Abstract In this work, the important scientific and technical problem of creating multifunctional composite materials for shipbuilding and ocean engineering was solved. The work aimed to study the thermal deformation processes of sintering glass microspheres to obtain lightweight glass composites with a cellular structure that provides positive buoyancy and sound insulation properties. For this purpose, glass microspheres of Na2O‒SiO2 and Na2O‒B2O3‒SiO2 composition with a dispersion of 10 to 60 μm were used as raw materials. They were sintered to form a closed, porous structure. The theoretical substantiation of technological parameters is based on the concepts of solid state and glassy state chemistry and physicochemical concepts of glass softening processes. The process of hot-pressing glass microspheres without plasticisers and additives was investigated. The author's own laboratory equipment was used for the experiments. The sintering intensity was determined from the results of shrinkage processes; the kinetic shrinkage curves were constructed in semilogarithmic coordinates. The glass composite samples were examined by optical and electron microscopy. As a criterion, the storage of spherical microspheres under the influence of simultaneous heating to 700 °C with the application of pressure in the range of 0,5 to 1,5 MPa was chosen. It was established that the formation of a predominantly closed-porous structure of glass composites with a density of 350...600 kg/m3 occurs by the mechanisms of viscous glass phase flow through liquefaction processes in the walls of microspheres. At the same time, shrinkage processes in the linear direction reach up to 50%. The acoustic properties were investigated by measuring the differences in sound pressure levels in octave frequency bands using a Kundt pipe. The water absorption of the glass composite samples was determined at hydrostatic pressures up to 20 MPa. The research results were compared with the characteristics of analogue composites, such as syntactic foams and foam glass. The developed materials can be used in the design and manufacture of technical equipment for research and maintenance of underwater infrastructure. The prospects for further research are related to the feasibility study and marketing research on implementing the developed glass composites.


After a brief review of feedback linearization, several approaches to the problem of parametric uncertainty are outlined, and the adaptive approach to both SISO and MIMO plants is discussed in detail. Based on experience with adaptive control of linear plants, two parameter update laws are chosen for nonlinear plants according to their relative degrees. The simpler of the two adaptive laws is applicable to plants with relative degree one. For plants with higher relative degree the adaptive scheme is more complex, but a simple update law can still be employed in the special case when the state diffeomorphism, required for linearization, does not depend on uncertain parameters. The simpler adaptive scheme is shown to be robust with respect to unmodelled dynamics.


The current focus on psychological well‐being and the treatment of people experiencing common mental disorder in primary care is of interest to health professionals and economists alike (Centre for Economic Performance Mental Health Policy Group, 2006). This brings with it an important opportunity to consider how services for people living with long term medical conditions may benefit from developments in widening access to psychological therapies. The National Service Framework for Longterm Conditions (DoH, 2005a) aims to improve the quality of life for people living with chronic medical conditions. Further to this, NICE Guidelines for the Management of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) (NICE, 2004a) specifically focuses attention on quality of life issues for COPD sufferers and the influence of co‐morbid mental disorder on the ability of individuals to optimise selfmanagement of their condition. By examining issues relating to co‐morbidity of common mental disorders within the long‐term condition of COPD this paper concerns itself with how the agenda for widening access to psychological therapies delivered through a stepped model of care and the introduction of new mental health workforce roles such as community matrons, case managers and primary care graduate mental health workers (PCGMHWs) provides an opportunity for primary care services to integrate mental health care into chronic disease management for COPD, which in turn may provide a model for the development of services for other long‐term medical conditions.


The advantages of automation are understood, but how should employees bring non-human workmates onboard? Here are some tips from Prasad Satyavolu


In this study, minimum mean-square error (MMSE) and blind equalization schemes were employed to improve bit-error rate (BER) and to mitigate intersymbol interference (ISI) generated during storage and retrieval processes of two-dimensional data in a digital holographic data storage system. Experimental results of MMSE and blind equalization show that the BER performances were improved significantly compared with those before equalization.


1 The mapping class group We denote by S g,b an orientable surface of genus g with b boundary components and n punctures (or marked points). The mapping class group of a surface S = S g,b is the group ΓS (Γ n g,b) of isotopy classes of orientationpreserving self-homeomorphisms of S. We require the self-homeomorphism to be the identity on the boundary components and fixes the set of punctures. When including orientation-reversing self-homeomorphisms of S we use the notation ΓS . The mapping class groups of the annulus A and the torus T = S1 are ΓA ∼= Z and ΓT ∼= SL2(Z). We define the pure mapping class group PΓS by asking that the punctures remain pointwise fixed. If S is a surface with n punctures then PΓS is related to ΓS by the short exact sequence 1 → PΓS → ΓS → Symn → 1. For a surface S with χ(S) < 0, let S′ = S\{p}. The Birman exact sequence is 1 −→ π1(S) Push −−−→ PΓS′ F −→ PΓS → 1. Here F is the map induced by the inclusion S′ ↪→ S. For an element γ ∈ π1(S) we consider the isotopy defined by "pushing" the base point along γ. Then Push(γ) is defined to be the homeomorphism at the end of the isotopy. In this text we will not distinguish between "isotopic" and "homotopic", and between "diffeomorphic" and "homeomorphic" with respect to surfaces and curves. This is a classical fact for dimension 2 (see [FM08]).


Accelerated artificial aging by ultraviolet irradiation of Eucalyptus benthamii and Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis woods. The main objective of this research was to study the photo degradation process of superficial color of two wood species, Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis and Eucalyptus benthamii, over ultraviolet irradiation exposure time in a photochemical reactor. Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis samples were evaluated in the radial plane, while Eucalyptus benthamii samples were in tangential plane. The colorimetric parameters measures under the CIELAB 1976 system (L*, a*, b*, C, e h*) were obtained using a Spectophotometer, in the following time intervals: 0, 42, 84, 126 and 168 hours. Both species presented darkening over time, especially in the first hours of exposure. The E. benthamii wood had more changes in its color parameters (∆E=19.72) than P. caribaea var. hondurensis wood (∆E=17.82) after 168 hours.


Topics presented include the adsorption and reaction of trichlorofluoromethane on various particles, equilibria of the marine multiphase ammonia system, a novel ozone sensor for direct eddy flux measurements, and characterization of the carbonate content of atmospheric aerosols. Also presented are variations in heavy metals concentrations in Antarctic snows, sources of continental dust over Antarctica during the last glacial cycle, an inventory of anthropogenic emissions and air pollution in the USSR, and atmospheric nuclei in the remote free-troposphere.


Aim: The objective of this research was to investigate the endophytic fungi isolated from gall rust sengon that produced some antimicrobial and antioxidant compounds. Methods: Thirty-four endophytic fungus were isolated from gall rust sengon, screened and evaluated their ability to produce antimicrobial and antioxidant compounds. Results: Antimicrobial activities were found in at least one or more pathogenic microbial (bacteria and fungi) tested. The inhibitions of Bacillus subtilis were detected at 5-46 mm and 24-82 mm for methanol and ethyl acetate extracts subsequently. While, the inhibitions of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were 10-63 mm for methanol extract; 39-103 mm for ethyl acetate extract and 10-65 mm for n-hexane extract. Antifungal activity against fusarium sp was showed by the inhibition growth of 14%, 60% and 4.5% for methanol, ethyl acetate and n-hexane extracts, respectively. While, these activity against Schlerotium sp was showed by the growth inhibition of 18.6%, 8.9% and 20.3% for methanol, ethyl acetate and n-hexane extracts, respectively. Antioxidant activity of methanol and ethyl acetate extracts of fungal culture showed the (DPPH) radical inhibition activity as 44.92% for methanol and 71.48% for ethyl acetate extract. Meanwhile, n-hexane extract showed only 28.69% of inhibition for DPPH radicals. Conclusion: Endophytic fungi isolated from gall rust sengon were potential for producing antimicrobial and antioxidant compounds from its culture.


Objective To explore the clinicopathologic characteristics,diagnosis,differential diagnosis and prognosis of seminoma of testis with syncytiotrophoblastic giant cells differentiation.Methods One case of seminoma of testis with syncytiotrophoblastic giant cells differentiation was analyzed with microscopy and immunohistochemsitry and with regard to cinicopathologic characteristics,diagnosis,differential diagnosis and prognosis.The literature was reviewed.Results This case was a typical seminoma,and characteristic microscopy feature was clear neoplastic cells,which was diffusely arranged and separated by fibrous tissue.Nucleoli was apparent,and a few lymphocytes were also seen.Among the neoplastic cells,syncytiotrophoblastis were seen and stained by CD117,D2-40,hCG and CK.Conclusion Seminoma of testis with Syncytiotrophoblastic giant cells differentiation and high β-hCG is a rare subtype,and clinicians and pathologists should pay more attention to it and avoid misdiagnosis and mistreatment.


Abstract : Sperm cells from some rabbits develop a high speed random non- progressive motion characterized by wide bending and whip lashing of the tail, known as hyperactivated motility, when incubated for longer than 12 hr in a defined medium (DM). Three types of hyperactivated motions with different motility parameters were identified. As hyperactivated motility is a requirement for fertilization, the ability to recognize and measure the types of hyperactivated cells before and after exposure to chemicals may be a means to screen and assess chemicals for their reproductive effects


The article contains the results of the survey which was held among the secondary school of students 1011 grades (Kirov school № 16, 51) in April 2012 The results of survey allow to make conclusions about modern patriotic education through the study of history in secondary general education and also about the importance of National history in the process of such education.


