The purpose of this article is to analyze the effectiveness of an investment project. In the theoretical part, the authors cite the essence of the category "investment", "investment project" from the point of view of different authors. The popularity of the use of criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of IPs directly depends on the method of calculating indicators, the degree of difficulty in performing calculations. Using international practice and information can determine the strengths and weaknesses. The analysis of the investment project effectiveness is held on, the land for the greenhouse complex construction is located in the Republic of Bashkortostan. Performance indicators of the investment project, conclusions are calculated. 1. Theoretical foundations of the investment project effectiveness The economic nature of investments is due to the regularities of the expanded reproduction process and consists in using part of the additional social product to increase the quantity and quality of all elements of the system of productive forces of society. [11] The concept of "investment" has become a commonly used term in the economic sector. The key concept of not only the investment process, but also the investment activity in general, is the concept of "investment project" (hereinafter referred to as the IP). The problem of evaluating the effectiveness and implementation of IP is crucial for the socio-economic development of enterprises and is becoming increasingly relevant due to the current chronic underfunding of practically all industries in


Jose Ponce Bernal (Huelva 1898 - Madrid 1940) was a Spanish journalist and politician, who lived in the first third of the 20th century. His life and work has recently been object of a doctoral thesis. He's an example of a journalist, who saw in that job the suitable instrument to change society. Through his articles he wanted to influence the thinking of his contemporaries and decided to take political actions. He was an intellectual committed to society, who had to live in a time of social and political turmoil. His close link to left-wing politics was responsible for a tragic end after the Spanish civil-war.


The feeding behavior and feeding preference of Neospastis simaona Wang larvae was studied,including the effect of the light or dark conditions on food consumption.The results showed that the mean frequency and the total time spent on feeding increased with instar,whereas the time spent on each meal did not.N.simaona larvae preferred the leaves of Schima superba.The 4th instars preferred young leaves but the 5th and 6th instars did not display a preference between young and old leaves.Light or dark conditions did not influence food consumption of the 4th—6th instars(P0.05).


Botnets often spread through massive Internet-wide scanning, identifying and infecting vulnerable Internet-facing devices to grow their network. Taking down these networks is often hard for law enforcement, and some people have proposed tarpits as a defensive method because it does not require seizing infrastructure or rely on device owners to make sure their devices are well-configured and protected. These tarpits are network services that aim to keep a malware-infected device busy and slow down or eradicate the malicious behavior.This paper identifies a network-based tarpit vulnerability in stateless-scanning malware and develops a tarpitting exploit. We apply this technique against malware based on the Mirai scanning routine to identify whether tarpitting at scale is effective in containing the spread of self-propagating malware. We demonstrate that we can effectively trap thousands of devices even in a single tarpit and that this significantly slows down botnet spreading across the Internet and provide a framework to simulate malware spreading under various network conditions to apriori evaluate the effect of tarpits on a particular malware. We show that the self-propagating malware could be contained with the help of a few thousand tarpits without any measurable adverse impact on compromised routers or Internet Service Providers, and we release our tarpitting solution as an open platform to the community to realize this.


IN obstetric practice, it is acknowledged that a significant number of patients, without apparent cause, repeatedly terminate their pregnancies between the early part of the middle trimester and th...


The aim of this research is to investigate current trend in international and italian M&A. At this aim we first recognize the main theoretical lines of research that identify determinants of M&A processes. Than, using Thompson Financial database, Zephyr database and KPMG reports, we mapped completed mergers and acquisitions (M&A) over the past decade, trying to identify main causes of the present boom. The present boom in M&A, started in 2005, bears a number of similarities as well as differences with the previous one, started in 1999. The value and number of M&A in 2005 were comparable to the averages in 1999-2001, as were the number of mega deals. The increase in global M&A in 2005 was driven by macroeconomic, microeconomic and institutional factors. The most important factor at the macroeconomic level has been continued economic growth. In 2005 in fact, world real GDP grew by 4.8% (IMF 2006). Favourable conditions in financial and stock markets prompted the growth of domestic and cross-border M&A. At the microeconomic level, a surge of financial flows to collective investment institutions, e.g. private equity funds, led to massive cross-border investments by these funds. The last part of this research is focalized on the Italian banking industry and the main cases of consolidation in this sector.


Marcia de Sao hiago Rosa is currently a doctoral candidate at the Graduate program in English: Linguistic and Literary Studies at Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), and holds a Master's degree in Applied Linguistics- Discourse Analysis from the same program. Her doctoral research is grounded on the Vygotskyan sociocultural perspective on human learning, and focuses on issues related to English teaching pedagogy, more speciically, on the role of teachers' authored narratives and dialogic mediation in the process of concept development. E-mail: email@example.com


Age of acquisition (AoA) effects for reading have been documented in the literature. Recent studies have suggested that more effortful phonological retrieval is involved in picture naming for late learned words. Here we use functional magnetic resonance imaging to determine the neuroanatomical correlates of AoA effects in reading, and to explore whether AoA effects in the brain modulate activity in areas devoted to phonological processing. Participants were asked to covertly name blocks of early and late learned words while being scanned with functional MRI. Results revealed a relative increase in neural activity for late learned words in a set of brain areas involved in auditory-phonological processing (the planum temporale of the posterior-superior left temporal lobe) and articulatory motor planning (BA 44, putamen, and globus pallidus). These findings support the view that late learned words involve more effortful phonological retrieval, but in addition point to a second locus of the AoA effect in the articulatory component of the reading system.


Learning methods such as boosting and deep learning have made ML models harder to understand and interpret. This puts data scientists and ML developers in the position of often having to make a tradeoff between accuracy and intelligibility. Research in IML (Interpretable Machine Learning) and XAI (Explainable AI) focus on minimizing this trade-off by developing more accurate interpretable models and by developing new techniques to explain black-box models. Such models and techniques make it easier for data scientists, engineers and model users to debug models and achieve important objectives such as ensuring the fairness of ML decisions and the reliability and safety of AI systems. In this tutorial, we present an overview of various interpretability methods and provide a framework for thinking about how to choose the right explanation method for different real-world scenarios. We will focus on the application of XAI in practice through a variety of case studies from domains such as healthcare, finance, and bias and fairness. Finally, we will present open problems and research directions for the data mining and machine learning community. What audience will learn: When and how to use a variety of machine learning interpretability methods through case studies of real-world situations. The difference between glass-box and black-box explanation methods and when to use them. How to use open source interpretability toolkits that are now available


Water-based propolis extracts usually contain up to 10-fold lower quantities of active ingredients due to poor solubility in water of propolis bioactive compounds when compared with ethanol-based extracts. Since ethanol-based extracts are of limited use, water-based extracts are preferred nowadays. The application of alternative extraction techniques should be evaluated to improve extraction efficiency. Aqueous propolis extracts were prepared using purified water and propylene glycol, 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin and sodium bicarbonate aqueous solutions. A microwave-assisted extraction method was applied in cycles. The total concentration of hydroxycinnamic acids in aqueous propolis extract produced by four extraction cycles was determined to be 1502.1 ± 130.1 μg/mL and 20% propylene glycol, 10% 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin and 5% sodium bicarbonate aqueous solutions, increasing the total concentration of hydroxycinnamic acids by 1.6, 1.7 and 1.9-fold, respectively. An application of microwave-assisted extraction method and the procedure of repeating extraction cycles reliably increased the quantity of hydroxycinnamic acids in aqueous propolis extracts. Similarly, the presence of propylene glycol, 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and sodium bicarbonate increased the concentration of the hydroxycinnamic acids in propolis extracts.


The radiation-induced graft copolymerization of styrene to cellulose has been studied in vacuo at 30°C and at dose rates from (0.37 to 8.73) × 10−2 W/kg. Dioxan was used as solvent for monomer and polystyrene homopolymer, and water (2% total volume) was incorporated as swelling agent for cellulose. The concentration of styrene in the bulk medium was varied from 0.432 to 3.46 moles/l., and the rates of both grafting and homopolymerization were shown to be proportional to [monomer] · [intensity]1/2. The value of 3.3 × 10−4 l. mole−1 sec−1 derived for kp2/kt in homopolymerization is similar to that for normal free-radical polymerization of styrene. However, reduced termination during grafting yielded a much higher value (58 l. moles−1 sec−1). Degradation of cellulose in the absence of monomer was followed viscometrically, and values of 13.5 and 24.6 were derived for G (scission) in vacuo and in air, respectively.


Many construction practitioners and educators have stated that construction management is an interdisciplinary profession. In academia, we draw content from business, engineering, and architecture to name just a few disciplines, to help support our professional degree programs. Our core construction management knowledge areas include, for example, construction materials and methods, estimating, scheduling, cost control, and safety. It is with this interdisciplinary focus in mind that the ''Aims and Scope'' of the International Journal of Construction Education and Research were developed. Following is an excerpt from the ''Aims and Scope'' of the Journal which can be found at http://www.ascjournal.ascweb.org/.


This paper is devoted to the development of an artificial neural network for solving the problem of predicting the electrical parameters of semiconductor heterostructural nanodevices. The advantage of the neural network approach is a significant reduction in time complexity of the computational algorithm (several orders of magnitude increase in model performance). Also, in the case of using experimentally derived nanodevices electrical parameters for training, it is possible to take into account the combined effect of technological errors occurring during their manufacture. Authors' algorithm of neural network model construction is presented, including determination of effective values of neural network hyperparameters, as well as proposed solution to the problem of training sample formation under conditions of limited experimental data for accounting manufacturing technological errors of semiconductor heterostructure nanodevices.


