Objective To study the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and evaluate the effect of Avastin to the inhibition of the cell on laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.Methods Establishing the culture on laryngeal squamous carcinoma cell and laryngeal squamous carcinoma cell was observed with immunofluorescent histochemistry,the expression character of the laryngeal squamous carcinoma cell was studied.The effect of Avastin was detected by methyl thiazolyl terazolium(MTT) assay.Hoechst 33342 staining were adopted to explore the killing mechanism of Avastin.Results VEGF obvious expressed in the laryngeal squamous carcinoma cytoplasm.Compared with control group,Avastin inhibitive effects of the growth of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma had the statistical difference(P0.05).Conclusions The protein of VEGF mainly expressed in laryngeal squamous carcinoma cytoplasm.Avastin had direct effects on laryngeal squamous cell in vitro.The method of theraping laryngeal squamous carcinoma was provided by Avastin of the the new-type antitumor drug.


This paper proposes an adaptive RTP/RTCP algorithm of video-on-demand(VoD) after considering the server's balance,buffer control method of the client and the network congestion control.The results show that the algorithm can ensure a good QoS of the VoD system and a steady code rate.


Objective This study aims at developing a computer aid for performing HIV/AIDS counseling and test,so as to standardize VCT operating procedures and help frontline counselors provide high quality VCT service.Methods Rapid prototyping was employed in which primitive VCT standard operation procedure (SOP) and prototype software were generated through literature reviews,counseling case studies and expert panel activities first and then refined through consecutive rounds of piloting at various VCT settings.Results A pragmatic SOP and computer-aid for performing routine VCT services were put forward.It consists of 5 main application modules including performing counseling,making appointment,managing data,developing counseling skill and setting system parameters.Conclusions Our study suggests that standardization and computerization of complex VCT service is feasible and the system we had produced provides a new means for improving the service.


and Implications A study was initiated to research the efficacy of feeding conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) to market barrows to achieve improvements in growth, carcass, and pork quality characteristics. The feeding of CLA at a constant level (0.75%) from 40 kg to 115 kg of body weight resulted in a significant increase in subjective marbling scores and tended to increase subjective firmness scores of loins from CLA-treated pigs compared with loins from pigs on the control diet. No Hunter color differences were observed when day of shelflife was evaluated in the statistical model. Hunter color values were analyzed independent of day. No differences were observed for L* and a* values. A significant difference (P< .05), however, was observed for b* values indicating a more yellow product from CLA supplementation.


Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is known as a pluripotent cell mediator, and it is implicated in the control of uterine cell growth, differentiation and function during estrous cycle and pregnancy. In this study, we investigated the effect of TNF-α on endometrial stromal cells derived from rat uterus (rat endometrial stromal cells, RES). RES were isolated from rat endometrium at day 5 of pregnancy. Proliferation activities of RES were measured by using bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling kit, the productions of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) were measured by enzyme immunoassay kits and the production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) was analyzed by gelatin-zymography. TNF-α, as well as epidermal growth factor and fibroblast growth factor-2, significantly increased the proliferation activity of RES (P 0.05). In conclusion, this study demonstrates several regulational functions of TNF-α on RES using in vitro culture system. The effects of TNF-α on proliferation and MMP production of RES have been shown for the first time. We believe that these results demonstrate part of the functions of TNF-α in endometrium and contribute to the better understanding of endometrial functions. J. Exp. Zool. 307A:699–707, 2007. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.


Ununited epiphyses were seen in the calcanei of a 13-month-old Rottweiler with abnormal rear limb conformation. Histologic examination of the tissues showed a nonunion with neoarthrosis formation. Surgical management included use of tension band and lag screw techniques to achieve epiphysiodesis that was radiographically evident 12 weeks postsurgery. There was no sign of lameness when examined 8 months after surgery. Similarities exist between this case and that of osteochondrosis in other domestic species, and with Osgood-Schlatters disease in humans. Osteochondrosis and/or abnormal angulation of the hocks were suspected as the underlying cause of the epiphyseal separations.


The coincidence as to location of a late-Wisconsin ice disintegration centre, with an earlier ice dispersal centre, some 30 miles north-west of Schefferville, Quebec, resulted in large scale englacial meltwater flow from north-north-west to south-south-east across the Schefferville area. The direction of flow was controlled by the englacial hydraulic gradient, controlled in turn by the ice surface gradient. The Schefferville area is underlain by Proterozoic metasediments, exhibiting a series of parallel folds and thrust-faults aligned NW-SE ; this structure is reflected in the marked parallelism of the ridges and valleys. When the englacial meltwater streams were let down on to this substrate, structurally controlled alignment of the meltwater channels resulted. Generally, this has resulted in remarkably straight channels aligned along the strike or along faults. In the Houston Mountain area, however, steeply pitching anticlinos in slates oroduced a striking series of subglacial arcuate channels. At several points in the Schefferville area, subglacial meltwater flow down a hillside at right angles to the strike, and in the opposite direction to the dip, in zones of steeply dipping, well-bedded sediments, has produced the features referred to in literature as vallons, and earlier explained as being largely periglacial in origin. These are a special type of structurally controlled subglacial chute, in which there has been only slight periglacial modification of the original fluvioglacial form.


Radar is used to measure the altitude with the traditional terrain-aided navigation(TAN) method such as TERCOM,which may result in a bunch of disadvantages.In this paper,a TAN algorithm based on radar array was proposed.The initial position of an aircraft was obtained by minimizing the correlation between the altitude array acquired by radars and that cropped from the digital elevation map(DEM).The optimal positioning result was obtained by a Kalman filter.Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has higher performance,especially in flat terrain.


Abstract Objectives The goal of this study was to determine the quality of these disinfectants' effects on thyroid function and neurological scores in premature newborns aged 28 to 36 gestational weeks (GW). Methods This cohort study was conducted from October 2020 to September 2021 among 28–36 GW preterm infants at the neonatal care unit of Jiangnan University Hospital. We divided this 12 month period into two consecutive 6 month periods. Composite iodine disinfectants and alcohol are used for skin and umbilical cord disinfection of preterm infants, respectively. Urinary iodine concentration (UIC), thyroid hormone levels, and neonatal behavioral and neurological assessment (NBNA) scores were determined in both groups. Results A total of 126 patients were included in the study, 65 in the iodine exposed group and 61 in the alcohol group. The second UIC and the incidence of serum T4≤5 μg/dL and TSH≥10 mIU/L in the iodine exposed group were significantly higher than those in the alcohol group (p<0.05). The first NBNA score was lower in the iodine exposed group than in the alcohol group (p<0.05). However, whether it has clinical significance remains to be explored. There was a linear relationship between the two NBNA scores (iodine exposure group, R2=0.344; alcohol group, R2=0.227). No sepsis or other adverse outcomes occurred in the two groups of preterm infants after disinfection with different disinfectants. Conclusions Iodine-containing disinfectants seem to have the potential to cause an increased rate of thyroid dysfunction and a decreased neurological score and should be evaluated in further studies.


Abstract The paper presents a comparative look at the results of similar studies relating to the diagnosis of cooperation between the journalists and representatives of the PR industry in Poland. Comparable subjects, arising from the similarity of used research tools, as well as comparable attempts of the research on both environments provide good opportunities of drawing overlapping conclusions from the two research projects. Although standardization of the cooperation between journalists and PR professionals is very difficult and its description is limited by a number of variables and differentiating factors, comparing both studies makes it possible to draw conclusions about some changes or elements that have remained unchanged in relations PR managers - journalists in Poland over the last 11 years.


Dynamic response of single span and 3 span continuous highway bridges to transient loads; results of more than 1000 specific cases are analyzed to evaluate effect of load characteristics and bridge geometry on highway bridge impact; it is concluded that springing of vehicles is important factor affecting dynamic response to highway bridge and that present specifications do not adequately provide for dynamic response of bridges to design loads.


Abstract Determination of the thermodynamic parameters of complex compounds of rare earth metals in aqueous solutions is of considerable interest for understanding the hydrometallurgical processes associated with the extraction and separation of yttrium and lanthanides from solutions of complex multicomponent composition. The composition of these solutions, as a rule, includes the following anions: SO4 2-, CO3 2-, PO4 3-, F-, which form strong complexes of the inner-sphere type, and anions, which form weak outer-sphere complexes, which primarily include complexes of the metal with halogens Cl-, Br-, I-. By the method of direct potentiometry with the use of a bromide-selective electrode while maintaining the ionic strength constant in the medium of sodium perchlorate, the stability constants (lgK) of the complexes of bromine with cerium, neodymium and samarium at the first stage were determined, the numerical values of which were 0,346; 0,257; 0,387, respectively. Based on the results obtained, the Gibbs energies of formation for the complexes under consideration are calculated. A method is proposed for extrapolating literature or experimental data, which makes it possible to calculate the values of thermodynamic stability constants for the entire series of lanthanides and yttrium. The fundamental possibility of using this method is shown by the example of calculating thermodynamic parameters for bromide complexes of rare-earth metals.


A new set of short RNA templates has been prepared for functional studies in initiation of translation in vitro. Number of individual RNA fragments which contain complete or part of the initiatory region of phage fr replicase cistron were isolated from complex fr RNA--fr coat protein. Their primary structure were determined by using standard fingerprint technique and rapid gel sequencing. Secondary structure of several RNA fragments and their binding activity with phage fr and MS2 coat proteins has been also studied.


Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a noninvasive, portable and low-cost technique, giving it great advantages for the early diagnosis of craniocerebral hematoma. More information on a hematoma can help medical staff to classify a patient's condition in order to give more timely and effective treatment. Based on the principle of NIRS, in this paper a simulation of brain tissue is carried out in COMSOL finite element simulation software and brain tissue models are constructed of single-target hematoma, dual-target hematoma and hematomas at different depths. An array scanning single-source multi-detector is used to detect optical information and images are reconstructed and optimized by an imaging algorithm and the derivative peak sharpening method. The results show that a single-target hematoma can be accurately imaged, and the offset of the coordinate is within 1.4 mm,. The accuracy of dual-target hematoma imaging is limited, but derivative peak sharpening and multidirectional measurement can optimize the imaging effect. The array scanning detector can detect information about hematomas situated up to a depth of about 14 mm in the subcutaneous tissue.


Objective: This paper aims to evaluate birth weight and maternal nutritional status in children's body composition aging from 7 to 9 years old. Methods: Transversal study composed of collecting interviewee's socio economic and anthropometrical variables in which 41 children and their mothers were evaluated in the city of Picos in Piaui state. The following mother's anthropometrical parameters were investigated: weight, height, and waist circumference. In addition, the following student's anthropometrical variables were collected: born and current weight, height, waist circumference (WC), arm circumference (AC), subscapular skinfold (SS), and triceps skinfold (TS). Results: Birth weight relates positively and significantly with some anthropometrical variables of children, such as: waist circumference (WC; p=0.02), arm circumference (AC; p=0.03), subscapular skinfold (SS; p=0.02), and percentage of body fat (%BF; p=0.05).  A statistically positive correlation between children's current weight and mother's current weight (p=0,04) was observed. Besides, a lower, but more significant inverse correlation between mother's height and variables referring to children's body composition was found. Conclusion: The following paper suggests that born weight correlates with children's current bodily composition and that, no matter what the born weight is, mother's weight is relevant to the children's current weight, demonstrating the importance of continuous screening of nutritional status between mother and children.


An undirected graph G is a circular permutation graph if it can be represented by the following intersection model: Each vertex of G corresponds to a chord in the annular region between two concentric circles, and two vertices are adjacent in G if and only if their corresponding chords intersect each other exactly once. Circular permutation graphs are a generalization of permutation graphs. Rotem and Urrutia introduced and characterized this class of graphs and their characterization yields an O(n 2.376 ) algorithm for recognizing circular permutation graphs. Gardner gave an O(n 2 ) recognition algorithm. We provide an alternate characterization and show that an O(m + n) recognition algorithm can be derived from the new characterization. Our algorithm also constructs the intersection model when the input graph is a circular permutation graph (CPG).


Telecommunications addresses the tyranny of distance for international and domestic trade communities by providing information linkages both internally and externally to an organisation. These global networks give firms the opportunity to gain strategic advantages such as the strengthening of trading partner relationships and the redesigning of internal procedures to improve overall efficiency and cost effectiveness. Many organisations more noteably small and medium-sized enterprises however, have been slow to adopt telecommunications and its enabled technologies (EDI in particular) due to a general lack of understanding of the benefits available from their effective utilisation. This paper describes the various benefits attributed to telecommunications and, more specifically, to EDI. The paper summarises many of the major factors which might be contributing to the slow rate of acceptance of this technology, despite the benefits which the business community stands to gain from its widespread adoption. The paper then argues that using laboratory-based teaching programmes might prove to be an effective way in which to alleviate this problem of EDI and telecommunications acceptance, particularly in the case of SMEs.


We discuss the features of a two Higgs doublet model exhibiting a two stage phase transition in the presence of soft terms in the scalar potential. Such terms are necessary in order to explain the observed baryon asymmetry ∆B in the Universe. At finite temperatures electric charge violating stationary points are developed. In conjunction with CP violation in the Higgs or the Yukawa sector, the phase transition to the charge conserving vacuum, generates a net charge asymmetry ∆Q, which may be well above the astrophysical bounds put on ∆Q. The model is of relevance for supersymmetric extensions of the Standard Model, since it shares the same features, namely two Higgs doublets and similar CP violating sources. Pacs numbers: 98.80.Cq,12.60.Fr Typeset using REVTEX ∗E-mail addresses: email@example.com, firstname.lastname@example.com, email@example.com 1


Summary form only given. The goal of plasma induced healing is to obtain a high bacteria killing rate without significant damage of the healthy cells. For this task various cold atmospheric pressure plasma jets (APPJ's) have been developed over the years. In those APPJ's the plasma is created with an inert gas inside a ceramic or glass tube between two electrodes. The effluent mixes outside with the air-environment. APPJ's differ usually in electrode geometry (ring, needle), used gas-effluent (helium, argon) and excitation frequency (DC, kHz, MHz). These differences in input parameters are also changing the plasma parameters, such as the gas temperature, UV-emission and production of reactive species, which makes a direct comparison of the plasma jets challenging and contributes to the large discrepancies between biomedical experiments of different groups using (slightly) different plasma jets1.


Studying the properties of endanchored polymer layers has been a fashionable occupation for numerous physicists, chemists, and material scientists for more than 10 years. Theoreticians have realized that grafted macromolecules are nice statistical objects wriggling around under thermal motion, which give rise to nontrivial long-range entropic effects. These can be described by elegant scaling laws and analogies with quantum or classical mechanics. For experimenters the area turned out to be a marvelous playground in which both very simple and sophisticated techniques such as x-ray or neutron scattering and reflectivity, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Rutherford backscattering, and optical and atomic force microscopy (AFM) have been used to discover interesting and subtle phenomena. All this effort was also motivated by the importance of grafted layers in applications such as paints, adhesives, lubricants, colloidal stabilizers, and composite materials. By anchoring a thin, soft polymer layer to a solid surface, one can tune the surface properties. In this short article, we will discuss how the wetting and spreading of liquids and polymer melts can be profoundly altered by the presence of such protective layers.


Formation of calcium carbonate and its hydrates are important for a wide variety of geological, biological, and technological concerns. Recent studies have determined that formation of anhydrous crystalline calcite, aragonite, and vaterite can involve a complex series of nonclassical pathways in which the hydrated polymorphs monohydrocalcite (CaCO3·H2O), ikaite (CaCO3·6H2O), and amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) play key roles and in some instances are stable or metastable endproducts. The stages of nucleation and crystallization along these pathways are not well understood, nor is how what is learned in an aqueous environment transfers to CO2-rich conditions. In this work ab initio thermodynamics based on density-functional theory and experimental chemical potentials for H2O-rich and CO2-rich systems are used to determine the stability of calcium carbonate polymorphs as a function of environmental conditions. In water-saturated supercritical CO2, formation of ikaite and monohydrocalcite are both highly e...


The lining with hexagonal segment is a kind of tunnel mode that can be used in tunnel of high-speed excavation with TBM to realize high-speed lining of tunnel.But this kind of lining mode exists some deficiencies.It is accuracy but sensitivity and is not fit for soft adjoining rock,makes obvious errors in bend tunnel,and the water seal quality can't be ensured,the backfill bedding need grouting repeatly.According to the practical experience of YRDP and aiming at the previous deficiencies this paper puts forward some preventive and repair measures,so as to provide the reference for other projects and persons.


In this paper, we present a new motion estimation algorithm for motion compensated frame rate upconversion. The proposed soft-decision motion estimation algorithm utilizes the interpolated frames as feedback information to enhance the estimation accuracy signicantly. After the process of motion estimation, motion vector smoothing is used to remove the outliers in the motion vector eld. Finally, an adaptive-weighted motion compensated interpolation (MCI) is adopted to interpolate the intermediate frame. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the existing methods both subjectively and objectively.


We describe a case of non‐ulcerating severe stasis eczema in an elderly female associated with a low plasma zinc and which responded to treatment with oral supplements. The dermatological changes were not accompanied by oedema and were most marked over the lower legs and ankles, with patchy erythematous lesions extending to the inner thighs, over the dorsal surface of both hands and the forearms. There was some excoriation and a degree of lichenification. These lesions were intensely pruritic and resolved almost completely following treatment with oral zinc sulphate (220 mg daily) on two separate occasions. Histological appearances of biopsy material included those of stasis eczema but there was also a marked degree of parakeratosis.


We have rigorously derived the perimeter-generating function for the mean-squared radius of gyration of staircase polygons. This function was first obtained by Jensen. His nonrigorous result is based on the analysis of the long series expansions.


Background: Eating disorders are one of the most common psychiatric disorders among women. Little is known about underlying causes. Methods: To assess the association between childhood violence victimization and eating disorders, we performed a case–control study of women participating in the Harvard Study of Moods and Cycles, a population-based sample of women 36 to 44 years of age. Cases were women who met the diagnostic criteria for anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, or binge-eating disorder after a structured clinical interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DSM-IV). A self-administered questionnaire was used to assess a history of abuse as a child. Results: Compared with women who reported no abuse, women who reported childhood physical abuse had twice the odds of suffering from subclinical eating disorder symptoms (odds ratio [OR] = 2.0; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.3–3.3) or meeting DSM-IV criteria for an eating disorder (2.1; 1.1–4.2). Women who reported both physical and sexual abuse during childhood had 3 times the odds of developing eating disorder symptoms (3.0; 1.3–6.8) and nearly 4 times the odds of meeting DSM-IV criteria for an eating disorder (3.9; 1.3–11.5). These associations persisted within the subgroup of women with no depression antecedent to first onset of an eating disorder. Conclusions: The present study provides additional evidence of an association between preadolescent trauma and psychiatric morbidity.


We applied both Latent Semantic Indexing (LSI) and Essential Dimensions of LSI (EDLSI) to the 2010 TREC Legal Learning task. This year the Enron email collection was used and teams were given a list of relevant and a list of non-relevant documents for each of the eight test queries. In this article we focus on our attempts to incorporate machine learning into the LSI process. We show the EDLSI continues to outperform LSI on


A memory device with the In2O3 nanocrystals embedded in biphenyl‐tertracarboxylic dianhydride‐phenylen diamine (BPDA‐PDA) polyimide layer was fabricated, and its electrical and optical properties were evaluated. The In2O3 nanocrystals showed an irregular spherical shape with the average size and density of about 7 nm and 6×1011 cm−2, respectively. In the structure of BPDA‐PDA polyimide/In2O3 nanocrystals/ZnO/ITO/sapphire, a current bistability by difference resistance appeared in the sweep voltage rage from −7 V to 7 V. Then, the transmittance efficiency of this was measured about 80 % between 440 nm to 800 nm by the ultraviolet‐visible transmittance spectra.


