We present the inflationary theory, as a solution to the observational failures of the standard cosmological model of Big Bang, as well the partial classification of some single-field inflationary models with respect to the most recent observational data delivered from Planck satellite. We theoretically analyze 8 single-field inflationary scenarios, divided in categories of: 0,1, and 2 parameters, and we proceed to the experimental comparison of the prediction of 14 inflationary models, which originated from those 8 scenarios for specific choice of priors for the parameters.


The effect of the electromagnetic field at high frequencies on cells was investigated in vitro. Rat's fibroblasts were cultured and exposed to the electromagnetic field continuously generated from a cellular phone for five days. The experimental results show only minor effects of the electromagnetic field from cellular phone of 10 W/m2 at 800 MHz on proliferation of cells and on destruction of cells. The results also indicate possible effects of the electromagnetic field on arrangement of cells and on synthesis of protein in cells.


Nuclear power construction is characterized by high capital costs, a significant number of participants in the design and construction processes. One of the most significant factors of the efficiency of NPP projects implementation is the adopted technology for the construction. An analysis of the Soviet and modern experience in the NPPs construction allows to assert that the piece reinforcing application leads to an increase in the project implementation time. The technology of large-block assembling of NPP structures and equipment have been widely used by the world leaders in NPPs construction, but the implementation of this technology required significant costs for the organization of the necessary infrastructure. In the context of the rapid development of computing systems, instrumentation and mechanical engineering, it is proposed to fundamentally rethink the processes of NPP construction. It is proposed to return to the technologies of large-block installation of NPP structures by switching from rail lifting mechanisms to pneumatic wheels, by robotizing the processes of enlargement and installation of structures and equipment. The functions of managing and making organizational and technological decisions can be partially transferred to a specially developed neural network that has access to an array of data on previously implemented projects. This approach allows us to consider the NPP construction project as a cyber-physical system and opens the way to a whole range of areas of fundamental and applied research in the field of technology, organization and management of the construction of NPP.


Sweden is the most innovative cowntry in the world,and its contribution to biotechnology industry cluster innovation is the most concentrated.Swedish biotech industry clusters are mainly distributed in Stockholm and Uppsala,Gothenburg around Lund and Malm area.Its main feature is that it has a complete production chain,and it is concentrated in the industrial technology and value chain is in the high end.Swedish biotech industry cluster has a strong research and development strength and a superior environment for the growth.It has created many remarkable new results.


This article explores the provenance of the Bull masquerade in the Caribbean Lesser Antilles. It looks at possible exemplars in Western Europe, particularly in Britain's West Country, Ireland, and Scotland, and also in West Africa, especially in the Upper Guinea region. It concludes that the Caribbean Bull was influenced by Upper Guinea masquerades but nourished in an environment conducive to Christmas Bull perambulations on a European model.


NH 3-N is one of the nutritious matters in wastewater. A good adsorbent is obtained which can be easily regenerated without second contamination by physical-chemical and chemical methods. The result of treatment satisfies the state standard. With the study, the sulphonated coal prepared from Huangbaici high-sulfur coal is considered as excellent adsorbent, dilute sulfuric acid a good regenerant, for dealing with NH 3-N-containing wastewater. The influences of temperature, adsorption time, sulphonated coal amount and pH value in wastewater on NH 3-N adsorption of the activated sulphonated coal have been studied. The mechanism for the sulphonated coal adsorbing NH 3-N from wastewater is discussed with results of FT-IR given.


The crystal-field energy-level structure of the Er 3 + ground-state multiplet in ErVO 4 was investigated by inelastic neutron scattering and magnetic susceptibility methods. The quantitative determination of the crystalfield-level energetics in conjunction with elastic-constant data was used to carry out a detailed analysis of the magnetoelastic contribution to the temperature dependence of the lattice parameters. X-ray-diffraction measurements show that the magnetoelastic effect is small, but the anisotropy with respect to the tetragonal c axis is unusual among the rare-earth orthovanadate and orthophosphate series. It was concluded that in ErVO 4 the sixth-order multipole contribution is essential for explaining the observed thermal-expansion anomaly. A similar situation also occurs in the case of ErPO 4 . This result is contrary to the dominating role of the quadrupole effect found previously in many rare-earth orthovanadates and orthophosphates.


Betjeman's verse does not fit the circumstances of this review but associating George R. Sims with a book on hunger is highly appropriate, for Sims's most famous line: 'It is Christmas Day in the Workhouse', showed him to be a man deeply concerned about social justice but not one who required such concepts as the 'cultural turn' or the 'imperial turn' for the understanding of hunger (pp. viii–ix). Since James Vernon is a modern cultural historian, he does and, although he offers no definition of hunger, he begins by revealing that he will 'track three great transformations in the modern understanding of hunger ... the divine, the moral, and the social' (p. 2) which he sees occurring between the mid-19th and mid-20th centuries. Limiting the scope of the topic may puzzle readers then faced with the author's claim that 'I take the nutritional history of modernity as a given' (p. 4). It is a perplexing statement: is the reader to assume that the author has nothing to add to previously published histories of hunger, or that hunger is anything more than a label to be applied to various aspects of the unfortunate state of poverty in which many people found themselves, or used as a term when claiming relief from destitution? In fact this does not resolve the shifting values of Professor Vernon's approach to a variety of sources – 'I follow discussions of hunger' (p. 9) – or the lack of methodological rigour which is evident in his verbose but superficial style.


The state-orchestrated plunder of Armenian property immediately impoverished its victims; this was simultaneously a condition for and a consequence of the Armenian Genocide. A series of laws and decrees as well as complex bureaucratic mechanisms were devised in the Ottoman-Turkish Republican periods concerning the administration of the belongings left behind by the deported Armenians. The aim of this article is to analyze these laws and statutes, which were known as the Abandoned Properties Laws. It attempts to elucidate the dominant logic of the laws, decrees, and regulations concerning the abandoned properties, which are closely connected to the political economy of the Armenian Genocide.


has declined about 30% since the late 1960s, when UC researchers began monitoring. factor is the extent of annual mixing of the lake's deep waters. That mixing brings up nitrogen and phosphorus, which nourish the growth of greencolored algae. However, the long-term decline in clarity seen since 1968 is caused by increased nutrients and sediments reaching the lake from urbanization in the surrounding watershed as well as from air pollution. In April, UC Davis announced a $2.6 million grant from the David and Lucile Packard Foundation to help create a new research and education center dedicated to addressing environmental problems in the Tahoe Basin. The 15,000-square-foot Lake Tahoe Center for Environmental Research will support multidisciplinary research on the basin ecosystem, enable greater collaboration among scientists, increase educational opportunities and provide public awareness programs. "The new research laboratory and its educational programs will give us the facilities to strengthen the essential connection between scientific knowledge and public policy," Goldman says. UC Davis has been working with local, state and federal agencies, the private sector, University of Nevada-Reno and the Desert Research Institute to gain the scientific knowledge needed to help improve the health of the Tahoe Basin. Research contributes to the improvement of programs in development, transportation and roads management, erosion control, forest health, wetland restoration, stream improvement, fertilizer controls, and controls of invasive plants and animals. In recent years, the water clarity monitoring activities have been largely funded by a $110,000 annual grant from the Tahoe Regional Planning Agency (TRPA), the bistate agency leading a cooperative environmental preservation and restoration effort. "The scientific community tells us that Lake Tahoe probably won't respond positively to restoration efforts in the watershed for 20 to 30 years," TRPA director Juan Palma says. "Given that we only recently began to pick up the pace of investing in those efforts, we must remain committed to our long-term plan for changing the downward trend in water clarity."


Liver metastases of gastric cancer determine the poor prognosis. Until now The expediency of their surgical removal has been controversial. However, according to a number of studies, the removal of potentially operable isolated liver metastases allows a significant increase of overall and relapse-free survival in some cases. The review is dedicated to the analysis of prognostic factors that allow selecting patients for surgical removal of liver metastases of gastric cancer. The main criteria are: effective perioperative chemotherapy; stage under T4, N0, absence of lymphovascular invasion, absence of peritoneal dissemination, number less than 3, size up to 4 cm, localization of metastases in one lobe, low level of cancer markers CA 19-9 and CEA.


The purpose of this study is to analyze how the form of legal protection is given to holders of former customary land after the entry into force of Article 96 PP. 18 of 2021 concerning Management Rights, Land Rights, Flat Units, and Land Registration (hereinafter referred to as PP. No. 18/2021), wherein the provisions of Article 96 it is explained that written evidence of land formerly owned by custom (Petuk Tax Earth/Landrente, girik, pipil. Ketitir and Indonesian verponding) which are owned by individuals must be registered within 5 (five) years since the provisions of the Government Regulations are passed and in the event that the 5 (five) years period expires, written evidence of land formerly owned by custom is declared invalid and cannot be used as a means of proving the registration of land rights. The type of research used is normative legal research using statutory and conceptual approaches. Through this research, researchers offer preventive legal protections for holders of former customary land with a rights recognitions mechanism, in which the mechanism for recognizing this right is carried out by the applicant/owner of the former customary land by making a statement of physical ownership of the former customary land, made with at least 2 (two) witnesses, where later the statement letter was used as the basis for land registrations, as well as researchers offering repressive legal protection to former customary landholder by conducting a judicial review to on the PP. No. 18/2021.


The chapter examines efforts to engage non-state actors in the work of international environmental institutions as a means of making those institutions more responsive to the broader constituencies that they, and their states parties, serve. The author is concerned not simply with non-state actors as collaborators who support institutional goals and implement institutional projects, but as meaningful participants in deliberative decision-making processes traditionally seen as the prerogative of states. The chapter reviews the history of non-state access to international lawmaking across disciplines and examines how participation has worked specifically in the international environmental field. It then describes practices of international institutions drawing on data gathered from recent global, European and Inter-American experiences. It offers a basic taxonomy of access mechanisms on the basis of these data and outlines some of the questions scholars, practitioners, and advocates might ask as they examine whether these approaches serve to make international institutions more democratic. The chapter also outlines potential opportunities and challenges faced by those who study and engage with international institutions on the question of non-state access.