The static and dynamic adsorption characteristics of dimethyl phthalate(DMP)in water by granular activated carbon(GAC)were studied.The Freundlich and the Langmuir isotherm models could fit better the adsorption of DMP solution by activated carbon.The GAC had greater adsorption capacity on DMP.The dynamic and the maximum static adsorption capacity of GAC on DMP were 484.60,450.89mg/g,respectively,when the initial concentration of the solution was 200mg/L;meanwhile,the breakthrough characteristics of DMP adsorption by GAC under the condition of varying flow rates(0.65~4.00mL/min)was inspected.The Yoon-Nelson model could fit very well the breakthrough curves of DMP in GAC column.The breakthrough parameters K',T,breakthrough point(t1)and balance point(t2),were calculated based on the experimental data and Yoon-Nelson model.On the basis of building the relation between the influent flow(V)and the parameters of Yoon-Nelson breakthrough model,the dynamic relation model between the effluent concentration of GAC and influent flow amount and the breakthrough time was obtained.


Background: The "meeting-in-the-middle" (MITM) is a principle to identify exposure biomarkers that are also predictors of disease. The MITM statistical framework was applied in a nested case–control study of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) within European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC), where healthy lifestyle index (HLI) variables were related to targeted serum metabolites. Methods: Lifestyle and targeted metabolomic data were available from 147 incident HCC cases and 147 matched controls. Partial least squares analysis related 7 lifestyle variables from a modified HLI to a set of 132 serum-measured metabolites and a liver function score. Mediation analysis evaluated whether metabolic profiles mediated the relationship between each lifestyle exposure and HCC risk. Results: Exposure-related metabolic signatures were identified. Particularly, the body mass index (BMI)-associated metabolic component was positively related to glutamic acid, tyrosine, PC aaC38:3, and liver function score and negatively to lysoPC aC17:0 and aC18:2. The lifetime alcohol-specific signature had negative loadings on sphingomyelins (SM C16:1, C18:1, SM(OH) C14:1, C16:1 and C22:2). Both exposures were associated with increased HCC with total effects (TE) = 1.23 (95% confidence interval = 0.93–1.62) and 1.40 (1.14–1.72), respectively, for BMI and alcohol consumption. Both metabolic signatures mediated the association between BMI and lifetime alcohol consumption and HCC with natural indirect effects, respectively, equal to 1.56 (1.24–1.96) and 1.09 (1.03–1.15), accounting for a proportion mediated of 100% and 24%. Conclusions: In a refined MITM framework, relevant metabolic signatures were identified as mediators in the relationship between lifestyle exposures and HCC risk. Impact: The understanding of the biological basis for the relationship between modifiable exposures and cancer would pave avenues for clinical and public health interventions on metabolic mediators. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 27(5); 531–40. ©2018 AACR.


High mobility, III-V based, metal-oxidesemiconductor (MOS) transistors are being considered for next generation technologies. Recent advances in processing, such as atomic layer deposition of high-k dielectrics, has allowed for the fabrication of promising devices. Frequency dispersion in accumulation is a commonly observed feature in the experimental capacitance-voltage (C-V) characteristics of III-V MOS devices. This characteristic has been reported on a wide variety of III-V substrates in conjunction with many different dielectrics. The conventional interface state capacitance (Cit) model, which works extremely well for Si devices, does not accurately model the frequency dispersion observed in III-V systems. Different models have been developed to explain the origin of this frequency dispersion. One model, disorder induced gap states (DIGS), attributes this dispersion to the tunneling of carriers into a disordered region caused by oxidation of the III-V substrate which is close to the interface between the III-V substrate and an insulator. A separate model attributes this dispersion to border traps located inside and associated with the high-k dielectric. In this work, we fabricated MOS devices utilizing both HfO2 and Al2O3 on In0.53Ga0.47As and InP substrates and correlate device characteristics with interface chemical bonding through in-situ x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Through this analysis, it is shown that the observed frequency dispersion must be due to the disruption of the crystalline III-V semiconductor during oxide deposition and not due to border traps located in the high-k dielectrics. MOS capacitors were fabricated on nIn0.53G0.47As and n-InP substrates with HfO2 and Al2O3 dielectrics. Room temperature ammonium sulfide was used for surface passivation prior to ALD. Room temperature C-V characteristics (Fig. 1) show a large interface trap response for InGaAs and InP devices with both HfO2 and Al2O3 dielectrics. A semi quasi-static method, utilizing variable temperature and variable frequency measurements, is used to calculate the Dit distribution across the band gap of both substrates (Fig. 2). Details of the technique will be presented. For the InGaAs devices, the magnitude of the extracted midgap and conduction band (CB) Dit is higher for those devices with HfO2 as the insulator as compared to those with Al2O3. XPS analysis of the InGaAs samples confirms the increased presence of Ga-oxidation states, As-As bonding, and Ga-dangling bonds in the case of the HfO2 relative to the Al2O3 (Fig. 3). In contrast, for the InP devices, the magnitude of the extracted midgap and CB Dit is higher for the Al2O3 than the HfO2, opposite of the InGaAs characteristics. XPS analysis of the InP samples illustrates that more interfacial phosphate bonds are formed with the Al2O3 relative to the HfO2 (Fig. 4). The two dielectrics give different results for CB Dit on two different substrates. This suggests that border traps in the high-k oxide are not responsible for the observed frequency dispersion.


It is important to Purchase material for automobile engine enterprises.So how to purchase appropriate quantity and the variety engine spare part in the appropriate time becomes a essential method to enhance the enterprise competitive power.We developed a MRP system for engine enterprises,thus,the most important questions of purchases in automobile engine enterprises,that is what to require、how many to require and when to require is solved.


ABSTRACT In this study, we document that efficient interaction between arenavirus nucleoprotein (NP) and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (L protein), the two trans-acting viral factors required for both virus RNA replication and gene transcription, requires the presence of virus-specific RNA sequences located within the untranslated 5′ and 3′ termini of the viral genome.


Snakes are known to employ two major hunting strategies, ambush or wide foraging. Whatever the strategy a snake supposedly chooses potentially profitable hunting grounds. Whereas hunting site fidelity is recorded for a few ambushing species, there seems to be no records available for such fidelity for a widely foraging snake. We report on hunting site fidelity by the Eastern green whiptail (Philodryas olfersii), a widely foraging colubrid, in southeast Brazil.


In this paper, a virtual inertia and virtual damping comprehensive control model based on wind farm level energy storage is established to improve the oscillation stability, and the relationship between the control parameters and the real virtual inertia and virtual damping provided by the energy storage system is discussed. In addition, the virtual inertia and virtual damping control based on energy storage is added to the single-machine infinite bus system with permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG), and the quantitative relationship between virtual inertia, virtual damping control parameters and oscillation stability is theoretically deduced. Finally, based on the single-machine infinity system and the four-machine system, eigenvalue analysis and time-domain simulation analysis are carried out to verify the correctness of the theoretical analysis in this paper.