Abstract The causes responsible for the low reproducibility of the gas chromatographic method used to analyze fatty acid methyl esters, derived from the transesterification of triglycerides in n-hexane by means of methanol potassium hydroxide, were identified and eliminated. Partition coefficients (Kd) of short-chain fatty acid methyl esters between n-hexane and methanol were determined. These results indicate that even under the best experimental conditions, a substantial portion of these compounds are transferred in the methanol phase and therefore are not analyzed. Accurate results, to within 2%, were obtained by rigorously controlling the volume of the reagents and introducing appropriate correction factors. The accuracy of the results, reported as a percentage by weight, did not depend on the completeness of the transesterification reaction. In the analysis of fatty acids as butyl esters, a measurable quantity of butyric ester was lost during the washing phase with water. By contract, butyric acid pe...


A collection of sera from 81 species of Australasian marsupials and 65 antisera to them, prepared in rabbits, chickens, or various species of marsupials, was examined to devise a scheme to identify the blood of marsupials imbibed by blood-sucking insects. The precipitin test was of limited value but established that the blood was marsupial. With the haemagglutination inhibition test, however, it was possible to identify the family, subfamily, genus, and species. Thus a procedure could be devised to identify the donors' blood based principally on serological methods supplemented by data on the geographical distribution of the various marsupial species.


The multimedia traffic over the Internet has characteristic requirements and features such as large buffers, real time data transfers, user interaction and monitoring, bursty traffic etc. The traffic has a few Predictable parameters in statistical sense that should be made use for effective control. The traffic pattern obeys poisson distribution. The multimedia traffic is inherently bursty and time varying due to different degree of compression for the data of a unit time. The burstiness of one flow affects other adaptive flows. This property is used in traffic control. The multimedia data sources are often modeled as on-off sources. The overlapping of independent on-off sources leads to arrival pattern distribution with heavy-tailed autocorrelation function. abstract


_ f^HE Queen lias conferred the much-valued decoration ^ the Royal Red Cross upon Princess "Victoria of .lleswig-Holstein. In this case the dark blue ribbon ^th red edge has been given by her Majesty to liei S1 and-daughter for zeal and devotion in providing foi he sick and wounded soldiers. This honour is partly .Ue the interest that the Princess has taken in startlaS> in conjunction with many other influential peithe Children's Penny Fund, by means of which .ildren of all sorts and conditions, in towns and 1 ^ages, in homes and schools, contribute their pence i01 the benefit of the convalescent soldiers, and partly rp* the solicitude she has shown the patients at Netley. ,e Pretty little anecdote about the Princess and the told in our columns a fortnight ago, will ^lesh in the memory of our readers. Amongst other *Wal possessors of the Red Cross are the Queen herthe Princess of Wales, the Empress Frederick, the ?-'en of Greece, and the Duchess of Sparta. TfHE "PRINCESS OF WALES" HOSPITAL SHIP. The inaccuracy of the statement that the hospital " Princess of Wales " would not return to South1 rica has been conclusively proved by the fact that le vessel is about to leave Southampton for the Cape, j^h to the delight of the nurses. It will be remembered bat the Princess of Wales despatched some little me^'cnto for each of the nurses on board, but it appears *at UP to the time of their departure to England with v leh first party of patients they had not received the Sifts. They hope on their arrival at their destination 0 find the parcels awaiting them. Unless it is found 'lecessary to hurry back again with wounded soldiers ship is likely to remain for a short time in South ?^rican waters. The Princess of Wales has conSl(lerately forwarded a large quantity of warm clothing ,llld other things designed to promote the comfort and ^'elfare of the prospective soldier patients who may Je expected to be sent on board soo n after the arrival the vessel at the Cape.


Streamflow data and water levels in reservoirs have been collected at 30 recording sites in the Toce river basin and its surroundings, upstream of Lago Maggiore, one of the target areas of the Mesoscale Alpine Programme (MAP) experiment. These data have been used for two purposes: firstly, the verification of a hydrological model, forced by rain‐gauge data and the output of a mesoscale meteorological model, for flood simulation and forecasting; secondly, to solve an inverse problem—to estimate rainfall volumes from the runoff data in mountain areas where the influence of orography and the limits of actual monitoring systems prevent accurate measurement of precipitation. The methods are illustrated for 19–20 September 1999, MAP Intensive Observing Period 2b, an event with a 4‐year return period for the Toce river basin. Uncertainties in the estimates of the areal rainfall volumes based on rain‐gauge data and via the inverse solution are assessed. Copyright © 2003 Royal Meteorological Society.


This final chapter contextualizes woman-led prayer within broader discussions of authority, tradition, and change. It first analyzes Islamic feminist discourse on woman-led prayer, female leadership, and androcentric ritual norms, emphasizing theological and social assumptions. It then engages with Christian feminist approaches from Delores S. Williams, Elizabeth A. Johnson, Rosemary Radford Ruether, and Traci C. West that grapple with notions of community, male imagery of God, tradition, and ritual. The chapter concludes with Muslima theology and argues for the necessity of embodied egalitarian ritual, a dynamic view of tradition, and reassertion of the transformative space between ideal and real community (umma).


Liquidity is an ability of a firm to meet its short-term obligations. Profitability is a measure of the amount by which a company's revenues exceed its relevant expenses. The importance of liquidity to the company performance may lead to the conclusion that it determines the profitability level of company. Ample Liquidity and good profitability are the pre-requisites for the survival of every firm. Hence this study an attempt has been made to study the relationship between liquidity and profitability of selected HFIs in India. In this article the researcher has selected GIC Housing finance limited and Dewan Housing finance limited as a sample on the basis of availability of data. The study has been carried out for ten years period from 2003–04 to 2012–13. The study highlights that liquidity position of DHFL is the better than GICHFL under consideration.


We designed four ternary lanthanide tris-(β-diketonate) complexes of the form [Ln(tta)3(tpy-HImzphen)], where Ln = LaIII, EuIII, SmIII and TbIII; tta = (2-theonyltrifluoroacetonate) and tpy-HImzphen = 2-(4-[2,2':6',2'']terpyridin-4'-yl-phenyl)-1H-phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazole. All the complexes have been thoroughly characterized by standard analytical tools and spectroscopic techniques including single crystal X-ray diffraction. In situ generation of the complexes was also monitored via absorption and emission spectroscopy upon incremental addition of the respective lanthanide precursor {Ln(tta)3(H2O)2} to the dichloromethane solution of the terpyridyl-imidazole ligand. The photophysical behaviors of all the complexes were thoroughly investigated via absorption and both steady-state and time-resolved emission spectroscopic techniques. The emission spectral measurements were carried out at both room temperature and 77 K to understand the deactivation dynamics of the excited states and elucidate the distinctive luminescence responses from the four lanthanide metal ions owing to the introduction of the terpyridyl-based ancillary ligand.


Family and Dysfunction in Contemporary Irish Narrative and Film explores how the family in Irish culture has functioned, and continues functioning, as an essential icon of Irishness by analysing a selection of key literary and filmic texts of the last four decades. Interestingly, the rapid and drastic changes that the family has undergone, especially as the result of the Celtic Tiger years, do not necessarily entail that the institution has lost importance –quite the opposite, and this is reflected in the artistic output of the nation overall.


The author argues that moral values in U.S. politics predate the 2004 presidential election, animate contemporary public policy discussions among people with varying viewpoints within and across political and religious persuasions, and permeate broader issues of social justice and cultural correctness. Liberal institutions, based on moral principles shown to be consistent with J. Dewey's pragmatic philosophy, afford persons of faith protections and opportunities to engage in public debate and thereby shape legitimate policies thought to be in the public interest. On the whole, the author contends that governmental institutions in the United States are highly resilient, enabling coexistence of proponents of competing accounts of excellence (i.e., virtue and character) on terms of mutual respect. Finally, the author addresses how the present political climate might affect policy and clinical practice and what social workers should do about it.


Introduction: The role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in regulating vascular endothelial function in human resistance vessels remains largely unexplored. Early data suggest miR-29 is differentially expresse...


Viral capsids contain multiple copies of identical monomer ordimer proteins arranged into monolayered spherical struc-tures with icosahedral symmetry. These spherical structures(capsids)canwrapupthegenome.Forexample,thecapsidsofwild hepatitis B virus (HBV) have a diameter of approx-imately 20 nm and contain 120 copies of a dimer protein.


The main participants,facilities and services,goods and environment are the key factors influencing the competitiveness of agricultural wholesale markets in autonomous regions.This paper builds up the index system of evaluation of competitiveness of agricultural wholesale markets.Combining empirical analysis,evaluation based on fuzzy comprehensive method shows that improvement of competitiveness of agricultural wholesale markets in autonomous regions depends on cultivation of market participants,information system of agriculture production,and integration of the market pieces.Fully functioned governmental macro control is required for the regulation and development of markets of agricultural products in autonomous regions.


where t is a large real variable. For the special case k = 2, Gaus proved that A2(t) = πt+ P2(t), with P2(t) t1/2. Since then the question of the exact order of P2(t) has been called the circle problem of Gaus. For an exposition of its history, see e.g. the textbook of Kratzel [10]. At present the sharpest upper bound is (1.1) P2(t) = O(t23/73(log t)315/146), due to Huxley [7], [8]. In the opposite direction the best results to date are P2(t) = Ω−((t log t)1/4(log log t)(log 2)/4 exp (−c √ log log log t)) (c > 0), and P2(t) = Ω+(t exp (c′(log log t)1/4(log log log t)−3/4)) (c′ > 0), due to Hafner [5], and Corradi and Katai [2], respectively. They refined earlier work of Hardy [6], resp. Gangadharan [3]. It is usually conjectured that inf {θ ∈ R : P2(t) θ tθ} = 1/4.


