Audio sound source Localization plays a important role in signal processing field. The modern Source Localization Technique uses signal processing with combination of powerful parallel signal processing capacities of Time Delay Of Arrival (TDOA) algorithm and algebraic cost function then sound source can be mapped directly within the area of interest rather than giving a particular sector. The time delays are easily computed using cross correlation function using Grid Search Method between the signals from BLOCK ROM or Microphones .This implementation will reduce the number of microphone modules being used and moreover it maps the sound source by giving its coordinate (x, y) . This system works on the FPGA Platform of SPARTEN 3E Family by building a SOPC system. It will be more sophisticate to many engineers. Keywords—BLOCK ROM, TDOA, Cost function, Cross correlation, FPGA, Spartan 3E Family, SOPC.


Sleep apnea is associated with hypertension and diabetes, putting these patients at high risk for developing cardiovascular disease. The goal of this study was to identify the individual cardiovascular risk profile and to detect premature and undiagnosed disease in patients with various degrees of sleep apnea.


Excerpt To the editor: Adverse reactions to rifampin have been reported to occur in up to 6% of exposed patients (1). These usually consist of mild gastrointestinal disturbances and cutaneous react...


Background: Despite the world over recognition of bullying it still remains an understudied area which needs further research. Furthermore, the administrations and heads of departments are reluctant to acknowledge that there is occurrence bullying in their institution.Objective: To identify bullying behaviors experienced by post graduate residents in clinical environment and the strategies used for coping with them.Material and Methods:  A total of 355 participants were taken. Two tools were used to collect the necessary data, consisted of three parts:Negative Acts Questionnaire,Brief COPE Inventory; and a demographic sheet. Results: There were 125(35.21%) participants who were used to giving up the attempt to cope, I've been getting emotional support from others was told by 116(32.67%), I've been blaming myself for things that happened was reportedby 111(31.26%), I've been criticizing myself was told by 107(30.14%). Others coping strategies (now and then, monthly, weekly daily) were identified as praying or meditating by 295(83.09%) participants, learning to live with it by 291(81.97%) and thinking hard about what steps to take by 291(81.97). The bullying behaviors experienced by residents were having your opinions and views ignored were reported by 259(72.95%), 247(69.57%) told about being ordered to do work below your level of competence, blaming myself for things that happened for 244(68.73%), repeated reminders of your errors or mistakes by 239(67.32%). Conclusion: It is concluded that bullying is major problem and must be minimized in new residents by making it part of curriculum or polices of various institutions. Keywords: Workplace, bullying, mental torture, workload, residents.


We propose and demonstrate a scheme to realize a high-efficiency truly quantum random number generator (RNG) at room temperature. With the effective time bin encoding method, the avalanche pulses of APD is converted into intrinsically self-unbiased random number bits that is robust to slow varying noise. Light source is not necessary in this scheme. Furthermore, the experiment result indicates that a high speed RNG chip based on the scheme is potentially available with integratable APD array.


stumbles on as 'dual roles' and 'striking a balance'. Who should the 'Forgotten Artists' be? The answer should not surely come from retrieving one more member of a famous coterie using traditional biographical tools. The forgotten artists are the 150 or so other women at the school. Even (though I perhaps push a personal interest here too far) those who for social or financial reasons failed to come. Thus we come to the questions to be asked consciously and consistently: about young women's gaining approval to study art; of how they reacted to the life-room; and then to finding work as artists and teachers; to the public spaces where they could come to know about new art and show their own.6 The material for these general themes lies principally in private papers. That is why it is of prime importance to sharpen our methods of looking at them, and to publish the results. already knew about: 'the art/family' problem still les on as 'dual roles' and 'striking balance'. should the 'Forgotten Ar ists' be? The answer ld not surely come from retrieving one mor memf a famous coterie using traditional biographical ls. The forgo ten arti ts are the 150 or so other women e sch ol. Even (though I perha s push a personal est here t o far) those who for social or fin ncial s failed to come. Thus we come o the questions to s ed consciously and consistently: about young en's gaining a proval to study art; of how they ted to the life-room; and then to f ding work as ists and teachers; to the public spaces where they could Notes


Subject. This article studies the mechanism of State health regulation and methods of management of efficiency of regional healthcare institutions.
Objectives. The article aims to analyze the territorial health system in the context of the urgent need to optimize budget expenditures and address public health problems, as well as develop directions to improve the effectiveness of the regional health system of the Krasnoyarsk Krai.
Methods. For the study, we used the method of index numbers and calculation of dynamics indicators using official statistics data.
Results. We have developed and now present a system of indicators of regional health efficiency assessment, focused mainly on public health indicators and quality of medical services. We also offer our own version of the Luenberger observer modification adapted to the objectives of the regional health system analysis.
Conclusions and Relevance. The article concludes that it is necessary to optimize the regional health system using the parameters of medical and social efficiency of the system. The proposed approach to assessing the effectiveness of regional health system can be used as a mechanism to develop recommendations for the management of the network of medical and prophylactic institutions of the region.


: The purpose of this study was to investigate buccolingual and diagonal crown dimensions of the maxillary and mandibular arch in relation to arch perimeter, arch length and arch width groups. The sample consisted of 128 subjects ranging in age from 18 to 24 years. A Hirox digital stereomicroscope (SM) (HIROX KH7700 Japan) was used to construct digital models. A total of 10,752 variables were measured. Sex differences in the buccolingual and diagonal crown dimensions were explored. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to evaluate the differences between arch length, arch perimeter and arch width groups. Males had significantly larger mean values for buccolingual and diagonal crown dimension with than females (p d" 0.05) for both maxillary and mandibular arches. There were significant differences observed in large vs. small, average vs. small and average vs. large arch length groups (p d" 0.05) in both maxilla and mandible in relation to buccolingual and diagonal crown dimension. Our results indicate the buccolingual and diagonal crown dimension difference in relation to various arch length, arch perimeter and arch width group of maxilla and mandible. Thus it may be helpful for orthodontic case investigation and treatment.


Abstract Postoperative pneumocephalus (PNC) is very common in craniotomy surgeries. It can be asymptomatic or if present in more volumes can cause symptoms such as lethargy, headache, confusion, or even severe neurological deficit. Treatment of pneumocephalus with supplemental oxygen via facemask is a common neurosurgical practice. There is not much evidence of use of high-flow nasal oxygen therapy (HFNOT) for the management of PNC. Here we report a case of an 8-year-old boy with postoperative symptomatic pneumocephalus, which resolved with the application of supplemental oxygen via a high-flow nasal cannula with 30 L/min flow and FiO 2 of 0.7 over 72 hours. High-flow nasal oxygen therapy can be an effective modality of treatment for postoperative PNC with added advantages of patient comfort and maintenance of warmth and moisture of the respiratory tract.


Alginate, a well-known biopolymer, is universally applied for immobilization of microbial cells. Biosorption characteristics of lead by waste biomass of immobilized A. niger beads, used in fermentation industries to produce citric acid, were studied. The immobilized A. niger beads, prepared via capillary extrusion method using calcium chloride, were applied in the removal of lead. Pb uptake was the highest in A. niger beads cells grown for 3 days with medium producing citric acid (12% sucrose, 0.5% , 0.1% , and 0.025% ). Lead uptake by the immobilized A. niger beads and free A. niger mycellia beads increased sharply with time. However, while uptake by the immobilized A. niger beads continued to increase slowly, that by free A. niger mycellia beads stopped after 30 min. The optimum pH and temperature of lead uptake were found to be 6 and , respectively. The maximum uptake of lead was achieved with beads and 50 ml lead solution in a 250-ml Erlenmeyer flask, while, at over 100 beads, uptake of the lead decreased. The order of biosorption capacity for heavy metals was Pb>Cu>Cd. Pb uptake capacity of the immobilized A. niger beads treated with 0.1 M , 0.1 M NaOH, and 0.1 M KOH decreased compared to the untreated beads. On testing the desorption of Pb from the immobilized A. niger beads, re-uptake of Pb was found possible after desorption of the binding metal with 0.1 M HCI.


The life script account of the reminiscence bump in autobiographical memories suggests that cultural expectations about the nature and timing of transitional events lead to the bump. The empirical evidence for life scripts is limited. We tested the generality of the life script by looking at the effects of culture, gender and cohorts. Turkish participants were asked (a) to list the seven most important events a newborn or an elderly would experience during his/her lifetime and (b) to estimate the prevalence, importance, age-at-event and emotional valence of each event. We obtained a clear life script containing more positive than negative events; there was also stronger agreement about the timing of positive than of negative events. The life script for this sample overlapped substantially with earlier data from Denmark. Events and their characteristics were not influenced by the gender of either the participants or the target person. Finally, many aspects of the life script, but not the bump, changed depending on for whom the script was constructed (newborn vs. elderly). Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Introduction: Nowadays, patients on prolonged ventilation are among the major challenges of intensive care. The recent timed inspiratory effort index (TIE) has been shown to be a clinically valuable tool to predict the success of ventilatory weaning, especially for patients with difficult weaning. Objective: To validate the accuracy of the TIE index in patients in prolonged weaning. Method: This prospective observational study was approved by the hospital research ethics committee under the number 50264415.2.000.5256. The exams were performed, evaluated and classified at the beginning and after weaning outcome. The area under the ROC curves was used to validate the accuracy of the TIE index, and the Youden method for calculating the cut-off point. The Med Calc version 12.1 program was used for statistical analysis. Results: Sixty-five patients were selected, 33 men (51%), mean age 67±16 years. All were tracheostomized, mean duration of mechanical ventilation was 22.7±14.1 days, and APACHE II was 27.6±5.4, 41 (63%) were successfully weaned, but 31 (47.7%) had a fatal course. One hundred and thirty examinations were performed during the prolonged weaning process. The sensitivity was 87.8 and the specificity was 88.8. The cut-off point >0.99 was established to predict success at weaning. More relevant to the purpose of the study was the area under the ROC curve of 0.93±0.02. Conclusion: The performance of the TIE index as a predictor in prolonged weaning was consistent with previous publications reinforcing that it can be a precious tool in this setting.