Four real buildings with three to six stories, strong irregularities in plan and little engineered earthquake resistance are subjected to inelastic response‐history analyses under 56 bidirectional EC8‐spectra‐compatible motions. The average chord rotation demand at each member end over the 56 response‐history analyses is compared to the chord rotation from elastic static analysis with inverted triangular lateral forces or modal response spectrum analysis. The storey‐average inelastic‐to‐elastic‐chord‐rotation‐ratio was found fairly constant in all stories, except when static elastic analysis is applied to buildings with large higher mode effects. Except for such buildings, static elastic analysis gives more uniform ratios of inelastic chord rotations to elastic ones within and among stories than modal response spectrum analysis, but generally lower than 1.0. With increasing EPA the building‐average inelastic‐to‐elastic‐chord‐rotation‐ratio decreases but scatter in the results increases. Static elastic analysis tends to overestimate the inelastic torsional effects at the flexible or central part of the torsionally flexible buildings and underestimate them at their stiff side. Modal response spectrum analysis tends to overestimate the inelastic torsional effects at the stiff or central part of the torsionally stiff buildings and underestimate them at the flexible side. Overall, for multistorey RC buildings that typically have fundamental periods in the velocity‐sensitive part of the spectrum, elastic modal response spectrum analysis with 5% damping gives on average unbiased and fairly accurate estimates of member inelastic chord rotations. If higher modes are not significant, elastic static analysis in general overestimates inelastic chord rotations of such buildings, even when torsional effects are present. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The author has analyzed the legal basis of support of small and medium business in the context of regionalization of public administration by economy on the example of the leading countries of Western Europe. In article the legal base of support of business at supranational, national and regional level was analysed. Authors investigated various forms of public administration by economy and defined possibility of use of this experience in Ukraine.
Key words: regionalization, small and medium business, regional government, regional development, public administration by economy.


Analysis of urban and rural circulation reflects the rural-urban gap effectively. Based on summarizing the previous researches, the paper analyses the current situation of the domestic urban and rural circulation, discusses the seven influencing factors and puts forward countermeasures.


There is an increasing demand for indoor navigation and localization systems along with the increasing popularity of location based services in recent years. According to past researches, Bluetooth is a promising technology for indoor wireless positioning due to its cost-effectiveness and easy-to-deploy feature. This paper studied three typical fingerprinting-based positioning algorithms - kNN, Neural Networks and SVM. According to our analysis and experimental results, the kNN regression method is proven to be a good candidate for localization in real-life application. Comprehensive performance comparisons including accuracy, precision and training time are presented.


Spatial power combining amplifier has gained worldwide interest since 1990's and many of them have been developed in both open space and enclosed space. Combing efficiency describes the effectiveness of the combiner in summing all of the available power from active devices. Although it is one of the key figures of merit, some aspects still could not be understood clearly. In this paper spatial power combining amplifier techniques are firstly introduced. Then efficiency of such amplifiers is discussed including combining efficiency and power added efficiency. How unbalance of amplitude and phase impact on combining efficiency is analyzed in details and simulation results are given.


Lactantius's anonymous philosopher; and many more. However, the author's skillful analysis of a vast majority of these has produced plausible explanations of the events related to one of the most complex and difficult periods of the Roman Empire. Suffice it to say that Digeser has written an exciting book that will serve as a strong foundation upon which future scholarship in the field of late antique religion, philosophy, and politics can build. This book is highly recommended for use in undergraduate and graduate courses. Michael Bland Simmons, Auburn University Montgomery


The proper evaluation to the hepatic function can be used to decide the operative methods as well as the preparation of the operation.This can ensure the safety of the operation and the recovering after the operation.we also find that be tied in the intergation of Chinese and western medicine treats phase,may relieve patient's symptom within short time.This is also embody that the doctor of traditional Chinese medicine"Cures not disease".

Key words:
hepatobiliary surgical; Chinese and western medicine; cures not disease


Undergraduate sponsorships in America has developed in its own ways. A survey of its function will help to establish a sou nd supporting system in this area. But the pre-condition is that China's situat ion and the reality of its higher education must be considered before any effect ive measures are taken.


IVF success rates are low, with approximately one-third of all cycles resulting in live births1. Improving IVF success rates would make a significant difference in the lives of many women trying to conceive. Chromosome aneuploidy (abnormal number of chromosomes) is a major cause of IVF failure, miscarriage, and, in rare cases, abnormal pregnancy and live birth. Most aneuploidies arise during the final stages of egg development and increase exponentially with maternal age. Selectively implanting euploid (normal number of chromosomes) embryos is critical to reducing miscarriage and improving IVF success. Early clinical experience show improvements as high as 50% in IVF success rates using embryos selected by the 24sure test2.


From first-principles density functional theory calculations, we propose hexagonal layered MgB$_3$C$_3$ as a potential phonon-mediated superconductor at 59 K, which is far higher than the superconductivity of MgB$_2$ ($\approx$ 39 K). The MgB$_3$C$_3$ is energetically and dynamically stable at ambient pressure in the \textit{P-62m} hexagonal structure with c/a $\approx$ 0.79 and forms in stacks of honeycomb B-C layers with Mg as a space filler. Band structure calculations indicate that the bands at the Fermi level derive mainly from B and C orbitals in which two $\sigma$- and two $\pi$ bands both contribute to the total density of state. The $\pi$ bands are found to be strongly couple with out-of-plane acoustic phonon mode, while the $\sigma$ bands coupled with the in-plane bond-stretching optical E$^{\prime} $ phonon modes produces a sizable superconductivity in MgB$_3$C$_3$.


It has been reported that tight sportswear could have complicated influence on physiological function of human body. The purpose of this present study was to investigate the effect of wearing gradient compression tights (GCT) on muscle strength and EMG activity during repeated isokinetic muscle contractions. Four healthy male undergraduate students performed maximal voluntary isokinetic concentric muscle contractions on biomechanical test and training systems with GCT and loose pants as control (Cont) respectively. During each test, the peak torque of extensor and flexor contractions and the surface electromyography (sEMG) of the rectus femoris and medial gastrocnemius was recorded simultaneously, the peak torque was recorded as an indicator of muscle strength, and the average amplitude and mean power frequency of sEMG were calculated as indicators of EMG activity. The results showed that: the peak torque decreased gradually during continuous muscle contractions both when the Cont and GCT were worn, average sEMG and mean power frequency declined along with the repetitions of muscle contractions for both wearing conditions, and the change tendency was consistence with that of peak torque. There was no obvious difference between the peak torque recorded wearing the Cont or wearing GCT, but when GCT were worn, average sEMG was lower and mean power frequency was higher than the Cont condition. In 24 samples obtained from four subjects, 80% of results showed the same trend. So we could make a conclusion that wearing GCT had no obvious effect on the improvement of muscle strength, but it would affect the EMG activity positivly.


Global warming and climate change cause some problems such as floods, droughts, storms, landslides and fires. Special problem in coastal areas is tidal flooding due to rising sea levels. This condition affects to the fisherman communities in the North of Central Java in building settlements and meets the needs of basic infrastructure such as water, waste water and garbage. This study aims to reveal more about how the fishing communities on the north coast to resolve the issue. Locus studies are in three settlements of fishermen in Semarang, Kendal and Tegal. The method used in this study is deductive qualitative rationalistic, with descriptive empiric analysis. From the results of a series of in-depth interviews, observation and empirical reduction, obtained several findings. First in building settlements: community will raise the floor elevation of buildings, roads and social facilities periodically; people use household garbage to raise the elevation of the land up to a certain height, and on the top of that area will covered with the soil; community use special foundation for their building construction with reinforcement material of bamboo. In the fulfillment of the basic infrastructure, people use dig wells, deep wells and buy water from water vendors circumference; community will throw garbage on the land pocket to be built or water body; and communities dispose of domestic waste both liquid and solid to the water body. Keywords: Settlements, Tidal Flood, Coping Strategy and Climat Change.


With the accelerating improvements and interests in high temperature thermoelectric materials and their applications for power generation, there is the emerging need to fully characterize thermoelectric modules. One of critical challenges in testing modules, especially at high temperatures, is being able to accurately control and measure heat rates transferred across a module. Many of the current characterization techniques are limited to solely measuring the electrical response and ignore the heat transfer. The new technique, described within, is able to accurately measure the three key characteristic properties, namely Seebeck coefficient, electrical resistance, and thermal conductance of a thermoelectric module over temperature ranges from 50 to 650°C. To ensure isothermal surfaces and minimize heat rate errors, a primary heater is encased in a guard heater. Rapid pulsed electronic loading allows for rapid voltage-current scans while avoiding thermal drift. The thermal conductivity of a reference material is used to validate the performance of the guard heater assembly and heat monitoring setup.Copyright © 2013 by ASME


Eight nonwoven fabrics were made into experimental protective pants and worn into two types of low crop fields. Barrier properties (water penetration resistance, oil repellency, and air permeability) were measured for control fabrics and fabrics taken from pants worn in the field Results indicate that while loss of breaking strenth due to abrasion was minimal, effects of field wear on barrier properties were significant. Water penetration resistance and oil repellency were reduced and air permeability was increased for most specimens after wear in at least one of the fields. Fluorochemical finishes used on three of the fabrics were less effective after wear. The study suggests that performance of protective clothing may not be adequately assessed by testing fabrics prior to wear.