The photo-aligning of LC layers by UV-illumination seems to provide a new advanced technology for all types of LCDs, especially AM-LCDs. Recently certain new results were obtained, which based ont eh extensions of the photo- aligning materials to the common classes of polymer aligning agents, such as polyimides, polysiloxanes etc. Pretilt angles on the substrates were definitely obtained, which enable to fabricate STN and AM-LCDs with large surface areas. The progress in application of LC photo-aligning for LCDs stimulates a fundamental research in the field. We will consider UV-illumination in photoanisotropic films, such as a photo-orientation of the absorption oscillator of the molecular clusters perpendicular to the polarization vector of the UV-light and characterize this process by the specific material constants. This characterization will further enable us to define such important parameter as an anchoring energy of LC with the photoactivated substrate. We will also discuss such problems as a stability of photoaligned LC layers with respect to an external UV and IR light exposure, and will show that a certain progress in this direction was obtained. Finally we plan to review some LCD display constructions, that can be efficiently obtained by the method of UV-illumination technique.


Laser Raman spectra were recorded for $KClO_4$, $RbClO_4$, and $CsClO_4$ for all 6 necessary orientations in the range 50-1200 $cm^{-1}$. In the 50-400 $cm^-1$ region the low frequency lines are attributed to lattice vibrations whereas the high frequency lines are librational. In the 400-1200 $cm^{-1}$ region the cation effects on $ClO_{4-}$ frequencies is insignificant. The doubly degenerate vibration \nu$^2$ does not show any splitting. The triply degenerate vibration $\nu$s shows a splitting ranging from 28 to 40$cm^{-1}$.


ABSTRACT Every collective social and political action undertaken by citizens and non-citizens within the border spaces is a border act that can be illustrated through ample instances. The border act demonstrates people's collective and cooperative consciousness to sustain, construct, recreate, negotiate and resist borders. The border studies have focussed on the sustenance of the edge through surveillance systems, construction, and reconstruction of borders through symbolic tropes and meaning attribution by different sets of actors experiencing them spatially and temporally. The passivity of agency remains the sub-text in border studies. Long neglected in the border studies literature, the essay examines a different set of agentic actors – the dispossessed people – produced by the development processes and projects undertaken by the public and private companies to uplift the impoverished, underdeveloped regions and persons that became part of the internal border formation. The article illustrates how the internally dispossessed agencies' contestation of the dominant and hegemonic value of development through their struggle against development projects initiated by the formal state and non-state actors retains the potential to change institutionalised behaviors to reclaim their rights to livelihood.


The concept and characteristics of urban ecological environment were illustrated,and against to main urban ecological environmental problems in recent years,it insisted that ecological environment protection consciousness introduce into urban land utilization.Some methods about how to protect ecological environment were proposed against to Shenyang land utilization,so as to maintain harmonious development of ecological environment.


The paper provides latest update on the activities performed by the group #4-diodes, shading and reverse bias of the PV Module Quality Assurance Task Force (PVQAT) in the areas such as electrostatic discharge testing and standards, thermal runaway testing, diode junction temperature measurement techniques, thermal endurance tests and analysis of field failures. Philosophy, motivation and future direction for the group #4 is also discussed.


103 In the year 1918, there was influenza pandemic, wherein India had the largest number of cases (10–20 million) among all the countries and had the highest case fatality ratio (4.39%) worldwide.[1] The total magnitude of estimated deaths globally was 50–100 million. A mathematic model predicted that if similar severity of influenza pandemic would have repeated in 2004, the estimated mortality toll world over would have been 62 million, and with a similar trend as in the past, nearly 14.8 million deaths were estimated in India alone.[2,3]


Voltage-current characteristics and the Cu-II 780.8 nm laser performances are described for a novel segmented hollow cathode and for three- and four-slot hollow-anode cathode (HAC) tubes. Each of these operate at a higher voltage and with higher slope resistance than a conventional hollow cathode and produce improved laser performance. The best laser performance is obtained with the segmented tube. The application of a longitudinal magnetic field raises the discharge voltage and enhances the laser performance for the segmented tube and raises the voltage for the four-slot HAC tube. The magnetic field lowers the voltage and reduces the laser performance with the three-slot HAC tube. The voltage effects are attributed to the deflection of the fast electrons by the magnetic field and represent experimental evidence for the oscillation of electrons in a hollow-cathode discharge. >


Objectives: The aims of this study were to gain some insight with regard to the safety of the coelocentesis procedure and, to determine pH, pCO2, and base excess status of the extracoelomic fluid 40 days after fertilization. Methods: Twenty-eight timed-mated baboons from the breeding colony of the Biological Resource Laboratory at the University of Illinois at Chicago were studied. The initial 19 animals were used to determine the ultrasonographic relations between the different compartments of the gestational sac from 38 to 62 days of pregnancy. Under aseptic conditions, in 9 animals coelocenteses were then performed, under continuous transvaginal ultrasound guidance to avoid the amniotic or yolk sacs. Extracoelomic fluid (1–5 ml) was aspirated using 10-ml syringes. Only one attempt of sampling was performed in each of the 9 animals. Extracoelomic fluid pH, pCO2, and base excess were compared with maternal femoral venous blood. Pregnancies were followed by transabdominal ultrasound evaluations on day 3 after the procedure and weekly until day 140 after fertilization. Results: Extracoelomic fluid could be aspirated easily using a 20-gauge needle. Only one pregnancy loss was detected within 3 days after the procedure. No complications occurred in the remaining 8 pregnancies. Extracoelomic fluid pH (7.45 ± 0.01) and pCO2 (39.9 ± 2.4 mm Hg) were significantly different from maternal femoral venous blood pH (7.41 ± 0.01) and pCO2 (47.1 ± 1.4 mm Hg; p < 0.02), while base excess values were similar. Conclusions: This preliminary study performed at 40 days after fertilization in the baboon model suggests that the coelocentesis procedure is technically simple and presents a relatively low risk to mother and fetus if a 20-gauge needle is used and the amount of aspirated extracoelomic fluid is <3 cm3. At this gestational age, the extracoelomic fluid is more alkalotic than maternal femoral venous blood.


In this paper, we investigate the distortion outage performance of distributed estimation schemes in wireless sensor networks, where a distortion outage is defined as the event that the estimation error or distortion exceeds a predetermined threshold. The sensors transmit their observation signals using the analog amplify and forward scheme through coherent multiaccess channels to the fusion center, which reconstructs a minimum mean squared error (MMSE) estimate of the physical quantity observed. We consider three power allocation schemes: 1) equal power allocation (EPA); 2) short-term optimal power allocation (ST-OPA), where we minimize the distortion subject to a power constraint at each time step; and 3) long-term optimal power allocation (LT-OPA), where we minimize the distortion outage probability subject to a long-term average power constraint. We study their diversity orders of distortion outage in terms of increasing numbers of sensors, and show that under Rayleigh fading EPA and ST-OPA achieve the same diversity order of NlogN, where N is the number of sensors. This suggests that in the case of a large number of sensors, the spatial diversity gain in EPA can overcome fading equally well as in ST-OPA. On the other hand, in LT-OPA, we find that for N >; 1 the outage probability can be driven to zero with a finite amount of total power.


—We propose a new dialogue management model that incorporates contextual and linguistic features of utterances. Our model is based on the use of a systemic functional linguistic resource, the Semiotic Base, which enables the unified systematic treatment of contextual, semantic and lexicogrammatical features of language. The Semiotic Base is used to identify the situation type of a user's input text, to set up resources in accordance with the situation type, and to analyze and generate the text. The result of the analysis is represented with a set of linguistic features, which is used by the plan module to identify the stage in a dialogue, and to select the following moves of the system. In this paper, we explain how our dialogue management model with the Semiotic Base is applied to an intelligent secretary agent system that helps a user manipulating application software, and discuss the expected advantages of our approach.


This study has investigated the effect of milling in increasing the solubility of a poorly soluble drug Nimesulide. Nimesulide was subjected to ball milling in the presence of a natural polymer, β-Cyclodextrin and a synthetic polymer, Poly ethylene glycol (PEG) 6000. The physical dispersions of the drug with each polymer were taken in three different ratios of 1:1, 1:3, 1:5 respectively and milled at time intervals of 30 min and 90 min individually. Before and after milling the physical dispersions and the pure drug were subjected to various evaluation parameters like solubility, particle size analysis and flow property. The milled physical dispersions showed a better flow property and solubility (153µg/ml) than the nonmilled dispersions. The milled physical dispersions were developed into tablet and capsule dosage form and evaluated for thickness, diameter, hardness (2-4Kg/cm2), weight variation (109-321 mg), disintegration time (8-20 min), drug content (95-101%) and dissolution rates. Modifications in the solid state were observed by various characterization techniques with the help of Fourier Transform Infra Red Spectroscopy (FTIR), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) shows changes in melting point, and X-Ray Diffractometry (XRD) reveals reduction in crystalinity. The data obtained showed an increase in the dissolution rates of the ball milled dispersions with increase in time of milling and at higher concentration of the polymers (above 90% at 1:5 ratio).


Objective To discuss the clinical features and therapeutic method of extremity fracture with severe and extremely severe burn.Methods Clinical data of 35 cases of our hospital with severe and extremely severe burn complicated limb fractures were retrospective analyzed.Both underwent the early anti-shock while the open reduction and internal fixation with plate or intramedullary nail fixation was performed in patients.Results 34 cases of burn wound and fracture site healed well,1 case of osteomyelitis which changed to external fixation and cured by incision and drainage.Conclusion The extremity fracture with severe and extremely severe burn were treated by interal fixation and anti-shock therapy at the same time,only in this way can raise the success rate of treatment.