Pups were infected with MHV68 when they were 35 days old and sac-rificedonday42.Thymuses,spleens,andlungsfromtheoffspringwere harvested to assess viral titers and changes in immune cell populations via qPCR and flow cytometry, respectively. Results : Mice exposed to benzene in utero show increased MHV68 viral titers in the lung and spleen compered to normal control. The reductionintheanti-viralresponseisassociatedwithdecreasedCD8 + T cells. Analysis of the thymic T cell population reveled a significant decreaseinthesingleCD8 + TcellsbutnormalDoublePositiveandsin-gle CD4 + T cells; suggestive of a disruption on the single CD8 + T cells differentiation linage. Conclusions : We report that in utero exposure to benzene has a major impactonTcelldevelopmentspecificallyintheCD8 + Tcelllinage.This reprogramming in utero translates to increased MHV68 viral titers in the spleen and lung of adult benzene offspring. Our preliminary data suggests that the reduced capacity to control respiratory viral infection is due to the decrease in CD8 + T cells, which is associated with a disruption in the thymus of maturation of single CD8 + T cells. Our findings provide novel information in order to explain hypersensitivity to respiratory infections that is observed in some children. Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a pathobiont that can ascend to the placenta and cause adverse pregnancy outcomes, in part through pro-duction of the toxin β -hemolysin/cytolysin ( β -h/c). Innate immune cells have been implicated in the response to GBS infection, but the impact of β -h/c on their response is poorly defined. We show that GBS mod-ulates innate immune cell states by subversion of host inflammation through β -h/c, leading to worse outcomes. We used an ascending mouse model of GBS infection to measure placental cell state changes over time following infection with a β -h/c-deficient and isogenic wild-type GBS strain and recapitulated our results in primary human placental macrophages. Single cell RNA-Seq analysis identified cell state changes in responding cells, which suggest that β -h/c-producing GBS elicit a worse phenotype through suppression of host inflammatory signaling in placental macrophages and neutrophils. Our findings have implicationsforidentificationofnewtargetsinGBSdiseasetosupport host defense against pathogenic challenge. Problem : Both fetal and maternal macrophages are abundant during pregnancy. These cells have the ability to polarize to distinct phenotypes, but the functional role at the maternal-fetal interface remains uncharacterized. The mechanisms of macrophage regulation during pregnancy are unknown. of Study : We utilize an in vitro model of placental macrophages using placental explants and THP-1 derived macrophages. In this study, we determined how macrophages respond to placental conditioned media from human chorionic ABSTRACT (choriodeciduaandamnion)andplacentarepresentacritical"finalbar-rier" between the lower genital tract and the incubating fetus. To date, there has not been a comprehensive analysis of the in vivo progres-sion of the innate immune response to infection at the maternal-fetal throughout pregnancy. Macrophages, with the potential for pathogen recognition and effector function, are a key component of the fetal membrane and placental innate immune system. We hypothesize that maternal and fetal macrophages contribute to host protection and the inflammatory responses to invasive pathogens such as GBS. Method of Study : We have adapted a well-established mouse model of ascending GBS infection during pregnancy. We intravaginally infect pregnant wild-type (C57Bl/6) mice at embryonic day 15 (E15) with GBS. 48 hours after vaginal inoculation (on E17), the pregnant mice are euthanized for harvest of tissue samples. Macrophage depletion is induced after IP injection of an anti-F4/80 + antibody on E14 and E16. Rates of preterm delivery are noted prior to tissue harvest. Samples are processed for flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, assessment of bacterial colonization, and ELISA. Results : We find that global F4/80 + macrophage depletion alone in mid-late gestation does not induce preterm birth. However, there is a trend towards increased GBS-induced preterm birth with macrophage depletion. Furthermore, F4/80 + macrophage depletion in mid-late gestation increases GBS colonization of the reproductive tract while altering cytokine profiles in a tissue compartment specific manner. Conclusions : This data directly implicates intrauterine macrophages in GBS-induced preterm birth and in controlling bacterial ascension through the reproductive tract. Future studies will aim to define any differentialmechanismsofintrauterinematernalandfetalmacrophage maintenance of mid-late gestation pregnancy as well as in protection against GBS infection.


The objective of the study was to determine the clinical features of dyspepsia in case of combination with bronchial asthma. We examined 152 patients with functional dyspepsia, 102 of them were diagnosed with bronchial asthma. In patients with functional dyspepsia combined with bronchial asthma we detected worsening of functional dyspepsia (significantly higher levels of epigastric pain, feeling of fullness after eating and nausea) and significant gender differences of its course in comparison with patients with functional dyspepsia without bronchial asthma. There was a significant prevalence of postprandial distress syndrome in women vs. men with functional dyspepsia and bronchial asthma. Among women in this group, there were also a higher rates of dyspeptic complaints generally and pain syndrome particularly, with more significant polymorphism of complaints in terms of pain nature (fasting pain and night pain, pain through the abdomen and/or with radiation to the back, the connection with spicy food and psychoemotional stress), whereas men from this group significantly more often complained only of the limosis.


The dynamics of a larval population of Potamophylax cingulatus Steph. (Trichoptera) inhabiting a South Swedish stream was investigated. By far the greatest loss (83 %) of population was as "natural mortality", while drift and predation by Salmo trutta L. and Corvus corone cornix L. had only a minor influence. Only 1-2 % of larvae survived from instar I in October to imago in September the next year. Food available in the stream was calculated on a monthly basis by measuring the amounts of food imported, the food remaining from previous months, the living macrophyte vegetation and the loss of potential food as drift. Previous information about the energetic relationships on an individual basis and the present data permitted calculations of ecological efficiency, food chain efficiency, utilization efficiency and turnover rate. Monthly variations of these efficiency values were considerable. Total production was about 4500 cal m-2 yr-1.


KAIS, A. G. 1977. Influence of needle age and inoculum spore density on susceptibility of longleaf pine to Scirrhia acicola. Phytopathology 67: 686-688. Susceptibility of fascicled needles to infection by Scirrhia light inoculations produced rapid, massive tissue mortality. acicola decreased as needles elongated and matured. Almost In contrast, needles of seedlings inoculated at 14 wk of age all needles of young seedlings inoculated at age 8 wk were were moderately resistant to both light and heavy severely infected within 4 wk of inoculation. For more inoculations. For mature seedlings, the needle tissue mature seedlings (12 wk of age or older when inoculated), proximal to the stem was more susceptible to infection than moderate infection occurred within 8-12 wk. Young plants either medial or distal tissue of the same needles. with newly expanding needles were so susceptible that even Additional key words: brown-spot needle blight, Lecanosticta acicola, spore density, disease resistance, Pinus palustris. Brown-spot needle blight, caused by Scirrhia acicola tests, only inoculated portions of needles were evaluated (Dearn.) Siggers, limits longleaf pine (Pinus palustris for infection. Mill.) regeneration in the South by reducing plant vigor Conidial isolates of Lecanosticta acicola (Thum.) Syd., and delaying the onset of rapid height growth (12). Until the imperfect state of Scirrhia acicola, were obtained recently, research on the disease was hampered because from longleaf pine seedlings on the Harrison reliable testing was possible only in the field (3). Now, a Experimental Forest, Saucier, Mississippi. Subsequent newly developed inoculation technique (8) allows testing single-spore isolates were maintained on malt agar slants to be completed in 8-10 mo by inoculating seedlings under at 25 C. Spore suspensions were prepared by rinsing 3optimum conditions of light, humidity, and temperature. wk-old cultures with sterile distilled water and then This testing process could be accelerated by inoculating screening the resulting suspensions through four plants at the age when they are most susceptible to thicknesses of cheesecloth. Approximately 3 ml of infection. The experiments described here employ the suspension were atomized on each seedling tothe point of new inoculation technique in a greenhouse to study the run-off; the plants were then rebagged for 10 days. The relationship of needle age and inoculum density to disease number of spores deposited per unit of needle surface was development. Susceptibility of Specific tissue zones of uniform throughout the study. All plants were examined fascicled needles were examined, for infection 4, 8, and 12 weeks after inoculation. At such times, a visual estimate was made of the total surface area MATERIALS AND METHODS of lesions and necrotic tissue present on inoculated portions of the fascicled needles of each seedling. Preparation of seedlings and inocula.-Three Infection then was expressed as a percentage of the total experiments were conducted during winter and spring needle tissue originally inoculated. 1975. Longleaf pine seeds randomly selected from a bulk Experiments.-In the first experiment, 8-, 10-, 12-, 13-, collection (Alabama source) were germinated in 5-cmand 15-wk-old seedlings were evaluated for susceptibility diameter peat pots and then transplanted into 10-cm4, 8, and 12 wk after their common inoculation date. At diameter plastic pots. Potting medium was a 4:1 (v/v) that time, fascicled needle lengths of the inoculated ratio of sandy loam to vermiculite. All plants were grown seedlings ranged from 2.5 4.0 cm for the 8-wk-old on greenhouse benches under a 16-hr photoperiod seedlings to 21.0 24.0 cm for the 15-wk-old seedlings. maintained by natural and supplemental fluorescent Five plants of each age group were inoculated with a lighting. Individual seedlings were measured for fascicled mixture of five isolates; spore density was 5 X l05 needle lengths and then covered with polyethylene bags 3 spores/ ml. Thus, the design consisted of five randomized days before inoculation. These measurements were made blocks analyzed as split plots over time. so that the inoculated needle tissue could be differentiated The second experiment tested the relationship of from the tissue that developed after inoculation. symptom development on plants of different ages to Fascicled needle growth results from cell division in the inoculum dosage; a single isolate was applied at either 5 X intercalary meristem at the base of the needles (9). In these l04 or 5 X l0' spores/ ml. Forty plants were divided into four completely randomized blocks, each consisting of Copyright © 1977 The American Phytopathological Society, 3340 two plants at 8, 10, 12, 14, and 16 wk of age; one plant of Pilot Knob Road, St. Paul, MN 55121. All rights reserved, each age received the high-density inoculum, and the