Loophole" is a term that is often misused by politicians and the general public to criticize tax incentives such as the preferential capital gains tax rate and the charitable contributions deduction. This use of the term is imprecise because of the underlying implication that those using the law as it is intended are "cheating the system." Most of these tax incentives are actually tax expenditures passed by the government to subsidize specific groups or activities. Because both tax expenditures and loopholes reduce the tax liability of their beneficiary legally, the line separating the two seems very thin. The purpose of this thesis is to end current misconceptions by examining the history, effects and future implications of both tax expenditures and actual tax loopholes, while drawing a defining line between the two. The ambiguity of certain cases will demand the use of reasonable judgment to infer whether a particular law is being exploited. Although the topic of tax loopholes has a significant role in the political arena, this thesis will avoid any political debate. As such, opinions regarding the effectiveness, viability or purpose of any particular tax law will not be addressed, but they will be mentioned where relevant. CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION What is a tax loophole? It appears to be a subjective term, having a different meaning depending on who is asked. One could say that one person's loophole is another's tax reform. 1 If one were to ask someone in the general public to define a tax loophole, the definition would likely criticize the tax breaks provided to the wealthy. To some, a loophole refers either to the legislation originating from wealthy businesses lobbying for their own benefit, or to the discrepancy between the tax breaks the rich receive and those the general public receive. To others, a loophole is a discovery made by hired lawyers scanning the law for even the tiniest mistake to exploit. The purpose of this thesis is to end the confusion regarding the meaning of a tax loophole, arguing more in support of the latter. Loopholes: A Brief Survey The most popular usage of the term is to criticize tax incentives that tend to benefit the wealthy, such as the preferential capital gains rate. This use of the term is flawed and imprecise because it implies that taxpayers using the tax incentives as they were intended are exploiting the system. For the purpose of this thesis, a tax loophole is an unforeseen omission or flaw in a tax law that can be exploited to legally reduce a taxpayer's tax liability in a manner that either contradicts or exceeds the law's original intent. In a sense, a tax loophole is the misuse of a tax law, not the tax law itself. It is important to note that tax loopholes are perfectly legal to use; fault lies in the government rather than the user for its exploitation. This is distinct from tax evasion, where the law is broken to avoid the payment of taxes and the violator is subject to 1 This concept was discussed in Powell, J. (2012, March 7). The Pleasures And Perils of Tax Loopholes. Cato Institute. Retrieved from http://www.cato.org/publications/commentary/pleasures-perils-tax-loopholes. prosecution. It is also important to notice the difficulty in determining a law's original intent. A law's true intent can never be known with complete certainty. For this thesis, reasonable judgment will be exercised to infer the original intent of a law. One example of a tax loophole is the exploitation of the Qualified Plug-In Electric and Electric Vehicle Credit. This was a nonrefundable tax credit enacted as Internal Revenue Code (IRC) § 30D by the Energy Improvement and Extension Act of 2008 and later amended by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 . 2 This tax credit rewarded taxpayers for acquiring a plug-in electric drive motor vehicle based on its vehicle weight rating, battery capacity and manufacturer 3 but ironically benefited taxpayers buying golf carts as well. The law, according to its definition of motor vehicles, does not allow vehicles "manufactured primarily for off-road use, such as primarily for use on a golf course" 4 but because the golf carts could still be sold as "neighborhood electric vehicles," many taxpayers and businesses were still able to take advantage of the tax credit. 5 IRC § 30D, which awarded a $2,500 tax credit at minimum and $7,500 at maximum, 6 had the potential to provide a large enough tax credit for taxpayers to effectively purchase golf carts for free 7 , provided that they had a large enough tax liability to reduce. This use of the tax credit is considered a loophole because it can be inferred that the credit was not intended to benefit golf carts, let alone make them essentially free. 2 PL 111-5 American Recover and Reinvestment Act §1143, amending IRC § 30D 3 IRC §30D 4 See 2009-48 Internal Revenue Bulletin 5 See Kristof, K. (2009, December 21). Free Golf Cart—But Call It A "Low-Speed Neighborhood Vehicle". CBS News MoneyWatch. Retrieved from http://www.cbsnews.com/news/free-golf-cart-but-call-it-a-low-speedneighborhood-vehicle/. 6 PL 109-59, § 11113, 119 Stat. 1144 7 See Kristof, K. (2009, December 21). Free Golf Cart—But Call It A "Low-Speed Neighborhood Vehicle". CBS News MoneyWatch. Retrieved from http://www.cbsnews.com/news/free-golf-cart-but-call-it-a-low-speedneighborhood-vehicle/. Another example of a tax loophole is commonly known as the "black liquor credit." The loophole is the result of the "Volumetric Excise Tax Credit For Alternative Fuels" which is a refundable tax credit created as a part of the SAFETEA-LU (Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users). 8 The tax credit, which reduced the user's tax liability by 50 cents per gallon of alternative fuel, included "liquid hydrocarbons derived from biomass" 9 which ironically also applied to "black liquor." "Black liquor" is a byproduct of the wood pulping process used by paper companies to power their mills. Because paper companies have been using "black liquor" as fuel since the 1930s, the companies received massive tax breaks without ever needing to change their business process. 10 In 2009 for example, International Paper received a $540 million tax credit from the use of "black liquor." 11 In total, the U.S. Treasury paid $8 billion to paper companies in 2009. 12 Although the loophole was finally closed in 2010, its beneficiaries were able to keep the credits they received in previous years. 13 In addition, companies in later years have amended their older tax returns to acquire "black liquor" tax refunds from the past. 14 The reason why the "black liquor credit" was a loophole is because it awarded a massive tax credit without having any influence on the paper 8 PL 109-59, § 11113, 119 Stat. 1144 9 Id. 10 See Mufson, S. (2009, March 28). Papermakers Dig Deep in Highway Bill to Hit Gold. Washington Post. Retrieved from http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/03/27/AR2009032703116.html. 11 See Fickes, K. & Joseph, W. (2013). 10 notorious tax loopholes. Bloomberg. Retrieved from http://money.msn.com/taxes/10-notorious-tax-loopholes. 12 See Mufson, S. (2013, July 19). When it comes to the paper industry and fuel tax credits, IRS looks like a soft touch. Washington Post. Retrieved from http://articles.washingtonpost.com/2013-0719/business/40671473_1_black-liquor-paper-industry-refunds on page 1. 13 See Fickes, K. & Joseph, W. (2013). 10 notorious tax loopholes. Bloomberg. Retrieved from http://money.msn.com/taxes/10-notorious-tax-loopholes. 14 See Mufson, S. (2013, July 19). When it comes to the paper industry and fuel tax credits, IRS looks like a soft touch. Washington Post. Retrieved from http://articles.washingtonpost.com/2013-0719/business/40671473_1_black-liquor-paper-industry-refunds on page 2. companies' future actions. The tax credit was most likely originally passed to encourage an increased use of alternative fuels, as opposed to rewarding businesses for the continued use of an old business practice. Another tax loophole, which is still in effect as of the time of writing, originated with the court case "Quill Corp. v. North Dakota, By And Through Its Tax Commissioner, Keitkamp." The court case, decided by the Supreme Court in 1992, 15 would have very significant tax implications in the years that followed. Quill Corporation is a successful direct marketer of office products in the United States that has been incorporated since 1956. 16 At the time of the court case, the corporation was a mail-order company which refused to collect the use tax imposed on them by North Dakota. John E. Gaggini, the advocate for Quill Corporation, referenced National Bellas Hess v. Illinois, which ruled that mail order sellers were not required to collect sales tax unless it had some physical contact with the state. 17 Nicholas Spaeth, advocate for North Dakota, argued that Quill Corporation did have economic presence through their ownership interest in the computer software their customers used to purchase their products. The Supreme Court ultimately reversed the judgment of the North Dakota Supreme Court, ruling that a business must have physical presence in a state in order for that state to require the business to collect sales taxes. This would inevitably result in the Internet sales tax dilemma currently in dispute. Amazon.com, inc., a worldwide Internet retailer selling a wide variety of goods by itself and 15 Quill Corporation v. North Dakota, By and Through its Tax Commissioner, Keitkamp, 504 U.S. 298 (1992). 16 See Quill Corporation. (1999). International Directory of Company Histories, Vol.28, pp. 375-377. 17 National Bellas Hess v. Department of Revenue of State of Illinois. 386 U.S. 753 (1967). through third parties, only collects sales tax in 16 states 18 in the U.S. because it lacks physical presence in the other states. This has provided Amazon.com with a significant competitive advantage over other


From the man's feelings for colors,the paper discusses the application of the plant colors in landscapes,points out some principles which the colors should follow in the plant arrangement,so as to realize the plant arrangement by applying the contrast changes of colors in a scientific and artistic way,and to reflect the attraction of the garden art.


Polygenic risk scores (PRS) predict individuals genetic risk of developing complex diseases. They summarize the effect of many genetic variants discovered in genome-wide association studies (GWASs). However, to date, large GWASs exist primarily for the European population and the quality of PRS prediction declines when applied to target sets of other ethnicities. A key step in using a PRS is imputation, which is the inference of un-typed SNPs using a set of fully-sequenced individuals, called the imputation panel. The SNP genotypes called by the imputation process depend on the ethnic composition of the imputation panel. Several studies have shown that imputing genotypes using a panel that contains individuals of the same ethnicity as the genotyped individuals improves imputation accuracy. However, until now, there has been no systematic investigation into the influence of the ethnic composition of imputation panels on the accuracy of PRS predictions when applied to ethnic groups that differ from the population used in the GWAS.

In this study we estimated the effect of imputation of the target set on prediction accuracy of PRS when the discovery (GWAS) and the target sets come from different ethnic groups. We analyzed twelve binary phenotypes and three populations from the UK Biobank (Europeans, South-Asians, and Africans). We generated imputation panels from several ethnic groups, imputed the target set using each panel, and generated PRS to compute individuals risk scores. Then, we assessed the prediction accuracy obtained from each imputation panel. Our analysis indicates that using an imputation panel matched to the ethnic group of the target population yields only a marginal improvement and only under specific conditions. Hence, while a target-matched imputation panel can potentially improve prediction accuracy of European PRSs in non-EUR populations, the improvement is limited.


A MEETING was held at Canterbury in November I869. I. Mr. RIGDEN, in connection with a statistical paper, exhibited a diagram showing the number of deaths in Canterbury, for each year, during fifteen years. 2. Mr. GARRAWAY gave an account of a young lady who had been afflicted seven years with Epilepsy, and had been treated by various remedies; the aspect was quite idiotic; the upper lip was retracted and the saliva flowed over the lip. The urine sometimes escaped involuntarily; the movements were erratic. There was great dulness of comprehension: either no notice was taken when she was addressed, or, if an effort to reply were made, it ended in a few incoherent words totally irrelevant to the question. She had seven or eight fits, mild and severe, during the day; she was dressed and undressed like a child, and could not be left a moment. After taking belladonna for twenty days, the fits had ceased. After fifty-three days of the treatment, the following was the report. "Miss has not had another fit; the slight seizures too, have become gradually slighter, and less frequent, consisting only of a momentary look of vacuity, which a word will dissipate. She is quite an altered being; rises at six, that she may employ herself before breakfast, performs her own toilette, is left to occupy herself as she pleases in the house or garden, practises at the piano again, and, were it not for defective vision, which interferes with working or reading, would be quite independent. She has four grains of extract of belladonna three times a day; the pupils have long been dilated, but still responded slightly to the stimulus of light." Dr. Brown-Sequard, who was now consulted, advised the belladonna to be gradually diminished, and bromide of potassium substituted. No sooner was this done, than the fits and all their attendant consequences recurred. Belladonna was resumed, and the patient was well for months. She then removed to a distant part, neglected treatment, and died in a year. Dr. LEE referred to the remarkable difference in the Structure of the Iris of different classes of animals. To this cause, Dr. Lee attributed the discrepancies in the accounts which anatomists have given of the minute structure of the iris, and the difficulty which has consequently arisen in explaining its action. In the human iris there are two structures which deserve particular attention. The most important of these may be exhibited by allowing the iris to remain for a day or two in water, so that by a soft camel's hair the pigmentary layer may be removed. With the assistance of a powerful magnifying glass, or the one-inch microscope piece, the tissue on which the elasticity of the iris depends is seen. It is composed of long white fibres, which extend from the circumference to the margin of the iris, the fibres diminishing as they approach the margin, and forming connexions by lateral branches. The other tissue is interposed between these, and forms the posterior covering. It is composed of vascular and cellular tissue of great delicacy, varying in quantity according to the age and condition of the body and the effects of disease. Attention was directed to the striking difference between the pupil in early and in advanced age; to the susceptibility of the iris to the influence of light and to various medicines at different periods of life; and to the fact that the iris in sleep is in such a state as to produce a small pupil. Remarks were made on the effects of bodily and mental fatigue and debilitating causes, such as chronic and other diseases, in giving rise to enlargement of the pupils; while, in opposite conditions of the nervous and vascular system, the pupil was observed to be small and the iris less sensitive.