In this paper, a finite-time adaptive fuzzy tracking control scheme of uncertain switched nonlinear systems with event-triggered inputs is constructed, where the system uncertainties are handled by utilizing the universal approximation capability of fuzzy logic systems. Associating the common Lyapunov function approach with the backstepping recursive design technique, adaptive event-triggered controllers are constructed by employing the relative threshold control strategy. It is shown that the tracking performance is gained in a finite time, and all the signals of the resulting system are bounded in the sense of semi-globally practical finite-time stability. The utility of the constructed control approach is testified by a practical example accompanied by the mass-spring-damper system.


In this study, nanoindentation and nanoscratching were employed to research on the mechanical anisotropy of CdZnTe (110) and (111) planes, and their effects on the grinding of CdZnTe wafers were studied. The results suggest that the primary slip system is responsible for the anisotropy of hardness and frictional coefficient. It is easy to slip along directions on (110) plane and directions on (111) plane during scratching, hence the frictional coefficient is the lowest compared to that of other directions, and high surface quality could be obtained during grinding along these directions. The problem of embedded abrasives, which is due to the soft nature of CdZnTe crystal, could be solved when using the grinding process instead of the lapping process.


retrospective analysis of a prospective cohort study. All patients' vic-tims of trauma admitted to the ED, during a 5 months period. For all entries to the ED, APACHE II score was calculated. APACHE II system was abbreviated by excluding the laboratory data to calculate s-APACHE II score for each patient. Individual data were reanalyzed to calculate RAPS and REMS. APACHE II sco-re and its subcomponents were collected, and in-hospital mortality was asses-sed. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve was used to determine the predictive value of each score.


An important parameter regarding operability and structural safety of ships and offshore objects is its extreme response at heavy environmental conditions. One of the most critical features of the design process is the estimation of the worst condition to which a given structure is likely to be exposed in its lifetime, and in particular the prediction of a characteristics value which is associated with the certain probability of nonexceedance in that time. Two major statistical issues can be distinguished in the procedure of wave extreme prediction. The first issue is that predicted extreme values must be based on data collected in relatively short time. The second issue is extrapolation of the observed data into its extreme region, typically lying well beyond from even the most extreme available observation. The process of extrapolation plays a fundamental role in this area of analysis and therefore it is essential to fit empirically a convenient probability distribution that describes the available data as closely as possible. Estimation of extreme values probability distribution parameters by genetic algorithm is applied to improve the methodology of extreme sea state prediction. Illustrative applications of the method are given for a ship of approximately 135 m length response on North Atlantic sea environment. The results are presented as crest height maximum values occurring with a given probability or in a design storm that has a specified return period. The time series of ship response at most severe storm in 50 years are given.


This article probes into aesthetic education in sports and defines that the task of aesthetic education in sports is to acquire a correct aesthetic conceptions and healthy temperament through aesthetic practices, beauty creating and aesthetic experience. The students' aesthetic judgement and lofty sentiment can be improved by aesthetic education with teaching innovation, good example with demonstration explanation and creating a comfortable and harmonious environment.


We consider a one·dimensional lattice with harmonic as well as quartic potential between nearest neighbors. When one mode is excited initially, an induction phenomenon is observed. The critical value TJc of the anharrnonicity parameter TJ for the disappearance of the induction phenomenon was estimated previously by the stability region of the Mathieu function. The system, however, becomes quasi·periodic when TJ is larger than, but close, to 'I<· This phenomenon is explained by a perturbation theory and by a qualitative argument based on the stability of the Mathieu function. This quasi·periodic phenomenon is a synchronized one, and the presence of a critical value of TJ for the vanishing of the synchronized periodic motion is suggested.


Ann Widdecombe, the Tories' bulldog-like Shadow Health Secretary, has given an extended lead to her tiny, terrier-like deputy, Alan Duncan. In a speech to the Social Market Foundation, Duncan has promised the Tories will significantly extend private health care, backed by tax relief for insurance and health savings plans. He also spoke up loudly about the advantages of alternative medicine, of which he has long been an enthusiast, previously gagged by the sceptical Ann.


The aim of this research was to investigate the density, thermal conductivity, and viscosity of dispersions of agricultural biomass particles in ionic liquid [HMIM][NTf2] used as a base fluid. This research is a continuation of the development of IoBioFluids, a new class of dispersions obtained by suspending particles produced from agricultural biomass, as a sustainable alternative to IoNanoFluids. Dispersions with different mass concentration of particles (0, 0.5, 1, 2.5, and 5 wt%) were studied at different temperatures (20°C, 30°C, 40°C, and 50°C). Agricultural biomass, namely sunflower stalks, was used for particle production. The dispersion was prepared by applying the commonly used two-step method. In the first step, particles were produced as dry powder from hydrothermal carbonization and heat treatment in the inert atmosphere oven. In the second step, the particles were dispersed into ionic liquid. A rheological investigation showed that dispersions exhibited Newtonian behavior for shear rates over 10 s−1. Density, thermal conductivity, and dynamic viscosity of dispersions increased with greater mass concentration of particles. Two applied merit criteria suggested a lack of any currently benefit of using the dispersions for heat transfer in the laminar flow regime due to high viscosity of dispersion. The results of criterial analysis showed that experimental data are relatively close to the limit values. Indications are suggesting the possibility of further improvement of IoBioFluid properties as a new heat transfer fluid.


High altitude lakes are very sensitive to climate change due to their small catchment area, limited vegetation cover, surface water with low nutrients, and thin soil and low bedrock weathering rates. The present study was focused on high altitude Himalayan Lake Gosainkunda, situated at an elevation of 4300 m in the Langtang National Park, and carried out during the post- monsoon season (October) in 2010. The main aim of the study was to assess the water quality quantitatively considering the anthropogenic as well as natural impacts in the lake. The water samples were collected at six different sites to represent entirely the quality of the lake. The sampling sites were systematically designated as the inlet, outlet, human influence site, littoral zone, middle (central) and the deepest part of the lake. Some major cations (Ca ++ , Mg ++ , Na + & K + ) and anions (Cl - , SO 4 — & HCO 3 - ) were analyzed; the cation type is dominated by Ca ++ (64%) while the anions are dominated by Cl - (49%). Among the trace elements (Al, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb & As), except for Al and Fe, all others were found below the detection limit. Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 13, No. 1 (2012) 107-114 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v13i1.7449


The use of mobile tools to support learning and teaching activities has become a significant part of the informal learning process. Mobile learning (M-learning) is used to considerably develop the forms of learning activities made by learners, and support the learning process. The effective application of M-learning in higher educational institutions, however, is based on the learners' adoption. It is therefore essential to define and investigate the factors affecting the desire of learners to use and adopt M-learning. Thus, this research investigates the factors affecting students' intention to adopt Mlearning in institutions of higher education. To achieve the objectives of this research, a model is proposed based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model and the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). The instrument is developed using validated items from previous studies and shreds of literature. Data for this quantitative study are collected from undergraduate and postgraduate students. A Structural Equation Model (SEM) is used to analyze the data collected from 218 participants using a survey questionnaire. The findings show that students' intention to adopt M-learning is shaped by various variables consisting of personnel innovativeness, self-management, facilitating conditions, social influence, relative advantage, and effort expectancy. The research results also present several practical contributions and implications for M-learning adoption in terms of research and practice. Investigation of the required determinants may contribute to gain learners' adoption and is important to enhance the learning experience of students and help them improve their knowledge and academic achievement. The contribution of this paper lies in defining the factors influencing the acceptance and use of M-learning systems by students of higher education in Palestine. Hopefully, the results of the study are valuable for policy-makers in designing comprehensive M-learning systems. Keywords—Mobile learning; UTAUT; structural equation modeling; tam; technology acceptance


Responsibility can be defined as the belief that one possesses the pivotal power to provoke or prevent subjective crucial outcomes (Rhéaume et al, 1995). Responsibility is crucial in the field of law (Haggard & Tsakiris, 2009). Institutions seeking to control individuals need to identify responsible agents to adequately punish or reward them (Lagnado & Channon, 2008). The present study is the first to empirically test the influence of task-unrelated physical effort on the sense of responsibility. The sense of responsibility was measured with a Likert-type response format. In Experiment 1, effort was manipulated independently of the task by requiring the participants to pull stretch bands of varying resistance levels. In Experiment 2, effort was manipulated by requiring the participants to press the keyboard either fast or slowly. Our results suggest the sense of responsibility is not significantly influenced by effort. However, the participants on average felt more responsible in moral dilemmas than in neutral dilemmas. Moreover, this effect was stronger for females who experienced a greater sense of responsibility than males. These results allow us to conclude that agency and responsibility might not be connected in the ways previously described in the literature.


The apparatus for cleaning surfaces comprises a body (1) comprising a tank (2) for containing an abrasive material and a first duct (19) for a flow of compressed air which extends adjacent to said tank (2) along the whole length of said tank (2). The apparatus comprises as well a mixing valve (31), associated with said tank (2), for mixing said abrasive material with said compressed air.


Communication failures may occur because of residual hardware or software implementation flaws, operator errors, transmission noises and transient or permanent machine failures. For packet switched network operation, some means are necessary to detect the errors and to analyze the phenomena to identify the causes of the errors, since, generally, it is almost impossible to predict errors or to implement systems without errors or failures. This paper describes general aspects of communication protocol analysis, protocol analysis technologies for CCITT X.25 and the protocol analyzer to be used in DDX packet switched network operation.


