Felsenstein (1973, 1978, 1981) and other workers have advocated the method of maximum likelihood (ML) for estimating phylogenetic trees from discrete character data, particularly nucleotide sequences, in part because it is thought to be consistent, i.e., it will converge on the true tree as more and more data are accumulated. In contrast, the method of maximum parsimony is known to converge, under certain conditions, on the wrong tree as more data are added (Felsenstein, 1978). Felsenstein's (1973) argument for the consistency of the ML method was based on earlier work (Wald, 1949) that demonstrated that maximum likelihood estimation of statistical parameters, such as means, variances, etc., is consistent under a wide variety of conditions. This work also guarantees the consistency of the ML estimate of the branch lengths of a phylogenetic tree, given the correct tree topology and nucleotide substitution model. However, as pointed out by several workers (e.g., Nei, 1987:325; Saitou, 1988; Yang, 1994, 1996; Yang et al, 1995; Russo et al., 1996), these attributes do not guarantee the consistency of the ML method for estimating the tree topology. The usual ML method for estimating a tree involves finding the ML branch lengths for a given tree topology and substitution model, repeating the process for several to many other topologies, and then selecting the topology with the highest ML value as the best estimate of the true tree (Felsenstein, 1981). Yang (1994:329-330) wrote that


The KCJ has been published continually for 41 years, with its first issue being released on June 25, 1971. As a result of the increase in the frequency and size of publication, 2000 copies of the English version are issued twelve times a year and are sent to the members and libraries of domestic/foreign colleges. The publication homepage (www.e-kcj.org) and the online homepage (www.submission.e-kcj.org) of the KCJ would be proud websites for submissions and searches of manuscripts at an international level. It was recently amended as a journal that included author information, a cover page, and inner pages to meet international standards.


Results: The surgeon as a member of the oncology team has an important role in planning the treatment strategy and removal of tumor, which is major surgery. Because of the complexity and involvement of many disciplines in the therapy of children's cancer these patients should be treated in centers of excellence. Conclusions: Challenges remain in the identification of histological and molecular risk factors, stratification of treatment intensity for safe reduction in chemotherapy and radiotherapy and avoidance of late sequelae including secondary malignancies.


A feasibility study is in progress at NASA Glenn Research Center to implement a magnetic suspension and balance system in the 225 sq cm Supersonic Wind Tunnel for the purpose of testing the dynamic stability of blunt bodies. An important area of investigation in this study was determining the optimum size of the model and the iron spherical core inside of it. In order to minimize the required magnetic field and thus the size of the magnetic suspension system, it was determined that the test model should be as large as possible. Blockage tests were conducted to determine the largest possible model that would allow for tunnel start at Mach 2, 2.5, and 3. Three different forebody model geometries were tested at different Mach numbers, axial locations in the tunnel, and in both a square and axisymmetric test section. Experimental results showed that different model geometries produced more varied results at higher Mach Numbers. It was also shown that testing closer to the nozzle allowed larger models to start compared with testing near the end of the test section. Finally, allowable model blockage was larger in the axisymmetric test section compared with the square test section at the same Mach number. This testing answered key questions posed by the feasibility study and will be used in the future to dictate model size and performance required from the magnetic suspension system.


In this paper we briefly review the high pressure Raman studies on single and double walled carbon nanotubes focussing on the perssure dependence of the low frequency radial breathing vibrational modes. Previous work on single walled carbon nanotube bundles have shown that the normalized pressure‐induced frequency shift, Φ = (1/ωR) (dωR/dP) ∼ D2, where ωR is the radial mode frequency and D is the nanotube diameter. We show here that the R‐modes due to the inner tubes in double walled carbon nanotubes, have a very small, diameter independent value for Φ, as predicted for the case of isolated tubes. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


One of the greatest difficulties that teachers currently encounter in their classes is maintaining student attention and interest. This paper is presented as part of the initial phase of a project that aims to train teachers in initial training in the use of various educational strategies and methodologies, one of which is the Escape Room. This is an exploratory study of a descriptive-interpretative nature with 2nd, 3rd and 4th year-students from the Degree on Primary Education (n=155). A 17 items questionnaire was administered that combined multiple choice questions with open questions for exploring participants' views on various didactic and methodological aspects. Results show participants consider Escape Rooms a highly motivational activity that enhances group cohesion as well as the inclusion of all students. They are also though to foster significant learning and to be easily implemented in the Primary Education classroom.


Since 2000,U.S.,U.K,and Japan have made series of public sport policies and gained rich implementation experience. The paper proposes to improve the lawful and practical policy design,construct the model of cross-department cooperation and cross-field participation and improve monitoring and evaluation system.


Education is the fundamental tool for changing the world and we are all capable and motivated to learn if we set out to do so, regardless of age and previous knowledge acquired. It is for this reason that, as teachers, we have to try to fight to advance and learn in our profession, because being teachers in this changing society means that we are updated and in constant training. Nowadays, it is very important to incorporate ICTs in schools as a new tool in the classroom, since they have an essential value and a very positive impact on present and future generations of this digital age. Thus, digital competence, incorporated in Decree 38/2008, is a necessary part of Treball Final de Grau Belén Gual Monferrer Curs 2017/2018 2 today's education and must always be present, because it is relevant for all citizens living in society. And that is why we want to reach ACTs, using technological tools for future learning. During the internship, research has been carried out to investigate whether or not children in the second cycle of infancy, more specifically those aged 5, are capable of exercising computational thinking through educational robotics. And to prove it, the students have been offered a robotic challenge that includes 7 different levels and in which the fundamental tool is the programming language, materialized through the Bee-Bot robot. In order to carry out the robotic challenge, there has been a lot of hard work and perseverance on the part of the students over the weeks. During this time, we have worked with different materials on different curricular areas, but always with the main objective of working on computational thinking through educational robotics. Will all students be able to overcome the proposed robotic challenge? Will they learn to work with the programming language?


It has long been a significant challenge to improve the performance of flexible wireless power transfer. This paper proposes a novel controlled resonance power architecture for use in weakly coupled systems with less power processing stages, and investigates the basic design principles and implementation in power management ICs. Experiments show efficiency improvements in the range of 20-30% in practical applications.


We propose a high gain planar antenna based on zero refractive index metamaterials. Using the S-parameter retrieval methods, the metamaterial structure realized the zero refractive index at 12.8 GHz. The simulation of the antenna with the optimized superstrate show that the zero refractive index metamaterial has a converging effect on the beam, which enhance the directivity of the planar antenna. It is demonstrated that, the gain of antenna with zero refractive index metamaterials is about 1.5 dB higher than that without the zero refractive index metamaterials.


Appropriate eye and skin protection is a prerequisite for the safe operation of He-Ne laser in industrial and laboratory environments. This article reports on the measurement of the optical parameters of Poly(tetrafluoroethylene-perfluorovinyl ether) grafted by acrylic acid and complexed with Cu(II) when exposed to He-Ne laser beam of wavelength of 632.8 nm and power 12.5 mW. Transmittance, reflectance, and refractive index spectra are presented. The study showed that the material has a protective level 4. Environmental conditions like thermal and fading processes were tested. This suggested that the material preserves its protective features as a protective eye and skin barrier of protective level L4. This was applied for an occupational working time up to 8 h, temperature up to 50°C, and for a time of 74 days after laser irradiation.


Firstly 24 car-bicycle crash accident cases are chosen from traffic accident database built up by in-depth survey to conduct accident reconstruction based on multi-body dynamics model for car-bicycle crash. Then on this base the correlations of the dynamic response process and head impact conditions (speed, duration and angle of head impact) of cyclist with car impact speed under typical crash pattern are analyzed, and the injury distribution of different parts of cyclist body and the risks of head injury and lower limb fracture are further studied. The results indicate that the head wrap around distance, the speed, duration and angle of impact of cyclist have a rather strong correlation with car impact speed. Car impact speed and throw out distance of cyclists has a great effect on cyclist's injury. The risks of head AIS 2+, head AIS 3+ injury and lower limb fracture of cyclist have a significant correlation with car impact speed.


Background: Prion diseases are neurodegenerative disorders which ultimately results in the death of their victims. They are caused by structural transformation of cellular prion (PrP C ) to its β-rich and anomalous isoform (PrP Sc ) and the accumulation of amyloid fibrillar deposits in the central nervous system. The precise mechanism underling this conversion is yet to be well understood. This study aimed to investigate the effect of non physiological temperatures on the misfolding mechanism of the human prion protein. Materials and Methods: The crystal structure of human prion protein (90-231), (PDB code: 2Lej) in pdb format was used as a starting structure in this study. Three model structures of this coordinate structure were used separately to simulate PrP C at 27 C  , 37 C  and 47 C  . Molecular dynamic simulations were then performed using double-precision MPI version of GROMACS 4.5.5 for 10 ns and the results were analyzed using SPSS software, SPDBV and VebLab programs. Results: The change of temperature from 37 C


This study investigates shopping value resonance as a novelty concept that can bridge monetary promotion to purchase intentions on e-commerce platforms. Previous research has revealed that monetary promotion does not affect purchase intentions. The data was collected through a survey of 426 respondents who had shopped online in the form of home appliances and domiciled in Central Java, Indonesia. The data is analyzed using the Structural Equation Model PLS. The results show that monetary promotion has a significant and positive effect on purchase intention and shopping value resonance. Furthermore, shopping value resonance positively affects purchase intention. All the hypotheses are confirmed. The role of shopping value resonance as a mediation of monetary promotion and purchase intention is proven. Companies engaged in e-commerce can increase monetary promotion (e.g., discounts) through shopping value resonance, so that customer shopping on e-commerce is more comfortable and fun. This will have an impact on increasing purchase intentions. The findings suggest the need for companies to create monetary added value in their promotional activities considered useful by their customers.


