigrants and the natives in Prato have not been getting along. Chapter seven analyses the reason for such animosity. Prato is at a dramatic stage where it is simultaneously seeing the decline of the native middleto high-end textile industry and the rise of immigrant-led fast fashion manufacturing businesses. Because these two industries occupy different market positions, the native industry cannot directly benefit from the immigrant businesses. The natives' grievances have spurred the right wing government to institute policies to criminalize Chinese immigrants' labour practices. I find the arguments in the book thorough and compelling. Ceccagno's analyses are based on her deep and broad knowledge of both the immigrants and the history of Italian industrial districts. She is also informed by theoretical developments in recent mobility and labour studies, which allows her to see the phenomenon of the Chinese immigrant fashion industry in Prato as an emplaced mobility story embedded in complex global and local processes. One aspect of this book that I find a bit unsatisfying – it might be my idiosyncratic preference – is the style. The author prioritizes conceptual arguments over descriptive substance. As a result, the book is repeatedly interjected with other researchers' theoretical statements, either as conceptual tools or as methodological justifications. This book is the outcome of decades of fieldwork. I am sure the author has accumulated a wealth of descriptive data and interesting stories. I wish the book could incorporate more ethnographic details and individual narratives to enliven the discussion. Regardless, this book's value is undebatable. It is an exemplary case study that shows how a localized phenomenon can be used to observe multi-scalar processes and influences taking place beyond the locality. It also provides fresh perspectives on ethnic businesses.


On 1 April 1978, the Israeli peace movement burst into world consciousness when an estimated 25,000 Israelis demonstrated in Tel Aviv to urge the administration of Prime Minister Menachem Begin to continue peace negotiations with Egypt. A grassroots group called Peace Now is credited with organizing and leading that demonstration. Today, the "peace camp" refers to left‐wing political parties and organizations that hold dovish positions on the Arab‐Israeli conflict and the Palestinian issue. While some figures in the Labor Party view themselves as the peace movement's natural leader, political parties further to the left like the Citizens Rights Movement (CRM) and Mapam are more dovish. In the last 10 years, many grassroots peace organizations have, like Peace Now, formed outside the political party system, with the goal of influencing public opinion and eventually having an impact on policy makers. Peace Now is still the largest, most visible and influential of those organizations.


213 Background: The objective of this retrospective study was to assess the impact of malnutrition in patients treated in 2012 at the Integrated Center for Oncology René Gauducheau (Nantes, France) by palliative platinium based chemotherapy and pemetrexed for a lung adenocarcinoma. We studied toxicities of chemotherapy, overall survival of patients, nutritional support and outcome of the patients.

METHODS
We determined for these patients if they were malnourished or well-nourished at diagnosis (as defined by a weight loss > 5% in 1 month or > 10% in 6 months, or a body mass index ≤ 18.5 under 70 years old or < 21 after 70 years old, or hypoalbuminemia < 30 g/L under 70 years old or < 35 g/L after 70 years old).

RESULTS
Among the 48 patients eligible for study, 15 were not included because it was impossible to determine if they were malnourished or not; 14 patients were malnourished at diagnosis and 19 patients were well-nourished. Other than in cases of anorexia, malnourished patients didn't experience more adverse effects of chemotherapy. Treatment response was equal in the two groups. The median overall survival was shorter for malnourished patients than for well-nourished patients (8 vs 23 months, p=0,0089, HR 3,747 ; 95% CI : 1,443 - 9,732). Nutritional support was given most frequently to malnourished patients than to well-nourished patients (64,3% vs 21,1%, p=0,0286) and care consisted of counseling for 7,1% of malnourished patients and 10,5% of well-nourished patients and oral supplements for 50% and 10,5% respectively. Enteral feeding was given to one malnourished patient and another one refused it. None received parenteral nutrition. At relapse, well-nourished patients received more lines of chemotherapy than malnourished patients (p=0,0377).

CONCLUSIONS
Our results suggest that malnourished patients upon diagnosis don't suffer more side effects from chemotherapy than well-nourished patients. Yet they have poorer overall survival and received less other lines of chemotherapy at relapse. Early nutritional care integrated to support care is required for patients with metastatic lung cancer.


According to the design practice of communication and toll systems of Xingtai-Hengshui Expressway,it describes the setting principals and technical points of these systems,which can provide reference to technicians.


We analyze the dynamics of a two-level system subject to driving by large-amplitude external fields, focusing on the resonance properties in the case of driving around the region of avoided level crossing. In particular, we consider three main questions that characterize resonance dynamics: (1) the resonance condition (2) the frequency of the resulting oscillations on resonance, and (3) the width of the resonance. We identify the regions of validity of different approximations. In a large region of the parameter space, we use a geometric picture in order to obtain both a simple understanding of the dynamics and quantitative results. The geometric approach is obtained by dividing the evolution into discrete time steps, with each time step described by either a phase shift on the basis states or a coherent mixing process corresponding to a Landau-Zener crossing. We compare the results of the geometric picture with those of a rotating wave approximation. We also comment briefly on the prospects of employing strong driving as a useful tool to manipulate two-level systems.


Measurements of 60 Hz high voltages with a technique based on electric field modulated laser interference figures (produced by passing laser light through a solid sphere of electrooptic crystal) are discussed. The spherical geometry automatically forms a laser interference figure, and results in less electric field distortion than the geometries of previous electrooptic sensors in a uniform electric field. A proof-of-principle experiment was performed using a LiNbO/sub 3/ spherical electrooptic sensor.<<ETX>>


The growing popularity of mobile devices and Internet of Things (IoT) has inspired the advent of the Cloudlet concept—a "small data center" close to users at the edge. It is believed that the Quality of Experience (QoE) of end users would greatly improve if they can access required resources within a one-hop distance from Cloudlet servers. Over the years, many researchers have proposed using virtual machines (VMs) as such service-provisioning servers. However, seeing the potentiality of containers—a lightweight virtualization tool, this paper adopts LXC containers as Cloudlet platforms. To facilitate container migration between Cloudlets, CRIU (Checkpoint/Restore in Userspace) has been chosen as the migration tool. Since the migration process goes through the Wide Area Network (WAN), which may experience congestion or network failures, this paper adopts the MPTCP (Multipath TCP) protocol to address the challenge. The multiple subflows established within a MPTCP connection can improve the resilience of the migration process and reduce migration time. We have conducted a number of experiments to validate the proposed approach. The experimental results show that LXC containers are suitable candidates for the problem and MPTCP protocol is effective in enhancing the migration process.


Abstract:AbstractNew geological mapping, along with sedimentological and microfaunal analysis, has enabled correlation among three disparate outcrops of early Carboniferous rocks on the north side of Donegal Bay. This area represents the northernmost exposures of the Carboniferous in north-west Ireland and is inferred to have lain close to the Viséan shoreline. A regionally traceable marine flooding event at the base of the Bundoran Shale approximately coincides with the base of the Arundian Stage. Below this, marginal-marine successions can all be assigned to the Lower Viséan based on microfaunas. These successions display a lower, non-marine clastic sequence that passes gradationally upward into a shallow-marine carbonate-dominant sequence. This sequence is succeeded by a regressive event that is regionally correlateable despite lateral variation in facies.


In 2022, we treat 2 children with hydronephrosis and pyonephrosis, 1 with primary ureteropelvic junction obstruction and 1 with recurrent obstruction after laparoscopic pyeloplasty.All children have purulent pyelonephritis and urinary abdomen. After comprehensive anti-infection+abdominal drainage +renal pelvis drainage, the infection was significantly improved, and they were cured and discharged after pyeloplasty under general anesthesia. Conclusion: UPJO complicated with pyonephrosis in children is rare, and the most important treatment principle for hydronephrosis complicated with pyonephrosis is adequate drainage. Comprehensive anti-infection + open drainage infection treatment and control followed by conventional pyeloplasty can cure as soon as possible and return to normal life.It has the advantages of good safety effect and easy promotion.


Inorganic and organic tin based thin films were created by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) on special alumina chips. Influence of dopants and catalysts was studied. Sensitivity of Sn- based layers to hydrogen, methanol, ethanol, n- propanol and n- buthanol based layers to was measured.