Chapaev is one of the most famous natives of Cheboksary. His name is known not only on the territory of our country, but also abroad. One of the ways to perpetuate the memory of the legendary commander in his homeland was the opening of a museum. The purpose of the study is to analyze the prerequisites for the opening of the Museum of V.I. Chapaev in Cheboksary, to identify the main stages of its creation and the main directions of its activity in the late 1960s – 1970s. Materials and methods. The main research methods were the method of analysis of archival documents and the historical-genetic method. Archival documents have survived that allow you to recreate the history of the emergence of the museum and the organization of its work. Research results. The article provides information about the work done by the staff of the Chuvash Republican Museum of Local Lore in preparing the exposition of the new museum in the 1970s. The attention is focused on the sections of the exposition, which consecrated the periods of life of V.I. Chapaev; described the history of military units associated with the name of the legendary commander; and also talked about the works of literature and the film dedicated to him. On the basis of archival documents, the main directions of the museum's activity in the first years of its work are revealed: exposition and exhibition, which consisted in the preparation of thematic exhibitions; research, expressed in the study of new publications on the biography of V.I. Chapaev and the history of military units, in the creation of which he was directly involved; collecting, aimed at finding new materials on the topics of the sections of the exposition; cultural and educational, consisting mainly of excursions and lectures. The authors paid special attention to the main events of the first years of the new museum's activity. Among them are memorable dates dedicated to 60th anniversary of the death of V.I. Chapaev and the 90th anniversary of his birth. Entire complexes of events were timed to coincide with these dates, in preparation for which extensive work was carried out. This work was reflected in the organization of thematic exhibitions, meetings with honored guests, lectures, etc. The article notes the role of A.A. Rozhkova, A.E. Shurkina, V.I. Brovchenkova in organizing the work of the museum. Conclusions. Already from the first years of work, the Museum of V.I. Chapaev has become one of the most visited cultural sites in Cheboksary. It is this museum that is the central "place of memory", which helps to perpetuate the memory of the legendary commander of the Civil War.


In addition, the BIS Data Bank includes detailed price statistics contributed by the participating central banks. These data provide a wealth of information on price measurement practices in different countries. Data on property prices have also been disseminated on the BIS website in order to facilitate international research and policy analysis. The findings of the BIS data collections have been shared at meetings of senior central bankers interested in price measurement. The paper will highlight the crucial importance of micro data in assessing the trends in domestic and international inflation and explains some econometric and statistical issues that have emerged from it.


The information is shared in form of images through newspapers, magazines, internet, or scientific journals. Due to software like Photoshop, GIMP, and Coral Draw, it becomes very hard to differentiate between original image and tampered image. Traditional methods for image forgery detection mostly use handcrafted features. The problem with the traditional approaches of detection of image tampering is that most of the methods can identify a specific type of tampering by identifying a certain features in image. Nowadays, deep learning methods are used for image tampering detection. These methods reported better accuracy than traditional methods because of their capability of extracting complex features from image. In this paper, we present a detailed survey of deep learning based techniques for image forgery detection, outcomes of survey in form of analysis and findings, and details of publically available image forgery datasets.


Finally, the sentence "The notion of proof net is not decidable in an elementary way" (p. 131) is plain wrong. A proof net consists of a sequence of formulas, equipped with the axiom links (i.e., the coherence graph). The question whether such an object is correct, (i.e., represents an actual proof) can be decided in linear time. Lutz Strassburger École Polytechnique, LIX, Rue de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France email@example.com.


In order to improve the organization and performance of equipment maintenance, innovative proposals were developed and implemented. The explanations were taken into account when determining the methods for evaluating the maintenance performed for the joint approval of a unified methodology of applying the concept of a standard hour. The planning of performing equipment maintenance by day during the whole month was revised, which, in turn, allowed minimizing significant fluctuations in the scope of work and eliminating peak loads. The works on the maintenance of the mechanical and energy components of a single assembly were revised and combined as much as possible, which ensured the more efficient use of working time. Work has been organized on updating the composition of the operations to be performed, since the scope of maintenance work in the assignment forms is not always representative of the complex of necessary operations. Preventive work with subordinate personnel is organized in the field of improving the industrial standards in the workplace.


Mechanical characterization of MEMS materials is increasingly important in view of improving reliability and assessing the life time of new devices. In this paper a number of testing methods are described. These methods include tensile, torsion and fatigue testing of specially designed microstructures, as well as wave propagation methods based on an optical pump probe setup to test thin films. Difficulties arise from manufacturing and handling of small structures and the determination of its geometrical dimensions, which directly affect the accuracy of material parameters extracted from the experiments. In addition the measurement of the mechanical parameters like small forces and torques or strains on small specimens or with ps time resolution pose challenges. This paper focuses on size effects in copper foils of thickness between 10 and 250 microns as determined from tensile testing and probing of inhomogeneities caused e.g. by diffusion at interfaces in thin films.


The major problem of this study is to elucidate the Struggle for Getting Freedom in Frank Darabont's the Shawshank Redemption Movie: An Individual Psychological Approach. The objectives of the study are; to analyze the structural elements of the movie and to analyze the character of Andy Dufrane based on individual psychological perspective.
In conducting this study, the researcher uses qualitative research in which the date are based on primary data the Shawshank redemption movie it self. While secondary data are Shawshank Redemption's biography and other data which deal with the research.
In analyzing the data, she applies two approaches. Firstly, structural approach is used to analyze the elements of the movie. It consists of characterization, setting, point of view, plot, style, and theme. Secondly, the individual psychological approach is used for analyzing the struggle for getting freedom and optimism of Andy Dufrane that influences his daily activity and behavior toward life. These approaches are applied in order to get the appropriate analysis and answer the problems. The writer finds that Andy Dufrane crawls his way to freedom through a sewage pipe. He wants to get country freedom.


Monopole antenna with a multiband and wideband characteristics is proposed. The substrate used is RT/Duroid 5880. The antenna has a compact size of 20×24×1 mm3 with an F-shaped slot in its ground plane and a pair of circular and rectangular slots in the upper patch. A wide bandwidth of 172, 1758 and 601 MHz is obtained with a centre frequency of 3.44, 5.28 and 7.12 GHz respectively. In order to achieve a multiband and wideband, the relative positions and dimensions of the slot are adjusted. By IE3D simulation software, the impedance bandwidth and radiation pattern were simulated. The bandwidth of the proposed antenna is wider than the bandwidth of the antenna under reference.


Through this article I shall deal with the Hume's idea that is always irrational to believe a story about a miracle happened. David Hume argues that it is not rational to believe the testimony of a miracle. He believes that this conclusion derives from the principle that a prior failure for a specified event occurs rejects the possibility that the witness of the event is telling the truth. In general terms, this means that the witness is always subject to induction. In that way, as the possibility that a miracle happens, is astronomical in its own definition, we should never believe that someone's story proves it. Many critics have dismissed the evidence that Hume gives us and they are based on probability, not to accept the evidence of these miracles without addressing them on a case by case basis. Despite these criticisms, my goal in this article is to try to see this as an evidence of his consistent so long as we keep in mind what are the definitions of Hume on miracles and natural law. Many of these critics are wrong because they do not take into account what Hume means by miracles and natural law and apply its test in inappropriate cases. DOI: 10.5901/ajis.2013.v2n3p103


The analysis and optimizing design for PHEMT drain mixer circuit in Ka-band is given in this paper. The nonlinear equivalent circuit and its parameters are simulated and obtained from the small signal S-parameter and the DC measurements of the PHEMT device. The drain mixer circuit is designed with optimization, making use of the harmonic balance method and the conversion matrices method. The result shows that the mixer has conversion gain 4 dB at RF 27.4 GHz and LO 33.4 GHz/10 dBm.


S OF THE PROCEEDINGS 387 related species, a phenomenon called phylogenetic inertia, needs to be taken into account. In conclusion, when comparing the welfare of multiple species, it is important to be aware of their biology and evolutionary relationships and to use multiple welfare measures to ensure valid conclusions. Correspondence should be sent to Jeanette Kroshko, Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada. Email: firstname.lastname@example.com Breeding Wildlife to Extinction in China


Ririn Trisnawati Universitas Jenderal Soedirman firstname.lastname@example.com This study explores Indonesian English lecturers' perceptions about English in relation with their identities. Individual interviews were carried out with Indonesian English lecturers at universities in Yogyakarta. The data collected were analysed qualitatively. The results reveal that the lecturers view English as mainly a tool for knowledge advancement and global communication. English is also believed to be enriching the participants' identity as Indonesians. Even though English is seen as a form of imposition, its positive aspects are believed to outstrip its negatives. There is, however, a perceived tension between English and Indonesian, the national language that represents their identities as Indonesians.


The gene of human proinsulin mutant (A21Asn→Gly,B17Leu→Ile, B31Arg, B32Arg, GIRR ) was synthesized and recombinated to the fusion protein expression vector pTXB1 and expressed in E.coli BL21(DE3) with high protein level. The expressed fusion protein was purified by chitin affinity filtration and converted to the mutant of human insulin by trypsin and carboxypeptidase B. The insulin mutant, purified by DEAE-Sephadex A-25, with a purity of 95% determined by HPLC, has an expected amino acid composition. The receptor binding activity of this mutant is 105% of that of standard porcine insulin and its biological activity is 26.8IU/mg. The half-life of the mutant insulin in rabbit plasma is 20 minutes, that is more than three times longer than the half-life of standard porcine insulin. This indicates that the mutant insulin has a longer plasma half-life, it may provide a new way for preparation of long-acting insulin.