A significant increase in the cases of diffuse toxic goiter (DTG) in Ukraine leads to the increased number of surgical interventions for the thyroid gland. One of the probable thyroid operation complications is postoperative hypocalcemia. At present, there are no clear recommendations for preventing the development of postoperative hypocalcemia in patients undergoing surgery for DTG. In this regard, the issue of studying the methods of its prevention remains of current interest. The purpose of this study was to develop and introduce the tools for preventing postoperative hypocalcemia among patients operated for DTG into the clinical practice. Materials and methods. The paper presents the results of 27 examined patients with DTG that were operated from December 2016 to February 2018. At the time of surgery, all patients were in euthyroid state on the background of taking thiamazole at a dose of 5 mg/day to 30 mg/day. Results According to the results of determining the level of AT to the TTG receptors, the patients were divided into 2 groups: group I — patients with Graves' disease (17 people), group II —patients with Plummer's disease (10 people). In group I, thyroidectomy was performed in all patients, in group II thyroidectomy —in 7 patients and hemithyroidectomy —in 3 patients. The surgical interventions were performed according to the extrafascial technique using the device of high frequency welding of living tissues PATONMED. Due to the technique used, the visualization of the parathyroid glands has been greatly simplified and the probability of their accidental removal has significantly decreased. Patients of both groups received calcium preparations at a dose of 1 g/day for 10-14 days before surgery. 7 days before the operation, the dose was increased to 2 g/day. After finishing the surgical intervention, 60 ml (600 mg) of calcium glucanate was injected intravenously drip with 400 ml of physiological solution,and the next morning —40 ml (400 mg) per 400 ml of physiological solution. The next day after the surgety, patients started taking calcium preparations at a dose of 3 g/day with a gradual decrease in the dose. The rate of dose reduction was corrected on the basis of patient complaints, the presence or absence of clinical signs of hypocalcemia and the level of calcium ionized in the blood (if necessary). An obligatory stage of the study was to determine the level of calcium ionized in the blood at the preoperative stage and 2 days after surgery. The indices of calcium ionized at the preoperative stage were at the upper limit of the norm, and in some cases even higher. In the postoperative period, there was a clear tendency to decrease in the level of calcium in the blood despite the preventive measures. Laboratory data confirmed the decrease in calcium levels below the reference values in 5 cases. Clinical manifestations of hypocalcemia are found in 2 patients. Persistent hyperparathyroidism was not detected in the studied groups. Conclusions. The prescription of calcium preparations to patients with diffuse toxic goiter as a preventive measure at the pre- and postoperative stages significantly reduces the incidence of postoperative hypocalcemia.


In the present paper, the vibration behavior of a buckled functionally graded (FG) microplate lying on a nonlinear elastic foundation is studied. The modified couple stress theory is utilized to capture the size effect of the FG microplate, and the Mindlin plate theory with the von Karman's geometric nonlinearity is adopted to describe its deflection behavior. Based on these assumptions and Hamilton's principle, the governing equations and associated boundary conditions are derived for the FG microplate. By linearizing the governing equations around a pre-buckling/post-buckling state, linear perturbation equations are obtained. After substituting the pre-buckling/post-buckling deformation and assumed vibration mode into the linear perturbation equations and applying the Galerkin method, an eigenvalue problem is obtained, from which the free vibration frequency of the FG microplate around its pre-buckling/post-buckling state can be determined analytically. Based on the obtained closed-form solutions, numerical examples are also presented to investigate the effects of the material length scale parameter to thickness ratio, the power law index, and the stiffness of the elastic foundation on the vibration behavior of the buckled FG microplate.


Author(s): Daum, Christopher; Shapiro, Nicole; Tarver, Angela; Bauer, Diane; Swift, Bridget; Kennedy, Megan; Harmon-Smith, Miranda; Zane, Matthew; Hamilton, Matthew; Robinson, David; Cheng, Jan-Fang; Lucas, Susan | Abstract: The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Joint Genome Institute's (JGI) Production Sequencing group is committed to the generation of high-quality genomic DNA sequence to support the mission areas of renewable energy generation, global carbon management, and environmental characterization and clean-up. Within the JGI's Production Sequencing group, a robust Roche Genome Sequencer and Illumina Genome Analyzer pipeline has been established. Optimization of these sequencer pipelines has been ongoing with the aim of continual process improvement of the laboratory workflow. Primary focus has been on improving the procedural ergonomics and the technician's operating environment, reducing associated production costs, and improving the overall process and generated sequence quality. The foremost of these optimization projects, including automated 454 sample enrichment, improved 454 a Illumina sample library quantification via qPCR, and ergonomic tools, along with sequencing throughput strategies will be presented. These process improvement projects are being lead by the JGI's Process Optimization, Sequencing Technologies, Instrumentation a Engineering, and the core Roche/454 and Illumina/GA Production groups.


ABSTRACT There is an increasing interest in women and grassroots/indigenous peace methods inclusion in peacebuilding in the Sub-Sahara region. These moves are proposed as subsidiaries to the 'high-level' conventional institutions' methods. Yet, grassroots/indigenous institutions are not recognised, and women continue to be viewed as passive victims to be protected- but what roles do indigenous women institutions play in peacebuilding? Using empirical data and critical literature on gender and peacebuilding, this paper analyses how South Sudanese indigenous women (Honyomiji) institution engage in peacebuilding. It argues that women's indigenous obligations of leadership, education, social support and religious/cultural ceremonies are crucial in national peacebuilding. Also, it recognises that such institutions' terms may not be aligned with conventional standards and make the work of acknowledging indigenous peace methods difficult. However, this paper suggests that their inclusion in the national peace initiatives may provide alternative methods for delivering sustainable peace and learning to peace actors.


The application of VLF?EM technique in combination with geological integrated analysis can effectively reveal striking extensions,shapes attitudes and burial characteristics of orebodies and main ore?controlling structures in the ore district,thus providing grounds for further geological survey and exploration in the ore district.


We present a lumped, large-signal dynamic model of the MOS transistor that is derived from a partial differential equation model of the transistor. The new model is a ladder network in which each series arm is a nonlinear conductance and each shunt arm a nonlinear charge "store." The network variables are localized surface potentials, surface charge densities, and currents. We test the model against the PDE model in RF circuit simulation and the two sets of results agree well even for a small number of sections (4) of the ladder.


This is really a remarkable book written by a brilliant artist. The experience and philosophy of a committed musician has brought authenticity to the saga of creativity discussed in the book. Academic discipline in the analysis of the importance of experience, context and history of art experience provides the strong framework to the book. The twenty seven chapters spread across 560 pages and the Bibliographical details and Index prove that this is a classic work under taken by a true research scholar. Vidwan T M Krishna is well known name in Karnatik Music. His concerts have won the appreciation of many and a few apprehensions also, for the creativity in him wanted to broaden the conventional framework of a concert. The rationality of his creative thinking is being shared in this book. The headings of the first three chapters Music: A Narrative, The Intent of Music and Imagination, Creativity, Improvisation, respectively set the tone of the whole book. These three chapters also provide a strong foundation to the art related discussion in the book. For example T M Krishna opines on the tradition like this : "Tradition is not a repetitive act; it is change that retains within it the essential threads that define the whole." [Pp 11-12]. At the same time he acknowledges, "Conventions are also generated due to social, religious and political influences , necessitated by the need for acceptability within a context." Therefore, he argues that various arts interact with tradition, individuals, socio-political milieu. Thus, he undoubtedly convinces the reader about the need to redefine the intent, imagination and creativity in art.


Although the experience of closeness has received considerable attention in the close relationships literature, wanting less closeness with a romantic partner is less understood. Study 1 identified the lay understanding of what it means to want less closeness in a romantic relationship. In Studies 2 and 3, participants primed with descriptors of wanting less closeness, compared to those primed with control words, reported wanting significantly less closeness in their current relationship. As would be expected from models of adult attachment, those high on attachment-related avoidance responded more strongly to the experimental manipulation than those low on this dimension.


In the crystal structure of the title compound, C8H14O3, the 2,5-tetrahydrofuran ring junction is cis. The relative configuration of position 2 in the propanoic acid group was found to be the same as that in positions 2 and 5 in the tetrahydrofuran ring. In the crystal structure, symmetry-related molecules are linked by O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds to form centrosymmetric dimers.


The goals of this system is to develop an automated and interactive evaluation system to assist Final Year Project (FYP) assessors during the events of project evaluations. The system will enable the assessors to key in the student's marks into the application and the results will be produced automatically by the system in real time. This could support a paper-less process and environment. The system was developed using PHP and testing was done to gather user's response towards the proposed system. Results from the user testing show a favorable results toward the proposed system which means the system is able to do what is supposed to do. The proposed system has met the user requirements although more improvements could be introduced which will be taken into consideration for future work in this research.


Oblivious transfer is an important tool against malicious cloud server providers. Halevi-Kalai OT, which is based on smooth projective hash(SPH), is a famous and the most efficient framework for 1-out-of-2 oblivious transfer (OT1) against malicious adversaries in plain model. A natural question however, which so far has not been answered, is whether its security level can be improved, i.e., whether it can be made fully-simulatable. In this paper, we press a new SPH variant, which enables a positive answer to above question. In more details, it even makes fully-simulatable OTt (n, t ∈ N and n > t) possible. We instantiate this new SPH variant under not only the decisional Diffie-Hellman assumption, the decisional N-th residuosity assumption and the decisional quadratic residuosity assumption as currently existing SPH constructions, but also the learning with errors (LWE) problem. Before this paper, there is a folklore that it is technically difficult to instantiate SPH under the lattice assumption (e.g., LWE). Considering quantum adversaries in the future, lattice-based SPH makes important sense.