Traps baited with synthetic aggregation pheromone and fermenting bread dough were used to monitor seasonal incidence and abundance of the ripening fruit pests, Carpophilus hemipterus (L.), C. mutilatus Erichson and C. davidsoni Dobson in stone fruit orchards in the Leeton district of southern New South Wales during five seasons (1991–96). Adult beetles were trapped from September‐May, but abundance varied considerably between years with the amount of rainfall in December‐January having a major influence on population size and damage potential during the canning peach harvest (late February‐March). Below average rainfall in December‐January was associated with mean trap catches of<10 beetles/trap/week in low dose pheromone traps during the harvest period in 1991/92 and 1993/94 and no reported damage to ripening fruit. Rainfall in December‐January 1992/93 was more than double the average and mean trap catches ranged from 8–27 beetles/week during the harvest period with substantial damage to the peach crop. December‐January rainfall was also above average in 1994/95 and 1995/96 and means of 50–300 beetles/trap/week were recorded in high dose pheromone traps during harvest periods. Carpophilus spp. caused economic damage to peach crops in both seasons. These data indicate that it may be possible to predict the likelihood of Carpophilus beetle damage to ripening stone fruit in inland areas of southern Australia, by routine pheromone‐based monitoring of beetle populations and summer temperatures and rainfall.


Recent experiments have re‐awakened interest in a stochastic/selective model of positive selection of T lymphocytes. A revised version of the model has been proposed whereby commitment of double‐positive thymocytes to either the CD4 or CD8 lineage requires two engagements with MHC molecules: the first, initiating the differentiation program, signals down‐regulation of one or the other coreceptor, regardless of the T cell receptor's specificity for MHC class I or II molecules; the second, leading to terminal differentiation, screens the choice of coreceptor by permitting only those cells with matched receptors and coreceptors to proceed. Here we explore the role of coreceptors in the two stages of positive selection by manipulating CD8 expression in MHC class II‐deficient mice, crossing them with either CD8‐negative animals or animals carrying combinations of CD8 alpha and CD8 beta transgenes. We find that coreceptors are required at both stages of positive selection and that artificial expression of the down‐modulated CD8 molecule can quite efficiently rescue cells that have made a 'mistake' in their choice of coreceptor. We also establish that commitment to the CD4 pathway and to the helper phenotype can be linked.


Nasrin Zeighami, Saideh Bagheri, Nasim Shadmani 1Young Researchers and Elite Club, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad university, Tehran, Iran. 2Young Researchers and Elite Club, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran. 3Chemistry Department, Islamic Azad University Dashtestan Branch, Dashtestan, Iran. 4Young Researchers and Elite Club, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran.


The continuous reinforced concrete pavement (CRCP) has been proposed as an alternative for high speed roadways with heavy traffic. Compared to others, advantages are expected on cost, durability, and performance; but particularly on the tolerance to concrete cracking, while it is designed to transmit loads to the steel reinforcement. A long term monitoring system was developed to evaluate a particular CRCP design. Sensors based on fibre optics technology and were embedded in the concrete pavement to measure temperature gradients and strains in the concrete and steel reinforcement. An experimental 300 meters test bed was built on the highway that reports the heaviest traffic in Mexico. In this case, stabilized and hydraulic soil bases were compared and a large crack was induced to simulate a damaged condition. After one year of periodic monitoring, temperature variations and gradients have been obtained for different seasons and weather conditions. The overall load-strain performance of the pavement system (concrete-steel) has been evaluated under different load conditions. In general, it has been found that the main driving parameter that defines the overall structural performance of the CRCP is temperature, affecting the boundary conditions interaction with the base, producing different strain amplitudes for the same load traffic condition during one day period.


Background: There is a worldwide realization that development beneficiaries are important resources in the rural development process. Many countries in their development policies have stressed the need to encourage communities to participate in their development agenda. The rationale for this is that communities, especially those in rural setting cannot prosper fully without full engagement of its members. To achieve this, community members must be allowed to take initiative and action that is stimulated by their own thinking and deliberations so that they are able to exert effective control of their development. Enhancing community participation in development projects involves effective co-ordination of local activities to enable people come together to achieve common development goals. Aim: The major task of this study was to investigate factors, which may enhance community participation in the development of schools and income-generating projects in Kiambu District, Central Province of Kenya. Methodology: Kiambu District, which is in Central Kenya was purposively selected to represent rural areas in Kenya. The study was both a case study and exploratory. The study sample comprised of schools and income-generating projects, selected in each of the seven divisions in the district. The projects selected were in four categories, primary schools, secondary schools, youth polytechnics and income generating projects. From each of the selected projects, ten ordinary members were selected as respondents, to a total of 280 members, although only 275 were successfully interviewed. Three project officials from each project were also interviewed, giving a total 84. Also interviewed were 59 divisional local Case Study


Background and Goal: Pediatric pain is often under-treated in emergency departments (EDs), which is known to cause short and long-term harm. A recent quality improvement collaborative (QIC) led by our team was successful in improving treatment of children's pain across 4 EDs in Calgary, Alberta. We then formed a new QIC among general EDs across the province of Alberta to improve treatment of children's presenting and procedural pain. Aims were to improve the proportion of children <12 years of age who receive topical anesthetic before needle procedures from 13% to 50%; and for children <17 years …


The fall of Kabul after the US withdrawal from Afghanistan may have serious repercussions for Pakistan if the influx of refugees accelerates, as additional demand for food items and resulting inflationary pressures can jeopardize the diets of children. To examine this issue, we estimate the gap between actual and desired per capita expenditures on a least cost nutritious diet consumed by Pakistani children aged 3-10 years. The study finds the gap across income groups and regions for two provinces of Pakistan i.e., KP and Balochistan. We find that under-consumption is highest in children of Balochistan Urban and KP Urban, as households in both locations spend only 21 percent of the recommended dietary expenditures. We estimate the decrease in dietary expenditures coming from an increase in food prices after the refugees' influx. We found the dietary gap is high if the influx of refugees exceeds one million by the first quarter of 2022. However, the dietary gap does not increase much if the number of refugee arrival remains under 700,000, albeit the large nutrition gap does not improve.


The goal of this dissertation is to use data mining techniques (clustering and classification) to analyse the relationship of variables type of crime, occurrence time of crime, location of crime and weather pattern when crime happens. Being able to use the best data mining techniques to obtain the relationship between specific variables will help in coming up with a solution through crime prediction. Specific crime predications will be of greater importance for the world at large. The aim of this dissertation is to reveal the hidden characteristics and relations in crime by exploring the Seattle Police crime dataset and National climatic data center weather dataset and determining the model which can predict crime with outmost accuracy.

The general increase in crime in the world as a whole over the years inspired me to explore the data mining tools which are available to carry out crime analysis so as to come up with crime prediction model before unforeseen criminal activities happen.

For this analysis I used the k-means clustering algorithms to come with 5 clusters of crime. These clusters revealed that there are areas which require attention more than others due to the intensity of crimes. To further analyse these clusters I went on to apply classification algorithms to classify set of attributes to a particular class. I compared the algorithms Naive Bayes and Decision trees (J48) I found out that decision trees are the best model with 95% accuracy correctly instances. For visualisation of the results from clustering I used Fusion google API for the crime heat maps.

For testing and evaluation of the models I used training and test datasets for validation purposes where there was need.

For future work I plan to use other algorithms other than the ones I have used and compare the results to see which one provides better results.


The Conservative government of the late 1980s is committed to public spending restraint, in order to control inflation and to reduce individual dependence on the state. The Department of Health and Social Security (DHSS) is the largest single Department of State, accounting for some 31 per cent of total public spending in social security and a further 13 per cent in the NHS.' The major state welfare services are used by the mass of the population. The welfare state is centrally involved in political controversy about the level of public spending and about the extent to which government should be involved in providing services to meet needs. This paper reports a study of MPs' attitudes to welfare based on personal interviews with 81 MPs from the major party groupings-43 Conservative, 34 Labour, three Liberals and one Social Democrat. The sample was stratified by status and included nine ministers, three DHSS ministers, 11 Labour frontbenchers (three in the welfare area) and five members of the Select Committee on Social Services. The interviews took place between November 1986 and August 1987. In addition, postal questionnaires were sent to all those backbenchers not interviewed and 127 usable replies were received, a response rate of 28 per cent-80 Conservative, 35 Labour, four Liberal, one Social Democrat and seven from members of other parties. The number of responses to each question vary somewhat according to the offices held by the respondents, the willingness to answer questions, the time available and the circumstances of the interview. The first part of the analysis rests on the subsequent coding of open-ended general questions about the role the state should play in meeting welfare needs and the changes that the respondent would like to see in the two main areas of DHSS policy, social security and the National Health Service (NHS). The second part is based on precoded responses to more particular questions about specific policy issues. Many MPs elaborated their answers in some detail.


The prospect of future ratification of the Convention Against Torture, the Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the Covenant on Social, Cultural and Economic Rights emerges in a context where ratification in general, of the human rights instruments, in the United States is a politically rare phenomenon.' Optimists in the human rights community viewed the Genocide Convention as a key to the log jam since ratification, or should I say non-ratification, has been indelibly linked to the Genocide Convention. The Genocide Convention after some thirty-seven years of frustration was finally given the advice and consent of the United States Senate.2 What is a matter of debate may be the substantive worth of United States ratification of the Convention forty years after it opened for signature and adoption. What is not debatable is


The Adaptive Neural Control of Aeroelastic Response (ANCAR) program is a joint research and development effort conducted by McDonnell Douglas Aerospace (MDA) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center (NASA LaRC) under a Memorandum of Agreement (MOA). The purpose of the MOA is to cooperatively develop the smart structure technologies necessary for alleviating undesirable vibration and aeroelastic response associated with highly flexible structures. Adaptive control can reduce aeroelastic response associated with buffet and atmospheric turbulence, it can increase flutter margins, and it may be able to reduce response associated with nonlinear phenomenon like limit cycle oscillations. By reducing vibration levels and loads, aircraft structures can have lower acquisition cost, reduced maintenance, and extended lifetimes. Phase I of the ANCAR program involved development and demonstration of a neural network-based semi-adaptive flutter suppression system which used a neural network for scheduling control laws as a function of Mach number and dynamic pressure. This controller was tested along with a robust fixed-gain control law in NASA's Transonic Dynamics Tunnel (TDT) utilizing the Benchmark Active Controls Testing (BACT) wing. During Phase II, a fully adaptive on-line learning neural network control system has been developed for flutter suppression which will be tested in 1996. This paper presents the results of Phase I testing as well as the development progress of Phase II.