Sampling from high-dimensional distributions is a fundamental problem in statistical research and practice. However, great challenges emerge when the target density function is unnormalized and contains isolated modes. We tackle this difficulty by fitting an invertible transformation mapping, called a transport map, between a reference probability measure and the target distribution, so that sampling from the target distribution can be achieved by pushing forward a reference sample through the transport map. We theoretically analyze the limitations of existing transport-based sampling methods using the Wasserstein gradient flow theory, and propose a new method called TemperFlow that addresses the multimodality issue. TemperFlow adaptively learns a sequence of tempered distributions to progressively approach the target distribution, and we prove that it overcomes the limitations of existing methods. Various experiments demonstrate the superior performance of this novel sampler compared to traditional methods, and we show its applications in modern deep learning tasks such as image generation. The programming code for the numerical experiments is available at https://github.com/yixuan/temperflow.


Based on measurement error of observation nodes is commom in mechanical system fault detection, but the traditional denoising method has many shortcomings. This paper introduce the Gibbs sampling method, which can be used to denoise and eliminate measurement error for node discreted information. We discuss it, and expect some promotion in practical application.


In this paper, we investigate how consulting professionals handle the expectations of excellence that are coming from both their clients and their firms as well as the individual strategies they go on to develop in relation with their initial motivations to join consulting and the evolution of their career. This study is based on the in-depth analysis of 25 work histories of consultants and former consultants - from junior consultant to partner - working or having worked for 12 different consulting firms. We found that consultants make a consistent description of the system they evolve in, no matter the company, in that it appears to organise excellence through the combination of a consulting ideal, multiple contradictory expectations and constant and ambiguous evaluation. We have found that depending on their initial motivations to become consultants, individuals can develop three different strategies: competition, compromise or rupture. We have then identified patterns in professional trajectories according to these 3 basic strategies. We finally discuss our results in terms of individual tenability and performance of the "Up or Out" system.


This study aims to 1) Knowing access to social resources consisting of education and health of the poor in Bonedaa Village, 2) Knowing access to natural resources consisting of water and land for the poor in Bonedaa Village. This research was conducted in Boneda Village, South Suwawa District, Bone Bolango Regency in December 2021 with a total sample of 63 people. The research method used is the analytical survey method used, namely descriptive statistics. The results of this study indicate that the data analysis that has been carried out on the access of the poor based on access to education services for the community in Bonedaa Village, South Suwawa District amounted to 63 people with each percentage of 25%, health services also for the community in Bonedaa Village amounted to 63 people with a percentage of 14.48% each, access to natural resources (water) whose energy is used has an effect on the community totaling 63 people with each presentation of 20%, access to natural resources (land/land) whose energy is also used for the community totaled 63 people with each presentation of 16.66%.


ABsTRAcr.-Response rates of Red-shouldered Hawks (Buleo lineatus) and Red-tailed Hawks (B. jamaicensis) to broadcast vocalizations in suitable/marginal Red-shouldered Hawk habitat indicated that the species was not completely isolated by habitat. Red-shouldered Hawk responses were not dependent on the time of day, but occurred more frequently near larger wetlands (> 10 ha). Sixteen active nests were found in a 7200-ha survey area representing the densest nesting population reported (0.22 nests/ 100 ha). Macrohabitats of 14 Red-shouldered Hawk nest sites were compared to 64 unused sites. Results revealed preferences for wetlands, stream bottomlands, small forest openings (owing to wetlands), and coniferous and mixed forest habitats but avoidance of suburban, open water, and deciduous forest habitats. Received 30 July 1991, accepted 12 Jan. 1992.


[Objective]To study the Smads involved in TGF-β1signaling transduction at the transcription level during the development of liver fibrosis and after treatment with praziquantel and interferon-gamma(IFN-γ)in the BALB/c mice infected by schistosoma japoncium.[Methods]BALB/c mice infected with cercariae of Schistosoma japonicum were used as liver fibrosis model.The infected mice were divided randomly into three groups at 16 week after saline :solution group,praziquantel group and praziquantel combined with IFN-γgroup.Liver specimen were got at 8week post-infection.A part of liver specimen were preserved for pathologic examination and the other was frozen for the detection of the mRNA level of Smad2,Smad3,Smad4,Smad7 and IFN-γ.[Results] The degree of liver fibrosis did not improve after chemotherapy with praziquantel compared with the saline group.There was no difference of Smad2 mRNA between the group treated with praziquantel and the model group while the mRNA level of Smad3,Smad4 and Smad7 remained consistent with the normal.The level of IFN-γ mRNA increased after treatment with praziquantel.When praziquantel combined with IFN-γ,the degree of liver fibrosis improved significantly though it still remained higher compared with the normal mice.Smad2 mRNA was still in lower level.It was worth seeing that Smad7mRNA and Smad3 mRNA increased significantly.The mRNA level of Smad4 and IFN-γremained consistent with the control group.[Conclusion ]The mechanism of anti-fibrosis of praziquantel combined with IFN-γ may increase the level of Smad7 while the reduction of smad2 mRNA and the increase of Smad3 mRNA may cause liver fibrosis not to resolve fully.


High kinetic barriers associated with the oxidation of water to O2 [4,5] and the common use of high-cost electrocatalytic materials are among the challenges that limit the utility of photoelectrochemical energy storage. Improved electrocatalysts that operate at lower overpotential and avoid the use of expensive precious-metal or rare-earth elements are needed. While valuable progress is being made toward this goal, the rational design of optimal catalysts from first principles remains infeasible, and the number of possible catalyst compositions, even those with well-defined metal stoichiometry, far exceeds the number that can be tested in a traditional sequential fashion. Combinatorial methods can play an important role in the discovery of new electrocatalysts, and we describe herein a fluorescence-based assay for spatially resolved, direct detection of O2 across an array of metal-oxide electrocatalysts. Initial implementation of this technique has led to the identification of new electrocatalysts, which are composed entirely of earth-abundant elements (e.g., Ni/Al/ Fe) and warrant further investigation. Combinatorial methods for the discovery of electrocatalysts have been pursued previously. For example, a soluble fluorescent pH indicator has been used to screen electrocatalysts for reactions that consume or generate protons, including water oxidation mediated by platinum-group-metal electrocatalysts. Potential complications with this method include the use of poorly buffered electrolytes to ensure sensitivity to pH changes, and the instability of organic pHsensitive fluorophores under conditions required for water oxidation. Various combinatorial approaches have been used to probe photoelectrocatalytic performance of mixed-metaloxide materials. In most of these assays, the oxides are required to act simultaneously as a light-harvesting semiconductor and as the electrocatalyst for one or both watersplitting half-reactions. The most efficient PECs, however, will probably integrate separate photovoltaic (PV) and catalytic materials. Therefore, we targeted an assay that would enable rapid assessment of electrocatalysts for water oxidation independent of the other PEC functions. Catalysts discovered by such methods could then be used in indirect PECs (Figure 1A) or developed further for integration with PV semiconductors in direct PECs (Figure 1B). The essential feature of electrocatalytic water oxidation is O2 production, and an ideal catalyst-screening assay would directly monitor O2 evolution. In addition, a fluorescencebased assay seemed appealing because such methods are often compatible with parallel, rather than serial, analysis of activity, and they avoid the need for costly specialized analytical instrumentation. Fluorescent pressure-sensitive paints are well suited to meet these criteria. These paints are used in the automobile and aerospace industries to study aerodynamics in wind tunnels, and their utility arises from the sensitivity of their fluorescence intensity to the partial pressure of O2 (pO2). [23] Quantitative measurements are improved by incorporating two fluorophores into the paint, one that is insensitive to O2 as a background reference, and another that exhibits fluorescence quenching in proportion to the pO2. Our assay takes advantage of a commercially Figure 1. Schematic representations of indirect (A) and direct (B) PEC configurations for water splitting. The former employs a PV solar cell coupled to an electrolysis cell, whereas the latter features direct integration of the electrocatalysts with the charge-separating PV semiconductor.


A new method based on gray-natural logarithm ratio bilateral filtering is presented for image smoothing in this work. A new gray-natural logarithm ratio range filter kernel, leading to adaptive magnitude from image gray distinction information, is pointed out for the bilateral filtering. The new method can not only well restrain noise but also keep much more weak edges and details of an image, and preserve the original color transition of color images. Experimental results show the effectiveness for image denoising with our method.


The practice of clinical medicine and the science of epidemiology in Britain have been radically transformed over the last 20 years. With significant numbers of immigrants from both the West Indies and the Indian sub-continent, now living mainly in inner city areas, few clinicians can fail to be aware of the special problems of these minority groups. Diseases once considered rare in Britain including rickets, malaria and tuberculosis have returned and are relatively common in Asians. Sickle cell disease in West Indians is also an important medical emergency. Some of these diseases are imported and some are contracted after arrival. The pathogenesis of some may be at least in part associated with urban overcrowding often in poor areas. What is important is that some diseases, such as rickets, develop in immigrants after they arrive, and others are found in only one of the main ethnic minorities. Both West Indians and Asians share the psycho-social stress of immigration and relative deprivation when compared with whites. The response in terms of morbidity in the 2 groups of immigrants is, however, widely different. Black people, mainly from Jamaica have fewer diseases which are distinctive to them and this may be because they come from a relatively more westernized country. There remains, however, the continuing mystery of hypertension in blacks. No clinician can fail to notice the high prevalence and severity of essential hypertension in blacks. The increased susceptibility of blacks to raised blood pressure may be due partly to genetic and partly to environmental factors. From a practical point of view, the large numbers of blacks suffering premature strokes provides a continuing challenge. In addition to the clinical importance of ethnic differences in common disease, there is also the epidemiological view to be considered. Many epidemiological hypotheses on the cause of coronary heart disease and stroke depend on the comparison of widely different population groups. These inter-community differences are then extrapolated to provide explanations of the aetiology of diseases in single populations. The main problem with international epidemiological analyses is that there are always many variables including differences in fashion of diagnoses, the manner of reporting and documentation and multiple environmental factors which confound such studies. In Britain today, with 3 ethnic groups (black, Asian and white) present in significant numbers, we are in a position to conduct epidemiological comparisons between ethnic groups but avoid the problems of international comparisons. A study of the ethnic differences in common disease in Britain may well provide clues to previously unrecognized risk factors which would not have been apparent in a study of whites alone. There is, therefore, an epidemiological spin-off for the indigenous population from these ethnic studies. There is some urgency here to obtain reliable data, because in national morbidity and mortality statistics racial or ethnic origin is not recorded. The only information in hospital records or death certificates is place of birth. At present, place of birth is a reasonably reliable indicator of race in patients over the age of 30 years. With increasing numbers of black and Asian children being born in this country, place of birth will cease to be a useful indicator of race. From the point of view of epidemiological research it is a pity that demograplhical and clinical data on patients are not classified, as in America, on the basis of ethnic origin. This is a politically sensitive issue where scientific opportunities are being lost. In view of the clinical problems of immigrants and the fascinating epidemiological information that study of these problems provides, a special conference was held in the Birmingham Medical Institute and the proceedings of this are published in the present issue of the Postgraduate Medical Journal.