Eu 3+ -doped BiVO4 photocatalyst was synthesized by complexing Sol-Gel method using citric acid as chelate, and characterized with X-ray photoelectron spectroscope(XPS), X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscope(SEM), specific surface area (BET) and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscope(DRS). The photocata- lytic activity was evaluated by photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange (MO) solution under visible light. It re- vealed that pure BiVO4 and all the Eu 3+ doped samples were monoclinic phase and no peaks of any other phases or impurities were detected. It was also found that doping Eu 3+ increased the amount of V 4+ and oxygen vacancies. In addition, the light absorption edges of Eu 3+ doped BiVO4 had extended a red shift compared with that of pure BiVO4. However, Eu 3+ doping had little influence on morphology and specific surface area. The appropriate amount of Eu 3+ doping could signifcantly increase the photocatalytic activity and the highest photocatalytic degradation rate was about 95% when the Eu 3+ doping amount was 0.2%, which was more 62% than that of pure BiVO4 under 50


Empirical models have been applied in several works in the literature on hydrological modeling. However, there is still an open question about uncertainties propagation in those models. In this paper, we developed an empirical hydrological model under a Machine Learning approach. Using the Keras interface and TensorFlow library, we trained and tested a Multilayer Perceptron. Our case study was conducted with data from the city of Nova Friburgo, in the mountainous region of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Precipitation and river level data were obtained from 5 hydrological stations (in situ), with a resolution of 15 minutes for 2 years. To quantify the propagation of uncertainties, we applied a stochastic perturbation to the input data, following an a priori defined probability distribution, and compared the statistical moments of this distribution with the statistical moments of the output distribution. Based on the proposed accuracy and precision indices, it is possible to conclude, from our case study, that the accuracy is higher but the precision is lower for uniformly distributed stochastic perturbation when compared to an equivalent triangular distribution case.


An offline programming system is used for generating teaching program and comprises a storage unit, a program generating unit, a path assigning unit, a statistic unit and a robot path generating unit, wherein the robot path generating unit is based on the statistic information of the path assigning unit and the statistic unit to generate a robot path; the program generating unit is based on the robot path generating unit to generate the teaching program for instructing a robot system.


In this research, we studied an ordinary differential equation of degree 4-th depending on functions () 0 1 f and f vector periodic and proven on existness and uniqueness solution within domain. m R


Summary.
 Population estimates are an essential demographic parameter for assessing the threat status of species and the international significance of national populations. Murgui (2011) provides the most up-to-date review of the bird population estimates produced in Spain over past decades and he describes their methodological limitations, particularly those derived from data availability, sampling bias and analytical shortcomings. Two of the main procedures associated with the generation of reliable population estimates, the calculation of densities and their extrapolation over whole-species ranges are discussed here with the aim of contributing to improving comparability between estimates. In this connection, we present some new approaches developed in the Catalan Winter Bird Atlas 2006–2009, such as the stratification of density estimates using habitat suitability indices derived from species distribution modelling, and the consideration of detectability not only for common species but also for scarcer ones. Finally, applications of population estimates are discussed and we call for Europe-wide collaboration to enable between-country comparability of such estimates to be improved.


Methanol extracts of the rhizomes or fruit of Amomum celsum Lamxay & M.F. Newman (Zingiberaceae) yielded 5 compounds one of which, 1,3S,5S-trihydroxy-1-(4-hydroxyphenylethyl)cyclohexane (2), is new and one, 4-hydroxybibenzyl (1), is reported as a natural product for the first time. In addition, 3 known compounds, 5-hydroxy-3,7,3′,4′-tetramethoxyflavone (3), 3,5-diacetoxy-1,7-bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)heptane (4), and 1,4-hydroquinone (5), were also isolated. Their structures were determined by performing extensive analysis of high-resolution electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic data. The absolute configuration of 2 was unambiguously established by X-ray crystallography and Mosher's method. Cytotoxicity of compounds 1 and 2 against MCF-7 and Hep-G2 human cancer cell lines were tested in the sulforhodamine B cytotoxic assay. A plausible biosynthesis of 1 and 2 in A. celsum was proposed.


Bis(anilinium) copper tetrachloride, (C6H5NH3)2CuCl4, is a layered perovskite with ferromagnetic intralayer interactions. At high temperature (T≳200 K), the ESR linewidths ΔH are virtually isotropic and increase linearly with temperature. Extrapolation yields ΔH(ϑ, T = 0) = 3.5(3 cos2 ϑ−1)2. The linewidths are assumed to be given by a contribution ΔHsd(ϑ,∞)2, the spin diffusion enhanced linewidth due to anisotropic exchange only, and ΔH(ϑ,T), the linewidth contribution due to the phonon modulation of the exchange anisotropies. The FMR modes were studied in the ab plane at 4.2 K, as well as the temperature dependence of resonance fields for H‖‖a and H‖‖b. Magnetostatic mode excitations, observed in conjunction with the FMR line were found for temperatures below 11 K.


for the physiological and behavioral responses one has to it. Robinson's favored view is that some "basic emotion systems" are the vehicles for generating the appraisals that generate the various patterns of physiological and behavioral responses. Yet, it is not clear that any explanatory power of the account would be lost if there were only the emotion systems generating patterns of physiological and behavioral responses without positing the existence of a separate stage of the process, that is, the making of a pre-cognitive appraisal. Second, I question how much is genuinely, as in the title, deeper than reason, as far as emotional responses to the arts are concerned. It seems to be only the pre-cognitive appraisals that provide "quick and dirty" responses to a situation; only these are necessarily "partial and partisan" (p. 145). So even if pre-cognitive appraisals "do not discriminate between real and imagined scenarios" (p. 145), the full emotion process, with its continual cognitive monitoring and reassessment, does. Thus, Robinson grants that, "strictly speaking," Colin Radford is right when he claims that readers' emotional responses to fictional characters are irrational precisely because they are fictional (p. 146), which is hardly the conclusion one expects, given the book's title. This brief discussion does not due justice to the richness of Deeper Than Reason, for example, which relates the analysis of emotions to numerous important issues in the philosophy of the arts, including, among others, the creation and interpretation of works of art, the importance of positing fictional narrators in literature, and the potential and limits of formalist theories of art. It is also rich with examples of artworks that reveal Robinson's knowledge and love of the arts, and whose detailed exposition makes the views expressed here especially compelling.


Due to the technologically high difficulty and requirements in demoloshing the previously hydrated concrete at Danjiangkou Dam, the optimum drilling and blasting pragram was selected after four programs being compared. The blasting program was optimized in the implementation and excellent effectiveness was achieved.


Background Incisional hernias (IH) following abdominal surgery are frequent and morbid. Prophylactic mesh placement may significantly reduce IH but is not widely used. This study aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of prophylactic mesh placement in preventing IH development after midline laparotomy. Patients and methods This was a prospective observational study on 83 patients undergoing midline laparotomy admitted to our hospital during the period from August 2017 to January 2020. The patients were randomized into two groups: the suture group (SG), with nonabsorbable running sutures, and the prophylactic mesh group, with fascial closure as in the SG but reinforced with onlay polypropylene mesh. Results There was no significant difference observed in mean age, sex, mean BMI, mean hospital stay, and mean follow-up period between both the groups. A statistically significant reduction in IH incidence was demonstrated in the mesh group, with one (2.56%) case, than in the SG, with 11 (25.0%) cases. Surgical site occurrence had higher incidences in the mesh group (25.64%) than in the SG (6.82%). Conclusion Reinforcement of the midline closure by onlay mesh has been proved to be an effective and safe method for avoidance of IH in high-risk patients in both elective and emergency operations during the follow-up period.


In the title complex, the CuII atom exhibits a square-planar coordination geometry and is located on a crystallographic inversion centre, leading to a trans configuration of the N,S-chelating ligands.


This article advances a theory of educational productivity based on a paradigm of classroom diversification that defines a strategic view of the education production process. The paradigm's underlying premise is that classroom student performance, and the instructional interactions that produce such outcomes, depend on economies derived from the learning relationships that exist across and among students in a classroom and on the technological fit between students' learning needs and a teacher's capacity. In addition to the conceptual classroom diversification framework, measures of classroom student diversity and teacher capacity are presented, followed by a discussion of the implications of the proposed classroom diversification paradigm for educational research, policy, and practice.


A decent wheat harvest requires robust wheat. However, wheat crops are often infected by fungal diseases such as powdery mildew. For several years now, UZH researchers have been investigating a wheat gene that confers resistance to powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici). The gene, called the Pm3 resistance gene, exists in different variations, so called alleles. In previous studies, plant researcher Beat Keller and his team demonstrated that single Pm3 alleles are able to confer resistance against powdery mildew fungi. And yet, a single resistance gene can quickly lose its effectiveness. Thus when it comes to plant breeding, it is important to combine multiple resistance genes. This is exactly what researchers at UZH have now tested in field trials using transgenic wheat lines.


