In order to more truly reflect the change of livelihood diversity of peasants,hilly region of southwestern China with relatively remote location and backward economy is selected as the investigation region.Participatory Rural Appraisal(PRA) is adopted to conduct field investigation in order to collect the suggestions from peasants.According to the economic development level,a total of 4 villages in 2 poverty counties(Yunyang County and Youyang County) in Chongqing City are taken as the investigation region using the methods of both random sampling and importance sampling.Effects of diversity of peasants ' livelihood on living standard in poverty areas are discussed,as well as the change of the relationship between peasants and land.A total of 185 peasant households in the 4 villages are investigated from the aspects of family scale,age structure,education degree,income structure and other basic information,as well as the land use situation and the diversity of peasants ' livelihood.Their livelihood can be divided into eight types,which are farmer,migrant labor,doing business,teacher,enterpriser,transporter,civil servant and others.Change of peasants ' livelihood is analyzed from the aspects of income difference,the relationship between livelihood and income level,and the relationship between livelihood and land area under cultivation.Research result shows that diversity of peasants ' livelihood has played a major role in the increase of peasants ' income.And land revenue is no longer the main source of household income and peasants ' dependence on the land is gradually reduced.


Objective We wished to study the influence of smoking upon the occurrence of breast tenderness during oral estrogen–progestogen therapy (EPT). Methods Data from 626 healthy postmenopausal women participating in three double-blind, randomized, controlled long-term trials of EPT versus placebo were included. The studies covered sequential, continuous and interrupted regimens of estradiol opposed by a selection of progestins. All studies were mono-center studies and performed in the period 1988–1997. Data on breast tenderness were collected from adverse event reporting and information on smoking status was obtained by interview. Results Smoking was associated with an earlier age at menopause (difference: 1.3 years, p < 0.001) and a slightly lower body mass index (difference: 0.8 kg/m2, p < 0.01). Smoking women in the EPT groups had significantly lower on-treatment estradiol levels compared to non-smoking women (p < 0.001), whereas no differences were observed in the placebo group. In parallel, the incidence of breast tenderness during EPT was reduced by about one-half (p < 0.001) in smokers compared to non-smokers, whereas no differences were seen on placebo. Conclusion Current smoking reduces the incidence of breast tenderness in women receiving oral EPT. This may be caused by the increased degradation of estradiol during smoking.


The correctness of speech commands recognition decreases if commands bounds are estimated with errors. The method to reduce errors influence using variation of recognizing commands bounds is suggested.


The model of consequent first order reactions was used for the calculation of linoleic and linolenic selectivity with respect to fatty acids. The values of reaction rate constants were attained through the evaluation of experimental data of concentration of all the fatty acids with 18 C atoms by means of optimizing calculation. Calculated selectivity data are discussed in relation to three ways of input of the inlet data: A) From two experimental points at the beginning and end of reaction at the iodine number higher than 80; B) from 4-6 experimental points in the initial stage of reaction up to the iodine number higher than 80; C) from 6-8 experimental points for the course of hydrogenation up to the iodine number values 30-60. The reaction rate is discussed simultaneously. The calculated selectivity values and reaction rates are further discussed in relation to the reaction induction period, reaction conditions and type of used oil.


For the simulative and emulative performance evaluation of tactical indoor communication systems modeling mobility is an important task. Typical assumptions are a uniformly distribution of destinations, shortest paths movement without obstacles, and randomly chosen speeds. These assumptions do not hold for tactical indoor scenarios. In this paper, we introduce a new rule-based indoor mobility model for tactical scenarios. We show that the realistic modeling has a great impact on the evaluation of routing protocols. Furthermore, we demonstrate that even complex movements can be represented by small rulesets.


Left ovaries of bursectomized chick embryos were examined on the 17th day of incubation in comparison to normal and sham-operated controls, by histological and histochemical observations. The results show that in bursectomized embryos the cortex appears irregularly developed, with a significant decrease in the mean thickness and in the percentage of the secondary sex cords in the total cortical area. Furthermore, the germinal epithelium appears thicker and the subcortical medulla and the tunica albuginea more compact. The greater activity of the enzyme delta 5-3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (delta (5)3 beta HSD) found in ovaries of bursectomized embryos (histochemical method) could be related to an endocrine dismetabolism affecting the cortical development. On the basis of these results and those of other authors, some hypotheses are advanced. In particular, an action of the bursal factor on GTH receptors could be the factor responsible of the enhanced steroidogenic activity altering the hormonal environment.


Over the course of 2004, People for Action (PfA) ran a programme looking at ways of increasing the involvement of young tenants in housing association decision‐making. This report on the project summarises the lessons that have been learnt from the work.


E D O T R A C H E A L intubation is widely employed during general anesthesia. Th is technic provides definite advantages to the patient, the surgeon, and the anesthetist. However, skillful use o f the laryngoscope is essential to avoid injury to the patient's teeth and pharynx during intubation. Although such injuries are accepted hazards o f the procedure, they may be avoided by the use of a laryngoscope with a modified blade. Technic o f Laryngoscopy


A mobility assistance apparatus includes first and second frames positioned on left and right sides of a user; a hinge arm mechanism coupled to the first and second frames; and a harness or a walking seat coupled to the frames to transfer at least a portion of the user's body weight from the legs and to transfer weight through the user's hip or pelvis to the first and second frame enabling the user to stand or walk for an extended period without requiring the user's arms to hold the frame.


[Problem] To estimate in advance an initial liquid surface level of a silicon melt in a silica glass crucible by accurately ascertaining the volume of the individual silica glass crucible so as to securely perform a seed-crystal liquid contact step. [Solution] In the present invention, before a silica glass crucible is filled with raw material, the spatial coordinates of numerous points on the inner surface of the silica glass crucible are measured and the three-dimensional shape of the inner surface of the silica glass crucible is identified by combining polygons with the measured points as apex coordinates (S11), an estimated value of the initial liquid surface level of silicon melt in the silica glass crucible is set (S12), a volume of silicon melt that meets the estimated value of the initial liquid surface level is determined on the basis of the three-dimensional shape of the inner surface of the silica glass crucible (S13), the weight of the silicon melt with that volume is determined (S14), raw material with that weight is loaded into the silica glass crucible (S15), and liquid contact with a seed crystal is controlled on the basis of the estimated value of the initial liquid surface level (S17).


Aim: Assess the effect of passive vibration (PV) on skin blood flow (SBF) in persons with good glycemic control (GGC) and poor glycemic control (PGC) type 2 diabetes.


Few people would question nowadays that emotions influence beliefs but until recently little scientific research has been done on exactly how this effect takes place. This important new book, with contributions from some of the leading figures in the study of emotion, explores the relationship between emotions and beliefs from a number of different psychological perspectives. Combining theory with research, it seeks to develop coherent theoretical principles for understanding how emotions influence the content and strength of an individual's beliefs and their resistance or openness to modification. This book will prove an invaluable resource for all those interested in emotion.


A physical rather than chemical means of matrix elimination, i.e., an on-line sample preparation scheme, using column switching techniques, is described herein. The bulk of the sample matrix is diverted to waste and only a «heart-cut» of the chromatogram completely analyzed. The technique has universal applicability, does not suffer the limitations associated with classical matrix elimination, and significantly reduces system abuse


The size effect in the structural strength of fiber reinforced composites has been typically analyzed for tensile failures. However, this is not true for the equally important compressive failures, primarily due to the difficulties in conducting compression tests on specimens of multiple sizes. These size effects are analyzed here numerically for two important compressive failure mechanisms in composites, viz. (i) fiber kink bands forming under longitudinal compression (typically accompanied by axial splitting matrix cracks) and (ii) inclined shear cracks forming under transverse compression. The former mechanism is modeled by a semi-multiscale microplane model, while the latter by the fixed crack model. Both models are calibrated and verified using available test data on carbon fiber composites and then used to predict the failure and load bearing capacities of geometrically scaled pre-cracked specimens of different sizes. In all cases, the predicted failure is found to be of a propagating nature, accompanied by release of strain energy from the specimen causing a distinct size effect in the nominal strength. For the composite considered here, under longitudinal compression, the fracture process zone (FPZ) is found to be fairly small (<1 mm) and the strength size effect is seen to follow linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM). The size effect deviates from LEFM for smaller specimen sizes due to increased flaw size insensitivity but cannot be fitted by Bažant's size effect law since the geometric similarity of the failure mode is lost. On the other hand, under transverse compression the FPZ is found to be much larger (34 to 42 mm) and the size effect is found to obey Bažant's size effect law, deviating from LEFM. The failure is geometrically similar despite being inclined to the pre-crack. These findings provide evidence of the general applicability of fracture mechanics-based size effect laws to compressive failure in fiber composites, and prompt suitable experimental investigations.


Multimedia data mining is a popularly international research. It is one of utmost front-line researching orientations for database, multimedia technology and information decision-making field internationally and also a sub-field for database mining that is new and full of challenge. This article introduced the framework of the system, and particularly introduced the method of the correlative rule mining by taking image data as representative.