Patients with multiple diminutive (≤5 mm) nonadvanced adenomas (NAAs) are an expanding group given the focus on increasing adenoma detection at


This paper deals with the resolution of the personnel assignment problem and the selection of the off-work
groups of employees belonging to a certain sector of a major textile industry. This is a problem of great importance
for most organizations, since it is fundamental to assign the set of available workers, with distinct levels of
skill and qualification, to the best suitable tasks. Hence, a multidimensional assignment model was built, taking
into account the operational and functional particularities of the sector, as well as considering the benefit of assigning
some worker to a determined section of the same. The optimum solution obtained maximized the global
benefit of the assignments and at the same time allowed the identification of the off-work groups of employees
in the sector studied.

Keywords: Multidimensional assignment problem; Off-work groups; Benefit.


This book presents a distinctive theoretical approach to the problem of borders in the study of global politics. It turns from current debates about the presence or absence of borders between states to consider the possibility that the concept of the border of the state is being reconfigured in contemporary political life.
The author uses critical resources found in poststructuralist thought to think in new ways about the relationship between borders, security and sovereign power, drawing on a range of thinkers including Agamben, Derrida and Foucault. He highlights the necessity of a more pluralized and radicalised view of what borders are and where they might be found and uses the problem of borders to critically explore the innovations and limits of poststructuralist scholarship.


The inventory of the 495 Pyraloidea known species from France is commented and the most recent synonymies and references are presented. 14 new synonymies are proposed. The status of one genus and one species are revised. The genitalia of two species are illustrated for the first time. In other respects, the status of Moitrelia multifidella (Chretien, 1911), rev. stat., n. comb., from North Africa is established.


The purpose of this study was to gain insights into the lived experiences of urban Aboriginal Canadians with diabetes in stress and coping through leisure. A framework of resilience was used to conceptually ground the study and to analytically synthesize findings about the role of leisure in coping with stress. Focus groups were used as the data collection technique, and phenomenology as an analytical approach. Not only were participants' experiences of stress tied to diabetes-related aspects of their lives, but their descriptions also suggested that stress originated from broader structural systems and dynamics at various intertwined leveis—socio-economic, cultural, historical, and political (e.g., racism). On the other hand, the results revealed the use of human strengths and resilience through culturally appropriate forms of leisure (e.g., Native arts, Aboriginal dancing, music, spiritual reading, going to reserves) in coping with stress. The findings emphasized that culture plays a central role in explaining leisure stress-coping mechanisms, whether these are tied to collective strengths, cultural identity, spiritual renewal, or physical/behavioral benefits. Concerning the connection between stress and leisure, culturally-based forms of leisure seemed useful to deal with culturally-bound stressors (e.g., racism), while some evidence was found for the role of leisure (e.g., physical activity) in coping with diabetes-related stressors.


Hemodynamic measurements were made in 29 patients undergoing 31 episodes of genitourinary instrumentation. The conditions of two patients were studied twice during separate surgical episodes. Bacteremia developed with 21 procedures, gram-negative organisms in eight procedures, gram-positive organisms in ten, and both gram-negative and gram-positive organisms in three procedures. Three patients manifested clinical shock. Immediate hemodynamic effects of gram-negative bacteremia are a decrease in systemic vascular resistance and central venous pressure and an increase in cardiac output. Clinical shock is an exaggeration of these changes, but the fall in central venous pressure prevents the cardiac output from compensating for the fall in systemic vascular resistance. Patients with gram-positive bacteremia and abacteremic patients undergoing similar instrumentations do not demonstrate comparable hemodynamic changes.


Abstract Rationale: Supradiaphragmatic inferior vena cava (IVC) injury due to blunt thoracic trauma is extremely rare. Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) is also rare and presents with ascites, abdominal pain, hepatomegaly, leg swelling, and jaundice. Its etiology is diverse, and it is rarely caused by trauma. Patient concerns: A 36-year-old man with blunt trauma from a traffic accident presented with chest pain. Chest computed (CT) and emergency surgery with CPB revealed completely transected supradiaphragmatic inferior vena cava (IVC), which reconstruction was essential. Diagnoses: BCS caused by impaired hepatic venous drainage through a reconstructed neo-IVC after severe blunt trauma injury to the supradiaphragmatic IVC was diagnosed. Intervention: Hepatic failure, ascites, leg swelling, and jaundice were resolved post-insertion of a veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenator (V-V ECMO) for hepatic venous drainage, but these clinical symptoms reappeared after ECMO removal. Outcome: The patient died from rapidly progressing sepsis, pneumonia, and acute renal failure during repeated insertion of ECMO and weaning off ECMO. Lessons: Reconstructing and improving the patency of the supradiaphragmatic IVC is essential for successful hepatic venous drainage. Additionally, a surgical strategy focused on graft selection can prevent kinking stenosis, and possibly BCS, especially in emergency surgeries. A ring-supported synthetic graft should be considered an alternative to improve long-term patency and survival rate.


ConclusionsUnderstanding the distribution of dynamic response is important in setting random vibration test levels for equipment. This paper describes how the probability distribution of a set of data could be tested. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test statistic indicates that the third octave average PSD vibration responses on a set of components are spatially log-normal when excited by a reverberant acoustic field. Two procedures for estimating the P95/50 level are demonstrated to agree well for the component attachment sensors: one calculates the mean and standard deviation of log-transformed PSD, while the other uses a warping function with PSD mean and standard deviation calculated directly.


AbstractLarge eddy simulation (LES) with Ffowcs Williams and Hawkings (FW-H) analogy is performed to investigate the flow structure and noise emission of NACA 65(12)-10 aerofoil with and without a ...


Scientific work aims to determine the efficiency of PT. Bank Muamalat
Indonesia Tbk value than the return on investment and to calculate the
return on investment using Du Pont System. The method used in this
research is descriptive method with the method of data collection through
library research and field research.
From the survey results revealed that the PT. Bank Muamalat Indonesia
Tbk is performing less well and less efficient during the year 2009.
Because in 2009, ROI at PT. Bank Muamalat Indonesia Tbk is
experiencing its lowest point is equal to 0.0028%. This shows that in 2009
the efficiency of PT. Bank Muamalat Indonesia Tbk is inefficient, due to
declining ROI on geographical segments of PT. Bank Muamalat Indonesia
Tbk.
Key words : Du Pont System, Financial Statement Analysis


First of all, on behalf of the People's Bank of China, I would like to congratulate on the convening of the "China Forum" sponsored by Euromoney and the exciting topic, namely "capital market and corporate governance", you have selected for discussion. I also appreciate the support given by the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, HSBC, Anst & Young, Hong Kong Stock Exchange and Moody Asia to this conference.


Calcite and barite are two of the most common scale minerals that occur in various geochemical and industrial processes. Their solubility predictions at extreme conditions (e.g., up to 250 °C and 1500 bar) in the presence of mixed electrolytes are hindered by the lack of experimental data and thermodynamic model. In this study, calcite solubility in the presence of high Na2SO4 (i.e., 0.0407 m Na2SO4) and barite solubility in a synthetic brine at up to 250 °C and 1500 bar were measured using our high-temperature high-pressure geothermal apparatus. Using this set of experimental data and other thermodynamic data from a thorough literature review, a comprehensive thermodynamic model was developed based on the Pitzer theory. In order to generate a set of Pitzer theory virial coefficients with reliable temperature and pressure dependencies which are applicable to a typical water system (i.e., Na-K-Mg-Ca-Ba-Sr-Cl-SO4-CO3-HCO3-CO2-H2O) that may occur in geochemical and industrial processes, we simultaneously fit...


The rapid revolution of Social Network Sites (SNS) around the globe is presenting wide range of data that can be used in studies of sentiment analysis about certain products, brands, services... etc. In addition, cloud computing fields had been one of the most interesting fields in research studies. In this paper, we used the sentiment analysis of top leading cloud service providers namely; Amazon and Microsoft Azure to analyse their customers' opinions and reviews. To do that, two datasets are extracted which are consisting of tweets that had either organizations' names or cloud names. We study, and analyze the way customers think about them. In this regard, many organizations tend to find out what do customers think or tweet about their products in order to effectively plan marketing campaigns and try to gain the positive impact of Word-of-Mouth. Results are analyzed and explained in details in term of polarity and emotions classifications to show the impact of sentiment analysis to support organizations decisions. We can note from the emotions classification results that, "joy" category is better for Microsoft Azure comparing to Amazon, The "sadness" percentage is larger for Amazon comparing to Microsoft Azure. Furthermore, we can note from the polarity classification that Microsoft Azure has 65% positive tweets compared 45% for Amazon. In addition, the results show that Amazon has 50% negative polarity compared 25% for Microsoft Azure.