See related article, pages 942–949

It is increasingly recognized that the quality of tissue repair following an ischemic insult is highly influenced by the phenotype and plasticity of newly recruited blood-borne cells. The latter are capable of switching the tissue response to injury toward either a pathological remodeling, leading progressively to organ failure or to a repair process that preserves and restores tissue function. Thus, identification of the critical pathophysiological pathways that govern mobilization, recruitment, and function of these blood-borne elements is of utmost importance to our understanding of the tissue repair process. Since the first isolation of blood-borne endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs),1 an important body of evidence has been presented indicating that EPCs form a functionally important population endowed with neovascularization promoting capacity. Whatever the mechanisms operated by EPCs to enhance neovascularization, through paracrine effects and/or direct incorporation into vascular beds, their preferential recruitment and homing into the ischemic sites appears to be critical for this function.

Recruitment of EPCs into injured tissues involves an interplay among chemokines/chemokine receptors, integrins, and adhesion molecules, leading to a multistep cascade of events from rolling and adhesion to transendothelial migration and incorporation into sites of neovascularization.2–4 The chemokine stromal cell–derived factor (SDF)-1α, also called CXCL12, is a powerful chemoattractant for human and murine primitive hematopoietic cells.5,6 SDF-1α signals through its single high-affinity 7-transmembrane pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein–coupled receptor, CXCR4. The signal …


ABSTRACT Global warming is becoming a huge problem for the society due to carbon emission in the wake of modernization and urbanization. Carbon emission, which drives global warming, is highly stored in tropical forests, soils and oceans.  Rapid urban development has increased   human population around the Kainji Lake National Park (KLNP) at the  Borgu Axis of the Park in  Niger State, Nigeria. Increased dependence on  floral diversity services  by the  people living around the KLNP Park  constitutes an increasing  threat to the physical quality,   tree diversity n the park. The aim of this study was to  identify the different tree species that exist within the KLNP towards assessing their Carbon sequestration capabilities. The methods adopted in this study were:  Point Centered Quarter (PCQ) approach  to determine the Important Value Index (IVI) of various species; and  Carbon sequestration  algorithms.  Sixteen (16) species were identified using the PCQ method with variation in their girth. The abundant  tree species in the study area were Terminalia glauscens (IVI value: 28.16) and Vitalaria paradoxa (IVI value: 21.13). Whereas,  Crossopteryx ferbrifuga (IVI value: 1.77), and  Acacial seyal (IVI value: 1.76) were the less in abundance at the Park., . The study concludes that a tree of between 10 and  15 years with an approximately  11 cm of Diameter at Breast Height (DBH) can  sequester about  26 kg -  29 kg of Carbon per year ( for the species with high IVI values) and  while the species (with low IVI values) can sequester Carbon of about  18 kg and 25 kg  per year  It is recommended for further research that Specific tree species should be mapped to measure the amount of carbon sequestered in an area using geospatial approach.


Rhyll McMaster's second book of verse, Washing The Money, opens with a number of poems that record the personalities of her family and the places associated with her Queensland childhood. In common with the characters in a successful novel, I find the people and places in these poems come to life, not only by what is said about them on the page, but also in a dimension beyond the page by what is left unsaid about them. The reader can infer, project, fill in details about their relationships, for they invite this. And, like the novel, these poems focus strongly on character and there is something novelistic, I think, in the patterning of detail.


Studies have shown Mycobacterium bovis Bacille Calmette-Guerin(BCG) and other mycobacterial infections suppress airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation in asthma.We use a murine model of asthma to study whether nebulized inhalation of inactivated Mycobacterium phlei can alleviate asthmatic airway inflammation through influencing cytokine production and TLR2.Male Balb/c mice were made a murine asthma model with OVA.Lung tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF) were harvested.Mycobacterium phlei treatment decreased IL-4 production but increased IL-10 or IFN-γ in BALF(P0.05);the levels of TLR2 mRNA were increased after Mycobacterium phlei treatment.Inflammatory cells counting and histological examination of the lungs showed airway inflammation were attenuated because of using Mycobacterium phlei.In conclusion,the inhalation of Mycobacterium phlei can reduce airway inflammation in asthmatic mice,and this ability was associated with its immunomodulatory effect on regulating IL-4,IL-10 and IFN-γ secretion and TLR2 expression.


Reactive‐ion molecular‐beam epitaxy has been used to grow epitaxial hexagonal‐structure α‐GaN on Al2O3(0001) and Al2O3(0112) substrates and metastable zinc‐blende‐structure β‐GaN on MgO(001) under the following conditions: growth temperature Ts=450–800 °C; incident N+2/Ga flux ratio JN+2/JGa=1–5; and N+2 kinetic energy EN+2=35–90 eV. The surface structure of the α‐GaN films was (1×1), with an ≊3% contraction in the in‐plane lattice constant for films grown on Al2O3(0001), while the β‐GaN films exhibited a 90°‐rotated two‐domain (4×1) reconstruction. Using a combination of in situ reflection high‐energy electron diffraction, double‐crystal x‐ray diffraction, and cross‐sectional transmission electron microscopy, the film/substrate epitaxial relationships were determined to be: (0001)GaN∥ (0001)Al2O3 with [2110]GaN∥[1100]Al2O3 and [1100]GaN∥[1210]Al2O3, (2110)GaN∥(0112)Al2O3 with [0001]GaN∥[0111]Al2O3 and [0110]GaN∥[2110]Al2O3, and (001)GaN∥(001)MgO with [001]GaN∥[001]MgO.Films with the lowest e...


Background: Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Indian population is on rise and is leading to significant morbidity and mortality. The revised ADA guidelines since 2010 have suggested glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) as a diagnostic test for Type 2 diabetes. HbA1c level is having geographic and ethnic variability independent of glycaemic status and this has not been extensively studied in many regions. Objective: To study the characteristics of HbA1C in the South Indian population and to determine the cut off value for HbA1C in diagnosing Diabetes in them. Methods: This is a hospital based observational study conducted at a Tertiary care centre in North Kerala. Patients with age ≥30yrs with Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) ≥ 100 or Random Plasma Glucose (RPG) ≥ 200 with symptoms of hyperglycaemia with no previous history of anti diabetic treatment were selected for the study. A preset questionnaire was used to collect the data which was later analysed using relevant statistical techniques. Results: Out of the consecutive diabetic patients attending medicine OPD 99 newly detected diabetics/prediabetics who were not under any anti diabetic medications were studied. New onset diabetes/prediabetes patients showed a mean HbA1c of 8.26(SD=2.31). There was no significant correlation of HbA1c values with age, sex and duration of diabetes in the study population. The HbA1c values also had no significant correlation with systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol values or triglyceride levels. However it was significantly related to Fasting plasma glucose, Post prandial plasma glucose and serum LDL cholesterol values. In newly detected diabetic patients (with FPG≥126 taken as gold standard) ROC analysis determined a HbA1c cut off at 6.45% (AUC=0.76, sensitivity=79%, specificity=60%). Conclusion: The study provides a reliable cutoff of glycated haemoglobin (6.45%) among South Indian population which is in accordance with the ADA recommendations.


This paper is focused on the asymptotic performance analysis of direction of arrival (DOA) nding algorithms when the classical assumption of independence of the snapshots is not valid. It is established that the classical asymptotic normality results remain valid for a wide class of statistical models for temporally correlated source signals for most high-resolution covariance-based DOA estimators. Hence, under mild assumptions, closed-form expressions of the asymptotic covariance matrices of these DOA estimators do not vary with the dependence model of the source signals. On the other hand, for uniform linear or rectangular array, it is shown that the Toeplitzation and the augmentation techniques are very sensitive to this independence assumption.


Twelve species of the genus Cladophora occur along the South African East Coast. Detailed descriptions and illustrations are presented. Four species are recorded for the first time in South Africa: C. catenata , C. vagabunda , C. horii and C. dotyana; the last two are also new records for the Indian Ocean. A comparison of the South African C. rugulosa specimens with specimens of C. prolifera from South Africa and other regions have shown that these species are not synonymous as previously considered, leading to the resurrection of C. rugulosa which is probably a South African endemic.


Geocoding is a process of converting human-readable addresses into latitude and longitude points. Whilst most geocoders tend to perform well on structured addresses, their performance drops significantly in the presence of unstructured addresses, such as locations written in informal language. In this paper, we make an extensive comparison of geocoder performance on unstructured location mentions within tweets. Using nine geocoders and a worldwide English-language Twitter dataset, we compare the geocoders' recall, precision, consensus and bias values. As in previous similar studies, Google Maps showed the highest overall performance. However, with the exception of Google Maps, we found that geocoders which use open data have higher performance than those which do not. The open-data geocoders showed the least per-continent bias and the highest consensus with Google Maps. These results suggest the possibility of improving geocoder performance on unstructured locations by extending or enhancing the quality of openly available datasets.


The ability to simulate the effect of trees on natural light performance in buildings is contingent upon accurate simulation of light passing through the canopy. Accurate simulations require some assumption of leaf angle distribution (LAD) to compute canopy gap fractions. The ellipsoidal LAD can very closely approximate real plant canopies. The method requires calculation of leaf area density from observed distribution of gap fraction as a function of zenith angle. Two sets of Neem trees were studied (small and large). Hemispherical image acquisition and analysis for both groups was carried out to measure gap fractions. The results helped to develop a 3D tree model that was used to simulate the effect of tree interception of daylight. The illuminance levels were simulated under the tree model and the output results were validated against actual measurements using MBE and RMSE techniques (small trees: MBE = 0.33, RMSE = 0.20; large trees: MBE = 9.68, RMSE = 2.02).


Ask 10 people to define the 'product development process' and you are likely to get 10 different answers;such is the impreciseness and ambiguity of the term.