Square-stepping exercise (SSE) is a cognitive training program with a physical component. An instructor demonstrates a stepping pattern across a gridded mat and participants are required to memorize and repeat the patterns on their own. In communitydwelling older adults, SSE has demonstrated some benefits on global cognitive functioning (GCF), balance, functional fitness, and social interaction. Aims: to investigate the feasibility and efficacy of SSE in varied populations and settings to improve mobility and cognition. Populations included older adults with: knee osteoarthritis (OA), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and self-reported cognitive complaints (sCC), and those living in long-term care (LTC) and continuum care (CC) homes. Methods: We conducted 3 pilot randomized controlled trials ranging from 12to 24weeks of SSE. Feasibility was determined through recruitment and attendance. Participants were assessed on a host of cognitive, functional, and gait outcomes before and after SSE. Results: We found that SSE was not feasible in older adults with knee OA and results were inconclusive whether it effected mobility in this population. SSE demonstrated improvements in the planning domain in older adults with T2DM and sCC. However, attendance remained a challenge in this group due to high disease burden (i.e. appointments and illness), and therefore it was not feasible. In LTC and CC homes, SSE was not feasible because recruitment and attendance were low. However, we showed that adults living with dementia improved on mood and behaviour symptom scores.


Selection systems have been viewed as relatively static screens which eliminate less desirable job candidates. In an environment of scarcity this ceases to be an appropriate model. Instead, employers will use person‐focused approaches, which identify individual abilities, capitalise on those abilities, and circumvent the individual′s limitations through training, job assignment or reallocation of tasks within the work group. As a consequence, a shift is required from an emphasis on selection to a broader span of diagnostic procedures which yield information which others in the organisation will use to govern how (not if) they will work with the individual. In addition, characteristics of the diagnostic procedures must be adapted to new job and workforce conditions. Evaluation of skill development and employee qualification throughout one′s career will become the norm.


To describe and identify the explanatory factors of variation in current and maintained health‐enhancing physical activity (HEPA) in persons with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).


From the point of view of artificially regenerating exposed infertile upland - heaths and moors Pinus contorta is the most valuable species, either exotic or indigenous, in national reafforestation at present. It was introduced together with Picea sitchensis and Abies nobilis into England in the year 1831 by David Douglas who was acting as collector for the Horticultural Society of London from 1829 - 1832 but it did not make its appearance in Irish State Forests until omparatively recent years-not before 1922 and perhaps as much as 3 to 5 years later...


The celebration of birthdays, the marking of anniversaries, has become conventional in academic journals and associations. As Errol Durbach wrote in his afterword to the last issue of Modern Drama (49.3), a special issue to mark the centennial of Ibsen's death, "2006 links Ibsen and Beckett, coincidentally, by accidents of death and birth—'things dying' and 'things new-born' held in unlikely fusion by our subliminal need to celebrate significant centenaries or by our habitual scholarly inclination to find significance in the serendipitous." To honour Beckett's centennial, Modern Drama, in conjunction with the Graduate Centre for the Study of Drama at the University of Toronto, sponsored a Distinguished Lectures series, featuring talks by S.E. Gontarski, Enoch Brater, and Herbert Blau, all of which appear as articles in this special issue. But it is worth reflecting on our need to "celebrate significant centenaries" – to ask what makes them "significant," to consider what Beckett in particular has to teach...


Gateways in sensor networks are used to relay, aggregate and communicate information from capillary networks to more capable (e.g. IP-based) networks. However Gateway-to-Gateway (G2G) communication to exchange and update information among the gateways in large-scale sensor networks for query processing, data fusion and other similar tasks has been less discussed in recent works. The requirements for large-scale sensor networks such as dynamic topology and update strategies to reduce the overall network load makes G2G communications an important aspect in the network design. In this paper, we introduce a mediated gossip-based G2G communication mechanism. The proposed solution leverages the publish/subscribe approach and uses high-level context assigned to publish/subscribe channels to enable the information discovery and G2G communications. Gateways store/aggregate sensor observation and measurement data according to specific context which is defined based on features such as spatial and temporal attributes, observed phenomena (i.e. feature of interest) and sensor device features. The gateways communicate with each other to exchange data and also to forward related queries for data aggregation in cases that the data should be aggregated from two different sources. The proposed solution also facilitates reliable sensor service provisioning by enabling gateways to communicate and/or forward requests to other gateways when a resource fails or a sensor node becomes unavailable. We compare our results to probabilistic gossiping algorithms and run benchmarks on different dynamic network topologies based on indicators such as number of sent messages and dissemination delay.


This paper describes the implementation of a semi-Lagrangian (SL) advection scheme in the NEMO oceanic model. Sec. 2 discusses the fundamental difference between the Eulerian and SL formulation of advection. It is also shown how a SL advection fits within the existing NEMO framework. Such advection algorithm is made of two specific ingredients: (1) a backward integration to determine the departure points of trajectories (2) an interpolation from the on-grid values to the off-grid departure points found in step (1). The interpolation is described in Sec. 3 while the back trajectory computation is discussed in Sec. 4. Sec. 3 also shows a comparison between the proposed SL algorithm and a standard Eulerian scheme for a simple two-dimensional advection problem with prescribed velocity to check numerically the proper implementation of the


This research aimed to determine the attitudes of teachers and high school biology in public schools in Cuiaba about the theory of biological evolution, characterizing its proximity to biological evolution and its opposite perspective to the presence of this theory in science curriculum. Data collection was conducted through a questionnaire-type Likert scale of 4 points, descriptive analyzes were made, represented by absolute data, with the aid of Excel 2010. The results show that the theory of biological evolution is highly accepted by the teachers, even considering religious people or people of faith. Furthermore, they indicate that they do not feel prepared to teach and know how few strategies to encourage dialogue between these beliefs and concepts of biological evolution bases.


The effective stiffness of multi-inclusion composite materials is difficult to derive using theoretical methods since the localization relationships are usually complicated. In the past decades, researchers used numerical methods represented by the finite element method (FEM) to calculate the effective stiffness of multi-inclusion composites. However, FEM is time costly and cannot achieve real-time stiffness prediction. The emergence of machine learning methods provides a solution for realizing accurate real-time prediction, but making the machine learning model explainable in physical problems remains a crucial challenge. In this work, a machine learning method based on the convolutional neural network (CNN) and symbolic regression algorithm is used to achieve real-time stiffness prediction and give explicable expressions. The CNN model can predict the effective stiffness coefficients of multi-inclusion composites with all the mean absolute errors less than 2%. Using the data generated by the CNN model, the symbolic regression model based on the genetic algorithm can derive the expression of stiffness coefficients and provides a fast and explainable solution for stiffness prediction of multi-inclusion composites.


Abstract The present study aimed to explore the impact of the combination of two pedagogical models, Sport Education and Teaching for Personal and Social Responsibility, for learners with disabilities experiencing a contactless kickboxing learning unit. Twelve secondary education students agreed to participate. Five had disabilities (intellectual and motor). Additionally, three physical education teachers and the mother of one of the students contributed. Five different research instruments were used to obtain information from all participants: drawings, open-ended questions, discussion groups, diaries and semi-structured interviews. Thematic content analysis and constant comparison guided data analysis resulted in three major categories: part of the team, learning and enjoyment. Several ideas were also identified: inclusion, friendship, cooperation, students' important role and transference. In conclusion, the hybridisation of Sport Education and Teaching for Personal and Social Responsibility seems to be a powerful tool for including students with disabilities in physical education, helping them and their classmates connect in and out of class.


Since 1960s,in Pearl River Delta economic zone,especially the Pearl River Estuary area,the eco-geological environmental issues of coastline evolution and derivation have restricted the sustainable development of social economy increasingly.In the paper,the coastline evolution achievements are described briefly based on RS and GIS,the estimate of coastline evolution rate reflects its accelerated tendency in recent 30 years.The Pearl River Estuary area is studied as focal point in order to sum up eco-geological environmental effect of coastline evolution,the author believes that the coastline evolution has caused several negative influences including land expansion and waters shrinkage,silting situation alteration,wetland eco-destruction and eco-environmental deterioration,increase of flood-waterlogging risk in delta hinterland,intensification of water quality-induced water shortage,and obstructing urbanization and economic development.


The financial analysis of enterprises is the main content for enterprise banking credit risk appraisal.The purpose and content of corporate financial analysis and the required information are described.The limitations in financial analysis conducted are addressed in detail.Specific methods of financial analysis are put forward.


The major trouble at present time technology is the information loss due to high technology circuits and system designed using irreversible hardware, to solve this problem used quantum gate. The prime purposed of designing quantum gate to reduce power consumption, decrease quantum cost, delay, number of garbage outputs. Quantum gate requires non-demolition of information, Therefore the number of inputs must be similar to the number of outputs. This paper presents a review of the asynchronous counter designed by T flip-flop and comparing with existing.


Robotically assisted catheterisation has attracted significant interest in recent years. However, few designs have made full use of the extensive experience and skills that interventional radiologists have acquired from conventional catheter navigation. Additionally, limited research has been conducted in quantifying the effectiveness of haptic feedback for catheterisation procedures. This paper presents a novel master-slave force feedback system for endovascular catheterisation that can be used in a natural setting with enhanced ergonomics. The system has been validated with detailed laboratory experiments and a comprehensive user study. The performance of the system was compared against manual catheterisation by measuring the forces exerted on a vascular phantom. The results showed a 76% reduction in the mean force applied and a 55% reduction in the maximum force over the course of the study, indicating that the force feedback system reduced the magnitude and duration of force exerted during a simulated endovascular procedure. This research provides important insights into the design of compact and ergonomic robotic catheter manipulators incorporating effective real-time force feedback for intraoperative navigation.