An attempt of quantitative justification of the transport system influence on the social-economic development of the region, on the example of the Chuvash Republic, was made in the article.


The flow and dispersion of gases emitted by sources located near bluff building separately studied in wind tunnels were determined by the commercial model STAR-CD using the RNG k-e,and the Reynolds stress RSM turbulence.Inlet conditions and boundary conditions were specified numerically to the best information available for each fluid modeling simulation.Calculations are compared against the wind-tunnel measurements,and the validation of flow modeling of this model is analyzed.The result of flow field's analysis shows that,numerical simulation can better simulate the windward side of the stagnation backflow,the top backflow in front of the building and the rear cavity zones,etc.The result of concentration field's analysis shows that,numerical simulation's result of the pollutants' dispersion is in good agreement with that from wind tunnel experiment in the windward side and the top backflow zones in front of the building,however,numerical simulation's result of the pollutants' dispersion is slightly higher than that from wind tunnel experiment in the rear cavity zones.As a whole,compared with wind tunnel experiment,the RSM model can better simulate the variation of pollutants' concentration field and flow field around the buildings than the RNG k-e model.


Background: The goal of a vascularized bone flap transfer is to replace the necrotic bone of the femoral head, restore the blood supply, and provide new bone and mechanical support for the femoral head. Description: The major steps of the procedure that are demonstrated in this article are: (1) using the anterolateral approach to the hip, the incision is made; (2) the interval between the rectus femoris and vastus lateralis is split, the transverse branch of the lateral femoral circumflex artery is identified, and the pedicle is isolated and protected; (3) the vascularized bone flap is harvested from the greater trochanter; (4) necrotic bone is debrided through a bone window made at the junction of the femoral neck and head; (5) the cancellous bone from the greater trochanter is implanted, and the vascularized bone flap is positioned and fixed; and (6) the wound is closed in layers. Complications are rare, and full weight-bearing is allowed after 3 months postoperatively. Alternatives: Free vascularized fibular graft. Rationale: Compared with a free vascularized fibular grafting technique, vascularized bone-grafting of the greater trochanter has the advantages of being less invasive, incurring lower donor-site morbidity, and not requiring any microsurgical technique because there is no vascular anastomosis.


The course administration of the dry extract of the complex vegetable remedy phytoprost to white rats in experimental-therapeutic dose of 150 mg/kg on the background of chronic prostatitis has a marked pharmacotherapeutic effect, which is characterized by the decrease of destructive changes in prostate, normalization of peripheric blood indices, decrease of leukocyte content in the secret of the prostate and inhibition of free radical processes.


Building usage and performance is closely tied to area characteristics. The relation between environmental performance of green buildings and area characteristics is elucidated here by analyzing numerical data on domestic land, using official statistics in Japan together with assessment data from the Comprehensive Assessment System for Built Environment Efficiency (CASBEE) tool and geographic data. Apartment buildings in Yokohama City were analyzed, with hotspot analysis showing a statistically significant hotspot in northwest Yokohama. Furthermore, overlay mapping revealed that the environmental performance of apartment buildings in Yokohama varies with levels of commuting, living alone, and income.


Military strategy of former Qin is the origin of the thought of China′s military strategy.Thanks to the tuming point of the history,this military exotic flower,flourishing in the three generations of ancient times,unexpectedly,presented vigorous life,reached its maturity rapidly,and was used successfully in the military practice.To give a deep research to the contents and distinctive features of the former Qin's military strategy,can help us deeper our comprehending and understanding to the culture of military strategy,and more,can help us inherit and develop our outstanding national cultural tradition.


Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the gold-standard technique for evaluating muscle fatty infiltration and muscle atrophy due to its high contrast resolution. It can differentiate muscular from adipose tissue accurately. MRI can also quantify the adipose content within muscle bellies with several sequences such as T1-mapping, T2-mapping, spectroscopy, Dixon, intra-voxel incoherent motion, and diffusion tensor imaging. The main fields of interest in musculoskeletal radiology for a quantitative MRI evaluation of muscular fatty infiltration include neuro-muscular disorders such as myopathies, and dystrophies. Sarcopenia is another important field in which the evaluation of the degree of muscular fat infiltration or muscular hypotrophy is required for a correct diagnosis. This review highlights several MRI techniques and sequences focusing on quantitative methods of assessing adipose tissue and muscle atrophy.


A device for extracting a filter from a borehole containing a cone plug that performs the function of a load, a lifting ring is installed in the upper part of the conical plug for securing the cable, in the lower part of the conical plug there are gripping plates attached to the body of the conical plug with hinges, and leaf springs, fixed on the gripping plates and on the body of the conical plug, characterized in that a through hole is made in the center of the conical plug, a rod is installed in the through hole, the lower part of the stem is ramie connected by means of arms with gripper plates, the keeper rigging rigging ring perpendicular to the axis of the ring a slot for installation dismantling rod, the bottom of the conical tube slots are located to accommodate levers.


Polymer Processing Principles was the basic and required course for college students of polymer materials science and engineering specialty in our school.According to the characteristics of the course,taking high-quality application-oriented innovation talents as the goal around teaching content and objectives,using multimedia teaching means,taking the classroom and classroom discussion combining teaching,at the same time,with the on-site visit teaching method practice,the students interest in learning,improve teaching quality and beneficial changes in polymer processing principle course teaching were effectively improved.


An integrated camera, motion detector and cordless telephone system. A wireless camera operates to detect motion and then alerts a user to the motion via a base station/cordless handset. In one embodiment, the camera then also transmits still or streaming video to the base station/cordless telephone. Accordingly, a user can monitor image(s) via a cordless telephone handset and/or be alerted of motion within the camera's field of view.


The adsorption of methanol on active carbons at 30 °C was carried out and a new method for determining the micropore volume in the Dubinin-Radushkevich plot is presented. From this method, it was found that the adsorption volume (V) corresponding to the adsorption potential (A=RTlnP0⁄P), at which the plot of dV⁄d(−A) vs. A has its minimum value, is the value of the micropore volume in cases where extrapolation of the Dubinin-Radushkevich plot cannot be applied because of non-linearity of the Dubinin-Radushkevich plot.


insights that can be gained from the Canadian border, a site that both separates and joins twonationsand makes possible a "paraUel historical discourse" from an outsider's perspective. Catherine Albanese speaks of contact and combination over the course ofAmerican religious history in terms of a get economy; she deemphasizes ideology but does not faU to point out that gift-giving is never free of conflict and the covering over of compUcated interactions and innovations.


The dynamic equation through Lagrange method can be got on the condition of considering the flexibility of joint. It regards the elasticity of the ith joint as a linear torsional spring with stiffness ki. The model equations consist of two coupled dynamic systems, one represents the usual rigid body and the other the fast dynamics introduced by the joint flexibility. The conclusion of the example shows the effect of joint flexibility on dynamics of robot. It is obvious that equations consider joint flexibility is more accurate. So it is important to consider the flexibility of joint in modeling and controlling robot.


Operation impact on endurance performance in GST-based phase change memory is investigated from small arrays to large test chips. SET operation induced electromigration and phase segregation are observed. For the first time, the RESET melting healing effect is proposed to partially repair the SET induced damage and further extend the endurance. This concept can be easily implemented by accordingly designing the control circuits.


INTRODUCTION Orthostatic intolerance is characterized by symptoms of lightheadedness, tiredness, palpitations, blurred vision and occasionally, by loss of consciousness during standing, which are relieved upon recumbency. These symptoms are suggestive of cerebral hypoperfusion, yet they occur in the absence of orthostatic hypotension. We therefore evaluated cerebral vasoregulation in patients with OI. The specific objectives were 1) to evaluate if excessive cerebral vasoconstriction occurs in OI during head-up tilt 2) to find out whether hypocapnia could be the mechanism for this phenomenon 3) to investigate whether an impaired cerebral autoregulation (CA) is present in these patients. We hypothesized that cerebral hypoperfusion is present and related to changes in CO2 and is not due to impaired CA. Therefore, we undertook a series of studies to evaluate the effect of head-up tilt on respiration, CO2, cerebral blood flow and systemic cardiovascular responses in OI patients and healthy controls. We also evaluated the effect of correction of CO2 on the recorded abnormalities. Finally, we evaluated CA using the Valsalva maneuver (VM) combined with a new analytical method.


Facilitate, strengthen and integrate the knowledge of the application of law as part of the operational leadership must exercise a good steward of state resources in fulfilling the constitutional mission of the Armed Forces; is a didactic and simple materials (ICT) that enables learning and use of Operational Law Handbook, using simple language that can reach all levels, from the strategic, tactical and operational, comprising Al Battalion Commander (Lieutenant Colonel), the company (captain), platoon commanders (lieutenants or sergeants deputy) to the level of the performer (soldier) and who is oriented at greater proportionality herein.


Using Nevanlinna theory of value distribution,the problem of the derivatives shared one value for two meromorphic functions is discussed,which generalized and improved a uniqueness result concerning small function to C.C.Yang and Yi Hongxun.


Understanding of the thermodynamic stability of zeolites is important in the prediction of thermodynamic equilibrium. Therefore, we have undertaken an investigation of the thermodynamic stability of the zeolites NaX and NaY through heat capacity measurements from ca. 30 to 300 K. No phase transitions were observed, and zeolite NaX does not show a significant particle size effect when the particle size is reduced to ca. 30 nm. The results show that the specific heat capacity increases with the Al content in the zeolite. Both NaX and NaY are found to be thermodynamically stable with respect to their elements because of enthalpic stabilization and with slight entropic destabilization. These data are used along with literature data for many other zeolitic materials to show that the thermodynamic stability of zeolites is enhanced with increasing aluminum content. Key words: zeolite, heat capacity, thermodynamic stability, nano effects.