More than a half of the lamprey genera have paired (or satellite) species. This means that there's a group of 2 or more species: the adults of one of these species predate and migrate, while the adults of the other species only reproduce and die. This phenomenon has only been observed in Petromyzontiformes, and it has caused a lot of speciation. The most accepted theory is that difference of size has a decisive importance in this speciation.


An electron bombardment argon ion source was used to sputter deposit 17 different metal and metal oxide films ranging in thickness from 1 to 8 μm on H‐13 steel substrates. A tensile test apparatus was used to quantitatively measure the film adherence to the substrate surface. Comparisons in bond strength were made between ion beam, ion plating and rf deposited films. This study was the first of a three phase program to find a protective coating to prevent heat checking in H‐13 steel dies used for aluminum die casting. The results of exposing the coated substrates to temperatures up to 700 °C are also presented.


As whole-body control approaches begin to enter the mainstream of humanoid robotics research, there is a real need to address the challenges and pitfalls encountered in hardware implementations. This paper presents an optimization-based whole-body control framework enabling compliant locomotion on THOR, a 34 degree of freedom humanoid featuring force-controllable series elastic actuators (SEAs). Given desired momentum rates of change, end-effector accelerations, and joint accelerations from a high-level locomotion controller, joint torque setpoints are computed using an efficient quadratic program (QP) formulation designed to solve the floating-base inverse dynamics (ID). Constraints on the centroidal dynamics, frictional contact forces, and joint position/torque limits ensure admissibility of the optimized joint setpoints. The control approach is supported by an electromechanical design that relies on custom linear SEAs and embedded joint controllers to accurately regulate the internal and external force...


T HE width of the main aisle will depend upon the type of conveyors used but should be ample to allow for the passage of two such conveyors. Cross-aisles should measure four feet between shelves. If, instead of on shelves, the goods are placed on the floor in crosswise rows, six feet should be left between the rows, particularly if the goods are heavy, because of the leverage necessary to raise them. If, on the other hand, they are light, packaged goods on the shelves or piles, thirty inches may be ample, especially if the room is small and conveyors are not used. For storage in the wards or hospital divisions, a room approximately twelve feet wide with inclosed shelving along one side wall, a work shelf, and deep cupboards below the shelving for linens and small supplies is ample usually. Light and ventilation are essential. Advice for the layout of new storage areas is found in Cartmell's book on the control of supplies as follows: i. List and classify all items expected to be stored, according to problems of measurement, difficulty in handling, frequency of use; sensitivity, perishability, or peculiar similarity; and quantities to be carried. 2. Determine ample storage space to be required. 3. Determine proper unit storage space; i.e., four feet by three feet. 4. Determine aisle space needed. 5. Determine proper location with reference to departments served. 6. Determine proper layout of stores and aisles as related to general location of classes of items and area of total space available. 7. Plan structure so that entrances, aisles, posts, platforms, windows and other necessary features will not interfere with, but will facilitate, the most desirable layout of the stores themselves.19


As per the infectious nature of COVID-19, a safe mode of transport for infected patients to and from the quarantine centers to their residence is required. In the Sri Lankan context, a government funded Ambulances are used to ferry such patients. As such, this case study aims to calculate the average transport cost for Covid patient transport in Sri Lanka.


The post-surgical management of the patient is as important as the treatment planning for surgery and the surgical management of the patient. Patients who do not receive adequate and contemporary post-surgical instructions or who ignore these instructions are predisposed to untoward sequelae, including pain, swelling and possible infection, in addition to the potential for altered healing of both the oral soft tissues and supporting osseous structures. It is the endodontic surgeon's professional responsibility to ensure that verbal and written instructions are provided to patients that clearly define activities during the critical, early healing process. Furthermore, it is imperative that the endodontic surgeon have a complete understanding of and rationale for the instructions being given to the patient.


OBJECTIVE
To investigate the effects of the virulence characteristics of specific pneumococcal proteins on the inner ear.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
A histologic comparison of inflammatory cell infiltration and pathologic changes in the round window membrane and inner ear.

RESULTS
Most of the animals inoculated with high-dose pneumolysin or wild-type bacteria showed severe pathologic changes of the inner ears. The inner ears of most animals inoculated with surface protein A or surface antigen A-deficient bacteria appeared normal.

CONCLUSIONS
Pneumococcal surface protein A and pneumococcal surface antigen A are 2 important virulence factors in inner ear damage secondary to pneumococcal otitis media. Mutation of these virulence factors results in less inner ear damage.


Air embolism to the spinal cord following attempted pneumothorax has, to our knowledge, never previously been described. We believe, therefore, that this case is unique and worthy of report. REPORT OF CASE History. —A. W., a white woman, aged 39, was admitted to the Montefiore Hospital Sept. 23, 1936, with a history of known tuberculosis for the past six months, involving the apex of the left lung. Her complaints on admission were cough, expectoration, and pain in the left shoulder. She was ambulatory, oriented and cooperative; she showed no weakness or limitation of motion of any of her extremities, and the deep reflexes were normal. Sputum examinations were repeatedly positive for tubercle bacilli, and serial roentgenograms of the chest disclosed a progressive fibrocaseous tuberculosis of the left upper lobe. October 9 an initial left pneumothorax was attempted. The needle


Powdery mildew of pea was studied in the field during rabi season (2009–10). Disease development was seen in establishment, progress and decline phases. Higher disease index was observed between January 31 – February 27, 2010 with the highest disease (80.5%) during Feb. 14–20. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that both temperatures and relative humidities influenced 72.73% powdery mildew development on pea and remaining 27.27% were unexplained climatic variations. In field trial, minimum disease, maximum disease control and maximum green pod yield were obtained by hexaconazole 5EC, triademefon 25WP and triflumizole 480SC. Botanical, azadirectin was better than turmeric powder.


Problem Statement : Oil exploration and exploitation has been on-going for several decades in the Niger Delta. It has had disastrous impacts on the environment in the region and has adversely affected people inhabiting that region. The Niger Delta consist of diverse ecosystems of mangrove swamps, fresh water swamps, rain forest and is the largest wetland in Africa and among the ten most important wetland and marine ecosystems in the world, but due to oil pollution the area is now characterized by contaminated streams and rivers, forest destruction and biodiversity loss in general the area is an ecological wasteland. This affects the livelihood of the indigenous people who depend on the ecosystem services for survival leading to increased poverty and displacement of people. The oil industry located within this region has contributed immensely to the growth and development of the country which is a fact that cannot be disputed but unsustainable oil exploration activities has rendered the Niger Delta region one of the five most severely petroleum damaged ecosystems in the world. Studies have shown that the quantity of oil spilled over 50 years was a least 9-13 million barrels, which is equivalent to 50 Exxon Valdez spills.


This paper reports on development of a scattering model of a soybean canopies at L-band. The scattering model will be used for active and passive remote sensing of soybean plants with an emphasis on mature soybeans where the presence of pods is important to the observed microwave signal. The active problem is treated using the Distorted Born Approximation (DBA) and the passive problem is analyzed using Peake's method. These results are compared with field measurements made in 2012 by the truck-mounted ComRAD system, which is a combined radar and radiometer instrument operating at L-band. Investigation of backscatter from the soybean canopy shows good agreement between the radar measurement data and modeling results. The results also indicate that the L-band radar backscatter can be used to monitor both the soil moisture and the growth of the soybean pods. Past passive modeling efforts have not considered soybeans late in the growing season when pods are important. A new passive radiation model of soybean canopy will be developed based on the backscatter model.


A method for the suppression of texture component based on singular value decomposition is presented according to the cyclostationary property of sea clutter and its performance is analyzed.Firstly,the closed form expression for cyclic mean and cyclic correlation function is derived with the cyclostationary model.Then,Hankle matrix is formed by using sea clutter intensity data,and the main components of the singular values,calculated by singular value decomposition,are the characteristic values corresponding with the harmonic frequencies of the texture component.In the meanwhile,the cyclic mean peaks at the harmonic frequencies of the texture component,so the peaks of the cyclic mean can be suppressed by suppressing the main components of singular values.After the suppression of singular values,texture component can be suppressed by matrix restructure and data restore.Finally,the influence of Hankle matrix dimension on the suppression capacity is investigated and the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified with both simulated data and measured sea clutter data.


Communication over underwater acoustic channels with strong, extended multipath can be substantially improved by using a new method based on the implementation of a sweep-spread carrier (S2C). Such a carrier consists of a succession of sweeps, which cause permanent rapid fluctuation of signal frequency. Apart from some additional useful effects such as providing multi-user access and reducing influence of narrow-band noise, the sweep-spreading represents a powerful tool enabling separation of signal multipaths by converting their time delay into frequency split of individual multipath arrivals. The steeper the sweeps, the better multipath resolution can be achieved. After signal despreading, i.e. conversion into a constant intermediate frequency, the best suitable multipath arrival (or even several of them in parallel) can be separated and analyzed. In this way, all signal parameters can be recovered with high quality. The high performance and transmission stability of this approach could be confirmed in computer simulations as well as in validation experiments with horizontal transmission in natural shallow water channels carried out since summer 1999.