A sequential framework for modeling magnetospheric plasma interactions with a SEEK trained recurrent neural network is proposed. An overview of the state-space modeling framework is provided, along with a review of previous Kalman trained neural models. The proposed algorithm is described and is evaluated against an EKF trained RNN and a gradient based model. The exogenous inputs to the RNNs consist of three parameters, Bz, B^2, and (By)^2, where B, Bz, and By represent the magnitude, the southward and azimuthal components of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) respectively. It was found that the SEEK trained recurrent neural network outperforms other neural time series models trained with the Extended Kalman Filter, and gradient descent learning. The numerical simulations suggest that the SEEK filter provides superior tracking capabilities than the EKF, resulting in accurate forecast of the Dst index.


Through effective planning and practice of the integrated information platform,to explore the depth of the value of integrated information resources of Power Grid Corp.


Chronic hepatitis B affects >300 million people worldwide and is a major cause of liver disease, causing ~800,000 deaths each year [...]


The unwanted soil collected during the harvesting of sugarbeets (soil tare) represents one
of main by-products of the sugar industry in Europe. This solid waste causes problems in terms of
production costs (soil tare could represent 15-20% of the transported product to the processing plant)
and environmental impact (around 2 Mt/y of soil waste must be disposed in landfills by 20 processing
plants in Italy).
In the last few years, various studies have stressed that the factors affecting the soil tare are multiple
and dependant on the nature of the soil, the machines utilised to handle the product and the
meteorological course.
In this study, we utilize different Neural Network predictors to power an online optimization scheme
for the harvesting season. The aim of the research is to better understand the relationship between
the soil tare in the sugarbeet industry and the meteorological course during the harvest and post
harvest period by means of conventional statistical and neural networks analysis.
The research was carried out on the basis of hundreds of data relevant to loads of beets (30 t/each
in average) processed in a sugarbeet industry operating in Italy (Ancona province) during the last few
years. The model obtained could be useful to better program all the harvesting and post harvesting
operations before the industrial processing. Simulated results show significant economical and
ecological advantages.


SNAP-23A is a program to develop an advanced terrestrial radioisotope, thermoelectr ic power system capable of del ivering 25 to 100 W (e) for 10 years. An e lect r ica l ly heated mockup system (EMS) was bui l t and on thermal test when heater input power irregularit ies and a cover gas leak caused shutdown. The Westinghouse Astronuclear Laboratory organized a task force to analyze the cause of fa i lure, effect repairs, rebuild the un i t , and resume thermal testing. This report describes the disassembly, analysis, testing, cause of fa i lure, redesign, rebuilding procedures, and successful retesting. The prime cause of operational d i f f i cu l ty was electr ical shorting of input heater power through carbon-contaminated lava insulators in the heaters. A contributing problem was excessive oxidation of Ag-Cu braze alloys on ceramictomeial insulated electr ical feedthrough seals. The seals were eliminated in the redesign, and the sources of carbon contamination (cleaning solvents and outgassing products) were eliminated by changes in reassembly procedures. The effectiveness of these measures is shown by the fact that the rebui l t EMS has now operated successfully for over 11, 800 hours.


Peace and Conflict Studies presents itself as a solution-oriented field, often calling for a "paradigm shift" and the transformation of current violent systems. Peace Studies literature, however, tends not to outline with the requisite nuance the characteristics of existing structures that require change and how to address change. Shifting a paradigm requires first knowing and clearly conceptualizing the existing paradigm/logic that engenders and maintains injustice. While violence and conflict are highlighted as problems of our current world system, these analyses rarely have at the core an examination of power as productive—producing discursive formations as well as systems of knowledge through different networks and mechanism of power. Rather, analyses of power in Peace Studies continue to use notions of sovereign power, which is exercised by a particular subject(s) or systems, and understood as repressive and monolithic to unpack questions of violence. But power is also productive and race is inscribed by power relations. The following argues that it is important to expose violence and conflict within power structures, whether these are economic, racial, or gendered.


This paper presents the wideband channel characteristics of 28 GHz in urban microcell (UMi) scenario based the measurement in Beijing. Both the omnidirectional-antenna-based measurement and the horn-antenna-based measurement are performed with bandwidth up to 800 MHz. The standard deviation of shadow fading ($\sigma_{SF}$) is studied and is compared with that value in standard protocol. Unlike traditional method, the $\sigma_{SF}$ is calculated with data captured in each single route in this paper. It is found that in a specific environment, the standard model obtained by traditional method overestimate the $\sigma_{SF}$ of this frequency band to a large extent both in line of sight (LOS) environment and non line of sight (NLOS) environment. In addition, the 3-Dimensional angle information is estimated with the space alternating generalized expectation-maximization (SAGE) algorithm. The angle spread of arrival (ASA) and the angle spread of departure (ASD) are investigated and the cluster characteristics at different rotation measurement sites are analysed. It is found that dimension of parameter space that used in clustering algorithm has a great impact on the clustering result of the recognizable multipaths.


Part I - Globalization, Migration and Women's Soccer: state of the art, history and current patterns Chapter 1. Introduction. Globalization, Sports Labor Migration and Women's Mobilities - Agergaard & Tielser Chapter 2. 'Soccer Matters Very Much, Every Day': Player Migration and Motivation in Professional Women's Soccer - Williams Chapter 3. Current fluxes in women's soccer migration. Towards understanding the circularity of athletic mobility and skills-exchange - Agergaard & Tielser Part II - Women's soccer across the globe: case studies of migratory flows and experiences Chapter 4. The Continental Drift to a Zone of Prestige. Women's Soccer Migration to the U.S. NCAA Division One 2000 - 2010 - Booth & Liston Chapter 5. Student Athletic Migration from Trinidad and Tobago: The Case of Women's Soccer - McCree Chapter 6. New Frontiers: The Transnational Circulation of Brazil's Women Soccer Players - Rial Chapter 7. International Migration of Japanese Women in World Soccer - Yoshio Chapter 8. Leaving the Core? The Emigration of Scandinavian Women Soccer Players - Botelho & Skogvang Chapter 9. Momentous spark or enduring enthusiasm? The 2011 FIFA Women's World Cup and its impact on players' mobility and on the popularity of women's soccer in Germany - Pfister, Klein og Tiesler Part III - Developing transnational perspectives on sports migration: A conceptual framework Chapter 10. On Mobility and Visibility in Women's Soccer: theorizing an alternative approach to sport migration - Carter Chapter 11. Bringing Gender into Sports Labor Migration Research: Gendered Geographies of Power in African women's soccer migration - Haugaa Engh Chapter 12. The typology of athletic migrants revisited. Transnational settlers, sojourners and mobiles - Agergaard, Botelho & Tiesler


One of the costs of living in a group is the imposition by certain group members of constraints on the behaviour of others (Mendl and Deag, 1995). This appears to be the case with feeding behaviour where individual pigs show a large number of small meals but group members have fewer larger meals (de Haer and de Vries, 1993). Morgan et al. (1997) found that grouped pigs given straw bedding had more smaller meals than those without, suggesting some alleviation of the group constraint. The aim of this experiment was to investigate if changing straw provision resulted in similar and reversible effects in this behaviour.120 male pigs (40±0.4kg) were used in three blocks each with 4 pens of 10 pigs. In each block of 42d duration one pen had no straw throughout (treatment A); one pen had no straw for 21d (period 1) followed by straw for 21d (period 2)(B); one pen had straw followed by no straw(C) and one pen had straw throughout (D). The pens were situated in a naturally ventilated building with light from 0600 to 2000h.


Semiconductor heterostructures based on AlAs/GaAs and other III-V compounds have been the focus of active research for some time now. Ih the last decade, a new heterostructure material, the strained Si/SiGe system, has emerged. This heterojunction technology can potentially be integrated into the current VLSI environment with large-scale impact in the growing microelectronics market. Si/SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistors with cut-off frequencies exceeding 100 GHz and other electronic and optical devices with superior properties compared to all-Si technology have been demonstrated in laboratories worldwide.