The invention provides a method for capturing and rebuilding a static three-dimensional model, which comprises the following steps of: acquiring an image of a moving object in an annular field; acquiring a visible shell model; acquiring a depth point cloud of each visual angle according to each visual image, the visible shell model and a preset constraint condition; and blending the depth point cloud of each visual angle to obtain the static three-dimensional model. The method of the invention can guarantee the precision and integrity of the rebuilt shape of the static three-dimensional model. In addition, the invention also provides a method for capturing and rebuilding a dynamic three-dimensional model.


There was an increase in antipsychotic prescribing for people with dementia during the COVID-19 pandemic (1). To explain this increase, the current study was conducted to explore the views of staff working in care homes for the elderly during the pandemic on the use of antipsychotics for residents with Behavioural and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD).

 The aim was to explore the use of antipsychotics for people with BPSD during the COVID-19 pandemic by interviewing staff in care homes about their experiences during that time.

 Semi-structured interviews were conducted online with staff working in ten UK elderly care settings using convenience sampling. Participants mainly onsite care home staff were recruited through online networks, for example, Twitter, and support groups such as CHAIN and NIHR clinical research network. Interviews were conducted between May 2021-March 2022, were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analysed inductively using thematic analysis in NVivo version 12.

 Ten interviews were completed with managers (n=2), care staff (n=6) and nurses (n=2) in nursing homes (n=7) and residential homes (n=3) (all were female). The first theme 'Challenges experienced in care provision' entails challenges experienced in the care environment; residents were confined to their rooms, activities were suspended, staff were absent and stressed, and family visits were barred. The reduced human contact affected residents' sense of self, mental and physical wellbeing, and in turn, their behaviours. The second theme 'Prescribing process' refers to doctors prescribing medicines in response to staff raising concerns. The third theme 'Attitude toward antipsychotics' denotes participants' positive and negative beliefs about antipsychotics. The positive beliefs included antipsychotics being the right choice and beneficial, an increased need and continued use of antipsychotics, use of a combination of medications and weighing the risks and benefits of antipsychotics. The negative beliefs included reports of adverse effects and short-term benefits of antipsychotics, antipsychotics not always beneficial, benefits in deprescribing, dislike for antipsychotics and belief antipsychotics are the last resort. Some expressed the need for antipsychotics had not increased but been driven by health professionals involved.
 The fourth theme 'Other psychotropic medication' alluded to other commonly used psychotropic medications and associated risks and benefits. The fifth theme 'Measures implemented within care settings' represented strategies implemented to avert the initiation or bolster antipsychotic deprescribing such as non-pharmacological approaches, nurses' assessment of residents before requesting antipsychotics, multidisciplinary consultation, and medication review.

 This is the first study that reports care home staff views on antipsychotic use for residents with dementia during the pandemic. The limitations include that only views of female respondents were obtained and the limited sample size. Care homes faced enormous challenges in the provision of care services to residents with dementia during the pandemic. The multitude of difficulties experienced in care homes due to lack of preparedness may have influenced staff to have positive views of antipsychotics and their use as an option during the pandemic. It's important to acknowledge and address these difficulties for example through education and training interventions to help with future preparedness.

 1. Howard R, Burns A, Schneider L. Antipsychotic prescribing to people with dementia during COVID-19. The Lancet Neurology. 2020;19(11):892.


ABSTRACT Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and potentially toxic elements (PTEs) pose risks to human health, here assessed in soils from a municipal dump, an industrial site, agricultural use and a forest reserve. Across the spectrum, there are significant variations in PTEs and EDCs, and arsenic had minimum and maximum values of 2.58 and 2455.75 mg/kg, respectively. Carcinogenic exposure risks, ingestion cancer risks and toxic elements are also assessed.


The novel xanthate reagent (I) can undergo group transfer addition to olefins (II) under radical conditions furnishing a concise access to α-Keto ylides (IV).


A two-factor field experiment using sugar beet was conducted in 2016–2018 at Sokołowo in Poland (ϕ 53°5′16.05″ N, λ 19°6′21.07″ E), in a strip-plot arrangement with four replicates. Strip-till (ST) was compared to conventional tillage (CT) using four commercial sugar beet varieties (Alegra, Armesa, Contenta, Julius). In each study year, the experiment was established on lessivé soils developed from heavy loamy sand. The soil was rich in available macronutrients, while its reaction was neutral. The plant density, sugar yield, roots quality, and technological sugar yield were determined. A significant increase was found in root yield (6.6%) and, accordingly, in technological sugar yield (8.2%) in ST treatment relative to CT. Consistently, an increasing trend was observed for the root sugar content (0.21%). For the varieties examined, no preferences were observed in respect of tillage systems applied. The direction of changes in root yield, sugar content, and technological sugar yield remained constant regardless of the variety, tillage system, or the study year. The contents of potassium, sodium, and α-amino-nitrogen responded equally to both the variety and study year; however, the direction of changes in the above parameters was ambiguous and varied among the study years.


A cyclopropane/butyrolactone derivative 2-methoxy-4-oxo-3-oxa-bicyclo[3. 1. 0]hexane-6,6-dicarboxylate was synthesized through Michael addition,internal nucleophilic substitution reaction of 5-methoxy-2( 5H)-furanone and bromomalonic acid diethyl ester. The structure of the title compound was confirmed through1 H NMR、13C NMR and X-ray single crystal diffraction.


T h i s study examined the problem of the l a c k o f understanding of the f a m i l y ' s r e a c t i o n to the psychi a t r i c h o s p i t a l i z a t i o n o f a f a m i l y member. A review o f the l i t e r a t u r e i n d i c a t e d t h a t l i t t l e has been done to i n c r e a s e our knowledge o f the f a m i l y ' s p e r c e p t i o n of t h i s event i n t h e i r l i v e s . I t f u r t h e r i n d i c a t e d t h a t these f a m i l i e s riave needs and concerns r e s u l t i n g from the experience o f the p s y c h i a t r i c i l l n e s s and h o s p i t a l i z a t i o n . These needs and concerns were not b e i n g addressed by h e a l t h care workers. T h i s q u a l i t a t i v e study u t i l i z e d the phenomenological approach. Data were obtained from seven f a m i l i e s o f p a t i e n t s admitted t o a p s y c h i a t r i c h o s p i t a l f o r the f i r s t time. Two u n s t r u c t u r e d i n t e r v i e w s were conducted with each f a m i l y d u r i n g the course of the p a t i e n t ' s h o s p i t a l i z a t i o n . The content of the i n t e r v i e w s i n c l u d e d d i s c u s s i o n o f a l l aspects o f the h o s p i t a l i z a t i o n with the f a m i l i e s d i r e c t i n g the emphasis toward the aspects t h a t were important t o them. The data were analysed u s i n g the method of constant comparative a n a l y s i s . Major c a t e g o r i e s were developed which r e f l e c t e d the meaning of the h o s p i t a l i z a t i o n experience f o r the f a m i l i e s . The c a t e g o r i e s i n c l u d e d acknowledging the h o s p i t a l as a s o l u t i o n t o the problem, reframing past events to make sense o f the present, a s s i m i l a t i n g the experience i n t o t h e i r every-day l i v e s , and q u e s t i o n i n g the f u t u r e i n r e l a t i o n t o the present experience of the i l l n e s s and the h o s p i t a l i z a t i o n . The themes were not found t o be d i s c r e t e , s e q u e n t i a l a c t i v i t i e s but were d e s c r i b e d as inter-dependent and c i r c u l a r i n nature. The data were d i s c u s s e d i n r e l a t i o n t o the l i t e r a t u r e reviewed, with comparisons being drawn between those p r e v i o u s s t u d i e s and the c u r r e n t one. The i m p l i c a t i o n s f o r n u r s i n g p r a c t i c e , education, and r e s e a r c h were d i s c u s s e d .


This paper uses stochastic frontier model for non-neutral technological progress and transcendence to analyze panel data for producer services industry for provinces in China during 1993—2004.It is found that total factor productivity(TFP) of the industry grew at an annual rate of 7.05% during the period,among which technological progress contributed 6.04% and technological efficiency 1.01%.The former played a dominant role in the rise in TFP,while the latter a complementary one.The contribution of TFP growth to the growth of producer services decreased year by year,and TFP growth was unbalanced among the eastern,middle and western regions.There was,however,significant convergence in technological efficiency.This can provide reference for decision-makers as to how to promote the growth of producer services industry.


Binder pitch for the production of carbon materials was prepared by adding meso-carbon microbeads (Type-M) to straight coal-tar pitch.The straight coal-tar pitch containing 0-20 wt% Type-M microbeads was heat-treated at temperatures between 300 and 400°C. The amounts of fixed carbon (FC), benzene insolubles (BI) and quinoline insolubles (QI), and softening Point (SP) of the pitch were measured. Then, the capability in using the pitch as bmder for carbon materials was examined by measuring compressive strength of the carbon blocks prepared by using the pitch.Values of FC, BI, QI and SP of the pitch increased linearly with increasing of additional amounts of Type-M microbeads and could be estimated from its additional amounts. The compressive strength of carbon blocks prepared from the mixture of the 35 wt% pitch with 65 wt% coke powder was measured. The compressive strength of carbon blocks had high values when the pitch containing 3-10 wt% Type-M microbeads were used, and these values were higher than those of the carbon blocks produced by using commercial binder pitch.These results show that the characteristics of pitches can be controlled easily by additional amounts of meso-carbon microbeads and that the carbon blocks in which these pitches are used as a binder have high compressive strength.