This paper addresses the challenges Brexit will pose to the future of trade in services between the EU and the UK. It discusses the specific barriers to crossborder establishment and trade in services and possible solutions for a future EU-UK trade agreement. Hereby, it takes existing EU Free Trade Agreements with other states into consideration. This research paper has been commissioned by Policy Department at the request of the Internal Market and Consumer Protection Committee.


This paper presents a decentralized control algorithm for composing a specific formation of swarm robots. The swarm robots are expected to compose formations that represent symbols. The robots are connected by communication networks and not necessary intelligent; they initially do not have any control program to compose symbols. Control programs that implement our algorithm are introduced later from outside as mobile software agents, which are able to migrate from one robot to another robot connected by the network. Our controlling algorithm is based on the indirect pheromone communication of social insects such as ants. We have implemented the ant and the pheromone as mobile software agents. Ant agents control the robots. Each ant agent has partial information about the formation they are supposed to compose. The partial information consists of relative locations with neighbor robots that are cooperatively composing the target formation. Once the ant agent detects an idle robot, it occupies that robot and generates the pheromone agent to attract other ant agents to the location for neighbor robots. Then the pheromone agent repeatedly migrates to other robots to diffuse attracting information. Once the pheromone agent reaches the robot with an ant agent, the ant agent migrates to the robot closest to the location pointed by the pheromone agent, and then, drives the robot to the location. We have implemented a simulator based on our algorithm, and conducted experiments to demonstrate the feasibility of our approach.


Introduction/Purpose:
 Sleep is critical for health and plays a role in motor learning, which is an important component of post stroke rehabilitation. There is limited research on the impact of sleep on functional outcomes during the early stages of rehabilitation after stroke. The purpose of this study was to explore the associations between sleep parameters and functional recovery during inpatient rehabilitation in people with stroke.

 Methods:
 13 participants undergoing inpatient rehabilitation after stroke were recruited to participate. Function was measured at admission and discharge using GG Self Care and Mobility scales. Sleep parameters; sleep efficiency and wake after sleep onset (WASO); were determined from an ActiGraph wGT3X-BT activity monitor (AGAM), which participants wore for 5 days continuously upon admission. Associations between sleep parameters and function were determined using Pearson correlation coefficients.

 Results:
 Mean time since stroke was 15.5 (9.0) days, mean National Institutes of Stroke Scale score was 6.2 (4.1), mean age was 65.1 (12.1) years old, and 54% were women. There was a moderate association between sleep efficiency and change in GG mobility score; r=0.67 (p=0.012); and a moderate inverse association between WASO and change in GG mobility scores: r=-0.66 (p=0.013). There was not a significant association between change in GG self-care score and sleep parameters (p>=0.05).

 Discussion:
 Quality of sleep is associated with improvement in functional mobility during inpatient rehabilitation after stroke. Participants with better sleep efficiency and less time awake during the night after falling asleep during the first 5 days of their inpatient rehabilitation stay had greater improvement in functional mobility at discharge. Further research is needed to examine the complex relationships between sleep and recovery after stroke and to investigate possible interventions to promote better sleep during inpatient rehabilitation after stroke.


Objective: The purpose of this study was to develop a precise and efficient method for estimating the thickness of the articular cartilage in the hip joint and hence three different stereologic methods were tested based on Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Design: Twenty two females and four males with hip dysplasia underwent MRI. The thickness of the femoral and acetabular cartilage was estimated. Results: The results for all three methods showed that the observed total variance on cartilage thickness is small. The mean thickness of the acetabular cartilage measured by the three different methods ranged between 1.15 mm and 1.46 mm. The mean thickness for the femoral cartilage measured by the three different methods ranged between 1.18 mm and 1.78 mm. The measurements took 15e20 min per hip to carry out. Conclusion: Methods 1 and 3 are as precise but we favour method 3 because the measurements are done on images obtained through the center of the femoral head which means that the cartilage surface is intersected perpendicular and partial volume effect avoided. We suggest that this method can be advantageous for assessing the progression of osteoarthritis in dysplastic hips after periacetabular osteotomy. a 2006 Osteoarthritis Research Society International. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


'more than a body's work' is an international media arts production which explores the personal, social and cultural processes through which young people construct visual identity.


The article concerns the realization of the project named P.I.C.A. (Cultural Informatics Portal of the Western Alps; Interreg IIIA Alcotra), a cooperation between Italy and France that is integrated in a wider strategy of valorisation of the transalpine area. The aim of this work (continuation of a multidisciplinary research entitled The Marchesato di Saluzzo: an integrated study of the territory, a project of CeST-Marcovaldo, in collaboration with Turin University and Polytechnic, begun in year 2000) is to preserve and to valorise the cultural heritage through informatics, and has as primary goal to describe and to share such patrimony not only to a transalpine public, but also open the diffusion at a European level: this goal must and can be reached with efficient using computer and network technologies. The creation of a multimedia platform can, in fact, to support in adequate way the exchange of informations, the valorisation of cultural assets that can be recovered, the promotion of cultural activities, the development of research in the areas of interest. In the specific case, the territories involved in the project are in particular the Italian area of the province of Cuneo, with specific wedge in the territories of the historical Marchesato of Saluzzo (this area is situated in the southern part of the Piedmont Region in North West of Italy); the French departments of the Alpes de Haute Provence, Isere and Hautes-Alpes. These areas have in common not only a homogenous geographic picture, but a common cultural substrate strongly characterized, where the alpine territory has always represented a link. So it can be defined a "hinge" territory, face to join rather than to separate areas and different heritages. For these cultural and historical reasons the territories are extremely interesting and are ready for a multimedial integration for management of data and initiatives.


Take Dong Zhi-refinery gasoline sweetening process as an example,analyzed reduce gasoline for environmental pollution countermeasures: First of all,research and development new technology to conducive to environmental protection,secondly,reduce the sulfur content in gasoline to reduce the sweetening process waste;production car with ethanol gasoline,to reduce the emissions of motor vehicles sulfide;Finally,combat the illicit small refineries and gas stations.


Among the lipid peroxidation reactions, the addition of molecular O 2 to polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) is of particular interest in biological systems. The lipoxygenase pathway is the most-studied enzymatic pathway for oxidizing PUFAs, but nonenzymatic reactions have also been characterized. When one considers the significance of lipid peroxidation, it is surprising to discover the many diverse areas that are affected. In fact, whether one considers the process beneficial or detrimental depends on the circumstances. In situations where lipid peroxidation has been implicated in tissue damage, controversy exists over whether it is involved in the primary events causing injury or merely a by-product. Lipid peroxidation is involved with normal developmental pro- cesses, including production of flavor and odor volatiles, formation of compounds with growth-regulator-like activities, and senescence. Characteristic flavors and aromas, such as those associated with cucumber ( Cucumis sativus L.) and tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), are due in part to the presence of various enzymes in the respective lipoxygenase pathways (Gardner, 1989). Although desir- able characteristics may be imparted to foods by oxidized lipids, rancidity and other research is the lack of specificity of key antioxidants. Ascorbate, b -carotene, glutathione,


All the present invention before a fineness of 100 to 270 dtex is made of a direct (織 絲) of synthetic fibers, the fineness of the former direct and fabric density are straight fineness represented by the product of (strands /2.54 cm) radial, upward 10,000 to 25,000 (dtex and strand /2.54 cm) which comprises a base fabric for the fabric, and silicone and is given as 5 to 25 g / m Silicone coated fabric of the present invention is in particular within the combustible is significantly improved and at the same time heat resistance, flexibility, low friction is because the coating fabric of the modified light to rupture the pocket extending from a starting point for a through (burn through) hole once to inhibit deployment time It is shortened, light and can be used in the manufacture of the air bag that can be compactly stored.


Electric current induces atom transport in an LSI conductor, which is termed "electromigration (EM)". The EM along grain bondary/interface (GB/IF) often brings about a cavity. Since the EM, flux of which is proportional to the electric current density, does not satisfy the law of mass conservation, stress is generated along the GB/IF. In other words, the migration due to the stress, ""stress-induced migration (SM) ", compensates the mass conservation. Thus, the atoms flow not only by the EM but also by the SM under the condition without external loading. In this study, the functional of atom flux due to the EM/SM is derived and a numerical simulation method of migration along an arbitrary GB/IF network is proposed. The mechanism of cavity growth in a polycrystalline LSI conductor under an electric current is investigated on the basis of the numerical simulation. The SM transports the atoms around a cavity into the GB through the cavity tip and they are moved away by the EM. The cavity growth rate is strongly influenced by the IF/GB network.


Chiral magnetic skyrmions are nanoscale vortex-like spin textures that form in the presence of an applied magnetic field in ferromagnets that support the DzyaloshinskiiMoriya interaction (DMI) because of strong spin-orbit coupling and broken inversion symmetry of the crystal. Recently, a new type of localized particle-like object – the chiral bobber (ChB) – was predicted theoretically (Rybakov et al., 2015) in such materials. Here, we report the direct observation of ChBs (Zheng et al., 2018) in thin films of B20-type FeGe by means of quantitative off-axis electron holography. Furthermore, we show that ChBs are able to coexist with skyrmions over a wide range of parameters, which suggests their possible practical applications in novel magnetic solid-state memory devices, in which a stream of binary data bits can be encoded by a sequence of skyrmions and bobbers.
Work was performed within the state task of FANO Russia (subject "Quantum," No. g.r. 01201463332) (АААА-А18-118020190095-4)).


The present paper give an evaluation of the resource value of China tea garden ecosystem based on the theory of natural resource value,the value,of product produce,social guarantee,organic materials accumulation,nutrient recycle,water self-restraint,soil hold,atmosphere adjust,culture service as well as minus value of tea production was evaluated,it concludes the total resource of China tea ecosystem is RMB 1301.7364 hundred million Yuan.