The nonlinear Schrodinger/Gross-Pitaevskii equation wi th a linear periodic potential and a nonlinearity coecient Γ with a discontinuity supports sta tionary localized solitary waves with frequencies inside spectral gaps, so called surface gap solitons (SGSs). We compute families of 1D SGSs using the arclength continuation method for a range of values of the jump in Γ starting from gap solitons (GSs) with a constant Γ. Using asymptotics, we show that when the frequency parameter converges to the bifurcation gap edge, the size of the allowed jump in Γ converges to 0 for SGSs bifurcating from GSs centered at any xc 2 R. Linear stability of SGSs is next determined via the numerical Evans function method, in which the stable and unstable manifolds corresponding to the 0 solution of the linearized spec- tral ODE are evolved up to a common location where the determinant of their bases, i.e., the Evans function, is evaluated. Zeros of the Evans function coincide with eigenvalues of the linearized operator. Far from the SGS location the manifolds are spanned by exponentially de- caying/increasing Bloch functions. As we show, evolution of the manifolds suers from stiness. A numerically stable formulation is possible in the exterior algebra formulation and with the use of Grassmanian preserving ODE integrators. Eigenvalues with anon-negligible' positive real part are then detected via the use of the complex argument principle and a contour parallel to the imaginary axis. Our results show the existence of both unstable and stable SGSs, where stability is obtained even for some SGSs centered in the domain half with the less focusing nonlinearity. Direct simulations of the PDE for selected SGS examples conrm the results of Evans function computations.


SUMMARY

Continuous pressure profiles would seem to include all possible advantages over other methods of urethral assessment. The method applies equally to electro-stimulation testing and to the evaluation of stricture. A wide range of variations and refinements to the method may be suggested, for instance, the profile catheter should preferably be withdrawn at a known steady rate, and this could perhaps be achieved by a mechanical device. It might also be useful if subsequent profiles could be superimposed on the initial trace to allow of a more accurate comparison between sequential examinations.

Perfectly adequate results may however be obtained with the simple apparatus described above.


e15140 Background: The most important clinical point for the colorectal cancer patients after surgery is to find out local recurrence and distant metastasis to liver or lungs in early state. Recently, DWIBS (diffusion weighted whole body imaging with background body signal suppression) scan, one of the diffusion weighted MRI imaging methods, was developed, and it has been become used for diagnosis of lung cancer and bladder cancer instead of PET scan. In this report, we examined whether it was more useful method for the diagnosis of recurrence or distant metastasis of the colorectal cancer after surgery than PET/CT scan or not.

METHODS
All the 12 primary colorectal carcinomas were resected at the surgical division, Kumamoto Central Hospital, Fukuoka Saisekai Ohmuta Hospital and Kurume University Medical Center from 2000 to 2008. (Table 1) After surgery, 14 recurrent regions (seven liver metastasis, two lung metastasis and five local recurrence) were diagnosed by CT and MRI scans. Then all the cases were performed by DWIBS scan. And also the seven out of 12 cases (three liver metastasis, two lung metastasis and four local recurrence) were performed by PET scan. Conditions set before DWIBS scan were six hours of fasting with no restriction on drinking water and normal oral administration of regularly used drugs. No bowel preparation was carried out in any of the patients. Informed consent was obtained from each patient before DWIBS scan.

RESULTS
All the 14 metastatic and recurrent regions (seven liver metastasis, two lung metastasis and five local recurrence ) of 12 recurrent patients were performed by DWIBS, MRI and CT scans. Within the seven out of 12 recurrent patients (three liver metastasis, two lung metastasis and five local recurrence), performed by PET scan, all the liver and lung metastatic regions were detected, on the other hand, three out of four local recurrent regions were diagnosed but the other one was not diagnosed by PET scan.

CONCLUSIONS
DWIBS is not only useful diagnostic method for local recurrence of colorectal cancer after surgery, but also less invasive method than PET scan. No significant financial relationships to disclose.


Oil vanadylporphyrin complexes were obtained by extraction in the presence of N-N-dimethylformamide. In the chromatographic separation of vanadylporphyrin complexes, four main fractions were obtained from the oils of the oil field "North Buzachi" , where all types of known oil porphyrin structures were identified, dominated by deoxophylloerythroethioporphyrin – types with two absorption maxima of 534 Nm and 573 nm. It was found that the total concentration of vanadylporphyrin complexes registered in the absorption zone of 534 nm and 573 nm is 11 times higher than the concentration of nickelporphyrin complexes characteristic of the absorption zone of 550 nm. The ratio of vanadylporphirins of the etio - and deoxo-phylloerythroethioporphyrin (DPEP) type was 0.11. The results of the research allow us to conclude that the oil of the "North Buzachi" oil and gas district is a promising raw material for obtaining vanadylporphyrin complexes.


Abstract : The evaluation of aptitude standards to determine qualification into military specialties must address issues concerning both the minimum qualifying score and the appropriate aptitude distribution above that minimum. This research memorandum is an initial effort that focuses on identifying the minimum qualifying aptitude score for assigning recruits to occupational specialties. Hands-on job performance tests developed for the Marine Corps infantry occupational field provide the context for the analysis. Subsequent research will address the evaluation of the necessary aptitude distributions. Keywords: Aptitude; Aptitude tests; ASVAB(Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery); Infantry; Marine Corps; Marine Corps personnel; Performance(Human); Performance tests; Performance selection; Policies; Qualifications; Recruits; Regression analysis; Standards.


A typical PCM/FM system is designed for a peak to peak carrier deviation of 0.7 times the bit rate of the PCM data. This value of PCM data deviation has been shown to be optimum for both PCM/FM [1] and PCM/FM+FM/FM [2] systems. However, the optimum deviation of the carrier by the FM subcarrier for a PCM/FM+FM/FM system is dependent upon the specific subcarrier type and required subcarrier signal to noise ratio at the receiver output. This paper introduces a simple method to calculate the optimum deviation of the carrier by FM subcarriers for a PCM/FM+FM/FM system. The method developed is used to calculate the optimum value of subcarrier deviation for two sample PCM/FM+FM/FM systems when IRIG constant bandwidth channels are used as FM subcarriers. The calculated optimum values of FM subcarrier deviation of the carrier, subcarrier mod index, are utilized in a companion paper to study the performance of PCM/FM+FM/FM systems [3]. The work presented herein can be extended to calculate the optimum deviation of the carrier by FM subcarriers for any PCM/FM+FM/FM system.


On the basis of computational calculation for the logistic map, we analyse the inverse orbital structure of one-dimensional unimodalmap and prove the different recurrence formulae which show that the total number of inverse orbit N(n) changes with inverting time n at different parameters. By this way, we analytically obtain h(f)=0 within the period-doubling region; h(f) = logamp on m = 3 + 21 period point of U -sequence RLR21, where amp is the largest real root of equation am-2am-2-1 = 0; hj(f) = (1/2)j log2 on the boundary between 2j-1 band and 2j band, from this result we find the scaling exponent of topological entropy near the accumulation point μ∞, t = 0.449806…. By means of above conclusion, we obtain the topological entropy within each "window" in chaotic region and on U-sequence RLaRb period points, we also get the relation of hR*Q(f)=(l/2)hQ(f). Because we carry out our proofs on the basis of M.S.S. rule and "*" composition law, the results in this paper are universal to all the one-dimensional unimodal maps.


Eph receptor tyrosine kinases interact with cell-surface ephrin ligands to direct cell growth, migration and cell positioning. High expression of EphA3 in a number of cancers has been linked to progression through facilitation of invasiveness and metastatic spread. EphA3 protein, which was originally described in leukemia, has also reported to be expressed in sarcomas, lung cancer, melanoma and glioblastoma. Using a Humaneered® derivative of the IIIA4 anti-EphA3 monoclonal antibody, KB004 (KaloBios Pharmaceuticals Inc), a clinical trial has commenced which targets the EphA3 protein in leukemia. The EphA3-specific monoclonal antibody, IIIA4, binds and activates human and mouse EphA3 with similar affinities, binding is followed by internalization of receptor-antibody complexes. We have shown high expression of EphA3 in the LK63 pre-B ALL and no expression of EphA3 in the Reh, a similar pre-B ALL cell line. We have examined the effect of the IIIA4 antibody in LK63 and Reh NOD/SCID xenograft models. In the LK63 xenograft model, administration of the IIIA4 antibody led to inhibition of tumour growth and decrease spread from bone marrow to the spleen and other organs and increased the latency of the disease, however no reduction in engraftment was observed in Reh xenograft model, suggesting that the effect was directed against the leukemic cells rather than the stromal and vascular elements. To further analyse the function of EphA3 expression, LK63 EphA3 knock down and EphA3-transfected Reh cells were tested in the xengraft model. Similar to LK63, antibody-treated Reh EphA3 xenografts showed reduction in the bone marrow engraftment and increased the latency of the disease. In contrast, LK63 EphA3 knock down xenografts showed minimal difference between treated and control group but notably showed a significant reduction in the splenic engraftment compared to the normal LK63 model. These results are consistent with IIIA4-mediated effects on the growth of EphA3-positive leukemic cells in the bone marrow and a secondary effect on the subsequent spread of the leukemic cells to extra-medullary sites and provides evidence that EphA3 is a functional therapeutic target in acute leukemias. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


The ISCHEMIA trial is only the latest and most compelling link in a chain of evidence that suggests that myocardial ischaemia per se is not an appropriate treatment target for patients with stable coronary artery disease. This review is trying to make sense of the momentous and sometimes contradictory recent developments in the space of imaging for myocardial ischaemia.