Improving assessment is arguably the most difficult task facing those interested in educational reform. This is particu larly true in the area of literacy, where insights in theory and improvements in practice have conflicted with traditional approaches to as sessment (Valencia & Pearson, 1987). Our purpose is to examine recent thinking in the assessment of literacy and offer specific sug gestions to educators interested in making as sessment more congruent with instruction. We begin by briefly reviewing why changes in as sessment are necessary. Then, we discuss four important guidelines for improving the assess ment of literacy. Finally, we provide some il lustrations of how to improve assessment.


ABSTRACT Cutaneous manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are commonly seen in clinical practice. Almost every person living with HIV (PLWH) will present with a dermatological complaint at some point during their care. Compared with people living without HIV, PLWHs have a greater likelihood of skin eruptions because of dysregulation of the skin immune system or drug reactions. This article reviews the most common dermatological conditions in PLWHs, as well as how they typically present in clinical practice, and discusses current evidence for treatment.


Currently, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are used in many applications, namely, environment monitoring, disaster management, industrial automation, and medical electronics. Sensor nodes carry many limitations like low battery life, small memory space, and limited computing capability. To create a wireless sensor network more energy efficient, swarm intelligence technique has been applied to resolve many optimization issues in WSNs. In many existing clustering techniques an artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm is utilized to collect information from the field periodically. Nevertheless, in the event based applications, an ant colony optimization (ACO) is a good solution to enhance the network lifespan. In this paper, we combine both algorithms (i.e., ABC and ACO) and propose a new hybrid ABCACO algorithm to solve a Nondeterministic Polynomial (NP) hard and finite problem of WSNs. ABCACO algorithm is divided into three main parts: (i) selection of optimal number of subregions and further subregion parts, (ii) cluster head selection using ABC algorithm, and (iii) efficient data transmission using ACO algorithm. We use a hierarchical clustering technique for data transmission; the data is transmitted from member nodes to the subcluster heads and then from subcluster heads to the elected cluster heads based on some threshold value. Cluster heads use an ACO algorithm to discover the best route for data transmission to the base station (BS). The proposed approach is very useful in designing the framework for forest fire detection and monitoring. The simulation results show that the ABCACO algorithm enhances the stability period by 60% and also improves the goodput by 31% against LEACH and WSNCABC, respectively.


Stability conditions of T-S fuzzy system based on a common positive definite matrix or a set of positive definite matrices have been proposed in lots of literature. This paper proposes an approach to relax the conservatism of those stability conditions. By using the concept of the efficient maximal overlapped-rules group (EMORG), a relaxed sufficient condition is derived to guarantee quadratic stability of the fuzzy model globally. This condition only requires finding a local common positive definite matrix in each EMORG. Moreover, the proposed stability condition includes previous results as special cases. Several examples are illustrated to show the effectiveness of the proposed stability condition.


This article examines the impact of Covid-19 on the development of the tourism industry of the Kyrgyz Republic. In accordance with the purpose of the research the theoretical issues of the tourism market are studied, the problems of tourism development in the post-covid period are identified, the analysis of the main economic indicators of the tourism industry is made, and at the end recommendations for eliminating the impact of the pandemic on the development of the tourism industry of the country are offered. The Kyrgyz Republic, like other countries of the world, faced Covid-19 in 2020, which affected the development of the economy in general - the tourism industry in particular. Especially external tourism suffered: according to the statistical committee of the republic in 2020 the inflow of tourists to the country decreased by 74% compared to 2019, the share of the tourism industry in GDP decreased several times. The closure of the borders of the republic, the announcement of curfews in many cities of the country and other restrictions related to the pandemic led to a record reduction in the flow of tourists into the country. Major travel agencies were closed. Under such conditions, the effects of the pandemic persist to this day. Therefore, in this article we will try to find more effective ways out of this crisis and give some suggestions for further stabilization of the situation in the market of tourist services in Kyrgyzstan.


externally derived fluid component became progressively more dominant, a third stage of mineralisation is occasionally observed and represented by precipitation of voluminous hematite, together with pitchblende and fluorite. This late-stage mineralisation also typically forms along the same fracture systems that host the earlier sulphide paragenesis. Small hydrothermal zircons trapped along vein quartz growth zones from the Spoedwel deposit yield a U–Pb concordia age of 1957 ± 15 Ma, suggesting that various stages of mineralisation associated with the Lebowa Granite Suite formed episodically for up to 100 My after magma emplacement. By contrast, thermal modelling suggests that magmatic-hydrothermal activity should have ceased within 4 My of emplacement, implying that the mineralisation event was shortlived. Resolving this contradiction could be achieved if the early Sn–W–Mo–F paragenesis is attributed to magmatic-hydrothermal processes, but later parageneses were longer lived and episodic, and possibly linked to Palaeoproterozoic orogenic activity along the margins of the Kaapvaal Craton. One possibility is that fluid flow was enhanced by tectonically induced fluid over-pressuring associated with the Kheis orogeny, resulting in remobilisation of ores that might already have been largely in place. The Kheis orogeny has, for example, been implicated in the formation of Pb–Zn MVT styles of mineralisation along the western margins of the Craton, such as Pering and Bushy Park. The numerous and diverse styles of polymetallic mineralisation in various acid phases of the Bushveld Complex may be linked by the processes described above, defining a metallotect that has similarities to the iron-oxide–copper–gold (IOCG) provinces in, for example, Brazil and Sweden. An IOCG footprint in the Bushveld granites would render them more prospective than previously thought.


Reduced‐dimensional hybrid perovskite semiconductors have recently attracted significant attention due to their promising stability and optoelectronic properties. However, the issue of poor charge transport in 2D perovskites limits its application. Here, studies on intermediate‐controlled crystal growth are reported to improve charge carrier transport in 2D perovskite thin films. It is shown that the coordination strength of solvents with perovskite precursor affects the initial state of intermediate phase formation as well as the subsequent perovskite layer growth. Tuning the solvent composition with a mixture (5:5) of dimethyl formamide (DMF) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) leads to the growth of highly orientated 2D perovskite films with much‐improved optoelectronic properties (faster transport by ≈50x, longer carrier lifetime by ≈4x, and lower defect density by ≈30x) than the film prepared with pure DMF. Consequently, perovskite solar cells based on DMF/DMSO (5:5) show >80% efficiency improvement than the devices based on pure DMF.


Based on the practical need for control stick force sensor test of a certain type of aircraft, corresponding design method of control stick force sensor tester is propoesd, its basic testing principle and course are analyzed,in th end this type of tester is made and tested practically.The result shows that the control stick force sensor tester possesses the characteristics of easy manipulation, perfect function, high intelligence,fast and exact test, provides a scientific testing means for the performance of aircraft control stick force sensor,and has a good application value and popularizing prospect.


Conjugate addition of Et(2)Zn to 2-cyclohexen-1-one catalyzed by Cu(OTf)(2) combined with an azolium salt derived from (S)-leucinol produced the corresponding (S)-adduct, while the use of Cu(acac)(2) in combination with the same ligand afforded the (R)-adduct as a major product.


Scar is a reminding mark left by surgeons on patients who presented with wounds or required surgery. In healing process, due to some circumstances and individual traits, wounds could become bad scars that would definitely affect the patient's appearance and cause many complaints. In the first years after treatment, surgeons will be commemorated as heroes who once helped the patients to overcome and cure the disease. After a few years, the memory of the surgeon's heroic action will gradually dissipate with the formation of a bad scar. Such good memory will be replaced with persistent complaints arising from the scar such as deformity, pain, itchiness and enlargement of the lesion. Several efforts have been made to manage disturbing scars however they often do not yield satisfactory result and moreover sometimes the scars will enlarge, become unpleasant and more disturbing. This will frustrate the patient as well as the surgeon. The good memory of the surgeon as a hero has shifted into one whose surgical procedure was regretted. Presently, there are about 25 modalities using various approaches for scar treatment. These manifold choices indicate that the available modalities have been generally inadequate and the therapeutic response very variable. Furthermore, treatment selection is also based on recurrence. Most of the available therapeutic modalities in this stage are nonsurgical. There is also topical treatment mostly containing herbal extract, which is considered inadequate and lacking of evidence base. Corticosteroid injection and silicone gel is a nonsurgical method recommended and supported by evidence based. This technique is largely chosen by doctors. Combined therapy is the method of choice believed to yield optimal result. Let us remain heroes by paying attention to scars.


PURPOSE: A remote monitoring control board which includes a fingerprint identification system is provided to stably manage a system according to an authority level by identifying a fingerprint of a corresponding administrator. CONSTITUTION: A field device(430) comprises an internal controller which controls various devices. A control board(420) comprises a plurality of remote controllers(420a) and field controllers(420b) for monitoring and controlling the field device. A situation room(410) is connected to a web server and a database server. A fingerprint identification device(520) transmits detected fingerprint identification information to the situation room. An authority administration database(510) is separately included in the field device or the control board.