JAN • FEB • MAR 2004 Calibration laboratories have long relied on chart recorders and hygrothermographs to document laboratory environmental conditions and to ensure calibration accuracy. Recently, however, many labs have started to abandon mechanical temperature and humidity sensing devices, replacing them with digital data loggers. [2] Veriteq Instruments, a North American manufacturer of data loggers, has helped many American and Canadian companies make the shift to data loggers. Veriteq has identified four reasons why increasing numbers of calibration labs are moving to the new technology:


Two approaches involving phosphorus- and arsenic-doped poly emitters for bipolar device optimization in a 1 mu m BiCMOS process are reported. An evaluation includes a comparison of process and device parameters for the two emitter types in the context of a junction-isolated process. The impact of device optimization as measured by ECL and BiCMOS ring oscillators and a BiCMOS 256 K SRAM is discussed. Finally, the reliability of phosphorus and arsenic poly emitters, in terms of beta degradation due to reverse biasing of the emitter-base junction, is presented.<<ETX>>


PURPOSE: Brake releasing system of one touch type with pneumatic pressure for a train is provided to control a train on all directions by compressed air of a vehicle without using a lever and to efficiently reduce releasing time. CONSTITUTION: Brake releasing system for a train of one touch type comprises first and second one touch switches(S1,S2); an air tank(Tank1) supplying compressed air into a time delaying chamber; first and second releasing valves having the time delaying chamber; a housing mounted on a bracket(200); an elevating member(203) dropped or lifted by a spring(202); an isolating member(211); a through hole(211a) passing through compressed air in pressing the elevating member by being mounted on the isolating member; a body(210) having a spring(212); a protecting cap(220) mounted on outside of the housing; and a hinge(221) rotating the protecting cap. Thereby, the brake releasing system for the train of the one touch type controls the train on all directions by the compressed air of the train without using a lever.


Objective: To investigate the safety and efficacy of ureteroscopy combined with percutaneous nephrolithotomy in supine anterolateral lithotomy position of the management of complicated upper ureteric calculi.Methods: From February 2011 to Febru-ary 2012,a series of 36 patients underwent ureteroscopy combined with percutaneous nephrolithotomy with the new supine position under epidural anesthesia or General anesthesia.The average age was(47±15)years,and the average bulk of the stone was(2.0±1.0) cm.We first do ureteroscopic Lithotripsy in order to broken a large stone into small gravel and push it into the renal pelvis,Under ultrasound guidance,the desired calix or pelvis was punctured near the posterior axillary line,then dilating the tract and establishing the 16 F or 24 F tract for PCNL.Results: The pelvicaliceal system could be successfully approached in all patients.The procedure was well tolerated in all patients.Mean operation time was(75±25) min.91.6%of the patients were rendered free of stones by the initial operation.Three cases had residual stones,and a second operation was performed in 1 cases to clear the residual stones.Two cases had high fever.None of the patients suffered visceral injury.Conclusion: The new supine position is safe,effective and well tolerated in patients.


Next generation mobile services will be composed of services components offered by different third-party providers. Complex services ecosystems will be supported by partnership agreements that will explore different application-aware pricing models. Such pricing models are based on service description information and are a central enabler for billing. However these composite services pricing models do not take into account the context information related to third-party partner services involved in the user session. This paper proposes a charging technique, supported by context dissemination mechanisms among administrative domains, which enables application-aware pricing models to explore inter-domain contextual data present in collaborative service arrangements. The authors present a use case scenario and discuss how such model can fit in core network wireless broadband charging architecture through extension of charging interfaces via Diameter protocol.


Concentration data on up to 90 individual constituents in USGS AGV-1, GSP-1, and G-2 have been collected from 1270 journal articles and technical reports. These data are summarized in consensus (mean) values with uncertainties expressed as +/- one standard deviation. Mean values are also calculated as a function of analytical procedure and all raw data are given in the tables. Recommended values are proposed based upon data criteria used by NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology, formerly the National Bureau of Standards or NBS).


Athletic communities have begun to take pre cautions to mitigate traumatic brain injury, such as using protective gear, increasing medical oversight, and establishing better returntoplay rules to protect athletes. As awareness increases, there will be a correspondingly higher frequency of people with traumatic brain injury seeking neurooptometric evaluation and treatment. Therefore, it is imperative for optometrists to understand the signs, symptoms, and treatment of associated visual sequelae of traumatic brain injury. There are many optometric conditions caused by traumatic brain injury, including, but not limited to: convergence insufficiency, accommodative insufficiency, oculomotor dys function, visual motion sensitivity and light sensitivity. In particular, the functional vision problems associated with traumatic brain injury can be addressed with neuro-optometric rehabilitation therapy. They are often due to diffuse axonal injury throughout the brain caused by shearing and tearing of the axons. People with diffuse axonal injury tend to have slower processing speeds due to impaired function at the synapse and longer neuronal pathways. Neuro-optometric rehabilitation therapy creates an environment to facilitate neuroplastic changes within the brain, such as axonal sprouting or dendritic plasticity. This article explores possible correlation between improved clinical findings in traumatic brain injury after neuro optometric rehabilitation therapy and increased neurophysiological changes in brain activity after vision therapy for convergence insufficiency.


Mahapatih Gajah Mada was a great figure who united the archipelago in his time, but no statues have been found that depict the figure. Archaeologists disagree on the accuracy of the human head statue artifact referenced by Mr. Muhammad Yamin, as it does not have any markers that indicate it is a statue of Mahapatih Gajah Mada. To design an accurate visualization of the character design of Mahapatih Gajah Mada, this design is divided into 2 stages: data mining and character design. Data mining involves a data search related to Mahapatih Gajah Mada and culture during the Majapahit Kingdom Era. Character design involves designing the character design of Gajah Mada using data from the references that have been obtained. Data searches have revealed that Mahapatih Gajah Mada is likely to be the Brajanata/ Kertala character in the Panji story and the Bima character in the Mahabarata story. The character has a large, tall body, strapping, crossed mustache, and wavy curls, using a headdress in the form of a foreheadband with carvings, upper arm bands made with snake motifs, a belt with a Kala head patterned buckle, and an upawita (caste rope) that crosses from the left shoulder to the right waist depicting Gajah Mada's caste. For weapons, Gajah Mada carries a keris with a cundrik type (not notched) and an oval mace, which means that Gajah Mada is one of Lord Vishnu's attendants who has a guardian nature. The design of the oval mace takes reference from door guard statues.

Keywords: Character Design, Gajah Mada, Majapahit kingdom


The water quality of Gul-po Stream, the subject of this study, has been deteriorating because of the inflow of domestic sewage and the industrial wastewater due to industrialization and the problems relating to the structure of river including slow flow rate and the covering of river. In particular, the domestic sewage from small-medium sized factories by the river and large-scale industrial complex by the upper and middle streams of the river, and the domestic sewage from increasing population due to the regional development are the main pollution sources. Thus, this study aims to survey the water quality and the sediment affecting Gul-po Stream; monitor the state of pollution in water body; assess the yield of sediment and investigate the water quality of river and the problems arising from sediment; and then suggest reasonable ways to improve the situation. The findings from surveying pollution load shows the discharge increases up to average 72.8 times from the upper stream to the downstream of Gul-po Stream, and pollution load increases up to: SS 111 times, BOD 150 times, COD 145 times, the nutrient T-N 222 times and T-P 312 times on an average basis. As for the pollution concentration range, ignition loss is 1.29~12.43%; COD is 4,015~37,547 kg/day; T-N and T-P 94.8~352.5 kg/day and 81.8~372.3 kg/day, respectively. As for the releasing rate of sediment, T-N is -14.46~156.61 mg/m/day; T-P is -11.53~26.10 mg/m/day, indicating the likelihood of internal contamination due to the elution of sediment. This study is expected to be used as basic data to manage Gul-po Stream basin.


Jared Fier1,∗ Xiongjun Fang2,† Bowen Li1,‡ Shinji Mukohyama3,4,§ Anzhong Wang1,¶ and Tao Zhu5,6∗∗ 1 GCAP-CASPER, Department of Physics, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97316, Waco, Texas, 76798-7316, USA 2 Department of Physics, Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Structures and Quantum Control of Ministry of Education, and Synergetic Innovation Center for Quantum Effects and Applications, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, P. R. China 3 Center for Gravitational Physics, Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kyoto University, 606-8502, Kyoto, Japan 4 Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan Institute for Theoretical Physics & Cosmology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, China 6 United Center for Gravitational Wave Physics (UCGWP), Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, China (Dated: February 19, 2021)


Introduction The Chilean Cervical Screening Programme (CCSP) was implemented nationally in 1994, but its performance and effectiveness in reducing mortality from cervical cancer (CC) have not been assessed at an individual level. This is the first comprehensive evaluation of a national screening programme in a developing country based on individual record-linkage. Methods We linked three Chilean national datasets using the unique personal identification number: (1) the National Health Service (NHS) dataset, which holds data on all women registered in the public health sector; (2) the Cito-Expert dataset, which contains all NHS screening records; and (3) national data on underlying causes of all deaths. This linkage provided a retrospective cohort of 2.8 million women aged 25–64 years followed from 1997 to 2007. The CCSP was assessed in terms of its performance and effectiveness in reducing CC mortality. Results About 30% of the women in the cohort were never screened during the study period in the public health sector. The 5-year coverage was ∼60%, with over-screening in specific subgroups, and ∼60–70% of LSIL+ smears had three following normal smears within 48 months. Women ever screened had a 30% reduction in CC mortality relative to those who had never been screened (adjusted rate ratio: 0.7, 95% CI 0.6 to 0.8). The effectiveness of the programme was higher in middle-aged women (35–54 years) and in the lowest socioeconomic group. Discussion The CCSP has reduced CC mortality during the last decade, but its impact could be increased by improving coverage and follow-up of abnormal smears.