289 discourses of criminal justice at the expense of the alternatives, such as restorative justice, and the extent to which the analyses are actually about globalization, rather than simply being comparative case studies – even though there is no harm in that. But it nevertheless makes an important set of conceptual statements. Take children and youth seriously, this is where much of the 'action' of globalization takes place. Take law seriously, as central to all the 'middle-range' institutional settings where social life actually happens. Look at the operation of power both as a constraint and as a resource; although this is now a standard observation to make about power, there remains a tendency to shift the weight of the analysis one way or the other as soon as sociologists get close to any particular empirical example, and accounts such as these that show us how this conceptual injunction can be operationalized, no matter how imperfectly, remain invaluable.


Objective To investigate the level of professional commitment and general well-being in undergraduate nursing interns,and analyze the relationships between them.Methods A total of 428 undergraduate nursing interns in Hunan province were investigated by using specialty commitment scale and general well-being scale,and general data questionnaire.Results The score of professional commitment was (89.68 ± l 1.08) and the total average score was (3.32 ± 0.41).The score of general well-being was (83.96 ±11.17),with the score of boys (91.21 ±9.37) and the girls (83.71 ± 11.15),which all significantly above than that of national norm (t =6.472,23.190 ; P < 0.05).And the level of professional commitment was positively with general well-being among undergraduate nursing students.Conclusions The scores of professional commitment and general well-being in undergraduate nursing students should be improved.The educations of undergraduate nursing students should improve the level of professional commitment by improving the level of general well-being,stabilizing students professional ideas,and reducing the loss of nursing leaving.

Key words:
Professional commitment ;  General well-being;  Undergraduate students;  Interns


Relational verification encompasses information flow security, regression verification, translation validation for compilers, and more. Effective alignment of the programs and computations to be related facilitates use of simpler relational invariants and relational procedure specs, which in turn enables automation and modular reasoning. Alignment has been explored in terms of trace pairs, deductive rules of relational Hoare logics (RHL), and several forms of product automata. This article shows how a simple extension of Kleene Algebra with Tests (KAT), called BiKAT, subsumes prior formulations, including alignment witnesses for forall-exists properties, which brings to light new RHL-style rules for such properties. Alignments can be discovered algorithmically or devised manually but, in either case, their adequacy with respect to the original programs must be proved; an explicit algebra enables constructive proof by equational reasoning. Furthermore our approach inherits algorithmic benefits from existing KAT-based techniques and tools, which are applicable to a range of semantic models.


The purpose of the work was evaluation of the usefulness of brain scintiscanning and EEG in expanding lesions. The material included 144 patients, and primary tumours were found ultimately in 113 cases and secondary tumours in 31 cases. In 66 cases histological examinations were done.


Tube for the A gas slab laser comprises a first electrode having a first electrode inner surface and the (203b) and a second electrode having a second electrode inner surface (203a). The first electrode defines being separated by a first transverse direction from a second electrode, the gap region functioning as a discharge region (205) and (207). Tubes, elongated central channel (209a, 209 b) is further provided with a first and second elongate baffle member being respectively formed (204a, 204b) on its inner surface. Therefore, stand-off region (209a, 209 b) that discharge does not occur is formed. Therefore, stray discharge and / or circumferential laser radiation (211) is prevented from contacting the inner surface of the baffle member (206a, 206 b), the beam point stability by preventing the occurrence of higher-order laser mode it is possible in particular to improve.


Document archiving has always been an important aspect of project management in Departments of Transportation (DOTs). While paper documents made up the majority of documents stored in the past, digital storage is fast becoming the norm. The transformation from paper-based documents to electronic documents is causing some difficulty within DOTs. This article addresses the transformation process by conceptualizing the process to make the conversion as effective as possible, regardless of the current status of a DOTs conversion. With a complete understanding of the three critical components of conversion from paper to digital, those being: organization, conversion, and access, DOTs nationwide can feel confident with outsourcing the conversion of historic documents. While this paper-to-digital process was developed for use in a DOT environment, this strategy can be generalized to any firm looking to adopt or optimize an electronic document repository.


Background Recently postoperative mortality has been found associated with cumulative anesthetic duration of low BIS(bispectral index).It was reported that cumulative deep hypnotic time (cumulative duration of low BIS) was an independent predictor of 1-yr mortality after major noncardiac surgery.Previously a few notable published randomized control trial reports confirmed the mortality-hypnosis association.These reports all derived from secondary analyses of data,which were to evaluate the effect of BIS monitoring on the incidence of intraoperative awareness.Other report found the ICU patients who under sedation experienced burst suppression had a significant higher 6-month mortality rate compared with patients who did not have burst suppression.Objective To discuss whether there will be a connection between cumulative anesthetic duration of low BIS and long term mortality.Content This review briefly demonstrates the relationship between depth of anesthesia and long term mortality.Trend It needs further investigation to recognize the correlation between deep hypnosis and mortality.

Key words:
Depth of anesthesia;  Postoperative long-term mortality;  Bispectral index


[1] A rocket-borne Langmuir probe was flown from an equatorial station Trivandrum (8.5°N, 76.9°E) during nighttime to study the nature of electron density irregularities present in the E region. Irregularities were observed over a large-scale size range (few kilometers to 1 m) in regions of both positive and negative electron density gradients. Amplitudes of irregularities were in the range of 0.01% to 15%. In addition to these, irregularities with scale sizes as small as 13 cm were also detected in 97–104 km altitude region. Spectral indices of irregularities in large-scale (few kilometers > λ > 50 m), medium-scale (50 m > λ > 10 m), and small-scale (10 m > λ > 1 m) size ranges were −1.7 ± 0.1, −2.2 ± 0.4, and −2.7 ± 0.5, respectively. A wind-driven gradient drift instability (GDI) is invoked as the mechanism for irregularities observed in positive gradient regions. The power spectrum of irregularities showed an unusual behavior in 102 ± 1.4 km altitude region, where an almost flat spectrum was observed for the scale size range of 15–120 m. The only other nighttime rocket measurement of irregularities over an equatorial station reported so far in the literature highlighted the presence of irregularities in regions of negative electron density gradients and ascribed these to the electric field driven GDI but did not discuss the mechanism of generation of irregularities with comparable strengths in the positive gradient regions observed in the same flight. Also the present electron density profile did not show sharp layers as reported earlier.


Snake Game is simple game, but in this project, Snake Game has modification
where the snake can spend the way as much as possible and the same way can be
acrossed maximal one more again. Snake and wall will holdered in every place in
board by user.
This project using tree to moving of snake while finding the longest path.
Implementation in tree, this project has four children, it will search from up,
right, down, and then left. All the tree will created also doing searching the
longest path of way that can be across by snake.
Tree as Data Structure and DFS algorithm can solve this project. Because
the pursuit of DFS in here is to find the longest path that can be acrossed by
snake . From the position of snake, doing process of search, if not found wall and
not out size of board, snake will move to spend the way as much as possible while
not blump wall and not acrossing the same way more of twice. If the longest path
found, the game will finish.


Lishiguan Tunnel is a tunnel of Shiman(Shiyan-Manchuanguan)Expressway with small interval.In the tunnel construction there were two landslides occurred.The progress and treatment of the landslide have been ana- lyzed in this paper.The reasons of the landslide,especially for the second landslide,are studied.The elasto-plastic finite element analysis,strength reduction method and ANSYS software are used for the calculation.Some conclusions have been obtained.The analytical results show that the cutting slope at the tunnel mouth should not be too large,so that the mountain body may not be disturbed.Also,the construction technique should be followed and the quality should be guaranteed.If the dangerous cases took place,the consolidated methods should be taken and the dangerous situation may not be enlarged.


Perception management is undeniably one of the critical skills of a master negotiator. While the idea that negotiators should control how their counterparts perceive them has already been examined in literature, there does not exist a strategic model for applying perception management into modern negotiation practice. This article indicates how negotiators can manage how they see themselves and how they feel in ways that can influence others' perceptions of them, in order to increase their inner bargaining power and consequently win negotiations. In view of the above, I introduce the 3-Dimensional Model of Perceptual Management in Negotiation. The model provides a straightforward and user-friendly framework that can be used to prepare for a negotiation or at any time during a negotiation to boost the chances of a successful outcome. Furthermore, this article provides a comprehensive overview of the perceptual process, explains the impact of perceptual selection on negotiation and presents the most common attribution errors. Since perception depends to a large extent on individual inclinations, the article is garnished with visualizations of the theoretical aspects designed for all those to whom images speak louder than words.


The embodiment of the invention provides an advertisement playing method, an intelligent advertisement terminal, a server and a system, relates to the field of advertisement playing, and is applicable to playing of advertisement contents which are matched with the characteristics of different audiences for the audiences. The method comprises the following steps that: the intelligent advertisement terminal acquires the audience characteristics of the audiences and sends the audience characteristics to the server, wherein the audience characteristics comprise at least one of the equipment information of the audiences and the unique identification information of the audiences; the server acquires a first advertisement content which is matched with the audience characteristics from the advertisement contents which are stored by the server according to the audience characteristics, and sends the first advertisement content to the intelligent advertisement terminal; and the intelligent advertisement terminal receives and plays the first advertisement content. The embodiment of the invention is applicable to targeted advertisement playing.