Objective
To validate the four chronic kidney disease epidemiology collaboration (CKD-EPI) predictive equations based on serum creatinine (SCr) and cystatin C (Cys C) in Chinese CKD patients, and try to develop the GFR predictive equations for Chinese CKD patients.

Methods
254 CKD patients were randomly selected from four Grade ⅢA hospitals in different regions in China from September 2007 to December 2010.Clearance of dual plasma sampling 99mTc-DTPA was used to measure glomerular filtration rate (rGFR) in 254 CKD patients.The serum concentration of Cr and Cys C were measured.CKD-EPI SCr equation, Cys C equation, Cys C equation adjusted for age, sex and race, SCr/Cys C combinated equation adjusted for age, sex and race were used to estimate GRF (labeled as eGFR1, eGFR2, eGFR3 and eGFR4, respectively).The correlation, bias and precision of eGFRs were compared with rGFR by Wilcoxon signed rank test, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Spearman correlation analysis.The deviation degree between rGFR and different eGFRs was compared via Bland-Altman graph.The accuracy within 15%, 25%, 30% (P15, P25, P30) and the staging correctness of eGFR against CKD at different stages was calculated.

Results
The rGFR in 254 CKD participants was [48.07(26.19-92.97)] ml·min-1·(1.73 m2)-1.The Spearman correlation coefficients (CC) of eGFR and rGFR varied within the range of 0.873-0.896 (P=0.000).The intra-class CC (ICC) varied within the range of 0.920-0.942.The correlation of eGFR4 was the best.The absolute deviations of 4 eGFRs and deviation precision were eGFR4 eGFR3>eGFR2>eGFR1, but no significant difference was found by Chi square test (χ2=6.448,P=0.092).The overall correctness rate in 4 eGFRs against CKD stages were 48.4%-57.5%, with the highest consistency of eGFR4, but their staging correctness rate were not ideal (Kappa values were 0.405, 0.348, 0.366 and 0.463, respectively).

Conclusions
Compared with CKD-EPI SCr equation, no advantage was found in CKD-EPI Cys C equation.The Cys C equation adjusted by age and sex shows a little advantages over CKD-EPI Cys C equation in bias, precision, correlation and accuracy.The CKD-EPI SCr/Cys C combinated equation adjusted by age, sex and race has advantage over other three equations not only in bias, precision, correlation and accuracy, but also in staging correctness.However,the validation of this equation is still not fairly ideal for Chinese CKD patients.Based on these findings, it is essential for the Chinese CKD patients to develop SCr/Cys C combined predictive equation which adjusted by age, sex or other factors.(Chin J Lab Med, 2012,35:798-804)

Key words:
Glomerular filtration rate; Creatinine; Cystatin C; Renal insufficiency;  chronic; Program evaluation; Population surveillance; Algorithms


The origins of the confession 'Jesus is God' in earliest Christianity: A quest for sound methodology and criteria. In this study an argument is made for reopening the debate on one of the most central and crucial confessions of Christianity, namely 'Jesus is God'. In current Christological research there is an apparent discepancy concerning the divinity of Jesus if the results of recent historical Jesus research is compared with the Constantine Confessions (Nicea and Chalcedon). Moreover, prominent scholars today point out that there are traces of a process of development within the writings of the New Testament that can boil down to a possible 'process of divinization' of Jesus in early Christianity. No conclusions concerning these matters are drawn in this study. The research problem is identified and it is shown that the theme is highly relevant. Examples are given of multiple and discordant conclusions of scholars who dealt with this problem in the past. Against this background, it is argued that sound methodology and criteria are necessary in trying to reach a justifiable conclusion.


Apolipoprotein E (APOE) alleles are associated with cognitive decline, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and Alzheimer's disease in Whites, but have weaker and inconsistent effects reported in Latinos. We hypothesized that this heterogeneity is due to ancestry‐specific genetic effects.


Climate change is a global public health problem. Global action is needed to significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions can substantially reduce climate-related risks. Recommendations are provided for emergency nurses to address climate change and its impact on human health.


General practitioners face many barriers to deprescribing psychotropic medications in people with dementia in nursing homes, including a lack of knowledge about their medication histories. This study explored the knowledge of family members about residents' medications and their willingness to support deprescribing.


Objective To investigate the efficacy and adverse reaction of mycophenolate mofetil(MMF),a new type of immunodeprseeant.Combined with glucocorticoid for treatment of IV lupus nephritis.Methods In the foundation of glucocorticoid treatment(prednison 1 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)) Combined with MMF(1.5~2.0 g/d),treated three to six month.On twenty-five cases of IV lupus-nephitis.Results 24 h urinary protein excretion blood serum,anti-dsDNA antibodys tite and the levet of complement's C_3 were all inproved significantly after three to six month's treatment(P0.05).Adverse reaction gastrointestinal tract's reaction(29.6%) pneumonia(15.7%) abnormality of liver function(12.9%).Conclusions The effect of MMF combined with glucocorticoid were well in treatment with IV lupus-nephritis Adverse reaction.Were light but also need to ware the complication.


This paper examines some of the normative aspects of "community energy" programmes—defined here as decentralized forms of energy production and distributed energy technologies where production decisions are made as close as possible to sources of consumption. Such projects might also display a degree of separation from the formal political process. The development of a community energy system often generates a great deal of debate about both the degree of public support for such programmes and the values around which programmes ought to be organized. Community energy programmes also raise important issues regarding the energy choice problem, including questions of process , that is, by whom a project is developed and the influence of both community and exogenous actors, as well as certain outcome issues regarding the spatial and social distribution of energy. The case studies, drawn from community energy programmes in both the United States and the United Kingdom, allow for a careful examination of all of these factors, considering in particular the complex interplay and juxtaposition between the ideas of "public value" and "public values".


Rupture of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is the 13th leading cause of death in western society and is fatal in 70-90 of AAA rupture risk is essential. In recent years, many groups around the world have started to address the issue of predicting the individual patient-specific rupture risk by means of different interdisciplinary approaches including histological, medical imaging, experimental and mechanical simulation. In this contribution we focus on the important aspect of obtaining realistic stress distributions and deformations of the AAA wall by means of simulation using the finite element method. One important aspect in the before mentioned models in patient-specific simulation is to accurately consider loading that has occurred at the time of in vivo imaging. Because of this loading the geometry obtained from such imaging can obviously not be considered stress-free. To get a realistic prestressing state is not a trivial task when dealing with large strains and complex geometries. Hence, in literature geometries very often are assumed to be stress-free neglecting the loads present at the time of imaging. In this talk we will propose two methods that can be used to determine the prestressing state of patient-specific AAAs in a finite deformation context and will give some remarks on their pros and cons. In addition we will demonstrate in a series of cases, i.e. patients, how dramatically results are influenced by different modeling assumptions. Assumptions that are included are different constitutive models and consideration of aspects like intraluminal thrombus (ILT), prestressing and calcifications.


This paper describes an interaction analysis study, which was carried out in a French Polynesian elementary school context. The corpus for the study was gathered via video recordings during an extensive educational project. This project aimed at collecting corpora on various school subjects from French Polynesian elementary schools between the years 2014-2017. The researchers used ATLAS.ti, a Computer Assisted Qualitative Data Analysis Software (CAQDAS) to analyse the classroom interactions collected from six elementary school teachers' EFL classes. The study attempted: a) to discover common teaching strategies and techniques the teachers employed; b) to understand the effects the teachers' actions on the learners, and c) to determine whether the teachers' teaching methodologies were in concordance with today's foreign language teaching approaches. The study used both comprehensive and descriptive data analysis methods. The transcribed data were examined by focusing on both verbal and nonverbal classroom interventions. The codes were generated by studying both classroom exchanges and video recordings. The analysed data were presented using interpretations of individual instances, examples, paradigms, and frequencies.