Objective: Facial expressions seem to be closely related to limbic processes. Abnormal facial expressions were described often in schizophrenic patients, but the specific nature of this disturbance is still unclear. Since facial activity in total seems to be not specifically disturbed in schizophrenics, analysis of movement details during facial expressions could be a more promising tool. Methods: Seven chronic schizophrenic patients (DSM III-R: 295.6, all males and medicated, 32.3±7.3 years) were investigated while watching a humorous movie. Movements of the corner of the mouth were assessed during laughing by a light-signal device with high spatial and temporal resolution. Results: Starting to laugh at an emotional stimulus, schizophrenic patients exhibited a faster speed of left and right corner of the mouth than matched healthy controls (2.02±0.42 cm/s versus 0.82±0.41 cm/s, t-test: p=0.0002). There was no overlap between the two groups. Conclusions: This faster beginning of the facial movement "laughing" could be an objective and specific measure of abnormal facial expression in schizophrenic patients which is correlated to the clinical picture of manneristic and parathymic behaviour. Possibly, the changed movement of starting a facial expression reflects a disturbed transformation of emotions into facial movements in the so-called limbic-motor interface -the nucleus accumbensin schizophrenic patients (German J Psychiatry 1998; 1: 6-9).


To effectively predict cigarette sales and improve the competitiveness of tobacco business enterprises, the characteristics of actual cigarette sales were detailed analyzed. Due to the long-term growth trends, seasonal fluctuations and the nonlinearity of monthly sales, we established three single forecasting models, which are Exponential Smoothing (ES), Seasonal Decomposition (SD) and Radial Basis Function (RBF) neural network. After obtaining the predicted value of three single models, the combination forecasting model was proposed. The weights of the three single models were computed using Mean Absolute Error and the mean relative error respectively, the result shows that relative error is more effective. A dynamic weight combination forecasting method based on RBF is proposed and compared with fixed weight method. Finally, the prediction accuracy of different models was compared based on the criteria of MAPE and RMSE, and the effectiveness of the combination method was proved, the proposed model can take advantage of the strengths of the three single models, the results indicate that the combination forecasting model suitable for cigarette sales has higher prediction accuracy. In some cases, the prediction accuracy of the fixed weight combination model is better than the dynamic weight combination model. The results can provide a certain reference to cigarette sales forecasting.


The utility model relates to a sealed heat insulation device for a heat storage chamber of a coke furnace, which is arranged on an outer surface of a refractory brick of the front surface of the heat storage chamber of the coke furnace. The sealed heat insulation device comprises loam mortar, inner heat insulation paint, a steel plate screen, and outer heat insulation paint which are orderly cast from the inside to outside; the steel plate screen comprises a steel grid plate and an angle iron frame which are fixedly connected through a spot welding mode; a plurality of fixed bolts are arranged on the angle iron frame. The utility model provides the sealed heat insulation device for a heat storage chamber of a coke furnace, which can increase furnace end temperature of the coke furnace through improving the sealing performance and heat insulation effect of the front part of the heat storage chamber of the coke furnace; coking heat consumption is reduced; coke quality of the furnace end part is improved. The utility model has the advantages of convenient installation and detection, long service life and less workload of construction and maintenance.


Several astronomical observations have shown that the ortho/para ratio (OPR) of H2 can differ from the expected statistical value of 3 or the local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) value at the gas or dust temperature. It is thus important to know the OPR of H2 newly formed on dust grain surfaces, in order to clarify the dependence of the observed OPR in space on the formation process. Using an experimental setup designed to mimic interstellar medium environments, we measured the OPR of H2 and D2 formed on the surface of porous amorphous water ice held at 10 K. We report for the first time the OPR value for newly formed D2, consistent with the expected LTE value at the high-temperature limit found by previous theoretical and experimental works on the determination of the OPR upon H2 formation on surfaces at low temperature.


In the present work, lipid core nanocapsules (LNCs) was developed for subsequent coating with mannan by using two different methodologies and both by electrostatic interactions. In the first methodology, mannan solutions at different concentrations were drop wise on LNCQuit formulation and the second methodology, LNCQuit was injected in mannan solutions. Through analysis of diameter, electrophoretic mobility, zeta potential and viscosity, it was possible to notice that the first methodology was not reproductible, showing random values, whereas, in the secont methodology the values was reproductible for the 0,5 μg/mL concentration. It was also possible to observe that the particle coated with mannan has no stability after 24 hours, suggesting that mannan detaches from the particle surface. In this methodologies, two different concentrations of raw materials are used, and with that, it was created the methodology 2B so that the results could be compared. With these results, it was a promising path way for future studies and enhancement of this type of coating.


We report the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of a rare case of choroid plexus carcinoma (CPC) in a 2 year-old Chinese girl. MRI showed a large inhomogeneously enhanced tumor in the atrium of the right lateral ventricle with extraventricular invasion of the adjacent brain parenchyma. Cerebral angiography showed a right ventricular hypervascular tumor predominantly supplied by the right anterior and posterior choroidal arteries. To our knowledge, this is the first report of choroid plexus carcinoma in Taiwan.


Survival after potentially curative treatment of gastric cancer remains low, mostly due to peritoneal recurrence. This descriptive review gives an overview of available comparative studies concerning prophylactic hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) for patients with gastric cancer with neither clinically evident metastases nor positive peritoneal cytology who undergo potentially curative gastrectomy. After searching the PubMed, Embase, CDSR, CENTRAL and ASCO meeting library, a total of 11 studies were included comparing surgery plus prophylactic HIPEC versus surgery alone (SA): three randomised controlled trials and eight non-randomised comparative studies, involving 1145 patients. Risk of bias was high in most of the studies. Morbidity after prophylactic HIPEC was 17–60% compared to 25–43% after SA. Overall survival was 32–35 months after prophylactic HIPEC and 22–28 months after SA. The 5-year survival rates were 39–87% after prophylactic HIPEC and 17–61% after SA, which was statistically significant in three studies. Peritoneal recurrence occurred in 7–27% in the HIPEC group, compared to 14–45% after SA. This review tends to demonstrate that prophylactic HIPEC for gastric cancer can be performed safely, may prevent peritoneal recurrence and may prolong survival. However, studies were heterogeneous and outdated, which emphasizes the need for well-designed trials conducted according to current standards.


Objectives: To determine the effectiveness of tai chi on self‐rated sleep quality and daytime sleepiness in older adults reporting moderate sleep complaints.


In this paper I review the submission to the Explaining the Human Visual Brain Challenge 2019 in both the fMRI and MEG tracks. The goal was to construct neural network features which generate the so-called representational dissimilarity matrix (RDM) which is most similar to the one extracted from fMRI and MEG data upon viewing a set of images. I review exploring the optimal granularity of the receptive field, a construction of intermediate surrogate features using Multidimensional Scaling and modelling them using neural network features. I also point out some peculiarities of the RDM construction which have to be taken into account.


Purpose To analyse the maculopathy in 597 eyes of 317 cases with diabetic retinopathy,and to explore the classification and visual prognosis. Methods Using fluorescein angiography to examine the extend of capillary leakage and foveal avascular zone as well as the extent of the capillary closure in macular area. Results ①Diabetic maculopathy was divided into 5 types,among 597 eyes,no leakage type 154 eyes (25.8%),focal edema type 188 eyes(31.5%),diffuse edema type (including cystoid edema)231 eyes(40.0%),ischemic type 12 eyes(2.0%) and proli ferative type was 4 eyes(0.7%).② There is close relationship between the classification and visual prognosis.such as when visual acuity was ≥0.5,no leakage type was 99.4%, focal edema type was 83.0%,diffuse edema type was 28.4%,ischemic type was 8.4%,and proliferative type was 0.5%. the visual acuity of cystoid edema was worse than diffuse edema only 20.3%. ③The stage and visual prognosis:The higher the stage the worse the visual prognosis.if visual acuity≥ 0.5, 1 stage in 96.2% eyes,2 stage in 84.8%,3 stage in 53.2%,4 stage in 37.2%,5 stage in 12.5%. Conclusion Diabetic maculopathy is the main cause of visual impairment in diabetic retinopathy.Different type has different visual prognosis.macular edema and cystoid edema are the main factors to decrease visual acuity and could be treated by focal and grid laser photocoagulation to prevent visual loss.


Treatment of a given multicomponent cationic mixture was studied applying the emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) separation technique for Zn recovery. Experimental apparatus and conditions are described. Comparative studies using two zinc-selective ion exchangers (thio-DEHPA and dithio-DEHPA) were carried out whereby the composition of the liquid membrane and the operating conditions were investigated for both extractants. A useful method of representing the concentrations of the feed and the receiving aqueous phase is proposed, which allows the occurrence of break-up and/or osmosis to be easily detected.