RADARSAT-1 has been operating for over nine years as the world's first commercial space-borne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) remote sensing system. RADARSAT-2 provides for a continuation of the RADARSAT-1 services, enhanced performance, new features, and a more commercial approach to both the development and operation of the system. This paper describes some key aspects of the development from an operations perspective along with the system integration and preparation for operations. Following a system operations overview, constraints, driving requirements, and mission characteristics determining the operations concept are described. Operations lessons learned from RADARSAT-1 system development and operation and factored into the RADARSAT-2 approach are summarized. Organizational and technical challenges and solutions for development and system operations are explored using RADARSAT-2 examples. A key challenge is to perform the system integration for RADARSAT-2 without interference to continuing RADARSAT-1 operations. The paper describes the phases, major activities and milestones of the system integration, and key features of the operations preparation for the system components.


Objectives To study the relationship between neonatal asphyxia And interauterine CMV infections.Methods Serum agent-specific CMV antibodies IgM,IgG were Measured in all asphyxiated newborns in the first week. The cytomegalic inclusion was indentified in CSF,urine and gastric juice in some infamts.The pathologic excminations were made in death infants.Results Among 22 asphyxiated newborn infants,16 babies were interauerine infected(72.73%)and 3/16 died/All dead infants were proved to suffer a general infecion by pathalogical examination.Conclusions The interauerine CMV infection is one of the causes of neonatal asphyxia.


This paper investigates the realization of an efficient low-complexity turbo-equalizer under fixedpoint data representation and computation constraints. We address the quantization issues that arise in the receiver design, and expose a simple computation procedure for the equalizer coefficients. The proposed solution is well-suited for a DSP implementation on low cost 16 bits fixed-point devices such as Texas Instrument next generation C55x platform. The simulation results show a performance loss of 0.2 dB in comparison with the ideal unquantized receiver on a specific channel model. 1


HYPOTHERMIA appears to have a definite place in surgery, and the production and control of this state is often the responsibility of the anaesthetist. It is, therefore, important that he should be familiar not only with the means by which cooling may be achieved, about which much has been written, but also with methods of measuring the temperature. The concept of "body temperature" whilst adequate for most clinical purposes, is not sufficiently precise for induced hypothermia, where there may exist considerable differences in temperature between various parts of the body. Since cardiac arrhythmia, the factor limiting the degree of cooling, appears to depend on the temperature of the heart itself, it seems logical to try and measure this temperature. The careful work of Cooper and Kenyon (1957) has shown that the temperature measured in the oesophagus at heart level is very close to that in the aorta which may, however, differ from the rectal temperature by two or three degrees centigrade. These considerations should be borne in mind when deciding on the site at which temperature is to be measured. The site, in turn, will influence the method to be adopted. Though an indicating instrument is adequate in many situations, a recording device which will plot temperature against time is clearly desirable. At present accurate recording thermometers suitable for use in the operating room are expensive and not generally available; hence most anaesthetists will have to make do with simpler apparatus. Whilst mercury-in-glass thermometers are most frequently used to measure temperatures in the range 20°C to 40°C there can be certain objections to their use in surgery. If a patient's rectal temperature is measured in this fashion there is some risk of the thermometer breaking when the patient is moved. In addition, it may prove inconvenient to read the thermometer regularly. The rigid construction of the mercury-in-glass thermometer also prohibits its use for taking oesophageal temperatures. Some of these disadvantages may be removed by the use of a mercury vapour thermometer. In this type mercury vapour is contained in a bulb connected to a Bourdon pressure gauge by means of a length of capillary tubing. The vapour pressure changes with alterations in temperature and the dial of the gauge is calibrated in degrees. Readings may now be taken at a point distant from the site of the bulb, but the system is nonrecording. Although recording mercury-in-glass thermometers are made (Cambridge Instrument Co., 1935) they record on photographic paper and are not generally encountered in medical practice. Some form of electrical temperature measuring system is commonly used and is essential when a recording is to be taken. The actual choice of a method depends upon the position at which the temperature-sensitive element is to be placed, and also upon what is available in the way of recording equipment The three commonly used systems are the Electrical Resistance Thermometer, the Thermocouple and the Thermistor Bridge. Each of these will now be discussed in detail.


The problems resulting from a lack of accepted terminology and a basic classification system for the various spatial alignments of the heart, its chambers and great vessels are reviewed. A basic simplified classification system founded on fundamental embryologic, clinical, and roentgenologic considerations is proposed. Terminology employed is precisely defined. The clinical studies needed to place patients in their category are enumerated and discussed. It is recognized that some forms of spatial derangement defy classification within this system. Nevertheless, this classification system with the suggested terminology, however inadequate, is offered as a means to promote clinical definition of these entities and to encourage clear discussion and a better understanding of these conditions. It is hoped that future study will add to our knowledge of the embryologic mechanisms involved and eventually lead to a more comprehensive classification embracing a larger number of congenital cardiac anomalies.


FPGA acceleration is a commonly used technology for high-performance scientific computing. It offers massive parallelism with low power requirements. One of the main issue with such an approach is interfacing accelerators implemented on FPGA fabric with a host application. This requires physical FPGA access and low-level communication interfaces. In this paper, we present Caasper, a scalable and flexible communication framework designed to provide shared access to FPGA resources over a TCP network, through high-level communication routines. Prototype implementation of the framework demonstrates its efficiency and its usability in high-throughput applications.


Methods for reducing aluminosilicate containing scale in an alumina recovery process involving treating an alumina recovery process equipment surface with a degradation- resistant scale inhibiting composition having high ionic strength prior to exposure to an alumina recovery process stream.


Summary Background Phosphorylated tau (p-tau) epitopes in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are accurate biomarkers for a pathological and clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and are seen to be increased in preclinical stage of the disease. However, it is unknown if these increases transpire earlier, prior to amyloid-beta (A b ) positivity as determined by position emission tomography (PET), and if an ordinal sequence of p-tau epitopes occurs at this incipient phase Methods We measured CSF concentrations of p-tau181, p-tau217 and p-tau231 in 171 participants across the AD continuum who had undergone A b ([ 18 F]AZD4694) and tau ([ 18 F]MK6240) position emission tomography (PET) and clinical Findings accurate predictors of cognitive impairment to A and to degree but abnormal levels first. the orbitofrontal, precuneus and


The W and Mo polymetallic ore in Xiaoliugou is a compound control-type deposit,the concealed granite in the mining area belongs to the composite rock masses.The REE distribution pattern shows that the Xiaoliugou composite rock masses have an obvious origin relationship or a homologous evolution characteristics,and thus they originate the same magma,with the δEu strong loss and the δCe weak loss,the REE distribution pattern shows a broken line of the right deviation type of the LREE enrichment.The LREE differenti on degree is obviously higher than HREE.The REE distributed pattern of the early granite presents a good consistency,with a characteristic of high w(La) N /w(Yb) N ratio(much more than 10) and strong δEu loss,sug-gesting that the early granite is the favorable ore-forming parent rock.But the late granite in the REE distrib-uted pattern presents a bad consistency,which has a good differentiation in the LREE and a bad differentiation in the HREE,with the low w(La) N /w(Yb) N ratio(much less than 10),and the δEu has the charateristics of stronger loss.The further differentiation of the late magma leads to that the part mineralization materials further enrich,migrate and mineralize in the rock mass,and that finally form the W and Mo ores of the arteries during the course of migration and activation,It concludes that seeking Mo ore in rock mass should mainly focus on small rock masses of the late granite.


This work introduces an Ambient Assisted Route Planner (A2RP) aimed for providing route planning in unknown indoor environments. System was first designed as an assistive mobility aid to be used by intelligent powered wheelchairs, although it can be suitable also for other autonomous mobile robotics systems, non-automated mobility device users or pedestrians. A2RP system is based on a set of XML description files that can be retrieved from the internet. These files contain all the information needed to access public or private buildings: floor maps, accessibility information, available routes and calibration landmarks. XML description files must be created, located and maintained in an internet server specially dedicated for this purpose. This paper presents description files structure and the associated software applications: a visual editor to build and maintain XML accessibility information files and a navigation setup program to be run on board of the intelligent wheelchair processor.


Review of: The World's Din: Listening to Records, Radio and Films in New Zealand, 1880–1940, Peter Hoar (2018)
Dunedin: Otago University Press, 288 pp.,
ISBN 978 1 98853 119 9 (pbk), NZ$45


Recently, many standardization activities are in progress to extend Wi-Fi operation to the available unlicensed TV spectrum, i.e., 54–698 MHz. TV channel scanning for incumbent detection is crucial for operation in the TV band and we propose IEs (Information Element) that assist an AP (Access Point) in delegating channel scanning operation to the associated STAs (STAtion) so that it is always available for remedial action if an incumbent arrives on the channel on which the BSS (Basic Service Set) is operational. Also, TV channels are of 6 MHz width and we propose IEs that assist in channel bonding negotiations between two Wi-Fi devices operating in the TV spectrum. The proposed IEs are transmitted by the Wi-Fi devices using the Action frames defined in the IEEE 802.11 standard.


A novel open transverse-slot substrate-integrated waveguide sensor is presented. The sensor is designed and fabricated for dielectric measurements of sawdust at 8 GHz. Different configurations of the sensor were investigated by using simulation software and relationships between the simulated magnitude and phase of the reflection coefficient and dielectric properties. A suitable configuration was fabricated with a circuit board milling machine, and the performance was investigated through measurements of the magnitude and phase of the reflection coefficient from sawdust samples. The permittivity of the material was determined by fitting the voltage stand wave ratio and phase with a normalized 2-D polynomial with known dielectric values. The permittivity determination model was tested by using independent sets of training and validation measurements on sawdust at different bulk densities and moisture contents between 6.8% and 39%. The predicted dielectric properties values showed linear relationships with moisture content. Therefore, moisture content in sawdust can be determined from measurements of either dielectric constant or loss factor at a single microwave frequency without knowledge of the bulk density.