This paper identifies John Darby of Bartholomew Close as the printer of the 1715 Tonson edition of the Works of Edmund Spenser, and the third edition of Edward Young's A Poem on the Last Day. The identifications are based on the evidence of printers' flowers. It is shown that composed arrangements of printers' flowers were sometimes kept as standing type and used in the printing of multiple works; the fact that this can allow unknown printers to be identified is explained and demonstrated for the first time. The collation of arrangements of printers' flowers, it is suggested, could be used more extensively in the future to gain a fuller picture of John Darby's career, and could potentially be applied to the works of other printers.


Reconstruction algorithm is the core technology in computerized tomography (CT). It is intractable to utilize priori information and constraint condition in analytical CT reconstruction algorithm. To resolve the problem, by analyzing the principle of the filtered backprojection (FBP) reconstruction algorithm, the relationship between the ideal CT image and the reconstructed CT image is proposed, an iterative method based on FBP is put forward. To suppress the spot artifacts induced by the iterative algorithm, a total variation (TV) model is introduced into the procedure and a TV constrained iterative filtered backprojection is built. In numerical simulation, images reconstructed by this method show high consistency with the ideal image, whether the sinograms are ideal, sparse, metal or limited angle. The results indicate that it is an adaptable and high precision CT reconstruction method.


The paper will discuss using Building Information Modelling BIM as an efficient tool of conservation and museums management, specifically in revitalizing the museum of Islamic arts in Cairo after it had been attacked by terrorists as this museum was conserved before and opened to the public 2010, case study method of research chosen to highlight the most important way to deal with heritage at crisis time when every minute differ in saving an object or the saving the building itself, the project was done as a fast track project, as it depended on BIM to achieve the three aspects of good project management which are time, cost and quality. From the research findings that using BIM can save time of implementation and technical documents producing up to 20% of the time needed for the same scope, so it compare between 2010 and 2014 versions of management to observe what is the impact of using BIM on the revitalization of the museum.


Fifteen varieties of brinjal were evaluated far four environments, and stability parameters were studied for yield (q/ha). Highly significant differences between genotypes and environments were recorded. Environment II gave the highest yield. Varieties. S-16, P-8 and Annamalai gave Ugh mean yield and high stability, therefore, they were considered as stable genotypes. Variety S-16 was highest yielding with highest stability. Therefore, this variety can be considered most stable for the environments represented by Ludhiana.


Electron transport reaction from EDTA·2Na to methylviologen (MV2+) across the membrane of single-lamella vesicles of dipalmitoyl-L-α-phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) is photosensitized by an amphiphilic zinc porphyrinato complex, 5,10,15-tris-(l-methylpyridinium-4-yl)-20-(4-stearoxyphenyl)porphyrinatozinc(II) trichloride (Zn–P). This porphyrin complex can be incorporated into the vesicles symmetrically (on both sides of the membrane) or asymmetrically (only on the outer side). The symmetrical system facilitates the electron transport even in the absence of electron mediators.


ZrB2-TiB2 composite rods were prepared by powder metallurgy technique,and the Zr B2-Ti B2 composite coating was deposited on the surface of copper electrodes through electrospark deposition process. Microstructure and elements distribution of the coating were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometer. Phases and hardness of the coating were examined by X-ray diffraction and microhardness tests. The results show that the Zr B2-Ti B2 composite coating exhibits poor density and extensive cracking and delamination are observed for the coating,in which major phases are Cu,Ti B2 and Zr B2. When the Zr B2-Ti B2 composite coating is deposited on the copper electrodes precoated with Ni,no cracks and delamination are found in the multilayer coating of Ni +( Zr B2-Ti B2). Diffusion of elements is observed in the multiayer coating,indicating that the coating-susbstrate interface by metallurgical bonding forms. The average hardness of the Zr B2-Ti B2 composite coating is approximately 900 HV0. 05 and higher than that of the Ni +( Zr B2-Ti B2) multilayer coating( 800 HV0. 05).


A GT- Power simulation model is established for the high- performance single- stage turbocharged diesel engine and the experimental data and the model was verified. According to the analysis results from the prototype simulation,a Garrett T- series turbocharger is selected. The engine is configured with a two- stage controllable turbocharged system and is established with the appropriate performance simulation model. On this basis,researches are given concerning the change of the exhaust bypass valve opening and the influences that the high and low- pressure stage turbochargers with variable turbine geometry can have on the characteristic of the whole system. The results show that a two- stage turbocharged system may effectively improve the performance under low operating conditions,achieve a good matching with the diesel engine in the full range of operat- ing conditions,and maintain its performance under high operating conditions.


The recent financial crisis raises important issues about the transmission of financial shocks across borders. In this paper, a global vector autoregressive (GVAR) model is constructed to assess the relevance of international spillovers following a historical slowdown in U.S. equity prices. The GVAR model contains 27 country-specific models, including the United States, 17 European advanced economies, and 9 European emerging economies. Each country model is linked to the others by a set of country-specific foreign variables, computed using bilateral bank lending exposures. Results reveal considerable comovements of equity prices across mature financial markets. However, the effects on credit growth are found to be country-specific. Evidence indicates that asset prices are the main channel through which - in the short run - financial shocks are transmitted internationally, while the contribution of other variables - like the cost and quantity of credit - becomes more important over longer horizons.


The authors give a brief outline of a 'poor man's' scaling approach as applied to locally coupled electron-phonon systems. For these systems they show that the retardation of the effective interactions have to be taken into account. The approach is extended to the calculation of one-electron Green functions and applied to the spinless Anderson model coupled to phonons. A general expression is obtained for the renormalisation of the resonance width due to phonons. This gives the results of Hewson and Newns (1979, 1980) in the appropriate limits but is more general in being applicable to a continuum spectrum of local phonons and for all values of the coupling strength.


In the Geochemistry surveying work,the measurement of trace silver in soil is a very important part.The atomic emission spectrometry is usually used to measure trace silver,but discreteness is bigger.In this paper,through selection and improvement of the experiment conditions,especially selecting the suitable buffer solution,each performance index was improved.Under the most favourable condition,recovery rate of the method was 96%~105% and detection limit was 0.018ppm.The measurement of the standard sample GBW07401 was repeated eleven times,RSD was ±6.08% and measurement range was 0.050~1 μg/g.After the method was improved,the work cost was decreased and the efficiency was improved.


Through analyzing characteristics of infrared image,this paper introduces a practical and fast sea-sky-line extraction algorithm.Firstly,the image preprocessing is taken by applying big-scale template filtering to enhance the gray gradient in sea-sky-line area.Secondly,nonlinear segmentation is used to restrain noise and wave disturbance.Finally,the detected infrared image is scanned horizontally to identify the position of the sea-sky-line.The experimental result showed that the method can locate sea-sky-line efficiently and correctly,requiring a few computation and can be used for engineering applications.


Abstract : Following the successful application of the HULL code to the modelling of shock waves colliding with a smooth planar surface, as described in a previous report, the influence of collision angle on reflection type was investigated. The numerical investigations revealed examples of both regular and Mach reflection. From these an estimate of the transition collision angle for a non-decaying air shock wave of M sub I = 1.472 (overpressure of 137.9 kPa) was made. This angle was found to be approximately 41.5 deg.


There is a bearing of the clutch-side pump drive wheel (4) at an off-axis pump arrangement in an automatic transmission, in particular a dual clutch transmission have been proposed, in which the coupling-side pump drive wheel (4) on the centering plate (7) of the pump is mounted (2).


The grid-integration of large-scale wind farm brings more uncertain factors to economic dispatching of power grid.Considering the randomness of power load and output of wind farm and taking the minimization of expected generation cost and total adjustment cost of generation units' output as objective,a stochastic optimal power flow(OPF) model with chance constraints is built.Through distributed slack buses,the regulating action of units equipped with AGC is considered.Based on interior point method for deterministic OPF and analytical method for stochastic power flow,the proposed stochastic OPF model is solved by iterative method.Test results of 5-bus system and 118-bus system show the effectiveness of the proposed model and algorithm.


A general-purpose, technology-independent behavioral model is adopted for the intermodulation performance prediction of PHEMT devices. The model can be easily identified since its nonlinear functions are directly related to conventional DC and small-signal differential parameter measurements. Experimental results which confirm the model accuracy at high operating frequencies are provided in the paper.


The rapid development of smartphone technology and the teachers' lack of capability in getting attention from students in learning process may lead to passive and boring English practices in the classroom. Therefore, this study was aimed at investigating LINE Webtoon as possible teaching media that facilitate teachers to teach English in a fun way and investigating the teachers and students' perceptions toward the use of LINE Webtoon in English as Foreign Language (EFL) classroom. This study employed mixed-method design involving interview and closed-item questionnaire as the instruments to gain the data which were administered to three English teachers and 35 secondary school students as respondents. The findings revealed that the use of LINE Webtoon contributes to the teachers' creativity in providing authentic media and material and also creating fun learning activities. The findings also indicated that the use of LINE Webtoon creates good and active classroom atmosphere and the students' responses are mostly positive where they become more motivated and interested in learning English as they have fun accessing it. However, teachers are expected to be more selective in choosing comics in terms of its content and word choices and also to be more creative in handling low achievement students in the classroom.


The author pays special attention to the stories by V. M. Shukshin "The Strongs are Coming", "The Stubborn" and "The Sketches to Portrait", which choice is conditioned by their use as the basis for script to the film by S. Nikonenko "Holy smoke!..", basing on the analysis of these works, and the story "Psycho" substantiates the thought about the possibility to single out the special subtype of Shukshin's stories heroes, not previously mentioned by the researchers of his creative works, and concludes that the embodiment of this subtype in the main hero image in Nikonenko's film emphasizes its topicality in the era of "restructuring".