......................................................................................................................................... ii Acknowledgements ...................................................................................................................... iii Table of Contents ......................................................................................................................... iv 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 1 2. U.S. Loggerhead Sea Turtles Under Threat in the Gulf of Mexico and South Atlantic Shrimp Trawl Fishery ........................................................................................................... 3 2.1. The Value of Loggerheads to the Marine Ecosystem ................................................................ 3 2.2. Unique Challenges for Sea Turtle Protection ............................................................................. 4 2.3. Proposed Uplisting for the Loggerhead ...................................................................................... 5 2.4. Economic and Political Importance of the Gulf Shrimp Trawl Fishery .................................. 6 3. Fundamental Components of the U.S. Endangered Species Act ....................................... 7 3.1. Take Prohibition ............................................................................................................................ 8 3.2. Critical Habitat .............................................................................................................................. 9 3.3. Recovery Planning ........................................................................................................................ 9 3.4. Consultations and Biological Opinions ..................................................................................... 11 3.5. Jeopardy Determination ............................................................................................................. 12 3.6. Incidental Take Authorizations ................................................................................................. 15 3.6.1. Section 10 Incidental Take Permits ...................................................................................... 15 3.6.2. Section 7 Incidental Take Statements .................................................................................... 16 3.6.3. Comparison ........................................................................................................................... 16 3.7. Five-Year Review ........................................................................................................................ 16 4. Overview of the 2002 Section 7 Consultation and Biological Opinion on Shrimp Trawling in the Southeastern United States ...................................................................... 17 4.1. Biological Opinion ....................................................................................................................... 17 4.2. Incidental Take Statement ......................................................................................................... 19 5. Role of Guidance Documents in Agency Actions .............................................................. 21 5.1. Judicial Review of Guidance Documents .................................................................................. 23 6. Key Deficiencies in the Consultation Handbook and Recommendations for Action .... 26 6.1. Recovery Guidance: Comprehensive and Current .................................................................. 26 6.2. Failure to Formally Integrate Recovery Plan Recommendations into ESA Section 7 Consultations ............................................................................................................................... 27 6.3. Reasonable and Prudent Alternatives ....................................................................................... 30 6.4. Reasonable and Prudent Measures ........................................................................................... 33 6.5. Terms and Conditions of an Incidental Take Statement ......................................................... 35 6.6. Conservation Measures and Conservation Recommendations ............................................... 36 7. Proposed U.S. Endangered Species Act Consultation Handbook Changes Checklist .. 39 8. Consultation Transparency and Public Access to Information ....................................... 40 9. Conclusion ............................................................................................................................ 41 Literature Cited .......................................................................................................................... 42 Revitalizing the U.S. Endangered Species Act | 1


Many research had been conducted to explore the issue of skin color and beauty. So far, thefindings showed that there was a connection between the obsession to obtain the fairer skin with theIndonesians historical roots of colonial past. Those research argued that deep within Indonesiansunconscious mind they were still unable to free themselves from their colonial past. Their obsessionfor a fairer skin was one example that they still worshiped many characteristics of the coloniser,including the fairer skin, considered as the most perfect in human race. On the contrary of thosewhitening products research, this research analyzed the advertisement of tanning lotion products.Tanning lotion products were quite popular cosmetics/ toiletries for men and women in four seasonscountries. Four ads were chosen from various tanning lotion brands Wet n Wild, Magic Tan,Jergens, and Aveeno. This research used Semiotics Model of Roland Barthes as its textual analysismethod.There were three main findings of this research first, the darker skin color was consideredsexier, more sensual, and exotic; second, the darker skin color was perceived as healthier due to itsglow and radiance; and third, nowadays race was costumizable, thanks to the avalaibility of tanninglotion products.


- The MERN stack is a notable stack that has acquired prominence over different stacks in field of web development. This is due to its UI delivery and execution, cost-effectiveness, open-source, and ease of switching between consumer and server. Its main goal is to improve the application's overall performance. This stack considers online applications and programming to be rapidly grown and applying superior execution and adjusted improvements. The MERN stack, which consists of the front-end layer which manages user interfaces, the back-end layer which manages the server-side tasks, and the database layer which records the data, is a collection of powerful and outstanding inventions used to nurture adaptable expert online applications. It's an advancement stack that is a straightforward full-stack structure that is made with Javascript for making dynamic applications. To this end, it is the most favored stage for new ventures. This paper will show the MERN Stack, which consists of four advancements: MongoDB, Express, React, and Node.js. Every one of these four wonderful upgrades gives a beginning-to-end environment for the planners to work in. Each one of these advancements has a significant impact on the development of online web applications.


Through the interferencing light intensity under a sine-wave modulation signal analysis, the output signal of fiber-optic gyroscope is demodulated. And then the change of the output signal of gyro is gotten. Through the analysis of the change we know that the effect of residuary intensity modulation on the performance of Interferometric Fiber Optic Gyroscope (IFOG) is related with the precision and accuracy requirements of IFOG. The higher precision, the more obvious effect. Secondly, we analyze the digital ladder height change caused by the demodulation output voltage change in the condition of the effect of residuary intensity modulation on the digital closed-loop fiber-optic gyro. Moreover, through the residuary intensity modulation coefficient and digital ladder height formula, explain the influence of residuary intensity modulation on the fiber-optic gyro zero bias and scale factor. Finally, we simulate the relationship of the residuary intensity modulation coefficient and the scale factor stability of fiber-optic gyro by using the Matlab simulation tool. The simulation results further explain the effect of residuary intensity modulation on digital closed-loop fiber-optic gyro scale factor stability.


A solar power inverter having a sealing means includes: a main case having an opening on a front surface thereof, the opening open and closed by a main cover; an auxiliary case coupled to one side surface of the main case, and having an opening on a front surface thereof, the opening open and closed by an auxiliary cover; and a gasket interposed between the main case and the auxiliary case, wherein the main case and the auxiliary case are coupled to each other by coupling bolts which pass through the main case, the gasket and the auxiliary case.


Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the phytochemical composition and antioxidant potential of the Ficus benghalensis (F. benghalensis) by in vitro methods. Methanolic extract of F. benghalensis leaves was evaluated for the presence of carbohydrates, proteins, phenolic compounds, oil and fats, saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids and tannins by using standard protocols. Antioxidant activity of the extract was screened by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, total antioxidant assay, iron chelating assay and reducing power assay. Cytotoxic activity of the extract was tested by brine shrimp lethality assay. Estimation of total phenolic content was performed by Folin-Ciocalteau reagent method and estimation of total flavonoid content was performed by aluminium chloride method. Chromatographic detection of polyphenolic compounds was estimated by High performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) and High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). F. benghalensis showed the presence of carbohydrates, phenolic compounds, oil and fats, saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, proteins and tannins as major phytochemical groups. The extract exhibited significant antioxidant activity in all methods performed. The extract also found to exhibit significant cytotoxic activity towards brine shrimp larvae. Extract exhibited significant amount of polyphenolic compounds which were further characterized by HPTLC which showed the presence of six bands of polyphenolic compounds. Further analysis of extract with HPLC showed the presence of Gallic acid, Rhein, Anthraquinone, Gallocatechin, Theaflavin-3, 3'-digallate and Flavone. The results of the present study emphasize that the methanolic extract of F. benghalensis is a good source of antioxidant compound and can be used in the field of therapeutics.


The infrared characteristic simulation of the target is the basis of true and false infrared target recognition. With the development of stealth technology, imaging features of the decoy in the detector are more and more close to the real target, so it is not easy to distinguish between the target and decoy by using information acquired from single-band infrared detector. Based on this, in the paper infrared imaging properties of the target in a number of bands are simulated and analyzed, followed by fusing the characteristic differences of multiple bands between true and false target for classification and recognition. First of all, we construct the geometrical model of target and decoy in a simple background, and then the model of infrared radiation is built. What is more, in accordance with laws of infrared radiation and other relevant laws, the characteristics of target and decoy under the condition of different bands are analyzed. Experimental results show that the proposed multi-band target simulation and analysis method can effectively identify the target and decoy in the same field of view.


The article considers the problems arising in commercial organizations as a result of initiatives in the area of purposeful changes in company corporate culture, and analyses the mechanism of initiating and introducing such changes through personnel training.


On 27th January 2011, the Paris Court of Appeal, following two remands from the Supreme Court, finally handed down a decision confirming the last decision of the French Supreme Court (Cour de…


Pd(MME)Cl2 complex, where MME = methionine methyl ester, was synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis and spectroscopic techniques. [Pd(MME)(H2O)2]2+ interacts with some DNA constituents giving 1 : 1 and 1 : 2 complexes. The binuclear complexes having 4,4′-bipiperidine as a linker and involving [Pd(MME)(H2O)2]2+ and DNA constituents were investigated. The results show formation of [(H2O)(MME)Pd(Bip)Pd(MME)(H2O)]4+. Inosine, uracil, and thymine interact with the previously mentioned complex by substitution of the two coordinated water molecules. Formation constants of all possible mono- and binuclear complexes were determined and their speciation diagrams were evaluated. Electronic spectra of [Pd(MME) (H2O)2]2+ and its uracil complexes Speciation of mono- and binuclear Pd(II) complexes involving mixed nitrogen–sulfur donor ligand is investigated; 4,4′-bipiperidine is used as a linker.


Background: Improving outcome data collection rates is an essential part of managing clinical trials and ensures statistical power and generalisability of results are maintained. Studies within a trial (SWATs) provide a robust methodology to investigate the most efficient methods to maximise outcome follow-up. Methods: LoTS2Care, a feasibility cluster Randomised Controlled Trial, recruited 269 stroke survivors across 10 services, and incorporated a SWAT to evaluate the effect of questionnaire booklet format (one booklet or two) on follow-up rates for self-reported postal outcomes at 6 and 9 months post-recruitment. Available participants were individually randomised (1 : 1) by the Clinical Trials Research Unit and follow-up rates in the two groups were compared. Results: At 6 months post-recruitment, 254 participants were randomised: 126 to receive (125 posted) the single booklet; 128 to receive two booklets. By 9 months post-recruitment, 116 and 123 participants were still available in each group, respectively. For participants randomised to two booklets, return of at least one of the booklets was considered as 'followed-up'. At 6 months, 114/125 (91.2%) participants sent the single booklet returned it, compared to 108/128 (84.4%) sent two (odds ratio (OR) 1.92, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.88 to 4.19). By 9 months, 108/116 (93.1%) participants returned the single booklet, compared to 105/123 (85.4%) sent two (OR 2.31, 95% CI 0.97 to 5.55). Conclusions: The SWAT was an inexpensive, straightforward way to test how booklet format affected follow-up rates. Larger participant numbers would be required for conclusive results. These initial findings, however, suggest that including all outcome measures in a single booklet may maximise return rates, especially in trials with similar populations, such as those living with brain injury, cognitive or speech impairment or older people.