Background: Uncivil is one of the major challenges facing nursing education and learning processes in the classroom, clinical, and online for distance education programs. In addition, uncivil activities can have a detrimental effect on learning, critical thinking, physiological and psychological health (Luparell, 2011). The aim of the study: investigate uncivil behavior as perceived by nursing students and it effect on their critical thinking and burnout inventory. Subjects and method: A descriptive correlation research design was utilized. Setting: The study was conducted in Faculty of Nursing at Minia University. Subject: The present study included a representative sample from total number of nursing students enrolled at1 st , 2 nd , 3 rd , and 4 th academic years during the academic year 20202021 (N=896). Tools of data collection: 1 st tool divided into two parts, first part Personal data, second part Uncivil Behavior in Clinical Nursing Education (UBCNE) instrument, 2 nd tool; Critical Thinking Disposition scale, and 3 rd


A new method for simulating optical front-end receivers with common network analysis programs employing well known, measurable noise parameters is presented. A low noise 7–13 GHz bandpass tuned front end designed using this method is also presented.


In order to investigate the fatigue damage property of permeable friction courses (PFC) under the coupling action of water, temperature and load, the PFC with length of 2.93 m, width of 1.10 m and thickness of 0.04 m was prepare in the laboratory and tested by the accelerated loading testing system MMLS3. The profilometer and the portable seismic properties analyzer (PSPA) was utilized to measured the rutting depth and modulus of the whole asphalt pavement, respectively. It is found that the PFC is compaction-type rutting. In the position 200 mm, the modulus first increases and then decreases. The excess pore water pressure is not measured in pavement. The results can provide beneficial references for the design, construction and fatigue damage analysis of PFC.


A low scale wind tunnel investigation was conducted in rolling flow to determine the effects of aspect ratio and sweep (when varied independently) on the rolling stability derivatives for a series of untapered wings. Test results indicate that when the aspect ratio was held constant, an increase in the sweepback angle caused a significant reduction in the damping in roll at low lift coefficients for only the higher aspect ratios that were tested. This result was in agreement with available swept wing theory which indicated no effect of sweep for aspect ratios near zero. The result of the linear theory that the damping in roll is independent of lift coefficient and that the yawing moment and lateral force due to rolling are directly proportional to the lift coefficient was found to be valid for only a very limited lift coefficient range when the wings were highly swept. For such wings, the damping was found to increase in magnitude and the yawing moment due to rolling, to change from negative to positive at moderate lift coefficients. The effect of wing tip suction, not acounted for by present theory, was found to be very important with regard to the yawing moment due to rolling, particularly for low aspect ratio swept wings. An empirical means of correcting present theory for the effect of tip suction is suggested.


Streaming data clustering algorithm was improved based on sliding window model with the purpose of high cluster quality and efficiency.The new algorithm adopted cluster feature histograms as the data supporting structure.Compared with traditional cluster algorithms,the complexity and clustering effect of new algorithm was further improved.In addition,the algorithm is of better efficiency,less memory overhead and fast data processing capabilities,and the application of data streaming mining technologies is expanded.


A novel space-time discretization for the (linear) scalar-valued dissipative wave equation is presented. It is a structured approach, namely, the discretization space is obtained tensorizing the Virtual Element (VE) discretization in space with the Discontinuous Galerkin (DG) method in time. As such, it combines the advantages of both the VE and the DG methods. The proposed scheme is implicit and it is proved to be unconditionally stable and accurate in space and time.


We developed an emotional model supporting robots to accommodate humans during a working task inside an industrial setting. The the robot recognizes when a human is experiencing increasing stress and decides wether it should assist the human or it can attend other tasks. The emotional model is implemented in the project "The Smart Virtual Worker" and learns to estimate a worker's emotional feelings throughout a typical working task by a hierarchical reinforcement learning algorithm. Since emotions are generated by the human brain based on the individual interpretation of a stimulus, we linked the genesis of emotions to empirical findings of the sports sciences in order to infer an emotional reaction. Furthermore, the model reproduces sympathetic reactions of the human body and is capable of remembering past actions in order to include possible future time constraints as an initiator for emotional responses in the upcoming iterations. This capability is crucial for accommodating long-term experiences since the emotional reaction is not only based on the present situation, but on the whole experimental setting. This paper describes the concept of our model from a theoretical and practical point of view as well as a preliminary state of implementation and upcoming steps of the project.


Synchronization supporting network emerges as a product of the development of modern telecommunication and broadcast television,and plays a more and more important role in network.This paper developed a synchronization supporting network specifically for broadcast television digitalization,which integrated clock synchronization with program synchronization.It can greatly enhance the reliability and manageability of system.


The purpose of this paper is to do educational philosophical reflection on welfare and human rights in Korean schools, focused on free school lunches...


After the ARM7TDMI core board is designed, the USB interface expanded and increased, and BootLoader principle analyzed, detailed analysis and sophisticated design in a series of key technologies such as the start mode, interrupt handling, hardware initialization, booting linux kernel, etc eventually lead to a BoatLoader that supports the U-disk-loading embedded linux system image. By comparing the experimental results of the analysis, the BootLoader will better meet the requirements of users and developers.


In this paper, an analytic solution to the scattering of water wave by submerged permeable breakwaters in infinite-depth water is presented. The analytic solution of the velocity field around the permeable breakwater under the linear wave train in deep water condition is sought by formulating a nonhomogeneous Riemann-Hilbert problem. To deal with the nonlinearity due to the permeability of the plates, a perturbation method is applied in terms of a small parameter representing permeability. We present the leading order solution (impermeable breakwaters) and the first order solution (permeable breakwaters) of the spatial velocity field. The validity of the leading order solution was verified through comparison with the solutions suggested by Evans (1970). Then, the impermeable and permeable breakwater's reflection and transmission coefficients are compared in order to investigate the effects of permeability. The analytical solution presented in this research can be used for designing breakwaters, such as calculating the force applied to the breakwaters, and for validation of numerical simulations or experimental results.


Myocardial involvement is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the setting of primary eosinophilia. We sought to compare conventional diagnostic modalities, such as clinical examination, electrocardiography and echocardiography to cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) for the evaluation of cardiac involvement in patients with primary eosinophilia. Consecutive patients with primary eosinophilia and end-organ involvement were considered eligible. Secondary causes of eosinophilia were excluded using a standardized diagnostic protocol. Clonality was assessed by a combination of diagnostic methods including bone marrow smear, biopsy examination, immunophenotyping (using an extensive panel of T-cell markers), cytogenetic and molecular analysis, including RT-PCR for the detection of eosinophilia related fusion genes [M-BCR-ABL, t(9;22); m-BCR-ABL, t(9;22); μ-BCR-ABL, t(9;22); BCR-FGFR1, t(8;22); ZNF198-FGFR1, t(8;13); FOP-FGFR1, t(6;8); CEP110-FGFR1, t(6;8); BCR-PDGFR, t(4;22); FIP1L1-PDGFRA, del(4)(q12); ETV6-PDGFRB, t(5;12); H4-PDGFRB, t(5;10)], as well as ARMS PCR for the detection of JAK2 V617F. Echocardiography and electrocardiography were performed using standard methods. CMR scans were performed and interpreted by an assessor blinded to the clonality status of patients, using a 1.5 T Philips Intera CV MR scanner (Philips Medical Systems, Best, The Netherlands). Patients were evaluated for the presence of myocardial inflamation using T2-weighted, T1-weighted before and after contrast media injection and late enhanced images. ECG-triggered, T2-weighted (T2-W), multi-slice spin-echo sequence was performed in axial orientation. ECG-triggered, T1-weighted (T1-W) multi-slice spin-echo images were obtained in axial orientation with identical parameters before and after an intravenous bolus of 0.1mmol/kg Gd-DTPA. Measurements after Gd-DTPA were started within 1 minute of injection. Immediately after the second set of T1-W images, 0.1mmol/kg Gd-DTPA was given again and delayed-enhanced images were taken 15 min later, using an inversion recovery sequence. The patients' results were compared with those of 20 healthy volunteers. A total of 15 patients (2 male/13 female) were enrolled in this study. Five patients had been diagnosed with chronic eosinophilic leukemia (CEL; 3 being positive for JAK2 V617F and 2 carrying clonal cytogenetic abnormalities) and 10 with hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES). All patients were receiving treatment to control eosinophilia. 13 were in complete hematologic response (less than 5% eosinophils and less than 10.000 white blood cells/mm3) and 2 displayed mildly elevated eosinophil counts. Five patients had evidence of myocardial involvement by conventional diagnostic modalities. Despite being in hematological and clinical remission, 6 patients, 5 of whom were diagnosed with CEL, had abnormalities detected by CMR, including endomyocardial fibrosis in 5 (all with CEL) and active myocardial inflammation in one HES patient. Overall, cardiac involvement and CMR-detected endomyocardial fibrosis were more common among patients with CEL compared to patients with HES (Fisher's exact test p-value= 0.0088, and 0.0037, respectively). None of the healthy volunteers had evidence of inflamation of fibrosis. Our study demonstrates that CMR detects endomyocardial fibrosis in a substantial proportion of patients with primary eosinophilia, despite adequate disease control. Myocardial involvement and endomyocardial fibrosis in particular, are associated with clonal primary eosinophilia.