308 Background: The role of chemotherapy for patients with early stage, node-negative gastric adenocarcinoma (T2N0M0) remains unclear. Possible options are surgery alone, surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy, or perioperative chemotherapy. The objective of our study was to investigate the role and sequence of chemotherapy in T2N0M0 gastric adenocarcinoma. Methods: The National Cancer Data Base (2006-2017) was used to identify patients with T2N0M0 gastric adenocarcinoma. Patients were categorized into 3 groups, surgery alone (S), surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy (AC), and peri-operative chemotherapy (POC). Univariate and multivariable Cox proportional-hazards models were performed to evaluate treatment differences in overall survival (OS). Patients were further sub-categorized into two subgroups based on the number of regional nodes examined, less than 15 (RNE<15) and greater or equal to 15 (RNE>15). Univariate and multivariable Cox proportional-hazards models were performed on each subgroup to assess the treatment differences within two groups. Results: The retrospective study analyzed 3,142 patients between 2006 to 2017. Surgery alone represented 2,090 patients (66.5%), AC group had 360 patients (11.5%), and the POC group 692 patients (22.0%). The median age of the population was 70 yrs. Mean inpatient stay was 12.5 days in S, 9.2 days in AC and 10.1 days in the POC group (p<0.001). In the multivariable model, surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy (HR 0.75, p=0.003), RNE>15 (HR 0.73, p<0.001), patients treated at academic facilities (HR 0.84, p=0.005), female sex (HR 0.84, p=0.004), and Asian race (HR 0.69, p=0.002) had better outcomes. There were 1,526 (49.2%) patients with RNE<15 and 1,577 (50.8%) patients with RNE>15. Subgroup analysis showed that peri-operative chemotherapy for RNE<15 was beneficial (HR 0.74, p= 0.029). Patients with RNE>15 had an improved survival with surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy (HR 0.72, p= 0.017) in the multivariable model. Conclusions: Surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy was found to be beneficial in patients having a T2N0M0 Gastric Cancer. However, the number of lymph nodes examined during surgery influences this association. Perioperative chemotherapy maybe beneficial for patients who were under staged due to inadequate exploration of lymph nodes during surgery.


M vitrectomy surgery (MIVS) was first introduced in 1996 by Chen and associates using 20 gauge (G) tunnel-based sclerotomies.1 In 1990, de Juan and Hickingbotham described a series of 25-gauge vitrectomy instruments but these were never commercialized.2 In 2002, Fuji et. al.3,4 introduced the first commercially available, sutureless, transconjunctival 25 Gauge (0.5mm) vitrectomy (TSV, Transconjunctival Sutureless Vitrectomy) system. Eckardt in 2005 5 described a 23-gauge two-step transconjunctival sutureless system. Subsequently, other manufacturers have released competing 23and 25-gauge systems. There are several distinct advantages of transconjunctival MIVS over traditional pars plana vitrectomy surgery including a quicker surgery, lack of sutures, less postoperative discomfort, and shorter recovery time and is becoming increasingly acceptable as the default system for almost all Vitrectomies.


Since the rehabilitation process after a hip surgery is increasingly performed at home, professional caregivers experience a lack of insight in the rehabilitation of their patients. In this demo we present a portable sensor system for remote monitoring, consisting of both wearable and ambient sensors and a gateway with 4G for transmission of the data to the server. The collected sensor data is processed and analyzed to provide information about how active the patient is and which activities of daily living he is performing. The system gives insights in the progress of the rehabilitation to both the therapist and the patient. During the first pilot, ten patients and five therapists have tested the first release of the rehabilitation sensor system. They experienced that the sensor system can be used effortless, facilitates the dialogue between the patient and the therapist and can support the self-management of the patient.


Abstract Designers are increasingly expected to consider the cost impact of their decisions. In order to quantify this impact, detailed estimates need to be prepared for the various design concepts. This paper presents a study comparing the cognitive actions of designers and professional cost estimators. The cognitive actions of designers were identified from previously published research, while the cost estimators were investigated for the first time utilizing protocol analysis techniques and a unique coding scheme developed for the study. The key similarities and differences between the two domains are then identified. The findings illustrate the key training requirements for designers to effectively produce estimates.


The aim of this paper is to redress a literature imbalance through identifying, describing and analysing the impediments to the development of market orientation in the context of small UK hotels. The paper begins with a clarification of the nature and domain of market orientation. Thereafter, extant research into the performance implications of market orientation is briefly discussed and existing research into market orientation obstacles critically summarised. The paper then introduces the findings of exploratory interviews which demonstrate that the barriers to developing market orientation for small hoteliers are vastly different from those which are conventionally forwarded. The paper culminates with a series of conclusions and implications for theorists and practitioners.


Today's elementary schools emphasize practice- and learner-based computer courses. In this research, we found solutions to the above issues by adapting a demonstration/practice teaching method led by multiple teaching assistants, expanding lessons tailored to each student's own level. We chose fourth graders from three classes at Elementary School as the subject for this research. Through this research, we have analyzed the students' study results, self-efficacy, response and interest in the computer courses by examining three groups of students: the first group led by a teacher's demonstration and practice, the second group by a teaching assistant's demonstration and practice, and the last by multiple teaching assistants' demonstration and practice. As a result, we were able to show that a computer course taught by multiple teaching assistants will help not only induce an interest and motive for a mutual learning environment among the students, but also bring positive effects on the study results and self-efficacy.


The nursing management information system for pediatric outpatient transfusion was constructed based on the refined management concept. It is designed to correct the current heavy workload, crowded conditions and low satisfaction. By comparing the indicators before and after the application and those of management concern, the system proves that it can effectively improve the quality of transfusion nursing in pediatric outpatient department, reduce the occurrence of nursing defects, and improve the satisfaction of nurses, patients and parents, hence worthy of promotion.

Key words:
Pediatrics; Outpatient infusion; Information system; Refinement management


MW. Arthur L. Eyre-Brook (Bristol): Some Clinical Impressions of Osteoclastoma, Reviewing a Small Series of Cases from the Bristol Bone Tumour Registry Any discussion of osteoclastoma must include reference to the "brown tumours" found in hyperparathyroidism. Although resembling osteoclastomata closely in the radiograph, they are to be distinguished from these by frequently occurring well away from the ends of long bones, by the associated decalcification and thinning of the cortex and by the areas of fibrocystic change to be found in this and other bones. Confirmation comes with the blood chemistry investigations. We must always be prepared to exclude this diagnosis in any case of osteoclastoma. Some confusion in the past has arisen as regards bone cysts, occurring in children and adolescents, most Qommonly in the upper ends of the femur and humerus, and found to have some osteoclastomatous material in the lining membrane. These cysts with excellent prognosis must not be confused with osteoclastomata, where the outlook is by no means so assured. The cysts form in the metaphysis, being displaced towards the centre of the shaft with the laying down of new metaphyseal bone in the ensuing years. The recognition of such a cyst is usually by fracture. The cyst is self-limiting and the only call for treatment is the need for a strong enough bone to withstand trauma in the future; evacuation of the cyst with the introduction of some bone chips usually provides a completely successful line of treatment. Osteoclastomata in a long bone occupy that part of the bone formerly comprising the epiphysis; the patient is an adult and consequently no epiphysis exists, but it is the situation of the osteoclastoma extending up to the articular cartilage which presents the problem for surgical treatment. Whether the osteoclastoma starts in what was formerly epiphysis or metaphysis is debatable. Suffice it to say that these tumours in part occupy the area of the former epiphysis when presentihg. Cases ofosteoclastoma, excluding those ofjaw or skull, collected by the BristolBone Tumour Registry between 1946 and 1953 (Table I). There are 16 cases, confirming the comparative rarity of the condition. The sex incidence (10 females and 6 males) reiterates the usual preponderance of females. The average age is 31 years, with only 1 patient over 50 years and 3 below 20. 2 of these latter were situated in spinous processes of vertebrae, a situation where aneurysmal bone cysts tend to occur at this age; although one of these cases had large blood spaces in the microscopic section, both were accepted as osteoclastomata.


A symmetric square matrix is a type of dataset frequently found in various domains. An example is character co-occurrence matrices in digital humanities. However, the visualization of these matrices is difficult. In this paper, we propose a method for visualizing symmetric square matrices, by transforming a matrix into overlapping sets, and then by visualizing these overlapping sets using rainbow boxes, a recent set visualization technique. We apply this method to the visualization of character matrices in novels, using two datasets: a small one (21 characters) and a large one (80 characters). We show that this visualization allows the finding of several insights. Finally, we discuss the advantages and drawbacks of this method, and we compare it to other approaches in the literature.


Aim: An evaluation of the perceptions and opinions of nursing students on the effect of high-fidelity simulation model on the development of obstetric skills was examined in this study. Method: There search was conducted on the third year students in the United States of America at the College of Nursing at The Ohio StateUniversity in 2014 using adescriptive research design. T test was used in the statistical analyses for the average, standard deviation, percental distributions, and independent samples. Results: Nearly the entirety of the students in there search reported that they found thesimulation model significant for gaining obstetric skills, and their communication skills with the patients and team improved.The debriefing sessions were identified as important to the observance of the effectiveness of the initiatives and that the simulation model reflected the real clinicsetting in application. Furthermore, 85.7% of the students were satisified with performing application with the simulation model and 95.2% suggested this model for developing obstetric skills. Conclusion:The simulation favorably affected the learningexperiences of students. The students reported that this model was quite effective on self-afficacy, professional skills, self-confidence, problem solving, communication, and teamwork.Use and generalization of the simulation application as an education method in nursing education is suggested since it contributes to students.