Background: The exclusive breastfeeding of infants aged 0–6 months in the working area of the Jeuram Community Health Center is 27.1%, which is below the target of 80%. The failure of exclusive breastfeeding is directly caused by the early feeding of complementary foods or MP-ASI before babies reach six months of age. Before the baby's digestive system is fully developed, giving solid food leads to indigestion and constipation. The provision of early complementary feeding to children is influenced by maternal parenting in fulfilling family nutrition. The success of exclusive breastfeeding is related to the mother's ability and belief in breastfeeding her baby. This study analyzes the factors that influence the early MP-ASI for infants <6 months of age.
Methods: This research is a quantitative study with a cross-sectional design. The sample included 54 mothers with a baby <6 months of age. The data analysis was carried out using bivariate, multivariate, and multiple logistic regression analysis.
Results: The results showed that the level of knowledge (p < 0.001), family support (p < 0.001), and socio-cultural factors (p = 0.001) significantly affected the provision of early MP-ASI for infants aged <6 months, while the support of health care workers (p > 0.001) showed no relationship with early MP-ASI. The results of the F-test (p = 0.000, α = 5%) showed that this model is suitable for reducing early MP-ASI. The logistic regression test correlated knowledge, family support, and socio-cultural support with the provision of early MP-ASI. The final model generated is as follows: Y = −1.628 + 1.046 X1 + 0.993 X2 + 2.198 X3.
Conclusion: This study concludes that knowledge, attitude, family support, health care worker support, and socio-cultural support influence early MP-ASI for infants aged <6 months.


Objective:To investigate the expression of transfer growth factor-β1(TGF-β1) in human cervical carcinoma and its clinical significance.Methods:The expression of TGF-β1 protein was detected by immunohistochemical technique in 50 cases of cervical carcinoma,25 cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia(CIN) and 25 cases of normal cervices.Results:The positive rate of TGF-β1 was 86%,44%,12% in cervical carcinoma,CIN and normal cervical epithelium.There was significant differences between cervical carcinoma and CIN or normal cervical epithelium in TGF-β1(P0.01).Also,there were significant differences between CIN and normal cervical epithelium in ERK and TGF-β1(P0.05).Conclusion:TGF-β1 is involved in the pathogenesis of cervical carcinoma,which may provide potent target for treatment of cervical carcinoma.


A field experiment was conducted on a Typic Haplustalf with unndy loam texture to study the effect of different sources of zinc (ZnSO4, ZnCb, ZnO, FYM, vermicompost and pressmud compost on the behaviour of zinc in soil under maize. Results of the experiment indicated that application of different sources of zinc significantly increased the DTPA-Zn in post harvest soil compared to that of absolute control (0.47ppm), and the treatment which received recommended NPK fertilizers alone (0.39ppm). Among the sources of zinc, FYM recorded a maximum of 0.84ppm DTPA-Zn in soil. The DTPA-Zn significantly and positively correlated with pH (0.87**), OC (0.79**) and CEC (0.85**) of the soil. Addition of above sources of zinc increased the zinc content in all the fractions of zinc except residual zinc fraction, which found to be compared to the absolute control and the treatment that received only NPK fertilizers. Further, all the fractions of zinc correlated with each other indicating existence of dynamic equilibrium between them Stover and grain yield of maize were also significantly increased due to application of above zinc sources compared to that of absolute control and the treatment which received only NPK fertilizers. However, the treatment, which received zinc through pressmud compost recorded a maximum yield of 5.96 and 6.85 t ha of stover and grain respectively. Similarly, zinc uptake by maize significantly increased due to applied zinc sources except zinc oxide Further, path analysis relating to zinc fractions and uptake of zinc by maize indicated that the major fractions through which zinc is made available to maize as water soluble, easily reducible manganese bound and carbonate bound fractions. Zinc present in residual was found to be unavailable to plants because of strong bonding nature. September, 2007 ( H M Chidanadappa) Major Advisor 4. Effect of Zinc and Boron on Soil Properties, Yield and Uptake of Nutrients by Groundnut (Arachies Hypogaea L.) SAYYADSAHED A NADAF ABSTRACT In order to study the effect of zinc and boron on soil properties, yield and uptake of nutrients by groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.), a field experiment was conducted on a sandy loam soil (Typic Haplustalf) with deficient in available zinc (0.46 mg kg) and boron (0.43 mg kg). Results of the experiment indicated that pod and haulm yield, shelling per cent, kernel yield, oil content and oil yield of groundnut significantly increased over the control due to application of borax @ 5 kg haand zinc sulphate at three levels (5,10 and 20 kg ha) either alone or in combination with borax. Application of borax had no effect on the content and uptake of zinc by groundnut. But, a significant increase in the content and uptake of boron by haulm and kernels was noticed due to the addition of borax. Similarly, application of zinc sulphate significantly increased the content and uptake of zinc by groundnut. Increase in the levels of zinc sulphate from 5 to 20 kg hasignificantly increased DTPAZn status from 0.57 to 0.71 mg kgwithout any effect on available boron status in soil. Whereas, application of borax significantly increased available boron status in soil (0.41mg kg ). All fractions of zinc except residual fraction significantly increased over control due to the application of zinc sulphate particularly at higher levels (10 and 20 kg ha) with or without borax. Further, it was observed that all fractions of zinc correlated with each other indicating existence of dynamic equilibrium between them. A path analysis relating to zinc fractions and uptake of zinc by groundnut indicated that the major fractions of zinc through which zinc is made available to groundnut were water-soluble, sorbed, easily reducible manganese bound and organic bound fractions. Whereas, residual fraction of zinc was found to be unavailable to plants because of its insoluble nature. Nov, 2007 (H M Chidanadappa) Major Advisor 5. Dynamics of Phosphorus in Traditional Arecanut Growing Soils of Karnataka KAUSHIK BATABYAL ABSTRACT The distribution of different fractions of phosphorus, their contribution to available P pool, as well as phosphorus fixation capacity as influenced by soil physico-chemical properties was studied in the soil profiles from five taluks (viz., Sagar, Thirthally, Koppa, Sringeri and Kundapura ) of traditional arecanut growing areas of Karnataka. Distribution of P fractions varied greatly with sand, silt, clay, pH, CEC, iron and aluminium oxides and organic carbon content of the soil. Total P content of soils from different taluks ranged from 246 to 679 ppm (average 428 ppm) and decreased down the depth. Total mineral and organic P contents of soils ranged from 138 to 348 ppm (mean 232 ppm) and 46 to 386 ppm (mean 203 ppm), respectively, which on an average accounted for 54 per cent and 47 per cent of total P, respectively. Al-P and Fe-P were the most dominant mineral fractions constituting on an average 23 per cent and 21 per cent of total inorganically bound P, respectively. The relative abundance of different inorganic P fractions followed the order: A1P (53 ppm)>Fe-P(50 ppm)>Red.-P(44 ppm)> Occl.-P(39 ppm) > Ca-P(27 ppm)>Saloid P(12 ppm). Available P content of surface soils from different taluks ranged from 6.68 mg kg (Kundapura Taluk) to 18.58 mg kg (Sagar Taluk) and that of profile soils ranged from 7.23 mg kg (Kundapura Taluk) to 15.50 mg kg (Sagar Taluk) and decreased with depth. Significant and positive correlation of available P with saloid ( r=0.563**), A1-P( r=0.492*), Ca-P( r=0.448*) and organic P( r=0.561*) indicates that these P fractions contribute greatly towards available P pool. Study on the P fixation capacity revealed that the arecanut growing acid soils of Karnataka have high P fixing capacity with its values ranging from 61.54 mg kg (Sagar Taluk) to 79.93 mg kg (Kundapura Taluk) and the P fixation capacity tends to increase down the profile due to decrease in organic carbon content and increase in the content of Fe and Al oxides with increasing depths.


This paper shows the existence of non linearities in the Colombian's real GDP, and on asymmetrical economic cycles in Colombia between 1925 1995. It also shows the existence of a threshold in the Colombian GDP in 1975 which should have affect how economic cycles are analyzed in the future.


A seminal result of Cleve (STOC 1986) showed that fairness, in general, is impossible to achieve in case of two-party computation if one of them is malicious. Later, Gordon et al. (STOC 2008) observed that there exist some functions for which fairness can be achieved even though one of the two parties is malicious. One of the functions considered by Gordon et al. is exactly the millionaires' problem (Yao, FOCS 1982) or, equivalently, the 'greater-than' function. Interestingly, Gordon et al. (JACM, 2011) showed that any function over polynomialsize domains which does not contain an "embedded XOR" can be converted into the greater than function. In the same paper, they also demonstrated feasibility for certain functions that do contain an embedded XOR. In this paper, we revisit both the classes of two-party computation under rational players for the first time. We show that Gordon's protocols no longer remain fair when the players are rational. Further, we design two protocols, one without embedded XOR (the greater-than function) and the other with embedded XOR, and show that with rational players, our protocols achieve fairness under suitable choice of parameters.


ABSTRACTPurpose: to become aware of the risks factors for hearing impairment and describe the time gap between the suspicions of the hearing loss, the diagnostic and the beginning of the rehabilitation for a group of hearing impaired children and teenagers from an institution in Sao Paulo, Brazil – DERDIC PUC-SP, that took part in a rehabilitation program from 1999 to 2002. Methods: a retrospective study of 162 fi les of hearing impaired children between 12mo and 17:6 yrs old, the questionnaire elaborated by The Aural Rehabilitation Forum which occurs annually during the International Audiology Meeting in Brazil was used. Results: the results showed 54% male and 46% female subjects; 60% between 3 and 8:11 years old; 43% had the suspicions of the hearing loss in the fi rst year of life; for 25% of the subjects the diagnostic was carried out just after the suspicions; 34% fi nished the diagnostic one year after the suspicions; 11% began rehabilitation just after the diagnostic, 54% after a year and 27% more than a year. 32% had unknown etiology, 18% genetic causes, 17% presumed multiple factors, 15% meningitis, 9% congenital rubella.