AbstractOver the last decade, the Indian economy has transitioned from an agrarian economy to a predominantly services-based economy with IT-ITES being a major component of the services sector. The IT-ITES sector's share of the GDP continues to grow steadily reaching 4.8% in 2005–2006 (Nasscom Strategic Review, 2006). The survey indicates that the Indian businesses are changing, requiring more effective solutions to deliver better value to the customers and maintain their position in a fiercely competitive scenario. Indian businesses during 2005–2006 were definitely at an inflection point in terms of deployment of information and communication technologies. Technology is increasingly being linked with organization strategy to improve performance of firms.


The equations for the hydrodynamic force and torque acting on a sphere in unsteady Stokes equations under different flow conditions are solved analytically by means of the singularity method. This analytical technique is based on the combination of suitable singularity solutions (also called fundamental solutions) such as primary Stokeslets, potential dipoles, or higher-order singularities, to construct the flow field. The different flows considered here include four examples: (1) a rotating sphere in a viscous flow, (2) a stationary sphere in a time-dependent shear flow, (3) a sphere with free rotation in a simple shear flow, as well as (4) a stationary sphere in a time-dependent axisymmetric parabolic flow. Our paradigm is to derive the fundamental solutions in unsteady Stokes flows and to express the solutions as a convolution integral in time using the time–space fundamental solutions. Next the Laplace transform is used to determine the strength of the distributed singularities that induce the velocity field around a stationary or rotating sphere. Then we use the computed strength of the singularities to derive hydrodynamic force and torque. In particular, for the problem of a stationary sphere in unsteady axisymmetric parabolic flow, our solution for the time-dependent force acting on the sphere consists of five force components – the well-known quasi-steady Stokes drag, the added mass term, the Basset historic (memory) force, and two additional memory forces. The first additional memory force due to the rate change of velocity, we find, is similar to the result obtained by Lawrence & Weinbaum (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 171, 1986, pp. 209–218) for the ostensibly unrelated setting of a slightly deformed translating spheroid. The second additional memory force comes from the effect of the rate change of acceleration and is found for the first time in this study to the best of our knowledge.


By means of integral model testing of the cable stayed span of Wuhu Changjiang River Bridge, properties of static and dynamic load of the span composed of combined plate truss structures at construction stage are studied. Stress distributions on upper chords and deck plates, mechanism of load transferring between the plates and trusses and joint function of both of them are analyzed. The analytical results show that the axial force of the deck plates of Wuhu Changjiang River Bridge is mainly transferred from shearing bolts of the upper chords and problems of shearing lag thereof are not so obvious at construction stage.


The article presents the results of studies carried out at assembling two branches of science such as the chemistry of heterocyclic compounds and the chemistry of step-growth polymerization. 2,4-Dimethyl-3,5diethoxycarbonylpyrrole (Knorr pyrrole) was synthesized by a series of successive transformations. 2,4-Dimethylpyrrole-3,5-dicarboxylic acid was obtained by Knorr pyrrole hydrolysis, optimal conditions for reaction were chosen. The process was shown to be completed within an hour and a half in an alcoholalkaline medium. A new polyester based on 2,4-dimethylpyrrole-3,5-dicarboxylic acid and ethylene glycol was synthesized by a polyesterification reaction. The physicochemical characteristics of the polymer obtained were established. Light-scattering method was used to determine the mass-average molar mass of the polyester, which turned out to be equal to 5263. The good convergence of the data calculated and the reproducibility of the experiment for determining the turbidity of dilute polymer solutions by turbidimetric method indicates the reliability of the results. Analysis of the structure and physical and chemical properties of the polymer synthesized suggests that a polyester based on 2,4-dimethylpyrrole-3,5-dicarboxylic acid and ethylene glycol can be used as a component of alkyd resins potentially possessing biological activity.


Sendai virus (SeV, formally murine respirovirus) is a membrane-enveloped, negative sense RNA virus in the Paramyxoviridae family, and is closely related to human parainfluenza viruses. SeV has long been utilized as a model paramyxovirus and has recently gained attention as a viral vector candidate for both laboratory and clinical applications. To infect host cells, SeV must first bind to sialic-acid glycolipid or glycoprotein receptors on the host cell surface via its hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) protein. Receptor binding induces a conformational change in HN, which allosterically triggers the viral fusion (F) protein to catalyze membrane fusion. While it is known that SeV binds to α2,3-linked sialic acid receptors, and there has been some study into the chemical requirements of those receptors, key mechanistic features of SeV binding remain unknown, in part because traditional approaches often convolve binding and fusion. Here, we develop and employ a fluorescence microscopy-based assay to observe SeV binding to supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) at the single particle level, which easily disentangles binding from fusion. Using this assay, we investigate mechanistic questions of SeV binding. We identify chemical structural features of ganglioside receptors that influence viral binding and demonstrate that binding is cooperative with respect to receptor density. We measure the characteristic decay time of unbinding and provide evidence supporting a "rolling" mechanism of viral mobility following receptor binding. We also study the dependence of binding on target cholesterol concentration. Interestingly, we find that while SeV binding shows striking parallels in cooperative binding with a prior report of Influenza A virus, it does not demonstrate a similar sensitivity to cholesterol concentration and receptor nano-cluster formation. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Paramyxoviruses are a family of membrane-enveloped viruses with many notable human and animal pathogens. In this study, we develop and use an assay to observe the initial step of infection – virus binding to the host membrane – for Sendai virus, the prototypical paramyxovirus, at the single virus level. This assay uses cell membrane mimics – supported lipid bilayers – as targets for virus binding to enable easy control of the membrane components with which the virus interacts. Using our assay, we gain insight into basic biophysical questions about Sendai virus binding, including the chemical characteristics of the receptor, the cooperative nature of binding, the influence of cholesterol, and the mechanism of viral mobility following binding.


This quantitative study used the Learning/Adoption Trajectory model of technology adoption as a scaffold to investigate whether a faculty adoption level of instructional technology in the College of Education (COE) at a large midwestern university in the US can be predicted by the faculty members' responses to questionnaire items in four areas: (a) participant demographics, (b) computer experience, (c) instructional hardware used in teaching, and (d) methods of learning about technology. The population for this study consisted of 87 faculty members, 43 of whom responded. It was discovered that use of instructional courseware, online sources, up-to-date technology, nontraditional operating systems, self-directed informational sources, data analysis tools, management tools, and collegial interaction significantly predicted technology adoption by COE faculty. In the analysis of the combined effect of these eight factors, however, only use of self-directed informational sources, collegial interaction, and use of data analysis tools were significant predictors of the technology adoption level.


Population genetic structure results from the interaction between historical events, current ecological conditions and life traits. The genetic structure and gene flow between populations are important to species dynamics, mainly for rare and endangered species that are more vulnerable to landscape changes and fragmentation. Here we evaluated the genetic diversity, population structure and gene exchange in Petunia bonjardinensis, P. reitzii and P. saxicola, three rare species endemic to subtropical highland grasslands in southern South America. We analysed the genetic diversity and structure considering historical events, such as founder effect and climate changes, and biological traits of each species. We also estimated the conservation status for these three species. We collected samples from all adult individuals and occurrence sites that could be found at the same flowering season and genotyped them for 13 nuclear microsatellite markers. Our results indicate that rarity is probably historical for these species, given that we found no genetic evidence for recent bottlenecks. Petunia bonjardinensis, with the largest occurrence area and population sizes, displayed the higher diversity indices. The other two showed lower genetic diversity and are geographically most restricted. Gene exchange among these species was low, although they share some ancestral genetic polymorphism. Historical migration, founder effects and Pleistocene climate cycles ae the main factors explaining genetic diversity, and this was also influenced by reproductive biology and recent habitat loss, whereas the landscape influences the structure. Based on IUCN criteria, the three species are endangered, and the main risk for their survival is probably anthropic activity in the occurrence area. We recommend an urgent programme for the preservation of these species in situ and ex situ.


Background: Comparing the cost-effectiveness of various antiosteoporotic drugs has not been defined. Methods: We determined the cost-effectiveness of calcitonin, raloxifene, bisphosphates and PTH in a base-case cohort of women aged 65 or older with osteoporosis. After bone densitometry, women were stratified into groups of treatment or no treatment. Our outcome goal was a value of $100,000 or less per quality-adjusted life years (QALY). A sensitivity analysis varied nonvertebral fracture reduction and compliance between the two most effective strategies to test various cost per QALY thresholds. Results: Bisphosphonates displayed the most favorable incremental cost saving and prevented more fractures in our base-case analysis. In a sensitivity analysis, virtually all values of bisphosphonates were under $100,000 per QALY and parathyroid hormone (PTH) was between $100,000 and $200,000 per QALY. Conclusions: Only bisphosphonates are cost-effective for fracture prevention in osteoporotic women aged 65 or older and this economic advantage is also maintained in subsets who have a lower relative risk of future fracture.


The Carboneras fault in southeastern Spain is a left-lateral strike-slip fault forming part of the trans-Alboran shear zone. Detailed mapping has revealed a complex fault structure, including a number of high-strain fault gouge bands. The geology of the surrounding area varies widely, with metamorphic basement rocks, sedimentary basins, and areas of igneous intrusion within a 50 km area. Preliminary results are presented, building towards an integrated geological and seismological structure of the region.