Segmentation is a fundamental step in image descri ption or classification. In recent years, several computational models have been used to implement segmentation methods but without establishing a singl e analytic solution. In this paper, the problem of textured im ages segmentation upon an unsupervised scheme is addressed. Until recently, there has been few interest in segmenting images involving possible complex random texture patterns. To overcome these adversities, we proposed a cascade c lustering method combining a statistical features a nd fuzzy c- means (FCM) clustering algorithm. For textured image segmentation, the performance of the proposed app roach is compared to the standard FCM.


A book review of 'Transforming the Law' by Richard Susskind.Published as "Review: 'Transforming the Law: Essays on Technology, Justice and the Legal Marketplace'" [2002] 61 CLJ 486


Nearly 2500 years ago, Hippocrates kicked off a revolution in healthcare by calling for the careful collection and recording of evidence about patients and their illnesses. This call—which first introduced the goal of sharing data among physicians to provide the best care possible for patients—established a foundation for the evolution of modern healthcare. Although 25 centuries have passed since Hippocrates' call, we have not yet attained the dream of true evidence-based healthcare. Large quantities of data about wellness and illness continue to be dropped on the floor, rather than collected and harnessed to optimize the provision of care. We are simply not yet doing the best that we can.


Take S-Ⅱ layer group in north development area of Daqing oil field as an example,it's studied that what is Stochastic inversion technique and its application to describe channel sandbody subtly. The study has shown that: In the vertical,there are large differences between the stochastic inversion results coincidence rate of sandbody of different thickness: The sandbody of over 3 metres,its coincidence rate is 98. 6%,; The sandbody of 2 ~ 3 m,its coincidence rate is 79. 1%; less than 2 metres,its coincidence rate is 71. 5%; in the plane,the average coincidence rate of all sedimentary units can reach more than 75%,and the coincidence rate of delta distributary plain subfacies is higher than that of inner front subfacies. With the logging curve and inversion results,combinating well and seismic the channel trend,the single channel sandbody boundary in compound channel sandbody and the superimposed relationship between interwell sandbody,can be described subtly.


Background : In Japan, many younger children attending day‐care centers tend to frequently experience acute respiratory infections and prolonged otitis media.


Introduction: Metastatic breast cancer (MBC) is a challenging clinical condition because most tumors will develop resistance to endocrine treatment as the cancer progresses. We previously reported the correlation of ESR1 mutations in circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) and CTCs resulted in worse prognosis in MBC (ASCO-2020). In this study, we report a new finding that specific hotspots of ESR1 ctDNA mutations are associated with endocrine therapy resistance status in MBC and their allele frequency (AF) can be used to monitor response. . Methods: Plasma cfDNA were collected from a total of 299 MBC patients (2016-2019) after informed consent under an IRB-approved trial at the Lurie Cancer Center at Northwestern University. ER+ patients are 180 out of 297 (61%). Patients with HR+ MBC were evaluated before endocrine therapy (Anastrozole, Exemestane and Letrozole ) +/- CDK4/6 inhibitors (Palbociclib, Ribociclib, Abemaciclib), and every six months after initiation of therapy. Response to therapy was recorded according to the different time points. Endocrine resistance is defined as relapse during the first 2 years of adjuvant endocrine therapy or progressive disease within the first 6 months of first-line endocrine therapy for metastatic breast cancer. Plasma ctDNA was isolated using a Qiagen circulating nucleic acid kit, and then was analyzed using the Guardant360 Health next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based assay (Guardant Health). In this study, only patients with ESR1 mutations were included for statistical analyses of correlation between the hotspots mutation with the endocrine therapy resistance by using Causal Inference approach. All statistical analyses were conducted Mann-Whitney U test by IBM SPSS version 23.0. Results: There were total of 239 ESR1 ctDNA mutations detected in 18 hotspots from 42 patients at different time points, among which there were 131 endocrine therapy resistance status in all time points. The numbers of ESR1 hotspots mutations and the corresponding endocrine therapy resistance cases were found in the following hotspots respectively as Q314 (3 cases with mutation, 0 cases with resistance), T347T (4, 0), N359I (4, 0), K362N (4, 0), E380Q(32, 16), V392I (1, 1), G442R(3, 0), F461I(3, 0), S463P (3, 2), S464 (1, 0), I487M(14, 0), K520K (2, 0), M528V (5, 0), L536H (31, 19), Y537N/C/S (46, 34), D538G (77, 59), D545D(2, 0) and Q565 (4, 0). There were 50%, 61.2%, 73.9% and 76.6% patients developed endocrine therapy resistance when they had E380Q, L536H, Y537N/C/S and D538G mutations respectively at any time points. Furthermore, among these 4 hotspot mutations, the MBC patients with lack of response to endocrine therapy have significantly higher percentage of mutated DNA than the patients with sensitive response. For the patients with E380Q mutation, the mean percentage of mutation DNA was 8.44% for those with lack of response and lower than 0.01% for those with sensitive response (P<0.001). For the patients with L536H mutation, the mean percentage of mutation DNA was 3.48% for those with lack of response and lower than 0.01% for those with sensitive response (P<0.001). For the patients with Y537N/C/S mutation, the mean percentage of mutation DNA was 5.23% for those with lack of response and 0.02% for those with sensitive response (P<0.001). For the patients with D538G mutation, the median percentage of mutation DNA was 5.13% for those with lack of response and 0.01% for those with sensitive response (P<0.001). Conclusions: The outcome of this study demonstrated that patients with mutations on known ESR1 hotspots (E380Q, L536H, Y537N/C/S and D538G) develop clinical resistance to endocrine therapy. Evaluation of these ESR1 hotspots mutations by ctDNA could be reliably used to monitor the response to endocrine therapy and predict the prognosis for MBC patients.
 Citation Format: Qiang Zhang, Paolo D'Amico, Weijun Qin, Jianhua Jiao, Andrew A. Davis, Lorenzo Gerratana, Saya L. Jacob, Youbin Zhang, Jeannine Donahue, Wenan Qiang, Ami N. Shah, Amir Behdad, Lisa Flaum, William Gradishar, Leonidas C Platanias, Massimo Cristofanilli. Esr1 hotspot mutations in circulating tumor DNA mutation are associated with endocrine therapy resistance in metastatic breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2021 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2021 Dec 7-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-01-04.


To the effect that wants to be reached from this research performing is:(1 ) For menganalisis environmental gnostic positive influence for intention to buy green product. (2 ) for menganalisi environmental gnostic positive influence to environmental care attitude (3 ) for menganalisis attitude positive influence care environmentaling to intention buys green product. (4 ) for menganalisis attitude positive influence memediasi's environmental care environment science for intention to buy green product. Quantitative observational type with survey's approaching. Population in observational it is society at Silvan Bulurejo Mojogedang who utilizes to put off the light LED( light emitting is diode . Sample that taken by total 100 person, with method purposive is sampling , which is sample take that is drawn the line on specific types of informen suitably researcher criterions. analisis's tech data in observational it utilizes: (1 ) instrumental quality Quizs data were used to test validities with CFA, reliabilitas's quiz with cronbach alpha , and normality with Kolmogorov Smirnov. (2 ) Regression Quiz get ladder( Hierarchical Regression ), (3 ) Mediasi's Quizs, (4 ) Hypothesis Quizs, by use of quiz t, quiz F, determinant coefficient quiz (R 2 ).Result observationaling to point out:(1) analisis's result positive influential environment science and signifikan to environmental care attitude (2 ) analisis's Results influential environmental care attitudes positive and signifikan for intention to buy green products. (3 ) analisis's Results influential environmental care attitudes positive and signifikan for intention to buy green products. (4 ) analisis's Results is gotten that environmental care attitude that memediasi can environmental science influence for intention to buy green product


Abstract A geographical information systems technique for visualizing spatial data was used in conjunction with standard analytical procedures to examine the size-specific distribution of brown shrimp Farfantepenaeus aztecus in nearshore nursery areas and open waters of the Mississippi Sound. Brown shrimp abundance was assessed during 2000, 2001, and 2002 by means of an otter trawl along 10 transects consisting of three stations each. The number of brown shrimp, together with the dissolved oxygen, temperature, and salinity values, were collected at each sampling station. A decreasing trend in salinity was observed from east to west. The highest salinities were measured in 2000. No temporal patterns in dissolved oxygen or temperature were apparent. Brown shrimp showed the highest abundances in western Mississippi Sound, an area adjoining the extensive marshes of St. Tammany and St. Bernard parishes in Louisiana. The average size of the brown shrimp in the western sound was smaller than that of the brown sh...


post-traumatic anxiety and depres-sion as a consequence of their Ebola-related experiences. Barriers to the successful implemen-tation of this programme are discussed; some of them were remarkably fundamental, such as the importance of providing a snack to group CBT participants who may have travelled long dis-tances to attend. This was valued more than the reimbursement of their travel expenses.


Reaction of the diamagnetic cluster (TMEDA)2Nb2Cl5Li(TMEDA) with the (3,5-Me2Ph)(Ad)NLi (Ad = adamantyl) amide led to a rare case of C−N bond activation and formation of tetravalent, dinuclear, and diamagnetic {(3,5-Me2Ph)(Ad)N]Nb(3,5-Me2Ph)}2(μ-NAd)2·ether (1) containing a Nb−Nb single bond. Conversely, a similar reaction carried out with [Cy2NLi]4 (Cy = cyclohexyl) yielded dinuclear {[(Cy2N)2Nb]2(μ-N)}(μ3-N)Li(TMEDA) (2).


There are many things we learn if we know about life landmark, which eventually will be the history of human's life. Similarly, the Islamic history and Islamic Historiography, which was developed at the same time with Muslim's development and does not separated from the general development of Islamic civilization. Historical method is the process of critically examining and recording of past recording and old heritage. The data obtained by this process of Past Imaginative reconstruction is known as Historiography. The aim of studying Islamic history is designed to broaden our understanding, to know an incredible fact that may not have been heard by people. By using this thinking framework the historians objectively guided to conduct their research.