Color is a symbolic expression tool used by humans to translate the intentions and ideas of its users, not exception the color names used in proverbs. This research is a qualitative descriptive which aims to describe the meaning of Madurese proverbs which contain color name elements and their relation to the Madurese life principles. The data of this study are Madura proverbs which contain color name elements. Furthermore, primary data sources come from informants and secondary data sources come from books and internet pages. Data were analyzed using an ethnolinguistic approach with ethnoscience methods. The results showed that 6 Madurese proverbs used the color name elements. The colors are potѐ 'white', celleng 'black', and konѐng 'yellow'. Each same color can have a different meaning in each proverb. Besides, the six proverbs that use the color name elements become Madurese life guidelines in running their life, such as having to maintain self-esteem, be humble, avoid abuse of power, keep trying, be a person who has good character, and associate with people who bring benefits. Thus, this research is fundamental because the color is not just a symbol of beauty, but it can show the culture of its users in the form of language expression.


Simulation based education (SBE) is playing an increasingly vital role in the education of all healthcare professionals. Whether this is within a University, Hospital or simulation centre the growth and significance of SBE as a learning and teaching methodology has been fuelled by the patient safety agenda and the recognition of the importance of SBE in providing safe and effective patient care. A major imperative of the simulation community is to support this drive through the development of high quality evidence that demonstrates the impact of SBE on patient outcomes.
A crucial element in achieving this high quality evidence is the need to optimise the learning of participants during SBE activities. Fundamental to this is the need for high quality pedagogic evidence to support and guide the design and delivery of SBE as a learning and teaching methodology. This presentation will introduce and discuss a number of theoretical concepts such as cognitive load theory that are gaining increasing prominence in the SBE community and that have the potential to have a significant impact on how we design and deliver SBE programmes.


ABSTRACT In this article, we reflect on and examine the experiences of three doctoral students, and their thesis advisor, in discussing how we adjusted our research methods and assumptions to the new conditions of life and society that resulted from the COVID-19 pandemic. We discuss how our understandings of the embodied presence of the researcher, the location of research and writing, and the affordances of digital technologies are becoming more prominent and often rethought as issues of stance. We approach this discussion as co-explorers in charting new conceptions of and strategies toward research, as well as the relationships and mentoring practices between graduate students and their advisor.


can generate valuable funds to conservation projects while at the same time educating tourists and local people about the value of wildlife and conservation. Conversely, it is often responsible for driving uncontrolled development, increased pollution, the introduction of invasive species and a whole host of associated social ills. Tourism's Jekyll and Hyde character is also apparent when viewed through the lens of climate change. Huge numbers of Europeans and North Americans fleeing to sunnier climes are clearly a major contributor to greenhouse gases, yet many of the resorts where they end up are heavily reliant on the income that tourism brings. Ironically, many of the tropical 'paradises' that are most dependent on tourism income (such as the Maldives and the Seychelles) are also predicted to suffer the most significant consequences of anthropogenic climate change, such as sea level rise and an increase in the frequency and intensity of tropical storms. The first three chapters of this timely and thoughtful book explore these issues in a very concise and accessible manner, giving the reader a clear conceptual framework within which to understand the multifaceted relationship between climate change and tourism. Becken and Hay's identification of 'climate-tourism hotspots' (parts of the world that are economically dependent on tourism and which are forecast to have both high tourist arrivals and significant changes in climate in the near future) is particularly useful and a clear step forward in bring about appropriate global tourism planning and prioritizing it. Considerable depth is added to these conceptual bones through the careful use of case studies from alpine Europe and small island states. The following seven chapters expand upon this conceptual framework, discussing in detail the causes of global climate change, the principles of climate change accounting, mitigation measures, adaptation strategies and finally, climate change practices and policy for tourism. Although the abundant tables and bullet points make the book sometimes read a little like a consultancy report it should be very well received by policy-makers and tourism professionals who are, perhaps, more used this style than academics. That said, I fully expect this book to become required reading for tourism and ecotourism courses in universities around the world. As an up-to-date summary of a rapidly expanding area of tourism research it deserves a wide readership and, unusually for an academic book, will be genuinely useful to practitioners and planners. From the perspective of conservation, Becken and Hays acknowledge that the interaction between tourism, climate change and ecosystems is complex. Climate change will certainly result in rapid and dramatic biogeographical and ecological changes and these will undoubtedly influence the desirability of some tourism destinations. However, the precision of our ecological forecasts are still poor, let alone the potential knock-on effects of ecosystem change on tourism. Action on all fronts is clearly required, and with over 800 million international tourists travelling every year time is of the essence. Given that it is hugely unlikely that the global flow of tourism will be turned off in the near future, it seems there are few choices but to mitigate, adapt and try to assess the risks ever more accurately.


We examine the impact of the values respect for others and responsibility on productivity and the accumulation of physical and human capital for a sample of 58 countries. We find that these two core values are important and that their impact is substantial. Respect for others works primarily through productivity whereas responsibility is important to investment in physical and human capital. We also show that respect and responsibility are embedded in institutions and may overcome the negative macroeconomic effects associated with fractionalized societies.


The utility model relates to an automatic zero position resetting apparatus for the operating handle of a manual controller. The utility model is suitable for a desk type master controller, a cam controller and the linking control desk of a hoister. A thumb wheel is connected with a control shaft. Both sides of the thumb wheel are provided with two thumb blocks which can rotate around a pivot shaft. The positions of the zero positions of the thumb blocks are confirmed by a limiting device. The thumb wheel is thumbed by the thumb blocks with the action of a helical extension spring or a helical compression spring. The zero position of the thumb wheel can be reset, and the zero position of an operating handle can be automatically reset.


A three‐port cascade de‐embedding procedure utilized to accurately eliminate the source dangling leg effect of a pseudomorphic High Electron Mobility Transistor (pHEMT) test structure without shielding is presented. The measured device under test (DUT) is de‐embedded by using the experimental and electromagnetic (EM) simulated data of dummy structures and their difference is below 1%. In addition, the extracted equivalent circuit parameters of the pHEMT exhibit the frequency‐independent characteristics, indicating the dangling leg parasitic is removed accurately. These demonstrate that the presented three‐port cascade de‐embedding method is valid so that the de‐embedded results of the pHEMT can reflect the physical electron trapping effect at microwave frequency. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:77–83, 2014


Drug delivery is a multidisciplinary field. Researchers recently developed a drug-delivery system to mitigate some problems associated with jet-injection drug delivery, and also improved on the design and operation of microscale actuators as a possible drug-delivery methodThe Parenteral administration route is the most common and efficient for delivery of active drug substances with poor bio-availability and the drugs with a narrow therapeutic index. But parenteral route offers rapid onset of action with rapid declines of systemic drug level. For the sake of effective treatment it is often desirable to maintain systemic drug levels within the therapeutically effective concentration range for as long as treatment calls for.Parenteral drug delivery systems are the preparations that are given other than oral route. (Para-outside, enteric–intestine). Parenteral drug delivery systems are most preferred drug delivery systems as they meet many benefits over other dosage forms in many cases such as unconsciousness, nausea, in emergency clinical episodes. The Parenteral administration route is the most common and efficient for delivery of active drug substances with poor bioavailability and the drugs with a narrow therapeutic index. But Parenteral route offers rapid onset of action with rapid declines of systemic drug level. For the sake of effective treatment it is often desirable to maintain systemic drug levels within the therapeutically effective concentration range for as long as treatment calls for. It requires frequent injection, which ultimately leads to patient discomfort. For this reason, drug delivery system which can reduce total number of injection throughout the effective treatment, improve patient compliance as well as pharmacoeconomic. © 2014 Elixir All rights reserved. Elixir Pharmacy 69 (2014) 23710-23715 Pharmacy Available online at www.elixirpublishers.com (Elixir International Journal)


To evaluate the energy consumption of buildings as well as resident building accurately, dynamic heating load calculation is essential because outdoor temperature and solar radiation are varied with time and heat loss to the ground is also due to unsteady conduction. In this study, the dynamic heating load was cumputed by numerical calculation and first order heat transfer equation with explicit method. The subject of the study was λ a room with ceiling space using water-to-water heat pump for heating. During this intermittent heating of the floor, the temperature distribution of the floor, each walls, indoor and underground and the heat flux from the floor were calculated according to the varied outdoor temperature. The surface temperature of the floor calculated in this study was verified with the experimental results in 1991.


Background Early diagnosis and proper management of a large number of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients are great challenges for the Chinese health care system. Although tiered medical services have been promoted by the Chinese government since 2015, they have not been ideally implemented for COPD diagnosis and management. Patients and Methods We designed a cross-sectional study. Eligible COPD patients (n = 648) and physicians (n = 161) were consecutively recruited from 8 hospitals in different tiers in China. COPD characteristics and treatments were compared among hospitals in different tiers. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify risk factors associated with airflow limitation, symptoms and acute exacerbation. Results The PFT rate at first diagnosis was 99%, 69.4% and 29.9% in teaching, second-tier and community hospitals (P < 0.001). Only approximately 10.9%, 1.7% and 9.6% and 21.8%, 6.9% and 32% of COPD patients received influenza or pneumococcal vaccines (P < 0.001). The proportion of patients who did not use inhaled drugs or had irregular inhalation was 2%, 24.6% and 78.8% (P < 0.001). Education level (RR-1 = −41.26%, P = 0.007), FEV1%pred (RR-1 = −2.76%, P < 0.001), and influenza vaccination in the last year (RR-1 = −64.53%, P = 0.006) were all negatively correlated with COPD acute exacerbation (AE). COPD duration (RR-1 = 131.73%, P = 0.009), AE (RR-1 = 151.39%, P < 0.001), and COPD Assessment Test (CAT) scores (RR-1 = 3.82%, P = 0.019) were all positively correlated with COPD airflow limitation severity. Conclusion Differences exist in the diagnosis, treatment and management of COPD among different tiers of hospitals in China. Teaching hospitals can manage COPD patients relatively well. There are still some gaps compared with developed countries.