Application of transparency, participation, and accountability in the procurement process of goods and services is in need to achieve good governance. Local governments Sidenreng Rappang has committed to implement through regulation principles so important to study. Therefore, this study aims to determine the principles of transparency, participation, and accountability and bureaucratic behavior that influence the process of procuring goods and services. This type of research is descriptive qualitative data collection techniques through documents, questionnaires, and informants. The data were then analyzed using qualitative descriptive analysis. Behavioral results showed that bureaucracy tends political types in the application of the principles of transparency, participation, and accountability services for goods and services. This supported the existence of a Representative Observer of Society (ROS) that help implement it. The factors that influence still more in human resources and the enforcement of sanctions against irregularities rules or procedures.


The control of the air-fuel ratio (AFR) is critical for the efficiency of the combustion. This is for achieving the better performance of the plant and result in high output energy. Different parameters influence AFR. This paper models AFR as a function of the inlet temperature, density, and pressure. Formulated models have been checked using recorded data from the site. The results show that the AFR increases by 1.5 units as the pressures of the gas increase by 0.6 bars but when it reaches 2.9 bar, AFR starts to decrease, 0.9% of the increase of the density leads to the decrease of the AFR of 0.4 in average. 3.5 o C rise of inlet temperature lift the AFR by 0.2; however, it starts to decrease when the temperature reaches 78 o C.


Abstract : Perturbation electric and magnetic fields carry in excess of 10(exp10) to 10(exp12) W of electrical power between the magnetosphere and high-latitude ionosphere. Most of this power is generated by the solar wind. The ionosphere at large spatial and temporal scales acts as a dissipative slab which can be characterized by its height-integrated Pedersen conductivity sigma p, so that the power flux into the ionosphere due to a quasi-static electric field E is given by sigma (pE2) The energy transferred to the ionosphere by time-varying electromagnetic fields in the form of Alfven waves is more difficult to calculate because density and conductivity gradients can reflect energy. Thus, field resonances and standing wave patterns affect the magnitude and altitude distribution of electrical energy dissipation. We use a numerical model to calculate the frequency-dependent electric field reflection coefficient of the ionosphere and show that the ionosphere does not behave as a simple resistive slab for electric field time scales less than a few seconds. Time variation of spacecraft-measured high-latitude electric and perturbation magnetic fields is difficult to distinguish from spatial structuring that has been Doppler-shifted to a non-zero frequency in the spacecraft frame. However, by calculating the frequency-dependent amplitude and phase relations between fluctuating electric and magnetic fields we are able to show that low frequency fields (< 1 Hz) measured by an auroral sounding rocket traveling parallel to the auroral oval are due to standing Alfven waves rather than quasi-static structures. Comparing the field fluctuations with electron energy measurements indicates that the waves occur near auroral arcs.


With the CFRP widely used in the field of strengthened ancient structure,explicit bonding property between the CFRP and wood was the premise and foundation of strengthening.Based on the single-shear experiment between CFRP and wood,nonlinear numerical analysis was carried out on 5wood sticking CFRP by ANSYS finite element software,and the influence of the limit bonding load produced due to the change of CFRP bond length and width.The strain distribution rule of CFRP and distribution characteristics of bonding shear stress in interface and transfer process were obtained,and the error analysis between test value and calculated value was given.The calculated results showed that it was feasible to simulate the bonding property in interface by finite element method.


While many metabolisms make use of soluble, cell-permeable substrates like oxygen or hydrogen, there are other substrates, like iron or manganese, that cannot be brought into the cell. Some bacteria and archaea have evolved the means to directly "plug in" to such environmental electron reservoirs in a process known as extracellular electron transfer (EET), making them powerful agents of biogeochemical change and promising vehicles for bioremediation and alternative energy. ABSTRACT Some bacteria and archaea have evolved the means to use extracellular electron donors and acceptors for energy metabolism, a phenomenon broadly known as extracellular electron transfer (EET). One such EET mechanism is the transmembrane electron conduit MtrCAB, which has been shown to transfer electrons derived from metabolic substrates to electron acceptors, like Fe(III) and Mn(IV) oxides, outside the cell. Although most studies of MtrCAB-mediated EET have been conducted in Shewanella oneidensis MR-1, recent investigations in Vibrio and Aeromonas species have revealed that the electron-donating proteins that support MtrCAB in Shewanella are not as representative as previously thought. This begs the question of how widespread the capacity for MtrCAB-mediated EET is, the changes it has accrued in different lineages, and where these lineages persist today. Here, we employed a phylogenetic and comparative genomics approach to identify the MtrCAB system across all domains of life. We found mtrCAB in the genomes of numerous diverse Bacteria from a wide range of environments, and the patterns therein strongly suggest that mtrCAB was distributed through both horizontal and subsequent vertical transmission, and with some cases indicating downstream modular diversification of both its core and accessory components. Our data point to an emerging evolutionary story about metal-oxidizing and -reducing metabolism, demonstrates that this capacity for EET has broad relevance to a diversity of taxa and the biogeochemical cycles they drive, and lays the foundation for further studies to shed light on how this mechanism may have coevolved with Earth's redox landscape. IMPORTANCE While many metabolisms make use of soluble, cell-permeable substrates like oxygen or hydrogen, there are other substrates, like iron or manganese, that cannot be brought into the cell. Some bacteria and archaea have evolved the means to directly "plug in" to such environmental electron reservoirs in a process known as extracellular electron transfer (EET), making them powerful agents of biogeochemical change and promising vehicles for bioremediation and alternative energy. Yet the diversity, distribution, and evolution of EET mechanisms are poorly constrained. Here, we present findings showing that the genes encoding one such EET system (mtrCAB) are present in a broad diversity of bacteria found in a wide range of environments, emphasizing the ubiquity and potential impact of EET in our biosphere. Our results suggest that these genes have been disseminated largely through horizontal transfer, and the changes they have accrued in these lineages potentially reflect adaptations to changing environments.


Urban development including water and sanitation infrastructure is critical for mental health. Lack of access to water supply and sanitation can provoke unrest and conflict among the households. However, extant literature has not paid much attention to such association. This study uncovers the impact of improved access to safe drinking water and sanitation on the subjective wellbeing of men and women of the same households in the most populous province, Punjab, of Pakistan. The study extracted data from the latest multiple indicator cluster survey of Punjab and employed a two-level mixed effects logistic regression method due to data hierarchy. The results revealed a positive relationship between piped and bottled water access with the subjective wellbeing of adult men (OR=1.113 and OR=1.274, respectively) and women (OR=1.092 and OR=1.416, respectively). However, improved sanitation was found to have a positive association with the subjective wellbeing of just women (OR=1.169), implying that poor sanitation infrastructure is a particular source of mental stress for women. Improved sanitation was associated with higher self-reported life satisfaction among both men and women (OR=1.194 and OR=1.156 respectively). Our findings provide avenues for policymakers to intervene to improve household water and sanitation infrastructure, which has far-reaching impacts on the life satisfaction.


A 2000 MWe MHD/steam plant for central station applications has been designed and costed as part of the Energy Conversion Alternatives Study (ECAS). This plant is fueled by Illinois No. 6 coal, rejects heat through mechanical draft wet cooling towers, and includes coal processing equipment, seed reprocessing, electrical inversion of the MHD generator output and emission controls to current EPA standards. It yields an estimated overall efficiency of 0.483 (7066 Btu/kWe-hr), a capital cost of $718 per kWe (1975 dollars), and a cost of electricity at 65% capacity factor of 32 mills per kWe-hr. If the assumed life and reliability could be achieved with these performance parameters, the MHD system should prove attractive.


The «old» Wellington Town Hall has been refurbished and strengthened for earthquakes as part of the Wellington Civic Centre Development. The design outlined made maximum use of the existing brickwalls as shear walls and ensured that a load path was provided between all parts of the building and these. Careful sequencing of the demolition and construction works minimised the extent of temporary support works. In this manner a cost effective solution was achieved which enabled the entire project to be completed within a twelve month period in time for the 1992 International Arts Festival


We present the effects of Co doping on the morphology, structural and optical properties of ZnO nanocoatings in detail. Highly oriented wurtzite ZnO nanorods were fabricated by electrodeposition method using Zn(NO3)2 as the electrolyte. Again, the Co doped (0.03 mM CoSO4) ZnO nanocoatings were synthesized on ITO coated glass substrates. The surface morphology and the structural properties of the coatings were studied using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. The FESEM data (Fig. 1) showed the top view of oriented hexagonal ZnO nanorods. The XRD pattern showed a shift in (002) diffraction peak of ZnO towards higher 2Ѳ values by the substitution of dopant, which indicates that the Zn2+ site is successfully replaced by the dopant Co2+. Moreover, the photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL, 325 nm excitation) was used to study the UV emission and the defect emission of the doped and undoped ZnO nanostructures. The PL data (Fig. 2) revealed a blue shift in the UV emission for the doped sample which signifies that for ZnO coating prepared with 0.03 mM CoSO4, the energy gap increased from 378 nm (3.27 eV) to 375 nm (3.30 eV). Also, the intensity of deep level emission (~ 600 nm) increased for the doped one as compared to the pure ZnO coating. Our results demonstrate that Co doping may be responsible for the blue shift in band gap of ZnO nanocrystals. The oxygen defects or Zn interstitials may be responsible for the broadening of the PL peak at 600 nm.