Simple Summary In the current study, we systematically reviewed the literature regarding the management of optic pathway glioma (OPG). This review will analyze demographics, information regarding the type of treatment, radiological and clinical (visual) outcomes, and also complications. Of the 105 eligible studies, a total of 4177 patients underwent different therapeutic modalities, including surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. The mean age was 8.17 years, and the gender ratio was 97 males per 100 females. Based on the available data, the mean follow-up was 98.6 months, and 48.7% of the patients were known cases of neurofibromatosis type1. According to the Dodge classification, 1104, 941, and 1353 tumors were D1, D2, and D3, respectively. The toxicity induced by either chemo- or radiotherapy was the most common complication, followed by ophthalmologic complications rather than visual acuity exacerbation. Small sample sizes in studies that compare different therapeutic modalities for OPG treatment, heterogeneity in multiple parameters including tumor locations, patients' age distribution who received treatment, patients lost to follow-up in many studies, lack of high-power studies, and insufficient power to adequately prove the efficacy or safety profile of different therapeutic modalities are all possible limitations of this systematic review. Moreover, in order to reduce the versatility between studies, we have considered all different types of surgical procedures, distinct chemotherapy (CT) regimens, and separate ways to deliver irradiation in OPG patients as surgery, CT, and radiotherapy (RT), respectively. This assumption was made since available data were neither representative of actual therapeutic modalities nor provided an opportunity to conduct sub-group analysis. Additionally, since children's visual assessments are notoriously recalcitrant, it might be obscure the results of visual acuity in pediatrics. Abstract Background: OPG accounts for 3–5% of childhood central nervous system (CNS) tumors and about 2% of pediatric glial lesions. Methods: Article selection was performed by searching PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases. Results: The pooled mortality rate was 0.12 (95%CI 0.09–0.14). Due to the unrepresentative data, improved and not changed outcomes were classified as favorable outcomes and worsened as unfavorable. Meta-analyses were performed to determine the rate of clinical and radiological favorable outcomes. In terms of visual assessment, the pooled rate of a favorable outcome in chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery was 0.74, 0.81, and 0.65, respectively, and the overall pooled rate of the favorable outcome was 0.75 (95%CI 0.70–0.80). In terms of radiological assessment, the rate of a favorable outcome following chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery was 0.71, 0.74, and 0.67, respectively, and the overall pooled rate of the favorable outcome is 0.71 (95%CI 0.65–0.77). The subgroup analysis revealed no significant difference in the rate of clinical and radiological favorable outcomes between the different treatment modalities (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Our analyses showed that each therapeutic modality represents viable treatment options to achieve remission for these patients.


Abstract This paper investigates the effects of watching an entire season of a French series with the streaming service Netflix in an out-of-classroom context. University Dutch-speaking low- to high-intermediate learners of French were divided into two groups: a control group who only took the tests (N = 37) and a treatment group (N = 65). Learners in the treatment group watched six episodes with glossed captions provided by the Chrome extension Language Learning with Netflix (i.e., they could access the meaning of the words in the captions whenever they wanted) within a maximum of 21 days. We examined learners' incidental vocabulary learning gains by means of a form and meaning recall test and also analysed learning gains in relation to different variables: word-related factors, the use of glossed captions and learners' vocabulary size. Results revealed that participants recalled approximately 35% of the word meanings and 28% of the word forms. Besides, learning gains were positively influenced by the use of the glossed captions as well as vocabulary size scores. Findings also demonstrated that frequency of occurrence positively impacted learning gains, especially when target words appeared more concentrated in one episode rather than across different ones.


The present invention, the switch knob body and a portion including a knob, the knob body and spaced from the knob housing is placed; Once connected to the knob body and the other end of the shaft toward the housing side is a knob which is disposed rotatably together with the knob body; And haptic actuator core is disposed in the interior of the knob housing in which the shaft penetrates disposed so as to be movable, and a haptic actuator bobbin is disposed, and coil is wound on the outer periphery in the interior of the haptic actuator core mounted on the shaft the haptic actuator having a haptic actuator with a core of the end portion and contactable haptic actuator disc, and the haptic actuator is: one end is the haptic actuator core is connected to the elastic parts comprises a haptic actuator for urging the rotation of the shaft of the haptic actuators core It provides a composite switch unit for.


PurposeDrawing on the premise that the media play a vital corporate governance role, this paper aims to investigate the association between media coverage and financial report restatements.Design/methodology/approachBased on a sample of Chinese listed companies over the period 2011–2015, the authors use ordinary least squares regression as well as a number of additional tests. To mitigate the endogeneity issue, the authors use a two-stage Heckman test and a propensity score matching model.FindingsThe authors document a negative and significant association between media coverage and restatements, suggesting that firms with high media coverage engage less in financial restatements. The authors further explore the moderating effects of internal control quality and state ownership on the association between media coverage and restatements. Regression results reveal that the governance role of the media is more pronounced for state-owned enterprises than for private firms. However, no significant difference in the disciplining effect of media coverage is found for firms with high, versus low, internal control quality.Originality/valueThe role of the media in corporate governance and financial reporting quality has been well documented. In emerging economies, such a role has been overlooked. As a result, the purpose of this study is to fill that void. Furthermore, prior research ignores the impacts of state ownership and the internal control environment on the media's governance role.


Introduction: The anatomical and physiological changes in
the phonatory system due to aging have a major impact on
voice. Widely researched parameters of voice like fundamental
frequency and the perturbation measures have strong
correlation with age. However, these measures depend on the
location of the exact pitch pulses and it may yield unreliable
results in case of a severely aperiodic voice. Also, harmonic
measures of voice in healthy aging are scanty in the literature.
Aim: The present study focused on determining the changes in
harmonic-related measures in healthy aging individuals using
spectral amplitude measures.
Materials and methods: The participants were classified into
three groups as young, middle-aged, and elderly adults based
on their age. All the participants were required to sustain three
different types of vowels. Voice samples were analyzed using
CSL software to obtain the spectral amplitude measures.
Results: This showed that there was a decrease in spectral
amplitude measures with aging.
Discussion: Thus, suggesting that the harmonic structure of
voice is not affected in healthy aged individuals. Vowel type and
gender also influences the harmonic-related measures in the
healthy aging population.
Conclusion: The results of the present study could be used by
the voice clinicians while assessing adults with voice disorders.
It will also help the clinicians in delineating the age and gender
differences in the vocal parameters.


Leipzig and DohrmannI divided the variations in the course ofthe carotid artery into two categories: 1) elongation, redundancy, undulation, and an S-shape curve, which are listed under the heading of "tortuosity," and 2) a sharp bend or kink in the vessel. According to Leipzig and Dohrmann, the two main causes ofthese malformations are atherosclerosis and congenital deformity, and the mean age at time ofdiagnosis is 58.8 years.


This paper analyzes the main aspects of Mariátegui's socialist conception, emphasizing his historicist and voluntarist approaches against the economism and determinism prevailing in the marxist tradition, as well as his reformulation of historical materialism as a method of interpretation not only of the developed capitalist societies, but also of colonial societies in which capitalism is combined with surviving elements of previous social formations. We also deal with Mariátegui's understanding of political party as articulation form of the subaltern classes, which should emerge from the shaping process of a collective will between them. Finally we consider how he introduces the question of indigenism into his socialist conception in order to outline a form of transition to a specifically Latin American socialism. Key-words: socialism, capitalism, coloniality, subalternity, indigenism.


Beta-blockers, such as proprano lo l and metopro lo l , are known t o decrease t h e frequency o f migra ine a t tacks . However, very 1 i ttl e i s known about how m i g r a i ne p rophy lac t i c agents, i nc l ud i ng beta-bl ockers , i n t e r f e r e w i t h the symptomatol ogy o f migra ine a t tacks and no th ing i s known about c l a s s i c migra ine at tacks. The present study i s a con t ro l l ed , double-b l ind study o f t he e f f e c t o f metopro lo l i n p a t i e n t s w i t h c l a s s i c migraine. Metoprolol decreased the f requency-re1 a ted parameters s i gni f i c a n t l y and these data a re presented elsewhere (1) . The present r e p o r t describes data on the e f f e c t o f metopro lo l on the symptomatology o f t he s i n g l e c l a s s i c migra ine a t tack . Ma te r ia l and methods: Outpat ients , aged 16-65 years, w i t h c l a s s i c migra ine were se lec ted f o r the study. Class ic migra ine was de f ined as recu r ren t i d i o p a t h i c a t tacks o f headache preceded o r accompanied by gradual l y developed revers i b l e foca l symptoms, i n d i c a t i n g hemispheric and/or brain-stem dys func t ion ( f o c a l symptoms s p e c i f i e d as scotoma, hemianops ia , s c i n t i l l a t i o n s , zig-zag l i n e s , paresthesia, a t a x i a and pares is ) . Only p a t i e n t s w i t h 2-8 migra ine a t tacks per month, o u t o f which a t l e a s t 50 % had t o be c l a s s i c , were inc luded i n the study. The study was double-b l ind w i t h a cross-over design. A 4-week run in p e r i o d was fo l lowed by 8 weeks o f treatment, a 4-week wash-out p e r i o d and f i n a l l y t h e p a t i e n t s crossed over t o the a l t e r n a t i v e t reatment f o r 8 weeks. The dosage o f metoprolol was 200 mg d a i l y i n Durules". Assessment o f e f f i c a c y was made by means o f d i a r y cards which inc luded symptomatol og i ca l i ssues. The W i lcoxon s i gned-ranks matchedp a i r s t e s t was used t o study t h e w i t h i n p a t i e n t f a c t o r and F i s h e r ' s t e s t was app l i ed t o dichotomous var iab les . Results: For the t o t a l a t tacks , i .e. both a t tacks w i t h and without aura symptoms, i t was found t h a t metoprolol s i g n i f i c a n t l y decreased the pa in i n t e n s i t y , g1 obal r a t i n g , du ra t i on (hours) and analgesic consumption per a t tack compared t o placebo treatment. 75 % o f t he recorded a t tacks inc luded aura symptoms. During the placebo per iod, 360 aura a t tacks were recorded and 314 dur ing the metopro lo l per iod. The data below are based upon these a t tacks w i t h aura. During metoprolol treatment, there were more a t tacks charac-


The author develops theoretical methods applicable to light scattering in dispersive absorbing crystals. Special attention is paid to scattering with widely different absorption at incident and scattered frequencies that generates frequency shifted radiation (hyperresonance). Different types of scattering are considered: Raman scattering, hyper-Raman and hyper-Rayleigh scattering, and stimulated Raman scattering. Experimental data on scattering in crystalline powders, films, single crystals, and near-surface crystal layers are analyzed.