Studies have pointed to the role of the brain in mediating the effects of the social environment of the developing child on life outcomes. Since brain development involves nonlinear trajectories, these effects of the child's social context will likely have age-related differential associations with the brain. However, there is still a dearth of integrative research investigating the interplay between neurodevelopmental trajectories, social milieu and life outcomes. We set out to fill this gap, focusing specifically on the role of socioeconomic status, SES (indexed by parental occupation) on brain and cognitive development by analyzing MRI scans from 757 typically-developing subjects (age = 3-21 years). We observed nonlinear interaction of age and SES on cortical thickness, specifically a significant positive association between SES and thickness around 9-13 years at several cortical regions. Using a moderated mediation model, we observed that cortical thickness mediated the link between SES and language abilities, and this mediation was moderated by 'age' in a quadratic pattern, indicating a pronounced SES-effect during early adolescence. Our results, drawn from cross-sectional data, provide a basis for further longitudinal studies to test whether early adolescence may be a sensitive time window for the impact of SES on brain and cognitive development.


In this paper, an algorithm is developed for the subset sum problem in connection with public key cryptosystems. It is known that the subset sum problem based on a super-increasing sequence of numbers can be solved simply and in a polynomial time. It is known also that the subset sum problem based on general sequences of numbers is NP-hard, and the difficulty of the problem varies especially depending on the density.

Thus, this paper proposes an algorithm using modular arithmetic for the subset sum problem based on general sequences of numbers. The basic idea of this algorithm is that "the largest number in a sequence of numbers A= (a1, …, an) is transformed to a super-increasing number by modular arithmetic." The advantages of the algorithm are investigated by experiment, and it is shown that by the properties of problems used, this algorithm is an effective method for the subset sum problem based on general sequences of numbers, especially "the case where the density is close to 1," where the existing method is weak.


the Supreme Court, ruling in Andrus v. Charlestone Stone Products Co. that Federal mining law does not consider water to be a locatable and claimable mineral, upheld historical positions. Water rights have traditionally been subject to local and state rather than Federal laws. Support for this decision can be found in related legal and pragmatic decisions and represent a victory for states seeking to protect their natural resources.


Cloud storage services are quickly increasing and more prevalent. CSP-cloud storage providers offer storage as a service to all the users. It is a paid facility that allows association to outsource their confidential data to be stored on remote servers. But, identity privacy and preserving data from an untrusted cloud is a difficult concern, because of the successive change of the members. CSP has to be secured from an illegitimate person who performs data corruption over cloud servers. Thus, there is a need to safeguard information from the individuals who don't have access by establishing numerous cloud storage encryption plans. Every such plan implemented expects that distributed storage suppliers are protected and can't be hacked; however, practically speaking, a few powers will compel distributed storage suppliers to render client details and secret information on the cloud, in this manner inside and out bypassing stockpiling encryption plans. In this paper, a new scheme is introduced to protect user privacy by a deniable CP_ABE(Cloud Provider_ Attribute Based Encryption) scheme which implements a cloud storage encryption plan. Since coercers cannot specify whether privileged insights are valid or not, the CSP ensures privacy of the user


We write as a tribute to Jim Neel, whose accomplishments during his long and full life were a major factor in the development of modern human genetics. Although battling a string of formidable ailments, he was active and typically feisty to the end. Shuffleboard in the sun was not for him. It is more than a little ironic that the first two pages of the new millennium in this Journal, which he helped found, are devoted to his last paper (Neel 2000). As demonstrated by his other papers published in 1999, even at 84 he was articulate, forthright, and knowledgeable as ever.


Tailored voltage waveforms, formed by a fundamental frequency waveform superimposed with higher harmonics, show promise in realizing independent control and optimization of plasma parameters in conventional atmospheric dielectric barrier discharge systems (DBDs). In this paper, a self-consistent fluid model developed by a semi-kinetic treatment of electrons is applied to study the dependency of the electron energy and density distributions on the number of applied higher harmonics, applied fundamental frequency, and contributions from secondary electron emission—in a DBD system driven by tailored voltage waveforms. The mechanisms for achieving selective control over the modulated parameters are proposed, which allow for optimal selection of applied parameters for various downstream applications. This work exhibits dual-advantages for its novelty in presenting practical methods to modulate atmospheric plasma parameters, while in-depth analysis and discussions reveal underlying theoretical principles for the modulation of plasma parameters in atmospheric pressure discharges driven by tailored voltage waveforms.


The human ability to regenerate tissues is crucial to survival: wounds heal, broken bones knit, and livers regrow. However, the quality and length of life are constrained by limitations in this ability. Cardiac muscles do not regrow after infarction, and other damaged muscles rebuild with difficulty, especially with age.

Helen M. Blau. Image courtesy of Amparo Garrido (photographer).

Stanford University stem cell biologist Helen M. Blau has devoted her career to understanding how muscle cells regenerate. Her research has revealed insights into the genetic and cellular mechanisms underlying regeneration and related processes, such as differentiation, morphogenesis, and angiogenesis. Blau's Inaugural Article demonstrates a method to treat damaged muscle by injecting the inflammatory mediator, prostaglandin E2, directly into the site of injury to spur muscle stem cell expansion and catalyze tissue repair (1).

As the Donald E. and Delia B. Baxter Foundation professor, Blau directs the Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology at Stanford and was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 2016.

The daughter of a historian for the United States government and an instructor of comparative literature, Blau was born in England and experienced a culturally rich childhood. "My parents were Austrian and immigrated to the [United States] during World War II. We grew up listening to opera and living and travelling throughout Europe," she recalls. She holds dual United States and British citizenship.

Blau notes that in high school in Germany, she studied languages and literature. But as an undergraduate at the University of York in England, she chose to study biology and wrote a thesis on liver regeneration, foreshadowing her later interests. Her college advisor, biochemist J. Ramsey Bronk, the son of former National Academy of Sciences President Detlev Bronk, suggested she return to the United States to pursue graduate school, and in the …


Children's preschool experiences have consequences for development. However, it is not clear how children's real‐time interactions with peers affect their language development; nor is it clear whether these processes differ between children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and two other groups of children, those with general developmental delays (DD) and typically developing (TD) children. We used objective measures of movement and vocalizations to quantify children's real‐time dyadic vocal interactions and quantify classroom social networks. Participants included 56 preschoolers (22 female; M = 50.14 months) in five inclusive classrooms for children with ASD or DD and their TD peers. Each class was observed monthly on two to five occasions. Overall, children vocalized more to peers who had vocalized more to them in the previous observation. These dyadic vocalization patterns were associated with group differences in social network analyses. Modularity, the cohesiveness of group ties, was lower among children with ASD than it was among TD children or children with DD. Individually, children with ASD exhibited lower total levels of vocalizations with peers (lower degree centrality) than TD children and children with DD. In an exploratory analysis with a subset of the participants, children's degree centrality was strongly associated with their end‐of‐year assessed language abilities, even when accounting for mean differences between groups. Findings highlight the impact peers and social networks play in real‐time language use and in the developing language abilities of children with ASD in inclusion classrooms.


The backgrounds to and possibilities of serological studies for the purpose of establishing are reviewed, all this with regard to bovine disease. The serology of the virus infections infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), bovine viral diarrhoea (BVD), para-influenza virus 3 infection (PI3), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRS) and Chlamydia is discussed in greater detail. Likewise, the interpretation of serological findings in cases of brucellosis, leptospirosis and Johne's disease is dealt with. In addition, attention is paid to the results of serological testing in cases of lung-worm disease and fascioliasis.


In this work, we investigate the spectra of gravitational waves produced by chiral symmetry breaking in dark quantum chromodynamics (dQCD) sector. The dark pion (π) can be a dark matter candidate as weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) or strongly interacting massive particle (SIMP). For a WIMP scenario, we introduce the dQCD sector coupled to the standard model (SM) sector with classical scale invariance and investigate the annihilation process of the dark pion via the 2π → 2 SM process. For a SIMP scenario, we investigate the 3π → 2π annihilation process of the dark pion as a SIMP using chiral perturbation theory. We find that in the WIMP scenario the gravitational wave background spectra can be observed by future space gravitational wave antennas. On the other hand, when the dark pion is the SIMP dark matter with the constraints for the chiral perturbative limit and pion-pion scattering cross section, the chiral phase transition becomes crossover and then the gravitational waves are not produced.


The article analyzes the current requirements for digital competencies of civil servants, which have become relevant as a result of the introduction of the e-government model. The classification of competencies developed by S. Hanius (technical, socio-technical, organizational, managerial and political-administrative competencies) is studied, its validity is confirmed by N. Ogonek's all-European sociological research. It is argued that the trend towards increasing digital competences is common to most developed countries and is reflected in the OECD recommendations, in particular in the document "Strengthening Digital Government" (2019), which provides for the formation of a new digital culture among civil servants. As a result of inculcating this culture, there will be an expansion of authority, thinking and skills.