Through the introduction of firewall technology and intrusion detection technology, this paper analyses their own deficiencies and presents a new approach applying firewall and IDS to the network. IDS will be a good complement to firewall, and the firewall can find intrusion by using IDS. In addition, IDS can cut off the invasion from out network through firewall.


International trade brings more and more attention to the public. Understanding the trade behaviour is essential for the policy makers as well as business leaders for decision making. Since the trade events are numerous and complex, it is challenging for people to catch up with the trade transactions let alone decision making. This paper applies the visualization techniques to show the trade trends and behaviours. With the visualization interface, it is much clear to understand the international trade and catch the significant trends. In addition, we also analyse the behaviour via mathematical modelling and data mining techniques. Our work assists a lot for government and business leaders to discover the trade patterns and make decisions.


This paper implements the compressed sensing theory into the inverse synthetic aperture radar imaging and the reconstruction under sparse sampling. The physical optics method based on quadratic discretization is employed to obtain backscattered fields with respected to multi-frequency and multi-azimuth angle scan. Due to the sparse characteristics in image domain, compressed sensing theory is utilized for reconstructing the 2D ISAR image under sparse sampling.


This thesis presents an asymptotically fast algorithm to count points on typical genus-2 hyperelliptic curves over large prime fields Fp . Specifically, the algorithm takes time ≤ (1g p) 8 (lg lg p)1+o(1) and space ≤ (lg p)5(lg lg p)0+o(1). The algorithm has been implemented and, by computer experiments, demonstrated to work on randomly chosen examples.
The previously fastest algorithm is due to Gaudry and Schost, improving upon a previous algorithm by Gaudry and Harley. The algorithm in this thesis has three important asymptotic improvements over the previous algorithms.
The ideas used in this algorithm are also expected to be useful in practice. In very recent followup work, extending the work presented in this thesis and incorporating other ideas, Gaudry and Schost have successfully counted points on a genus-2 curve over a 127-bit prime field. Continued computations will eventually find a suitable curve to standardize for high-speed high-security genus-2 hyperelliptic-curve cryptography, specifically a secure Gaudry-form genus-2 hyperelliptic curve with small coefficients.


The versatility and portability of PLC (Programmable Logical Control)program are analyzed thoroughly in the article.According to the testing function of door-lock latch of automobile,the versatile PLC software platform about testing system of door-lock latch of automobile was founded on the programmable mode PLC's SFC (Sequential Function Chart).According as the design mode in this paper,the PLC software can be ported again at different brand's PLC.


Background The objective of this study was to assess the costs, catastrophic out-of-pocket (OOP) health expenditure, impoverishment and coping mechanisms used to pay for surgical care in a predominantly rural area of Ethiopia. Methods We conducted a community-based, cross-sectional household survey of 182 people who had undergone a surgical procedure. Participants were interviewed in their homes at six weeks post-operation. Using a contextually adapted version of the Study of global AGEing and adult health (SAGE) questionnaire, we estimated direct and indirect costs of surgical care from a household perspective. Catastrophic out-of-pocket (OOP) health expenditure was estimated using thresholds of 10% and 25% of annual household consumption expenditure. Impacts of surgical care payments on poverty levels was estimated by comparing pre- and post-operative OOP payments. Analysis of variance, t-test and a logit model were used to assess factors associated with catastrophic OOP health expenditure. Results Most surgical patients were women (87.9%), with 65% receiving obstetric surgical care. Direct costs dominated expenditure: direct medical costs Birr 1649.5 (44.6%), direct non-medical costs Birr 1226.5 (33.2%), indirect costs Birr 821.9 (22.2%). Catastrophic OOP surgical care expenditure was experienced by 69.2% households at the 10% threshold and 45.6% at the 25% threshold. The increase in average normalized poverty gap due to OOP surgical care expenditure was higher in non-obstetric (14.1%) compared to obstetric (5.8%) procedures, and for non-emergency (13.3%) compared to emergency care (6.3%). To pay for surgical care, 38% of households had sold assets and 5% had borrowed money. Conclusions Due to surgical care, households faced severe financial burdens leading to impoverishment. Households implemented hardship coping strategies to mitigate the financial constraints. Provision of free maternal care reduced but did not eliminate these burdens. There is a pressing need to tailor financial risk protection mechanisms to achieve universal coverage for surgical care.


On Friday, 13 December 1963, the National Emergency Civil Liberties Committee (NECLC) organized their annual Bill of Rights dinner in order to present a distinguished individual with its Tom Paine Award. That night, the award was given to a young singer-songwriter dressed in a suede jacket and a pair of blue jeans, attire that starkly contrasted with the furs, pearls, and bow ties worn by the mostly wealthy and elderly liberal NECLC ranks. In his controversial acceptance speech Bob Dylan declared his political independence by stating: 'There's no black and white, left and right to me anymore; there's only up and down and down is very close to the ground. And I'm trying to go up without thinking about anything trivial such as politics.' By 1963, Dylan had become a symbol of the New Left and the Civil Rights Movement, a role that made him uncomfortable. Interestingly, Dylan used two distinct terms to demonstrate his political autonomy; he no longer wanted to be associated with the 'left' or the 'right'. These labels are clearly not Dylan's inventions nor are they merely a vestigial homage to the seating arrangement in the French Estates General of 1789 where supporters of the Ancien Regime sat to the right of the Assembly president and supporters of the revolution to his left. The terms 'left' and 'right' have come to identify distinct historical traditions, different conceptions of the good society, and alternative lifestyles. In the contemporary world, political scientists, politicians, journalists, and voters have come to associate broad streams of ideas with the terms 'left' and 'right'. Although the left–right dimension is


Z-scan and Degenerate four wave mixing studies were carried out in tetra phenyl porphyrins having different peripheral substituents with varying electron affinities. Figure of merit of third order nonlineariry (F), Third order susceptibility (xj and Second hyper polarizability  of these samples were measured using DFWM technique. The effect of wavelength, concentration and solvents on the NLO behaviour of these samples were also studied using z-scan technique and the nonlinear absorption coefficient (f3efd and imaginary part of susceptibility tensor [Im(xef/)] were measured. The measured nonlinear parameters of these samples are explained on the basis of the combined effect of nonlinear absorption, oscillator srrength and internal charge transfer mechanism. The optical limiting studies carried out in these samples shows that the unsubstituted porphyrins posses comparably better limiting nature over the other samples. Chapter 5: Z-Scan and .


This article presents a collection of letters written by Hipolita Rois de Liori which are addressed to several people around him. Through these private writings we can catch a glimpse of his personality, his interests and the world around him. The letters written by Hipolita number twenty-nine, two of which have been transcribed in the appendix.


Experiences of the past ten to fifteen years have changed the outlook of cardiac disease complicated by pregnancy remarkably. The family physican should re-examine the teachings and thoughts of the past and reorient his approach to this problem in advice, prognosis and management.


This inquiry explored quantitative and qualitative items in relation to Web-based instruction for undergraduate courses in social work. A questionnaire including demographics items, 5-point Likert scale items, and open-ended questions was used to explore and describe students' comfort level in taking the Web-based courses, perceptions of best forums for learning in the Web-based courses, and students' developmental learning level.


In earlier electron microscopic studies of mycobacteriophage (1), micrographs were obtained which suggested that a study of the intracellular development of phage might reveal information on the morphogenesis of virus particles. Phage D32 was selected because it is the largest of the four mycobacteriophages studied (head diameter, 80 mu and tail length, 220 mu) and has the longest latent period. The latent period is approximately one hundred minutes, the rise period lasts for twenty minutes, and lysis occurs one hundred and twenty minutes after adsorption of phage to bacteria (2).


Genetic differentiation between winter spawning cohort and autumn spawning cohort of Illex argentinus was evaluated and the impact of temporal variation on winter spawning cohort at one location was measured using 7 microsatellite DNA loci.The results showed that the number of average alleles and average effective alleles was 23.14 and 10.43 respectively.All microsatellite markers were highly polymorphic(PIC = 0.590-0.931) and the three groups contained high genetic variations(Ho = 0.796-0.904).The pairwise fixation index F-statistics(Fst) and analysis of molecular variance(AMOVA) showed that no significant genetic differentiation existed between winter spawning cohort and autumn spawning cohort and no significant effect on genetic diversity of the temporal variation in winter spawning cohort was detected.UPGMA clustering tree based on Nei's genetic distance demonstrated that two groups of winter spawning cohort clustered together.Being a migratory species,different spawning cohorts of I.argentinus may mingle during their spawning migration,and the frequent gene flows may occur,which makes two spawning cohorts genetically homogeneous.


Connected coverage, which reflects how well a target field is monitored under the base station, is the most important performance metrics used to measure the quality of surveillance that wireless sensor networks (WSNs) can provide. To facilitate the measurement of this metrics, we propose two novel algorithms for individual sensor nodes to identify whether they are on the coverage boundary, i.e., the boundary of a coverage hole or network partition. Our algorithms are based on two novel computational geometric techniques called localized Voronoi and neighbor embracing polygons. As compared to previous work, our algorithms can be applied to WSNs of arbitrary topologies. They are also truly distributed and localized by merely needing the minimal position information of one-hop neighbors and a limited number of simple local computations, and thus are of high scalability and energy efficiency. We show the correctness and efficiency of our algorithms by theoretical proofs and extensive simulations.