A 61-year-old African American woman with a history of a simple asymptomatic goiter of uncertain duration presented with a 2-year history of rheumatoid arthritis, with an erosive, symmetric polyarthritis. Her arthritis was controlled by methotrexate 7.5 mg weekly. Vesiculopustules had developed on her trunk (Figures 1 and 2). A lesional biopsy was consistent with subcorneal pustular dermatosis, demonstrating epidermal subcorneal neutrophilic pustules without spongiosis, acanthosis or mitotic figures, findings making a diagnosis very unlikely of pustular psoriasis or immunoglobulin A (IgA) pemphigus. The patient was started on dapsone 50 mg daily, but developed peripheral neuropathy within 3 weeks, necessitating withdrawal of the drug. She was started on clobetasol propionate ointment, with lesion clearing. The patient's laboratory values showed: negative antinuclear antibody, rheumatoid factor 1:320, positive antimicrosomal antibodies, antimitochondrial antibodies 1:320, and negative anti-smooth muscle antibodies. A serum protein electrophoresis demonstrated a polyclonal gammopathy.


A fracture-resistant, fiber-reinforced ceramic substrate is produced by a method which involves preparing a ceramic precursor mixture comprising glass or ceramic material, a coupling agent, and resilient ceramic fibers, and then exposing the mixture to microwave energy. The microwave field orients the fibers in the resulting ceramic material in a desired pattern wherein heat later generated in or on the substrate can be dissipated in a desired geometric pattern parallel to the fiber pattern. Additionally, the shunt capacitance of the ceramic substrate is lower which provides for a quicker transit time for electronic pulses in any conducting pathway etched into the ceramic substrate.


This qualitative research article analyses the work return of cancer survivors. The 15 interviewed cancer survivors live in two worlds. On the one hand, they feel the consequences of the disease. On the other hand, they want to be competent employees. The cancer survivors and the work environment need to find a balance between the contradictory expectations evoked by these worlds. Some cancer survivors and work environments manage to find a more or less stable balance. But this is not always the case. Then the work return goes wrong. Because the respondents consider the job return as important, a failure is hard to live with. When they fail, they start to look for new goals to direct their comeback. This analysis wants to add to research into the experiences of cancer survivors returning to their job. Understanding of these experiences may inspire health care and rehabilitation professionals.


Background-Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one ofthe most common cancers in the world. The geographical prevalence varies considerably in different countries and Scotland is regarded as an area oflow risk for the disease. Aims-To assess the association between chronic hepatitis C infection (HCV) and HCC in a population of patients presenting to a single hospital. Royal range 10-40 years (median: 19). Conclusion-There is a strong association between chronic HCV infection, cirrhosis, and hepatocarcinogenesis in this Scottish population. The study was unable to distinguish whether the high prevalence of genotype lb in the HCC population reflected increased oncogenicity in itself, or whether lb was simply the most prevalent genotype in Scotland when these patients were infected.


Several policy tools are being employed or debated as possible ways of curbing carbon emissions in the transportation sector. One such instrument is the taxation of vehicle purchases, often in the form of feebates. We estimate a model of demand for automobiles in Cyprus and simulate scenarios under which (i) a feebate scheme is introduced in addition to existing taxes and (ii) the existing consumption tax is completely replaced by an emissions-based tax. The analysis provides a useful quantification of the tradeoffs between government revenue, consumer welfare from vehicle use and environmental harm from emissions.


The invention provides a WEB performance test method based on the simulation of bulk thin client operation and a test system thereof. The test method comprises the following steps: a simulation system transmits a record command to a thin client; the thin client enters a record mode, starts local operation and transmits operation steps and data to the simulation system; the simulation system receives data transmitted by the thin client and converts the data into a test script; the simulation system configures the test script, inserts check points and simulates multiple virtual thin clients according to test requirements; the simulation system runs the test script, i.e. the multiple virtual thin clients simultaneously perform local operation, and uploads operation records to a WEB management server; the WEB management server monitors the operations and saves the operation records; and finally, a Loadrunner tool monitors the change of the performance of the WEB management server and outputs a test report. The invention solves the problem that the Loadrunner can not record operation of a remote client.


Extensive numerical simulation and experimental measurements have been conducted to understand the piezoresistivity characteristics and the working mechanisms of highly sensitive strain sensors made from carbon nanotubes (CNTs) embedded polymer nanocomposites. When using two kinds of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs), it was identified that the piezoresistivity characteristics of two sensors are different. When using comparatively straight MWNTs of a large diameter, named as MWNT-7, the fundamental working mechanism of this sensor is the tunneling resistance change among CNTs due to the distance change caused by applied strains. However, for another type of MWNTs, which is of a very small diameter and seriously curved shapes, and named as LMWNT-10, the main working mechanism of the sensor may be the piezoresistivity of MWNTs themselves due to deformation of MWNTs. Furthermore, for the sensors made from MWNT-7/epoxy, further numerical and experimental investigations have been carried out to explore the effects of processing parameters and material properties on sensor sensitivity. Both numerical and experimental results indicate that a higher tunneling resistance or higher ratio of the tunneling resistance to the total resistance of the sensor leads to a higher sensor sensitivity. Processing conditions and material properties play a role in determining the sensor sensitivity.


- This paper describes an optimal design method for CMOS even-stage ring oscillators (ESROs) containing plural latches in the oscillator loop itself. We have already reported the stable oscillation condition for ESROs with a single latch using a pseudo-SRAM Static Noise Margin (SNM) model. With more detailed analysis, we have successfully extended the condition to the case with plural latches. As a result, the design margin for a stable oscillation can be drastically improved by appropriate consideration of the insertion positions and the polarities of latches.


this paper started from automobile automatic transmission,it briefly analyzed the concept and explained its functions,and mainly analyzed various common faults,based on the investigations into various problems, based on that, it discussed maintenance methods and, proposed the corresponding solutions for the aspect of gear and automotive automatic transmission slip respectively.


It is a research in the domain of Digital Democracy, with an emphasis on the analysis of the transformative modes of information and communication technologies on democracy and the democratic system. The main objective is to identify how the use of an application works to monitor and manage a parliamentary mandate. There is a qualitative and exploratory research, with a case study development. Results indicate that the use of the application can generate significant levels of engagement, even larger when there are sensitive topics on discussion. It is concluded that the use of the application to interact with citizens adds another level to the existing information and communication technologies, with the potential to generate more engagement, due to their own characteristics.


An in depth technical treatment of the hot boning process and its potential as a viable alternative for consideration by the beef processing industry are presented. An analysis of energy consumption is given considering traditional methods versus alternative methods. An analysis is presented for the year 1976 assessing the impact of hot boning as concerns the distribution of processed beef intra- and interregional. A methodology is presented for modeling a processing plant at the macro level including the assessment of all forms of utilities on an individual plant basis. Several important management considerations are developed including: a summary of potential energy savings, an approach for developing plant designs, and an economic analysis for comparing the relative advantage of hot vs cold processing of beef. (MHR)


Purpose – Previous studies explored only the direct effect of industry, company and trade show strategy influence factors on trade show performance and left the intervening processes virtually unexplored. The purpose of this paper is to provide one of the first empirical tests of the intervening role of trade show marketing processes (pre‐show promotion, at‐show selling, and post‐show follow‐up) in the relationship between resource allocation and performance of trade shows.Design/methodology/approach – This study used the Directory of Chinese Export Commodities Fair Exhibitors as its sampling frame. From this directory, a systematic random sample of 1,000 firms was drawn. A final total of 444 exhibitor firms fully completed the questionnaires, resulting in a response rate of 44.4 per cent. The hypotheses were tested by regression analysis, the appropriate procedure for assessing interdependent variables, since trade show marketing processes are interdependent.Findings – The results show that the effect of...


Temporal environmental variations may promote diversity in communities of competing populations. Here we compare the effect of environmental stochasticity with the effect of periodic (e.g., seasonal) cycles, using analytic solutions and individual-based Monte-Carlo simulations. Even when stochasticity facilitates coexistence it still allows for rare sequences of bad years that may drive a population to extinction, therefore the stabilizing effect of periodic variations is stronger. Correspondingly, the mean time to extinction grows exponentially with community size in periodic environment and switch to power-law dependence under stochastic fluctuations. On the other hand, the number of temporal niches in periodic environment is typically lower, so as diversity increases stochastic temporal variations may support higher species richness.


Introduction:
 Cancer patients undergoing doxorubicin (Dox)-based chemotherapy often experience cardiac repolarization abnormalities, including electrocardiography (ECG)-derived QT and corrected QT (QTc) interval prolongation, which increases the risk for life-threatening arrhythmias such as torsades de pointes. We have previously reported that African Green monkeys exhibit CMR-derived myocardial fibrosis long-term after receiving Dox at doses similar to those experienced by women treated for breast cancer. Here, we sought to determine if QT/QTc prolongation persists after treatment cessation and its association with myocardial fibrosis.