The effect of ioxitalamate, a radiological contrast medium, on red blood cell (RBC) elastic properties has been studied. Individual red blood cells are gently aspirated by an accurately controlled pressure into the tip of a glass micropipette. Cells are deformed with a well‐defined force produced by a very small suction pressure. An elasticity shear modulus is then deduced.At a concentration isoosmotic to plasma, the elasticity shear modulus remains normal. At a concentration hyperosmotic to plasma the elasticity shear modulus is significantly higher than the one obtained for cells suspended in either isoosmotic or hyperosmotic buffer.It can be concluded that the effect of ioxitalamate at a volume ratio of 20% on elastic properties of RBC is related to membrane changes and not to the increase in osmolality.


While examination of 68 patients, operated on for gastric cancer, the activation of a free-radical oxygenation was revealed, more prominent and stable when the blood serum amylase heightened.


Mammography is not accurate to predict implant rupture in most patients. Its sensitivity rate is only 11 to 16%. However, two mammographic findings appear to suggest implant rupture: the appearance of large areas of implant herniation, and the appearance of silicone globules lying outside the margins of the implant. Mammography is also helpful to predict capsular calcification and to assess certain complications of retained breast implant capsules. Two patients presented with retained capsules which had not resolved, two and five years after implant removal. One patient developed a spiculated mass, suspicious for carcinoma, that proved to be a cystic mass resulting from persistent serous effusion. The other patient demonstrated a large densely calcified capsule which interfered with breast imaging.


This paper presents a logical series of well-designed experiments which address a significant concern when studying the behavior of solute-containing ice samples prepared in a laboratory. Additionally, the results suggest additional experimental methods, and can be applied to behavior of natural systems in the cryosphere. The work is of high quality and is well presented, both in written form and visually. The use of Supplemental materials is particularly thorough and commendable. The work is publishable in its current form. However, I believe it can be improved either by clarifying or elaborating some specific points, listed below.


Camera calibration is essential for many computer vision and image processing applications. However, this calibration process can be rather time consuming and may require a significant amount of human intervention. Calibration models traditionally employ a calibration grid whose four corner points must be marked by hand on a per-frame basis. The objective of this work is to develop a technique for processing these frames rapidly, with as little human intervention as possible. We propose an algorithm to extract the boundaries of the calibration grid automatically, based on a spectral analysis of HD (high-definition) video frames. The accuracy of the intrinsic parameters estimated using our automatic method is evaluated through comparison with those obtained using a method that requires hand labeling of the corner points.


This article focuses on how confession operates in contemporary discourses on reflective practices. By revisiting and mobilising Foucault's genealogy of confession in relation to how reflective pra ...


Important modifications in tho Board of Regents* S tudents' Owner ship of Cars regulation were an nounced late Wednesday afternoon by President R. E. Vinson. The rule, which was passed at the meet ing of the Board of Regents in the fall term, prohibited the ownership of cars by University students with the exceptions of those who FIRST PUBLIC C O N C EIT OF C I S ' C LEE C I O ! TO BE PRESENTED SOON


Key Points Question Is Children's Hepatic Tumor International Collaboration–Hepatoblastoma Stratification (CHIC-HS) risk group prognostic of outcomes and are tumor histological characteristics associated with risk stratification? Findings In this cohort of 96 pediatric patients with hepatoblastoma from a single institution who were independent of the CHIC-HS discovery cohort and treated with more recent therapy, CHIC-HS group was significantly associated with both event-free survival and overall survival. Data on the contribution of hepatoblastoma histologic subtype to risk stratification were also generated. Meaning These findings validate the CHIC-HS and suggest that incorporating pretreatment tumor histological characteristics into CHIC-HS may provide additional prognostic value.


In recent years, elective subject system is widely employed in many universities. It is one of the most important educational system in which students can freely select the lecture based on their preferences and purpose. Elective subject is expected to increase student's motivation for learning because this has high flexibility. But, because mechanical lecture allocation mechanisms used by many universities don't consider student's preferences and purpose, existing trivial mechanism cannot bring out the effects of elective subjects. Especially when the number of student who attend a lecture exceeds the seating capacity, the university choose student by lottery or first-arrival basis and provides with the right to attend a lecture. Lecture allocation problems are widely researched by a lot of researchers. However, in most of existing researches, the lecture allocation systems have a complicated input methods and interfaces to make student's indicate their preferences. Student's ability to input his/her preferences depends on the experience and knowledge. It is different by each students have. This paper proposes an adaptive interface design model in lecture allocation system. The model changes adaptive interface design based on student's ability. In our method, first, when students use the system for the first time, they declare their abilities. Second, when students operate the system, the system gets operational logs. Then the system design and interface for each student in subsequent use. System interfaces are defined base on user model which is constructed by features of user behavior defected through our preinvestigation. Advantages of our proposed methods and model are as follows. First the interface supports student's operations. Second, student can input his/her preferences precisely. As the result, lecture allocation is conducted effectively.


C. dactylon var. dactylon (L.) Pers., common bermudagrass is a cosmopolitan grass species having great economic value for turf, forage and soil conservation in the southern United States. The species has long been characterized as an outcrossing species based on heterogeneity of natural populations, comparison of seed set rates under selfand cross-pollination, and assumption of widespread self-incompatibility. However, reproductive behavior of plants in breeding populations based on definitive characterization of their progeny as to self-or crosspollinated origin is not available. The objective of this experiment was to quantify selfing and outcrossing rates of common bermudagrass plants grown in field environments conducive to interbreeding. Twenty five clonal common bermudagrass plants grown at Stillwater and Perkins, OK in a randomized complete block design with three replications were used in the study. Ten progeny from open-pollinated seed harvested from each field plot of the maternal plants were grown in a greenhouse at the Agronomy Research Station, Oklahoma State University. DNA samples were isolated respectively from 1439 progeny from both sites along with their 25 seed parents. Eleven polymorphic simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were chosen to identify breeding origin of the progeny by comparing SSR marker genotypes of the progeny with their respective maternal parents. Among the progeny examined, only two progeny plants respectively.


Since starting to use Kerberos [1], which provides the option to encrypt rlogin sessions at the application layer, we noticed that using encryption caused a severe performance impact across dial-up lines, e.g., a 14.4kbps line using PPP with modem compression of data. We took measurements and veri ed the source of the problem as a non-synergistic interaction between the application, transport, and lower network layers. We modi ed the Kerberized rlogin (klogin) to accommodate this situation, and will make the modi cations publicly available. Since normal ascii text data is quite compressible, this modi cation could become important for ubiquitous low speed access. 1 statement of problem Since starting to use Kerberos, which provides the option to encrypt rlogin sessions at the application layer, we noticed that using encryption caused a severe performance impact for interactive applications across dial-up lines, e.g., even 14.4kbps line using PPP. To investigate the impact of the move to more Internet-wide use of end-to-end encryption, we took measurements to verify the source of the problem. We found a clearly non-synergistic interaction between the application, transport, and lower network layers. Although the issue became visible to us with Kerberos, it is a generic problem of performing compression and encryption in the right order. Since encryption is inherently a randomization process, it is clear that trying to compress after performing encryption will yield suboptimal results. However, many applications perform encryption at higher layers without rst performing compression, leaving lower layers (e.g., modems) unable to e ectively compress data before transmission. We modi ed the Kerberized rlogin (klogin) to accommodate the situation, and will make the modi cations publicly 1 Both versions, Kerberos 4 and 5, exhibit the same behavior. available [2].


Femtosecond laser-induced fluorescence (FLIF) and femtosecond laser-induced optical breakdown spectroscopy (FIBS) are important tools for remote diagnostics of atmospheric aerosols using LiDAR (Light Identification Detection and Ranging) technology. They are based on light emission excitation in disperse media via multiphoton nonlinear processes in aerosol particles induced by high-power optical pulses. To date, the main challenge restraining the large-scale application of FLIF and FIBS in atmospheric studies is the lack of a valued theory of the stimulated light emission in liquid microparticles with a sufficiently broad range of sizes. In this paper, we fill this gap and present a theoretical model of dye water droplet emission under high intensity laser exposure that adequately simulates the processes of multiphoton excited fluorescence and optical breakdown plasma emission in microparticles and gives quantitative estimates of the angular and power characteristics of nonlinear emission. The model is based on the numerical solution to the inhomogeneous Helmholtz equations for stimulating (primary) and nonlinear (secondary) waves provided by the random nature of molecule emission in particles. We show that droplet fluorescence stimulated by multiphoton absorption generally becomes more intense with increasing particle size. Moreover, far-field plasma emission from liquid particles demonstrates a larger angular diversity when changing the droplet radius in comparison with multiphoton excited fluorescence, which is mainly due to the excitation of the internal optical field resonances in spherical particles.


A reliable and inexpensive method was developed for the realization of flexible ventricle prototypes to be used in a pulse duplicator test circuit for cardiac valve testing, with particular emphasis on the valves in the mitral position. The peculiarity of our ventricular models is their ability to preserve a physiologic-like shape during the entire cardiac cycle. Moreover, the models take into account the function of papillary muscles, thus allowing a realistic evaluation of the whole inlet valve complex (mitral valve, chordae tendineae and papillary muscles). Ventricular sacs were designed by structural analyses, driven by a set of criteria identifying the similarity to natural ventricular conformational changes. The computationally optimized ventricle shapes were used to manufacture the mould for prototypes to be subjected to experimental validation trials. The difference between simulation-predicted and experimentally measured behaviors did not exceed 6.5%, which confirmed reliability of the developed ...