Objective To diagnosis the situation of using narcotic pain medicine.Methods Analysed narcotic drugs prescription in 2006-2008,using the minimum daily dose(DDD)and value and drug-using frequency(DDDS),drug utilization index(DUI)was valued.Results Except prescription ratio of morphine sulfate modified-release table,morphine hydrochloride iniection and fentanyl citrate transdermal patch increased,the other hadn′t changed much.The DUI of meperidine hydrochloride iniection,morphine hydrochloride iniection,codeine phosphate tablet(30mg),fentanyl citrate transdermal patch was less than 1;DUI of morphine sulfate modified-release table was greater than 1,but less than 1;DUI of fentanyl citrate injection(0.1mg)was greater than 1.5 while fentanyl citrate injection(0.5mg)was greater than 2.Conclusion Prescription ratio of morphine sulfate modified-release table and fentanyl citrate transdermal patch were as first choice medicine in cancer.


A simple pulse sequence, based on a double 13C echo and off gated proton decoupling, is shown to yield four subspectra (C, CH, CH2 and CH3) from linear combinations of four different experiments. This procedure has two advantages: (1) experimental simplicity, keeping instrumental adjustments to a minimum and (2) acquisition of the four experiments under identical lengths of the evolution period, thus eliminating any spurious effects due to transverse relaxation.


Protodolomite was synthesized from sea water containing dioxane by adding 0.4M Na2CO3 solution at 40°C. The presence of dioxane in moderate concentrations (3 to 8vol%) in a parent solution favors the formation of CaCO3(calcite)-MgCO3 solid solution. Optimal condition for protodolomite synthesis was established. The mineral synthesized from sea water containing dioxane was very superior in size and crystallinity as compared to that from highly saline but dioxane-free solutions.


We extend the notion of phantom energy, which is generally accepted for homogeneously distributed matter with w<-1 in the universe, on inhomogeneous spherically symmetric spacetime configurations. A spherically symmetric distribution of phantom energy is shown to be able to support the existence of static wormholes. We find an exact solution describing a static spherically symmetric wormhole with phantom energy and show that a spatial distribution of the phantom energy is mainly restricted by the vicinity of the wormhole's throat. The maximal size of the spherical region, surrounding the throat and containing the most part of the phantom energy, depends on the equation-of-state parameter w and cannot exceed some upper limit.


Biopotential signals such as Electrocardiogram (ECG), Electromyogram (EMG), Electroencephalogram (EEG), etc. have very small amplitudes and low frequencies. One of the most important component in a biomedical electronic detection system is the biopotential acquisition device. In this paper, a new current-mode analog front-end for biopotential signal acquisition is proposed. It consists of a programmable gain current-mode amplifier (PGC-MA) and a second order current mode low-pass filter (C-MLPF). The implementation of the amplifier and the low-pass filter was done using Externally Linear Internally Nonlinear (ELIN) circuits. The ELIN blocks were implemented using log-domain circuits. Due to this approach, the gain (G) of the PGC-MA, corner frequency (ω0), quality factor (Q) and gain (A) of the C-MLPF, can be tuned using some bias currents. To decrease the power consumption, CMOS transistors operating in subthreshold region were used. The basic building blocks were implemented on a 180nm CMOS process. Spice simulations were performed to validate the proposed solution.


This paper presents the vivo speech synthesis system for Blizzard Challenge 2019. The task is to build an expressive speech synthesis system on an 8-hour corpus of a well-known Chinese talk-show character. Our system is based on Tacotron with several minor improvements, which are more clear speech energy normalization, outlier removal of problematic shorter utterances, and special phone modelling for explicit long silences, audible breath sounds, and mouth-click sounds. Evaluation results showed that the proposed system is somewhat successful.


The paper describes the recently developped communication controller system implemented by 80C196. It is designed in accordance with special application requirements incorporating wire, wireless, data and voice transmission functions to complete the automatic switch-over of wirewireless transmission, the automatic selection of transmission route, the diagnosis of fault, and the tracking and transition of key user's call.


Abstract This article explores the complex intersubjective relationships of teacher–learners, on a MA English Language Teaching course. The pedagogical aim of the module is to promote collaborative teacher–learner autonomy for professional development using asynchronous computer mediated communication to collaborate on a variety of tasks. Interview data reveals tensions and struggles between participants which appear to hinder their opportunities to collaborate and engage with the course. This study also explores the dissonance and tensions between the teacher educator's pedagogical aspirations, expectations and assumptions about participants and participants' own perspectives of themselves and others. This dissonance prompted a re-examination of the importance of intersubjective relationships in education and the emergence of the teacher as communal agent as and educational ideal.


Managing an ever increasing range of CAL software is a problem for many educators. Our own experience of accessing more than 70 different computer based tutorials under Windows 3.11 led to a confusing display of program groups and icons which undergraduates found difficult to use. To address these problems we installed a prototype courseware management system (Caleidoscope), which prepared structured navigation menus. The manager provided facilities for logging the use of each software package (activity) and for preparing user profiles for each registered user. The system proved successful as a navigation aid and for acquiring performance data. A survey of undergraduate users indicated approval and acceptance of the navigation architecture.


Two sepiolites (SEPs) were respectively used as the fillers in glycerol plasticized-cassava starch (GPS) matrix by the casting process. Scanning electron microscopy proved that SEPs were dispersed well in the GPS matrix. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy indicated that silanol groups at the external surface of SEPs could form the interaction with C-O-H and C-O-C groups in starch molecules. The introduction of SEPs improved the tensile strength, thermal stability, the pasting viscosity and restrained water vapor permeability, but reduced the elongation at break of the composites. SEP-fiber imparted the composites better properties than SEP-velvet, except for the resistance of moisture adsorption. SEP-velvet could decrease the water contents at the equilibrium of the composites.


The relationship between husband and wife played an important role in traditional society.It was regulated by various means in order to establish an ideal and stable pattern,in which husband was dominant while wife was subordinate and husband took care of external affairs while wife took care of domestic affairs so that a lasting relation could be maintained.Nevertheless,reality often fell short of expectations.The relationship between them manifested itself in such varied patterns as"a dominant husband with a subordinate wife","companions","conflicting opponents",etc.It is concluded in the paper that the relationship between husband and wife is not only affected by social regulations but also adjusted by factors such as the adaptations of the disciplines,affection between husband and wife,the spouse's relation with other members of the family,the change of husband's social status and wife's family background.


therodactylus. Quart. Jour. Florida Acad. Sci. 28: 375-391. TURNER, F. B., AND G. S. GIST. 1970. Observations of lizards and tree frogs in an irradiated Puerto Rican forest, p. E25-E50. In: A tropical rain forest. H. T. Odum (ed.). Division of Technical Information, USAEC TID-24270. erodactylus. Quart. Jour. Florida Ac d. Sci. 28: PUERTO RICO NUCLEAR CENTER AND SMITHSONIAN TROPICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE, BOX 2072, BALBOA, PANAMA. PRESENT ADDRESS: (GED): OFFICE OF ENDANGERED SPECIES, US FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, WASHINGTON, D.C. 20240. Accepted 2 Nov. 1982.