This study was undertaken in the village Shalchura under Nalitabari Thana in Sherpur district where total of 145 study populations (Children) were selected by systematic random sampling. Prevalence of acute respiratory infection (ARI) was seen in 76.6% of study children during last one year most of whom were found to be in the age group 0-5 years. The difference in the prevalence of acute respiratory infection (ARI)  in 0-5 years group compared to prevalence of 6-18 years group were found to be statistically significant. Having a poor or lower medium class socio-economic background, majority of the family used mixture of biomass fuel like wood, crop-residue, cow-dung, saw dust, leaves etc. for cooking purpose. Association with disease symptoms to poor ventilation condition of the house and kitchen were also found to be significant. Another important factor for acute respiratory infection (ARI) symptoms was exposure to biomass fuel at daily cooking time. The disease symptoms tend to increase in 0-5 years group and the children who spent more time in cooking were more exposed to indoor air pollution as they have been showed more incidences of acute respiratory infection (ARI). It was revealed that due to smoking habit of family members and did that inside the living room, increased the occurrence of acute respiratory infection (ARI) among children.  It was also found that use of mosquito's coils and poor living space increased the incidences of acute respiratory infection (ARI) among children. It was revealed that among the children with exposed (ARI) 41(28.8%) were liberated gases enter into their living room during cooking compared to 8 (23.5%) children in the unexposed (non ARI) group. Keyword s : Indoor Air Pollution , Acute respiratory infection, Children, Sherpur, Bangladesh


Praise be to God who taught man what he did not know, and preferred the scholars over the ignorant, by saying in His clear Book: Are those who know and those who do not know equal? And upon his good and pure family and his chosen companions, and after:This research is an attempt to clarify the components of (the adverb sentence), which is one of the most fertile and vital Arabic sentences due to the flexibility of its element added to a previous chain of transmission, which is the element that performs the function of the adverb.Whether the adverb is derived or inanimate, singular or a sentence, its vitality comes from several aspects, perhaps the most prominent of which is: its flexible relationship with the elements of the predicate sentence, and its coming in different forms, including: a noun sometimes derived and solid at other times, indefinite once and similar to knowledge at other times.


Abstract Subband coding (SBC) with vector quantization (VQ) has been shown to be an effective method for coding images at low bit rates. The basic idea of subband coding is to split up the frequency band of the signal and then to encode the subbands. Reconstruction is performed by decoding and merging the interpolated subband images. In VQ, the image to be encoded is first processed to yield a set of vectors. The input vectors are individually quantized to the closest codewords in the codebook. In this paper, we propose a new subband finite-state vector quantization (SBC-FSVQ) scheme that combines the SBC and the FSVQ. The frequency band decomposition of an image is carried out by means of 2D separable quadrature mirror filters (QMFs). In our coding scheme, we split the image spectrum into sixteen equally sized subbands. The FSVQ is used to improve the performance by using the correlations of the neighboring samples in the same subband. Thus, our SBC-FSVQ scheme not only has the advantages of the SBC-VQ scheme but also reduces the bit rate and improves the image quality. Experimental results are given and comparisons are made using our new schemes and some other coding techniques. Our technique yields good PSNR performance, for images both inside and outside a training set of five 512 × 512 images. In the experiments, it is found that our SBC-FSVQ scheme achieves the best PSNR performance at nearly the same bit rate.


This report presents the results of V-value measurements made on eight glazed window systems as part of the DOE "Partners in Technology Programme". The frames measured were i) thermally broken Aluminium frame; ii) Hard wood frame; iii) UPVC frame; iv) high performance thermally broken double window. The frames were measured with different air filled double glazed units with different air gaps, number of low-E coated surfaces, spacer bar systems and with a secondary glazed unit. The measurements were carried out in the NFL Wall Guarded Hot Box using the procedures specified in draft CEN standard prEN 12412-1 and a conventional, "direct" procedure. The results of hot box measurements of two glazed calibration panels, reported in NPL report QMl15, were used to evaluate the window V-values.


Activities for the comprehension and development of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) include analysis of multiple disciplines including mechanical engineering, electronic engineering, systems engineering and computer science. This work presents a comprehensive and applicable methodology for the initial activities of the development process of CPS. This methodology displays the capacity to describe and enable detailed analysis of the relevant properties of these systems as, for example, time specification, resources, communication and non-functional properties of CPS. In this research, two consolidated approaches of Model-Based Engineering are used in a combined way for proposing a methodology for requirements analysis, modeling and formal specification of CPS. Initially, a strategy for the definition, modeling, specification, and categorization of requirements in a tabular way is proposed. From the system definition in a high abstraction level, the SysML Requirements diagram is extended by using UML profile MARTE/VSL for formalization of restrictions, annotations and stereotypes in the model. Initial results of the application of the proposed methodology are presented by means of a case study of the Industrial Packing System.


It is known that a secret sharing scheme (SSS) with perfect cheating detection cannot be realized because such a SSS requires infinite share rates. However, this impossibility comes from the fact that block coding is not used and any decoding error is not allowed in the SSS. Hence, in this paper, we consider a SSS constructed by block coding with an arbitrarily small decoding error probability. It is shown that the perfect cheating detection with finite rates is possible for the 2-out-of-2 SSS in a certain asymptotic sense. Furthermore, the supremum of the achievable exponent in the maximum success probability of impersonation attack turns out to be the mutual information between the two shares.


This speech discusses housing, health and energy efficiency. It was presented at the conference on sustainability and energy efficiency for social housing providers in 2001.


PURPOSE: A method for fabricating multi-purpose functional non-woven fabric is provided to ensure excellent thermal stability and conductivity. CONSTITUTION: A method for fabricating multi-purpose functional non-woven fabric comprises: a step of mixing unwinding carbon fibers and mixing the carbon fibers with cotton in a weight ratio of 7:3-8:2 to prepare carbon fiber cotton; a step of mixing the carbon fiber cotton and natural cotton and cotton beating; a step of injecting the cotton into a carding machine, laminating, and needle-punching; and a step of performing flame retardant and resist printing treatment, dehydrating, and drying.


Agile, lean processes have become the de-facto way to operate in the domain of software intensive products. Methodologies such as the lean startup are reshaping the way new companies and even well-established enterprises seek new opportunities in their operations. In contrast, in research, little has changed during that time – organizations that fund research still expect a solid, linear research plan. In this paper, we present an attempt to challenge this model in software research, based on 7 years of experiences in two large, national, industry-led projects that followed a more agile mindset. Furthermore, we also provide an insight to key learnings and best practices of running software research in agile fashion.


Theoretical flame temperature is considered as one of the important parameters which reflect the thermal state of a hearth.A new model with the detailed explanation of each parameter was presented for calculating the theoretical flame temperature.Based on this model,a computer program was developed in order to calculate easily.The calculation results of theoretical flame temperature show that compared with traditional models the new model can reflect the thermalt sate of a hearth more effectively.


We describe a single-pass technique for the independent measurement of optical modal gain and internal mode loss in semiconductor lasers structures using a single, multi-section device which gives the loss and the gain spectrum in absolute units and over a wide current range. Comparison of the transverse electric and transverse magnetic polarized gain spectra also identifies the transparency point, provides the quasi-Fermi level energy separation and a second means for determination of the mode loss. Measurements are described for AlGaInP quantum well laser structures with emission wavelengths close to 670 nm, yielding an internal loss of 10 cm-1 and peak gain values up to 4000 cm-1 for current densities up to 4 kAcm-2. We have also made an independent measurement of the spontaneous emission spectrum through a top-contact window on the same device structure and have converted this to local gain using the usual thermodynamical relationship. By this means we have been able to confirm the validity of this relation between gain and emission for excited semiconductor structures of this type.


This paper presents the preliminary development of a full scale, portable, modular, fully autonomous parallel wire crane that is intended to be used for rescue operations. This design is innovative in terms of flexibility for managing the location of the anchor points of the cables on the ground and on the platform, the possibility of partial platform location control through the management of the kinematics with less than 6 cables and the availability of on-board sensors allowing to possibly locate victims through thermal imaging and to transmit physiological data on the victims while they are still moving toward a safe area.


At a workshop recently with sixty members of the Summer Institute of Linguistics in the Philippines I heard some names which I could not identify. Who was Clancy! I could not locate him (or was it "her"?). Which of my unidentified colleagues was Barrister! My perplexity increased when I learned that Clancy was a fusion of the first names of Clarice Strong and Nancy Howison; Barnster a fusion of the surnames of Myra Lou Barnard and Janette Forster. Why the composite names? The girls sharing these names were quick to show delight at their ingenuity and usefulness. The meaning of these name composites lies in their sociological relevance. Barnard and Forster are partners. They live for months at a time (as do other pairs of single girls) in one of the tribal villages of the islands, studying the local vernacular. The pair is supplied with food shipments, private-plane flights, and diplomatic services in the capitol through the Institute staff. In the finance office the posting of service charges against their tribal hut and project became redundant one-half to Barnard, one-half to Forster (and, comparably, one-half to Clarice, one-half to Nancy). Other charges shared by them are levied against their second cottage, their "base house", built on property at the southern headquarters site of the Institute. In this second cottage they live when they periodically leave the tribal village for concentrated writing at the base. The Institute's finance office, plagued by constant binary componentializing, requested permission to open up a separate joint account for each such pair, with charge totals to be split to individual personal accounts only once each month. Composite names were assigned by the office or chosen by the girls as labels for these special accounts on the financial books.


Magnetic excitations of the filled skutterudite $\mathrm{Pr}{\mathrm{Ru}}_{4}{\mathrm{P}}_{12}$ exhibiting a metal-insulator (M-I) transition at ${T}_{\mathrm{M}\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{I}}=63\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$ were studied by inelastic neutron scattering experiment. The spectra at temperatures much lower than ${T}_{\mathrm{M}\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{I}}$ are described as well-defined crystal-field excitations. With approaching ${T}_{\mathrm{M}\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{I}}$, the excitation peaks broaden and shift considerably together with the temperature variation of the carrier number and the atomic displacement in the transition. The $4f$ electron states evolve from the well-localized state in the insulator phase to the strongly hybridized itinerant state by $p\text{\ensuremath{-}}f$ mixing near ${T}_{\mathrm{M}\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{I}}$. The hybridization is responsible for the M-I transition of $\mathrm{Pr}{\mathrm{Ru}}_{4}{\mathrm{P}}_{12}$.