Pseudohypoparathyroidism (PHP) is a rare hereditary  disorder having the prevalence of 3.4 per million. It is  characterized by symptoms and signs of  hypoparathyroidism, typically in association with distinctive  skeletal and developmental defects. The features of  hypoparathyroidism are due to tissue resistance to the effect  of parathyroid hormone (PTH). We will describe a 32-yearold  woman who had recurrent convulsion for 16 years,  infertility, cataract, psychosis, candidiasis and typical  features of Albright's hereditary osteodystrophy (AHO),  which include a round face, short neck, short stature and  brachydactyly. Laboratory investigations showed  hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia with high PTH level.  Computed tomography scan of head revealed wide spread   calcification in basal ganglia and cerebral hemispheres. X  ray of left foot showed short left 4th metatarsal bone. The  patient was diagnosed as a case of PHP on the basis of  somatic features of AHO with typical biochemical  abnormalities and uncontrolled convulsion with combined  antiepileptic drugs for 16 years. The unusual features in our  case are long delay in clinical diagnosis and absence of family  history. She was treated with calcium salt and vitamin D.  With this treatment patient's condition was improved and she  experiences no attack of convulsion and carpal spasm.  Anticonvulsants were withdrawn gradually. We recommend  that hypocalcaemia should be excluded before commencing  anticonvulsant therapy in all epileptic patients and those  patients whose seizures are refractory to anticonvulsant drugs DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcps.v29i4.11331 J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2011; 29: 227-230


Do Buddhists believe in God?
 As you may have noticed, our discussions so far have hardly mentioned God. Buddhist teachings aren't oriented around a theistic concept of God, God as creator or ruler or savior. Although images of the Buddha as savior or supreme being...


Among the bronze objects from the Bronze Age unearthed in Qinghai region,the bronze Yue with a vertical Na and two curved-points is the noticeable one.It is not to be used for practice.Its date maybe lie in the early period of the Shang dynasty.It has some characteristics similar to the ones of the same kind objects discoveried in the neighbourhood regions,and meanwhile,has some regional ones,too.This bronze Yue is made locally.It gives us another example which illustrates Qinghai region as a forward zone for the contact,exchange and mergence between the different cultures.


Increasing production and productivity of shallots currently must be done by expanding the area of shallot planting. The expansion of shallot planting in Jambi is constrained by Ultisol land which has low soil fertility. This study aims to look at the response of shallots to the application of cow dung trichocompost doses, and to get a dose which will provide the most effective growth and yield of shallots. The research design used was a randomized block design (RBD) with one factor, namely the dose of cow dungtrichocompost consisting of: 0 tonha-1; 7.5 tonha-1; 15 tonha-1; 22.5 tonha-1; and 30 tonha-1. The results showed that the applying of cow dung trichocompost increased plant height, number of leaves, number of bulbs, tuber weight per clove, and bulb weight per clove of shallot. The dose of trichocompost that gave the most effective growth and yield was 22.5 tonha-1, with production 8.5 tonha-1dry bulbs, almost close to BimaBrebes production (9.9 tonha-1 dry bulbs), or 85.8% of the potential yield.Keywords: doses,production, response,Ultisol


Objective: To determine the effect of operating-room detailed nursing on the postoperative recovery and adverse reactions of patients undergoing gastrectomy. Methods: A total of 94 patients undergoing gastrectomy who were confirmed with gastric cancer and treated in our hospital from February 2018 to February 2019 were enrolled, of which 44 patients were given routine nursing against advanced gastric cancer as an routine nursing group, and the rest 50 patients were given operating-room detailed nursing based on the nursing for the routine nursing group as a detail group. Then the following items between the two groups after nursing were compared: The self-rating depression scale (SDS) score, self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) score, Hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA) score, Hamilton depression rating scale (HAMD) score, life quality, complications, and nursing satisfaction. Results: After nursing, the SDS, SAS, HAMA, and HAMD scores of both groups decreased significantly (all P < 0.001). The scores of nursing safety, disinfection and isolation, instrument and equipment management, surgical instrument preparation, nursing operation specification, and cooperation with the nursing staff of the detail group were significantly better than those of the routine nursing group (all P < 0.001). The quality of life scale (QOL-C30) scores of the detail group were significantly higher than those of the routine nursing group (all P < 0.001). Moreover, the incidence of complications in the detail group was significantly lower than that in the routine nursing group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Operatingroom detailed nursing is more effective in improving the emotional state and life quality of patients undergoing gastrectomy based on routine nursing, and it can reduce the occurrence rate of postoperative complications of patients undergoing gastrectomy to a certain extent.


The inverse problem of electromagnetic induction for an assumed spherically symmetric conductivity distribution within the Earth is considered. In particular an adaptation (applicable in the case of external source fields) is made of the method proposed by Johnson & Smylie. This is based on the Gel'fand-Levitan integral equation and is relevant to the determination of electrical conductivity in the lower mantle and internally generated source-fields. A characteristic of this approach is that the predicted conductivity is a twice differentiable function with respect to the Earth's radius. It is shown here that the inversion procedure satisfactorily recovers the conductivity profile with data generated from a variety of synthetic conductivity structures. Typical response measurements covering a range of frequencies from 0.1 cycles per year to 11 cycles per day for the Earth allowed estimates of the conductivity profile for depths to about 2000 km.


Objectives: To identify clinical and demographic risk factors for sub-optimal end-of-life care and pandemic-related challenges prior to death and in early bereavement. Design: Online open national survey of adults bereaved in the UK from 16 March 2020-5 January 2021, recruited via media, social media, national associations and organisations. Setting: General population, UK. Participants: 711 participants, mean age 49.5 (SD 12.9, range 18-90). 395 (55.6%) had experienced the death of a parent, 152 (21.4%) a partner. 628 (88.6%) were female and 33 (4.7%) from a minority ethnic background. The mean age of the person who died was 72.2 (SD 16.1, range miscarriage to 102 years). 311 (43.8%) deaths were from confirmed/suspected COVID-19, and 410 (57.8%) deaths occurred in hospital. Main outcome measures: End-of-life care experiences (six items, e.g. involvement in care decisions) and pandemic-related challenges before and after death (six items, e.g. unable to visit prior to death). Results: Deaths in hospital/care home increased the likelihood of: unable to visit prior to death, unable to say goodbye as wanted, limited contact in last days of life (all P<0.001). Deaths in hospice/at home increased the likelihood of: involved in care decisions (P<0.001), well supported by healthcare professionals (HCPs) after the death (P=0.003). Hospice deaths increased the likelihood of being given bereavement support information, which was least likely for care home deaths (P<0.001). Hospital deaths decreased the likelihood of knowing the contact details for the responsible care professional (P=0.001). Bereavement due to COVID-19 decreased the likelihood of: involvement in care decisions (P<0.001), feeling well supported by HCPs after the death (P<0.001), and increased the likelihood of: being unable to say goodbye (OR=0.348; 95% CI: 0.2 to 0.605), social isolation and loneliness (OR=0.439; 95% CI: 0.261 to 0.739), limited contact with relatives/friends (OR=0.465; 95% CI: 0.254 to 0.852). Expected deaths were associated with higher likelihood of feeling involved, informed, and well supported by HCPs (all P<0.001). The deceased being a partner or child increased the likelihood of knowing the contact details for the responsible care professional (P=0.001), being able to visit (P<0.001) and given bereavement support information (P<0.001). Being a bereaved partner strongly increased odds of social isolation and loneliness, e.g. OR = 0.092 (95% CI: 0.028 to 0.297) partner versus distant family member. Conclusions: Four clear risk factors were found for poorer end-of-life care and pandemic-related challenges in bereavement: place, cause and expectedness of death, and relationship to the deceased.


Grounding phrases in images links the visual and the textual modalities and is useful for many image understanding and multimodal tasks. All known models heavily rely on annotated data and complex trainable systems to perform phrase grounding – except for a recent work [38] that proposes a system requiring no training nor aligned data, yet is able to compete with (weakly) supervised systems on popular phrase grounding datasets. We explore and expand the upper bound of such a system, by contextualising both the image and language representation with structured representations. We show that our extensions benefit the model and establish a harder, but fairer baseline for (weakly) supervised models. We also perform a stress test to assess the further applicability of such a system for creating a sentence retrieval system requiring no training nor annotated data. We show that such models have a difficult start and a long way to go and that more research is needed.


Organized Langmuir-Blodgett molecular assemblies of 4-dodecyl-6-(2-thiazolylazo)resorcinol are transferred onto microscopic glass slides to serve as an efficient ion-sensing probe. The chromo-ionophore film sensor exhibits a visible color transition series, from an initial yellowish orange to a final deep purple and a bright bluish violet, respectively, for submicromolar levels of Pb 2+ and Hg 2+ . Intact positioning of probe layers, under conditions of deterioration, has been sustained using a polymer monolayer. Isotherm (surface pressure (π)-area (A)) plots show precise control of sensor/polymer film thickness and homogeneity. Sensor characterization and its ion interaction surface morphology are examined using attenuated total reflectance (ATR)-FT-IR specbetroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Quantitative analyte sensing and changes in the probe's intrinsic optical properties are followed by absorption spectroscopy. The sensor presents a reliable detection and quantification limits of 0.026 and 0.048 µM for Pb 2+ , and 0.039 and 0.076 µM, for Hg 2+ . High selectivity and rapid response are achieved with the probe membrane; its ion-sensing behavior has been investigated thoroughly using simulated and real samples. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported demonstration of a colorimetric Pb 2+ and Hg 2+ sensor using Langmuir- Blodgett technology.