A video processing system based on TMS320DM642 is introduced,including the following modules,power supply,input and output,and the network interface.Meantime,the debugging process is introduced,with emphasize on the driver debugging and program booting in video frequency passage.The system can fulfill the input and output of video signal,and can be used in various fields involving video capture and processing.Besides,the system includes a network interface that can be used to communicate with other devices easily.


Digital game-based learning (DGBL) has successfully brought traditional game-based learning (GBL) into a new horizon due to its multimedia features, high interactivity, immediate and various feedbacks, authentic and vicarious contexts, etc. As a result, PC-based DGBL has been prevalent in the past decade. In terms of socio-cultural theory, however, PC-based DGBL has some drawbacks in nature to effectively create social interactions among learners in the classroom. The dynamics of DGBL in the classroom setting mainly relies upon learners' fervent interactions to stimulate cooperation, collaboration, problem-solving, communication, and competition in the game context. The characteristics of interactive whiteboard (IWB) exactly solve the issue of adopting DGBL in the classroom. Therefore, IWB-based DGBL has been increasingly applied in the classroom setting in recent years. Nevertheless, not all instructors can put them into effective practice. Without effective teachers carefully planning curricula and conducting classroom activities, any fantastic tools and materials can become just fancy artifacts. Hence, this study aims to tackle these problems, particularly for EFL preschoolers, by proposing a model of IWB-based DGBL instructional activities based upon Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) approach, and suggesting several principles of implementing this model for EFL preschool teachers.


Computational trust and online reputation services have reached the mass market. Traditional business intelligence tools have even prominently added e-reputation features to promote their solution. The TRECK track in Marrakech, Morocco, will surely foster exciting collaborations and technology transfers, especially for the growing realm of mobile applications and online services related to this ACM SAC track. The trustcomp online community (http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/trustcomp/ and http://www.trustcomp.org ) has been set up for the participants of the track and every person working in a field related to TRECK since mid-2004. The trustcomp mailing list now counts more than 290 members composed of a panel of experts from both the academic and the industrial world, with competences from various fields such as security, risk management, business intelligence, Web marketing, human computer interface (HCI)...


On the base of the data of the three major consuming sectors of China from 1985 to 2008,this paper combine the panel data model and the cointegration theory to build the energy consumption panel-cointegration model.It analyzes the panel cointegration relationship between the energy consumption and the industrial output of the three major consuming sectors in China.Variable coefficient in the draw to reach the panel model,based on the model panel unit root tests and panel cointegration test,draw the long-term equilibrium relationship.The conclusion laid the foundation for the development of the three major energy consuming sectors.


Purpose
This paper aims to optimize the stiffness coefficient of the elastic element for a passive waist assistive exoskeleton (WAE). There is a tradeoff between stiffness coefficient of elastic element of the exoskeleton and work efficiency of the wearer, because elastic element affects original bending motion of the wearer and the force requirement of erector spinae is compensated by the other muscles. However, there is no accepted conclusion on how to determine the proper stiffness coefficient, especially with respected to the effort of groups of muscles, not only erector spinae.

Design/methodology/approach
In this study, a consumption indicator based on muscle fatigue of seven muscles is proposed and a Bayesian-based human-in-the-loop optimization approach is adopted to optimize the stiffness coefficient. Pneumatic artificial muscles are used to replace the mechanical elastic part to adjust the assistive force automatically. The proposed optimization method is verified by the way of load-lifting experiments with three different conditions: without exoskeleton, with fixed air pressure and with optimized air pressure. Six subjects participated in the experiment and each experiment is performed in different day.

Findings
Compared with No-Exo condition and static assistance condition, the parameter-optimized waist exoskeleton averagely reduces muscle fatigue of the six subjects by 45.30 ± 29.14% and 30.94 ± 30.29%, respectively. The experimental results indicate that the proposed method is effective to reduce muscle fatigue during stoop lifting task.

Originality/value
This paper provides a novel cost function construction method based on muscle fatigue and muscle synergy for passive WAE stiffness optimization.


The application of the flipped voltage follower to implement two high-performance circuits is presented: (1) The first is a class AB cascode flipped voltage follower that shows an improved slew rate and an improved bandwidth by very large factors and that has a higher output range than the conventional flipped voltage follower. It has a small signal figure of merit FOMSS = 46 MHz pF/µW and a current efficiency figure of merit FOMCE = 118. This is achieved by just introducing an additional output current sourcing PMOS transistor (P-channel Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor) that provides dynamic output current enhancement and increases the quiescent power dissipation by less than 10%. (2) The other is a high-performance low-voltage current mirror with a nominal gain accuracy better than 0.01%, 0.212 Ω input resistance, 112 GΩ output resistance, 1 V supply voltage requirements, 0.15 V input, and 0.2 V output compliance voltages. These characteristics are achieved by utilizing two auxiliary amplifiers and a level shifter that increase the power dissipation just moderately. Post-layout simulations verify the performance of the circuits in a commercial 180 nm CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) technology.


Embedded systems and real time operating systems (RTOS) are fast achieving ubiquity, blurring the lines between science fiction and hard reality. An embedded system is any device controlled by instructions stored on a chip. These devices are usually controlled by a microprocessor that executes the instructions stored on a ROM chip. Embedded systems are used in navigation tools like global positioning system (GPS), automated teller machines (ATMs), networking equipment, digital video cameras, mobile phones, aerospace applications, telecom applications.. We concern ourselves with the development and implementation of model-based, realtime, embedded, hybrid control software. In particular, we target intelligent cruise control applications, including Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC), in which a forward-looking range sensor (radar or Lidar, usually) is used to follow a vehicle, and Cooperative ACC (CACC), a variation in which wireless communications are used to supplement the forward looking sensor. We discuss modeling on automated vehicles. Our approach emphasizes the maintenance of a single model throughout the development process, with particular emphasis on "tight-loop." INTRODUCTION Embedded systems and Real Time Operating systems (RTOS) are two among the several technologies that will play a major role in making these concepts possible. A large number of people are already depending on operating systems for real time applications, these 'eyes in the sky' are now going to make an impact on our every day lives in a more significant manner. Embedded systems are the unsung heroes of much of the technology we use today — the video game we play, or the CD player or the washing machines we use employ them. Without an embedded system we would not even be able to go online using


With the rapid advancement of information technology, business intelligence and data analysis have become integral to the success of modern enterprises. Through the utilization of various computing technologies, organizations can gain a better understanding of their vast amounts of data and optimize their business decisions. Machine learning technology, in particular, has presented significant potential for enterprises. By analyzing historical sales data and relevant factors, machine learning can predict the sales volume of goods. Commonly used algorithms in machine learning for this purpose include regression algorithms and neural network algorithms. By establishing mathematical models, future sales trends can be accurately forecasted. These algorithms have the capability to automatically identify hidden patterns and trends within the data, enabling enterprises to predict demand and adjust their production and supply chain strategies accordingly, thus better meeting market demand. By integrating regression algorithms and neural network algorithms with enterprise data, managers can obtain real-time and precise sales forecasts. These forecast results provide robust support for enterprise decision-making, enabling operators to formulate more informed marketing strategies, optimize inventory management, and make accurate production plans during peak demand periods. Additionally, by analyzing sales data and other relevant information, enterprises can identify key factors that influence sales, such as product characteristics, market trends, and consumer behavior. This deeper understanding of the market and customer needs allows organizations to enhance their competitiveness further. The application of machine learning technology, specifically regression algorithms and neural network algorithms, coupled with comprehensive data analysis, empowers enterprises to make more accurate sales forecasts. These forecasts aid in strategic decision-making, including marketing strategies, inventory management, and production planning, while also enabling businesses to gain valuable insights into market dynamics and customer preferences, ultimately strengthening their competitive advantage.