Purpose:Anobjective response rate of11%was reported in patients with recurrent and/ormetastatic squamous cell carcinomaof theheadandneck (SCCHN) treatedwith 500mgdaily gefitinib although the recommended dose in lung cancer is 250 mg.This study evaluated the efficacy and toxicity of 250mg daily gefitinib in patients with recurrent and/or metastatic SCCHN. Experimental Design:Phase II trialwithobjective response rate as theprimaryendpoint.Measurements of quality of life and levels of serum vascular endothelial growth factor and transforming growth factor-awere assessed before and during therapy. Results: In 70 patients,1 (1.4%)partial responsewas observed.Medianprogression-free survival and overall survival were 1.8 and 5.5 months, respectively. Quality of life scores improved transiently during the first weeks of therapy before returning to baseline. Median vascular endothelial growth factor and transforming growth factor-a levels were above the normal range but were not predictive of outcome. Four patients experienced grade 3 drug-related adverse events. Rash of any gradewas observed in 64% of subjects. Correlation between disease control (partial response + stable disease), progression-free survival, and overall survival and grade of cutaneous toxicity was observed (P = 0.001, 0.001, and 0.008 respectively). Conclusions:Gefitinib monotherapy at 250 mg in recurrent and/or metastatic SCCHN seems to have less activity than was previously observed for 500 mg daily. A dose-response relationship may exist for this agent in SCCHN and grade of cutaneous toxicity attributable to gefitinib is a clinical predictor of better outcome. Early in the development of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)–targeted therapy, SCCHN seemed to be suitable for this strategy because expression of this receptor and/or its ligands is almost universal and increased expression has been linked with poor outcome. SCCHN affects f40,000 people in the United States annually with up to 50% of patients succumbing to the disease due to recurrence or development of metastases (1). Preclinical studies using a variety of EGFR inhibitors suggested that these agents would be clinically efficacious and EGFR targeted agents have shown reproducible activity in SCCHN (2). For patients with few therapeutic options, the response and survival rates reported were encouraging especially in light of the favorable tolerability of these agents. In a phase II trial involving 52 patients, the objective response rate using the small molecule EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) gefitinib at a dose of 500 mg daily was 10.6% with a median time to progression and overall survival of 3.4 and 8.1 months, respectively (3). A significant positive correlation between development of skin toxicity and these outcome measures was also observed. Just before that report, results of two randomized phase II trials in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) comparing gefitinib 250 to 500 mg daily showed similar efficacy for both doses, whereas the lower dose was better tolerated (4, 5). Symptom intensity measured with validated indices has been incorporated into previous EGFR TKI trials to explore whether there were potential benefits beyond observed objective responses. Preclinical data have also suggested that EGFR modulates the level of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and can be influenced by levels of its ligand, transforming growth factor-a (TGF-a). A number of in vivo experiments have suggested that EGFR TKIs have antiangiogenic effects by inhibiting VEGF production (6, 7). We hypothesized that serum levels of VEGF Cancer Therapy: Clinical Authors' Affiliations: Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine; University of Chicago Cancer Research Center ; Departments of Health Studies and Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center and the DenverVeterans Affairs Medical Center, Denver, Colorado; Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Evanston Northwestern Healthcare, Evanston, Illinois; and Division of Hematology and Oncology, Long IslandJewishMedical Center, NewHyde Park, NewYork Received 6/9/05; revised 8/25/05; accepted 9/2/05. Grant support: Astra-Zeneca Pharmaceuticals, University of Chicago Cancer Research Center (National Cancer Institute grant 5P30CA14599-31), and University of Chicago Pharmacology Core Facility. The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges.This article must therefore be hereby marked advertisement in accordance with18 U.S.C. Section1734 solely to indicate this fact. Requests for reprints: Ezra Cohen, Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, 5841South Maryland Avenue, MC2115, Chicago, IL 60637. Phone: 773-702-4137; Fax: 773-834-0188; E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com. F2005 American Association for Cancer Research. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-05-1247 www.aacrjournals.org Clin Cancer Res 2005;11(23) December1, 2005 8418 Research. on June 9, 2017. © 2005 American Association for Cancer clincancerres.aacrjournals.org Downloaded from would be decreased in patients treated with gefitinib and that the extent of reduction would correlate positively with outcome (i.e., patients with the greatest decrease in circulating VEGF levels would experience the greatest benefit). Conversely, TGF-a has been implicated as the principal ligand for EGFR in the human system, has been shown to promote tumor growth through autocrine mechanisms, and has been negatively correlated with outcome in SCCHN (8, 9). TGF-a activation of EGFR signaling can be inhibited by EGFRtargeted therapy and TGF-a production per se is reduced upon exposure to gefitinib in preclinical models (7, 10, 11). We hypothesized, therefore, that TGF-a serum levels would reflect the tumor microenvironment, that these levels would indicate a tumor that is dependent on TGF-a/EGFR signaling, and that patients with higher pretreatment TGF-a levels would be more likely to benefit from EGFR TKI therapy. In addition, because TGF-a in SCCHN is produced by tumor cells themselves, a reduction in tumor burden should be reflected as lower levels of circulating TGF-a. The current study evaluated the objective response rate, progression-free survival, and overall survival in patients with recurrent or metastatic SCCHN treated with 250 mg gefitinib daily. In addition, the effects of gefitinib on quality of life (QoL), serum TGF-a, and serum VEGF were measured. Materials andMethods Patient enrollment. The protocol and informed consent document were reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board at each participating institution. Eligibility criteria included patients over the age of 18 with pathologically confirmed, recurrent or metastatic SCCHN not amenable to curative intent therapy, with measurable disease as defined by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (12), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of V2, leukocyte count z3,000/AL, absolute neutrophil count z1,500/AL, platelet count z100,000/AL, total bilirubin within institutional normal limits, aspartate amino transferase and amino alanine transferase V2.5 times the institutional normal limit, and creatinine V1.5 mg/dL. Patients were not allowed to have undergone any radiotherapy or chemotherapy within 28 days of entering study and were not allowed any prior EGFR-directed therapy. All patients were required to understand and sign the informed consent document before treatment. Treatment plan and dose modifications. All patients received gefitinib 250 mg daily orally starting from day 1 of therapy without planned interruptions. Feeding tube administration was allowed as there is documented bioequivalence when compared with oral administration (13). Each cycle was defined as 28 days in length. Dose interruption was allowed for a maximum of 14 days in the event of grade 3 or 4 toxicity or unacceptable grade 2 toxicity. In the event of grade 3 or 4 cutaneous or gastrointestinal toxicity, gefitinib was interrupted until resolution to grade 1 or less. Control of diarrhea using over-the-counter antidiarrheal medication was allowed. Antiemetic and other supportive care agents, including remedies for skin toxicity, were allowed. Patients were continued on study until objective progression of disease, an adverse event necessitating discontinuation, voluntary patient withdrawal, or the physician investigator felt it necessary to discontinue therapy. Response, toxicity, and quality of life assessment. Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (12) were used for objective tumor response assessment. Computed tomography scanning was the preferred baseline and reevaluation technique. Patients were seen by a physician every 4 weeks and reevaluated radiographically every 8 weeks. In addition to a baseline scan, confirmatory scans were obtained 4 weeks following initial documentation of an objective response. For metastatic skin lesions, documentation by color photography, including a ruler to estimate the size of the lesion, was recommended. The National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria version 2.0 was used to grade toxicity. QoL was measured using a recently developed abbreviated instrument, the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy–Head and Neck Symptom Index-10 (FHNSI-10). This brief symptom index, designed by David Cella et al. (14) is a more symptom-focused index specifically for use with patients with advanced and/or recurrent/refractory SCCHN. Disease-related symptoms and concerns from the functional assessment of cancer therapy for head and neck cancer were presented to 65 experts in treating advanced head and neck cancer. These experts then selected the five most important symptoms/concerns to assess in treating advanced SCCHN. The 10 items included in the FHNSI-10 represent those items endorsed by 20% or


In this paper, existence and uniqueness of mild solutions for semilinear impulsive neutral fractional integrodifferential equations with nonlocal conditions in the α -norm are investigated by using Banach contraction principle and a fixed point theorem for condensing maps.


FIG. 5. Hematoxylin and eosin stain; original magnification 100. Colonic biopsy coinciding with an area of ulceration, lined with fibrin and granulation tissue, and containing a mixed inflammatory infiltrate, mainly composed of granulocytes and scattered lymphocytes. The submucosa appears diffusely edematous and shows a small arteriole with subendothelial edema and swollen endothelia. At the periphery, the mucosa shows hyperplasticreactive changes. (Image courtesy of Rita Alaggio, MD; Department of Pathology, University of Padua, Italy.)


Happiness is the ontological state of human nature by which it is defined as a being endowed with reason, will and feeling. Anthropological analysis, whether it is carried out from a theological perspective or from a philosophical perspective, places man in a continuous ascent towards happiness. Thus, the question can be asked: which of the two ethical systems can define the human person as the possessor of morality and happiness, and what are their limits?


It is shown that a previous hypothesis for a surge on Barnes Ice Cap is strongly supported by several independent sources of evidence.


The apparatus includes a shaft, an end effector, the articulating section. Articulating section is disposed between the shaft and the end effector. Articulating section includes a proximal portion and a distal portion. The distal portion is pivotable relative to the proximal portion to the first pivot axis around. Reinforcing member extending between the proximal and distal portions. The reinforcing member is configured to pivot relative to the proximal portion to the second pivot axis around. The reinforcing member is configured to pivot relative to the distal portion to the third pivot axis around. Articulating section may comprise a combination of pivoting section and bending section. Reinforcing member, the beam emitted when the firing beam is driven through the articulation sections articulated can prevent buckling.


The RUNE project (railway user navigation equipment) is aimed at demonstrating the use of GNSS integrity and safety of life service characteristics for defining a satellite-based system to perform train location for safe railway applications. ALS-Laben is leading a consortium for the development and demonstration of the RUNE equipment, under ESA contract. The project involves both a HW-In-the-Loop laboratory set-up as well as a 3 months field-testing on-board an experimental train of the Italian train operator Trenitalia. The primary objective is to demonstrate the improvement of the train self-capability in determining its own position and velocity, with a limited or no support from the trackside, and to show that the equipment can comply with the European Railway Train Management System requirements. The RUNE technical solution is based on GNSS receivers: navigation data will come from GPS with differential EGNOS corrections (European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service) to enable autonomous and reliable determination of train position, velocity under practically all environmental conditions. The system will offer another technological approach for the train location function: the use of GNSS signals integrated with inertial sensors and on-board odometers, in an "intelligent" system of mutual calibration, error filtering and error correction, represents a technical, industrial and operational challenge. Availability and integrity requirements are the most challenging obstacles towards an ERTMS/ETCS compliant GNSS aided railway navigation equipment. RUNE is designed to take advantage of the current EGNOS integrity and wide area differential correction service and extend its availability through an hybrid navigation system based on GPS/EGNOS, INS and Odometer data processed by a navigation EKF. The achievement of such objective would lead to the reduction of the frequency of physical balises by replacing them with virtual ones, with a significant reduction of the infrastructure costs (initial investment and recurring maintenance costs), whilst still maintaining the level of safety currently provided. This will be made possible by RUNE by producing to the on-board train control equipment a balise-crossing message when a virtual balise is detected. RUNE will also assist the locomotive engineer on approaching signal locations on the basis of a track map, and on controlling the train velocity on the basis of allowed velocity profiles, with resulting improvements in the safety and security of operations. In the long run, RUNE is expected to provide real time/continuous information also to the railway traffic control centre on trains position and speed. This will permit not only increased safety and security of the operations, but also possible increases in operating speeds, increases in track capacity, reductions in conventional infrastructure investments and maintenance, fuel consumption reductions, enhanced fleet management, as well as improved customer service. This paper will focus on safety analysis of the RUNE demonstration prototype and can be considered as the basis for the building of the safety case of future signalling systems using RUNE functions.


Simple renal cysts are rare in children although numbers detected have increased of late owing to ultrasonography. Where the lesion is asymptomatic and the diagnosis is not in doubt, an expectant approach is appropriate, but other circumstances may call for active intervention. We describe their treatment by sclerotherapy. Between the years 1986 and 1990, 2880 renal ultrasound scans were performed on children referred to the Department of Urology. Sixteen renal cysts were identified in 16 patients, an incidence of 0.55%. In two cases symptoms were considered to be related to the cysts and in two further cases ultrasonography could not exclude other lesions. This female child presented at 4 years of age with episodic left hypochondrial pain. Intravenous urography (IVU) suggested a space-occupying lesion within the left upper renal pole, which ultrasonography confirmed as a simple, 4 cm × 4 cm cyst (Fig. 1a).