The growing number of electric vehicles (EVs) affects the national electricity system in terms of power demand and load variation. Turning our attention to Italy, the number of vehicles on the road is 39 million; this represents a major challenge, as they will need to be recharged constantly when the transition to electric technology is complete. If we consider that the average power is 55 GW and the installed system can produce 120 GW of peak power, we can calculate that with only 5% of vehicles in recharging mode, the power demand increases to 126 GW, which is approximately 140% of installed power. The integration of renewable energy sources will help the grid, but this solution is less useful for handling large load variations that negatively affect the grid. In addition, some vehicles committed to public utility must have a reduced stop time and can be considered to have higher priority. The introduction of priorities implies that the power absorption limit cannot be easily introduced by limiting the number of charging vehicles, but rather by computing the power flow that respects constraints and integrates renewable and local storage power contributions. The problem formulated in this manner does not have a unique solution; in this study, the linear programming method is used to optimise renewable resources, local storage, and EVs to mitigate their effects on the grid. Simulations are performed to verify the proposed method.


The wave equations for the metric of the cosmological standard model and their solutions in form of Green's functions are given.


This article explores how philosophical development proceeded through the practice of textual commentary, one of the major features of the Chinese philosophical tradition. This view of the history of interpretation in Chinese thought has hitherto not been addressed, though many articles on Chinese hermeneutics have been published. Most important Chinese philosophers constructed their new theoretical systems in the course of working out their annotations of early texts rather than by directly writing their own books and essays. Two key examples, Wang Bi and Guo Xiang, significantly set out and developed theories that would anchor Neo-Taoism (Wei-Jin Xuanxue or the mystery school) in their reinterpretations of the Laozi and Zhuangzi, respectively. Furthermore, Zhu Xi elaborated his impressive philosophical system in his commentary on the Four Books. The Chinese commentary practice is different from a general reinterpretation of a text because, as commentators, philosophers are supposed to explain the "original Meaning" of the text sentence by sentence and piece by piece, not to read into it their own divergent ideas. But there are two conflicting orientations in this hermeneutical activity: one bent towards ancient texts, the other towards contemporary needs and innovation. Both these oppositional orientations are always embodied in complete commentaries, which represent a certain mixed position between the historical-textual orientation and the current-creative orientation. Thus the conflict between these orientations can be detected retrospectively within these works. This article will demonstrate how these two orientations play out through two examples, namely, Wang Bi's commentary on the Laozi and Guo Xiang's commentary on the Zhuangzi. The article argues that Wang's work exemplifies an orientation basically following the direction of the original text, while Guo's work exemplifies one that is essentially concerned with contemporary issues and personal innovation.


In 2005,we developed some related studies and applications on the reconstruction technology of low permeability and thin interbed reservoirs for the Fault-block Guan984,which is a key block in the reservoir evaluation and productivity construction of Dagang oilfield.According to the characteristics of the thin reservoir and the muddy intercalation in the fault block,we mainly study the combination technology of the sand particle diameter of the proppant in order to augment the length and breadth of fracture and extend oil drainage areas,study the technology of controlling the vertical extension of the fracture to avoid fracturing the lower plutonic rocks,study the protection technology of the fractured oil reservoir to prevent clay expanding,study the gel breaking technology to increase the discharging rate of fracture liquid and to reduce the damage of reservoir and fracture propping zone.The averaging production of eight fractured producing wells reaches 13.3 tons per day through the field using of the technology,which shows that the integral fracture has got obvious effect.


Originally this paper was intended to be a review of fire protection measures and requirements for new and complex facilities. However, on reflection, I realized that the protection requirements for new complex facilities were really no different than for other facilities in the chemical industries. Fire safety challenges are equally daunting in all segments of the industry. This paper reviews methods commonly used to design fire protection measures for chemical plants, and proposes the use of performance‐based fire protection analysis and design as an alternate to specification design methods.


Abstract
 This paper introduces social-interaction based expectations in a New Keynesian frame and compares the characteristics with that of the standard rational expectation model. Agents in this model are connected with each other and build their rational expectation on their neighborhood's opinions and recent economic developments. Instead of precise forecast they use rule of thumbs which reflect whether they assume a positive or a negative future. As result an endogenous business cycle arises. The autocorrelation of the output gap is much larger than in a model with rational expectation and two-way causality from output gap to expectation about output gap arises while kurtosis decreases and correlation between inflation and output gap is quite negative. The use of different networks changes the characteristics of the model. Situations where people trust much more their social network than economic developments can lead to continual recession, boom, inflation or deflation.
 JEL classifications: E10, E32, E71
 Keywords: Rational expectations, non linear dynamics, animal spirit


Carbon black nanoparticles (CB-NPs) have been synthesized from liquid benzene by a solution plasma method at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. The morphological observation by scanning electron microscopy revealed the agglomeration of aggregated fine particles. The synthesized CB-NPs were predominantly amorphous as confirmed by X-ray diffraction. The in vitro cytotoxicity of CB-NPs on the human lung fibroblast (MRC-5) cell line was assessed by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and systematically compared with those of two types of commercial carbon blacks (i.e., Vulcan XC-72 and Ketjenblack EC-600JD). Cell viabilities were studied at different concentrations of 32.5, 65, 125, and 250 µg/mL. It was found that the CB-NPs derived from solution plasma exhibited a lower cytotoxicity on the MRC-5 cells than the other two comparative carbon blacks. The viability of MRC-5 cells exposed to CB-NPs remained higher than 90% even at a high concentration of 250 µg/mL. This result preliminarily confirmed the biosafety and potential use of CB-NPs in the field of biological applications.


The article is devoted to the target language culture in antiquity and Middle Ages which is now one of the most interesting in translation theory and practice. The author considers the problem of inter-language stylistic equivalence in communicative-pragmatic aspect by the example of historical texts and finds out which basic qualities must provide the adequacy of translated texts with the originals.


One of the characteristic features of clay-like materials is the change of their mechanical properties during drying as the moisture content is changed. At high moisture contents they are viscoelastic and then become elastic-plastic and finally brittle-elastic or even stiff. Elastic strains are reversible but viscous and plastic strains are not reversible. The permanent strains are usually undesirable in dried products because they cause warping. In brittle materials, on the other hand, microcracks and cracks are generated. The number of cracks depends on the material properties, sample shape, and drying conditions. The aim of this work is to examine experimentally the permanent strains during drying. The samples used in experiments were made of different materials (two types of clay and kaolin) and were dried convectively. Constant but nonsymmetric drying conditions were applied. The strains of the samples were measured online using a video camera.


A research program involving the study of the attenuation and backscattering by rain of millimeter wavelength radiation has resulted in the requirement for very accurate measurements of rainfall ch...


Vorasoot, N., Akkasaeng, C., Songsri, P., Jogloy, S. and Patanothai, A. Effect of available soil water on leaf development and dry matter partitioning in 4 cultivars of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Songklanakarin J. Sci. Technol., 2004, 26(6) : 787-794 Water stress brings about changes in growth and dry matter partition in peanut plants and the changes vary depending on peanut cultivars. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effect of 3 regimes of available soil water on leaf development and dry matter partitioning of 4 peanut cultivars. A 4×3 factorial experiment in randomized complete block design with four replications was used. Treatments were combinations of 4 peanut cultivars; Tainan 9, Khon Kaen 60-3, ICGV 98308 and ICGV 98324, and three soil water regimes; field capacity (FC; 20% soil moisture content), 1 2 available soil water ( 1 2 AW; 8.6% soil moisture content) and 1 4 available soil water ( 1 4 AW; 4.3% soil moisture content). On day 75 after seedling emergence, depleting available soil water from FC to 1 4 AW significantly (p<0.01) reduced leaf areas of peanut plants. There were also significant differences (p<0.01) in leaf areas among peanut cultivars. At harvest, 1 2 AW caused more reduction in leaf area but resulted in an increase in weight of fallen leaves than did 1 4 AW. On day 75 after seedling emergence, there was a significant effect (p<0.01) of available soil water ORIGINAL ARTICLE 1Ph.D.(Climatology and Plant Physiology), Assoc. Prof., 2Ph.D.(Plant Physiology), Asst. Prof., 3B.S.(Agronomy), Research Assistant, 4Ph.D.(Plant Breeding), Assoc.Prof., 5Ph.D.(Plant Breeding), Prof., Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Muang, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand. Corresponding e-mail: email@example.com Received, 13 January 2004 Accepted, 30 March 2004 Songklanakarin J. Sci. Technol. Vol. 26 No. 6 Nov.-Dec. 2004 788 Effect of available soil water Vorasoot, N., et al. on root:shoot ratios. As available soil water became limited, there was a significant increase (P<0.01) in root:shoot ratios. At harvest, there were interactions between available soil water and peanut cultivars for root:shoot ratio, harvest index and shelling percentage. At FC, there were no significant differences in root: shoot ratio among peanut cultivars. However, at 1 2 AW and 1 4 AW, there were significant differences in root:shoot ratios and the magnitude of differences varied depending on peanut cultivars. At 1 2 AW and 1 4 AW, Khon Kaen 60-3 had root:shoot ratios of 0.55 and 0.48 while ICGV 98324 had the ratios of 0.35 and 0.32, respectively. There were no significant differences in harvest index and shelling percentage among peanut cultivars when available soil water was at FC. At 1 2 AW and 1 4 AW, there was a large decrease in harvest index of Khon Kaen 60-3 and the indices were 0.03 and 0.01, respectively. At the corresponding available soil waters, ICGV 98324 had harvest indices of 0.33 and 0.23, respectively. Shelling percentages at 1 2 AW and 1 4 AW for Khon Kaen 60-3 were 24.9 and 6.8, respectively, while those for ICGV 98324 were 62.3 and 46.6, respectively. Our results indicated that under water stress the partitioning of dry matter into pod yields is more sensitive in drought-sensitive cultivars. Under drought conditions, mobilization of reserved assimilates in leaves could be crucial for supporting pod growth and yields in drought-tolerant cultivars.