The composition and structure of multimetallic nanostructures can be tailored to enhance electrocatalytic properties. This work reports a seed-mediated synthesis of novel multimetallic dendritic core-frame and frame nanostructures with a rhombic dodecahedral shape for enhanced methanol oxidation reaction (MOR). The synthesis involves in situ forming Cu seeds and the subsequent selective deposition of Pt and Ru on the edges and vertices of the Cu seeds to generate CuPt and CuPtRu dendritic core-frame nanostructures. The core-frame nanostructures undergo a post acetic acid etching process to form the frame nanostructures. While transmission electron microscopy reveals the morphology and elemental distribution of the nanostructures, X-ray diffraction patterns confirm the alloy compositions of dendritic frames for both the core-frame and frame nanostructures. Compared to the bimetallic CuPt nanostructures, the trimetallic CuPtRu nanostructures lower the onset potential and completely suppress the peak current in the reverse scan for MOR. The CuPtRu alloyed frame nanostructures are the best to prevent Ru leaching compared to the CuPtRu core-frame nanostructures and PtRu catalysts. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveals that all three elements become more electronic rich in the frame nanostructures. Further refining the composition ratio of the CuPtRu alloyed dendritic frame nanostructures can lead to more efficient catalysts at a lower cost for MOR.


Abstract A novel method of measurement and control of the primary layer quality in mineral wool production processes is presented. The measurement method is based on image acquisition and processing of the mineral wool primary layer structure. As a statistical estimator of the primary layer quality, the ratio between the RMS (root mean square) and the average intensity in a selected region of the image was used. A regression model of mineral wool production process control is presented. It relates the statistical estimator of the primary layer homogeneity with the key process parameters. The regression model was derived using dimensional analysis and selection of characteristic numbers. The parameters of the regression model were selected using experimental data from a spinning machine. The results show very good agreement with a regression coefficient r 2 higher than 0.81. The regression model permits mineral wool production process control, since all the key parameters in the model can be measured in a real production process.


(57) Abstract: conductive polymer device comprising an active device conductive polymer layer between a pair of electrodes where attaching the lead terminals, which are laminated is provided. Active elements are encased in an insulating package. Each electrode may be integrally formed as a single lead frame with the lead terminals involved. The conductive polymer layer alternatively laminated between two electrodes, then it is possible to solder the lead terminals to the electrodes. Insulation package for active devices may be over-molded type housing follicles enter an active element, or may be a pre-mold type housing having a cavity incorporating an active element. These housings are hermetically sealed using a suitable sealing material.


A directed matrix abstraction procedure is described which allows a static solution to be obtained in phase 1 of a three phase NASTRAN substructuring analysis while at the same time storing all information needed to complete the substructuring analysis.


Abstract Venous ulcers can occur when the veins in the legs do not push blood back to the heart. Blood backs up in the veins , building up pressure and accumulation of fluid prevents the nutrients and oxygen from getting to the tissues, resulting in cell death and formation of ulcer. Venous ulcer does interfere with quality of life and induces great deal of discomfort. Conventional medicine mentions chronic venous ulcer as surgical disease. In homoeopathy, this condition is treatable without surgery through individualised miasmatic approach. A successfully treated case of 57 years old male, suffering from bilateral chronic venous leg ulcer, complicated with two miasms is reported here.


This quantitative survey was designed to investigate the symptoms of depression and the level of generalized anxiety in adults with Autism Spectrum Condition (ASC). For this purpose, 90 adults with ASC, aged 17 years and above with mild autistic symptoms, were selected through the convenient sampling method. The study findings, using the "Generalized Anxiety Disorder" (GAD-7) tool, indicated that adults with ASC experience mild to moderate levels of anxiety, with irritability and annoyance being the highest-scoring items. The study further utilized the "Patient Health Questionnaire" (PHQ-9), to assess depression, which revealed that the majority of adults with ASC experienced moderate levels of depression, with symptoms occurring on several days in their lives. These depression and anxiety symptoms in adults with ASC are most common and there could be multiple factors behind these symptoms which affects their quality of life. It is important that mental health teams assess adults with ASC to determine the reasons behind their mental health-related issues and provide appropriate support and treatment. Raising awareness about autism and other disabilities is also crucial to reduce stigma and promote acceptance in society


This paper introduces an innovative four quater architecture dedicated to Internet of Things (IoT) devices whose security is enforced by secure elements. In this context an object is made with four components: a general purpose unit (GPU), a radio system on chip (SoC), a secure element acting as identity module that processes TLS packets, and sensor/actuator devices. The TLS secure element acts as an applicative firewall. We present an experimental platform, realizing a connected thermometer object, built around an Arduino microcontroller, cheap Wi-Fi SoC, commercial javacard and temperature sensor. This low price, low power consumption secure system, has a response time of about 6s.


In order to obtain accurate closed-form representations of the microstrip Green's functions, it is often necessary to find the locations of the proper and improper surface-wave poles. In this paper, we present an efficient and robust iterative algorithm based on contraction mapping, which can locate all the proper and improper solutions of the characteristic equations of the grounded dielectric slab. The dielectric may also be lossy.


Sulfur deposition had the effect on corrosion of N80 carbon steel,which was studied in high acid environment of Puguang gas field,then the corrosion production was analyzed by ESEM.The mass loss method compared the effects of sulfur in various forms(blank,sulfur powder and molten sulfur coverage on the carbon steel) for carbon steel corrosion in environment,and the electrochemistry method discussed the corrosion process.The results showed that: the wet sulfur is mainly for local corrosion,sulfur had the direct contact with steel which would accelerate carbon steel corrosion.The electrochemistry method showed that elemental sulfur deposition accelerated carbon steel corrosion by promoting cathode polarization reaction process.The possible reason is that the sulfur catalyzed acid corrosion,thus resulting in the carbon steel corrosion.


In the present invention, with the startup of an information processing device (4), a generic OS is read into work memory (4002), and thereby, a CPU (400) is set to a generic-mode operational environment so that a generic AP is usable at any time, whereas by way of a management CPU (14) that subsequently begins to operate, a standby state of a specific OS is stored into storage memory (40042). Upon selection of a specific AP, without needing to activate the BIOS, a specific OS that is standing by is rapidly deployed into the work memory (4002).


This article studies the popular children's book The Gruffalo (1999) written by Julia Donaldson and illustrated by Axel Scheffler. Its popularity is attested to by the fact that the book has sold over 13.5 million copies and has been translated into more than 80 different languages. The question that this article seeks to address is, to what extent has the language and style of The Gruffalo played a part in these commercial and cultural achievements? The article primarily explores the phenomena of meter, rhyme, rhythm and lexical repetition from interrelated linguistic and stylistic perspectives. It also brings these findings into a dialogue with some of the precepts and principles from both classical rhetoric and modern orality theory, especially pertaining to memory and delivery. Having weighed the linguistic evidence, the supposition is put forward that it is highly probable that the motivated language choices that have been made by the author, and the way those choices have been arranged and deployed in the story, have played a substantial role in the book's success.


This paper illustrates how a model can be constructed to analyze the growth of accumulated spent Light-Water-Reactor fuel using a technique from systems theory which has proved to be capable of describing with a very high degree of accuracy the growth of both human populations and railways, highways, airports, local government revenues, college enrollments and similar technologies and infrastructural elements. The methods used were developed in papers 'Regulatory Mechanisms in Socio-Technical Systems', 'Growth-A Problem of Cybernetics', and 'Systems Models For Infrastructures'. The coupled nonlinear equations which describe these phenomena have been treated and numerical examples are displayed.


This study examines four variables namely leadership style, job satisfaction, motivation, and nurse performance. The purpose of this study is to analyze and explain the effect of leadership and job satisfaction on nurse performance by testing individual motivation as intervening. The research respondents were nurses with government employees who worked at Regional Public Hospital (RSUD) Dr. Wahidin Sudiro Husodo Mojokerto city, Indonesia. A total of 117 were sampled for this study. The analysis technique is descriptive and linear regression for confirmation on a structural equation model built by the researcher. The quantitative approach was chosen to explain the influence between research variables. Data collection used a questionnaire. The results of this study found that the leadership style had led to individual motivational behaviour which ultimately had a positive impact on nurse performance. Nurse Job satisfaction affects individual motivation and nurse performance.


At present, ESP in most universities is not satisfiable. Therefore, a deep reseach is made on the teaching sitation of ESP in Hainan University from four aspects, ie., curricula setting, teachers, textbooks, and teaching methods. From this research, the problems existing in ESP were found out and the countermeasures were tried to put forward.


Reveals the scientific and methodological principles of determining the needs of farmers in the technical means to perform mechanized processes of agriculture. The parameters of technological systems in different technologies in crop production and the volume of work that match agricultural requirements the quality and timeliness of work.


A computer forensic investigator investigates computer crime. Currently only a few academic institutions have a computer forensic department and, therefore, the investigative responsibility (in case of contravention of assessment regulations for computer-based assessments) rests upon the lecturers. The purpose of our project is to apply computer forensic principles to a computer-based assessment environment to facilitate the identification and prosecution of any party that contravenes assessment regulations. This paper is the first step in that project; its purpose is to consider the nature of such an environment. This nature is derived from the established computer forensic principles. In particular, we focus on the forensic process to determine the policies, procedures and types of tools that should be present in such an environment. The intention of the paper is not to consider any of the issues raised in detail, but to consider the process from a high level. The utilization of different tools, namely a key logger, CCTV camera, audit log and a report of logins, facilitates the identification of any party that contravenes assessment regulations. The proposed process consists of four phases: preparation of the environment, collection of evidence, analysis of evidence, and reporting findings.