Maximum temperature reached in soil during burning is important to evaluate fire intensity. Forest conversion is an ongoing process in Amazon ecosystem. It is of utmost importance to predict fire effects on soil properties and avoid damaging environmental systems. Spectroscopic methods combined with multivariate statistics may provide chemical and mineralogical information from soil. This study aims at predicting the maximum temperature reached in Oxisols from an Amazonian region in Brazil. Slash-and-burn and pasture samples collected after fire events, and unburned forest soil samples submitted to heating (250 to 800°C) were investigated. Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) was employed to acquire chemical data. The experimental procedure is rapid, requires minimal sample preparation and no hazardous chemical reagents. EDXRF data combined with partial least squares regression was applied in controlled-heated samples from five different sites of forest, pasture and slash-and-burn area. Estimated temperatures for burned samples ranged from 317 to 609°C. Considering the instrumental advantages and the achieved results, the EDXRF employment combined with multivariate analysis has proved to be a feasible alternative technology to evaluate fire effects in soil. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


Arctic warming under increased CO2 peaks in winter, but is influenced by summer forcing via seasonal ocean heat storage. Yet changes in atmospheric heat transport into the Arctic have mainly been investigated in the annual mean or winter, with limited focus on other seasons. We investigate the full seasonal cycle of poleward heat transport modelled with increased CO2 or with individually applied Arctic sea-ice loss and global sea-surface warming. We find that a winter reduction in dry heat transport is driven by Arctic sea-ice loss and warming, while a summer increase in moist heat transport is driven by sub-Arctic warming and moistening. Intermodel spread in Arctic warming controls spread in seasonal poleward heat transport. These seasonal changes and their intermodel spread are well-captured by down-gradient diffusive heat transport. While changes in moist and dry heat transport compensate in the annual-mean, their opposite seasonality may support non-compensating effects on Arctic warming.


The paper highlights the principal items of use of decongestants in the treatment of rhinosinusitis in children. It analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of all classes of decongestants and their role in the pathogenetic therapy of rhinosinusitis. The role of complex vasoconstrictors including excipients (certain components of essential oils) is defined, by using Lasolvan®Rhino as an example. The efficient and timely therapy of acute rhinitis in children can considerably reduce the frequency of complications and improve a child's health, helping restore normal eating and sleep. Since the earliest treatment is of the greatest importance in the therapy of acute rhinosinusitis, emphasis is placed on decongestants within the first days of the disease. The decongestant Lasolvan®Rhino (Boehringer Ingelheim) fully meets the goals of treatment for acute rhinosinusitis in children over 6 years of age as an effective, reliable, and safe agent, as evidenced by clinical trials.


Objective:To observe the change of inducible/endothelial nitric oxide synthase(NOS)in myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury in rats′heart transplantation. Methods:60 healthy male Lewis rats were randomly divided into three groups.In control group,0.5 mL Saline was infused via inferior vena cava 30 min before donor heart harvest.In donor preconditioning group,N-acetylcysteine[(NAC)300 mg/kg]was infused via inferior vena cava 30 min before donor heart harvest.In recipient preconditioning group,recipient rats were infused with NAC(300 mg/kg)via inferior vena cava 30 min before donor transplantation.Grafts underwent cold storage in 4 ℃ conventional Histidine Tryptophan Ketoglutarate(HTK)solution for 18 h prior to allotransplantation.Heart allotransplantation model was established.Graft iNOS/eNOS protein expression was detected by immunohistochemical while the iNOS/eNOS mRNA expression was detected by Real time-PCR at 24 h after reperfusion. Results:The iNOS protein expression was significantly lower in donor and recipient preconditioning groups compared with control group(IHS score:1.50±0.22,1.63±0.26 vs.3.00±0.15,P0.05),whereas the eNOS protein expression was significantly higher in donor and recipient preconditioning groups compared with control group(IHS score:3.60±0.16,3.40±0.26 vs.2.00±0.21,P0.05).Real time-PCR revealed that iNOS in recipient preconditioning group was decreased(0.43±0.17 vs.1.00±0.41,P0.05),whereas eNOS in donor preconditioning group was increased(3.06±1.47 vs.1.00±0.65,P0.05). Conclusion:NOS is involved in reduction of myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury by NAC preconditioning in rats' heart transplantation.


The research of trust management has become a key field as a valid solution to ensure the security and application in p2p networks. The accurate measure of trust is a hard and very important problem in trust management. People's final opinion has been formed based on his own initial opinion with influence of other's opinion in society. In this paper, a new method in computing trust value based on influence is proposed. Learning from the characteristic of people's opinion forming in society, an opinion to a peer (trust or distrust) is also formed on the base of direct trust value with influence of indirect trust value recommended by other peers. By introducing insisting degree and influence function, the influence is quantified. The trust value of a peer is more accurately computed by the method based on influence. Keywordstrust management ,trust value, p2p networks, insisting degree, influence function


After returning from his third voyage to the New World, Columbus compiled the Libro de las Profecias, a notebook of biblical prophecies explaining his visions to his King and Queen. This work is reproduced here with the original Latin and Spanish texts and the English translation on facing pages.


Aerobically fit athletes have been shown to have elevated levels of slow wave sleep, greater sleep durations, and shorter sleep onset latencies. However, by using independent group designs, previous studies have potentially confounded aerobic fitness with other characteristics of athletic individuals. In this study the sleep of proficient athletes was assessed on two occasions, initially when they were unfit and subsequently when aerobically fit, and compared with an unfit, non-athletic, sedentary group. The athletes tended to sleep longer and they had elevated slow wave sleep levels. However, these differences were independent of the aerobic fitness of the athletes. Thus sleep does not vary as a function of aerobic fitness, rather, previously reported differences appear to be a function of more enduring characteristics of athletic individuals.


PURPOSE: To improve the operating efficiency in a weft yarn treatment by relatively rotating a yarn feeding unit and a suction port on a detected signal for yarn breakage, capturing a yarn starting end of the surface layer of the yarn feeding unit with the suction port and automatically carrying out the pulling and passing of the yarn starting end through a picking nozzle. CONSTITUTION: This apparatus for treating a weft yarn (w) of a shuttleless loom is capable of detecting the presence or absence of the weft yarn (w) with sensors S3 to S7 when yarn breakage occurs during the weaving and a frame is stopped, respectively operating means H and I for removing the weft yarn (w), removing the weft yarn (w), moving a holding arm 9 containing a suction port 9a therein from an evacuating position to a yarn taking position on a signal for the presence of the weft yarn (w) with a sensor S10 , rotating a yarn feeding unit W1 in the unwinding direction, sucking and capturing the starting end wa of the weft yarn (w) in the surface layer of the yarn feeding unit W1 with the suction port 9a by the relative rotation of the yarn feeding unit W1 and the suction port 9a, subsequently sucking the weft yarn (w) cut near the suction port 9a with a suction nozzle 15, moving the suction nozzle 15 to a delivering position and then automatically pulling and passing the yarn starting end wa through a yarn feeding nozzle 24 to a picking nozzle 2.


By using the generalized operator method given by Burchnall and Chaundy in 1940, the authors present one-dimensional inverse pairs of symbolic operators. Many operator identities in- volving these pairs of symbolic operators are rst constructed. By means of these operator identities, 11 decomposition formulas for the generalized hypergeometric 4F3 function are then given. Fur- thermore, the integral representations associated with generalized hypergeometric functions are also presented.


praised as a sermon with little sanctimonious preaching. He went beyond the obvious need for racial justice to the practical and even economic reasons why the United States must nurture its increasingly diverse society. Clinton reaffirmed his support for affirmative action, but quickly added that opponents of the policy were without any ill motives. The president then challenged his audience to ask, "Can we fulfill the promise of America by embracing all our citizens of all races, not just at a university, where people have the benefit of enlightened teachers and the time to think and grow and get to know each other, but in the daily life of every American community? But, Clinton's next statement made his previous words seem hollow and heartless: "I know and I've said


The paper mainly on a deep probe into theme focus of private website a nd the whole design of website.


Optimization of the defatting process of peanuts was conducted using response surface methodology, varying the time and temperature of the solvent-free infrared (Ired-Irrad®) pretreatment. Results of the central composite design, exploited in Statgraphics centurion®, showed that the peanut oil extraction yield increased from 30% to 45% when peanuts were pretreated with IR irradiation for 56 min at 88.5°C. Infrared is a newly-patented environment-friendly technology that showed its efficiency in many potential industrial applications.


This research is aimed to:1) describe the students'common errors in writing recount text, 2) classify the most dominant typesof the students' errors in writing recount text at the eighth grade students of SMP N 40 Batam in academic year 2016/2017. The research was conducted on April 2017 which was held at the eighth grade students with the number of sample was 70 students. The researcher gave written test to collect data and the method that was appliedin this research by qualitative method. The result of the research showed the dominant error of classification error in writing recount text was verbs tense error which the percentage was 27.82% with the number 444 errors, 22.43% error of punctuation with the number 358 errors, 14.79% error of unnecessary word with the number 236 errors, 10.84% error of missing word with the number 173 errors, 7.77% error of subject verb agreement with the number 124 errors, 4.51% error of noun singular/plural with the number 72 errors, 4.39% error of word form with the number 70 errors, 3.82% error of sentence fragment with the number 61 errors and 3.63% error of article with the number 58 errors. Keywords : Error Analysis, Writing, Recount Text


During the year, in all 12 tropical disturbances (of which 6 were monsoon systems including a cyclonic storm) with the intensity of depression stage and above, formed over north Indian ocean and adjoining land region. Out of these, 4 reached cyclonic storm intensity. The rest remained as deep depressions (3) and depressions (5). All the 4 cyclonic storms formed over the Bay of Bengal. Out of the 8 depressions/deep depressions, 5 formed over the Bay of Bengal, 2 over the Arabian Sea and the remaining one was a land depression. Hence, while the Arabian Sea was less active and the Bay of Bengal was more active. Though the year had been one of near normal activity over the north Indian Ocean, no storm/depression formed during the pre-monsoon season. Also none intensified beyond the stage of a cyclonic storm.