 Methods:
 Five female African Green AGMs (AGMs) aged 13±1 years received Dox (30 - 60 mg/m
 2
 / biweekly IV, total cumulative dose: 240 mg/m
 2
 ) and underwent 12-lead ECG and CMR imaging with pre- and post-contrast T1 maps from which extracellular volume (ECV) was calculated, before and 15 weeks after the final dose of Dox treatment. A blinded paired and correlation analysis was performed on ECG-derived heart rate (HR), QRS, QT, QTc interval durations and ECV.

 Results:
 After Dox, all monkeys exhibited increased QT (BL: 323.2 ± 27.4 ms vs. Post-Dox: 366.4 ± 18.7 ms, p=0.002) and QTc (BL: 440.2 ± 22.8 ms vs. Post-Dox: 500.8 ± 22.0 ms, p=0.009) intervals, without any significant changes in HR or QRS duration (p=0.92 and p=0.47 respectively). Longer QTc intervals were associated with increases in ECV (
 r
 =0.58, p=0.05) (Figure).

 Conclusions:
 AGMs that received Dox - in a fashion similar to adjuvant anthracycline chemotherapy for breast cancer- exhibited longer QT and QTc intervals associated with myocardial fibrosis. Our study suggests this may not be solely due to transient ion channel disruption from Dox but rather from persistent changes in the electrophysiological properties of cardiomyocytes and the extracellular matrix. Future longitudinal studies are needed to determine the clinical significance of these findings.


To study the biotechnological production of lipids containing rich amounts of the medically and nutritionally important γ‐linolenic acid (GLA), during cultivation of the Zygomycetes Thamnidium elegans, on mixtures of glucose and xylose, abundant sugars of lignocellulosic biomass.


It has been well established that adequate and appropriate training is necessary for community health workers (CHWs) to effectively address the health care needs of their communities. We used qualitative analysis to evaluate a health-training curriculum in rural Guatemala in order to gain further insights into best practices regarding CHW trainings. Our results indicate that curricula aimed at CHWs should not only be participatory, but also varied and include in-class simulations as well as in-field observational teaching. *Corresponding author Michelle Lightfoot, Department of OBGYN, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Avenue, East Campus, Kirstein 3, Boston, MA 02215, USA, Tel: 1-857891-5131; Fax: 1-617-667-0842; Email:


Objective:To observe the effects of ethyl acetate extraction from Gastrodia elata on the neuroplasticity of rat cerebral ischemia injury model.Method:Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham-operation group,model group and ethyl acetate extraction from G.elata group(ethyl acetate extraction group,7.29 g·kg-1).The rat models of middle cerebral artery occlusion were replicated 0.5 h later after the last dose of continuous oral administration of drug on the 7th day and keep administration of drug for another 7 days.Statistic data were collected on death rate of model on 7th day,as well as neurological behavior and expression of GAP-43 at specified time point.Result:Compared with the sham-operation group,the death rate and neurological syndromes of model group were markedly increased and the hanging wire and expression of GAP-43 were significantly decreased.Compared with the model group,the death rate and neurological syndromes of the ethyl acetate extraction group were significantly decreased and the hanging wire and expression of GAP-43 were significantly increased(P0.05,P0.01).Conclusion:The results suggest that the ethyl acetate extraction from G.elata can improve the neuroplasticity of cerebral ischemia injury model rat.


In group events,the lack of institutionalized dialogue mechanism is an important cause of leading to the non-institutionalized expression of public demand,civil organizations play the role of communication and coordination between the government and the public with their rational characteristics.Civil organizations participate in group events tackling have an important value to meet the effective public information access,achieve the integration of interests,promote rational expression and enhance the public game.But everything has two sides,and only they are controlled to a certain extent,can give full play the political values of civil organizations participate in group events tackling.


Changing circumstances and new initiatives have made it necessary for Higher Education institutions to reflect on all aspects of their teaching portfolios. Recent global and national trends have had numerous implications for different aspects of the university as an entity, which in turn have important implications for teaching, and particularly postgraduate teaching. The need for greater transparency and efficiency is forcing universities into discussions around facing these challenges. The overarching aims of this study were twofold: firstly, to identify historical and current tendencies and patterns in postgraduate studies at the University of Stellenbosch and secondly, to determine the enabling and constraining factors relating to postgraduate studies at the University of Stellenbosch. It was decided to focus on both completed postgraduate students (years 1991 1999) as well as current postgraduate students (year 2000). Furthermore, "postgraduate" was defined as relating to all Master's and Doctoral students at the University of Stellenbosch. The empirical research for this study included three components. Firstly, two postal surveys were carried out at the University of Stellenbosch in 2000 in order to explore a representative sample of postgraduate students' attitudes and perceptions. Secondly, a secondary data analysis of existing data on the University database for postgraduate students was carried out in order to do an estimate of successand follow through rates. Finally, interviews were conducted with coordinators of four postgraduate programmes at different departments in the Faculty of Arts at the University of Stellenbosch. Results show that the nature of postgraduate studies at the University follows the same form of dynamics, diversity and complexity that characterizes postgraduate studies worldwide. Although there has been an exceptional increase in the number of postgraduate students over the past iii Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za


The quest for detailed information concerning ultra-fast beam configurations, phase spaces and high energy operation is a critical task in the world of linear colliders and X-ray FELs. Huge enhancements in diagnostic resolutions are represented by RF deflectors. In this scenario, Radiabeam Technologies has developed an Xband Travelling wave Deflector (XTD) in order to perform longitudinal characterization of the subpicosecond ultra-relativistic electron beams. The device is optimized to obtain a single digit femtosecond resolution using 100 MeV electron beam parameters at the Accelerator Test Facility (ATF) at Brookhaven National Laboratory; however, the design can be easily extended to be utilized for diagnostics of GeV-class beams. The XTD design fabrication and tuning results will be discussed, as well as installation and commissioning plans at ATF.


White pine nursery stock can be, and in many cases is being, protected from blister rust by a Ribes-free zone around the premises. Consistent intensive effort is required and the costs range from less than one hundred dollars to a thousand dollars or more for a single nursery. An annual follow-up is necessary. Only five-leafed pines so protected are allowed to be shipped out of infected States except where the shipment is consigned to a point in one of the several northeastern generally infected States.

All white pine nursery stock should be produced under protected conditions, not only to avoid the danger of introducing the blister rust into uninfected localities, but to avoid loss and disappointment on the part of the purchaser.


In the presence of a spin trapping reagent, N-tert-butyl-alpha-phenylnitrone, anaerobic incubation of halothane (2-bromo-2-chloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane) with a reconstituted cytochrome P-450 enzyme system of rabbit liver microsomes exhibited an electron spin resonance spectrum containing signals of a nitroxide radical, and all components of the reconstituted system were necessary to produce the nitroxide radical. Formation of 2-chloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane, the product of anaerobic dehalogenation of halothane by the reconstituted system, was inhibited by N-tert-butyl-alpha-phenylnitrone. These results indicate that a radical intermediate of halothane is produced during the anaerobic dehalogenation reaction, and that the radical is trapped by N-tert-butyl-alpha-phenylnitrone to form a N-tert-butyl-alpha-phenylnitrone radical adduct.


We present measurements and analysis of laser induced plasma neutral densities and temperatures in dry air by focusing 200 mJ, 10 MW high power, 193 nm ultraviolet ArF (argon fluoride) laser radiation to a 30 μm radius spot size. We examine these properties that result from multiphoton and collisional cascade processes for pressures ranging from 40 Torr to 5 atm. A laser shadowgraphy diagnostic technique is used to obtain the plasma electron temperature just after the shock front and this is compared with optical emission spectroscopic measurements of nitrogen rotational and vibrational temperatures. Two-color laser interferometry is employed to measure time resolved spatial electron and neutral density decay in initial local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) and non-LTE conditions. The radiating species and thermodynamic characteristics of the plasma are analyzed by means of optical emission spectroscopy (OES) supported by SPECAIR, a special OES program for air constituent plasmas. Core plasma rotational a...


ance imaging (MRI) issues related to these devices. With inherent advantages of MRI including high tissue characterization, no radiation, and excellent spatial orientation, its use all over the world has exponentially increased. Therefore, more patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices have had MRI examinations. To overcome this important limitation, manufacturers have introduced implantable pacemakers and defibrillators compatible with MRI. Leadless pacing systems have important advantages to avoid limitations and complications seen with conventional pacemakers. Promising results from trials and ongoing technological advancements will lead to much more implantation of the leadless pacemakers in the near future. Thus, these systems should be compatible with MRI exams. Actually, fully implantable leadless pacing devices are inherently MRI compatible because they are small devices and have no lead in the cardiac chambers. In addition, the manufacturer has announced that the Micra Transcatheter Pacing System (Medtronic Inc.) is compatible with full body 1.5 and 3.0 T MRI scanning. In conclusion, an additional and important advantage of the leadless pacemakers compared with conventional systems is MRI compatibility.


This paper presents the HASOC track and its two parts. HASOC is dedicated to evaluate technology for finding Offensive Language and Hate Speech. HASOC is creating test collections for languages with few resources and English for comparison. The first track within HASOC has continued work from 2019 and provided a testbed of Twitter posts for Hindi, German and English. The second track within HASOC has created test resources for Tamil and Malayalam in native and Latin script. Posts were extracted mainly from Youtube and Twitter. Both tracks have attracted much interest and over 40 research groups have participated as well as described their approaches in papers. In this overview, we present the tasks, the data and the main results.


The physical implementation of a bipolar encoding scheme suitable for WDM fiber-optic networks is reported with both experimental and theoretical results. The power spectrum of an erbium-doped superfluorescent fiber source is encoded, the bipolar correlations of the codes are verified, and rejection of multiple-access interference is demonstrated in a fiber-based testbed. Simulations of the correlation process identify key optical parameters and physical characteristics important to the design of future systems. A modification to the experimental testbed, made according to the theoretical analysis, results in improved correlation performance.