Removal of sulfur dioxide (SO{sub 2}) from the flue gas of coal- burning power plants can be achieved by duct spray drying using calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH){sub 2}] slurries. A primary objective of this research was to discover the aspects of mass transfer into Ca(OH){sub 2} slurries which limit SO{sub 2} absorption. A bench- scale stirred tank reactor with a flat gas/liquid interface was used to simulate SO{sub 2} absorption in a slurry droplet. The absorption rate of SO{sub 2} from gas concentrations of 500 to 5000 ppm was measured at 55{degrees}C in clear solutions and slurries of Ca(OH){sub 2} up to 1.0 M (7 wt percent). Results are reported in terms of the enhancement factor, {O}. This research will allow prediction of conditions where the absorption of SO{sub 2} in Ca(OH){sub 2} slurries can be enhanced by changes to liquid phase constituents (under which SO{sub 2} absorption is controlled by liquid film mass transfer). Experiments in the stirred tank have shown that SO{sub 2} absorption in a 1.0 M Ca(OH){sub 2} slurry was completely dominated by gas film mass transfer with a large excess of Ca(OH){sub 2} but becomes controlled by liquid film resistance at greater than 50 percent Ca(OH){submore » 2} utilization. (VC)« less


Purpose - The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between the factors in job characteristics with the employees' motivation and to examine the factors injob characteristics that influencing employees' motivation. Methodology -The study used stratified random sampling to select the sample size of respondents from employees in Johor Corporation. Data were collected on a structured questionnaire containing some demographic background of respondents, factors in job characteristics and employees' motivation. Then the data analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis, coefficient of reliability analysis and Pearson Correlation Coefficient analysis. Findings - Consistent with previous studies related to relationship between factors in job characteristics and employees' motivation, the study showed that all the factors in job characteristics (skill variety, task identity, task significance, job autonomy and feedback) have a positive significant relationship with employees' motivation. Conclusion - The research has proven that the factors in job characteristics have positive relationship with employees' motivation. However, factor in job characteristics that have the highest relationship with employees' motivation was feedback. As conclusion, there was positive relationship between factors in job characteristics with employees' motivation. Recommendation - For the future studies, it can be recommended to use a large population to get the more sample size of the respondents in order to ensure the studies can be used widely.


With the advancement of neurosciences in recent years, there is a growing need to ensure that its students are educated in applied neuroethics as part of their formal studies. However, neuroethics education is not commonly an integrated part of neuroscience training. Discussions we have had with


It provided a method for generating a time reference motor (FIG. 1). A representative method comprising: providing a high frequency clock (34), providing a low frequency clock (36), using a motor which generates a high frequency clock reference time, the high frequency clock is turned off when Th when used. the low-frequency reference clock hold time of the motor, and when the high-frequency clock has been turned backward, using the high frequency clock continues to generate the time reference of the motor. Also it provides systems and other methods.


The world was recently shocked by an outbreak of a deadly virus. The recent emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic has increased societal stress levels through disruptions in daily work routines, adoption of new norms, low viral predictability, loss of source of income, death of loved ones, long-covid symptom, and subsequently being pushed to cope with a global economic crisis. It is believed that an endemic crisis will have a grave impact on everyone. Therefore, preparedness for disasters at individual, community and organisational levels are important to reduce disaster risk and minimising their impacts. The existing evidence on the application of behavioural coping models on disaster and emergency preparedness is predominantly from developed countries. The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of the existing behavioural models on the subject, and also to present cross cultural issues that may contribute to ways of understanding the community's coping behaviour during a disaster. Following a discussion of their utility in developing countries such as Malaysia, this paper first discusses how cultural characteristics influence a community's behaviour to cope with the unprecedented events. It then reviews how behavioural model can be applied to reduce risk-or to cope with the stress of a natural disaster. Future research on behavioural model addressing preparedness needs to focused on developing countries where there is a high probabilityof lacked coping capacity.


The dynamic response of a structure subjected to moving loads is an interesting and meaningful research subject in various engineering fields such as bridges, roadways, railways and aircrafts. A vast number of studies has employed the vibration model of the Euler-Bernoulli beam to calculate the dynamic response of a beam structure under the action of moving loads. The present paper deals with the dynamic response of an uniform Timoshenko beam subjected to a moving force. Properties of the natural frequencies and modes of the Timoshenko beam are discussed. Using the modal method, a procedure for calculating the forced vibrations of the Timoshenko beam has been proposed. It is shown that the solution of the forced vibration for the transverse displacement and the rotation of the cross section of the beam can be expressed in form of a sum of two infinite series. The numerical simulation result shows that the speed change of the moving force has little effect on the beam deflection, but its magnitude change greatly affects the beam deflection.


In the twenty-first century technology and globalized society have changed the way how to learn, lifestyles and access to knowledge. In higher education, for example, these changes are reflected in the incorporation of digital devices in the classroom. Thus, research diagnostic, through surveys and interviews, which are the information skills of students from the Engineering faculty of the Civil, Industrial, Mechatronics and Multimedia programs of the cohort 2016-I. From the analysis of informational skills, it intended to provide training, educational and complementary suggestions to teachers, so, that in their work plans have an integrated approach, which generate in students the necessary challenges to enable them access to the knowledge, appropriating and transforming it to problematic situations of everyday life.


The invention relates to a device (1) for wireless transmission of information, comprising a transmitting / receiving unit (2), an antenna unit (3), an electrical signal path (SP) between the transmitting / receiving unit (2) and the antenna unit (3), a front end module is connected (FEM), which contains at least a duplexer (DPX) and which are electrically connected in the signal path (SP) between the transmitting / receiving unit (2) and the antenna unit (3), and a detection unit (DE) for detecting signals proportional to propagating in the signal path RF signals, wherein the detecting unit (DE) is electrically connected between the transmitting / receiving unit is coupled (2) and the front end module (FEM) to the signal path (SP). Further, a communication terminal for wireless information transmission with such a device (1) and a method for impedance matching between a transmitter / receiver unit (2) and an antenna unit (3) of a device (1) for wireless transmission of information will be described.


Summary (1) Large numbers of early post-larval stages of Nephrops norvegicus have been obtained using a fine-meshed beam trawl. It appears that difficulty experienced in obtaining these stages in the past has been mainly due to inadequate fishing gear. (2) The sexual development of the early stages is described. The appearance and development of the first pleopods and the appendix masculina, the increased allometric growth rate of the chelipeds and the differentiation of the sternites and the genital apertures is outlined in the case of males, and the appearance and development of the first pleopods, ovigerous and pleural setae, the increased growth rate of the abdomen and the differentiation of the thelycum and genital apertures in the case of females. (3) Sexual maturity is reached in females at a carapace length of approximately 20 mm; sexual maturity in males at a length of approximately 26 mm.


Buddhism in Mongolian History, Culture, and Society examines some aspects of how Buddhism has adapted to Mongolian indigenous culture and society, and demonstrates the important stages in the building of a unique "Mongolian Buddhism" and Mongolian Buddhist identity. This volume provides readers with important evidence and ideas for understanding well the historical, cultur‐ al, and social context of Buddhism in the Mongo‐ lian world. Without a doubt, as a whole, this is an innovative and progressive work on the subject.


After referring to the paucity of information on the placental characters of the sloths, and to the various inferences which had been drawn by anatomists from Carus's figure of the placenta of Bradypus tridactylus , some holding that it was cotyledonary and non-deciduate, others that it might have intermingled with it maternal deciduous substance, the author proceeded to describe his dissection of the perfectly fresh gravid uterus of a specimen of a two-toed sloth. This specimen, which was presented to him by Dr David Ridpath, only possessed six cervical vertebrae, and was referred to the Cholœpus Hoffmanni of Peters.


Aim. To study the kinetics of the epoxidation reaction for eugenol and isoeugenol with perbenzoic acid, carry out the comparative quantum chemical study of the epoxidation reaction mechanism of eugenol and isoeugenol isomers (2-cis and 2-trans) with peracetic and perbenzoic acids. Results and discussion. The kinetics of the epoxidation reaction of isomeric terpenoids eugenol and isoeugenol with perbenzoic acid in the medium of methylene chloride medium at 293 K was studied using the method of iodometric titration. It was shown that the rate constant of the epoxidation reaction for eugenol was in 5.5 times higher than for isoeugenol. According to the results of quantum chemical calculations using the UBH&HLYP/6-31G (d) approximation, the structures of transition states of eugenol and isoeugenol formed during the epoxidation reactions studied were proposed, and the activation energies for the corresponding reactions were calculated. Based on the results of the studies conducted it was found that the ratio of the activation energies during the interaction of eugenol and isoeugenol with peracetic and perbenzoic acids showed the higher reactivity of isoeugenol. Experimental part. To study the kinetics of the epoxidation reaction the method of iodometric titration was used. The method of the functional density (software Gaussian 09, approximation UBH&HLYP/6-31G (d)) was applied for calculation. Conclusions. The results of the quantum chemical study of the epoxidation reaction mechanism of eugenol and isoeugenol are consistent with the kinetic data experimentally obtained; it confirms the correctness of using the UBH&HLYP/6-31G (d) approximation for studying the features of epoxidation of isomeric terpenoids with organic peracids.