Milk is a part of many food products. In the expert assessment of the quality of raw materials, primary attention should be paid to its microbiological safety, since poisoning with dairy products is a common cause of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. The experiment has been carried out on the base in the Teaching and Production Livestock Farm in the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Agricultural Academy named after K. A. Timiryazev" (Moscow). The purpose of the research was to improve the quality indicators of raw milk and yogurt. The method of processing raw milk, which reduces the number of potentially dangerous microorganisms in the products produced from it, has been studied. During the experiment the influence of electromagnetic radiation on organoleptic and physic and chemical parameters has been observed; the quantitative and qualitative composition of milk and yogurt microorganisms has been evaluated. The samples of raw materials had a uniform consistency without sediment and flakes, the color was milky white, and the smell was characteristic of natural cow's milk. Electromagnetic treatment did not affect the main elements of the chemical composition of milk: the mass fraction of dry substances, fat, protein and lactose. In the experimental samples of raw milk after electromagnetic pulses treatment, the decrease in the growth rate of microorganisms including Quantity of Mesophilic Aerobic and Facultative Anaerobic Microorganisms (QMAFAnM), yeast and mold, has been noted. No bacteria of the Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coligroups have been found in the milk samples. The electromagnetic field had the negligible effect on the amount of lactic acid microorganisms in the raw material. During the experiment, there was no negative influence of electromagnetic radiation on the organoleptic, physic and chemical and sanitary-hygienic parameters of yogurt. The issues of ensuring the microbiological safety of raw milk have been described and the method for optimizing the sanitary and hygienic parameters of yogurt in accordance with the current requirements of regulatory documents has been suggest in the article.


While feedback control is widespread throughout many engineering fields, there are almost no examples of surgical instruments that utilize a real-time detection and intervention strategy. This concept of closed loop feedback can be applied to the development of autonomous or semi- autonomous minimally invasive robotic surgical systems for efficient excision or modification of diseased tissue. Spatially localized regions of the tissue are first probed to distinguish pathological from healthy tissue based on differences in histochemical and morphological properties. Energy is directed to only the diseased tissue, minimizing collateral damage by leaving the adjacent healthy tissue intact. Continuous monitoring determines treatment effectiveness and, if needed, enables real-time treatment modifications to produce optimal therapeutic outcomes. The present embodiment of this general concept is a microsurgical instrument we call the Smart Scalpel, designed to treat skin angiodysplasias such as port wine stains. Other potential Smart Scalpel applications include psoriasis treatment and early skin cancer detection and intervention.


This book describes, through photographs, the fate of the tiger from the early days of the Ranthambore Sanctuary and Project Tiger, through the present, taking a look into the future of the tiger in the new millennium. An essay by Thapar evokes the first few years of the santuary and goes on to discuss the difficulties of tiger conservation in an economically backward and overpopulated country like India. It brings alive the fascination of observing the secret life of this predominantly nocturnal animal. This lavishly produced book contains 120 superb photographs which will make it a delight for all those interested in the fate of this magnificent animal.


This book focuses on the principles and research results in developing an inter-domain network management system and in particular on IP over WDM network technologies. Book chapters: Foreword, Preface, Acknowledgement, Introduction, Network And Service Evolution Scenarios, Management of the IP Network Layer, Management of the WDM Network Layer, IP Over WDM Integration Mechanisms, The Winman Management System Concept, The Winman System Architecture, Management System Design And Implementation Issues, Technologies And Tools, Testbed Set Up For The Evaluation of IP Over WDM Management Systems, Evaluation IP Over WDM Management Solutions, Integration Of IP Over WDM: The Lion Project Approach, Future Developments And Challenges For IP Over WDM Network Deployment, About the Editors, Index


The present invention discloses a fingerprint-based terminal payment method and device, the method comprising: acquiring a fingerprint feature from collected fingerprint information; matching the fingerprint feature with a pre-stored standard feature, and determining whether the matching is successful; if so, then determining a preset number of selected features from the fingerprint feature; calculating a distance from the selected feature to a fingerprint module reference point; obtaining, on the basis of a preset normalization the distance, a processing result; and arranging the processing result according to a preset rule, then obtaining a payment code. The method is based upon the uniqueness of fingerprints, and applies a positional relationship of the fingerprint feature onto a terminal payment function, thereby improving payment security. A user is not required to perform complex actions such as entering a random code. The user only needs to perform a fingerprint collection action. The invention further provides a fingerprint-based terminal payment device.


We assessed the association of dietary patterns derived from principal component analysis with respiratory outcomes in adults participating in the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) III, using a standardized food frequency questionnaire. Data from 3,627 adults in 7 European countries and Australia were included in this cross-sectional analysis. Participants provided information on respiratory symptoms, and had forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) measured. An asthma score (0 to 5) was derived based on responses to 5 asthma symptom-related questions. Adjusted multivariable linear regression was used to examine the association of FEV1, FVC, and FEV1/FVC with dietary patterns (expressed as score quintiles). Negative binomial regression was used to examine the association with asthma score. Results were pooled across countries using meta-analysis. Two main dietary patterns were identified: a 'prudent' pattern associated with fruits, vegetables, olive oil and fish intake, and a 'Western' pattern associated with meat, potatoes and sweet intake. The meta-analysed effect estimates (adjusted ratio of mean scores [AR]) of all countries showed a positive association between asthma score and having a 'Western pattern' (AR 1.16 per quintile of dietary pattern score; 95% CI 1.00, 1.36), with no evidence of heterogeneity (I2=0.0%). FVC was unrelated to prudent or Western patterns (β-coefficient 6ml; 95% CI -49, 61; and β-coefficient 6ml; 95% CI -58, 46, respectively). A higher (worse) asthma score was associated with having a 'Western' dietary pattern in European adults. We found no evidence of an association of ventilatory function with dietary patterns in this population.


Which issues are defined or not defined as a safety problem changes over time. In this article, the rise of the safety frame on three Dutch government agendas (Queen's -Speeches, Coalition Agreements, and Council of Ministers' press releases) is established by showing that there is an increase in the usage of the word safety as well as an expansion of the issues that get to be defined as a safety problem. Most notably, the Dutch government has come up with a policy approach towards safety which is so broad as to encompass almost all safety issues at the same time.


The so called social networks and data brokers have become the iconic players of the thriving Big Data economy. This article describes the methods these two types of companies use to gather sensitive information from digital communication users. Methods are different, but share underneath the same strategy. The main aim of our research is to unveil the details of their common tactics, which mainly is test the boundaries of the current legal framework. For this purpose we have used a triple methodological approach: antecedents' bibliography review, an in-depth interview, and text analysis. The results of the investigation can be summarized in three main conclusions: social networks and data brokers; a) hide their users how they gather their personal data; b) do not inform their users the purposes for which they have gathered their personal data, and c) take advantage of the weaknesses of the current legal framework to carry on with their activities.


The first step in establishing a fertilizer recommendation is to collect a representative soil sample well before any preplant fertilizers are to be applied. Early sampling will allow for analysis time and for subsequent purchasing of fertilizers. Before sampling, size up your field. If areas in the field are visibly different or are known to be different from past experience, sample each area as a separate unit. Take samples at random across each sampling unit, collecting and compositing at least 20 soil cores or samples from each area. The composite sample is mixed and a portion of the composite is used for soil analysis.


Several application domains have suffered from the general policies dictated by general purpose OS (GPOS), like the UNIX system [1]. Therefore, since the early 1990s, OS community realized the need for customizable OS, where the application performance can be enhanced by customizing the OS for a certain application. However, since then, no one acceptable system was widely used. In this report, we present our research quest of investigating the feasibility of automatically generating an application specific operating system (ASOS) by customizing GPOS for scientific applications. Our four focus areas in this study are: customizable OS, scientific applications' characterization, Profiling and optimizing techniques, virtual machine monitors.


Based on monitoring and control theory,the mine ventilation control system is developed by building a small volume of the mine model with PVC pipe.This system avoids a large area of underground tunnel excavating needed in ventila- tion experiments and makes significant cost savings.At first,it places the pressure sensors,wind speed sensors and throttle actuator at suitable locations in the model,then achieves the ventilation parameters of signal acquisition,as well as automatic control of throttle control and other functions through the computer control technology.After model debugging is finished,the mine ventilation resistance testing laboratories,the network solver verification experiment,ventilation network regulation experiments,as well as the diagonal structure analysis experiments have been completed step by step.The experiments of gathering analog signal of pressure and wind speed as well as outputting angle control signal of throttle have achieved good results, which is under the control of software with Visual Basic program language and transmit orders through CAN-BUS bus.The completion of the system is of great importance for the simulation experiment and intelligent diagnosis of mine ventilation.


The author of this posthumously published monograph devoted the last sixteen years of his life (1906-67) to studying the massive insurrection of 1773-75 that scourged the southeastern provinces of imperial Russia. In the process he compiled an immense collection of archival notes on the subject. The present volume, portions of which have appeared as articles over the past decade, capped Andrushchenko's long labors and served as his doktorskaia dissertatsiia. It is a fitting monument to a man who, despite disability from war wounds, mobilized his mental and physical resources to produce a respectable body of scholarship.