CURRENT medical literature abounds in the rare and unusual in medicine, at the expense of the commonplace every-day problems with which the general practitioner must grapple. Among the commonplace problems are there two commoner conditions to be met than gonorrhoea and abortion? And yet how often do we meet them in our medical reading? The object of this paper is to bring up again the subject of abortion, chiefly from the standpoint of treatment. The treatment here described is that used in our cases admitted to the Vancouver General Ho'spital during the past six months (January 1 to June 30, 1931). A good many years ago the profession became impressed with the conservative treatment of abortion as compared with the earlier and more radical methods of treatment. Much has been written about that protective zone of lymphocytes which lies in the basal structures of the endometrium and which if broken down by any form of trauma allows free access of the potentially infective areas to the maternal circulation. It is felt that if such a mental picture is kept before us probably the uterus will receive more of that respect which is rightfully its due. A study of the records of cases in the gynEecological service of the Vancouver General Hospital from January 1 to June 30, 1931, shows that 41 cases of abortion were admitted. These were classified as follows: complete, 10; incomplete, 28; threatened, 3. By complete abortion we mean those cases who were admitted as inevitable abortions, and who after admission succeeded in completely emptying their own uteri or for some reason had therapeutic abortions performed. All 10 cases ran an afebrile and uneventful convalescence.' By incomplete abortion we mean those cases who were admitted with a history of amenorrheea, followed by bleeding, intermittent pain, and the passage of clots or masses of some sort before admission. By threatened abortion we mean those cases who came in showing the classical signs of impending abortion, but whose crises were averted and who were discharged as normal cases of pregnancy. The treatment of complete and threatened abortion is carried out in this clinic on the same conservative lines as that of incomplete abortion. The detail of treatment is, however, not within the scope of this paper.


Five Pt/Pd thermocouples, constructed and calibrated at IMGC at fixed points in the temperature range from 0 °C to the Ag point, were calibrated by comparison with the local primary standard radiation thermometer with the aim of replacing the presently used Pt/Pt–Rh alloy thermocouples as secondary reference standards up to 1500 °C. To fully exploit accuracy of Pt/Pd thermocouples, high-level calibration techniques need to be adopted. For this purpose, a new high-temperature three-zone furnace was arranged and characterized in order to obtain the best axial uniformity and a specially designed blackbody cavity was used as a transfer source for calibrating the thermocouples in the temperature range from 962 °C up to 1500 °C. At the end of the comparison measurements, additional calibrations at the Ag fixed point were made, in order to check the stability of the thermocouples' signals. A comparison between experimental results and the reference function is presented and an extrapolation of the fixed-point calibration data is analysed.


The panel core with "F" thickness by a method such as to be able to retain the gap (57) Abstract: surface plates, spaced, and the first surface plate sandwich panel having a second surface plate a method of reinforcing the steps of drilling a hole in the column-shaped through the panel so as to provide one of the holes in the core of both the surface plate and the diameter "a", the holes of the first surface plate and a step of expanding the diameter "B", a tubular sleeve and a step of inserting into the hole of the column-shaped, larger than and the diameter has a length substantially equal the sleeve is in the "F" "a", the diameter It has an outer diameter slightly smaller than "B", the first end in contact with the inner surface of the second surface plate, an outer diameter larger than the diameter "B" of the second end of the sleeve of the sleeve by expanding to, and the end portion of the second is to engage the inner surface of the first surface plate, a And that the bolt having a head in contact with the outer surface of the faceplate of the insert through the sleeve, fitted with a nut to the bolt, in contact with the outer surface of the second surface plate, so that the surface plate is held in a fixed position by bolts the method comprising the method comprising the.


In 1993 a research project was carried out in the Netherlands concerning the organization of the internationalization of higher education. This phenomenon was described on the basis of the outcome of a questionnaire. In addition, a model was developed and tested for the analysis of the internal process of decision making, organization, and implementation of internationalization in higher education institutions, as well as the relations between this process and the results of internationalization.


A reconfigurable double-slug impedance tuner has been developed based on a distributed RF-MEMS transmission line (DMTL). The fabricated device shows very good tuning operation from 10-30 GHz with a capacitance ratio of 2.5:1 resulting in uniform coverage of the Smith chart with a maximum VSWR of 4:1. The simulated and measured results are presented in the paper.


Depletion of Langerhans colls (LC) is known lo follow bone marrow transplantation (BMT) and is thought to be mainly related lo prelransplanl radiation and chemotherapy conditioning regimens. We studied sequential biopsies of clinically normal skin of 22 thalasscmic and leukemie palienls undergoing allogeneic BMT who had received only chemotherapy (busulfan and cyclophosphamide) as conditioning regimen. LC were identified immunohistochemically using antibodies against CD1a and HLA‐DR antigens, and their number expressed per square mm of epidermal vertical section, the latter measured by computerized image analysis. Afler the preparatory regimen, the number of LC decreased progressively in both leukemie and thalassemic patients. CD1a+ and HLA‐DR+ epidermal cells were reduced, respectively, to 68.5% and 64.5% of their original number around Day 2, and to 23.1% and to 18.2% around Day 17. By this time, electron microscopic examination of selected biopsies confirmed the depletion of LC. Variable depopulation was observed between Days 40 and 60. Our results indicate that a conditioning regimen based exclusively on high dose chemotherapy depletes epidermal LC early after BMT, and that such depletion is not related to the development of acute graft‐versus‐host disease.


Data mining is an interdisciplinary field of computer science and is referred to extracting or mining knowledge from large amounts of data. Classification is one of the data mining techniques that maps the data into the predefined classes and groups. It is used to predict group membership for data instances. There are many areas that adapt Data mining techniques such as medical, marketing, telecommunications, and stock, health care and so on. The C4.5 can be referred as the statistic Classifier. This algorithm uses gain radio for feature selection and to construct the decision tree. It handles both continuous and discrete features. C4.5 algorithm is widely used because of its quick classification and high precision. This paper proposed a C4.5 classifier based on the various entropies (Shannon Entropy, Havrda and Charvt entropy, Quadratic entropy) instance of Shannon entropy for classification. Experiment results show that the various entropy based approach is effective in achieving a high classification rate. Keywordsata Mining, Classification technique, Machine learning,


A necessity for the successful commercialization of SiC power devices is their long term reliability under the switching conditions encountered in the field. Normally-ON 1200 V SiC JFETs were stressed in repetitive hard-switching conditions to determine their fault handling capabilities. The switching pulses were generated from an RLC circuit, where energy initially stored in capacitors discharges through the JFET into a resistive load. The hard-switching included one million repetitive pulsed hard-switching events at 25 °C from a drain blocking-voltage of 600-V to an on-state current of 67 A, and an additional one million 600-V/63-A pulsed hard-switching events at 150 °C. The JFET conduction and blocking-voltage characteristics are virtually unchanged after over two million hard switching events proving the devices are reliable for handling high surge-current faults like those encountered in bidirectional circuit breaker applications.°


Means were developed to measure the effect of vibration on human beings in a tank vehicle so as to determine the limits to which they might be taken in terms of operating effectiveness and also in terms of well being. Improved hardware for making these measurements, a method for relating tank hull input forces to ride quality, and installation and calibration of instrumentation to measure the hull forces are discussed.


Background and aims: There is a wide range of variations in the literature with respect to frequency of occurrence of the number of canals in each root, the number of roots and incidence of fusion. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of additional canals in permanent maxillary first molar in the Nepalese Population. Methods: This was a descriptive study in which maxillary first permanent molars (n-201) of Nepalese population were examined using in vivo technique. Radio-graphs were taken. Access opening was done and gentle troughing of the pulpal floor was done, to look for additional canal. Results: A total of 201 patients were treated. Of these, additional canals in me-siobuccal root was found in 34.1% of the cases and in distobuccal and palatal root, the additional canals were found in 0.49% of the cases. Conclusions: Complete knowledge of the internal anatomy and anatomic varia-tion of root canal system is crucial for the success of the root canal treatment, as missed canals contribute to the failure of root canal treatment in a short dura-tion.


: Treatment of 4-substituted ( Z )-1-( o -dimethylsilylphe- nyl)but-1-en-3-ynes 5 , which were easily prepared from ( Z )-1-( o - bromophenyl)but-1-ene-3-ynes 4 with hydrogen hexachloroplati-nate(IV) hexahydrate in CH 2 Cl 2 resulted in the 6-exo-dig ring closure to give the (E )-1,1-dimethyl-2-methylidenesilachromenes 6 as the sole product in moderate yields.


In this paper, we investigate the ability of recurrent neural networks to perform channel predictions for orthogonal time frequency and space modulation (OTFS). Due to 2D orthogonal precoding, OTFS promises high time-frequency (TF) diversity which turns out to enable robust communication even in high mobility scenarios. To exploit high diversity gain, knowledge of accurate channel state information (CSI) is essential. In OTFS, the CSI can directly be estimated in the delay-Doppler (DD) domain. Vehicular channels however are considered to be doubly-dispersive and therefore require a channel estimation on a per frame basis. This motivates the investigation of short-term channel prediction. We propose a scheme to estimate the channel coefficients collected on vehicular trajectory and predict them into the future using 2D-convolutional long short-term memory network (2D-ConvLSTM). First numerical results show that a prediction of the channel coefficients is possible.


The utilization of System Design Data(SDD) based upon Model Based Systems Engineering(MBSE) process is as important as the building of them. This paper describes the development and the utilization of a report template which can extract and modify data we need from SDD. A report template is defined as a set of elements in the Reporting Facility and is created by placing a sequence of Reporting elements onto a Behavior Diagram-like structure called a ReportNet. We focus on the development of a report template to secure and validate requirements traceability.


We compared the sequential extraction according to Tessier et al. with the results, obtained from single extractions employing reagents and reacting conditions similar to these of the different Tessier steps. The aim was to investigate whether an approach involving fewer consecutive steps provides similar information as sequential extraction. The estimates of the exchangeable, acid extractable and reducible fractions from the single extraction data were in good agreement with the fractions obtained using sequential extraction. The oxidizable fraction should be determined by extraction of the residue of a hydroxylamine-hydrochloride extraction.