This paper describes the method of applying the concept of trigonometrics in the synchronous detection method to measure and calculate the reference active source current in an unbalanced three-phase system for an active power filter. A new approach based on the synchronous detection method is proposed for a three-phase four-wire system to achieve the reference active source current with pure sinusoidal, in-phase to source voltage and no neutral line current. The proposed method is formulated with strong supports of simulation results and test results with circuit hardware implementations.<<ETX>>


Identifying primary environmental drivers mediating the quantity and quality of sedimentary organic matter (OM) in climate‐sensitive alpine lakes is crucial to understanding the role of alpine lakes in greenhouse gas emissions and Earth's climate system. Here, we characterized various pools of OM of 20 alpine lakes across the Tibetan Plateau, including bulk OM, water‐soluble OM and alkaline‐extracted OM from surface sediments, and dissolved OM (DOM) from surface water. The total organic carbon (TOC) content in sediments was low (< 3%), and δ13C of TOC and C : N ratios indicated limited allochthonous carbon inputs. Sedimentary water‐soluble OM and alkaline‐extracted OM were both dominated by low‐molecular‐weight, low‐aromaticity compounds with low contributions of terrestrial humic substances, suggesting that sedimentary leachable OM was primarily regulated by in‐lake sources and processes. Redundancy analysis showed that water depth, water transparency, and total phosphorus concentration in water column explained ~ 50% variance of sedimentary bulk and leachable OM, substantiating the importance of autochthonous sources and primary productivity in regulating the quantity and quality of sedimentary OM. Compared with lake surface water DOM, water‐soluble OM and alkaline‐extracted OM from sediments had higher proportions of terrestrial humic‐like substances, suggesting preferential preservation of allochthonous materials in sediments. Our results are the first to demonstrate a clear link between physical attributes and sedimentary OM in Tibetan lakes. The associated relations predict that the amount of total OM and autochthonous carbon preserved in sediments would increase due to the lake enlargement under the scenarios of climate warming and precipitation enhancement, which may amplify greenhouse gas emissions from Tibetan lakes.


With the development of molecular biology, liquid biopsy has been the hot spot in the research of tumor precision therapy. Liquid biopsy technology has been found having high value in areas such as diagnosis, treatment and evaluation of tumor. Compared with traditional tissue biopsy, liquid biopsy technology is not only less invasive and can be performed repea-tedly at various times to monitor tumor in real time, but it also has a distinct advantage in reflecting the heterogeneity of tumor. This review introduced circulating tumor cell (CTC) and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) which was the most studied in liquid biopsy, mainly focusing on the detection technology and application in esophageal cancer.

Key words:
Esophageal neoplasms; Translational medicine; Liquid biopsy technology; Circulating tumor cell; Circulating tumor DNA; Diagnosis; Therapy


Toxic effects of five compounds, Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki, Abamectin, Fipronil, Pyriproxyfen and Beauveria bassiana were evaluated on the green lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea under laboratory conditions by direct and indirect techniques. Indirect treatment was dependent on applying each of the tested compounds on eggs of Sitotroga carealella, then feeding C. carnea larvae on the treated eggs. Chrysoperla carnea, larval mortalities were 6.76, 26.67, 15.83, 33.33 and 26.66 % 7 days after feeding on eggs treated with B. thuringiensis, Abamectin, Fipronil, Pyriproxyfen and B. bassiana, respectively, compared to 6.67 % among the control larvae . Larval durations increased from 7.67 days in control to, 11.0, 9.33, 7.93, 9.03, 9.67 days for the treated larvae, respectively. Pupation rates were 40, 46.67, 0.0, 0.0 and 40 % also, adults emergence rates were 33.34, 28.57, 0.0, 0.0 and 66.67 %, respectively opposed to 93.34 and 92.86 % for the control. Direct treatments were made by direct spraying on C. carnea eggs with the recommended concentration of each of the five compounds. The highest hatchability percentage was 100 % in the control while the lowest was 12 % in Pyriproxyfen treatment. Also the longest incubation period was 5.33 days in B. thuringiensis treatment, while the lowest was 2.8 days in the control. Larval mortality was highest (82.5 %) in Fipronil, while the shortest 6.67 % occurred with B. thuringiensis treated eggs compared with 6.67 % in the control. Pupal mortality was highest (100 %) in Abamectin and Fipronil treatments, while it was the lowest (15 %) in B. thuringiensis treatment compared with 11.76 % in the control.


The image of moon is one of the most common images.The moonimage has gradually formed the conventional meanings through the repeated use and the meanings have become ordinary and inheritable to the people.The moonimage by means of conventionalization has the following connotations:mainly,reunion and longing,native place,eternity,and happiness.


Standards of care for research subjects are a crucial topic in bioethics. Some researchers argue that research subjects in developing countries should have the same standards of care as those in the country sponsoring the research; otherwise it would constitute a form of exploitation. Nevertheless, universal standards do not recognize cultural differences in health. We argue that Positivism, the philosophical basis of universal standards, turns upside down one of the main mottos of medicine, which is that "there are patients and not illnesses". Hence, an anthropological model of medicine and a philosophy that includes the Lebenswelt (world-of-life) would offer a framework more suitable than positivism for the discussion about standards of care. Though some ethical international guidelines confirm the obligation to use universal standards, there is some vagueness in their rules. It would be recommended that ethics guidelines leave a gap for exceptions in relation with the use of universal standards. These exceptions must be strongly justified and ethical committees must play a crucial role in deciding about them as well as in making possible the dialogue between researchers and public health authorities in order to establish diagnostic and treatment guidelines according to local necessities and preferences.


SUMMARY: Although acute renal ischaemia alters the production of various paracrines, there has been little investigation examining the role of intrarenal vasoactive substances. In the present study, we investigated the role of intrarenal nitric oxide and prostaglandins in modulating the acute renal hypoperfusion‐induced alterations in renal function. After a 90% clipping of the left renal artery for 60 min, the clip was released, and the renal haemodynamics and sodium excretion were evaluated in both clipped and non‐clipped kidneys of anaesthetized dogs. Furthermore, the changes in renal contents of nitrate/nitrite (NOx) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were assessed by using the renal microdialysis technique. The release of the clipping elicited a gradual recovery of renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration rate, and a sustained increase in fractional sodium excretion (FENa) in the clipped kidney. Renal interstitial NOx was reduced in both the cortex (from 8.2 ± 1.1 to 2.5 ± 0.3 µmol/L, P < 0.01) and medulla (from 10.1 ± 0.9 to 3.1 ± 0.2 µmol/L, P < 0.01), but the levels gradually elevated after declamping. The treatment with nitro‐l‐arginine methylester only modestly impaired the recovery of renal plasma flow (RPF; at hour 4) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR; at hours 3 and 4 after declamping), without affecting FENa. Conversely, the renal PGE2 levels increased prominently upon the onset of ischaemia (medulla, from 149 ± 19 to 378 ± 39 pg/mL, P < 0.01; cortex, from 107 ± 13 to 302 ± 34 pg/mL, P < 0.01). Furthermore, the pretreatment with a non‐specific cyclo‐oxygenase (COX) inhibitor, sulpyrine, and a COX‐2‐specific inhibitor, NS398, prominently inhibited the increases in FENa induced by the acute renal arterial clipping in a similar manner. In conclusion, in acute renal hypoperfusion, nitric oxide (NO) plays a permissive role in the recovery of the renal haemodynamics. In contrast, sustained increases in renal PGE2 in both clipped and non‐clipped kidneys indicate that the COX‐2‐mediated PGE2 contributes importantly to the failure of the sodium reabsorption in response to acute renal hypoperfusion.


Purpose: To achieve the higher success rate of Dacryocystorhinostomy, Adjunctively, Mitomycin C has been widely used. There have been many complications with the administration of mitomycin C, such as delayed wound healing, wound infection and recurrent nasal bleeding. We are reporting a case of fungal infection in the nasal cavity after the administration of mitomycin C in the endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy. Methods: Under the general anesthesia, 63 year old female patient underwent endoscopic Dacryocystorhinostomy. At the end of this operation, a piece of neurosurgical cottonoid soaked with 0.04% mitomycin C was applied at the osteotomy site for 30 mins. During the postoperative follow-up, we executed incisional biopsy for some mass-like lesion in nasal cavity. Results: Pathologic finding of inflammatory fibrinoid exudate due to Candida albicans was found. The evacuation of the mass was carried out without postoperative recurrence.


Abstract This article explores the coping strategies of Singapore Malay-Muslim immigrants in Melbourne, Australia in the light of a variety of challenges faced by Muslims in the West. We argue that Singapore Malay-Muslim immigrants have integrated into their host societies through a "reshaping of their mental lifeworld", which constitutes a few elements. First, through viewing daily challenges and stresses in positive and optimistic terms. Second, they appreciated Australia as a space for growth, family life, and exploration. Third, they kept their minds open to any types of employment opportunities that come in their way in order to sustain their lives in a new country. Fourth, they used their faith as sources of strength in the face of challenges in obtaining jobs and overcoming other stresses. Finally, reshaping mental lifeworld involves imagining Australia as their newfound home, without totally negating Singapore as a site that their roots were initially planted.


Studies on resistance of field beans to Empoasca Rraemeri (Ilosfs and Moore) have been conducted for several years with the purpose of identifying sources of resistance to be used in breeding programs. One of the phases of these studies includes the process of counting and recording the number of n3niiphae on leaves. Estimates of means and variance were obtained from these data in order to investigate how close the countings approached the Poisson distribution.


For the class of Lacunary polynomials P (z) = anz+ ∑n ν=μ an−νz n−ν , 1 ≤ μ ≤ n, of degree n having all their zeros in |z| ≤ k where k ≤ 1, Aziz and Shah [6] proved for each r > 0