TWUMOO is poised to be the revolutionary medium for women's expression, scholarship, and collaboration. Short for Multi-User Domain, Object Oriented, a MOO allows multiple users to manipulate objects, as well as converse and conduct research online in real-time. TWUMOO stands for Texas Woman's University's MOO. This virtual land of female voices interweaves female scholarship with community outreach through the many programs currently in place. The Female Collected and The Female Collective form the two areas of focus through the archiving of women's writing online, and, the real-time interaction among women and all MOO participants in a multi-dimensional online environment. The Female Collected is an exploration of the digital women's collection, which currently includes the Women's Collection of Electronic Texts ( WCET) and The Gallery of Women Rhetoricians. The Female Collective serves as the clearinghouse for teaching, research, and service. MOO gatherings such as the upcoming 1999 "Feminisms and Rhetorics" Conference, discussions, archives, and the actual building of virtual spaces demonstrate the pedagogical virtues that have emerged from what used to be a text-based multiplayer gaming environment. Two case studies unveil how MOOs have transformed higher education and creative arts.


The invention discloses an implantable spinal cord electric simulation system for treating obesity. The implantable spinal cord electrical simulation system for treating obesity includes an electrode implanted in a patient spinal cord epidural gap, a simulator for giving out an electric pulse and implanted in an abdomen or under haunch skin, and an extending wire for connecting the electrode and the simulator. The electrode is a bipolar electrode or a multi-polar electrode. The electrode implantable positions are fixed at T1/T2 and T5/T6. A heart rate is monitored in real time when the multi-polar electrode gives out the electric simulation. The current intensity is adjusted through the automatic feedback. Through the spinal cord electric simulation, the gastric emptying is delayed, thus the feeling of repletion is increased, and the intake is reduced. The sympathetic nerve activity is excited, and the basic metabolism and energy consumption are increased. The heart rate is monitored in real time. The electric simulation is adjusted timely through automatic feedback of the variation of the heart rate. The weights of fat patients are safely and effectively reduced.


Therapies with immunosuppressive drugs in autoimmune experimental diseases often down‐regulate disease but sometimes may lead to paradoxical disease exacerbation. To elucidate possible mechanisms behind such phenomena the effects were studied of mitoxantrone (Mx) and cyclosporin A (CsA) given at high and low doses on clinical course, and on autoreactive T‐ and B‐cell responses in actively induced experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) in Lewis rats. Treatment with mx and high dose CsA abrogated EAE and decreased dramatically the measured immune responses compared to vehicle‐treated control EAE rats. Low‐dose CsA treatment caused a disease relapse 20–30 days post immunization (p.i.). This relapse was accompanied by increased numbers of cells spontaneously producing IFN‐γ in the CNS and regional lymph nodes. Furthermore, anti‐myelin and anti‐MBP secreting cells were increased as were numbers of primed T cells that produced IFN‐γ in response to myelin antigens. It was concluded that these aspects of the myelin autoreactive immune response correlated well with clinical disease and are useful in evaluating immunotherapeutic intervention. Low‐dose CsA treatment may interfere with systemic down‐regulatory mechanisms acting on both T‐ and B‐cell myelin‐directcd autoimmunity.


Deep UBV plates from the CTIO 4-m telescope of four young star clusters (M42, NGC 2516, NGC 2451, and NGC 5822) have been searched for faint blue stars; several such stars are identified by color alone in each field. Key words: clusters: open-stars: faint blue-stars: white dwarfs


Robotic surgery at Kent and Canterbury Hospital has enabled a nurse specialist to extend her role and assist a surgeon with operations.


Stereocomplex (SC) crystallization in staggered asymmetric 2-hydroxyalkanoic acid-based random copolymer blends of l-configured poly(l-2-hydroxybutanoic acid-co-l-lactic acid) [P(L-2HB-co-LLA)] (50/50) and d-configured poly(d-2-hydroxybutanoic acid-co-d-2-hydroxy-3-butanoic acid) [P(D-2HB-co-D-2H3MB)] (50/50) composed of monomers with three different chemical structures was reported for the first time. The wide-angle X-ray diffractometry profiles and interplanar distance values of SC crystallites of the staggered asymmetric random copolymer blends were similar to those of poly(l-2-hydroxybutanoic acid)/poly(d-2-hydroxybutanoic acid) SC crystallites. The melting temperature values of SC of copolymer blend samples were much higher than those of P(L-2HB-co-LLA) and P(D-2HB-co-D-2H3MB) individual crystallites of the nonblended P(L-2HB-co-LLA) and P(D-2HB-co-D-2H3MB) samples (90.5 and 96.2–126.0 °C, respectively). Moreover, this article reports for the first time that the 2-hydroxyalkanoic acid-based random co...


Balance studies with chimaera-derived sheep have provided good evidence for genetic control of phosphorus metabolism. Plasma concentrations, urinary and endogenous fecal excretion and efficiencies of absorption of P were similar within but different between four sets of triplets. The results were confirmed with a larger group of chimaera.


BACKGROUND: The Laparoscope is a precise diagnostic tool. Laparoscopy represents a considerable advance in the early and accurate diagnosis and management of pelvic pathologic conditions. Laparoscopy now provides the gynecologist valuable information necessary for the choice of treatment in case of adnexal pathology. The present study carried out with the objective to evaluate the role of laparoscopy in diagnosis of adnexal pathology and management of it. METHODOLOGY: The present prospective study carried among women attending outpatient department of gynecology having Adnexal pathology at tertiary care center located in Maharashtra over the period of two years. The data analyzed for frequency distributions showing number and percentages were generated for each identified variables. RESULTS: Total 32 laparoscopies were performed in patients who attended the gynecology department over a period of 2 years. The majority having suspected ectopic pregnancy (37.5%) & ovarian cyst (37.5%).The majority of patients came with history of abdominal pain (62.5%) and lump in abdomen (21.87%). Most common laparoscopic procedure carried out for tubal ectopic pregnancies in study was salpingectomy (55.50%) and Cystectomy (53%) was done for ovarian mass. Difficulties encountered during laparoscopic procedure were removal of large adnexal masses (3.1%) and misplaced IUCD (3.1%).The complication observed was drainage of cyst (6.2%)during intraoperative while pain in abdomen (25%), vomiting (9%) post-operative procedure of laparoscopy. CONCLUSION: The study concludes for evaluation and management of adnexal pathology laparoscopy should be considered the method of choice as it offers the advantages of fewer postoperative adhesions, reduced pain, technically feasible, safe, and better cosmetic results.


The invention discloses an information processing method, an information processing device and electronic equipment. The electronic equipment comprises a touch unit, and the thickness of the electronic equipment tends to be reduced from a first side part of the electronic equipment to a second side part, wherein the first side part is opposite to the second side part; the touch unit is positioned between the first side part and the second side part. The method comprises the following steps of acquiring a switching instruction, wherein the switching instruction is used for switching a touch function of a first area, close to the first side part, on the touch unit from an enabled state to a closed state or enabling the first area not to respond to the touch operation of a user; executing the switching instruction, so that the touch function of the first area is closed, or the first area does not respond to the touch operation of the user.


The legal provision and scientific and theoretical substantiation of the ecological security has changed objectively due to the new threats that have appeared in this sphere. It has had an effect on the Russian Federations activity in the field of ecology protection of our country. This fact is proved by signing by V. V. Putin the Strategy of RF Ecological Security for the Period till 2015 in April, 2017. When examining into the content of the Strategy a serious attention should be paid to its theoretical and methodological constituent, including the problem of the conceptual construct. Accordingly, the aim of our article is an analysis of the terminological basis of the ecological security category in terms of generalization of the Russian legislation and present-day scientific toolkit. The main attention is given to the following concepts: danger, challenge, threat to ecological security. The article presents positions of various authors explaining the correlation of challenge, danger and threat to ecological security. We also dwell on the characteristic of the Strategy of ecological security, its content, inherent drawbacks, specify the internal and external challenges and threats to ecological security while underlining the importance of scientific approaches to their classification. Frequent appeal to the word combination ecological security shows that scientific publications, statutory documents, social and political journalism lack a uniform interpretation of the concept under consideration. It is logical enough to make a conclusion that it by no means contributes to development of the ecological security theory and, first of all, to practical implementation of the tasks of providing this type of security in Russia. An emphasis is laid on the fact that unfortunately the Strategy of Ecological Security has generally sidestepped the problem of the conceptual construct.


This letter investigates the cooperative computing in a non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA)-enabled mobile edge computing (MEC) system consisting of one edge server, one user equipment (UE) and $M$ full-duplex helpers. For this system, we design an adaptive cooperative computing strategy that operates in one of two modes: the cooperative NOMA-MEC mode and the non-cooperative orthogonal multiple access (OMA)-MEC mode. For this strategy, we propose a novel two-stage full-duplex helper scheduling scheme to improve the successful completion probability (SCP). Theoretical analysis is carried out to derive a tightly approximate SCP and further demonstrate that the UE achieves a full diversity in high main-to-loop-self-interference ratio regime. Simulation results verify the accuracy of the theoretical analysis and demonstrate the advantages of the proposed strategy.


The problem of impact and penetration of rigid conical and pyramidal bodies along the normal to the free surface of a half-space occupied by an elastoplastic medium is considered. The medium is linearly compressible and obeys the Mises-Schleicher plasticity condition. The investigated cone, pyramid and four-ray star bodies have the same area of the base, the normal to the lateral surface of the bodies makes with the direction of motion a constant angle equal to the angle of the half-solution of the cone. Similarly, bodies of the same height are considered. The results of numerical calculations of the penetration of bodies with constant velocity are given. It is established that the resistance to penetration can be described by a quadratic dependence on the penetration rate in the framework of the two-term Rezal's penetration law. It is noted that the minimum force of resistance to penetration is possessed by a conical striker. The difference in the resistance to penetration for other bodies of the same height is within the error of numerical calculations of 10-20%.